THE ORCHID REVIEW.
4
ss
VANDA SANDERIANA.—Lindley Medal plant (see pa
ge 361).
sg es
ORCHID REVIEW
An Sllustrated PWlonthly Zournal
DEVOTED. TO: ORCAIDOLOGY.
EpITeD BY R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L:S.
VOLUME XXIII.
y,
1915
FRANK LESLIE & CO., 12, LAWN CRESCENT.
LONDON AGENTS:
MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.
[All rights reserved].
TO
FREDERICK SANDER, Eso., Vi ME.
HEAD OF THE FIRM OF MESSRS. SANDER & SONS, ST. ALBANS,
TO WHOSE ENERGY DURING THE LAST FORTY YEARS
IN IMPORTING THEM FROM ABROAD
AND RAISING THEM AT HOME
OUR GARDENS ARE INDEBTED FOR SOME OF
: THEIR MOST BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDS,
THIS TWENTY-THIRD VOLUME OP THE “ORCHID REVIEW ’™
IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED.
Kew,
December, 1915.
= 336 ss
(3 : ae a
< Che Orchid Review 5
(2 VoL. XXIII. JANUARY, 1915. No. 265. £ey
J
lEeices | OUR NOTE BOOK. ‘|Aeas]
HE waning of the old year brings us to the period of our annual survey,
but what shall we say of 1914? It opened under conditions of great
promise. The Royal Horticultural Society had just organised a scheme of
registration of Hybrid Orchids, the embargo on the Reichenbachian
Herbarium, which has retarded the progress of Orchidology for a quarter
of a century, was about to be removed, and the cultivation of Orchids was
never so popular or so widely éxtended. The year had run more than half
its course on lines of peaceful progress, but then, with the suddenness of a
cyclone, the tornado of war swept across the track, and we believe that
Orchidists the world over will join us in deploring the catastrophe. The
result cannot be foreseen, but already we have witnessed, regardless of
treaty obligations, the devastation of a small state which has long been in
the forefront of European horticulture, and the scattering of its people as
refugees in neighbouring lands, with numberless other horrors. This is not
the place to assess the cause of this crime against humanity, but we may
hope and pray that one of the effects of this titanic struggle will be to
establish upon an impregnable basis the principle that Right is the only
true Might, and that no country may hope to attain by employing its
military powers what it cannot reach by the methods of peaceful develop-
ment. But this is looking too far ahead.
Other effects of the war have been the suspension of Continental
horticultural journals. The Revue Horticole early announced its suspension,
owing to the fact that the whole of its staff had gone to the front, and Le
Jardin and the Revue de l’Horticulture Belge have, we fear, shared a similar
fate. The Gardeners’ Chronicle has for some weeks devoted a page, in
French, to the interests of the exiled French and Belgian horticulturists in
this country, and steps are being taken to provide temporary employment
for these distressed people. Our own countrymen have answered the call
1
2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, I915+
of duty in large numbers, and the staffs of many Horticultural and Orchid
establishments have been much depleted.
It is an abnormal year. The great Shows at Chelsea and Holland
House, and the fortnightly meetings at Westminster were, until the holtday
season, as successful as usual. But the outbreak of war and the requisition
of the Hall by the military authorities caused the abandonment of the
August meetings, while one of those in September had to be held elsewhere
under unsuitable conditions. The difficulty has since been removed, but
the meetings have never quite recovered their former character.
CERTIFICATED ORCHIDS.
The number of First-class Certificates awarded by the Orchid
Committee of the R.H.S. was 35, only one fewer than last year, and
the subjects comprised eight Odontoglossums, seven Miltonias, six
Cattleyas, three Leliocattleyas, two each of Cypripedium, Odontioda,
and Odontonia, with a single representative of Cymbidium, Dendrobium,
Lelia, Sophrocattleya, and Sophrolelia. No fewer than 29 of these were
hybrids, and it is believed that the three varieties of Miltonia vexillaria
which gained this award were seedlings of garden origin. Miltonia jumped
suddenly to the second place on the Hst, and it is curious to note that
Brassocattleya is absent, while last year it had five representatives. The
Awards of Merit fell from 105 to 70, which is partly explained by the
higher standard of excellence required to gain this award. Here hybrids
were still more to the front, for only ten at the outside can claim to have
been imported plants. An analysis shows that the list contains twelve
Lzliocattleyas, eleven Cattleyas, Odontioda and Odontoglossum nine
each, five Cypripediums, four Cymbidiums, Brassocattleya, Miltonia and
Odontonia three each, Dendrobium and Oncidioda two, while Bulbo-
phyllum, Oncidium, Phalznopsis, Renanthera, Sophrocattleya, Sophro-
catlelia, and Vuylstekeara had each a single representative. It is further
interesting to note that out of about 98 hybrids mentioned above no fewer
that 41 are generic crosses. The Cultural Commendation necessarily
implies a high standard of culture, and of these seventeen were awarded,
about half as many as last year, though the decline does not represent a
falling away in quality to this extent.
HYeRIDs.
Hybrids naturally tend to run in somewhat definite grooves, those being
followed up which are of proved excellence; nevertheless several very
interesting developments may be pointed out. One of the best is the
handsome Odontonia Charlesworthii, raised by Messrs. Charlesworth, from
Odontoglossum Uroskinneri crossed with the pollen of Miltonia vexillaria,
which gained a First-class Certificate, and-was figured at page 241 of our
January, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3
August issue. Odontonia Lucilia, derived from Odontoglossum cirrhosum
and Miltonia spectabile Moreliana, is another interesting hybrid of the
same firm, which secured an Award of Merit and a Certificate of
Appreciation. Oncidioda Mauricei is a very distinct and striking hybrid
raised by M. Henri Graire, Amiens, France, from Oncidium tigrinum
crossed with the pollen of Cochlioda vulcanica, and has almost entirely
the habit of the former, but the sepals and petals of a peculiar red-purple
with a primrose-yellow lip. It received an Award of Merit on May 5th.
Odontocidium southgatense was raised by Messrs. Hassall & Co., from
Odontoglossum Edwardii and Oncidium macranthum, and has not yet
reached its full development. Odontoglossum Sandhurstianum was raised
by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, from O. coronarium and O. Edwardii, and
is most like the former in shape, with a much modified colour.
Cymbidium Dryad, raised by Sir George L. Holford from C. insigne and
€. Parishii Sander, is likely to develop into a good thing.
Calanthe Branchii, shown by C. J. Lucas, Esq., represents the third
successful attempt to unite the evergreen and deciduous Calanthes, the
parents in this case belng C. Textoni and C. Wm. Murray, a Certificate of
Appreciation being awarded. Brassocattleya Rex, derived from Cattleya
Rex and Brassavola Digbyana, is a very distinct hybrid which was shown
by W. Burkinshaw, Esq. Sophrocattleya November, shown by J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq., is a handsome hybrid from Cattleya Portia and Sophronitis
grandiflora, which received an Award of Merit. Odontioda Zenobia, shown
by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., was derived from Odontioda Charlesworthii and
Odontoglossum percultum, and is one of the best of a series of secondary
hybrid Odontiodas which have appeared during the year, receiving a First-
class Certificate in March last. O. Doris and O. Sybil, from the collection
of Mrs. Norman Cookson, have obtained Awards of Merit. Odontonia
Magali-Sander var. xanthotes is a very interesting albino, raised in the
collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., from Miltonia Warscewiczii xanthina
and Odontoglossum armainvillierense album. A plant shown by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co. received an Award of Merit.
SPECIES.
Among species a noteworthy event was the flowering of Oncidium
Leopoldianum in the collection of H. S. Goodson, Esq., in July last,
when it received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. The event has been
anticipated for over twenty years, but the few plants originally introduced
either refused to flower or proved incorrect, and the present one came out
of a later importation by Mr. H. A. Tracy. Its history and a figure
appeared at page 345 of our last volume. Another event was the flowering
of the remarkable Bulbophyllum Fletcherianum, a New Guinea species
'
4 THE ORCHID REVIEW [JANUARY, IQI5.
originally introduced by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. some years ago. It
received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in May last, when exhibited
by the Rev. J. C. B. Fletcher. A good many novelties continue to appear
among what may be termed botanical Orchids, and descriptions of two
Decadés, which have been described in the Kew Bulletin, were reviewed in
our September issue. It is always interesting to recognise in cultivation
species that have hitherto only been known from dried materials, and
amiong these we may mention Dendrobium Tofftii, figured at page g, and
the pretty little Oncidium Leiboldii, figured at page 361 of our last issue.
Pleione pogonioides also flowered for the first time in cultivation, and the
appearance of several botanical species has been recorded in our pages.
OTHER INTERESTING EVENTS
that might be mentioned are the flowering, in the collection of Mrs. Norman
Cookson, of the remarkable Odontioda Latona var. Pearl, in which every
trace of the scarlet colour has vanished from the flower. This distinct
thing was figured at page 105 of our last volume. Among questions that
have been prominently discussed in these pages are the Nomenclature of
Hybrids, with proposals for the London Botanical Congress (now post-
poned indefinitely owing to the war), Heredity and Evolution, and the
Origin of Species by Crossing, all of which have come to the front during
the year.
LOSSES DURING THE YEAR.
Orchidology experienced a great loss in the death of the Right Hon.
Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., whose collection at Highbury has long enjoyed
a world-wide reputation, and our obituary notices include the names of
Richard le Doux, an old and very enthusiastic Orchidist, George Gordon,
for many years Editor of the Gardeners’ M agazine, Frank Cypher, and John
Gould Veitch, while on December 17th passed away the veteran W. B.
Latham, for many years Curator of the Birmingham Botanic Garden. The
death of the veteran fungologist, Dr. M. C. Cooke, must also be mentioned.
in connection with the fungus diseases of Orchids.
: THE CoMING YEAR
opens in gloom, especially for establishments situated within the war area,
but let us hope they will escape destruction, and that a period of enhanced
prosperity awaits them when the present nightmare has passed away. We
await the future with confidence. The path of duty is ever the path of
safety, and Right must and will prevail. One of the problems of the future
will be to secure a better understanding among the nations, and a fuller
recognition of the right of peaceful development for each and all. It is the
tragedy of the day that diplomacy has not been able to secure this without
the present lapse into barbarism, and the lesson must be taken to heart by
all lovers of true progress.
JaNuaRY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5
[eee
4 HE ever-increasing popularity of hybrids would have shocked some of
our old Orchidists could they have lived to see it. We well remember
the remarks on the subject made by Mr. James Bateman at the Orchid
Conference held at South Kensington in 1885. In probably a rash
moment, he was induced to propose a vote of thanks to Mr. Veitch for what
he described as an admirable paper, and he remarked :—
‘“‘T am sure that he, and Mr. Dominy also, will know and appreciate the
effort it costs me to make this proposal, for I have been brought up with the
strongest abhorrence of hybridisers. (Laughter.) I fell into evil hands
early in life. My first Orchid-growing friend was Mr. Huntley. When I
paid Mr. Huntley a visit at his snug rectory in Huntingdonshire, he
pointed out to me his Cacti and his Orchids, and said, ‘I like those plants,
in fact they are the only plants I grow, because those fiends (meaning the
hybridisers) cannot touch them.’ (Laugbter.) You must make a little
allowance for a botanist, for hybridisers do give botanists a lot of trouble—
(laughter)—but, however strong my prejudices were, I must confess that
when I saw such plants as the Cattleya downstairs, if I was not convinced:
HYBRIDS AND MR. JAMES BATEMAN. Fe
I was, at all events, shut up. (Laughter.) I have the greatest pleasure in
moving the vote of thanks to Mr. Veitch. (Appiause.).”
In his reply Mr. Veitch remarked: ‘‘ Mr. Bateman is such a kind-
hearted genial gentleman, that many a time I have asked myself why, when
he came into my houses, he used to act in such an extraordinary way when
he saw a hybrid. Now I have found it out; it was this friend of his who
he has mentioned who set the bad example. (Laughter.) However, I am
very glad to find Mr. Bateman has lived sufficiently long to get rid of his
prejudices against the hybrids, and I hope I shall before long be able to
name one after him. (Laughter.).”—Journ. R.H.S., n. s. vii. p. 49.
And we have Mr. Bateman’s own comments on the Veitchian hybrids,
for in a series of racy articles under the title ‘‘ Dies Orchidiane,” by
** Serapias,’’ we find him describing a visit paid to the Chelsea establish-
ment in 1864, whet he remarked (Gard. Chron., 1864, p. 341): ‘‘ Passing
on tothe Cattleya house, I found all the popular favourites mustered in
great force; among which, however, I must not be supposed to include
some of the hybrid triumphs of Mr. Dominy’s misplaced ingenuity, ¢.g..
€. Dominii and so forth. Hybridise everything else, if you will, but spare—
oh, spare—the Orchids.” This, it is true, was in 1864, but thirty years
later, although Lelia Batemaniana had been dedicated to him, he wrote to
as: ‘Il am not interested in hybrids.”
6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 1915+
serduperaitihaiiestinsmnminemeebinn
¢| GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM AND ITS ALLIES. q|
HE flowering of the giant Grammatophyllum speciosum is a rare event
in Europe, and that of the Kew plant (see page 372 of our December
issue) reminds us that there are several allied species whose history is very
imperfectly known, while that of G. speciosum itself has been much
confused. There are two quite distinct sections in lhe genus, one
characterised by its long subcylindrical closely-leafy stems, as in the
original G. speciosum, the other having short oblong much-swollen
pseudobulbs, as in G. scriptum, Blume, and the better-known G.
Rumphianum, Mig. (Bot. Mag., t. 7507). The latter group may be called
section Gabertia, as it includes Gaudichaud’s genus of the same name,
while the former may be distinguished as section Eugrammatophyllum, and
to it the present notes are confined.
GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM, the original species of the genus, was
described by Blume in 1825 (Bijdr., p. 378, t. 20), asa giant Orchid found
on trees in the neighbourhood of Buitenzorg, Java. Afterwards a fine’
coloured plate was given (Rumphia, iv. p. 47, t- 191), and the locality
Cochin China was added, on the authority of a specimen collected by
Finlayson at Pulo Dinding, which is a small island on the west coast of the
Malay Peninsula, off Perak. The fact is mentioned because the mistake
has been several times repeated. Finlayson’s discovery represents the
earliest record of the species that we know of. He landed in the evening of
January goth, 1822, on Pulo Dinding, which he describes as a beautiful
granite island, covered with almost impenetrable woods from the margin of
the sea to the summit, and he then goes on to remark: ‘‘ At about half a
mile distant north from an old and ruined fort, once occupied by the Dutch,
we found an Epidendrum of gigantic size, the most elegant plant perhaps
of the numerous tribe to which it belongs. Nothing in the vegetable world
could exceed in beauty the appearance of the stately plant as it stood erect
on the stem of an aged tree, surrounded by its flowing leaves, rather
resembling the frond of a palm than the leaf of an herbaceous plant. The
flowering spike alone exceeded six feet in length, contained nearly one
hundred flowers, and was now in full blossom. The flowers exhaled a most
grateful but mild odour; they were about two inches and a half across, and
upwards of four, including the foot-stalk, in length.” —Finlayson, Mission to
Stam, p. 35. Good specimens were procured, which were afterwards
identified with Blume’s plant, and are now preserved in the Lindley and
Wallichian Herbaria at Kew (n. 7360).
Griffith afterwards collected a plant in Malacca which Lindley, in 1852,
January, 1915.] _ THE ORCHID REVIEW. d
described as a new species, under the name of G. fastuosum (Paxt. Fi..
Gard., ii. p. 159), and which at about the same time was also described and.
figured by Wight as a new genus, under the name of Pattonia macrantha
(Ic. Plant. Ind. Or., v. pt. i. p. 21, t. 1750). This Reichenbach called.
Grammatophyllum macranthum (Xen. Orch., li. p. 16), and he followed
Lindley in citing G. speciosum as also collected in Malacca by Griffith, but
the fact is that the second species cannot be distinguished, and is simply
G. speciosum, Blume.
The species appears to be rather widely diffused, for Parish obtained it
further north at Mergui, and Ridley records it from Singapore and
numerous localities in the Malay Peninsula; while Korthals collected it
in Borneo, and there are records from Sumatra and Bantam. Two-
Philippine records we believe belong to the allied G. Wallisii, Rchb. fi,
mentioned below, and a Moluccan record which arose through confusion.
with G. scriptum, Blume, must be expunged. Ridley also gives the
locality, Solomon Islands, but we do not know on what authority. We
only know one species from the Solomon Islands, G. Cominsii, which is-
mentioned below.
G. Wa.uisu, Rchb. f., was described in 1877 (Linnaa, xli. p. 107),
being based on materials collected at Manila, by Wallis. It was described
as nearly allied to G. “ giganteum” (clearly a mistake for speciosum) and
G. macranthum. We have not seen the original, but have little doubt in
referring to it fine specimens afterwards collected in the Philippines by
Loher, at Albay, in July, 1903, and Tayabas, in June, 1904, both in the:
island of Luzon. The general character is that of G. speciosum, but the
flowers are rather smaller, with relatively broader segments. There are:
other records of a Philippine plant which may also be referred here, for J.
van Volxem speaks of specimens of G. speciosum as growing on the highest
forks of trees at Manila, ‘which no Orchid house in Europe is large
enough to shelter,” and he adds, ‘‘ I even saw one of the finest in the full
sun on a stunted tree in an opening in a brackish mangrove swamp”
(Gard. Chron., 1878, i. p. 588). Boxall aiso records G. speciosum as.
Philippine (Blanco Fl. Philip., ed. 3, Nov. App. p..245), but we suspect
that both records refer to G. Wallisii.
G. PANTHERINUM, Rchb.f., was described a year later (Gard. Chron., 1878,.
i. p. 788), from materials collected by Goldie in New Guinea, and sent to Mr.
B. S. Williams. The flowers were described as being as large as those of
Cymbidium eburneum, and the sepals and petals narrower than in G.
Wallisii, but there are no hairs on the disc of the lip. Nothing further
seems to be known about it.
G. LEopaRDINUM, Rchb. f., appeared ten years afterwards (Flora, 1888,
p. 788), as a native of the Moluccas, but no clue was given to the collector.
3 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915.
It was said to be near to G. speciosum, hence its inclusion in this section,
but the vegetative organs were not described.
G. Cominstt, Rolfe, was described in 1891 (Ann. Bot., v. p. 506), from
materials collected at San Cristoval, one of the Solomon Islands. The
flowers are smaller than in G. speciosum, and the petals relatively very
broad, while the spots are rather small.
G. PAPUANUM, J. J. Sm., was described in 1911 (Bull. Dep. Agric. Ind.
Neerl., xlv. p. 11), from materials collected at the River Beguwri, in Dutch
New Guinea, by Gjellerup. It was afterwards figured (Lorentz, N. Guin.,
viii. p. 596, t. 107), from flowers preserved in alcohol, hence the colour has
gone, but we have the record that they were yellow spotted with brown.
The habit approaches G. speciosum, but the flowers are smaller, and the
segments exceptionally broad, while there are some hairs on the front of
the lip.
It would be interesting if anyone having the opportunity would collect
more materials of the New Guinea, Soloman Island, and Moluccan plants,
so that their history may be completed. We can hardly hope to see the
introduction of such giants alive, but we may conclude with a remark of
Reichenbach, when G.. pantherinum was described: ‘‘ When shall we
flower these grand Orchids? I do not hope that the Orchidists will take
them up. The genuine Orchidist expects his pet to be satisfied with a very
narrow space, and I have no doubt this was one of the hundred reasons
which brought in fashion these lovely plants, which cannot be surpassed by
any other kind. My hope is based on the increase of Palm-growing. .
When those Palms which want the acme of moisture will be sstablieaed
in their rights, then the Grammatophylla may have a snug place with them,
and they will no doubt feel gratified to do their duty by flowering.”
: A.R.
OcTOMERIA CRASSIFOLIA.—The fine plant of Octomeria crassifolia from
‘the Lawrence collection is now flowering: very profusely at Kew, recalling
its condition three years ago when exhibited by the late Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart. (O.R., xix. p. 340). . The species was described by Lindley
in 1836 (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag., ii. p. 354), with the synonym “O.
graminifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1891 (not of Hooker).” The remark means
that Lindley recognised it as distinct from the West Indian O. graminifolia,
R. Br. (Bot. Mag., t. 2794).. O. crassifolia was imported from Rio de
Janeiro, and flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney. Afterwards it
was described by Rodrigues as O. densiflora (Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov., ii. p-
-97). In 1827, however, it was figured by Vellozo under the name of
Pleurothallis ruscifolia (F/. Flum., ix. t. 26), and under the Vienna Rules
the plant should be known as Octomeria ruscifolia.—R.A.R.
Janvary, r915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9
ieee
yw reference to the note on Dendrobium Tofftii at page 360 of our
last issue, Sir Jeremiah Colman writes: ‘‘As you have taken so
much interest in this Dendrobe, I think you may like to see the enclosed
photograph of a spray from a plant that flowered at Brisbane. Mr. Bartels,
DENDROBIUM TOFFTII 2 iy
Fig. 1. DENDROBIUM TOFFTII.
the sender, is a very keen Orchidist, with whom I have for many years been
in friendly correspondence. I reported to him the view taken, and think it
not unlikely he may comment on it, in which case I will let you know, as
10 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, T1915-
his information will be reliable. I cannot help thinking that the connec-
tion with D. taurinum must be remote, for the colour, and I think the lip,
as well as the bulbs, are distinct from the D. taurinum for which I received
an Award of Merit. It is also far more difficult to grow, for while taurinum
nearly always flowers within a reasonable time after being imported, D.
Tofftii had been in my houses for years before we could get it to flower.
This may not prove very much, but I think the facts set out are sufficient
to show that the two Dendrobiums are distinct species. I cannot offer any
opinion as to whether the plant exhibited is identical with the one described
by Mr. Bailey, though it seems to be known in Queensland as D. Tofftii.
The bulbs are not nearly so long as described, though it may well be that
under favourable circumstances they might attain the same length.”
We thank Sir Jeremiah Colman for the opportunity of figuring this
interesting Orchid, which shows what may be expected when his own plant
attains its full development. The inflorescence shows about 24 flowers,
and is represented under three-fourths natural size. We hope for further
information to clear up the doubtful point. R.A.R.
=
HE dull winter months afford little opportunity for the amateur to
enjoy and cultivate the outdoor garden to any great extent, but where
a greenhouse is possessed, and devoted to easily grown Orchids, there
is never any lack of enjoyment, for by careful selection, flowers may be had
in full beauty throughout the cold and chilly weather.
Cypripediums are undoubtedly the Orchids far excellence far an
amateur, for besides being free flowering, they are easily grown, and their
handsome slipper-like flowers last many weeks in full beauty. At the
present time, be careful only to give them sufficient water to keep the soil
damp, and any which are in bud should be placed in a good light, and their
scapes neatly tied to sticks. Be careful never to let any drip from the roof
fall on to their blossoms, or they will speedily rot. Some of the earlier
ones will now be passing out of bloom, and may be re-potted if they need
it. Remove the plant carefully from the old pot, shake off the old soil, and
wash the roots in tepid rain water. Then examine the plant, and cut away
any dead roots, flower stems and decayed leaves, and sponge the remaining
leaves. Filla fresh pot two-thirds full of clean broken crocks, and on these
set the plant, filling up to within half an inch of the rim with soil. Pot
firmly, and keep the base of the leafy growths just below the rim of the pot.
From experience, I prefer for compost a good mixture of loam, broken
crocks, mortar rubble and clean chopped sphagnum moss, using it in a
THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION.
By C. ALWYN HARKISON.
January, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. IE
slightly damp state. Be careful to have the soil as firm below as on the
surface, as then watering can be carried out with complete satisfaction.
For newly potted plants a good dose of water after the operation will be
sufficient for several days, but for any not potted, only sufficient should be
given to keep the compost from getting dry. If possible, newly potted
plants will do better for a time at the warmer part of the house.
Owing to the skill of the hybridist, many hundreds of fine and beautiful
crosses have been raised, and in the case of a beginner desiring to make a
selection, I would advise a visit to some nursery in preference to giving a
list, as individual tastes differ, but many magnificent varieties can be
procured at the nominal cost of a few shillings each.
Oncidiums are also very gorgeous winter-flowering Orchids, bearing long
spikes of yellow and brown blossoms, and are also of easy cultivation. To
all those in bud or spike, give plenty of water to enable them to unfold
their blooms to perfection, but as soon as any show signs of fading, cut the
spike and keep the plants ‘almost dry, giving only enough water to prevent
the bulbs from shrivelling. The amateur need not feél disappointment at
cutting off the spike when the flowers at the bottom begin to fade, for ifit is
placed in water to which is added a pinch of salt or nitre, the remaining
blossoms will keep as fresh as if left on the plant, and the latter will be
greatly encouraged in forming a strong healthy bulb for the ensuing year.
For the usual inmates of an Amateur’s Orchid house, 50° Fahr. may be
regarded as an average temperature suitable to their requirements, but
regularity in this is of vital importance, coupled with the admission of fresh
air and an atmosphere well laden with moisture. The bottom ventilators
should be opened daily, if only for half an hour, as it will assist in keeping
a buoyant and fresh interior atmosphere, and by syringing between the pots,
and on the floor, usually every morning, sufficient humidity will be raised to
meet the requirements of the plants. On noaccount spray the foliage, or
over-water, especially at this season. If the temperature falls below
45° Fahr. at any time, the amateur need have no cause for fear, providing
the requisite amount of heat is soon restored and that the plants and
atmosphere were comparatively dry at the time.
common sense and good judgment in regard to watering and ventila-
tion are necessary in Orchid cultivation, and are of far greater importance
than the particular aspect or construction of the house, as I have seen
rchids thriving under many strange conditions, but doing so because their
immediate requirements were understood. In the event of a beginner
reading these articles, I cannot too strongly impress the great importance
of starting with good sound healthy plants of flowering size, and if such are
procured, a collection of Orchids will give untold pleasure and just as little
trouble as required by any ordinary greenhouse plant.
42 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915.
|| ORCHIDS IN SOUTH MEXICO,
[The following article, entitled ‘‘ Notes on some Orchids grown in
‘Southern Mexico,” received from an old and esteemed correspondent, will
doubtless be read with interest, as it deals with the same species as those
grown under very different conditions under our northern skies. Previous
articles by Mr. Harvey will be found in vols. xi. pp. 354-358; xill. pp. 250-
251; and xiv. pp. 6-7.—Eb.]
@~™ENDROBIUM TAURINUM.—Three plants were received by me
some six or seven years ago, with some other Orchids, from a friend
in the Philippines, and were still attached to the pieces of limbs upon
which they had been growing im situ, so I merely hung them up in
moderate shade, but for some three or four years they languished—made
few roots and weak, sappy growths, which, on the advent of the early summer
rains, fell victims to the attacks of minute black beetles. Discouraged, I
then hung them out in the blazing sun—go® F. in the shade—in company
with Diacrium bicornutum. Mirabile dictu, they soon commenced to throw
-out new yellow shining roots, pretty well all over their blocks, started new
leads from the imperfect ones, and finished off in December with nice
plump little pseudobulbs, about eight inches high, with foliage bright
shining green, nearly as hard as horn, increasing each year in size until
last year, when the largest had reached thirty inches, and came into
flower, producing a beautiful terminal arching flower-stem with ten flowers,
typical as to shape, but quite different in colour. This species was
-originally described by Lindley, in 1843, as having the sepals yellowish
green, rolled back at the points, very long deep purple twisted petals, and a
paler purple lip. My plant, however, agreeing in everything but colour,
has snowy white and amethyst purple coloration, no yellow or trace of
green in the flowers, and is, I am bound to say, one of the most beautiful
Dendrobes I possess. Subsequent authorities give similar descriptions to
Lindley, but I fail to find any reference to this variety. I am now curious
to see what the remaining two plants will produce.
DIACRIUM BICORNUTUM.—About a dozen plants were received some
years ago direct from Trinidad, in exchange for Mexican Orchids, and were
tried in small cedar-wood baskets, with pieces of charcoal, and were hung
under the light shade of Cassia javanica. They did fairly well the first
season, but gradually declined during the passage of the years, and all
collapsed but two small pieces. Some few years ago I found out that they
had been collected near the sea shore, growing in rocks exposed to the
torrid sun. I promptly took these pieces from the baskets, cut away all
JANUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13-
effete matter, washed and tied them to smooth, very hard wood pieces, and.
hung them out in an ardent sunshine, and there they have remained for
the past three years, increasing in size and flowering freely. Would I had
known the trick sooner, for they are lovely things; and I miss my other ten
plants exceedingly—but experience teaches as nothing else does.
The following Dendrobes are grown in precisely the same manner
described for D. taurinum, to wit: D. formosum, D. Bensoni, D. crystal-
linum, D. aureum philippinense, D. Johannis, D. Phalenopsis, D..
superbiens, D. bigibbum, D. albosanguineum, D. Draconis, and D.
Goldiei. This latter plant seems like a glorified form of D. superbiens,
with wider sepals and petals and a richer and purer colour, otherwise there~
is little to distinguish it. Its vegetative aspect appears to me to be
identical. In a batch of some dozen plants of D. superbiens I find con-
siderable variations, a few having rather narrow segments, somewhat twisted,
and comparatively poor in colour, a rather mottled pallid tone, while others.
are nearly equal in richness of tone to D. Goldiei, but not quite, for it is
facile princeps of the three, and no collection should lack this fine plant
where heat and sunshine can be provided. I have said ‘‘ of the three,”
meaning D. Goldiei, D. bigibbum, and D. superbiens, as I think D.
Phalznopsis is entitled to a class by itself, with its many varietal forms.
The nobile section, including the many hybrids, is treated with some-
slight difference, being carried under light shade during the dry early spring
months, where the young leads would burn if left in company with those~
above mentioned, but as soon as the rains are well in they are removed to
full sun, as the high degree of saturation modifies the effect of the sun’s-
rays. This also applies to D. Wardianum. The Philippine D. superbum
is grown in slightly more than moderate shade, in company with D..
thyrsiflorum and others of the evergreen section, but is removed to the
cooler sunlight of December when the leaves commence to yellow off. In
this way the stems ripen and never fail to bloom abundantly if strong.
Similar treatment is given to D. Pierardii ; more light, however, is provided
for D. primulinum and D. Parishii. D. Maccarthiz is a puzzle, remaining
about at a standstill for three years, after having tried it every way but in
full sun, which it is evident it will not bear. D.luteolum and D. lituiflorum
seem to do best all the year through in very light shade, also D. amcenum. .
D. Brymerianum, I fear, I must dub a beast, and conclude it has a hard
time of it in its native habitat. Possibly that it why it is scarce.
Perhaps of all the Dendrobes the hybrids are the most completely
satisfying, providing abundance of beautiful flowers from the early spring
months until the end of April or May, January being spring here. D.
pallens is an exquisite thing ; indeed these hybrid Dendrobes should not be
allowed to fade away in Britain—as seems to be the tendency—their light, .
“4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Janvary, 1915.
airy grace and tender.colouring not being equalled by the massive and more
formal Cattleyas. Mixed collections in flower, including even small or
curious botanical species, are more artistic, instructive and interesting than
the somewhat monotonous assemblage of Cattleyas, no matter how
gorgeous their colouring may be.
Just now I note in flower in my corridor or piazza, Stanhopea sp. from
Peru, the latest flowering Stanhopea I have, and very fragrant. Dendrobium
Goldiei, D. bigibbum, D. superbiens, D. Phalzenopsis, the winter- flowering
form of D. formosum, D. mutabile, Trichopilia sp. collected by the writer
in woods near Panama, -Aspasia sp. from the same region, Angraecum
pellucidum, Coelogyne speciosa, C. Mayeriana, Calanthe vestita and
varieties, Aérides Lawrencez, Vanda lamellata Boxallii, Chondrorhyncha
Lipscombiz, collected near Panama, Oncidium Kramerianum, O.
iridifolium, Bulbophyllum sp., Phaius sp. from Amboyna, flowers pure
white with yellow on lip, Brassia Lanceana, Brassavola nodosa, a very
large variety from Panama, a pretty Gongora I collected in Veraguas near
the coast, a Cycnoches or two, and some interesting Catasetums, which
quickly attract the bright emerald-coloured bees which are never seen till
the Catasetums come into flower. I am sure this modest flowering affords
me more pleasure and interest than the same number of the most gorgeous
Cattleyas.
AERIDES LAWRENCE4, a lovely thing, and perhaps the finest species of
the genus, is grown in a Spanish cedar box, perforated at the bottom and
sides with a number of inch holes, and filled with good-sized pieces of brick
or stone. All the strong-growing species are managed in the same way, in
moderate shade, giving no trouble whatever, and the smaller growers in
blocks, hung up in light shade, and Saccolabiums similarly, with the
exception of S. Blumei, which appears to do better in perforated boxes with
rubble. Vanda suavis, V. tricolor, V. luzonica, and V. Lowii, also
Stauropsis lissochiloides, are treated in the same way.
Vanda teres in a box with rubble and leaf mould, with eight foot rods
nailed to the corners of the box, up which the plant has climbed and made
many branches, is standing in fuli sun the year through. Last season I
think fifty or a hundred flowers were open at the same time, as there are
some twenty-five branches and stems to my largest plant. Renanthera
coccinea 1s managed in the same way. This, however, is yet but a modest
plant some three feet high, and has not flowered. R. Storiei came to me
from the Philippines about eight years ago, and, as the plants had
suffered greatly in transit, and having but few roots, it took considerable
time before they got strong enough to flower. Now, however, they are
tremendous affairs, the highest being seven feet with several branches, and
the stems almost as thick as one’s finger. Very grand they are when in
JaNuARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15
flower, and grown in precisely the same way as R. coccinea, but with a
little shade during the hottest and driest weather. Amateurs should try
this fine plant. I do not observe any notices of its being much grown in
Britain. I will gladly exchange a good 2$ or 3-foot piece, well rooted, for
a plant of Vanda Hookeriana, which I do not possess.
I have a modest plant of Vanda (Renanthera) Lowii, received from
England two years ago, and grown in the same way as the larger Aérides ; it
appears to be quite free. V. Amesiana, V. Kimballiana, V. coerulea,
Renanthera Imschootiana, and Aérides Vandarum languished and
promised a collapse, so they were removed to Orizaba at 4000 feet, and
have done splendidly. All are in full sun there, and strictly on long blocks,
covering the same with roots, and thriving with many in the free air. I
must not omit to say that Vanda ceerulescens—a pretty slow grower—does
here finely in company with Vanda teres, tied to the block. Medium-sized
imported plants take about three years to get into really good condition,
capable of producing fine flowers as grown here. With us here, V.
Roxburghii is tiresomely slow, and roots very slowly.
Vanda Sanderiana—ah! I pause a moment to take breath—truly a
stubborn beast. It gets from roo to 120 inches of rainfall per annum,
sunlight or light shade as seems to be necessary, and the rains are
distributed over eight months of the year, with a few showers during the
dry season for good measure—that is all the water it gets(?) To this I
may add a range of temperatures of from 70° to 95° F. for eight months
and during the cooler months 60° to 80° as extremes. And of a verity my
best plant has made three pairs of healthy leaves and a fair root growth—
not a rotten one on the plant. It has actually accomplished all this in the
trifle of seven years and eight months, to be very exact, and has flowered
once. Is the game worth the candle? or what is the matter? My
correspondent—an old friend, very competent and thoroughly reliable—
collected my plants in Mindanas, and described minutely the conditions
under which they were growing in company with Aérides Lawrencez.
These conditions I have duplicated apparently, so I repeat, what is the
matter? as their companion, A. Lawrencea, is a perfectly well-behaved
Orchid.
Other Philippine sorts—warm growers—prosper exceedingly, such as
Vanda lamellata and its variety Boxallii, V. luzonica, a recent introduc.
tion, Aérides quinquevulnera, Cymbidium pendulum—broad leaved variety
—Gramatophyllum Measuresianum, Platyclinis glumacea, P. filiformis,
P. Cobbiana, P. latifolia, and another species I do not know the name of.
These latter are grown in baskets with polypodium fibre, surfaced with a
short-growing native moss, and keep in excellent health, increasing yearly
and flowering quite up to the mark. Some other species and genera
received from the same source do equally well. All plants on blocks are —
tied exclusively with the black fibre of Arenga saccharifera, a palm
introduced here by me many years ago—I believe the most lasting fibre
known and certainly far better than wire.
Phalznopsis I have abandoned, as every effort to protect them against
certain winged insects has proved futile. Cattleyas and Lelias I tried
years ago, but heat, excessive moisture, black rot, and minute maggots —
attacking the new growths put an end to the experiment, so the wreckage
was removed to Orizaba where they have recovered and again become good
flowering plants. I must except Lelia rubescens, which does well enough,
also Brassavola Digbyana and B. glauca. |
The warm-growing Ccelogynes, to wit, C. pandurata, C. Mayeriana, —
C. tomentosa, C. speciosa, C. asperata, C. Micholitzii, C.. Dayana, and C. a
Massangeana are quite at home, and no insects seem to care for them.
OncipiuMm LaNCEANUM was sent to me by a Trinidad correspondent,
and with this plant I started out with high hopes, the conditions being |
similar. Does it flourish? Nota bit of it. It broke all the rules, took on
spot, got watery in the shade or burnt in the sun, stood stock still in half —
shade, invited every bug or other insect within striking distance to its —
embrace, then tried to flower at half cock and made a mess of it. The
plants were grown on blocks, and at times made three and four foot long ~
roots, but lost them for some occult reason. Last spring I removed these ~
plants, i articulo mortis, to Orizaba, and singularly enough they have |
recovered, made thick unblemished leaves and good sound roots. How
they will withstand the chilly nights of December and January I cannot —
guess, but for their sins here they will have to suffer, unaided by me.’ And
anomalous enough it is to see them at present (November) in such con.
tentment with Cattleya citrina, Lelia majalis, and Epidendrum vitellinum
—perhaps a fool’s paradise, who knows ?
ONCIDIUM PAPILIO does well here on blocks, if watched carefully to see
;
16 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915 —
that the wood does not become sour nor decay. Prompt reblocking keeps —
them going—though they are much affected by a small white scale, also
the deadly attacks of a small insect known here as the vanilla fly, which
forms a little colony on the under side of the leaves and remains until the
juices of the leaves are exhausted, the effect being like a bad case of thrips-
Washing at intervals with soap and water has to be done, and is effectual-
Thus attended to they keep on flowering at intervals from the same flowef
stalk. Some forms are better than others, larger or smaller zones of
yellow on the large labellum, some brighter than others; altogether one of
the most striking of Orchids.
I collected the closely allied O. Kramerianum some three years since
in very damp lofty forests a few miles from Puerto Limon in Costa Rica-
January, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17
This species is decidedly easier to grow here. Why neither scale nor
Vanilla fly attack it is a mystery.
I have mentioned Chondrorhyncha Lipscombiz. This I collected in shady
woods about the centre of the Isthmus of Panama, not five miles from the
Railway. I found but two little colonies, and diligent search for many days
subsequently failed to reveal others, though two nice masses of Catasetum
scurra were bagged. C. Lipscombiz isa gem. It is a little tufted plant,
which might easily be overlooked in the forests unless in bloom. The
flowers are white, quite large for so small a plant, and the lip large, and
Fig. 2. CHONDRORHYNCHA LIPSCOMBIA.
faintly rayed and edged with violet or purple. It grows easily on a block
in damp shade. Catasetum scurra is very distinct from most Catasetums,
and has drooping racemes with greenish-white flowers, and for its fragrance
alone it should command a place amongst choice plants. It grows well on
a block in the sun, and endures nearly five months dry season in the
Pacific side of Panama and the Veraguas province. There are geographical
forms of this species, perhaps requiring slightly different treatment as to
period of resting.
Those who grow Orchids under glass in the Boreal north must not
think it is all beer and skittles growing them in the open in the tropics.
There are mysteries to clear up. Even some of the Orchids of the district
become rebellious once removed from the live bark upon which they are
found growing. Such common things as Epidendrum atropurpureum and
E. Stamfordianum begin to decline after the first or second season unless
18 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915.
reblocked on very hard wood just at the right time. Insects whose name is
legion have to be considered, thrips, red spider, scale, larve, &c., have to be
fought to the death, though vigorous well-grown plants are the least likely
to be troubled. On the other hand there are no costly structures to
consider, no fuel bills, no ventilators to be watched; nature provides both
ample shade and the maximum of sunshine; the heavens do the watering, I
will attest; and the net result for the lovers of this fascinating order of ©
plants is the same: A perennial source of pleasure and interest.
Buena Ventura, Cascafal, J. C. Harvey.
South Mexico.
ae OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.
By W. H. TE, for many years rier rey to the
C.V.O.
late ee ‘Trevor Lawrence, Bart
OR the benefit of new readers of the Orchid Review, of which I trust
S there will be many, especially young beginners in Orchid culture, I
may commence by stating that I group the various structures in which the
plants are grown into five divisions, namely: East Indian or hottest house,
Cattleya house, Mexican house, Intermediate house, and Odontoglossum
or Cool house, their respective temperatures for the present time being 60°
to 65°, 55° to 60°, about 55°, 50° to 55°, and about 50°, the lower figures
for night temperatures as maintained by fire heat, or a few degrees less
during exceptionally severe nights, when the houses, owing to the unusual
amount of fire-heat, are, comparatively speaking, dry, the higher by day, or
a few degrees higher by sun-heat, which is beneficial to the inmates of all
the houses.
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS.—Up to the time of writing the weather has
been comparatively mild, and, with a moderate use of fire-heat, no difficulty
has been experienced in maintaining an evenly-balanced atmosphere in the
various divisions; at the same time a splendid opportunity has been
afforded to allow a free circulation of air, both night and day, an agent
which, as every cultivator knows, is essential to the healthy development of
the plants. Fresh air in moderation Orchids must have, as without it they
do not thrive for long, and insufficient ventilation is, doubtless, one of the
principal causes of spot and other forms of disease so often found amongst
the plants. As an instance, only a short time ago I had the privilege of
being shown through a well-known collection of Orchids; one small house
being filled with moderate-sized plants of Vanda coerulea, and it was :
pointed out that on a number of the young or topmost leaves a kind of
‘watery exudation had recently made its appearance.
tion was at once suspected as the cause and an increase of top air was
Insufficient ventila-
4
}
&
JANUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19
suggested. This advice was at once carried out, at the same time the
atmosphere of the house being kept somewhat drier, and after a few days it
‘was seen that the marks in the leaves had dried up, and the disease was
checked. I mention this principally to show that much good may be
accomplished by anyone who will try to find out, and remedy the causes
of failure.
Should mild weather continue, much caution will be required in the
regulation of the various houses or divisions, as owing to the smaller amount
of fire-heat required to keep up the desired temperatures, an over-abundance
.of moisture in the air is likely to exist, to counteract which the hot-water
pipes should be made a trifle warmer, and more fresh air supplied.
In the five houses or divisions mentioned, almost every Orchid can be
grown more or less well, but where a large number of some particular class
has to be grown, it is advisable to give them a structure to themselves.
‘Thus in many gardens there will be, besides those mentioned, a
Phalenopsis house, a Dendrobium house, a Cymbidium house, &e. If
any grower possessing only the five divisions mentioned should at any time
find me advising the growing of a particular species or hybrid in one of the
last-named houses, he may take it for granted that in some part of his
houses conditions almost identical with those advised can be found.
At this particular period it will be noticeable in some collections that a
few of the plants do not look quite so robust as they did at the end of the
summer. Some may have their foliage looking rather more yellow than
usual, others have their pseudobulbs slightly shrivelled, especially those
that have bloomed during the past month or so. In such cases heavy
-waterings are too often afforded, in order to speedily make them green and
plump, but such treatment should be avoided, as it invariably ends in the
destruction of the roots, and in many cases brings disease into the leaves
and pseudobulbs. A safe practice is to keep the plants rather on the dry
side until growth or root action recommences, trusting principally to the
maintenance of a genial atmosphere to pass them safely through the winter
months.
CALANTHES.—From the middle of November to the end of the present
month the different varieties of Calanthe of the vestita section will have
‘been in bloom, and as the spikes are cut the short period of rest for the
plants will commence. It will then be necessary to thoroughly harden and
mature the pseudobulbs, so that, when the growing season commences, the
new growths will start with increased vigour. Immediately the spikes are
cut, water should be entirely withheld from the roots, and the plants may
be placed on a dry shelf close to the roof glass of the house in which they
have been growing, where they will obtain the benefit of all sunlight.
Before putting the plants away in their resting quarters it is advisable to
20 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915,
closely examine and thoroughly clear the pseudobulbs from all scale insects.
The late-flowering varieties of the C. Regnieri section, as C. Sanderiana,.
C. Stevensii, C. nivalis, C. Williamsii, &c., that bloom during the spring
months, must still be treated as were those of the C. vestita section before
their flowers open, that is, to afford them water occasionally, but not keep:
them too wet. If stood upon the stage, the spikes, after several flowers have
opened, may be gently bent or tied over, so as to show the flowers off to the
best advantage, or the plants may be stood upon the ground in a suitable
position, away from draughts from the ventilators, and intermixed with
Maiden-hair ferns. By arranging them in this way their strong arching
spikes produce a charming effect. By being gradually bent over in their
earlier stages the flower spikes of these Calanthes are extremely useful for
decorative purposes generally.
PLATYCLINIS.—At this period of the year plants of the graceful spring-
flowering Platyclinis glumacea will have commenced pushing up new
growths, and should be brought well up to the roof glass of the Cattleya or
Intermediate house. The pretty P. uncata will now be flowering from its
half-grown breaks, and at this particular time, when it has to support its
many flowers, and also to continue growing, abundance of water must be
given to assist it. Both plants need plenty of moisture all through the
growing period, and either, if they require it, may be afforded fresh rooting
material at any time between the fading of the flowers and the finishing up
of growth. Well-drained shallow pans that may be suspended from the
roof, and a mixture of fibrous peat or osmunda fibre, with the addition of a
little chopped sphagnum moss, will suit their requirements. The summer-
flowering P. filiformis, being now at rest, should have its thin grass-like
foliage sprayed over occasionally to keep it free from red-spider. All
Platyclinis thrive well in the temperature advised for P. glumacea.
MiLTonias.—All the species and natural hybrids of the Brazilian section
of Miltonias, which include such well-known kinds as M. spectabilis and its
variety Moreliana, should be examined to see if any of the plants are in
need of more pot room, as the present is the proper season to repot them.
Being dwarf plants they are best grown in shallow pans, which, with
suitable copper wire handles attached, are easily suspended from the roof ~
glass. As the new growths extend themselves rapidly in every direction,
they require considerable space wherein to grow. All old and useless.
pseudobulbs should be cut away, and the growing pieces made up afresh.
Those pieces which have but few roots to hold them steady should be
pegged firmly down to the compost, as they will not succeed if at all loose.
M. Regnellii, M. Clowesii, M. Russelliana, M. bicolor, M. Lamarcheana,.
and M. candida, with its variety grandiflora, being larger plants, are best
grown in pots. The white-lipped M. cuneata is among the best of this:
a
Fe et eae ee Te PC Se Se Re a ee eee ee
JANuARY, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21
‘section, but the plant should not be disturbed now, as its flower spikes are
well advanced. The whole of these Brazilian Miltonias will grow satis-
factorily in a rather shady part of the Intermediate house. The plants
certainly appreciate light, but direct sunshine often causes the foliage to
become more yellow than is desirable. The pots or pans should be at
least two-thirds full of drainage, and for a compost use hard coarse
osmunda fibre, which should be cut up moderately fine, and be packed
rather firmly around the rhizome ofthe plant. When repotting keep each
plant elevated just a little above the rim of the pot, with the base of the
leading growth just touching the compost, so that the young breaks now
pushing will be free from anything likely to rot them. After repotting it is
important to watch and see that the numerous small roots that will soon
be pushing out from the growths are in no way injured or devoured by
insects. For a month or two water must be afforded with great care, as
the young growths are liable to decay if too much be given, but when
re-established in the new compost the plants should be kept moist, and a
‘little extra water may be afforded to each plant when the flower spikes
‘appear.
Caias.—An interesting and pretty species which is in bloom at this
season is Coelia bella, its purple-tipped sepals and lip of canary yellow
being very attractive. C, Baueriana and C. macrostachya are also worth
attention. These Ccelias: grow well in the ordinary Intermediate house,
preferring a light position at all times. After the plants have flowered, the
new growths readily start away, and quickly form young roots, and then it
is advisable to repot, if the plants require it. The pots should be about
half-full of drainage, with coarse osmunda fibre packed firmly around the
base of the plant for the roots to ramble into. Water should be liberally
afforded whilst growth is being made, but when at rest very little moisture
is necessary.
CaLocyNEes.—Another Orchid also in bloom is the rare Coelogyne
Mooreana. Its upright spikes of white and yellow flowers are very lovely,
and they last a very long time in good condition. It is certainly a plant that
deserves a place in every collection, however select it may be. The plant
is quite easy to cultivate, requiring an intermediate temperature, and a
well-drained compost of osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss to root in.
The proper time to repot the plant is soon after the flowers have faded.
Keep it always in a moderately-shaded position, and afford plenty of water
during the growing season, and at other times the compost should be kept
moist. Plants of the well-known C. cristata that have their flower spikes
well advanced should be kept carefully watered, as over-watering or
sprinkling the bloom spikes may cause them to decay. C. elata and C.
ocellata are also pushing up their flower spikes, and need to be copiously
22 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915. —
watered till the flowers fade. Species that have bloomed recently, as C-.
Rossiana, C. graminifolia, C. sulphurea, and C. Cumingii may be repotted |
if they require it. Plants of C. flaccida (Intermediate house), C-
Massangeana, and C. tomentosa (Warm house) are at rest, requiring very
little water at the root before the flower spikes appear, or growth
recommences.
ZYGOPETALUMS.—Such Intermediate house plants as Zygopetalum —
Mackayi, Z. crinitum, the rare Z. Ballii, and others of this section should |
be repotted, if necessary, as they pass out of flower. As the two former
species produce numerous large Cattleya-like roots, they need rather large
pots, which, it is very important, should be well drained. Fibrous loam,
chopped osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss, in equal proportions, with
plenty of broken crocks, well mixed together, form a suitable compost for
all of these species and their hybrids to root in. Such scandent-growing
species as Z. maxillare, and its variety Gautieri, with the rare white-lipped —
Z. Sanderianum, should now be attended to, as they will be starting into —
growth. Avoid disturbing these plants more than necessary, for if once
they are removed from the blocks of tree-fern stems, or whatever their
roots may be clinging to, they are not very easy to re-establish. A good
method is to firmly fix a new piece of tree-fern on to the top of the old
piece, and the young-growing rhizomes quickly take hold of the added —
portion. These plants when well flowered, are always appreciated, and: :
the flowers, even when cut, last a long time in good condition. These —
Zygopetalums grow freely when suspended well up to the roof glass in a4
moderately-shaded position in the Intermediate house, and kept well a
supplied with water at all times, which may easily be done by lightly
spraying them overhead every morning, and again early in the afternoom
when the weather is fine.
obtain a foothold in the young growths it is difficult to eradicate them, and
the fresh green-growing shoots become irretrievably ruined, therefore all :
through the growing period these destructive insect pests must be -
persistently sought after and destroyed. Whether thrips be present oF
not it is advisable that whenever a house is being vaporised the plants
should be subjected to the fumes, as this will check and prevent their —
increase. This practice cannot be too deeply impressed on the mind of the —
young beginner, because if such work is neglected until the young growing
shoots become infested with these tiny
from their attack.
CooL HouSsE.—Plants of Odontoglossum Edwardii, or of its hybrids,
which have recently bloomed and are starting well into growth should be
If such plants as are well established, having sufficient
attended to.
rooting space and the drainage ascertained to be in good condition, a top~
Thrips are their greatest enemies, and once they —
insects, the growths seldom recover
er ae a eT NTT
|
January, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23-
dressing with a mixture of osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss will suffice,.
but if the drainage is imperfect, or the compost sour, then the plant must
be repotted. Afford plenty of drainage materials, and after repotting keep-
the surface of the compost just moist until new roots are seen pushing their
way into it. Small, well-rooted plants of O. Edwardii, having the surface
of the compost in a fresh, healthy condition, and the growing sphagnum
moss closely clipped down on to the soil, form a very suitable place to sow
seed on of almost all cool-growing Orchids. The seeds should be spread.
very carefully and thinly over the surface, and be kept fairly moist at all
times. A small propagating case at the warmest end of the Cool house is a-
suitable place until the young seedlings make their appearance, and after a.
short time the seed pots may be removed and placed in a somewhat lighter
position in the same house, where they can be conveniently attended to.
Should damp appear among the small seedlings during their early stages,.
it is advisable to remove them to a more airy position, and to elevate them
a trifle nearer to the roof glass, and at the same time to keep them less.
moist.
SOPHRONITIS.—In this house plants of the glowing scarlet Sophronitis-
grandiflora will now be in bloom, and few if any Orchids produce a more
brilliant effect than well-flowered plants of this species. The plants are
best grown in well-drained shallow pans, using but a very thin layer of
osmunda fibre for them to root in. Repotting may be done as soon as-
growth commences, or immediately after the flowers fade. During growth
they need to be well supplied with water, less sufficing when the small.
pseudobulbs are fully made up. S. cernua, now seldom seen in bloom,.
requires the same treatment, but large flat imported pieces thrive best
when fastened to teak boards, with a little compost to assist in keeping
them moist. S. violacea, which is a pretty little species, does better when
grown in the coolest part of the Intermediate house.
THE VIGOUR OF HyBriDs.—Can you tell me, asks a correspondent, why
it is that primary hybrids are nearly always more vigorous than their
parents? We believe it is due to the reaction caused by differences in the
constitutions and habits of the two parents, which sets up a constant
stimulus to development. It is precisely parallel with the well-known
benefits secured by cross-fertilisation. Darwin regarded it as essentially
related to the principle of life, this principle, according to Mr. Herbert
Spencer, consisting in ‘‘ the incessant action and reaction of various forces,
which, as throughout nature, are always tending towards an equilibrium;
and when this tendency is slightly disturbed by any change the vital forces
gain in power.’’ Crossing secures those changes in the conditions of life.
which are believed to benefit all living things.
“24 -_THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915.
COS
Seo
ORCHIDS AT CHELTENHAM.
RECENTLY had the pleasure of spending an interesting and profitable
afternoon in the famous Nurseries of Messrs. Cypher & Sons, at
‘Cheltenham. In all there are about 20 houses devoted to the culture of
Orchids, and of course at this season Cypripediums occupy a prominent
place, and few plants can equal them in regard to their lasting qualities.
To say that there was a fine show is only a moderate estimate, for they
were here by the hundred, as a matter of fact Mr. Cypher had the blooms
counted, and they reached a total of over 3,500, without the numerous buds
_just ready to expand.
The best forrns of Cypripedium insigne are largely grown, and the
beautiful variety Sanderz contributed to the varied display with upwards
-of 200 of its primrose yellow and white blooms. C. insigne Harefield Hall
also was conspicuous with about 150 flowers, and the same remark applies
to the varieties Sanderianum, Cobbianum, Ernestii, Kathleen Corser, and
Oddity, of which latter the curious blossoms appeal to many. Other
desirable Cypripedes noted are Euryades, the charming Boltonii with many
twin-flowered scapes, aureum in variety, which gave promise of a fine —
display later on, the distinct fulshawense, Eboriacum, of the Harefield
Hall type, the true Prospero majus with its delicate flowers, Mr. F. Sander,
‘Curtmani, the richly-coloured Tityus superbum and Milo with twin-
flowered spikes, the exquisite Niobe Westonbirt var., Mme. Jules Hye, the
fine Thalia Mrs. F. Wellesley, and the closely-allied Elatior, Minos Youngii,
-and a host of other good things too numerous to mention.
To one like myself who is interested in seedlings, alarge batch blooming
for the first time attracted considerable attention. Many will be seen at
the exhibitions as they become stronger and fully developed, and a few
most promising crosses were: Leeanum Clinkaberryanum xX Clio, a fine
flower with massive bold dorsal sepal; nitens magnificum xX A®son
giganteum, which has a large number of reddish spots on the white ground
of the dorsal sepal; Niobe x Fairrieanum, like a good edition of the
former, and Earl of Tankerville x Euryades, also a notable hybrid.
In another division I saw the popular Cypripedium Leeanum in great
variety, especially fine being the varieties Clinkaberryanum, the true Corona,
Gratrixiz, and giganteum. There were many large specimens on view, each
with 16 or more beautiful flowers. Then the different forms of C. Actzeus
¥
-called for notice, particularly the distinct Mrs. Page, with a large area of |
white on the slightly incurved dorsal sepal, the pale Milky Way, A. J-
Balfour, and Drewett’s var., all excellent in their way. One grand feature
January, rgzs.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25
here is that each section or kind is grouped together, which renders
comparison quite easy. All the Cypripedium family are extraordinarily
well grown, and Mr. Cypher is to be heartily congratulated on such
remarkable achievements.
The reader must not assume from these remarks that Cypripediums are
the only Orchids cultivated successfully, for a high standard of culture is
maintained all round, especially with the labiata section of Cattleya, the
species of which will give a good account of themselves in due season.
Among the Leliocattleyas in flower was a splendid variety of Charles-
worthii, and L.-c. Clive, while the Calanthes were pushing up robust
spikes, and just opening their flowers. The chaste C. Harrisii was much in
evidence. Catasetum macrocarpum and Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus
were also in bloom.
Of the Lzlias special mention should be made, especially the white
forms of L. anceps, which were pushing up spikes in great profusion, while
the coloured forms were already producing a brilliant display. Other
Lzlias were Gouldiana, albida, and autumnalis. Phaiocymbidium
chardwarense was interesting with its erect scape of deep yellow flowers,
and Bonatea speciosa was pushing up three strong spikes. A well-grown
batch of Ccelogyne intermedia, a hybrid raised by Mr. Cypher from C.
cristata Lemoniana, and C. Massangeana was also noted. The pretty
Epiphronitis Veitchii is growing freely, and a few examples were in bloom:
Bulbophyllums and Cirrhopetalums are included, and among the former
was B. Careyanum, which had several of its dense spikes of brownish
flowers. Masdevallia tovarensis, an excellent species for winter-flowering, was
making a beautiful display, while the quaint M. muscosa and M. Peristeria
were noted among the very complete collection of this interesting genus.
Dendrobium Phalznopsis is grown in quantity, and there were several
varieties of merit, notably delicata and alba. Of those not in bloom D.
Thwaitesii Veitch’s var. calls for special mention, for a nice stock of this
brilliant yellow Dendrobe is being worked up and each bulb shows an
improvement upon its predecessor. Another choice plant was [D). Dalhou-
nobile, which is in a most healthy condition. Large batches of Vanda
teres gigantea and V. coerulea are grown, and the same can be said of
Odontoglossums, the showy scarlet Odontiodas, Phaius, Lycastes, especially
L. Skinneri alba, Sophronitis grandiflora, Oncidiums, the long arching
sprays of O. varicosum being much admired, and Miltonia vexillaria in variety-
In conclusion I must mention the fine Anguloa Cliftonii, the pretty
little pink Selenipedium Schlimii, and the charming Ornithidium
Sophronitis, which is very attractive when studded with its rather small
red flowers. Throughout the establishment good culture was in evidence,
and it was indeed a pleasure to visit such a nursery. 1s Wa Bs
26 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1915-
Bigg SOCIETIES. lea
RoyvaAL HorRTICULTURAL.
+ MEETING was held in the Royal Horticultural Hall, on December —
1st, when there was a moderate display of Orchids, largely from trade _
exhibitors, and the awards consisted of four medals, and one Award of Merit. —
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, W. H. White,
J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, R. A. Rolfe, W. Cobb,
F. M. Ogilvie, J. Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, W. P. Bound, A. Dye,
J. E. Shill, S. W. Flory, R. Brooman White, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent Cattleya —
Ballantineana, C. Venus Brackenhurst var., with copper yellow sepals and —
petals, and a ruby red lip, a pretty albino from C. labiata Purity and C. ©
Gaskelliana alba, and a good example of Lzliocattleya Ilione, in which the —
characters of L.-c. Dominiana and C. Bowringiana are combined.
His Grace The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace (gr. Mr. —
Hunter), sent Brassocattleya Ida (B.-c. Pluto x C. Dowiana aurea), having —
_ greenish yellow sepals and petals mottled with rose, and a richly-coloured lip. ;
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group —
of Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, including L.-c. Britannia alba, with pure
white sepals and petals ; also some promising seedling Miltonias, Odonticdas, —
Odontoglossums, and a richly-coloured Oncidioda Cooksoniz, and others
(Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group of species and 7
-hybrids, including Houlletia Sanderi, Oncidium anthrocrene, Ccelogyne
Mooreana, with some good Cypripediums, Cattleyas, and Leliocattleyas,
among them being several promising seedlings (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a bright group
of Cattleyas and Lzlias, with Vanda Sanderiana and ccerulea, Dendrobium —
Phalenopsis hololeucum, Sophrocatlelia Lycia (L.-c. Cranstounie X
Sophronitis grandiflora), and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
several good Cattleya Fabia, a home-raised C. Hardyana, Sophrocattleya '
Pearl, and several good Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, and Cypripediums
(Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Twyford, sent Cattleya O’Brieniana alba
with a six-flowered spike, and a fine Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes.
Messrs. Flory and Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent the fine Cypri-. |
pedium Thalia Veitch’s variety, C. Germaine Opoix, and others.
at
See
Au iil
a a i ae
a SRR ee aoe egal ae: Wice Sera Ps ass ES lee Pe ee
January, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a fine Cattleya Dowiana aurea
from home-raised seeds, and several good Cattleyas and Cypripediums.
AWARD OF MERIT.
BRASSOCATTLEYA ADMIRAL JELLICOE VAR. Pink Peart (C. Roths-
childiana x B.-c. Veitchii).—A particularly well-shaped form, with soft
rose-colouring, and a primrose yellow disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Stuart
Low & Co.
At the meeting held on December 15th there was a good display, and
the awards consisted of four medals, one Award of Merit, and one Cultural
Commendation.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), G. Wilson, W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, J. W-
Potter, F. J. Hanbury, A. McBean, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher,
W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, J. E. Shill, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye, W. H.-
White, S. W. Flory, S. Low, and Sir Harry J. Veitch.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent a handsome
seedling Odontoglossum, and a richly-coloured Lzeliocattleya derived from
L.-c. Dominiana X unknown.
R. W. Rickards, Esq., The Priory, Usk, sent Odontoglossum
Rickardsiz (Rossii x percultum), with spotted sepals, and rose-purple
petals and lip, with a yellow crest, Cypripedium Suzanne (glaucophyllum
x Fairreanum), C. Priory Beauty (aureum X Antinous), C. nito-Cynthia,
and C. Keeleyi, said to be C. gigas x Fairrieanum, but the latter not obvious.
W. Bolton, Esq.; Wilderspool, Warrington, showed flowers of several
seedlings from Cypripedium Boltonii, differing somewhat in shape, but
retaining the white colour.
Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper (gr. Mr. Salter), showed the
handsome Odontoglossum percultum Cobb’s var.
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent Sophro-
cattleya Annette (C. granulosa X 5. grandiflora), having rose-red flowers,
~ with a yellow throat, and Odontoglossum Lambeauianum Goodson’s var.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent the dark
Odontioda Brunette, with chocolate purple flowers.
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
a very finely-grown plant of Cypripedium Moonbeam, with three flowers.
k. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington), sent Cattleya
Pretoria (Peetersii x Dowiana aurea), having rose-coloured sepals and
petals, shaded with yellow, and a crimson lip with yellow veining, two
Maggie-Raphael alba, Sophrocattleya Ruby, and others.
A. J. W. Warren, Esq., The Cedars, Epsom (gr. Mr. Bridges), sent a
good seedling form of Lzliocattleya Clive.
28 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Janvary, 1915. |
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, ~
including several well-grown Calanthe Veitchii, Miltonia Bleuana and St.- ;
Andre, Ccelogyne Gardneri, Lzliocattleya bella alba, and L.-c. Cornelia —
(L. Golden-Oriole x C. Empress-Frederick), a beautiful yellow hybrid —
(Silver Flora Medal). 4
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group of ;
Cypripediums, including forms of C. insigne and C. Leeanum, and choice —
hybrids, one fine form being derived from C. Beryl and C. Euryades.
There were also a few good Masdevallias (Silver Flora Medal). q
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including a row q
of well-grown Lelia Gouldiana at the back, with Ansellia africana,
Pleurothallis Roezlii, various Lzliocattleyas and Odontoglossums, and
several interesting species (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, showed a pretty little group,
including Vanda Sanderiana and ccerulea, a fine Cattleya Peetersii, two
white forms of C. labiata, Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra,
Cypripedium Tracyanum, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). q
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent Leliocattleya
Bola, with white sepals and petals and a dark purple lip, L.-c. Barbarossa, |
Stanhopea Wardii, and the rare Cirrhopetalum brunnescens.
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent a good form of Sophro- —
cattleya Pearl (S.-c. Doris x C. Portia).
AWARD OF MERIT.
L#LIOCATTLEYA SIR DouGtas Hate (L.-c. Greenwoodii x C. Octave-
Doin).—A beautiful hybrid, having broad white sepals and petals, and the
lip rich purple in front, with a yellow disc and the side lobes veined with
rose. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons.
CULTURAL COMMENDATION.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM LEONARD PERFECT.—To Mr. J. E. Shill, gr.
to Baron Bruno Schréder, for a remarkably well-grown specimen, bearing
two spikes of 14 and 15 flowers.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December
3rd, 1914, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Cromble-
holme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, Ti
Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod,
W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, P. Smith, Z. A. Ward, G.
Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch —
(gr. Mr. Gilden); Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby),
and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine miscellaneous groups, in
JANUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 29;
all of which Cypripediums formed a conspicuous feature, whilst the last-
named contained several promising seedlings.
Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange
(gr. Mr. Howes), Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton),
H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. W. Eastwood), Messrs. Sander &
Sons, St. Albans, and Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, for choice
mixed groups.
A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), for a group of well-grown Vanda coerulea, the
flowers being of excellent colour, with a plant of the rare variety Wrigleyi
in the centre.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey
(gr. Mr. E. Thompson), H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea (gr. Mr. Morgan),
and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
Cacieys Lady Joffre (Triane alba X Hardyana alba), having flowers of
good shape and substance, with pure white sepals and petals, and distinct
markings on the lip, from Messrs. Cypher & Sons
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Medusz, Cypripedium King Albert (chrysotoxum xX
Carola), C. Eve Walton Grange var., all from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cypripedium Melas (Priam X Baron Schréder), and Cattleya Murillo
(Maronie X Dowiana aurea), both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium Sanacderze var. Ethel, and C. Queen of the Belgians.
(Cynthia x alportense), both from Messrs. Cypher & Sons.
Cypripedium Duke of Connaught Ward’s var. (Sallieri x Beryl), from
Z. A. Ward, Esq. _
Cypripedium Mars (parentage unknown), from H. J. Bromilow, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers, gardener to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for a group of
Vanda ccerulea.
The meeting held on December 17th was a particularly successful one,
and seventeen exhibitors put in an appearance, ten of whom were amateurs.
The awards consisted of one Gold Medal, three Large Silver Medals, four
Silver Medals, one Bronze Medal, three First-class Certificates, and four-
teen Awards of Merit.
Members of Committee present: Rev. r: Crombleholme (in the Chair),
Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J.
Evans, A. Hanmer, J.. Howes, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W.
Shackleton, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a magnificent group.
3° THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, I9QI5.
of about 150 plants, to which a Gold Medal was awarded. The varieties of
Cypripedium insigne were a feature of the exhibit, including eleven beautiful
yellow forms and many spotted, with a number of splendidly-grown hybrids.
The centre of the group was composed of Lelia anceps and Gouldiana,
with Odontoglossums of the crispum section.
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), for a fine miscellaneous group; Z. A. Ward, Esq.,
Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby), for a group composed principally of
choice Odontoglossums and Cypripediums ; and to Messrs. A. J. Keeling &
Sons, Bradford, for a fine general group.
Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange
(gr. Mr. Howes), and to Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for fine
miscellaneous groups; also to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr.
Mr. Lupton), and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine groups of
Cypripediums.
oe pebuininale
sip tes
Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher), received a Bronze
Medal for a small group, including several choice Cypripediums.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gt.
Mr. Branch), S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown), A. R.
Handley, Esq., Didsbury, the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors,
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, The Liverpool Orchid Co., Gateacre, —
Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, and Mr. J. Birchenall, Alderley Edge, several
of which appear in the list of Certificates (which is held over).
| bt Se @ : }
[ise ORCHIDS IN SEASON. Bsc
EVERAL interesting flowers are sent from the collection of R. G:
Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington).
Cattleya Pretoria (Peetersii x Dowiana aurea) is most like the latter i
shape, and has yellow sepals and petals flushed with rose, and the lip
purple crimson in front, with much yellow at the sides and in the throat.
Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes is a tiny seedling blooming for the first
time. The flower is good in shape, and pure white with a few orange yellow
spots. It should develop into a good thing.
O. Vulture (tigrinum *
Vuylstekei) is also undeveloped, and has flowers heavily blotched with dark
brown on a yellow ground. Sophrocattleya Dorea is from S.-c. Doris
re-crossed with C. Dowiana aurea, and is a small seedling producing its first
flower. The colour is salmon yellow, with a darker lip and some yellow
veining on the sides. The petals are very broad‘and the lip enlarged by the
Cattleya influence. It should develop into a good thing.
January, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31
G) lov
ee ORCHIDS CULTURE IN FLORIDA. les,
UR American friends have a rather wholesale way of watering their
Orchids, and a very old correspondent, Mr. T. L. Mead, Oviedo,
Florida, who has long included a few Orchids among his pets, sends
us the following :—
‘“‘] have arranged a Gasoline (petrol) engine pump and over-head spray
(fine) the whole length of the greenhouse, and also invented an automatic
stop, so that all I have to do is to crank the engine, and leave it. It turns
the spray from side to side of the house, and when the engine thinks the
house is wet enough, it stops of itself! The opinion of the engine is, of
course, an ‘‘inspired” one, and depends on the length of slack cord
attached to the electric switch. I know the European practice would
condemn such uniform watering, but we read that the rain descends upon
the just and the unjust, and my arrangement imitates the natural distribution
of rainfall when the plants are at home. Any plant requiring drought can
be put opposite a plugged nozzle.”
As regards feeding, he remarks: “All summer I have been giving my
Phalznopsis Aphrodite and P. Schilleriana plants a pinch of commercial
fertiliser (intended for garden vegetables) every Sunday. They are
suspended over a tank of water into which some of their roots dip, and they
have grown most surprisingly, and are sending up very sturdy spikes.”
And he concludes: ‘‘ The most interesting Orchid I have flowered was
a Cattleya Triane x Lelia tenebrosa, the first bloom on a plant just
seventeen years old.” It will be a form of Leliocattleya Mabel.
Rees ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. Aa
EETINGS of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, ‘Westminster, on January
5th, roth, and February 2nd. The Orchid Committee will meet at the
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will meet at
the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 7th, 21st, and February 4th.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection
of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m.
HABENARIA HaviLANDII.—A striking Bornean Habenaria has just
flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, which proves to be
32, THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, IQI5-
Habenaria Havilandii, Kranzl. (Orch. Gen. et Sp., i. p. 427), a species
originally collected on limestone at the Sarawak River by Dr. Haviland.
We believe that H. Hewittii, Ridl., described about three years later (Journ.
R. As. Soc. Str., liv. p. 55), is identical. This also came from Sarawak, and
the author described it as the biggest Habenaria he had seen from Borneo,
with stems two feet high, and leaves 12 inches long by 2} inches broad.
The inflorescence bears from fourteen to about twenty flowers, which are
green with a white lip. Two years later Ridley described another Sarawak
species under the name of H. elatius (Sarawak Mus. Journ., il. p- 37)s
which is evidently very nearly allied. Apart from this the species seems to
be an isolated one. R.A.R
ke | ORCHID PORTRAITS.
RASSOCATTLEYA Pink PEARL.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 819; Garden,
1214, p. 601, fig.
CaTTLEYA HARDYANA VAR. RUTHERFORD.—Horticulture, 1914, p. 906, fig-
CATTLEYA LABIATA.-—Orch. World, v. p. 50; fig.
CaTTLEYA SKINNERI (specimen).—Orch. World, v. p. 59, fig.
Cd:LOGYNE CRISTATA.—Orch. World, v. p. 63, fig.
CYPRIPEDIUM BoLtonil.—Journ. Hort., 1914, il. p. 337, fig.
Cypripepium HELEN II. WESTONBIRT VAaR.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p-
391, fig.
CYPRIPEDIUM JAMES BUCKINGHAM.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 390, fig.
CYPRIPEDIUM KING GEORGE V.—TJourn, Hort., 1914, ii. p. 381, fig.
DENDROBIUM BENSONIZ.—Orch. World, v. pp. 58, 60, fig.
DENDROBIUM NOBILE (specimen).—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 343, fig.
ONCIDIUM VARICOsUM.—Orch. World, v. p. 51, fig.; Journ. Hort., 1914,
ii. p. 355, fig.
VANDA SANDERIANA.—Orch. World, v. p. 52, fig.
kd ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 8
rchids are named and questivns answered here as Chad as pueden els nncegaicts are
soguastial to give the native country or parentage of plant An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad pl suhierds pete ba genie Subject t
interest will be dealt with in the body of th the Pe rk] ). Subjects of prey
J.F.S.—Dendrobium ciliatum, Parish, a native oo a
seen before and hope to find a specific name for it lat
-H.—Many thanks for article. Vanda ete aes appears to be very rare in this
country. We believe that it grows in full sun, and ata low elevation in a swa mpy district.
e have received from Francisco Delgado Q., Orchid Collector, Bogot list
of Colcuntin Orchids offered by him for sale. ata cae ah
The Epidendrum we have
5 Che Orchid Review %}
(2 VoL. XXIII... Fepruary, 1915. No. 266. ey
eessess| OUR NOTE BOOK, Ber |
HE time has not come for writing an article on the effect of War upon
Orchidology, but we have received several letters of sympathy with
the owners of ccllections within the war area, especially in Belgium, and of
enquiry as to their safety, to which a reply may be attempted. It is, how-
ever, very difficult to obtain information, as the doings of Orchidists in
other lands have been almost completely cut off by the colossal struggle.
So far as we know these collections are safe, or were so recently, and we
have information in four cases, but work in them is being carried on under
enormous difficulties, many men being away at the front, and some even exiles.
from a land where it was generally supposed that the blessings of peace had
been secured in perpetuity. It is one of the tragedies of the war that a
peaceful little nation, whose neutrality the great powers had sworn to
protect, should be the chief sufferer. This is not the place to discuss the
merits of the question, but the efforts our own country made to avert the
catastrophe, and the consequences of its failure, are already matters
of history.
We have already alluded to the temporary suspension of- French horti-
cultural publications, and the remark applies equally to the Belgian, for the
Revue d’Horticulture Belge and the Tribune Horticole have ceased to appear.
In France, however, there are signs of renewed activity. The Journal of
the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France has again made its appear-
ance. The present number is dated July-December, 1914, and contains a
short account of the Society’s doings. When mobilisation was ordered the
work of the Society was interfered with by the absence of so many of its
members at the front, and the President, M. Viger, therefore, on August
8th, called a meeting of those of his colleagues who remained in Paris, and
it was decided that the meetings and the publication of the Journal of the
Society should be temporarily suspended. The Society’s Hall was also-
placed at the disposal of the Red Cross Society. A second meeting was-
33
34 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1y15.
held on December roth, and it was decided that the general meetings of the
Society and of the Committees should be resumed, on the second Thurs-
-day in each month. ©.The Council unanimously agreed that all ordinary and
corresponding members of German and Austrian nationality, together with
affiliated Societies of those nationalities, be struck off the list. This
excludes sixteen German and five Austrian members, besides severing the
connection with eleven affiliated Societies, all but one of which are German.
The Journal contains accounts of the fortnightly -meetings held in July, and
of some meetings elsewhere, but there is little about Orchids.
After an enforced suspension of four months the Revue Horticole has
made its reappearance, the number containing various items of war news, of
which the following is the only one relating to Orchids :—
Dr. Jean Gratiot, of Ferté-sous-Jouarre, who recorded in June last some
interesting Orchid seedlings, has preserved his greenhouses intact; his
residence alone has been damaged by a shell, and the Germans, during their
Stay in the town, did not touch his plants.
There is also an account of the meeting of the Société Nationale
d’Horticulture de France for January 15th, but no mention is made of any
Orchid exhibits. Another issue is announced for February. 15th, after
which the Revue will be continued bi-monthly, though it is feared that it
may have to be in a somewhat curtailed form for the present.
As to German periodicals and the doings of the German Orchid Society
we have heard nothing. ., The Gardeners’ Chronicle, however, in its issue of
December 19th last, under the title of ‘‘Nomenclature and Anger,” calls
attention to a proposal made in Moller’s Deutsche Gartner-Zeitung that in.
future the names of French and English novelties should be translated into
German, and regrets that one of the leading horticultural papers in Germany
should admit contributions of a kind which, though they find their way into
the irresponsible press of all countries, are to be deplored when they appear in
responsible journals. And it remarks, “if the new spirit leads to these
outbursts we may hope that when.cooler moments come the German
horticulturists may prefer to retain the old—the spirit which made for
brotherliness and friendly emulation and mutual respect.”” We desire to
associate ourselves with such a dignified protest.
An unfortunate delay occasioned by the war is the International
Botanical Congress which had been arranged to be held in London next
May. A meeting of the Organising Committee was held at the Linnean
Society’s rooms on January 21st, when a report was given of the work of
preparation which had already been carried out by the Executive
FEBRUARY, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35
Committee. Resolutions were carried that the Congress be not held in
1915, and that the present Executive Committee continue to act as long as
necessary. The Committee were strongly of opinion that the Congress in
London should not be abandoned, and the suggestion was made that it
might take place at the next quinquennium, in 1920. But it was agreed
that nothing definite could be settled at the present time, and the following
resolution was passed: ‘‘ That the Executive Committee be authorised to
convoke a meeting of the General Committee at some future date to
consider the date of the Congress. It was also decided that in the mean-
time the General Committee be called together once a year. We
particularly regret this unavoidable delay, because one of the subjects
proposed for discussion was a discrepancy between the Vienna and Brussels
Rules of Nomenclature, especially with regard to the specific names of
hybrids. A copy of the proposition that has been submitted to meet the
case was published at pp. 133-135 of our last volume. In the meantime we
suggest that the proposals made should be adopted.
The way in which the war seems destined to leave a permanent mark
upon Orchidology is in the matter of nomenclature, for we have now a
crop of hybrids that have been named after persons or places that have
become famous during the war, and often applied without reference to the
requirements of the rules of nomenclature. ‘Personal names of two or
three words should be reserved for varieties. As specific names they are
totally unsuitable, and their incongruity is at once seen when varietal
names require to be added. Place names are seldom open to this objection.
Cypripedium Ypres has recently appeared, and although the name may
appear something of a novelty it accords with the principles of binomial
nomenclature, inasmuch as the specific name consists of a single word. We
mention this again because we are anxious to secure an orderly system of
nomenclature, and there has been a considerable improvement of late,
though some raisers do not yet appreciate the necessities of the case.
The following, which looks like a peep into the future, has reached us
for publication :—
NoMENCLATURE.—At the last sitting of the Westminster Nomenclature
Court, Mr. was charged with attempting to impose a name that
was not in conformity with law, and, further, with obstructing the
Nomenclature Officer in the proper execution of his duty. Defendant, in
answer to the charge, said he had no intention of making a disturbance,
but he found complainant in the act of altering the name on his card, and
he naturally objected. He thought everyone had the right to name his
own plants just as he liked. The Chairman said that was a mistake, and
36 THE ORCHID REVIEW [ FEBRUARY, 1915.
it was this practice that had led to the existing lamentable. confusion.
Committee after. Committee had sat upon the question, and had drawn up
rules upon the subject, but their time had been largely wasted because they
had no power to enforce them, and now it had been found necessary to
take more stringent measures. These rules were only intended to secure
an orderly system of nomenclature. Defendant might apply any name
that came within the limits of the rules, and such name could not hereafter
be set aside. Incorrect names, however, received no protection, and it was
an instruction to the responsible officer to see that they were at once
amended. There had been too much laxity in the past. Defendant said
he was willing to conform to any reasonable rule, and on this understanding
the case was dismissed.
| NEW HYBRIDS. se
ATTLEYA PHYLLIS (Lueddemanniana Stanleyi x Schroedere).—A
handsome hybrid, fairly intermediate between the two parents, but
the base of the lip narrowed as in the former parent. The petals and lip
are very broad and undulate, and the colour soft rose, while the throat of
the lip is light yellow. Exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on January
5th last by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury.
L&LIA ANCIBARINA (anceps X cinnabarina).— An interesting hybrid,
exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on January 19th, by Messrs.
Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. The flowers are orange-yellow,
and are borne on a long and slender scape, and thus most resemble the
cinnabarina parent in general character.
CYMBIDIUM Castor (Woodhamsianum x insigne).—A promising hybrid
from the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Finchley, of which a
flower has been sent to us. It is most comparable with C. insigne, but has
rather narrower, more acuminate sepals and petals, showing the influence
of the original C. eburneum. That of C. Lowianum is not particularly
obvious. The flowers are light yellow, with very numerous red-purple
stripes on the lip, these passing into a few spots at the apex of the lobes.
The keels are villous.
CYMBIDIUM FLory1 (grandiflorum x Veitchii).—A striking hybrid,
exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on January r1gth, by Messrs. Flory &
Black, Slough. The flowers are large, and light green in colour, with
numerous red-brown blotches on the lip.
ODONTOGLOSSUM N&VROSS (nevium x Rossii).—A promising hybrid,
exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on January 5th by Messrs; Armstrong
& Brown, Tunbridge Wells. The plant was very small, and bore a single
FEBRUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37
flower, fairly intermediate in character. The sepals and petals are deep rose,
the former irregularly blotched with chocolate brown, and the lip dark rose
with a white area round the yellow crest.
[Feises| ORCHIDS IN SEASON. Ara
HE interesting plant. of Catasetum macrocarpum in the collection of
G. Rae Fraser, Esq., Piggotts Manor, Letchmore Heath, whose
history was given at page 334 of our last volume, is again in bloom, bearing
a spike of nine male flowers. Mr. Fraser thinks this is the finest raceme
it has produced.
A flower of Lelia Susanna (pumila X Dayana) has been sent from the
collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset. It bears a considerable
resemblance to the latter, having distinct purple keels in the throat of the
lip, though the ground colour there is yellow instead of white. The
front lobe of the lip is deep purple, which colour extends round the apex of
the side lobes. . The sepals and petals are light purple. It unmistakably
combines the characters of the two parents. The cross was made by Mr.
Clark several years ago, and he remarks that the habit is suggestive of a
rather large L. pumila.
A flower of Odontioda Henryi (C. Neetzliana x O. harvengtense) is sent
by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. Two or three plants
have been recently exhibited, the colour being a -nearly uniform shade of
light scarlet-red, with the usual crest yellow.
Orcuips at Kew.—Numerous botanical rarities ate flowering at Kew,
in addition to the usual showy species of the season. Among the former
may be mentioned a plant of the interesting Lelia Lundii, which in habit
closely resembles Sophronitis violacea, which is blooming freely beside it.
Pleurothallis astrophora is a gem, though the individual flowers are so
small as to require the aid of a lens to appreciate their beauty. P.
scapha, however, is one of the largest flowered species in the genus, and its
numerous racemes are very graceful. P. Roezlii is bearing a wealth of its
curious dull purple flowers. Saccolabium bellinum with several flower
scapes is as charming as its name indicates, and several pans of the pure
white Cynorchis compacta are very attractive. Several plants of Calanthe
kewensis are in bloom, and their bright rose flowers are particularly
effective. One plant, it may be noted, is flowering in a clump of Cypri-
pedium, where the seedling came up. C. kewensis was raised in the
collection, from C. Veitchii crossed with the pollen of C. rubens, and was
described at page 31 of our last volume.
38 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1915-
a
EBRUARY is always a joyful month, for the amateur grower especially,
f as the days are now beginning to lengthen, and more light and sun
will reach our plants, which is much appreciated in the form of renewed
and increased growth. ae
Most of the Cypripediums will now be over, and, if needing it, any
which have just finished blooming can be repotted in the manner advised
last month, whilst those so treated in January will be rooting nicely in their
new compost and will need a little more water. Usually at this time of
year, assuming that a mean temperature of 50° Fahr. is maintained, and a
little rise with sun heat, a good dose of water will be needed every other
day, but in cold, sunless weather twice a week will often suffice. Since
Cypripediums possess no pseudobulbs and cannot store up any nourish-
ment for themselves, the amateur must be more liberal with his use of the
watering-can for these Orchids than for those genera well furnished with
pseudobulbs, as Oncidium and Odontoglossum, which will not require aS
much water yet.
THE AMATEUR'’S COLLECTION.
By C. ALWYN HARRISON.
If any Oncidiums are over, they must now be placed at the coolest end
of the house to rest, for without this they will not flower satisfactorily the
following season. Personally I like to see my plants rest at least three
weeks before any sign of new growth is apparent, and in this way they make
plump and healthy growths each year, and are then a pleasure to grow. In
common with most hybrids of other sections, hybrid Oncidiums are very
vigorous and free in flowering, and can be well recommended for an
amateur’s small house, as also the bigeneric hybrids between Oncidium and
Cochlioda. These Oncidiodas, however, must not be given, after flowering,
anything like the rest given to the species, and the amateur should
endeavour to keep their compost always in an even state of moisture,
damp but not sodden. The Oncidiodas are of comparatively recent origin,
but several are now known, and O. Cooksoniz, the hybrid between
Oncidium macranthum and Cochlioda Neetzliana, is a very striking thing-
One word of caution may be necessary. Never allow a small and weakly
plant to bloom, or it will be further weakened and may never properly
recover. If any such plant is showing a spike, pinch this out as soon as
visible, and keep the plant growing on, when, under normal conditions, 2
strong healthy bulb will be produced the following year.
As the days lengthen, the temperature will probably be inclined to rup
up during the day time, and, if so, a splendid chance is obtained: for freely
ventilating the house. I find that one can usually give a little top air about
FEBRUARY, I915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39
the middle of this month, but only for a couple of hours or so, as the plants
must not be chilled. It must be borne in mind that this top air is not
warmed before reaching the plants, like that admitted by the bottom venti-
lators. Orchids, contrasted with Carnations and many greenhouse plants,
are clean, and only suffer from pests and diseases owing to careless culture.
If the amateur starts with sound plants, and keeps a well-ventilated
and moist atmosphere, he will be little troubled with insect foes. Slugs
probably do the most damage, but can be caught in a variety of ways,
putting treacle, fresh lettuce leaves, or bran on pieces of card about
the staging and searching diligently in the evening with a candle. The
safest way to protect a valuable plant in spike is to fill a saucer with water,
stand an inverted flower pot in it, and then the Orchid on this. Many
growers wrap cotton wool round the flower spikes, but this loses its efficacy
immediately it gets wet, and a fresh piece must be substituted. Fire heat
will still be needed, and I find it is much better to fire all day than merely
to light a fire at night, and trust to the sun warming by day; for although
a few hours of sunshine will give all the necessary heat, yet the ventilators
would have to be shut, and this would deprive the Orchids of the air so-
necessary to their welfare. J always consider a little heat in the pipes, sun-
aa and the ventilators judiciously open, the ideal growing conditions.
SUGGESTED ADDITION.
- OponTiopA DevosiaNA.—For an amateur’s collection this is one of the
most useful members of this hybrid genus, for it produces long branching
flower spikes, several feet in length, bearing often overa hundred small but
brilliantly-coloured blossoms, of a rich purple-red with a spiny yellow
crest. It is a vigorous grower, and small seedlings quickly develop into-
large sturdy specimens, and it can be procured at moderate cost. A
position at the warmest end of the house is advisable, to enable this fine
Orchid to develop to perfection. It was raised from Cochlioda Neetzliana
and Odontoglossum Edwardii, and first flowered in 1908.
ONcIDIUM PATULUM.—Under this name a Brazilian Oncidium has been
described and figured by Schlechter as a new species (Orchis, vill. p. 18, t.
2). It flowered at the Royal Botanic Garden, Dahlem, and is said to be
allied to O. Cavendishianum, Lindl. It. is, however, identical with O.
nanum, a species which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges at Hackney, in
1842, and was described by Lindley (Bot. Reg., xxvi. Misc. p. 37). It is
said to have been imported from Guiana. It most resembles a glorified
edition of O. pumilum, Lindl., next to which Lindley placed it. It has
very fleshy leaves, some five or six inches long, and short panicles of yellow
flowers, with: irregular red-brown. blotches. Spruce also collected the
species on. the Rio Negro.—k.A.R.
THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1915
(oO 9 i
|ResaS WINTER-FLOWERING CYPRIPEDIUMS. Reed
HE great value of Cypripediums as winter-flowering plants has often
been pointed out, and a magnificent series of some three dozen
flowers, sent from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, E.
Fig. 3. CypRIPEDIUM PRIAm.
FEBRUARY, 1915.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 4!
Yorks, by Mr. J. T. Barker, illustrates how indispensable they are at this
dull season of the year.. A house full of well-grown plants is indeed a sight
worth seeing, and Mr. Barker remarks: “ We have had and still have a
most remarkable display.’”’ Two photographs are also sent, C. Leeanum
var. Corona and C. Priam (insigne x Niobe), the latter being here
reproduced as an illustration of the way they are grown at Hessle, which
is further emphasised by the quality of the flowers sent.
The majority are hybrids, and it is interesting to note the preponderating
influence of C. insigne among them, in fact, winter-flowering Cypripediums
might almost be expressed as C. insigne and its derivates, though there are
Vigna Marat BARKER.
a few exceptions. There are Fives forms of . Gi insigne, the two fine yellows,
Sander and Sanderianum, the one known as Chantinii Lindenu, the large
Harefield Hall var, and var. Thompsonianum, with very. numerous. dark
blotches on the dorsal sepal.. C. Leeanum is represented by seven well-
known varieties in fine condition. C. Venus and its variety Boltonii are of
a totally different: type, representing the union of C. niveum with C. insigne
and C. i. Sanderz respectively, and showing many of the insigne qualities.
The others are secondary or more _— hybrids, in which the insigne
influence is strongly marked.
The C. Fairrieanum influence is seen in C. Thalia and its vated Mrs.
F. Wellesley, and in the superb forms known as Germaine Opoix and
Gaston Bultel, all represented by tinely-developed flowers. It will afford
42 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, I915.
an idea of their quality when it is mentioned that the dorsal sepal of the
last-named measures slightly over 2} inches across. Then follows a series
of secondary hybrids, including the richly-coloured C. Euryades splendens,
C. Minos Youngii, C. Bruno var. nobile (Leeanum X Spicerianum), most
like an enlarged Spicerianum, C. Actaus Hessle var., C. Ville de Paris, C.
Earl of Tankerville, the rare C. Queen Alexandra Hessle var., C. Dread
nought, and three seedlings raised in the collection from C. Insigne
Harefield Hall var. x Polletianum, most like the former, and one of them
like a glorified edition of it. There are a few others, mostly well-known
kinds, which we have not enumerated.
Mr. Barker has already described his method of culture in our pages, for
it may be remembered that he wrote the Calendar of Operations from 1911
to 1913. It is also interesting to add that he recently gained the Gold
Medal offered by the Journal of Horticulture for an essay on Cypripedium
insigne, and we have to thank the Editor for permission to reproduce the
same in our pages, also for the opportunity of giving Mr. Barker’s portrait
(see page 41). The following is the essay :—
CYPRIPEDIUM: INSIGNE.
Since its introduction about the year 1819 few plants have been so
extensively grown or proved of such horticultural value as Cypripedium
insigne and its varieties. Originally discovered by Dr. Wallich, in the
Sylhet district of North-east India, it flowered for the first time in this
country in the Liverpool Botanic Garden in the autumn of 1820; it has
been discovered subsequently by other collectors in different districts,
hence the many varieties.
It is grown in almost every garden which contains a greenhouse, and
under whatsoever conditions rarely fails to produce flowers. I have seen it
grown under almost every condition imaginable—in windows, greenhouses,
and stoves, and always it flourished. Plants growing under adverse
conditions do not, of course, produce blossoms of the best quality ; neither
are they so effective either on the plants or in acut state. The flowers,
which are most varied, adapt themselves to almost every kind of decorative
work, and are much prized during the dull, dark days of winter. :
The flowering season of C. insigne extends from the early part of
October until the end of February, and may be even prolonged by placing
the plants in cooler quarters, and then again into heat some little time
before the flowers are required. It may be grown as large specimens, or aS
small plants for decoration, for which the long-lasting properties of the
flowers render it extremely valuable.
To those who reside near our great industrial centres; where fogs prevail
and the atmosphere is heavily charged with obnoxious matters, these plants
are indispensable, as they succeed where many others fail to grow.
FEBRUARY, Ig15.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43.
AS A PARENT. )
To this species chiefly we are indebted for the fine race of winter-
flowering Cypripediums we now have in cultivation. It has been crossed
with the majority of the species, many hybrids, and the varieties have even
been crossed with each other, in some cases with excellent results.
Space forbids me giving even an outline of the many beautiful hybrids.
Suffice to show the diversity of colour to state that the progeny varies from
the almost pure white C. Boltoni, to the deepest hue.
An attempt to describe the numerous varieties would demand much
more space than that at my disposal. I will only mention one or two of
the best, because these demand no more space or skill in culture than the
inferior ones, and they should, therefore, be given the preference. At the
present day C. insigne must be divided into two sections, namely, those
which produce yellow flowers, and those which produce spotted ones.
Among the former C. insigne Sanderz is still incomparably the best,
followed closely by C. i. Sanderianum, C. i. Gladys, and C. i. Glorie
d’Anderghem. Among the spotted varieties the large C. insigne
Harefield Hall variety is much the best, judged either for size or colour ;
but it is followed closely by C. i. superbum and C. i. Chantini.
NOTES ON CULTIVATION.
As a plant in universal request, it is, as I have previously stated, grown
under various conditions; but to achieve the finest results some definite
routine of management is imperative. I am well aware that there are
other modes of cultivation quite as successful as the one here laid down,
but the line of practice is the one adopted by myself, and, if I may be
allowed to say so, with the most gratifying results. It is the practical
outcome of many years’ experience.
. The majority of the varieties are extremely vigorous of constitution, and
so far defy bad and indifferent treatment as to render them suitable for
amateurs who have not too much time to bestow upon the plants, but who
love them nevertheless. An up-to-date collection of C. insigne is so varied
that there must be differences in respect of their requirements. It will also
be observed that there is considerable diversity in the width and strength
of the foliage, as well as in the rooting systems of the plants. Such
details must be carefully noted when potting the plants, the feeble rooters
never being placed in large pots, while the strong growers may have a
material shift as regards the size of pot.
C. insigne is often recommended as a Cool-house Orchid, but I have
never seen a satisfactory specimen produced under these conditions, and I do
not, therefore, advise that it should be treated as such. The flowers on the
half-starved plants grown in a Cool house are midgets compared to those
yielded under more favourable conditions. The plants succeed best in a
44 THE ORCHID ‘REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, Ig15.
warm winter temperature of 55deg. to 60deg. During the summer months
they must be shaded from strong sunshine, and the atmosphere must be
kept humid at all times ; much less moisture will suffice in the winter. A
useful guide is the greater the heat the more the moisture, as they will
withstand the heat provided that there is an abundance of moisture. The
plants are best raised well up to the glass, to prevent the leaves becoming
drawn. Fresh air should be supplied at all seasons.
Pottinc.—The best time to repot the plants is shortly after flowering,
when the half-developed new growths are about to push roots; if one can
anticipate these roots, so much the better, as the plant then re-establishes
itself more quickly. The pots must be clean and well-drained. A layer of
two inches of clean crocks is ample, placed carefully in position, as
drainage does not depend so much on the quantity of material used as the
-way in which it is disposed in the receptacles. In repotting the plants, as
much as possible of the old material ought to be removed without damaging
the roots, and the old woody rhizome must be cut away, as if allowed to
remain it often causes decay in the centre.
Compost.—A suitable compost is made up as follows: Equal parts of
peat, osmunda, Az, and loam fibre mixed with a liberal addition of
sphagnum moss. All the earthy particles should be removed from the
peat and other fibres. The material must be made firm about the roots,
and it ought to be heated to the same degree as the temperature of the
house in which the plants are growing—this is easily accomplished by
placing the compost in the house overnight.
PROPAGATION.—This is effected by division, and in the case of C. i.
Sandere it can also be done by raising seedlings fertilised with its own
pollen, which invariably come true. This is rather remarkable, as generally
when this variety is used as a parent its progeny reverts to a normal type:
It is not desirable to divide the plants into little scraps, as pieces of fair
size produce flowers of the best quality, while small portions are not, in
some cases, the best of growers.
WaTERING.—The amount of water applied to the roots of any plant
grown in a pot depends a great deal upon the nature of the compost.
Should the material be close and retentive, much less water will be
required than when an open and porous mixture is used. Soft water, when-
ever obtainable, should always be preferred, both for root application and
spraying, and it should be as nearly as possible of the same temperature as
the house. Cold hard water is liable to cause the young leaves to assume
a brown rusty appearance, and to check the young roots.
After repotting, water with great caution until the new roots have freely
entered the material; then the supply can be gradually increased, but a
saturated condition must be avoided, as it causes a sour compost, in which
a
FEBRUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45
no plant delights. When the flowering period is over, keep the plants
slightly on the dry side, but, having no pseudobulbs to support them, they
must not be allowed to suffer through lack of water at any season. When
in full growth the supply of water to the roots should be liberal, care being
taken that the compost becomes dry between the applications.
CLEANLINESS.—This is essential, but when the plants are grown under
correct conditions they are not subject to insect pests. Thrips and stock-
seeded scale may, however, infest them, and it is advisable to sponge the
leaves once or twice a year with some safe insecticide. The best times
are, perhaps, just before the plants come into bloom and after repotting.
Should anyone have the inclination to acquire a complete set of varieties.
they would possess a collection of plants of no mean order. Although
some people consider that C. insigne is a plant of the past, I am convinced
that for winter flowering there is nothing which can rival it. As the flower
spikes push up and attain to sufficient length they should be neatly tied to.
stakes to prevent twisting and to give the flowers a natural appearance.
Tau Sab SF Oona, en SE
ERIA BAMBUSIFOLIA. —A very distinct Eria has just flowered in the
collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Glos., which proves to be Eria
bambusifolia, a species originally described by Lindley in 1858 (Journ. Linn.
Soc., ili. p. 61), from materials collected at 2000 feet altitude in the Khasia
Hills by Griffith, and also by Simons. Lindley remarked: ‘I have no
species very nearly allied to this, whose great leaves, resembling a bamboo,
and loose terminal panicles, as much as ten inches long, are very peculiar.”
It was afterwards collected in Sikkim by Sir J. D. Hooker, and later by
Pantling, who figured it (King & Pantling, Orch. Sikkim, p. 119, t. 113)-
Gamble also met with the plant in the Ganjam Hill Tracts, and Robertson
in the Southern Shan States, the latter describing it as growing from two
to three feet high. It may be added that Mr. Elwes brought his plant
from Sikkim. The racemes are distichously arranged from the upper leaf
axils, and the flowers stand erect on the arching racemes, and are striped
with red-purple lines on a pale ground. Two allied species were sub-
sequently described, E. crassicaulis, Hook. f., from Khasia, and E.
leptocarpa, Hook. f., from Perak, and Sir J. D. Hooker formed a new
section of the genus, called Bambusifoliz, for their reception. The plant
will doubtless succeed under the same treatment as the evergreen
Dendrobiums from the same region.
Eria is a large and widely diffused Indo-Malayan genus, containing
several very distinct sections, but the species are not generally grown,
chiefly because the flowers are seldom brightly coloured, and often rather
fugacious. | Several of them, however, are well-known in_ botanical
collections. A.R.
46 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Fervary, 1915.
SoS!
ws
oe
ILLIAM BRADBURY LATHAM.—This distinguished horticulturist,
who was for thirty-five years Curator of the Birmingham Botanic
Garden, passed away on December 17th last, within a few weeks of his
eightieth birthday. Mr. Latham was an excellent all-round gardener, and
very early in his career made his first acquaintance with our favourites, as
he himself related to us when some years ago we had the pleasure of
spending an evening with him at Edgbaston. Born on February 13th,
1835, he commenced his gardening career thirteen years later, and at the
age of twenty entered the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where he remained
for two and a-half years, being employed in the Palm, Heath, Orchid, and
Stove houses. Leaving in 1857, he went to Chatsworth, and soon after-
wards for over a year to the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. On his return he
‘was employed for six months in Messrs. Parker and Williams’ Nursery at
Holloway, and afterwards for eight years head gardener to Lt.-Col.
Perkins, Birtley Hall, Chester-le-Street, where there was a good collection
of Orchids. He was appointed Curator of the Birmingham Botanic
Garden in 1868, on the retirement of Mr. Catlin, and during his term of
office carried out great improvements there. Here Mr. Latham paid some
attention to hybridising, and in 1888 flowered Cypripedium Lathamianum,
obtained by crossing C. Spicerianum with C. villosum. Later on C.
edgbastonense (nitens X Chamberlainianum) and C. Deedmanianum
(Spicerianum X Chamberlainianum) also flowered. About thirteen years
ago Mr. Latham was awarded the Veitchian Medal for distinguished
services to horticulture. A portrait and an interesting account of Mr.
Latham’s other activities are given in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for December
26th last. His remains were interred at Leighton Buzzard Cemetery on
December 2ist. si
JuLes Hye pE CromM.—We deeply regret to announce the death of
M. Jules Hye de Crom, which took place on the evening of January 6th.
The deceased was one of the oldest and most enthusiastic amateur
Orchidists in Belgium, and has followed his favourite hobby for over thirty
years. His name came into prominence in connection with Cypripedium
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, or C. Hyeanum as it was called when, in April,
1886, it was exhibited by the Compaignie Continentale d’Horticulture, and
received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. It was afterwards purchased
by M. Hye, who was then said to have every known species and hybrid of
Cypripedium in his collection. In October, 1889, his portrait appeared in
the Orchtdophile, when he was described as one of the most enthusiastic
OBITUARY.
FEBRUARY, 1915+] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47
amateurs in Belgium, and an excellent cultivator who knew his Orchids as
a shepherd knows his sheep. Cypripediums were then his chief favourites,
but he was beginning to pay attention to Cattleyas and Odontoglossums.
In 1893 he won the Gold Medal offered by His Majesty the King of the
Belgians for the best 100 exotic Orchids. A year later a hybrid flowered in
his collection which was to become famous, namely Cypripedium aureum,
which he had raised from C. Sallieri Hyeanum xX Spicerianum. It was
named C. aureum, in allusion to its beautiful yellow colour, but soon after-
wards all manner of variations began to appear among the seedlings, and a
year later no fewer than eleven were exhibited together under as many
different names, causing our appeal that all should be considered as varieties
of the original: This view was ultimately adopted, though in the meantime
the number of different names had grown to forty. Accounts of M. Hye’s
collection have appeared in our pages (O.R., vi. pp. 206-207; xi. pp. 194-
196), but since we had the pleasure of seeing it we believe that the houses
have been moved and considerably extended. In 1913 M. Hye again showed
at the Ghent Quinquennial, and a group of Miltonias and other Orchids
showed by him was one of the features of the Show. He also won the
Gold Medal for the best twelve Odontoglossums raised from seed. M. Hye
has often appeared as an exhibitor at the London Shows, and it will be
remembered that the mysterious loss of several choice Orchids shown by
him was the sensation of the Temple Show in 1898. His death is a great
loss to Orchidology. His name is commemorated in Leliocattleya Hyeana,
Odontoglossum crispum Hyeanm, and others. Our first intimation of the
sad event was a telegram from a mutual friend, but we have since learnt
that the death of the eminent Ghent Orchidist was due to heart failure
brought on by business worry—he was a wine merchant—caused by the
German occupation.
James Cray Harvey.—We greatly regret to announce the death, on
December 11th last, of Mr. J. C. Harvey, of Orizaba, Mexico, the writer of
the article “ Orchids in South Mexico” which appeared at pp. 12-18 of our
January issue. The card announcing his death, at the age of 64 years,
came to us as a shock, for on December 3rd he had written in his usual
cheery style, and referred to the pleasant evening he spent with us on his
last visit to England on the occasion of the Royal International Horti-
cultural Exhibition less than three years ago. Until then we had only
known him by correspondence, from which we learnt that he had a very
large collection of tropical plants, including a great variety of Orchids, all
grown under natural conditions. He was very fond of Orchids, and
remarked that a good many years ago he cultivated quite a good selection
of the showiest and most interesting kinds in California—of course under
glass. But in South Mexico it was a great pleasure to attach them to the
48 THE ORCHID: REVIEW. [FeBRUARY, 1915.
proper trees,.and simply watch them grow, with absolutely no care what-
evet, except to look out for an occasional attack of insects. The majority
were natives of Mexico, and he remarked, ‘I have many hundreds of
Chysis bractescens, Oncidiums of different species, Stanhopeas, Lycastes,
Brassias, Brassavolas, Epidendrums, and a lot of purely botanical interest.”
He also gave some very interesting details of the conditions under which
the plants grow naturally, and some of his experiences in collecting them
It had long been Mr. Harvey’s desire to visit the Sierres of his district, but
the cares of a large estate never seemed to admit of such a vacation, until
the spring of 1903, when he had the good fortune to meet a Mexican
engaged in collecting Orchids asa business, who acted as a guide. Their
travels and discoveries form a most interesting chapter, and may be found
by the references given last month. As to non-indigenous Orchids, we
need only refer to Mr. Harvey’s recent article.
CyPRIPEDIUM VENUS VAR. BoLTonit.— When the charming Cypripedium
Boltonii originally appeared, in November, 1909, and received a First-class
Certificate from the R.H.S., there was a doubt about its parentage, though
it was then supposed to have been derived from C. insigne Sandere and C.
bellatulum album (O.R., xviii. pp. 19, 41, fig. 3). The plant passed into
the collection of J. H. Craven, Esq., Keighley, Yorks., and received a
First-class Certificate and a Silver Medal from the Manchester Orchid
Society, when its resemblance to C. Venus was pointed out (O.R., xviii. p-
24). Subsequent opportunities for comparison strengthened the belief that
C. niveum, not C. bellatulum album, was the other parent, and information
from Mr. Bolton now confirms this. A cross was made between C. niveum
and C. i. Sanderz, and the seeds were divided with Mr. J. Cowan. It was
at first thought that nothing had come of the cross, but seedlings after-
wards appeared which were evidently of this origin, and others were
subsequently acquired from Mr. Cowan. The cross has since beer
repeated, both ways, and seedlings obtained which confirm the record,
and we believe it has also been raised elsewhere. C. Boltonii has also.
been recrossed with both the original parents, and the seedlings recorded
at page 27 of our last issue were from one or both of these crosses. They —
show some variation in shape, but it is interesting to note that the white
colour of C. niveum seems dominant, a fact which foreshadows a possible
race of white Cypripediums with the excellent constitution of C. i. Sandere-
Of course there are minute purple spots on the dorsal sepal of C. Boltonii,
but they can scarcely be considered a disfigurement, and they might be
eliminated by further breeding and selection. We shall await the flowering
of the remaining seedlings of these batches with interest, and we believe
that other crosses of C. Boltonii are in existence.—R.A.R.
Fepruary, 1y15.] THE’ ORCHID REVIEW. 49
CEELOGYNE MOOREANA. KS
IG}
ES)
Ie
HIS beautiful Annamese Ccelogyne is proving one of the best white-
flowered species, and has appeared at several recent meetings in good
condition. It was introduced by Messrs. Sander & Sons about nine years
Fig. 5. Ca@LoGyNE MooREANA.
ago, and flowered for the first time in December, 1906, when it received a
First-class Certificate from the R.H.S., being dedicated to Sir F. W.
Moore, Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, who also flowered
it at about the same time (O.R., xv. p- 23). It grows on the Laos side of the
Lang Bian Range, at 4300 feet elevation. The plant here figured flowered in
the collection of Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., at Westonbirt.
5° THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, I9%5:
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.
By W. H. Wuite, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
URING the month of February the daily amount of sunshine will be
appreciably increased, and the temperatures of the various divisions
considerably raised thereby during the middle hours of the day.
TuRip.—It is at this period that the small yellow thrip insects reappear
in numbers, and multiply so fast that if immediate and proper means are
not taken to destroy them they will eventually cause a great deal of damage
to the plants. As there are now so few hands in many gardens to attend
to such necessary work, owing to enlistment in His Majesty’s forces, the
extermination of these pests with brush and sponge will take up too much
valuable time, and therefore constant vaporizing or fumigation must be
resorted to. From this period onward it will be good practice to vaporize
each house once a week. Some amateur growers may consider this method
too expensive, and in such cases the plants may be lightly sprayed overhead
with some safe but effectual insecticide. Which ever method is preferred
it is much safer for such work to be done just before sunset tha: at any
other time, as then there is no fear of any foliage being scorched by the
sun’s rays. Before commencing to vaporize, or spray, very little damping
down should be done, but at the same time a moderately high temperature
should be maintained, so as to induce the insects to emerge from theif
concealment, when they are easily destroyed. Should the next morning be
fine and sunny the plants may be well sprayed overhead with clean tepid
rain-water, which will partially remove or weaken any settlement of the
insecticide, and act as a deterrent against any evil effects which may
otherwise be caused by a sudden burst of strong sunshine.
ScaLE.—Where time can be spared, it would be advisable to 8°
thoroughly over all the plants, particularly those that are liable to the
attacks of scale insects, which frequently not only establish themselves 0?
the surface and under the leaves, but also behind the thin tissue of covering
of many pseudobulbs, and low down in the axils of the leaves of many
species, where it is sometimes very difficult to eradicate them. For these
Insects a small stiff brush or pointed stick will be best to remove them,
and afterwards carefully sponge the whole of the plant. In cleaning tendet
and brittle-leaved plants, exceptional care is necessary, as it is not
uncommon to see leaves of rare and valuable plants broken and disfigured
during such work, and the damage done in the majority of cases is
irreparable,
REPOTTING.—The potting of Orchids should generally commence about
FEBRUARY, I915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. st
this time of the year, although in large miscellaneous collections there is
always some such work being done. Particular attention should be paid to
unhealthy plants—a few of which are sure to be found in almost every
Orchid collection—with a view to improving their condition. The best thing
to do to such plants is to remove them from their present receptacles, and
place them in as small.a pot, pan, or basket as the roots can be got into, using
a thin layer of compost just sufficient to steady them, and until such time as
renewed activity takes place very little water must be applied. After
receiving such attention these unhealthy pieces should be replaced in their
respective divisions, and a genial growing atmosphere preserved around
them, with the admission of plenty of light, but shading them from ‘all sun-
shine.
MEXICAN HOUSE.—Probably owing to the comparatively mild
weather we have lately experienced, many plants are showing renewed
activity. For example, in the Mexican house such species as Laelia
Gouldiana, albida, autumnalis, furfuracea, and the darker varieties of L.
anceps (the lighter varieties, as L. a. Sanderiana, Stella, Schroederiana,
alba, and others bloom several weeks later) have gone out of flower, and
bunches ‘of new roots are pushing from the base of the last made pseudobulb.
Immec*\tely this.is observed supply fresh potting materials to such plants
as may be necessary. Well-established specimens in pots or baskets that
are sufficiently large for their needs should not be disturbed unnecessarily,
but should the old compost have become loose and decayed it should be
carefully removed with a pointed stick, and by washing out the fine soil
which cannot be conveniently got at the drainage will be cleaned. The
drainage should then be made perfect, and fresh materials added. For
these Mexican species shallow pans or teak-wood baskets may be employed,
and they should be of sufficient size to allow of at least two seasons growth.
Whether remaking up a specimen or repotting each piece singly, it is not
necessary to retain more than two or three pseudobulbs behind each leading
§towth. In repotting keep the rhizome of the plant just on a level with the
tim of the pot, about one-half of the receptacle being filled with large clean
crocks for drainage, and the compost should consist of coarse osmunda and
AX fibre, out of which all dust has been sifted. Press the materials quite
firmly together, especially along the base, or rhizome, of the plant. A few
Pieces of crock inserted here and there in the compost will render the _
Passage of water rapid, which is always advisable for this particular class of
plants. ‘
_ SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT.—After the plants have been disturbed in this
way a good deal of judgment is needed in affording water. In order to
Prevent decay and at the same time encourage root activity, the surface of
the compost should be lightly sprayed over whenever it appears to be dry,
52 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ FEBRUARY, 1915,
but as each'specimen becomes firmly re-established increased supplies may
be given. Endeavours should always be made by cultivators to prevent
injury to the new roots by insects, such as wood-lice and cockroaches, both
of which do much harm by gnawing them and destroying their succulent
points. Beetlecute will destroy large numbers of them, but baits should
also be freely employed, such as apple and potato, which should be
hollowed out in the centre, and frequently examined, particularly at night
and early morning. Old well-established specimens should also be carefully
examined soon after each watering, as oftentimes wood-lice may then be
seen on the surface, and especially near to the base of the pseudobulbs.
L2&LIOPSIS DOMINGENSIS.—This West Indian Orchid is still rare, and
blooms at this season. _Its flowers are produced on long slender stems, in
a similar manner to those of the better-known Lelia acuminata, and they
measure about two inches across, the colours being pale rosy mauve with
purple veins and markings. The plant requires similar treatment to the
Mexican Leelias. : , |
ODONTOGLOssUM CITROSMUM.—Suspended close to the roof glass in the
same house as these Lzelias, plants of the distinct Mexican Odontoglossum
citrosmum will be starting into growth, but they should not be disturbed by
repotting now. The new growths should not be unduly excited, by heat or
otherwise, to make a rapid advance, or they will start away and produce no
Hower spikes at the proper season. Still keep the plants fairly on the dry
side, but immediately the small white flower spike is seen pushing Up
through the centre of the growth, then the plant may be allowed more
generous treatment, both as regards atmospheric moisture and a consider
able increase of water at the roots.
CaTTLEYA WaLkERIANA,—In this house plants of Cattleya Walkerian@
are about to flower, and will require a little more water at the root. This
distinct species produces its flower spikes from the apex of short lateral
growths which issue from the last-made bulb, The plants should be suspended
in a light position near to the roof glass. A similar position should be found
for plants of C. O’Brieniana and its pure white variety alba. As these
plants are now dormant, they should be kept comparatively dry at the root
idl growth recommences, remembering that only a small amount of
moisture Is needed to retain the pseudobulbs in a plump, fresh condition.
EPIDENDRUM PARKINSONIANUM.—An interesting Orchid now flowering
in this house is Epidendrum Parkinsonianum, a plant with very small
a but with large fleshy leaves. Owing to the weight of the leaves the
plant grows in a downward direction, Suspended as it were by its root
The flowers, which are produced from the base of the leaves, are of a pale
seed green, and the lip a good white. Like the allied’ E. ciliare, the
Owers emit a strong sweet perfume at night. Its cultural requirements
: bee RENN PERSE NS ER TPCT REITING TSE ORE
caidas Pal a SR LIP en a IT NCL eH a PD ES ee Oe
Fepruary; 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53
present no great difficulty, and are met by merely fastening the. plant.on to
a‘teak board or raft, suspending it in the lightest position available, and
affording but little water at any time.
CATTLEYA HoUSE.—Among winter-flowering species of Cattleya the
well-known and useful C. Trianz takes first place, with C. chocoensis and
C. Percivaliana as useful companions. In addition to these there will be
found many hybrid Cattleyas, Lzelias, and Lzliocattleyas that also bloom
at this season. A considerable number of these plants will now be pushing
flower spikes up through their sheaths, and, in order to bring their flowers
to perfection, a little extra water should be afforded them at the root,
withholding it again when the blooms are fully expanded, after
which, for the benefit of the plants, a very restricted supply is desirable
till each plant commences to grow afresh. Such species as C. Warneri,
C. maxima, and C. Schilleriana, also several of the Lelia purpurata
hybrids, have commenced to grow, and it is advisable to place such plants
in the lightest positions available. A very limited supply of water should
be afforded them till new roots are seen pushing far and wide through the
compost, when’ the quantity should be gradually increased.
Cuysis.—In this house the deciduous epiphytal Orchids, Chysis aurea,
C. bractescens, C. Limminghei, and C. levis, also the distinct hybrids C.
Chelsonii and C. Sedenii will now be starting into growth, and should no
longer be kept under treatment suitable for plants at rest. For the present,
and till the flower spikes—which push up along with the new growths—are
visible, water should be sparingly applied, after which time the quantity
may be considerably increased. Immediately the flowers fade the young
breaks commence to emit new roots, and this is the best time to afford
more root space to plants that require it. Chysis are best cultivated in
pots, which may be suspended near to the roof glass, choosing rather small
pots in preference to larger ones. In small pots very little drainage is
needed, and the material for the roots to run into should consist only of
coarse osmunda fibre, which should be packed firmly around the base of
the pseudobulbs. The plants should be grown at the warmest end of the
house, and if towards the end of the growing season they are late in
finishing up their growth, a place should be found in the East India
division, the extra warmth and moisture greatly assisting them to swell and
complete their new pseudobulbs.
INTERMEDIATE HOUSE.—Cypripedium insigne and its numerous distinct
varieties, especially the yellow-flowered var. Sandere, are general favourites
amongst gardeners, a fact due to their vigorous constitution and easy
culture. They thrive in almost any house from which cold winds and
frost are excluded, provided attention be given in the matter of watering,
potting, &c. Plants of this species, and many of its hybrids, produce
54 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1915.
handsome flowers, which remain fresh for many weeks, their value for
cutting and decorative purposes being highly appreciated. To prolong
their flowering season it is a good plan to grow plants both in the
Intermediate house and in the Cool house, for by so doing an almost
continuous display may be obtained from November till late in the spring.
These cooler-growing Cypripediums include such well-known varieties as
C. Charlesworthii, C. Leeanum, C. villosum, C. Boxallii, C. Hera, C. ‘H.
Euryades, C. Arthurianum, C. Actzus, C. A. langleyense, C. purpuratum,
and others, far too numerous to mention in the space allowed here;
and the proper time for repotting them is at the end of the season of
flowering. But unless the compost is sour or decayed, or a larger pot
needed, annual repotting is not necessary. In repotting the plants do not
raise them above the rim of the pot, but keep the surface of the compost
just below it. The pots, if large, should be about half full of drainage, but
small sizes will need less, and a compost should be used of rough fibry
peat or osmunda fibre, good fibrous yellow loam and sphagnum moss, in
equal parts, and mixed well together, with a moderate quantity of broken
crocks to keep the whole porous. After being repotted keep the surface of
the soil just moist, and when well rooted into the new compost the plants
will require a plentiful supply of water all the year round.
CALANTHES of the evergreen section, as C. veratrifolia, Masuca,
Dominii, japonica, curculigoides, and natalensis, now in full growth,
must have liberal and frequent supplies of water, as they are strong, free-
rooting terrestrial plants, and when they become pot-bound an occasional
watering with weak liquid manure is beneficial tothem. The members of
this family are frequently troubled with a species of brown scale insect,
which must be kept under by brush and sponge.
SOBRALIAS.—Opportunity should now be taken to remove all useless
stems, cutting them down to the roots, thus making more room for the new
growths, which are now making considerable progress, and should be
tied out at equal distances apart so that plenty of light and air may pass
freely between them. All strong, well-rooted plants of Sobralias will need
Copious waterings for many months to come.
MASDEVALLIAS.—Among the numerous species of this genus the pure
white M..tovarensis is a favourite.
growth, and the present is a suitable t
grown specimens, or such as have become bare of leaves towards the centre.
The pots should be about three parts filled with clean crocks, and over
the drainage a thin layer of rough, fresh,
The plant will now be starting into
ime for repotting or breaking up over-
chopped up rather finely and be well mix
ed together. I have seen plants
thrive equally well when potted in wel
l-drained osmunda fibre only.
Fesruary, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55
Water should be very carefully applied after root disturbance, and until the
young leaves are well advanced, for if kept too damp during this period”
some of the old leaves may fall off. During such mild weather as we have
experienced during this winter the Cool house will be found suitable for
plants of this species, but in cold frosty weather it will be advisable to remove
the plants to the Intermediate house. The present is also an excellent
time to break up old plants or to afford additional root room to such
Masdevallias as M. Chimera, Wallisii, Backhouseana, Houtteana,
nycterina, bella, and others of that section. They should in every case be
grown in baskets, as their flowers are produced in a downward direction.
No crocks must be used for drainage. These plants will root in the same
compost as M. tovarensis, and require the same temperature. When well
established they delight in copious overhead waterings, which is always
helpful in warding off the attacks of red spider, to which the leaves of all
this section of Masdevallias are extremely liable.
Ege SOCIETIES: Aes |
RoyaAL HORTICULTURAL.
HE first meeting of the new year was held at the Royal Horticultural
Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on January 5th, and produced a
moderate display of Orchids, including five medal groups, while one First-
class Certificate, four Awards of Merit, and one Cultural Commendation
were given to choice things.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, de Barri
Crawshay, W. H. White, J. E. Shill, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, W. H.
Hatcher, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, G. F. Moore, F. J. Hanbury, F. M.
Ogilvie, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, R. G. Thwaites, S. Low, C. H. Curtis,
R. A. Rolfe, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), showed
two interesting Odontiodas, O. Othello (Odm. Othello xX Oda. gattonensis),
most resembling the former in shape and colour, and another from Odm.
crispum X Oda. gattonensis, most like a small sulphur yellow O. crispum,
the scarlet of the original C. Noetzliana being eliminated. He also sent
the handsome Cymbidium Queen of Gatton (C. Lady Colman X insigne).
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. — Davis),
showed a flower of Cattleya Phyllis (Lueddemanniana Stanleyi xX
Schreederze), soft rose-pink in colour, with broad, undulate petals and lip.
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent Odonto-
glossum Wiganianum Goodson’s var., and two pretty Odontiodas.
56 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1915.
F. J. O. Montagu, Esq., Lynford, Norfolk, sent Cypripedium
Archimedes (insigne Harefield Hall var. x nitens magnificum).
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
a well-grown Cypripedium Hera-Beeckmanii. 4
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent three promising ‘seedling Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, a good
dark O. percultum, Sophrocattleya Saxa, and a-few others.
Messrs. Armstrong. & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group,
including about thirty plants of Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, a beautiful
example of Oncidium corynephorum, a fine form of Odontoglossum
Thompsonianum (Q.. Adriane x Rolfez), . Cypripedium Helena var.
Armstrongiz, Miltonia Bleuana, Brassocattleya Leemanniz, and a ‘few
good Leeliocattleyas (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a-fine group,
including a_ beautiful example of Angrecum recurvum with about two
dozen flowers, a fine A. sesquipedale, the beautiful albino Zygopetalum
Mackayi Charlesworthii, a very fine Sophrocattleya Saxa (S. grandiflora X
C. Triane Uplands var.), with a brillant crimson flower, Odontoglossum
Dora, crispum, Aireworth, and armainvillierense xanthotes, Odontioda
Royal-Gem, Sophrolezlia heatonensis, and s
cattleyas (Silver Flora Medal). 08
Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group ‘of
Cypripediums, including .a series of C.
triumphans, C. aureum vir
Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge,
plants, including good exam
Alexanderi, Lelia anceps an
shawie, with a few good Leli
Medal).
insigne and Leeanum, Cs
ginale, and numerous other good hybrids (Silver
staged a group of well-grown
ples of Cymbidium Doris, Gottianum, and
d autumnalis, Odontioda Diana and Brad-
ocattleyas and Cypripediums (Silver Banksian
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. A
Ibans, staged a good group, including
Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba a
nd forms of C. Triane, Lelia albida
and L, anceps Sanderiana, a well-flowered Restrepia striata, Phaius
maculatus, Xylobium squalens, the rare Odontoglossum nevadense, Sophro-
Cattleya Goldfinch, and various other interesting things (Silver. Banksian
Medal),
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, showed Leliocattleya Queen Elizabeth
(L.-c. Gottoiana x C. Carmen), with lilac coloured. sepals and petals, and
a ruby purple lip with two yellow blotches in the throat. mM
Messrs. Hassall & Ca,; Southgate, sent a good form: of Leliocattleya
Cecilia (C. Trianz * L.-e, luminosa), shaving salmon yellow sepals and
petals, and a ruby crimson lip.
i Jaana
]
FeBRUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID: REVIEW. a»
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. AH
CyPRIPEDIUM CHRISTOPHER VAR. GRAND DuKE NicHoLas (Actus
Mrs. F. H. Cann x Leeanum Corona).—A very fine form, most resembling
the latter in general character, and having a very broad, white dorsal sepal,
with a small green base and numerous purple spots. Exhibited by G. F.
Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-the- Water (gr. Mr. W. H. Page):
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CYMBIDIUM CONINGSBYANUM BROCKHURST VAR: (grandifloram X
insigne).—A fine form, having light yellow sepals and petals tinged with
pink, and the lip with numerous red spots. The plant bore two strong
spikes. Exhibited by F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead.
CypRIPEDIUM ARTHURIANUM LANGLEYENSE (insigne Harefield Hall var.
x Fairrieanum).—A particularly fine form, having a very broad dorsal
sepal, with large dark brown blotches. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black.
CYPRIPEDIUM PYRAMUS VAR. CHARDWAR IDEAE (Hera Euryades X Mrs.
Wm. Mostyn).—A finely-shaped flower, having the dorsal sepal very broad,
white, blotched with chocolate-red, and the petals and lip yellow with
mahogany brown tinge and markings. Exhibited by G. F. Moore, Esq.
ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMIUM XANTHOTES (armainvillierense xanthotes X
crispum virginale).—A very beautiful white form, with a yellow crest to the
lip, and an occasional yellow spot on the segments. Exhibited by Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. The plant was finely grown, and bore a very
strong spike, gaining a Cultural Commendation for the grower, Mr. J,
Collier.
At the meeting held on January 19th the Orchids were rather less
numerous, and the awards consisted of four medals and two First-class
Certificates. 3
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), C. J. Lucas, Gurney Wilson, W. H. White,
T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth; A. Dye, S. W. Flory, F. Sander, R. G.
Thwaites, J. E. Shill, C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, F. M. Ogilvie, R. A. Rolfe,
F. J. Hanbury, W. Bolton, Sir Harry J. Veitch and Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent a
well-grown plant of Odontonia Lairessee, bearing a: fine panicle of bloom,
the handsome Odontioda Latona, which is remarkable for the heavy violet-
purple blotches on the segments, and a few young seedling Cattleyas show-
ing the early development of the pseudobulbs.
Sir M. E. M. Buller, Broomhill, Spratton, Northants (gr. Mr. Kench),
sent Sophrocattleya Wellesley Broomhill var., bearing a bright rosy
Crimson flower.
58 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FepruaRy, 1918,
His Grace The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace (gr. Mr.
Hunter), sent Cypripedium Iona (bellatulum X Fairrieanum), and C.
Euphemia (Euryades x Earl of Tankerville), a well-blotched flower most
like the former.
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
Cattleya Trianz Dorothy, with remarkably broad petals, and the colour
lilac-purple, with the front of the lip ruby-purple and the disc orange.
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a large and
handsome group, chiefly made up of the beautiful Cattleya Maggie- Raphael
alba, with some good Cypripediums, including C. Monte (nitens X
Fairrieanum), C. Pyrrha (Charlesworthii X Druryi), C. Beryl x Sallieri, a
fine flower, with a predominance of yellow in the coloration, Miltonia
Bleuana, Dendrobium chessingtonense, and Odontioda Henryi (Odm.
harvengtense X C. Neetzliana), with orange red flowers (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a bright group,
containing a profusely-flowered Miltonia Phalenopsis, Dendrobium Wardi-
anum, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, O. Artemis, a richly-coloured form,
O. armainvillierense, Odontioda Diana, Lelia anceps Reeblingiana,
Cattleya Percivaliana grandiflora, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a good group, including
fine forms of Cymbidium Alexanderi, Schlegelii and Gottianum, the latter
with three racemes, Sophrocattleya November, Leelia anceps Schroederiana,
Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, Odontioda Euterpe and Diana, and a few
good Cypripediums (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, includ-
ing Cattleya Percivaliana Albatross, Ccelogyne Mooreana and lentiginosa
Dendrobium aureum, Masdevallia ignea and Hincksiana, Lzliocattleya
Trimyra, Bulbophyllum Medusz, Odontioda Devosiana, two well-flowered
plants of the singular little Epidendrum laterale, with short basal raceme of
pale green flowers, and several good Cypripediums (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid Dene, Twyford, showed Odonto-
glossum Fletcherianum nigrescens, with heavily blotched flowers, and a
fine Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, having white sepals and petals and a
crimson lip veined with yellow.
Messrs. Flory and. Black, Slough, sent Cymbidium Floryi (grandi-
florum X Veitchii), a fine thing, having light green sepals and petals, and a
white lip with many small red spots.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
BRASSOCATTLEYA CLIFTONII ALBENS (B.-c. Veitchii Queen Alexandra
x C. Triane alba).—A finely-shaped flower, nearly pure white in front,
but with a distinct purple tinge at the back of the sepals, and the disc of
the lip yellow. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
FEBRUARY, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 59
DENDROBIUM TRIUMPH (pulchellum (Dalhousieanum) X_thyrsiflorum).
—A very fine thing, resembling the former, both in habit and floral
character, but more white in the ground colour. The raceme bore five
flowers. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND.
The following are the awards given at the meeting held on Decem-
ber 17th, 1914, which was crowded out of our last report at p. 30 :—
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Cypripedium Vashtii (Adrastus Marie x Leeanum giganteum), a
grandly-shaped flower, the dorsal sepal rather finer than C. Alcibiades
illustre, and C. Idina Lee’s var. (insigne Harefield Hall x Countess of
Carnarvon), a very large and finely-shaped flower, with well-blotched dorsal
sepal, both from W. R. Lee, Esq.
Odontoglossum Admiral Sturdee (parentage unknown), an almost round
flower, with very broad sepals and petals and the violet colour extending
over the whole surface, from Messrs. J. & A. McBean.
Awarps OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum crispum Dr. J. E. Helm, O. eximium var. Zenith;
Odontioda Brewii var. Rembrandt, and O. Diana Ashlands var., all from
R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum Lawre-crispum (Lawrenceanum xX crispum), Cypri-
pedium Actzeus Palatine (Leeanum giganteum X insigne Harefield Hall),
C. Alabaster Walton Grange var. . (Alcibiades X Godsefhanum), and
Cattleya Leda Walton Grange var. (Dowiana aurea X Percivaliana), all
from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cypripedium eboriacum Gratrixie (nitens Xx insigne Harefield Hall),
and C. Bessie (aureum X Antinous), both from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Odontoglossum Esthwaite, parents unknown, from A. R. Handley, Esq.
Cymbidium Alexanderi rubellum, and Brassocattleya Eileen (B.-c.
Fournieri x C. labiata albens), both from A. J. Keeling & Sons.
Cypripedium Grand Duke, parentage unknown, from the Liverpool
Orchid and Nursery Co.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January
7th, 1915, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Cromble-
holme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher,
J. Evans, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W.
Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), staged a group, to
which a Silver-gilt Medal was awarded. It included Odontoglossum
Jasper, Blue John, eximium, Wilckeanum Empress of India, Lambeauianum
bo THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Fepeuary, 19té.
var. Humming Bird, crispum Josephine, and others, Odontiodas, Cypri-
pedium Leeanum Gratrixiz and Lavertonianum, C. Minos Youngii, Earl
of Tankerville, Carola, aureum Hyeanum, The King, Orion, Bellum, nitens
Prince Olaf, and others; Lelia anceps Sanderiana, Leliocattleya bletch-
leyensis, Cattleya O’Brienana alba, Masdevallias Schroederiana and
tovarensis, and others.
Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher), was awarded a
Silver Medal for a group, including Odontoglossums Mrs. Hattie Barreiss,
Dora, Christopher Geddies, Cypripediums Queen Alexandra, Rossetti,
Tommy Syers, Bernal Bagshaw, Lord Ossulston, Mrs. Florence Boundy,
Leliocattleya Neleus Marlfield var., and others.
Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall), was
also awarded a Silver Medal for an interesting group of home-raised
Cypripedium seedlings, about thirty plants, showing great variety, three of
which gained awards.
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), staged a group
of well-grown Cypripediums, including King George, Beacon magnificum,
Dante, Actzus, langleyense, Memnon inversum, Antinous, Leeanum
giganteum and Ballie, Earl of Tankerville, insigne Sander and citrinum,
with others, a Silver Medal being awarded.
F. A. Hindley, Esq., Great Horton, Bradford, was awarded a Silver
Medal for a group of Cypripediums, including Leeanum Hindleyanum,
Clinkaberryanum, Corona, giganteum, and Keeling’s var., insignes Sandere,
Laura Kimball, Ernestii, Harefield Hall, and Alberta, Euryades New Hall
Hey, Actzus revolutum, Earl of Tankerville, Parkerianum, rawdonense,
Hitchinsiz magnificum, Thalia giganteum, Mrs. F. Wellesley, and others.
The Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks (gr. Mr. Benstead), sent
three handsome Orchids, each of which gained an award.
H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea (gr. Mr. W. J. Morgan), staged seedling
Cypripediums, C. alportense x Fairrieanum, Earl of Tankerville x
Fairrieanum, Lord Wolmer x Charlesworthii, and Leeanum Corona’
bellatulum album. : |
Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Brown), sent Cypripedium
Princess Patricia of Connaught.
Messrs. Cypher & Sons; Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Medal
for a group of Cypripediums, including Mrs. F. Godman, Actzus Miss
Cann, Sybil, Leeanum Clinkaberryanum, Euryades, splendens, triumphans,
Curtmanii punctatum, Sanacdere, Arthurianum Sanderz, and a number
of fine unnamed seedlings.
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were also awarded a Silver Medal
for a mixed group, including some. choice Cypripediums, Odontoglossum
Ypres, waltonense, harvengtense, Rossii, and QO. eximium X Wilckeanum,
FEBRUARY, 1915,| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 61
Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, Leliocattleya Mauretania.and Phryne,
Brassocattleya Sedenii, Lelia Gouldiana, and others.
Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, was awarded a Bronze Medal for a group,
including a fine variety of Odontoglossum crispum, with Cypripedium and
Odontioda seedlings in variety.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Lelia anceps Hardyana,
Cypripedium keighleyense and C. venustum Measuresianum, also a fine
Odontioda.
Mr. J. Evans, Congleton, sent Cattleya Pittiana xX Brassocattleya
Fourneri.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Cypripedium Lady Evelyn James (Leeanum Lavertonianum X aureum
virginale), a large flower with magnificent flat dorsal sepal, from the Hon.
Robert James.
Cypripedium Lathamianum var. Cardinal Mercier, a gigantic flower, of
red colour, excelling all others of the type, raised and exhibited by Rev. J.
Crombleholme.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cypripedium Hassallii St. Mary’s var., and Acteus St. Mary’s var.,
raised and exhibited by the Rev. J. Crombleholme.
_. | Qdontioda Rossendale (Odm. Ceres X Oda. Charlesworthii), Oncidium
Yaricosum var. Buttercup, both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
.» Cypripedium x Richmond (parentage unknown), from the Hon. Robert
‘James.
i AWARD OF APPRECIATION.»
Calanthe Jezebel (atrorubens X Wm. Murray), from the Hon. Robert
James.
At the meeting held on January 21st the members of Committee present
were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J.
Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, A. J.
Keeling, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward,
and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr.
Mr. Gilden), and W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), for
very fine miscellaneous groups, in both of which Odontoglossums and
Cypripediums were particularly well represented. }
Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M-P., Blackburn (gr.
Mr. Lupton); F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford; Messrs. Cypher & Sons,
Cheltenham; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Mr. W.
Shackleton, Bradford, for fine groups, the latter including an interesting
series of Odontioda seedlings showing much diversity in form and colour.
62 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, I9I5.
Interesting exhibits were staged by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr.
Rogers), Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, and Mr. J. Evans, Lymm,
Mr. Wrigley’s exhibit being the distinct and pretty little Cirrhopetalum
gracillimum.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Nerissa (O. nzevium majus X_ blotched crispum),
Cypripedium Mrs. Arkle, C. Euryades var. Rex, and Leliocattleya
waltonensis, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cypripedium nobilior (insigne Harefield Hall x Beeckmanii), and
Odontoglossum crispum Sir Trevor, both from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium Longford Hall (insigne Harefield Hall x alportense), from
S. Gratrix, Esq.
Odontioda Schroederi aurea, from Mr. W. Shackleton.
Cattleya Percivaliana King of the Belgians, from Mr. J. Evans.
--
Kid ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. |2 ar
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during
February, on the 2nd and 16th. The Orchid Committee will meet at the
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will meet at the
Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February 4th and 18th. The Committee
meets at noon, and exhibits are open to the inspection of members and the
public from one to 4 p.m.
Our American contemporary, Horticulture, under the heading, California
Notes, states that ‘* the MacRorie-Maclaren Co. shipped 1400 Ph ~=nopsis
blooms to San Francisco for the Christmas trade.” Their origin is not
stated. Ata meeting of the Pacific Coast Horticultural Society held on
January 2nd, ‘“‘the exhibit of the evening was one of Oncidium splendidum,
brought by the MacRorie-MacLaren Co., which was rated at 99 points.”
We also learn that the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at its first
meeting of the year awarded to E. B. Dane a silver medal for a beautiful
specimen Cattleya Trianz alba, and to Donald MacKenzie, gardener to
Mr. Dane a cultural certificate for a plant of Chysis aurea bearing eight
flowers. Cymbidium Gottianum (eburneum x insigne) from the same
exhibitor was much admired. On the exhibition table were some lovely
Orchid groups. F. J. Dolansky was represented by a large group of Cattleya
Trianz, including the white form. Col. Chas. Pfaff (gr. George Melvin)
staged a superb specimen of Lelia anceps bearing 22 spikes of flowers.
FEBRUARY, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63
At a meeting of the North Shore Horticultural Society, Mass., a
Certificate of Merit was awarded to Ernest Townsend for a very fine plant
of Cypripedium insigne in a 10-inch pot.
The New Jersey Floricultural Society have adopted for the eight monthly
competitions of the coming year a set of six classes, to be adjudicated
according to a scale of points. Class 1 is for the best Orchid plant in
flower, and there are three prizes, of seven, five, and two dollars, and the
winner of the highest number of points at the series of eight meetings to
receive the prizes.
Under the heading of ‘‘ Pleasing Floral Arrangements” the issue for
December 12th illustrates what is called ‘“‘A Quaint Dinner Favor of
Oncidiums,” from a photograph sent by Max Schilling, of New York. It
represents a few short sprays of Oncidium varicosum in an eartl shoe
Mr. Pantia RaLL1.—We have much pleasure in announcing that Mr.
Pantia Ralli, Ashtead Park, Surrey, has been elected a member of the
R.H.S. Orchid Committee for the coming year.
R.H.S. ScrentTiFIC COMMITTEE.—The following notes on Orchids
exhibited at the meetings of the Committee are taken from the Official
Report (continued from vol. xxii. page 375) :—
January 5th, 1915 :—
EFFEcT of LiGHT oN OrcHIDS.—Mr. Gurney Fowler sent a number of
young Orchid plants to draw attention to the short, stout, and sturdy new
pseudobulbs formed since the plants were removed to their new quarters at
Pembury, Kent, and away from the smoke area in which they were grown
heretofore. Sir Edward im Thurn said the appearance of the plants
teminded him of that shown by Cattleya superba when growing wild on the
outer branches of trees where much light gained access to It.
Mr. “>wler also sent a plant of Cattleya Luege bearing flowers on both
an old ana a new growth; the flowers on the former opened about three
days before those on the latter.
January 19th, 1915 :—
OpontocLossum HorsManu.—Mr. R. A. Rolfe exhibited a flower of an
Odontoglossum that flowered among some imported O. Pescatorel with
Mr. W. Bazeley, Twyford, Berks. He referred it to O. Horsman, Rchb.
t, originally described as a natural hybrid between O. Pescatorei and O-
lnteopurpureum, but suggested that O. sceptrum (not luteopurpureum) was
the second parent, as it has the rounder shape and broader segments of the
latter, as was also the case with the earlier form. The flower was cream
White, with a group of red-purple spots on each segment, while the lip was
y ellow, witha red blotch in front of the sceptrum-like crest.
CyYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM X C. INSIGNE SANDER ae Boltonii).—Mr. Rolfe
64 THE ORCHID REVIEW: (FEBRUARY, 1915.
also exhibited a flower of a Cypripedium from Mr. W. Bolton, of Wilders-
pool, from one of several plants raised from C. x Boltonii, stated to be
crossed with another form. All alike had albino flowers, with a few minute
purple spots on the standard. C. x Boltonii itself provides a good example
of a dominant white.
& | 7 ORCHID PORTRAITS.
ERIDES VIRENS.-—Orch. World, v. p. 92, fig.
BRASSOCATTLEYA CLIFTONII ALBENS.—Gard. Mag., 1915, p. 45, fig.
CLoGYNE VEITCHII.—Orch. World, v. pp. 80, 81, fig.
CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI ALBENS.—Gard. Chron., 1915, i. p. 26, fiz. 6.
CYMBIDIUM CONINGSBYANUM BROCKHURST VAR.—Gard. Mag., 1915, DP.
30,-fIB Se |
CYPRIPEDIUM ARTHURIANUM LANGLEY vAR.—Gard. Chron., 1915, 1. P.-
23, fig. 5.
CYPRIPEDIUM GRAND DukE NicHoLas.—Gard. Mag., 1915, p. 19, lig.
DENDROBIUM PRIMULINUM.—Journ. Hort., I9I5, 1. p. 2, fig.
EPIDENDRUM ELEGANTULUM.—Oreh. World, v. p. 84, fig.
EPIDENDRUM EnpbREsII.—Orch. World, v. p- 84, fig.
EPIDENDRUM WALLIsII.—Qrch. Iorld, v. pp. 82, 83, fig.
OponTiopa Latoxa.—Gard: Chyron., 1915. 1. pp. 47, 48, fig. 15.
ODONTOGLOSsUM MiraBeau VaR. MASTIFF.—Orch. World, v. p. 75, fig.
ODONTOGLOssuM Rossi! IMMACULATUM.—Journ. Hort., 1915, 1. p. 42, fig.
OponTOGLossuM.-Rossit ROSEFIELDIENSE. —Journ. Hort., 1915, i. p- 43:
ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM.— Orch. World, v. p. 89, fig.
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. ky |
{Orchids ave named and questims answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are
requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used ). Subjects of special
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work]
B.— Please say whether the plant appeared in an importation or was raised artificially.
It is not a form of Odontoglossum Wilckeanum.
G.H.S.—We believe the plant is a form of Cymbidium cyperifolium, but should like to
see it again when better developed.
eceived with thanks.—E.C., J.T.B., E.F.C.
h
: ; Seed Catalogue for 1915. The
following may interest our readers: “Orchids, greenhouse perennial, height 1 foot, 25
seeds, many grand kinds, id.
Sad
—
L. The Orchid Review 4
©
VoL. XXIII. Marcu, 1915. No. 267.
= ze Le .
ees | ORCHID CULTURE AND EVOLUTION. Axel
PAPER entitled “The Development of Orchid Cultivation and its
bearing upon Evolutionary Theories,” by J. Constantin, appears in
the Smithsonian Report for 1913 (pp- 345-358). The author remarks:
“When crowds throng our horticultural exhibitions they are struck chiefly
by the brilliant splendour of colour, the rich variety of forms, and the
strange transformations produced in the vegetable kingdom by the art of
the plant breeder; but they are often incapable of appreciating the true
importance of all the wonders displayed before their gaze.
“ What at once strikes anyone who examines the Orchids is the bizarre
aspect of these plants—their slender forms, their thick, fleshy leaves, their
aérial roots, their bulbous bases, all contrasting with the incomparable
brilliance of the corollas. Everyone still feels something of the sensations,
so well described by de Puydt, which were experienced by visitors to the
Orchid houses long ago when these plants were beginning to be grown in
numbers in Europe. ‘ You would enter the house full of Orchids with
eager curiosity, as though it were some shrine where a tangible mystery
was to be unfolded. The method of growth without soil, the aérial roots,
the heavy atmosphere, the abnormal leaves, the strange aspect, would grip:
you all at once, and if blossoms were open with their peculiar forms, fleshy
petals, sombre colours, and penetrating perfumes, you stood overwhelmed
at the display and at the patience of the gardener.’
“What used to cause so much astonishment at the method of growth
of Orchids resulted from a peculiarity of these plants which was then little
understood, namely, that they are children of the air, or, in other words,
“epiphytes ’—in short, the curious plants which Linnzus included in his
genus Epidendrum to indicate that they had the common characteristic of
growing upon trees. The author then notes how the Portuguese
Missionary, Loureiro, was strongly impressed by the habit of the growth
of Aérides odoratum, which lived ‘ freely suspended in the air with neither
food nor any base, either terrestrial or aquatic,’ and, again, how Loddiges
65
66 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Marcu, ris
declared that he had received Oncidium bifolium from a traveller returning
from Montevideo, who had seen the plant flower, deprived of all soil, in the
-cabin he occupied on shipboard.
“Horticulturists tried from the first to reproduce artificially the
‘conditions for aérial life, and it was thus that the celebrated Joseph Banks,
in 1817, described the first attempts at culture in frames suspended from
the roof of the greenhouse. Treatment of Orchids in pots with some sort
-of earth, which had been the method employed in the first attempts at
cultivation at the end of the eighteenth century, was altogether barbarous.
and inevitably resulted in the death of the delicate aérial. No one would
think of making a fish live out of water. How could one expect that a
‘species accustomed to a free epiphytic life would accommodate itself
without injury to a low terrestrial existence ? ”
The paper then goes on to describe the cultural experiments, the vast
introductions, and the great extension of Orchid culture, until in course
-of time the secret of raising them from seed caused a revolution in the
industry. In 1822 the French botanist, Du Petit Thouars, remarked that
‘it was believed for a long time that the seeds were incapable of the first act
-of vegetation, and only a short time before had their germination been
“observed in England by Dr. Salisbury.
As the nineteenth century progressed other examples of germination
were recorded, and this led to another development, namely hybridisation,
-a work which had been carried on with great success among other garden
plants. Up to the middle of the nineteenth century growers had not under-
taken the task with Orchids, because of their inabi
lity to secure germination,
and horticultural activity,
rendered fruitless, had to exercise itself in some
other direction to satisfy the admirers of the beautiful plants. It was thus
that importations became so extensive. Nowhere else in the vegetable
kingdom is there another province where th
from this point of view.
The extension of the method of hybridisation to Orchids, commenced by
Dominy in the Veitchian Establishment, inaugurated a new era, which has
practically revolutionised Orchid culture. After giving details of the
progress of hybridisation, the author remarks that despite the wonderful
results cited those who obtained them were, until the last few years,
ignorant of the true reason for the cultural technique they employed, and
there were numerous inexplicable failures. The riddle was solved by the
discovery that the germination of Orchid
€ exertion has been so prodigious
seeds was due to the action of
MarcH, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67
of this plant which was bent towards the ground and had dehisced upon
the soil. Its seeds had germinated. Upon studying their structure he
saw that they were infected by a fungus, in all probability the same as that
upon the roots of the parent plant. This happy observation shed a ray of
light ; it explained all the failures in cultivation experienccd by growers, as
well as the reason for their success when they placed the seeds about the
‘base of the mother plant.
- Some interesting applications of the discovery to cultural methods are
then described, and objections answered, and it is remarked: ‘It could
not be anticipated that the biology of these plants was so extraordinary.
They are in short, plants that are normally diseased, which not only
accommodate themselves to their parasites but are unable to exist without
them.”
At present three species of these fungi have been described, one which
inhabits the roots of Cypripediums, Cattleyas, and Lelias; another which
is associated with species of Phalaenopsis and Vanda, and a third restricted
to Odontoglossums. ‘‘ These fungi, ordinarily parasites, can be cultivated
away from their usual host upon an artificial medium. It is then found
that their threads have the property of rolling upon themselves into a ball,
so that under artificial conditions they conduct themselves in the same
manner as in the cells of the host which they have invaded in the usual
fashion.”
Any bearing the facts recorded may have upon evolutionary theory is
limited to the concluding paragraph, where it is remarked: ‘‘ At present
too much attention is given to the study of hybrids. The Mendelian laws,
so long forgotton, and recently brought to light by the work of De Vries,
Tschermak, Correns, and Bateson, would lead one to believe that the key
to the riddle of evolution had been found. These laws, it must be stated,
are applicable to very simple cases, such as that of two varieties which
differ from each other by one or a small number of characters. The
characters of their offspring are then subject to indisputable mathematical
laws. They do not seem applicable, at least at the present moment, to
cases of two parent species of an offspring, differing from each other by
Numerous characters. If even these complex cases could be cleared up and
feconciled with Mendelian principles, the result would be a theory eat
€volution takes place only in the ovule. Can we admit that an exterior
influence can never cause the appearance of new characters? Upon this
All that has been set forth above
there can be no division of opinion.
which is in accordance
with regard to the Orchids plead a contrary case,
with the theory set forth by Lamarck, the famous disciple of Buffon.”
_ It will thus appear that M. Constantin favours the view so ably defended
by Prof, Dendy (see pp. 290-295 of our last volume).
63 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaRcH, 1915.
By NEW ORCHIDS. 3
NOTHER Decade of New Orchids has appeared in the Kew Builletin,.
i; | of which the following six are in cultivation :—
CIRRHOPETALUM FORMOSANUM, Rolfe.—A Formosan species, which was:
sent to Kew by Mr. W. R. Price two years ago, and has flowered on two or
three occasions. The flowers are straw yellow, with a deep yellow lip, and.
a suffusion of pink in the petals. It is allied to the Himalayan C. elatum,
Hook. f.—Kew Bulletin, 1914, p. 372.
IONE FLAVESCENS, Rolfe.—A dwarf Burmese species, which flowered in
the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in September, 1g14. It was
collected on Mt. Victoria by Mrs. Wheeler Cuffe, and is allied to I.
Andersonii, Kiag & Pantl., and, like it, has two clavate stripes on either
side of the broad column, each with a distinct squamiform gland. The
sepals are pale yellow, and the petals and lip deep yellow.—l.c., p. 373.
CGLOGYNE SIAMENSIS, Rolfe.—Sent from Bangkok, Siam, by Mr. C.
Roebelen, and flowered at Kew in October, 1914. It is near C. lentiginosa,
Lindl., and has pale green sepals and petals, and the lip light yellow, with
brown markings.—l.c., p. 373.
ARUNDINA SUBSESSILIS, Rolfe.—Introduced from Upper Burma by
Messrs. Sander & Sons, and flowered in the collection of H. J. Elwes,
Esq., Colesborne, Gloucestershire, in September, 1914. The flowers are
nearly sessile at the apex of the shoots, and the flowers whitish with lilac
tips to the sepals and petals, a broad violet-purple zone round the limb of
the lip, and the keels yellow.—i.c., Pp: 374.
Potystacuya Histopm, Rolfe.—Sent to Kew by Mr. A. Hislop, Makoni
Kop, Rusapi, S. Rhodesia, and flowered in the collection in September,
1914. The sepals and petals are light emerald green, and the lip white
with a rose-coloured margin, a few similar radiating lines on the side lobes,
and a few purple spots at the base of the front lobe. Except in the details
of the lip it is much like P. Lawrenceana, Krinzl., from the Upper
Zambesi.—l.c., p. 375.
ZYGOPETALUM PRAINIANUM, Rolfe.—Imported from Peru by Messrs-
Sander & Sons, through their collector, L. Forget, and flowered at St-
Albans in September, 1914, afterwards passing into the Kew collection.
The sepals and petals are dusky brown, with obscure green stripes on the
petals, and the lip white, lined with light rose purple on the crest. It is
allied closely to the Roraima Z. Burkei, Rchb. f.—J.c., p. 376.
The other four novelties are South African Eulophias described from
dried specimens.
MARCH, Ig15.| THE ORGAID. REVIEW. 69
ORCHID CULTURE IN BELGIUM. fy
HIS was the subject of a paper read at the Kew Gardeners’ Mutual
Improvement Society on January 18th, by Mr. H. P. Chollet, an
assistant in the Orchid houses at Kew, and son of M. Chollet, foreman of
Messrs. Sander & Sons’ Bruges Establishment.
The essayist prefaced his remarks with a few words about M. J. J.
Linden, a name famous in the annals of horticulture, and one of the
pioneers of Orchid cultivation in Belgium. Born in 1817, at Luxembourg,
Linden became a distinguished schclar and linguist, well versed in
Geography, Botany, and Geology, and when the Belgian Government
decided to send a scientific expedition to Brazil they chose him as its chief.
The expedition was successful, and returned to Belgium in 1837 with a
splendid collection of living botanical zoological specimens. Gratified with
the results of the first trip, the Belgian Government decided to send Linden
out again, with the task of exploring Mexico, Guatemala, and the Greater
Antilles. Linden and his party were away for four years and four months,
returning in 1847. Apart from the extensive collection of dried botanical
specimens, which were distributed amongst the different European Herbaria,
he also introduced to Europe a censiderable number of living Orchids, some
of them for the first time.
Linden was still possessed with the travel spirit, and he sailed again the
same year, this time to Colombia. After revisiting the Sierra Nevada and
Cuba he returned home, with his health impaired by ten years of hardships
as a scientific explorer. The Orchids collected during this expedition were
described by Lindley in a special publication, entitled ‘‘ Orchidaceae
Lindeniana,’ and included novelties in Masdevallia, Odontoglossum,
Oncidiums of the higher Cordilleras, Uropedium Lindenii, Anguloas,
and others, which we cultivate to-day.
~ On his return Linden established himself in business as a nurseryman at
Brussels, the establishment being largely devoted to the introduction of
exotic plants which he had met with during his travels. A few years later
he was appointed Director of the Brussels Zoological Gardens, a post
which he filled for ten years. For many years he sent collectors to
Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guatemala, Assam, and other localities, and soon
took a leading position in supplying European horticulturists with new
plants, including Orchids, of which a very large number were introduced by
him for the first time. He died in 1898, in his 81st year.
In giving a brief outline of Orchid culture in Belgium, it was pointed
Out that the last quarter of a century had witnessed a great development,
7° THE ORCHID REVIEW. LMaxcu, Igrs.
and was now quite a large industry. There were several reasons for this.
First, the geographical position was good, Belgium being surrounded by
the great nations, Germany, France, England, and Holland, while
Antwerp, the third greatest port in the world, has shipping connections
with America and many other countries, and freight rates are comparatively
low. Secondly, fuel was cheap, there being coal mines close at hand, and
the cost of fuel is an important factor in a large nursery consisting mainly
of glass. Thirdly, the climatic conditions were favourable, the temperature
being temperate and the atmosphere moist, and, lastly, labour was
abundant.
The chief establishments are near Ghent, Brussels, and Bruges, and it
made one feel sad and to think of the beautiful nurseries in this garden of
Europe which were now, many of them, devastated by the war.
Housrs.—Belgian Orchid houses were generally small, and the
foundations level with the surrounding surface. The frame work consists
generally of wood with brick walls, and the houses were not built close
together, as a little space was left for aeration. They were span-roof
structures, facing West and East, varying in size, with a central path and
resting directly on the brickwork, while other large span-roof houses had
two paths and a central Stage, which might be flat or have shelves to
provide a larger staging area. Along the east and north sides of the
nursery would be a big wall, against which are built half-span roof houses,
used for certain species, especially hanging varieties. The lecturer had
seen many establishments with one or two houses, facing north with
ventilators at the top and sides, where Cool Orchids grew well.
HEATING was done by means of hot-water pipes, with the boiler outside,
these being of the saddle-back type, though a few of the sectional kinds are
now in use. Some nurseri
thick straw mats, a practice
tely upon fire heat alone, and this, of course
apparatus, but the fuel used was coke and briquette.
VENTILATION followed the usual system, the lower ventilators being
atmospheric moisture, due regard bein
the period of vegetative activity,
leaves, not requiring the same amou
leaves. The temperature and intensity of the light had also to be takeB_
MARCH, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7¥
‘into consideration. Epiphytal Orchids rely mainly upon atmospheric
moisture for their requirements.
SHADING.—There were various systems of shading in Belgium. In a
few establishments reed blinds were used, while others employed a stipple
of lime sprayed on the glass. Mexican Lelias thrive exceeding well under
the latter conditions, and such shading answered admirably for the ends of
houses. The process most commonly used in Belgium was the roof shading
of canvas or articulated lattices, with an interval between the glass and the
shading of 20 centimetres. Shading varied according to the species, and it
was essential to preserve a proper balance between the amount of light and
shade, with the object of procuring vigorous, healthy, and floriferous.
specimens, which is the Orchidist’s chief aim.
WaTERING.—The operation of watering was one of the most important
factors in Orchid culture, as different species required various treatment in
this respect. Rain water should be provided, and the early morning, before:
the sun becomes hot, was the best time. Care must be exercised in
watering plants, those in active growth requiring plenty, but when‘at rest
only sufficient to prevent them from shrivelling. In Belgium many species
are grown in pure osmunda fibre in small pots. They dry quickly, which.
keeps the plants in good health during the growing and resting periods.
Epiphytal Orchids in their natural habitat receive moisture from the dew
and occasional showers. When the sun comes out evaporation takes place,
and no stagnant water ever remains in the vicinity of the plant. This is the
essential reason why we use a quick drying compost. Plants growing in.
moist places, as under trees, of course require more moisture than
epiphytes. Baskets are watered by half immersing them for a few moments.
in the water tank.
Pottinc.—The potting materials used in Belgium vary with different
firms, which seldom follow the same practice. But I have noticed that
each firm usually cultivates some particular species very well. The:
materials employed are as follows: Osmunda fibre, imported from America.
It is cut up, pulled, and sieved, and makes a firm, porous compost, in which
the roots grow freely, and it permits a free drainage when watering.
Polypodium fibre is also used, but not so commonly as osmunda. Leaf
mould is also used for epiphytal species. A compost which contains leaf
mould should have a layer of moss placed over the crocks when potting, to:
Prevent it from choking the drainage. English loam is used for terrestrial
species. Lastly, sphagnum moss, which is imported from East Belgium
and France. This is used in addition to other substances, and the propor-
tion of sphagnum depends upon the species. Drainage materials are:
crocks, bark, sand, and charcoal. These materials are used according to
the nature of the species, true epiphytes requiring a very porous compost,
72 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (MaRcH, 1915.
and terrestrial subjects a more substantial one, while some are semi-
terrestrial, in fact there is a gradual transition between the two classes.
Pots, pans, or baskets are used according to the character of the plant.
(To be concluded).
[ees ORCHIDS FOR CUT FLOWERS. | rs
PORTRAIT of Mr. Frank J. Dolansky, a noted Massachusetts florist,
4 appears in a recent issue of Horticulture (p. 241), with an account of
the Orchids grown by him for cut blooms for market. Orchids are
extensively grown, the stock amounting to about 35,000 plants.
The houses are built on the southern side of a hill, on a moist gravelly
“soil which gives off sufficient moisture to keep the internal air in the best
possible condition. What with this southern exposure, glass close to the
plants, and heavy humidity, conditions are ideal for producing the large
-and fifiely-coloured Cattleyas for which Mr. Dolansky is noted.
Hundreds of plants are imported every spring and summer, mostly
‘Cattleyas, which Mr. Dolansky grows extensively. His favourite variety is
Cattleya Triane, which, in his opinion, is the best commercial Orchid
grown. It is a rather slow producer of blooms, but it comes out in many
and exquisite variations, and blooms in mid-winter when the demand is
greatest. C. labiata blooms more freely, but comes too early in the winter,
dn fact in the fall, to command the prices of mid-winter. We noted a fine
‘plant of the valuable Cattleya Triane alba. There was also a plant of C.
‘Triane which produces freak blossoms, coming out with double parts,
‘double lips, two pairs of petals, wings, &c.
Some work in hybridising is being done, but it has not been carried far
“enough as yet to show any definite results. A germinating case is noted in
which were Orchid seeds germinating on Turkish towelling covering the
-and safer than starting seed on the moss surface itself, as fungi was liable
to injure the young seedlings. A plant of Cattleya speciosissima was shown
which had three blooms to every stem.
Mr. Dolansky claims a rosy future for the Orchid, which he finds is
becoming more and more popular. Flower buyers are getting educated to
their use, realising that they are long lasting, and that just as much show
-can be secured from one or two Cattleyas as from roo violets. And for
-on the arm or shoulder is much more adaptable than the heavy bouquet of
violets worn at the waist. Mr. Dolansky’s stock consists largely of Orchids
and Gardenias, and the business has been built up Since 1904.
Marcu, 1915. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 73
; gos
: i ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. THE ANGEL, acs)
NNUMERABLE are the _ varieties — so-called — of Odontoglossum
| crispum that have been figured, but we add one more to the series,
namely O. c. The Angel, which flowered in the collection of De Barri
Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks. The photograph here reproduced
was taken in October, 1905, and sent later by Mr. Crawshay. It is a
flower of excellent shape, as to which the figure may be left to speak for
itself, and Mr. Crawshay records the colour as white, with the exception
of a little rose flush on the backs of the sepals and brown on the column,
Fie. 6. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. THe ANGEL.
We cannot say whether the
while the spotting on the segments is brown.
locality of the variety is known, but it is not mentioned in a paper on the
geography of these varieties written by Mr. Crawshay soon afterwards (see
O.R., xiv. pp. 193-196). We are inclined to refer it to the Chiquinquira
type of crispum, for we have seen forms approaching it from this region,
and we should place it in the chain of varieties which connects ©,
Fascinator with O. crispum, a series which can be traced back through
a THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1915.
O. Adrianz, more or less continuously, to O. Hunnewellianum, doubtless
the result of crossing by insect agency through innumerable generations,
Artificial hybridisation will probably throw more light on this interesting
question in the future. Much has already been done, and a few well
directed experiments might solve some of the points that still remain
doubtful.
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY. /
By W. H. Wuirr, for many years Orchid Grower to the
VO
Jate Sir ‘l'revor Lawrence, Bart; KC
HADING.—The season of the year has now arrived when it is necessary
to have the blinds or shadings used on the houses fixed in their places
at once, ready for use at any moment, for the sun is now getting too
powerful for some Orchids, especially where the houses are so situated that
it shines directly on the plants. In the coolest division, particularly span-
roofed structures running north and south, the temperature, under the sun’s
influence, quickly rises above what is necessary to grow the plants to the
highest perfection. This will certainly be the case on clear, bright, cold
days, when the external air, being, perhaps, several degrees below 40°, is
unsuitable to be admitted with sufficient freedom to keep down the
temperature. At such times the blinds should be used. If the external
air is congenial, that is, above 50°, and moist, give abundance of air and
shade less. The blinds on the East Indian, Cattleya, and Intermediate
houses will only have to be let down for an hour or so over those roofs
which fully face the sun. The blinds for the Cool house and the two last-
named divisions should, when down, be five or six inches above the glass,
the benefit of which to Orchid-growing is very great, but those of the East
Indian house may be rolled down on the glass, as a maximum of sun-heat
is necessary for the majority of the plants in this division. The Mexican
house should be very thinly shaded, but the inmates will need no protection
until the sun gets really strong, as the plants delight in an abundance of
sun-heat and light at all times.
ight, to thoroughly examine the new glass for flaws, or if
the offending pane, or the flaws only, with white paint.
PREPARING CoMPOsT.—For the next fe
importance will be Tepotting many of the
renewing the surface of those which do
w months the work of great
plants and young seedlings, or
not need the former operation.
MaRCcH, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. ne
Undoubtedly a great deal of the grower’s time will be occupied at this
season in such necessary work as watering, damping down, shading, &c.,
but it is advisable to spare as much as possible in preparing a good store of
the various substances used for potting, so that later on there will be no
vexatious postponements of the work. Sphagnum moss should be carefully
_ picked clear from leaves and rubbish, and afterwards washed thoroughly in
luke-warm water, so that slugs and their eggs may be got rid of. This, of
course, takes considerable time to do, but certainly not more than the
constant hunting among the plants for these pests that are rarely ever
caught until some valuable flower spikes have been destroyed. Plenty of
osmunda fibre and A 1 fibre should be cleaned, cut up, and freed from as
much dust as possible. If very dry, damp it lightly with a fine sprayer,
and stow it away ready for use.
CALANTHES.—The deciduous Calanthes, Thunias, Cyrtopodiums, &c.,
will soon be ready for repotting, and the principal soil needed for them is
good fibrous yellow loam, which should be got in, and, if possible, laid in a
suitable place to dry, nol too close to the hot-water pipes or boilers, but
somewhere where it can gradually get just warm before being made use of,
otherwise, if employed in a cold, damp state, some of the growths just
starting may receive a check. When sufficiently warm the loam should be
carefully picked over, selecting only the best fibrous pieces, and doing away
with all the finest particles. Fresh cow-dung, which forms an excellent
manure for Calanthes, should be collected and exposed to the sun till it is
fairly dry, when it may be rubbed through a fine sieve and spread out
thinly, keeping it turned over occasionally until quite dry.
East INDIAN HOUSE.—Plants of Vanda teres and V. Hookeriana, with
the hybrids Miss Joaquim and Marguerite Maron, will soon commence to
grow afresh. Those plants that for several months past have been resting
in a cooler division under comparatively dry conditions should now be
removed to this house. — It is advisable to arrange them at one end of the
house, where they may receive uninterrupted sunlight, and only shading
them during the hottest days of summer, or whenever scorching of the top-
most leaves is feared. From the present time syringe the plants overhead
at least once a day, and in bright weather two or three times, and keep
their surroundings moist at all times. If the growths are strong enough
they should, under these conditions, produce large spikes aud highly-
coloured flowers.
IPsEA spEcIosA.—While writing about growing these terete-leaved
Vandas in comparatively full sunshine, I am reminded of the rare Ipsea
speciosa, a terrestrial Orchid which is a native of Ceylon, and possesses
tuberous roots. It isa plant easy to grow, and is well worthy of cultivation.
The flower spikes are about one foot long, and each bears several fairly
76 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Marcu, 1915.
large bright yellow fragrant flowers. The plant succeeds well under the
same atmospheric conditions as that afforded to the Vandas: it will even
stand the strongest sunshine at any time provided there is a good
circulation of air in the house. It requires an abundance of water at the
roots from the time growth commences till the flowers fade. During the
resting season the plant should still be exposed where it can obtain all the
sunlight possible, and the compost kept relatively dry. Repotting may be
undertaken when growth starts afresh, employing a mixture of good fibrous
loam, sandy peat, and leaf svuil with plenty of small crocks intermixed.
DENDROBIUMS.—Many Dendrobiums in the same house will now be
responding to the influence of increased daylight and warmer weather, and
flower buds, which a few weeks ago seemed to be making but little progress,
are now in full beauty, whilst new roots and top growth show that the
resting season is over. Among plants now in flower the species and
numerous hybrids are making a fine show, and where a fairly representative
collection of these plants are grown, there will, if the plants are kept in
a comparatively dry and well ventilated compartment, be many in bloom
for a long time to come. Such species as D. Bensoniz, nodatum, Parishii,
thodopterygium, pulchellum, &c., should still be kept on the dry side
till their flower buds appear. Plants of D. cretaceum, crepidatum,
primulinum, Pierardii, lituiflorum, cucullatum, and many others
whose flower spikes are prominent, will now require more warmth
than their resting quarters afford, and a more generous treatment. The
racemose section will soon be pushing out their flower buds, and in order
to properly develop such the plants must receive a trifle more water at the
root, and the warmer atmosphere of the Cattleya house will greatly assist
them. This section, which is evergreen, contains such fine Orchids as D.
thrysiflorum, densiflorum, Schroederi, Gnffithianum, fimbriatum, Farmeri,
suavissimum, chrysotonum, &c.
THUNIAS.—Towards the end of this month it will be necessary to repot
the Thunias, the principle varieties being T. Marshallii, T. Bensoniz, T-
candidissima, the rare T. Marshallii alba, and the pretty hybrids T.
Veitchii and T. Brymeriana. The plants should be shaken out of the
old compost, and the dead roots shortened to within an inch or two of the
base. The general and most convenient way where space is limited is to
plant seven or eight of the strongest stems together in an eight or nine
inch pot, which should be almost half-filled with crocks, then a layer of turfy
loam over these, the rest of the space being filled with the compost, which
Should consist of good fibrous loam, osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss cut
RR EAE. pen
MaRcH, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. a
find their way into it just before the flower spikes appear, and derive much
benefit from it, while it affords fresh vigour to the new growths. When
repotting, the base of the young growths, which will be several inches high,
should be level with the surface of the compost, and this should be at least
half an inch below the rim of the pot, so as to make watering easy. Each.
stem should have a strong neat stake to hold it firm.
Thunias produce the flower racemes from the apex of the new growth
about the middle of May, and well-flowered specimens make very hand-
some plants, and are extremely useful for decorative purposes generally,
consequently they deserve every attention during their short season of
growth. To be successful in blooming these plants they should be firmly
potted, and then placed in the very lightest position available in the East
Indian house, with the tips of the old stems nearly touching the roof glass.
The young growths revel in moderate sunshine, but when during the middle
hours of the day the sun’s rays become very powerful they should be thinly
shaded. For the next few weeks after repotting and until the growths have
well started, and are making plenty of new roots, water should be sparingly
afforded, but afterwards it may be freely supplied, and when the new shoots
have become well established an occasional dose of weak liquid cow-manure
will be an advantage.
ARUNDINAS.—The pretty Arundina bambusvefolia and A. Philippii are
terrestrial Orchids, which may be similarly treated to Thunias.
AERIDES AND ALLIEs.—Aérides, Saccolabiums, Angrecums, and
Rhynchostylis, unfortunately, are not now so generally grown as they
used to be. Some few of the species of these genera bloom in August and
September, and one or two during the winter months, but the majority of
them flower during the early summer, and when in bloom few Orchids are
more handsome. One might enumerate such plants as Aérides affine, A-
Houlletianum, A. Lobbii, A. Larpente, A. odoratum, A. suavissimum, A.
Fieldingii, A. Schroedere, A. Lawrence and its variety Sanderianum,
Saccolabium giganteum, S. violaceum, and the rare S. Hendersonianum, a
charming little plant with bright rose-coloured flowers, Rhynchostylis retusa,
premorsa, R. guttata, the lovely blue R. ccelestis, Angraecum
sesquipedale, with its large ivory-white flowers, also many smaller
growing plants, as A. fastuosum, A. citratum, A. hyaloides, A. Kotschy,
&c. The majority of these epiphytal plants require the warm, moist
atmosphere of the East Indian house, but a few varieties, as Aérides
crispum, A. Warneri, and A. Lindleyanum prefer the atmosphere of the
Cattleya or Intermediate house, while A. japonicum, A. cylindricum, and
A. Vandarum should be grown cool the whole year round. The two lent
named, having terete leaves, should be grown in the lightest position
available.
78 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1915.
At this season: it is advisable to overhaul these plants and thoroughly
clean them, especially if there be any scale insects on them. Some of the
plants will naturally have lost a number of their lowermost leaves, and a
part of the stem is bare, but if aérial roots are plentiful the stem may be
‘shortened, so that when the plant is put into the new pot the leaves will be
on a level with the rim. Whether the ordinary flower pot, shallow pans,
or teakwood baskets are used, plenty of drainage is necessary. Broken
rocks should be used for drainage, to three-fourths of their depth, then
sufface to the base of the leaves with freshly-gathered sphagnum moss,
which should be pressed down with moderate firmness. After root
‘disturbance the plants should for several weeks be rather heavily shaded.
Remove all flower spikes that appear until each plant becomes well rooted;
other spikes may come later. Plants that are well furnished with leaves
need not be disturbed by repotting, unless larger pots have become
necessary. Merely pick out the old compost and resurface with fresh
sphagnum moss. Keep their surroundings fairly moist by light waterings
with a fine sprayer, so as to encourage root action, and to keep the
sphagnum on the surface in a fresh growing condition. Plants of the rare
Vanda Sanderiana now pushing out fresh roots should have similar
attention, but if the roots are found clinging to anything do not disturb
them if it can be avoided, as if unduly disturbed the plant is not easy to
bring round.
SPATHOGLOTTIS.—Immediately such plants as S. aurea, S. Regnieri, S,
Fortunei, S. Ericssonii, S. Kimballiana, S. Augustorum, and S. Colmanil
commence to grow they should be repotted in the same kind of compost as
advised for the Thunias. When repotted place the plants in a light, moist
position in this hotise, and afford copious root waterings till growth is
completed. The same remarks apply also to Microstylis bella, M. Scottii
M. macrochila, and others.
INTERMEDIATE HOUSE.—In this house plants of Miltonia vexillaria, M.
‘Charlesworthii, M. Hyeana, M. Bleuana, the rare M. Warscewiczii, and
the distinct M. Schrcederiana will now be in full growth, and in consequence
will need plenty of water at the root. While in this condition it is
advisable to examine the growths of M. vexillaria and its allies occasionally,
as some of the young leaves now and then adhere to each other so firmly
that it causes them to become crumpled. When this is observed liberate
them with the handle of a budding knife, or a thin smooth piece of wood,
which is better than loosening them with the fingers, there being less
likelihood of the tender foliage getting injured. I have never found this to
be a good season for repotting or dividing plants of M. vexillaria, but
small plants that were divided early last autumn, cr plants that were
reduced to small-sized pots and have become pot-bound, may be carefully
MarcH, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79
turned out, without the least root disturbance, and repotted into larger-
sized pots. Such varieties as rubella, Leopoldii, and superba will not be so
forward in growth as the others, but they will need similar treatment.
During the winter and early spring months the leaves of these Miltonias are
very liable to become spotted at the tips, which, if the growths are weak
and unsubstantial, indicates that too much heat and moisture are afforded.
These plants should at all times have plenty of fresh air, and being now in
full growth a light syringing on bright, sunny mornings from a fine sprayer,
well up under the foliage, will greatly encourage growth, and assist in
warding off insect pests. The now rare M. Phalznopsis will be passing
through its flowering season, and after the flowers are over still keep the
plant moderately moist at the root.
L&LIA MONOPHYLLA.—A little gem among Lelias is the bright scarlet
L. monophylla, a plant that has always been considered difficult to
import and establish, but when it once becomes well rooted, and not
allowed to over-flower itself, will keep in good health for a long time. If
the plants require fresh material now is the best time to afford the same.
Place them in small, well-drained pots, in a mixture of Osmunda and Ar
fibre. Cut the fibres up finely and pot each plant with moderate firmness,
in such a way that when the plants are watered water will pass as freely as
through a sieve. A good plan is to elevate these small plants among those
of Miltonia vexillaria, the plants thus obtaining the same cultural conditions
as advised for these species.
VANDA TRICOLOR.—Plants of V. tricolor and V. suavis will now be
growing freely, and should receive a little extra water at the roots, their
flower spikes being just discernible. Every precaution should be taken
that the plants are not placed in a position whereby they will receive drip
from the roof, which is likely to accumulate at the base of the leaves and
cause the spikes to decay. These tall growing plants require to be carefully
Protected from strong sunshine at all times, especially those that were
repotted at the beginning of winter, as they are liable to lose a number of
their lower leaves if exposed for any length of time to the direct rays of the
sun, particularly during the early spring months.
TEMPERATURES.—Maintain the following temperatures : Cool house,
50° to 60°; Cattleya and Intermediate houses, 60° to 70°; East Indian
house, 65° to 75°. The lowest temperatures are for night and ene highest
for noon. The Mexican house should be about 55° at night, rising in the
day by sun-heat to 80° with plenty of air. The Cool houses must have
Plenty: of air at all times, and the next two divisions a moderate supply
both by night and day. Give a little air to the East Indian house wie
€ver possible. If on mild nights the lower ventilators are left partially
pen no harm will accrue.
80 THE ORCHID REVIEW | Marcu, 1915.
Fa NEOMOOREA IRRORATA.
N inflorescence of the striking Neomoorea irrorata was included in the
group staged by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. at the R.H.S. meeting
held on February 16th last, and the circumstance reminds us that the
habitat of the plant, so long unknown, can at last be recorded. There is a
fine unnamed specimen in the Lehmann Herbarium, which was collected
by Consul Lehmann in the State of Antioquia in December, 1884. It is
localised as Rio Nuz, between Pavas and Alto grande, at 1000 to 1500
métres elevation (No. 4006 of the collection). In Lehmann’s Catalogue
the locality is given as Woods at San Julian, between the Alto grande and
Rio Nus, at 500 to 600 métres. The discrepancy may be more apparent than
real, for Consul Lehmann had a habit of including gatherings from different
localities under the same number if. he thought them identical, but if
correct it indicates a considerable altitudinal range. This was over five
years before the plant appeared in cultivation, but there seems to be no
connection between the two events. In April, 1890, a plant which had
been purchased at a sale some years previously, under the name of Lycaste
gigantea, flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, and, proving
quite distinct, was described as a new genus, under the name of Moorea
irrorata (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1890, ii. p. 7), being dedicated to Mr. F. W.
Moore, the able Keeperof the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. There was
no other clue to its origin, though Messrs. F. Sander & Co. were thought
to have been the importers. Somewhat later a leaf and inflorescence were
found in a collection of dried plants presented to Kew by Messrs. Charles-
worth, Shuttleworth & Co., but this also was unlocalised, and the origin of
another plant, subsequently recognised in the Brussels Botanic Garden by
Mr. F. W. Moore, was also unknown. The Glasnevin plant again flowered.
in March, 1892, and an inflorescence which received a First-class Certificate
from the R.H.S. was figured (Gard. Chron., 1892, i. p- 489, fig. 73). It was
also figured at t. 7262 of the Botanical Magazine. The Glasnevin plant was
divided, and part sent to Kew, where it*fowered in April, rgo1. It is this
plant, reduced to about a third natural size, which is reproduced in our
present figure. The name was changed to Neomoorea (O.R., xii. p- 3°):
on the discovery that Moorea had been previously applied to the well-known
Pampas grass. The genus is allied to Houlletia, but differs in various
structural details. The lip, owing to the narrow front lobe and the
expanded side lobes veined with blackish purple, bears a_ striking
resemblance to a butterfly attached by its head. The sepals and petals
have an expanse of about two inches, and are of a curious shade of orange
MaRcH, 1915;] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81
Fig. 7. NEOMOOREA IRRORATA.
It is a striking plant, and when out of
brow :
Town, with a nearly white base.
R.A.R.
blo . :
om bears a considerable resemblance to a giant Lycaste.
82 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MarcH, 1915.
|e SOCIETIES. Fes)
RoyaL HORTICULTURAL.
MEETING was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square,
Ai Westminster, on February 2nd, when there was a good display of
Orchids and a much increased attendance of visitors. Six medals were
awarded to groups, and an Award of Merit to a beautiful albino of Cattleya
Triane.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), De Barri Crawshay, W. Bolton, S. W.
Flory, W. H. White, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher,
_J. Cypher, W. Cobb,’ T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, Stuart
Low, Gurney Wilson, J. Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, R. A. Rolfe, and Sir
Harry J. Veitch.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
exhibited Odontioda Joan Fowler’s var., heavily marked with red on a
yellow ground, O. Vivid (C. Neetzliana x O. illustrissimum), bearing a
panicle of about twenty bright crimson flowers, and Sophrocatlelia Sylvia
Fowler’s var.
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
-a fine spike of Cymbidium Pauwelsii Dell var.,
plant, and the beautiful Cattleya Triane The B
flowers.
one of three borne by the
aroness, with nearly white
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Odonto-
glossum amandens Queen of Spain (Wilckeanum x Rolfez), a bright
yellow flower with chocolate blotches.
R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), sent
‘Odontoglossum Cervantesii decorum, with a six-flowered spike.
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a very fine group,
including many plants of Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, Odontoglossum
Royal-Purple, several good O. Thompsonianum, and some blotched seed-
lings, Brassocattleya Vesta, B.sc. Clifton albens, Maxillaria sanguinea,
several brightly-coloured Odontiodas, Cypripedium Juno, and various others
(Silver Flora Medal). :
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group
of well-grown plants, the centre consisting of a fine specimen of Cymbidium
insigne bearing eight spikes, Cattleya Trianze Admiral Beatty, a finely-
shaped form of good colour, C. Enid var. Firmin Lambeau (Mossiz
Reineckeana x Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt), a charming white
flower with pink veining on the lip, C. Clotho, a good plant of the richly-
Marcu, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83
coloured and fragrant Miltonioda Ajax, .Miltonia Bleuana, Brassocatlelia
Joan, Odontonia Louise, some good Cypripediums, Odontoglossum armain- °
villierense xanthotes, bearing a fine panicle, Odontioda Latona, and others
{Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group, consisting
largely of Cypripediums, among which C. Euryades New Hall var., with
twin dorsal sepal, and forms of C. Actzus were conspicuous, while
Angrecum superbum, a few hybrid Calanthes, and some well-bloomed
Masdevallia Schrcederiana were also included (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a bright and pretty
group, including good examples of Cattleya Triane, Leda, Maggie Raphael
alba and Octave-Doin, Brassocattleya Sanderi and Maronii, several good
examples of Lzliocattleya Doris, Oncidium Kramerianum, splendidum and
varicosum Rogersii, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri and McNabianum, with
a few white forms of Lzlia anceps (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a good group, including
several Lzelia anceps Schroederiana, some fine Cymbidium Alexanderi and
Schlegelii, Lycaste Barringtonize with twelve fine flowers, the handsome
Oncidioda Cooksoniz, Sophrocatlelia Marathon, and a few good Odonto-
glossums and Odontiodas (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group, including
several forms of Cattleya Trianz, Cymbidium Gottianum, and others, the
tare Masdevallia trinema, Gomeza Barkeri, well-flowered examples of
Epidendrum polybulbon, Brassocattleya sulphurea var. amabilis (B.-c.
Leemaniz xX C. Gaskelliana alba), a pretty light form with rosy veining
on the lip, Odontoglossum McNabianum majesticum, bearing a fine panicle
of about forty flowers, and a few Cypripediums (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a very fine form of Leliocattleya
luminosa, Odontioda Simone (Oda. Bradshawie xX Odm. Vuylstekei), having’
light yellow flowers blotched with red, and a plant of the distinct Eria rosea.
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a good form of Brassocattleya
Menda, and a handsome Odontioda.
MERIT. ,
CATTLEYA TRIANE depot Bussirnl—s large and beautiful
albino, having broad undulate petals and lip, the disc of the latter being
light yellow. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
At the meeting held on February 16th there was again a good bea
f Orchids, and the awards consisted of five medals, and three Awards 0
erit
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien, De Barri Crawshay, R. Brooman White, Gurney
84 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [Marcu, rors.
Wilson, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, H. G. Alexander, J].
Shill, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, W.
Cobb, Pantia Ralli, A. McBean, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, J. Wilson
Potter, Stuart H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
staged a very fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
consisted chiefly of well-grown Cymbidiums, and included C. grandiflorum
with two fine spikes, C. Lowio-grandiflorum, C. Gottianum, C. gattonense,
C. Lady Colman, C. Queen of Gatton (insigne X Lady Colman), and C.
Woodhamsianum var. Aurora (Veitchii x Lowianum concolor), several of
them in two or more examples. There was also a fine Anguloa Cliftonii,
with three flowers.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent
Cypripedium Ernest Read, a light-coloured Cypripede of unrecorded
parentage, recalling a form of C. Felicity.
C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, sent a good form of
Odontioda Brunette, with dark purple flowers, and Cattleya Trianze Lord
Kitchener, a very fine form with lilac-rose sepals and petals and a darker lip.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent the
handsome Brassocattleya Menda, and Odontoglossum crispo-Wiganianum
var. Buttercup, a bright yellow form with a few red-brown blotches.
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed flowers of the fine Cattleya Trianze Mooreana and C. T. Premier.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a very fine
group, including good examples of Odontoglossum armainvillierense and
var. xanthotes, O. apterum, Odontioda Latona var. Harlequin, with prettily
blotched flowers, the distinct Odontonia Longowoyi, a well-bloomed Sophro-
lzlia Psyche, Sophrocattleya warnhamensis, good examples of Brasso-
cattlalia Joan, Coelogyne sparsa, some good forms of Cattleya Triane, and
a cut spike of the rare Neomooreana irrorata (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a good group, including
Cymbidium Alexanderi, Schlegelii, and Coningsbyanum, well-flowered
examples of Dendrobium Jamesianum, the handsome Oncidioda Cooksoniz,
some good plants of Lelia anceps Sanderiana, Oncidium Cavendishianum,
Lanceanum and splendidum, Odontioda Euterpe, Sophrocattleya Blackii,
and others (Silver Banksian Medal). ;
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a small group of well-
grown plants, including Cymbidium Gottianum, Alexanderi, and Schlegelii,
Odontioda Diana and Bradshawie, Leelia anceps Schreederiana and L. a
Fascinator, the latter a good rose-coloured form, a hybrid between Cypti-
pedium Leeanum and Druryi, and several others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Marc, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group,
including some good Cypripediums and forms of Cattleya Triane, a well-
bloomed Dendrochilum glumaceum, Renanthera Imschootiana, Saccolabium
bellinum, a fine Odontoglossum McNabianum, Masdevallia Pourbaixii,
Coelogyne flaccida, Dendrobium Findlayanum, some good Odontiodas, the
rare Eria lanata, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a hybrid Cypri-
pedium allied to C. Leeanum.
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent Sophrocattleya Cleopatra and a
light-coloured form of Cattleya Trianz.
Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, East Yorks., sent Odontioda Joan
Rawdon var. (Odm. armainvillierense X Oda. Charlesworthii), having well
shaped magenta-crimson flowers, with some dark markings on the lip, and
a yellow crest.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CYMBIDIUM .SCHLEGELII FOWLER’S VAR. (insigne X Wiganianum).—
A very fine form, having large blush white flowers, the sepals and petals
lined with pink, and the lip very broad and copiously blotched with
crimson. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
OponTiopa Patricia (Odm. Phoebe X Oda. Charlesworthii).—A fine
form, having acuminate, bright ruby-purple sepals and petals, and the lip
white with a large ruby-red blotch, and a yellow crest. Exhibited by
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. ;
ODONTOGLOSSUM SANDHURSTIANUM (coronarium X Edwardii).—A
striking hybrid, most like the former in shape and texture, but of deep
claret colour, with a yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by C. J. Phillips, Esq.
MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February
4th, when the members of Committee present were: Z. A. Ward, Esq.
{in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. has
Cowan, j. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, A. ie
Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and
H. Arthur (Secretary).
A Silver-gilt Medal were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), for a very fine and varied group, in which Cypripediums
and Odontoglossums were strongly represented.
Large Silver Medals were given to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange (gr. Mr. Howes); Z. A. Ward, Esgq., Northenden (gr. Mr.
Weatherby) ; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), and
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine representative groups.
Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr.
86 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1918,
Fletcher) ; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, and Messrs. Sander &
Sons, St. Albans, for good groups.
F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford, was awarded a Bronze Medal for a good
group of Cypripediums.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by Mrs. Armitage, Windermere (gr.
Mr. W. Welch); O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers) ; Messrs.
A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Odontogossum illustrissimum var. Sultan, and O. eximium var. Cairo,
both very fine flowers, with almost solid port wine colour, from R. Ash-
worth, Esq.
Cattleya Trianz alba var. Snowflake, a very fine pure white flower, from
Mrs. R. le Doux.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Walton Ruby, O. amabile Thompsonianum, and Cypri-
pedium aureum Hyeanum Thompson’s var., from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cypripedium Lord Fisher (Alcibiades superbum x chrysotoxum Victor),
from Mrs. Armitage.
Brassocattleya Brenda Ashlands var., from R. Ashworth, Esq.
At the meeting held on February 18th the members of Committee
present were: Z. A. Ward, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J.
Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J-
Howes, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp,
G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), and to William Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gt-
Mr. Howes), for fine miscellaneous groups, while a similar award went to
Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr..Mr. Weatherby), for a group of well-
grown Odontoglossums.
Silver Medals were given to Mrs. R.. le Doux,: West Derby (gr. Mr-
Fletcher), F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford, Messrs. Cypher & Sons,
Cheltenham, Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, Messrs. A. J. Keeling &
Sons, Bradford, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, for good groups, the
last-mentioned consisting of Odontiodas raised from the same seed pod, and
showing great diversity of form and colour.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by P. Smith, Esq., Heaton Mersey
(gr. Mr. Thompson), S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown),
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, Messrs. Hassall & Co-r
Southgate, and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy.
FirstT-cLass CERTIFICATES.
Odontoglossum crispum Walton Beauty, a good round flower, with
MaRCH, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87
richly marbled markings, and Cypripedium aureum Hyeanum Goliath, a.
huge flower of the type, from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum Herculaneum (parentage unknown), a large round
flower of perfect form, measuring 3}inches across, and white, with large
single blotches on the sepals, petals, and lip, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedinm Desdemona Haddon House var. (Alcibiades X Mrs. Carey”
Batten), a very fine flower, with the dorsal sepal three inches across, and.
well marked, with a large white margin, and the petals 14 inches wide, from
P. Smith, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontioda Patricia (Charlesworthii x Phoebe), and Cypripedium.
Britannia (parentage unknown), from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontioda Mica (Charlesworthii x Bradshawiz), from R. Ashworth, Esq..
AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.
Odontioda Euterpe (O. Uroskinneri x C. Neetzliana), and Oncidioda
waltonense (M.vulcanica X Onciditm incurvum), from Wm. Thompson, Esq...
THE LATE M. JuLEs HyE DE Crom.—At a meeting of the Orchid_
Committee of the R.H.S., held on March 2nd, Sir Harry J. Veitch, in
moving a vote of condolence, referred in feeling terms to the loss which
horticulture, and especially Orchidology, had sustained by the lamentable
death of M. Jules Hye de Crom under the sad circumstances reported. Sir
Harry said the deceased gentleman was an old and respected bond between
British and Belgian Orchidists, and he had acted with many of them as a
colleague at horticultural events in this country and on the Continent. Mr.
J. Gurney Fowler supported the motion, and the honorary secretary was-
instructed to forward a letter of sympathy to the widow.
There seems to be some uncertainty as to the circumstances of M. Jules.
Hye’s death, but the Gardeners’ Chronicle states that he fell a victim to the
Germans. The latter are said to have asked for wine from M. Hye, and
having drank too much became ill. Believing themselves to be poisoned
they imprisoned M. Hye and several of his assistants for five days, during”
which time they momentarily expected to be shot. They were then
released, a chemical analysis having proved their innocence. M. Hye,
however, died a few days after his release, and as a consequence of the ill-
treatment he had received whilst under arrest. The Orchid World states.
that on the occupation of Ghent by the Germans M. Hye took refuge in
Holland with a friend, leaving his valuable business and an extensive
Orchid collection to the mercy of the enemy. A few valuable Orchids,
however, are said to have been secured by his gardener, after mnch
difficulty, and brought to England. Verification is difficult, for the
ordinary channels of correspondence are closed.
THE ORCHID .REVIEW. (MARCH, 1915.
LYCASTE BAGLIZ.
ie
SS
YYCASTE Skinneri is one of the best known and, when well grown, one
of the handsomest of garden Orchids, and some of its hybrids partake
largely of its own attractive character. The annexed figure represents
a very floriferous and brilliantly-coloured hybrid between it and L.
amacrophylla, for which Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. received from the R.H.S.
Fig. 8. LycasTE BALLiz.
-a First-class Certificate in January, 1903. The plant bears no fewer than
thirteen flowers from a single pseudobulb. Our first knowledge of this hybrid
was the receipt, in January, 1896, of a flower from the collection of G.-
Shorland Ball, Esq., with this record, at which time we referred it some-
~what doubtfully to the earlier L. schcenbrunnensis (O.R., iv: p. 49): The
latter was raised in the collection of the Emperor of Austria, at Schroenbrunn,
near Vienna, and was described at page 51 of our first volume, when the
parents were suggested as L. Skinneri and L. Schilleriana, there being @
-doubt about the second one. Mr. Ball’s plant, however, proved distinct,
MaRCH, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89
hence it was named L. Balliz, and in November, 1898, it received a First-
class Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society (O.R., vi. p. 371):
The flowers have terra cotta sepals, rosy petals fading into white at the
apex, and a white lip irregularly spotted with carmine. Three other
hybrids we believe must be regarded as forms of the same, namely, L. ~
Mary Gratrix, L. Cappei, and L. Charlesworthii.
is
e month is a very trying one to beginners, for the climatic conditions
are very treacherous, cold, piercing winds being generally accompanied
by brilliant sunshine, which renders. the question of ventilation somewhat
trying. The following, however, is my system of cultivation: Keep a nice
warmth in the pipes, and open the bottom ventilators at least a few inches
on the side of the house not exposed to the prevailing wind. This will
result in the house being filled. with nice buoyant air, which at the same
time will not chill the plants. A mean temperature of 55° to 60° Fahr. can
now be given, since the days are lengthening and the power of the sun also
increasing.
‘The Orchids which are growing or flowering will need to, be supplied
with more water than advised earlier in the season ; but continue to give it
in sparing quantity to those which are resting or freshly potted. To the
latter, a gentle spray over the leaves, on bright days, will be found of much
benefit, whilst to those in full growth or in bud, a good dose every other
day will probably be needed, but no hard and fast rule can be set down, as
the weather is so changeable and each house in every locality differs in its
power of retaining moisture, but the above will serve as a rough guide.
Two remarks upon watering are, however, so important as to warrant
Tepetition. (1) When applying water toa plant give a good soaking, never
a mere sprinkle over the surface ; (2) Always use rain water. Hard water
invariably leaves a coating of chalk on the leaves and closes the pores so
that it is impossible for the plant to breathe properly. Damping between
the pots and on the path may, however, be done with hard water if the
available supply of rain-water is short, and will now be needed usually
twice daily, early in the morning and again about three p.m., whilst the
plants are much benefited by a spraying over their leaves daily.
Turips.—If the atmosphere is not kept well charged with moisture,
thrips will make their appearance, and I find the best remedy is to spray
the piants with a solution of “ Abol” or XL All Insecticide, and also
increasing the amount of atmospheric moisture.
THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION.
By C. ALWYN HARRISON.
go THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1915
L2LIA ANCEPS will still be making a grand show, and isa very suitable
and fine Orchid for an amateur’s collection, being free-flowering and of
easy culture. To those in bud and spike give good supplies of water, but
after blossoming a decided rest until the new bulbs are seen to be making
* their appearance. If needing it, that is the best time to re-pot, and, since
these Orchids need much light to be grown to full advantage, I like to
place them in Orchid pans, which can easily be suspended from the roof of
the house. In performing the operation, remove the plants carefully from
their old receptacle and cut away all useless back bulbs; three old ones are
quite sufficient to support each new growth. Cut off any dead roots and
sponge the leaves and bulbs with tepid rain-water. Place a few clean crocks
in the bottom of the fresh pan, and on these set the plant well in the centre
to allow for further growth. Where it is desired to have good specimens,
several plants may be accommodated in a large-sized pan, but in this case
place each one back to back, so that the leading growths may grow well
away from each other. Pot very firmly, using a compost of Osmunda fibre
and a little sphagnum moss. I find this latter ingredient invaluable, as it
holds water well and prevents the plants drying up quickly, which they do
to an alarming extent when suspended close to the glass, especially in
summer.
Being a very strong rooting plant, it will be found a good plan to peg
down the rhizomes with copper wire, formed like hair-pins, as this prevents
their lifting themselves and growing right out of the soil. I usually peg
down the old bulbs, as they then tend to keep the new growths well in the
compost. After re-panning, give each plant a good soaking and hang it
up, and for several weeks onwards a good syringing every other day will
suffice. Lelia autumnalis and Gouldiana need similar culture. :
Cypripediums will now be growing strongly, and must always be kept
moist.
Next month I shall hope to deal fully with the important subject of
shading.
SUGGESTED ADDITION.
RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA.—There are few Orchids which can
compete with the above summer-flowering species for decorative effect,
long, branching spikes bearing fifty or more blossoms being produced with
great freedom, which will, under cool conditions, keep fresh for many
weeks. The individual flowers are so
red shaded with orange.
it somewhat resembles Vanda ceerulea,
thick distichous leaves.
of growth, but cooler and
and flowering season.
A warm, moist corner is needed during its period
drier conditions are necessary during the resting
Marcu, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. gt!
mises THE CHEMISTRY OF FLOWER COLOUR. ears)
A the meeting of the R.H.S. Scientifie Committee, held on February
and, an interesting account of the chemistry of flower colour was
given by Dr. Frederick Keeble, F.R.S. The formation of colour in flowers
is one of the physiological problems of plant life that has remained some-
what in the background, owing to the difficulties encountered in
investigating the minute quantities that often suffice to form an intense
pigment, and the factors that may completely change the colour of the
whole flower or of any particular section. Colour production is a bye-
product of the great process of life. The different colours are due to the
varying colour of the cell sap, to the different distribution of such cells in
the tissues, and also to the various combinations of dissolved colouring”
matter with the yellow, orange, red, and green chromoplasts.
It was demonstrated by a series of experiments that an extremely close
relationship exists between the .anthocyan pigments: of the flower, blue, red,
‘magenta, and pink, and oxydases, which lends sypport to the view that:
they are due to the action of oxydase on chromogens. The latter are
colourless bodies which are liberated from the living substance of the plant,
and unite with oxygen to form various pigments. The rate and extent of
the oxydisation are important factors, this depending upon the constitution
of the cells situated at different parts of the flower. Delay in development
‘may also occur in young or starved plants, possibly due to the lack of
chromogen and the oxydising agent. Richly coloured flowers generally
occur on vigorous plants.
In many flowers a beautiful system of darker veining may be observed
and until recently these veins were regarded as the means by which the
colour was brought up from the plant and diffused over the flower. Dr.
Keeble, however, suggested that these veins pour out some material
necessary for the process of coloration, without which the chromogen, or
mother of pigment, is unable to develop. Many flowers have white patches
where both chromogen and the oxydising agent are present, but where”
the presence of a third substance exerts an inhibiting or paralysing effect on
the process of coloration. Albinism may result from lack of chromogen, or
from the presence of a paralysing factor, which prevents the development
_of colour.
- At the conclusion of the lecture specimens of the anthocyan'pigments, as-
prepared by Willstaétter and Everest, were exhibited.
At the meeting of the Orchid Committee held on February 16th Mr. J-
Charlesworth exhibited a series of ten forms of Odontioda Brunette (Oda-
<2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Maxcu, 1915.
‘Bohnhofiz x Odm. Harryanum), all derived from the same seed pod, to
illustrate the remarkable diversity in colour development among secondary
‘hybrids, and as affording evidence of the altogether erratic behaviour of the
‘colour-developing elements. In the majority the prevailing colour was
‘dull dark purple, in some cases with more or less whitish tint between the
blotches, but in others the ground was yellow, with browner blotches.
There was also much variation in the colour of the lip, and in the shape of
‘the segments.
These flowers were also exhibited by Mr. Gurney Wilson at the meeting
of the Scientific Committee, as illustrating phenomena of colour distribution
that were extremely common among secondary hybrids, and it was quite
‘evident that other problems were involved.
THE MUTATION THEORY.—A paper, entitled ‘‘Some fundamental morpho-
logical objections to the Mutation Theory of De Vriese,” appears in the
January issue of the American Naturalist (pp. 5-21), which has some interest
for lovers of Orchids. The chief foundation of the theory was furnished by
the conduct of CEnothera Lamarckiana, which under cultivation gave rise
constant and had all the attributes of species. The view was soon
advanced that these “ Mutants” were the products of hybridity, and that
{Enothera Lamarckiana was a hybrid, further evidence of which was to be
found in the fact that about one-third of its pollen was abortive. The
phenomena of mutation have since been observed in other species of
(Enothera, and Prof. Jeffrey advances the view that not only is the genus
generally characterised by genetically impure or hybrid species, but that
the condition of genetic impurity is extremely common in the Onagracee
as a whole—a view supported by a number of observations and photographs.
He remarks that unusual variability is ordinarily regarded as prima facté
evidence of hybridism, and recalls the fact that hybridisation is one of
the commonest expedients adopted by the practical breeder for. breaking
up the continuity of the germ plasm. He then remarks that hybridism
is a commonly recognised feature among flowering plants, and work carried
on in the Harvard laboratories has revealed a large number of hidden
hybrids, or * crypthybrids,” which are quite constant in their characters,
and are recognised by systematists as good species, but differ from normal
Species in the fact that their reproductive cells are to a greater or less
‘degree abortive. Such facts, it is contended, invalidate the mutation
hypothesis of De Vriese. It would be interesting to see how far these
‘observations are applicable to hybrid Orchids, which are certainly common
in nature, while materials for observation abound in almost every Orchid
collection.
Marcy, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93
Ee ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESII. is |
C.. distinct forms of the charming little Odontoglossum Cervantesii
are sent from the collection of R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, New-
church, by Mr. Gilden. One is the typical form, having white flowers
barred with brown at the base of the segments; another the variety
decorum, from the plant exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on
February 2nd; but in the third the brown lines are very numerous and
extend quite two-thirds of the way to the apex. It flowered out of the
same importation as the type. We do not find anything quite identical,.
for it can scarcely be the variety punctatissimum in undeveloped condition,
but we should like to see what the flower is like another year before
suggesting a name. It may be interesting to mention the varieties already
known.
O. CERVANTESII PUNCTATISSIMUM was described in 1878 (Rchb. f. in
Gard. Chron., 1878, i. p. 527), as follows: ‘‘ When I described O. Cervantesii
decorum with its deeply lobed lip and its elegant colours, I believed we had
reached the acme of elegance in the species. I just now see at Mr. Bull’s
establishment what surpasses by far any of those beautiful things I have
ever seen. Imagine a very good O. decorum having the flower covered
over with minute purplish dots, so that ata distance you are mistaken by
their mass to believe them clouds. The whole flower appears covered with
these undulations of purplish tinge.”
O. CERVANTESII DECORUM appeared in the collection of the late Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, and received a First-class.
Certificate from the R.H.S. in February, 1877. It is recorded as a great
improvement on the old O. Cervantesil, both in size of flower, with denser
markings, and brighter colour (Gard. Chron., 1877; i. p. 219). A figure
then appeared in the Floral Magazine (t. 254), showing an unusual number
of markings on the lip, these extending almost to the apex. It was also
figured by Mr. Day (Orch. Draw., xii. t. 42), Mr. Day remarking: “ This is.
certainly the finest flower I have ever seen of this lovely species. It was
sent to me by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.”
O. CERVANTESII ROSEUM has the flowers prettily suffused with light
rose pink, but in other respects is much like the type, with which it is
occasionally found.
—>> o<—————_
HELP For BELGIAN HorTICULTURISTS.—At a meeting of the R.H.S..
Orchid Committee, held on March 16th, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., made
a suggestion with a view to helping Belgian horticulturists who have:
-94 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1915,
“sustained losses during the war. He thought that help might be afforded
by the sale of Orchids given for the purpose by members of the Committee
-and others, and expressed the pleasure he would feel in contributing to
such a scheme or assisting in any way that might be decided upon. He
“was aware that the Council had the matter of relief generally in hand, but
he thought that some movement independent of that would be of material
help. Mr. Gurney Fowler agreed with the spirit of Sir Jeremiah Colman’s
‘Suggestion, and advised the members to think it over and give their opinion
at the next meeting.
Fa NEW HYBRIDS. Eee
YMBIDIUM BUTTERFLY (Lowio-grandiflorum X_ insigne).—A
striking hybrid raised in the collection of Lt.-Col. Sir George L.
Holford, Westonbirt, by Mr. Alexander. Eight forms are sent, all out of
-the same seed-pod, together with flowers of the two parents. One has
-cream-coloured sepals and petals, another light yellow, and six have them
variously striped with rose-pink, while the lip also varies considerably. In
five cases the crimson markings on the lip take the form of more or less
-confluent lines, and in the other three of individual spots, the latter having
fewer markings on the side lobes. On the whole the flowers most resemble
‘the seed parent in shape.
CYMBIDIUM PoLLux (Veitchii x Wiganianum).—A handsome hybrid
from the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods,
“Clifton (gr. Mr. Coningsby). It combines well the characters of the two
parents, having yellow sepals and petals closely lined with red, and the lip
‘veined with crimson on the side lobes and spotted on the front lobe. It
should develop into a fine thing.
OponTiopa Vivip (C. Neetzliana x O. illustrissimum).—A brilliantly-
-coloured hybrid, exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on February 2nd
last, by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis).
It bore a panicle of deep blood-red flowers.
ODONTIODA SIMONE (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Vuylstekei).—A
promising hybrid, raised by Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery,
Slough, and exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on February 2nd last.
The flowers are yellow with chocolate red markings.
ODoNTIopA CynTHIA (Oda. gattonensis xX Odm. crispum).—An
interesting hybrid, raised in the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.,
“Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier), and exhibited at the R.H.S.
meeting held on January 5th last. The flowers of the seedling exhibited
-are sulphur yellow, the scarlet colour being eliminated. :
MaRCH, 1915.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 95
[Eeisess| ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. [Ams]
HREE meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at
the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, West ter, during
March, on the 2nd and 16th and 30th. The Orchid Committee will meet
at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The Society’s Chelsea Show will be held in the Royal Hospital Gardens,
Chelsea, on May 18th, roth, and zoth, and the Holland House Show on
July 6th, 7th, and 8th. Plans, Schedules, and Entry Forms can be had on
application to the Secretary, Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square,
Westminster.
The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 4th and 18th, and
April 1st. The Committee meets at noon, and exhibits are open to the
inspection of members and the public from one to four p.m.
Mr. J. GURNEY FowLer, head of the firm of Messrs. Price, Water-
house & Co., Chartered Accountants, and Chairman of the Orchid
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, has been eppointed by the
Government as Consulting Accountant in connection with the compensation
payable to the Railways whose undertakings have been taken over by the
State.
Our American contemporary, Horticulture, in its issue for February 20th,
figures a fine group of Cypripediums from the collection of Mrs. B. B.
Tuttle, Naugatuck, Conn. The photograph was taken by Mr. M. J. Pope,
Mrs. Tuttle’s able gardener.
At a meeting of the Pittsburgh Florists’ and Gardeners’ Club, held on
February 2nd, Cultural Certificates were given to a finely-flowered
specimen of Ccelogyne cristata, exhibited by the Pittsburg Cut Flower Co.,
and to two finely-flowered plants of Dendrobium nobile, in 4in. pots,
exhibited by Mr. Walter James.
At a meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, held on
February 6th and 7th, a Certificate of Merit was given to Mr. Weld Garden
for a Cymbidium seedling (C. insigne x C. Wiganianum). This, it may be
added, is a form of C. Schlegelii (O.R., xx. p. 86).
HABENARIA ROBINSONII, Ames.—A new Philippine Habenaria has been
described by Mr. Oakes-‘Ames (Philip. Journ. Sct., vii. p. 5), that may have
some interest for horticulturists. It is remarked: ‘‘ This very beautiful
96 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Marcu, 1915,
species bears a striking similarity to H. militaris, from which it is readily
distinguished by its very different leaves, long aristate bracts, and white
flowers.” It is a native of the Island of Luzon, and was collected at the
Molauin River, in the province of Laguna, “on rocks in the river,” by Dr.
C. B. Robinson, and “on mossy boulders in the stream bed,” by Mr. E. D,
Merrill. We have not seen it. a
|S ORCHID PORTRAITS. |é|
S55 SSE reese eee Se a Bn
Bessocattreva CLIFTONII ALBENS.—Gard. Chron.,i. p. 168,
suppl. fig.
CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA STANLEYI.—O.W., v. pp- 110, 111, figs
Journ. Hort., 1915, i. p- 103, fig.
CATTLEYA TRIANE QUEEN ELIZABETH.—Garden, 1915, p. 80, fig.
CYMBIDIUM SCHLEGELII FowLer’s VAR.—Gard. Chron., 1915, i. p. 108,
fig. 30. gee
CYPRIPEDIUM JUNO.—Horticulture, IQI5, p. 237, fig.
DENDROBIUM TRIUMPH.—Gard. Chron., 1915, i. p. 76, fig. 23.
, MorMopEs TIGRINUM, Rodr.—Bot. M ag., t. 8597.
OponTiopa Latona FOWLER’S vaR.—O.W., v. Pp. 99, fig.
ODONTIODA PaTRICIA.— Gard, Mag., 1915, p. 102, fig.
ODONTOGLossuM CERES MAGNIFICUM.—Gard. Mag., 1915, p. 59, fig.
ODONTOGLossuM CITROSMUM.—O.W., v. pp. 100, 106, fig.
ODONTOGLossuM CRISPUM ConstTance.—O.W., Vv. p- 110, fig.
a a ae
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Bid
{Orchtds are named and questions answered h J fee
. : ere as far as possible. Corresponden
re to give the native country or parentage of plants sth An A rrinsis postcard must a
Sent tf a reply by post ts desired ( abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of spect
interest will be dealt with tn the body of the work]
W.G.—We have not found an
E.T.—Many thanks.
T.C.—We do not find
ything quite identical. Letter follows.
A note has been held over.
AGeaee 4 record for this hybrid, and will duly record it. :
. tt + —~ the smaller flower is Cyprined; i i e species
pot : ser with C, euflosen: aga oo "of C Leesa, 0 II
orsal sepal is small . t a
events in this cota ees sn ae
M.D— : : :
Orchidacssig Pease of the figures mentioned, and of many others, is Veitch’s Manual of
Beta.— i Seck-tn 5 . . r nex
sicher An article on the subject is in preparation, and will probably appear nee
PHOTOGRAPHS of interesting subjects will be very acceptable.
oF oe
r The Orchid Review 4
OY. VoL. XXIII. ApRIL, 1915. No. 268. £0)
keieas Bet]
C: rise and development of this brilliant artificial genus is one of the
wonders of modern horticulture. Less than eleven years ago
Odontioda Vuylstekee made its first appearance—at the Temple Show, in
1904, to be exact—and now Odontiodas form one of the leading features at
our horticultural exhibitions. By the time the Orchid Stud-Book was
published, four additional hybrids had appeared, and in IgII, when a
supplementary list was given in these pages, the number of primary hybrids
had grown to 20, and, what is equally remarkable, no fewer than 23
secondary hybrids had been recorded. Fourteen of these represent unions
between Cochlioda and hybrid Odontoglossums, but in nine cases an
Odontioda had itself been used as a parent, eight being re-crosses with
Odontoglossum and one with Cochlioda. The latter was Odontioda
Pixie (Cochlioda vulcanica X Odontioda heatonensis). The number has
since been greatly augmented, and we may now attempt a summary of the
THE GENUS ODONTIODA
results obtained.
PRIMARY HYBRIDS.
Seven additional primary hybrids have now been added to the list, six
of them having been derived from the scarlet Cochlioda Noetzliana :—
OponTIopA CARMEN (Cochlioda Neetzliana X Odontoglossum apterum),
O.R., 1912, p. 185).—De B. Crawshay, May, 1912.
' Opa. Don (C. Neetzliana X Odm. Lindleyanum), O.W., iii, p. 140.—
J. & A. McBean, Feb., 1913.
Opa. Irts (C. Neetzliana X Odm. hastilabium), O.R., 1913, p. 288
(unnamed).—Charlesworth & Co., Aug., 1913-
Opa. MarGcarITA (C. Neetzliana X Odm. madrense), O.R., 1912, pp-
289, 311.—H. Graire, Sept-, 1912.
Opa. Mossta (C. Neetzliana x Odm. maculatum), O.R., 1913, pp-
114, 128, 302.—]J- S. Moss, March, 1913-
Opa. NemEsis (C. Neetzliana x Odontoglossum Hallii), O.R., IgtI,
p. 246.—De. B. Crawshay, July, ea
98 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1915.
Opa. RoLFei (C. vulcanica X Odm. Hunnewellianum), O.R., 1912, p.
199.—R. G. Thwaites, June, 1912.
SECONDARY HyprIDs.
The secondary hybrids are so numerous that it will be convenient to
classify them, so as to show their origin more clearly. They may be
divided into four groups: (1) Crosses between Cochlioda and Odonto-
glossum; (2) Odontioda re-crossed with Cochlioda; (3) Odontioda
re-crossed with Odontoglossum; and (4) Odontioda re-crossed.
I.—COCHLIODA X ODONTOGLOSSUM.
a.—C. Neetzliana hybrids.
OponTIopA bella (C. N. X Odm. bellatulum), O.R., 1912, p. 149.—
De B. Crawshay, March, rgr1o.
Opa, CLEOPATRA (C. N. X Odm. Cleopatra), O.R., 1912, p. 164.—
Mansell & Hatcher, May, 1912.
ODA. DALTONENSE (C. N. X{Odm. Pheebe), O.R., 1913, p. 161.—J- H.
Craven, March, 1912.
Opa. HEMPTINNEANA (C, N. X Odm. eximium), O.R., 1914, p. 311;
1914, p. 114.—Sander & Sons, Aug., Ig13.
Opa. Henryi (C. N. X Odm. harvengtense), O.W., ii. p. 164.—H. S.
Goodson, March, 1912.
OpA. SANDER (C. N. X Odm. percultum), O.R., 1913, p. 136.—
Sander & Sons, April, 1913.
Opa. STELLA (C. N. X Odm. elegans), O.W., iii. p. 254.—Charlesworth
& Co., July, 1913.
Opa. Vivip (C. N. X Odm. illustrissimum), O.R., 1915, pp. 82, 94-—
J. Gurney Fowler, Feb., 1915.
6.—C. vulcanica hybrids.
Opa. Eva-May (C. v. x Odm. percultum), G.C., 1914, ii. p. 143-—
R. G. Thwaites, July, 1914.
Opa. Isis (C. v. X Odm- Rolfez),O.R., 1914, p. 248.—R. G. Thwaites,
July, 1914.
2.—ODONTIODA X COCHLIODA.
The hybrids of this small group naturally show a preponderance of the
Cochlioda influence. Three are re-crosses with C. Neetzliana.
OponTiopa Aspasia (C. sanguinea X Oda. Vuylstekeze), O.R., 1912
p- 166.—Armstrong & Brown, April, 1913.
OpA. CHANTECLEER (C. Neetzliana x Odontioda Goodsoniz), O.R.
1912, p. 195.—Charlesworth & Co., May, 1912.
Opa. Evsit (C. Neetzliana x Oda. Charlesworthii), O.R., 1914, p- 151:
—Charlesworth & Co., April, rgr4.
_ Opa. FLaMinco (C. Neetzliana x Oda. Bradshawiz).—Sir Jeremiah
Colman, March, 1915.
APRIL, 1915-| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99
3.—ODONTIODA X ODONTOGLOSSUM.
The re-crosses with Odontoglossum are becoming exceedingly numerous,
and some of them naturally show a considerable amount of reversion to the
character of the latter, both in size and colour.
OpDoNTIODA ADRASTUS (Oda. Bohnhofie X Odm. crispum), O.R., 1913,
p- 220.—E. R. Ashton, June, 1913.
Opa. BRACKENHURST (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. eximium), G.C.,
IgI4, i. p. 231.—J. Gurney Fowler, May, 1914.
Opa. Brew (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Harryanum), O.R., 1913,
pp. 246, 322.—Charlesworth & Co., July, 1913.
Opa. BRUNETTE (Oda. Bohnhofie x Odm. Harryanum), O.R., 1913,
p. 347.—Charlesworth & Co., Oct., 1914.
Opa. CLoTHo (Oda. Thwaitesii X Odm. Uroskinneri), O.W., v. p. 108.
—Armstrong & Brown, Jan., 1915.
Opa. Co_tmanu (Oda. Bradshawize X Odm. amabile), O.R., 1914, p. 125.
—Sir Jeremiah Colman, March, 1914.
ODA. CRISPILIA (Oda. Cecilia X Odm. crispum), O.R., 1914, p. 310.—
R. G. Thwaites, Sept., 1914.
Opa. CyntHia (Oda. gattonensis X Odm. crispum), G.R., “1915,
Pp- 55, 94.—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Jan., 1915.
Opa. Doris (Oda. Goodsonie x Odm. amabile), O.R., 1914, p. 59-—
De Barri Crawshay, Jan., 1914.
Opa. FExicia (Oda. heatonensis X Odm. amabile), O.R., 1912, p- 153-
—Charlesworth & Co., April, 1913.
Opa. GLapys (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Rossii), O.R., 1913, Pp. 370-—
E. H. Davidson & Co., Nov., 1913.
Opa. Joan (Oda. Charlesworthii X Odm. armainvillierense), O.R., 1914,
pp. 65, 139.—Charlesworth & Co., Jan., 1913.
Opa. Kitty (Oda. wickhamiensis X Odm. armainvillierense), O.R.,
1913, p. 192.—G. W. Bird, April, 1913.
Opa. Latona (Oda. Bradshawie xX Odm. spectabile), O.R., 1912,
p. 247.—Charlesworth & Co., July, 1912.
Opa MARGARET (Oda Bradshawie X One armainvillierense), O.R.,
1914, pp. 59, 85.—Charlesworth & Co., Jan., 1914.
Opa. Minerva (Oda. pepe ae x pie Edwardii), O.R., 1913,
p. 348.—Armstrong & Brown, Oct., 1913.
OpA. OAKWOODIENSIS (Oda. i eh x Odm. percultum), Oi;
1913, p. 373-—Mrs. Norman Cookson, Nov., 1913.
Opa. OTHELLO (Oda. gattonensis x Odm. Othello), O.R., 1915, p- 55-
—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Jan., 1915.
Opa. Patricia (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Phoebe), O.R., 1913,
PP. 139, 155, 167.-—Charlesworth & Co., April, 1913.
100 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915.
Opa. Puytiis (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Lambeauianum), 0O.R.,
1914, p. 214.—G. W. Bird, June, 1914.
Opa. QUEEN-Mary (Oda. ees x Odm. exiinium), O.R., 191g
p. 194.—Charlesworth & Co., May, 1
Opa. RossENDALE (Oda. Se x Odm. Ceres), O.R., 1915,
p. 61.—R. Ashworth, Jan., 1915.
Opa. SCHR@DERI (Oda. Bradshawie xX Odm. crispum), O.R., 1913,
pp- 33, 57-—Charlesworth & Co., Jan., 1912.
Opa. SIMONE (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Vuylstekei), O.R., 1915,
pp. 83, 94.—Flory & Black, Feb., 1915.
Opa. VIVIENNE (Odm. Goodsonie x Odm. crispum), O.R., 1914,
p- 158.—Mrs. Norman Cookson, May, Ig14.
Opa. ZENoBIA (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. percultum), O.R., 1914,
p. 119.—F. M. Ogilvie, March, 1914.
BoTH PARENTS ODONTIODAS.
We have already the beginning of a fourth group, in which both parents
are Odontiodas, one of which has recently flowered, as follows :—
Opa. Mica (Oda. Bradshawie xX Oda. Charlesworthii), O.R., 1915,
p- 87.—R. Ashworth, Feb., 1915.
It is curious to note that this hybrid is of the same specific composition
as Odontioda Leeana (Cochlioda Neetzliana X Odontoglossum spectabile),
which affords an illustration of what may be expected in the future.
In two cases a primary hybrid has been re-crossed with both its original
parents, as in the following table, where 1 and 2 represent the species, 3 the
primary hybrid, aud 4 and 5 the secondary hybrids.
SPECIES. PRIMARY HYBRIDS. SECONDARY HYBRIDS.
C. Neetzliana.
Lal
4. Oda. Flamingo.
3. Oda. Bradshawize.
Oda. Schroederi.
2. Odm. crispum.
C. Noetzliana.
al
e
4. Oda. Elsie.
3. Oda. Charlesworthii.
5. Oda. Brewii.
2. Odm. Harryanum.
The foregoing does not profess to be a complete list of the additions, for
several have been recorded without parentage, or with at least one of the
parents doubtful. It is probable that the majority are forms of existing
hybrids that have not yet been allocated to their proper positions. In 4
few other cases there is uncertainty about the names.
APRIL, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 1Ot
ees | -ODONTOGLOSSUM PRAEVISUM. Eee]
A interesting hybrid Odontoglossum, raised from O. Lindleyanum
crossed with pollen from O. gloriosum, is now flowering at Kew for
the first time. Thecross was made by the writer with the object of proving
the parentage of a wild hybrid which flowered in the collection of
W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, in April, 1904, when it was
forwarded by Mr. Stevens with the suggestion that it might be a natural
hybrid between O. Lindleyanum and O. gloriosum or O. Andersonianum.
It was then described as O. previsum (O.R., xii. p. 176), the name
suggesting that its appearance had been foreseen. Eleven years earlier,
when dealing with the natural hybrids from the O. crispum district, it was
pointed out that five out of the six possible combinations were already
known, while the appearance of the remaining one, between O. gloriosum
and Lindleyanum, among the importations from the district, might be
anticipated (O.R., i. p. 277). Mr. Thompson’s plant had very acuminate
sepals and petals, spotted and blotched with light reddish brown on a
yellowish white ground, while the influence of O. Lindleyanum was seen in
the details of the column.. The Kew plant is much brighter yellow, and
the petals, especially, are densely dotted and lined on the lower half with
brown, while there is a bright red-brown blotch on the lip in front of the
very prominent crest, and the elongated column has long cirrhate wings.
It combines well the characters of the two parents, and at its initial
attempts has produced a panicle of 22 flowers. It closely resembles
O. Leeanum, Rchb. f., in colour, but has less acuminate segments, which
raises a question as to the parentage of the latter. This appeared as a
unique plant in the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and its
origin was not stated, but Reichenbach compared it with his O. delto-
glossum, except in its larger lip and distinct colour. When afterwards it
was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 8142) I suggested O. gloriosum
and triumphans as the parents, for it is clearly distinct from O. Ander-
sonianum, with which previously it had been associated. The variation of
hybrids is notorious, and the question now remains whether the three
mentioned are forms of one. It may be added that other plants of the
batch of O. Lindleyanum x crispum (O.R., xxi. p. 175) have bloomed, the
latest being almost the exact ‘match of an O. Coradinei figured by
Mr. Day. It proves again that the facts cannot always be cleared
up by the flowering of a single seedling, and that variation is not
limited to secondary hybrids. The first seedling was more like O.
Lindleyanum.
102 THE ORCHID .REVIEW. (APRIL, 1915.
(Concluded from page 72).
OTS, pans, and baskets are specially made for Orchids. The potting
p depends upon the rate of growth; seedlings are potted each year, but
older plants less frequently. In repotting care must be taken not to
damage the roots, which sometimes adhere to the outside of the pots, as in
Phalzenopsis, when the best plan is to break the pot. In most cases the
old ball is.broken, the old compost being removed, except a little which
may adhere to the living roots. Roots, when too long, are shortened with
a sharp knife. The pots are drained with clean crocks to about a quarter
of their depth. The new material must be put in evenly, care being taken
to have it equally firm throughout, the object being firmness with the
necessary porosity. When the potting is completed the surface should be
rough, and a little elevated for epiphytal species. The practice of
basketing epiphytal species that have pendulous shoots and inflorescences
is very common in Belgium. These are suspended about two feet from
the roof, where they make luxuriant growths.
PROPAGATION.—The methods employed for Orchid propagation are
many and varied. The commonest one is by severing portions from large
plants when potting is done, as for example Cattleya, Lelia, and Odonto-
glossum. Big nurseries and the trade generally do not grow large
specimens, as they are not so floriferous and are in various ways unsuit-
able for commercial purposes. In genera like Anzctochilus and Vanilla
the propagation is effected by stem cuttings. Vanda and Aérides are
propagated, by layering. In Phalenopsis the inflorescence sometimes
produces bulbils, which send out roots, and these can be potted on. The
inflorescence of Phaius is cut off when the flowers are dead, and placed in
a moist, shady place, where after a time it produces buds. These emit
roots, and by severing these the stock can be increased. These methods,
however, are of far less importance to the Orchid grower than reproduction
by seeds, at all events since the introduction of hybridisation, on which
subject a few remarks must be made, as it is the highest branch of the
Orchidist’s,art. The object in hybridisation is to obtain new varieties,
with improved form and colour.
VY ORCHID CULTURE IN BELGIUM.
SOWING, THE SEEDS.—The seeds can be sown as soon as ripe,
preserved till later. If collected in the summer or autumn it is best to
wait until the following spring before sowing. A common practice is to
sow on the compost of the parent plants, and then keep them in a moist
place. This is the method for Cypripedium, Miltonia, and Odontoglossum,
APRIL, 1915.] THE. ORCHID. REVIEW. 103,
but most Belgian nurseries sow their Cattleya seeds on linen stretched
over pots or pans of sphagnum. The pots are then placed in closed
propagating cases with a temperature of 30° Centigrade (86° F.). The
pots are stood in little pans of water, and the seeds germinate in about
three or four weeks’ time. When germinated a little ventilation can be
admitted. After eight weeks the seedlings are ready. for picking off into
pans of fine moss and then replaced in the closed case again for’a few days.
When watering, a very fine sprayer is used. Later on they are put in very
small pots and placed in a close atmosphere until they develop roots, when
a little air can be admitted. A year later they are repotted again and
placed in the growing house, after which annual potting is performed.
IMPORTATION OF ORCHIDS.—There is a constant stream of Orchids into
Belgium from collectors in different tropical regions, as ftom South
America, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Japan. These plants when
they arrive are either sold to private growers, or are grown for cut-flower
purposes. In Orchid nurseries cut-bloom and the florist’s trade is an
important branch of the business.” Paris can consume all that are grown.
Of course a few of the specimens imported are either new or rare varieties,
and are naturally kept for hybridisation. Importing Orchids entails a long
voyage, sometimes many thousands of miles have to be covered. The
packing and transit is very important, and different methods are used. for
the various types. For instance, Cattleyas and Dendrobium are easily
packed in cases with ventilation holes. The best time for transport is
when they have completed their growth, that is during the resting period.
Others, like Cypripedium and Vanda, without pseudobulbs, are packed
with shavings. The more delicate class of Orchids require special treat-
ment, Such genera as Phalenopsis are cultivated, previous to transport, in
a tropical garden. They are grown on blocks until they have developed
their roots, and are then suspended in Wardian cases, like miniature green-
houses. On their arrival at their destination the Cattleyas, Lelias, and
Dendrobiums are laid on the stages, in rather dry empty houses, and kept
shaded until they are potted up. The Phalanopsis are hung in the house
where they are to be grown, and can be putted at once. ’
DisEasEs.—Most Orchid growers are troubled with either fungoidal
diseases or insect pests. A grower may treat his plants well, yet he must
be constantly on the alert for signs of disease. The commoner diseases
are: First, in the seedling stage there is a parasitic fungus which attacks.
the seedlings. It is downy in appearance, and is probably the same fungus
which causes other seedlings to damp off, namely, Pithium Debarianum.
With this fungus prevention is better than cure. Use clean fibre and
washed sphagnum, and dry it in the sun; that is the best remedy. I have
observed another fungus which causes much destruction amongst Odonto-
104 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915,
glossums, as it produces spores on the under surface of the leaves, causing
yellow patches on the surface. I think this disease is largely due to
excessive moisture. The best cure for this is sponging. Spotting and
decaying of foliage iscommon. This is due to mechanical agencies, such
aS excessive moisture and insufficient ventilation, perhaps also to lack of
light. Some Orchids revel in sunshine, and when cultivated in a house
that is too shady become weak, and finally die. To prevent this give a
more sunny position. It is rare to find much evidence of disease in
‘Nurseries, as it obviously means loss to the grower, both in its effect upon
‘visitors and in the loss of plants, some of which are very valuable. Some
particular disease will occasionally trouble a grower, this, perhaps, being
due to incorrect cultural methods.
‘The commoner insect pests are :— :
Turip.—This pest is most prevalent. In Belgium we have different
‘systems for killing thrip, the best one to my mind being effected by means
of tobacco laid on wire netting placed beneath the stages. Another
method is to fumigate with nicotine. ;
RED SPIDER.—This is largely due to dry atmospheric conditions. I
once paid a visit to a nursery near Ghent, and there I saw a house full of
Phalznopsis Sanderiana literally smothered with red spider. This was
entirely due to a dry wall which they failed to damp. The best remedy is
Sponging with water or insecticide.
ScaLE AND MEALY Buc.—These are common, but are easily kept in
check by washing and cleanliness,
WoopLicE can be trapped with sliced potatoes, which should be
examined each morning. SLucGs are caught with beer, and cockroaches
destroyed with phosphor paste.
ORCHID FLY (Isosoma Orchidearum) lays its eggs in the young growths
of Cattleyas and Lzlias, and if it become numerous is most destructive:
The remedy is to cut away the affected parts and burn them before the flies
escape to lay more eggs.
A BEETLE (Baridius aterrimus) is sometimes present on imported
plants. of Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and on Phalznopsis from Singapore
and Burmah. Although not very frequent it is most destructive, and the
only method of destroying it is to watch the plants affected.
This vast industry is an international one. Apart from the scientific
interest attached to Orchids, many people grow them for their beauty a0
peculiarity. Amateurs of all classes, but more especially the affluent
peoples of the world, make Orchid cultivation their hobby, and from this
wide-world popularity which the Orchid possesses, has developed the vast
itrade which now, or did prior to the present debacle, exists in Belgium.
HENRI PIERRE CHOLLET-
APRIL, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105
THE PANAMA EXHIBITION. eas
HE present article, regarding the Philippine Government Orchid
Exhibit at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San
Francisco, California, U.S.A., which has just been installed, is written
ES
SE)
Fig. 9. ORrcHIDS AT THE PANAMA EXHIBITION.
106 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {APRIL, 1915.
in the interest of those who may be unable to visit this great World Fair.
A very suitable conservatory has been constructed to grow the Orchids
and to show them off to their best advantage. There are about seven
hundred plants of Phalzenopsis; these being P. Schilleriana, P. amabilis,
P. Lueddemanniana, P. Aphrodite, P. rosea, and many fine natural hybrids
from P. amabilis and P. Schilleriana. Most of the Phalznopsis are
growing in baskets made of red wood (Sequoia sempervirens). These
baskets will last from two to three years. There are also examples of
Thrixspermum pallidum. Although the flowers of this species only last a
few hours, they are, on the other hand, very fragrant.
There are over 130 Dendrobium superbum growing in six-inch baskets.
These plants have made fine growth, and belong to a large flowering type.
Dendrobium crumenatum is doing well. We have many plants of
Dendrobium Dearei which have been flowering for the last three or four
months, their flowers lasting three months. There are also Dendrobium ©
cariniferum, D. Wardianum, D. formosum, D. chrysanthum, D. Parishii,
D. Dalhousieanum, D. crassinode, D. crepidatum, D._ bigibbum,
D. Infundibulum, and many fine plants of Cypripedium Argus and
C. philippinense. There is also a large plant, the largest that I have
ever seen, of Gramatophyllum Fenzlianum in a three-foot basket, hanging
in the centre of the house. A fine specimen of Cymbidium Finlay-
sonianum is seen growing in a 14-inch pot. This plant has flowered for
the first time here, and it is a fine type. ;
In addition to the above-mentioned species, there are also in display
specimens of the following: Cymbidium tigrinum, Gramatophyllum
multiflorum,; Rhychostylis retusa, Aérides quinquevulnera, Spathoglottis
plicata, Saccolabium miniatum, Vanda Sanderiana, Vanda lamellata,
Vanda Boxalii and Vanda luzonica. These Orchids arrived here from the
Islands about one year ago, and I did not think at the time that they
would be in flower on the opening day, but they have done remarkably
well. In the centre of the house there is a staging 12 feet by 60 feet, which
is one mass 6f flowering Orchids.
I may state that it has been my main object to make a demonstration
of how to grow these Orchids, and this, I think, has pleased the people
most.
In the background of the photo that I have sent is a garden seat built
of palm stems that have been brought from the Islands, which, as you will
see, is covered with Orchids. On taking the photo many plants in flower
were placed above and below the seat to fill up gaps. On my right in the
photo is my assistant, Mariano Reymundo, a very bright Filipino.
The Filipinos have brought a very fine band’ from the Islands, which
plays every day. W. E. EGLINGTON.
ee
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107
CALENDAR’ OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.
By W. H. Wuiter, for many years Orchid Grower to the
K.C.V.0.
late Sir Vavar Lawrence, Bart.,
HADE AND VENTILATION.—The month of April) with its
proverbial sudden changes of sunshine and showers, is, without
doubt, a trying period to all who have the management of a! collection
of Orchids. On many an April day the changes in the weather are so
numerous, between sunshine and shade, heat and cold, that it is almost
impossible to keep the temperatures of the houses regular; although
shading and ventilation, if carefully attended to, go a great way in averting
fluctuations inside. East Indian Orchids, particularly Phalznopsis, some
warm-growing Vandas, Aérides, Saccolabiums, and Calanthes in their
earlier stages of growth, are, perhaps, more easily affected by varying
temperatures than those from other parts of the world, as at this season the’
majority of the plants are growing fast, and if the growth be checked much’
harm to the plants may ensue. On several mornings lately it has been
found necessary to use, in every division save the Cool house, a consider-
able amount of fire heat, in order to maintain the proper day temperatures..
Even through the middle of the day the pipes have been kept warm, so that
when the sun becomes suddenly obscured by heavy clouds we can, by
closing or partially closing the ventilators, avoid any extremé fall in the
temperatures. Should cold or boisterous weather prevail, it is therefore
advisable to regulate the temperatures by means of the heating apparatus,
and on no account to open the ventilators of the warmest house, as
generally sufficient air will pass through the laps in the glass, and under
the doors. At other times, when the external air is warm and still, air’
should be admitted more freely, opening the bottom ventilators a little at
first, and as the inside temperature rises gradually increase the amount.
The blinds will, of course, require a good deal of looking after, but
there is not the least need to keep working them for every trifling change
in the weather. Keep them down on all changeable days, and up whenever
scorching of the foliage is not feared. At this particular time of the year,
and especially following a dull and extremely wet winter, the foliage of
Orchids is more apt to get scorched by sunshine than at any other time,
and it is much the safer plan in every division to err a trifle by giving too
much shading rather than too little, as more injury is done to the plants
from too much sun than too much shade. Through the summer, probably
owing to the abundance of fresh air admitted to the houses, one seldom
gets an Orchid scorched, while during the ripening days of autumn many
plants are greatly benefited by all the sunshine they can obtain. In the
108 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, I9gI5.
Fast Indian house, immediately the sun has sufficient power to raise the
temperature six or seven degrees, the blinds should be lowered. The
‘Cattleyas will nct require shading quite so soon, but when the sunshine is
bright and continuous, the sun being strong enough to overheat the foliage
of the plants, the plants should be shaded. This may be judged when the
leaves begin to feel warm to the touch. The blinds should be run down on
the Odontoglossums and Masdevallias immediately the sun, on bright
mornings, has raised the inside temperature to 55°, and it should be kept
down so long as the sun shines upon the plants. Where the side lights or
ends of houses allow the sun to play upon the plants or their pots, they
should be covered outside with some thin material, or the glass may be
thinly stippled.
In the East Indian house, where there is a great number of distinct
Species from both hemispheres, and from many different altitudes, it is
‘sometimes very difficult to find suitable positions for the plants, some
requiring plenty of light, and others a warm, shady corner. Those species
that need extra light at all times include Thunia, Dendrobium, Catasetum,
‘Cycnoches, Mormodes, Cyrtopodium, Arundina, Grammatophyllum, Ipsea,
Lelia acuminata, Schomburgkia, Lissochilus, Renanthera coccinea, the
terete-leaved Vandas, &c., while those that need shade are Phalenopsis,
Saccolabium, Aérides, Angrecum, Renanthera Lowii, Cypripedium,
Cirrhopetalum, Bulbophyllum, &c. As previously mentioned, to suit in
the matter of shading, ventilation, temperature, atmospheric moisture, &c.,
of so many species and varieties in one house is a matter of considerable
difficulty, but a great measure of success can be attained by careful study,
and by selecting special positions for certain plants. Much information
can also be gained by visiting other collections, and noting well the
positions the best grown plants occupy. The inmates of the Mexican
division, as Lelia anceps, L. autumnalis, L. Gouldiana, L. Jongheana
Epidendrum radicans, E, macrochilum, Odontoglossum citrosmum, and
the Barkerias, will need but very little shade, and then only for a few hours
during the middle of the day when the sun would be shining directly on the
plants. : a
All enthusiastic Orchid growers will certainly derive a considerable
amount of pleasure and interest by looking through their Orchid collections
during this month, and will observe how quickly a number of different
species have responded to the increase of light and sun-heat. Many young
breaks will have commenced to grow, new roots are pushing rapidly
through the soil, and fresh flower spikes appear every day. The growing
season for the majority of the plants has begun, and conditions essential for
their healthy development must be regularly and systematically carried out.
CALANTHES.—Among the numerous plants that are commencing t0
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 109"
grow and need immediate attention are the vestita and Veitchii section of
the deciduous Calanthes, which still hold a prominent position as-
decorative objects, either in the form of plants or cut blooms. These
plants should now be repotted, but previous to that operation each plant
should be thoroughly overhauled. Turn them out of their pots, remove
every particle of soil, and closely examine each pseudobulb for the presence:
of scale insects and mealy bug, which may often be found clustered at the’
base of the growths ; if such work be neglected these pests are sure to give
trouble all through the growing season. While cleansing the pseudobulbs.
take care not to rub or injure the eyes or young growths at the base,
at the same time cut off the dead roots to within one inch, to form a
support that will help to keep the plants steady until the new roots have a
firm hold of the compost.
As regards potting, the usual practice is to plant the largest sized pseudo-
bulbs singly into 5 or 6-inch pots, but if house room is limited, or where a
quantity of cut bloom is required, five or six of the moderate-sized bulbs, or
three or four larger ones may be potted in 7-inch pots. Perfect drainage:
is essential ; the pots should be about half-filled with clean crocks, covered
with a thin layer of fresh turfy loam or rough sphagnum moss. The soil.
should consist of half turfy yellow loam, one-fourth chopped osmunda fibre,
one-fourth dry cow dung or well-decayed leaf mould, with a moderate
quantity of chopped sphagnum moss, small crocks, and coarse silver sand..
These materials should be well mixed together. When repotting the
plants, press the compost with moderate firmness around the base of each.
pseudobulb, and keep the soil at least half an inch below the rim of the pot,
so as to ensure good waterings, and to allow sufficient space for a top
dressing of turfy loam when the plants have become thoroughly established
and a number of new roots appear on the surface of the compost. This.
additional soil will at that time be very helpful to them.
For several weeks after repotting is completed the plants will require
little or no water, unless some of the stronger growths, or those that started
earlier than others, make unexpected headway. Keep their surroundings-
moderately moist by damping between their pots occasionally. If the
plants are stood upon dry open wooden stages a damping twice each day
will be needful, but if placed upon a close damp bottom two or three times
a week will be sufficient. This treatment should be carried out until the
new roots are seen pushing through the soil, then, by slightly sprinkling the
soil with tepid rain water from a fine syringe, the roots will soon lay hold of
the sides of the pot, and by that time the growths will have made
considerable progress, and abundance of water will be required.
To increase the stock of any particular variety, some of the old back
bulbs may be removed, inserting them thickly into pots filled with
110 THE ORCHID REVIEW [APRIL, 1915,
‘sphagnum moss, when they will soon commence to grow, and may then be
repotted and treated as advised for the older examples. These Orchids
require the very lightest and best position available in the hottest house,
but during the earlier stages of growth, and until the plants are well
established, the young foliage, when unfolding, is very tender, and should
not be exposed to strong sunshine. In houses having a southern aspect it
‘may be difficult to shade these Calanthes without shading other plants that
need more sunshine. To meet the difficulty, the roof glass immediately
-over the Calanthes may be stippled as lightly as possible, or a thin piece of
tiffany tacked over them.
Several varieties of the C. Regnieri section are now in bloom, and as
soon as the spikes are cut these plants, too, may be repotted. Young
seedlings should also be repotted, placing five or six of the small pseudo-
‘bulbs around the rim of the smallest sized pots, and then suspending them
near to the roof glass of a warm moist propagating house.
The rare Eulophia guineensis may be treated exactly as the Calanthes
as regards potting, watering, and resting, but it does not, while growing,
require such a light position. When grown well, this Eulophia is a
beautiful plant, producing, during autumn, strong spikes of large rose-lipped
flowers, which last long in perfection.
CATASETUM, CYCNOCHES AND MorMopEs.—As stated in some of the
-earlier volumes of the Orchid Review, few groups of plants produce such
remarkable.and interesting flowers as these, their quaint distinctiveness
forming alone sufficient reason to induce their extended cultivation. After
-a long decided winter rest these Orchids are now commencing to grow, and
must therefore be no longer kept under resting treatment. Immediately
young growths appear at the base of the pseudobulbs, shake the plants out of
the old compost, cut away all dead roots and decayed parts, and repot them.
The most suitable receptacle is the ordinary flower pot, with three holes
_just under the rim, and copper wire handles, about a foot or eighteen inches
in length, these being convenient for hanging the plants close to the roof
glass. Over-potting must be strictly guarded against, but the most
vigorous and stronger-rooting species will need rather large pots. Plenty
of drainage materials are essential, and for the compost use chopped
-osmunda fibre, which should be firmly packed around the base of the
pseudobulbs,. Suspend the plants on the lightest side of the hottest house,
and, as regards watering, &c., treat them exactly as advised for the
deciduous Calanthes. From time to time many of these wonderful plants
have been imported, but after blooming for a year or two have become
exhausted, and in the majority of cases has disappeared. One of the
principal details in the successful cultivation of these plants is to grow
them on as. quickly as possible, so that the new pseudobulbs may be
Aprit, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. vit
completed early in the season, to allow plenty of time for exposing them to
full sunshine in late summer and early autumn, in order to fully ripen and
consolidate the newly-made bulbs.
DENDROBIUMS.—-The different species of Dendrobium, and_ their
numerous distinct hybrids, have, in some collections, formed a prominent
feature during the past two months, but the majority are now going out of
bloom and developing their new growths freely. As the plants quickly
emit new roots when the growths are a few inches high, those that need
repotting should at once be attended to. When repotting well-established
plants, root disturbance should be avoided as much as possible. Plants
that have filled their pots with roots may be difficult to turn out without
causing injury, and in such cases break the old pot, and if the soil is
decayed, pick out as much of it as is practicable, but if it is in good
condition do not disturb it, merely placing the plant into a larger-sized pot.
Plants which are unhealthy and have deteriorated from any cause should be
turned out of the pots, have all decayed roots cut away, and placed in pots
as small as possible. Dendrobiums root freely in chopped osmunda fibre,
but only an inch or two of the compost is necessary. ,
For the next few weeks after repotting keep the plants rather on the dry
side, but as soon as the new breaks send forth roots water more frequently.
Such strong-growing varieties as D. nobile, Ainsworthii, A. splendidissimum,
Artemis, Lady Colman, Dominianum, Apollo, Othello, Melpomene,
Wiganiz, chessingtonense, the various D. melanodiscus hybrids, &c., do
thoroughly well in pots, provided they have a well-drained open Compost to
root in, but those with pendulous stems, as D. primulinum, cretaceum,
crepidatum, lituiflorum, Wardianum, crassinode, superbum, &c., may
be placed in shallow hanging pans. These pans are preferable to teak-
wood baskets, because the plants are more readily attended to when they
need a larger receptacle. These Dendrobes should be grown in the
warmest house, with an abundance of light at all times. It may not be
generally known, but many of these Dendrobes, especially those ‘of the D.
nobile type, will grow, rest, and bloom quite as profusely in a'Vinery as
they will under special treatment in the East Indian division.
Ca@LOGYNE CRISTATA.—This useful species has always been a general
favourite, owing principally to its vigorous constitution and easy culture,
thriving well in almost any house where an intermediate temperature is
maintained. Now is the best time to repot any overgrown specimens, or
to break up those that may have got into an unhealthy condition, remaking
sired. Unless repotting is absolutely
but rather, if in gdod health,
ng those that require it, use
them up into smaller plants as de
necessary, do not disturb them in any way,
allow them to remain as they are. In repottl
good fibrous loam, chopped osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss, in equal
112 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915.
proportions, with plenty of drainage. Repotted plants, especially divided
pieces, frequently shrivel a little, but they should ‘not be deluged with
water with the idea of keeping them plump, it being preferable to lightly
spray them overhead occasionally till root action commences, and when
well rooted into the compost the plants delight in abundance of water each
time the soil becomes fairly dry. Until the roots have made considerable
progress, and the pseudobulbs have regained their plumpness the plants
should be well shaded from strong sunshine. :
OponTocLossuMs.—The early part of April is a suitable time to afford
more root room to such plants as are not flowering, but none should be
disturbed unless repotting is absolutely necessary. Those having sufficient
root room should not be repotted before the autumn. Plants that have
their new growths coming over the edge of the pots may be turned out of
their receptacles, all useless back bulbs removed, and as much of the back
part of the soil taken away as possible. The material for repotting should
consist of a mixture of osmunda fibre, Ax fibre, and sphagnum moss, in
equal parts, with plenty of small crocks added. The pots should be well
drained, for although Odontoglossums need plenty of water whilst growing,
a stagnant soil is injurious to them. After repotting, afford water with
great care, for any excess of moisture at this stage will cause the old roots
to perish and the pseudobulbs to shrivel. Plants which have recently
flowered should be afforded but little water at the root; if kept too wet
there will be weak premature growths.
Betas Finale
OncIDIUM TENUE.—An interesting Oncidium which was exhibited at
the R.H.S. meeting held on March 2nd, by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.)
Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), proves to be the rare O. tenue, 4
species which flowered in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London,
in September, 1847, when it was figured and described by Lindley (Jo
Hort. Soc., iii. pp. 76, 77, with fig.). It is said to have .been received
through Mr. Hartweg from Guatemala. It belongs to Lindley’s grouP
Pentapetala Plurituberculata, and bears a general resemblance to O. suave,
Lindl., trom which it is readily distinguished by its acutely triangular
column wings. The sepals and petals are brown, with a little yellow at the
apex and on the undulate margin, while the lip is yellow, with a brown
area in front of the crest, which latter is characterised by its very small
teeth. It may be added that the plant subsequently described and figured
as O. tenue var. grandiflorum (Lindl., /.c., vii. p. 271, with fig.) was aftet-
wards made a distinct species under the name of O. delumbe (Lindl. Fol.
Orch., Oncid., p. 48). It also is a native of Guatemala, and is rarely seen
in cultivation. Several other species of this group are still very imperfectly
known.—R. A. ROLFE.
APRIL, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113
DENDROBIUM DEVONIANUM. ate
little remarkable
hybridist up to the present, which is not a
ee beautiful Dendrobium does not appear to have been utilised by the
considering its distinctive and free-flowering character.
It blooms later
DENDROBIUM DEVONIANUM.
Fig. 10.
than most of its allies, namely, in May and June, but if its broad,
beautifully fringed lip, with the pair of orange blotches, could be combined
with the robust habit of the hybrids of the nobile group something
interesting should result. The species was discovered in the Khasia Hills
by Gibson, and sent to Chatsworth in 1837, where it bloomed in the
114 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1915°
following spring. It was figured in Paxton’s Magazine of Botany (xvi. p.
169), being dedicated to the Duke of Devonshire. The plant here figured
flowered in the collection of Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton, California,
‘The variety candidulum is a rare and beautiful albino of the species.
[esas ORCHIDS IN BRISBANE. Ray
N article entitled “‘ Orchids in Brisbane,” by Queenslander, appears in
Homesand Garden Beautiful for November 1st, 1914, accompanied by
figures of Cattleya Gaskelliana and Leliocattleya Canhamiana alba. The
writer, whoialludes to the fact that climatic conditions go far to assist the
cultivator, remarks :—
At the invitation of Mr. O. Bartels, | was accorded the privilege of
‘viewing one of the largest and finest collections of Orchids in the Common-
wealth. For some years past, Mr. Bartels’ hobby has been Orchid
collecting, and he has now accumulated more than four thousand
plants. These comprise Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, Laelias,
Phalenopsis, Cymbidiums, &c. The whole of this collection are all
potted up in specially prepared fibre imported from England, and are
housed in ailarge glass-house which is kept at a uniform temperature. In
addition to this, two bush-houses have been
accommodate the ever-growing collection.
The plants come from all parts of the world—Brazil and other parts of
South America contribute largely; then come India, Java, New Guinea,
and North Queensland; a few being imported from England.
My visit, with a few other friends, was made during the evening, and
Mr. Bartelsihas the glass-house beautifully Jit with incandescent lights, as
he found his week-ends too fully occupied in showing visitors through, and
he could not devote the attention in the daytime that this large collection
required. At the present time most of the Orchids are out in flower, some
of the flowering stems measuring fully three feet long. On entering the
glass-house, the display of blooms is simply magnificent, a wealth of colour
that is almost indescribable.
recently enlarged to
Mr. Bartels, who is a business man in Brisbane, has a delightful home-
at Mayne, one of our suburbs, and it is a matter for wonder that he finds
time to bring these beautiful plants to such a state of perfection. |
A cutting from the Brisbane Courier remarks on the fine display of
Dendrobium: nobile in the collection. There are many hundreds of
plants out in full bloom, and it is doubtful if there is another display like it: 3
in Australia.” There is also a fine show of Phalznopsis Schilleriana,
Sanderiana, and Stuartiana.
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 115
Bag SOC RETTES. Fee]
RoyaL HorRTICULTURAL.
MEETING was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent
Square, Westminster, on March 2nd, when there was a moderate
supply of Orchids, and the awards consisted of four medals, one First-class
Certificate, and one Award of Merit.
At the: afternoon meeting interesting addresses were given by Dr.
C. F. Fothergill on Pressing Flowers to Retain their Colours, and by Col.
Rawson on Colour Changes in Flowers by the Removal of Sunlight.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in:the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, R.A.
Rolfe, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites, P. Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong,
F. M. Ogilvie, C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H.
Hatcher, J. E. Shill, W. P. Bound, G. Hunter, W. H. White, A. Dye,
S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, R. Brooman White, C. Cookson, and Sir Harry
J. Veitch.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent
a plant of Cattleya Triane Griselda, bearing two spikes of flowers, with
the front of the lip violet-mauve, and the
pale lavender sepals and petals,
disc deep yellow.
F. J. Hanbury, Esq.; Brockhurst, East Grinstead (gr. Mr: Matthews),
sent Dendrobium chessingtonense Hanbury’s var., D. Missi F. E. King
{Artemis Xx nobile nobilius), and a good form of D. Rubens.
The Rev. H. G. Munro, Woodlands, Enfield (gr. Mr. Pottinger), sent a
fine specimen of Phaius Blumei bearing several spikes. It had been
imported from Assam. é
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mri Shill), sent
finely developed spikes of Cymbidium Pauwelsii, with some twenty-five to
thirty flowers. :
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a bright little group,
containing some good white Lzlia anceps, Cirrhopetalum picturatum with
_ four spikes, Cymbidium Butterfly with two spikes, C. Gottianum,
Calanthes, Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii, Dendrobium nobile virginale,
Masdevallia gargantua, Aérides Vandarum, Miltonia Bleuana, Ada
aurantiaca, Cypripedium Rossetti, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.;, Jarvisbrook, staged a good group, including
some well-flowered Dendrobium Wardianum and D. nobile, D. n. virginale,
ba Little Gem, and some good forms of C. Trianz,
Cattleya Percivaliana al
Saccolabium bellinum,
Oncidium Cavendishianum and splendidum,
116 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915.
Brassocatlelia Cooksonii, Brassocattleya Marie, Odontioda St.-Fuscien,
etc. (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
Odontioda Bradshawiz and a fine O. Charlesworthii, Oncidioda Cooksoniz,
Odontoglossum triumphosum with three spikes, some good O. crispum
and others, Lzliocattleya Myra, L.-c. Chavica (L.-c. Fascinator x C.
Empress Frederick), and a number of Cypripediums, with some good
examples of Lelia anceps Schroederiana, Cymbidium Gottianum, C.
Alexanderi and var. roseum in the centre (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group, including
several forms of Cattleya Trianz, noteworthy among them being C. T.
plumosa, and the blush white C. T. Felicity, Miltonia W icZil,
Angrecum sesquipedale, Masdevallia Schroederiana, Cymbidium insigne
and Pauwelsii, Leliocattleya Cora, Cypripedium Black-Watch (Curtisii X
W. R. Lee), C. insigne Sander, and others, with a row of Trichopilia
suavis in front (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. ‘Flory & Black, Slough, showed Sophrocattleya Atreus, @
fine Sophronitis grandiflora, Leliocattleya flammea (highburiensis X
Haroldiana), with purple-crimson flowers, and Cypripedium Peter
(Thompsonianum. X Countess of Carnarvon), having a claret-purple
dorsal sepal edged with white. )
Messrs. “Hassall & Co., Southgate, showed a good Cymbidium
grandiflorum, Miltonia Bleuana grandiflora, and a dark Odontioda Zephyr.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
BRASSOCATTLEYA DiIGBYANO-SCHREDERE SHRUBBERY VAR.—A large
and very beautiful white variety, with the disc of the well fringed lip light
yellow. Exhibited by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr.
Balmforth). °
AWARD OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA OLympus (Octave Doin Xx Warscewiczii).—A large and hand-
some hybrid, most like the former in general character. The sepals and
petals are tiriged with rose, and the lip rosy-crimson in front, with a pair of
yellow eyes in the throat, and some yellow lines at the base. Exhibited by
Messrs. Flory & Black.
At the meeting held on March 16th the Orchid exhibits were rather
more numerous, and the awards consisted of six medals and two Awards of
Merit. :
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair)? .
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Batt,
J. Wilson Potter, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli,
R. A. Rolfe, '‘W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. P. Bound, H. G:
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117
Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, C. J. Lucas, W. Bolton, Clive Cookson,
Gurney Wilson, and R. Brooman White.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
showed Odontoglossum Amethyst Glebelands var., bearing a fine panicle of
seventeen richly-coloured flowers.
G. W. Bird, Esq., The Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden),
sent Odontioda Sultan (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. spectabile), with
dark claret-brown sepals and petals, and the lip yellow with a large ruby-
red blotch in front of the crest, O. Gladys (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm.
Pescatorei), well blotched with red on a light yellow ground, and the
margin rose, Odontoglossum eximium Manor House var., a. rich violet
purple form with a broad white margin, and a spotted form of O. crispum.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
sent Odontioda Lady Colman (C. Noetzliana X O. Queen of Gatton), with
deep ed flowers of good shape, an interesting scarlet hybrid from Cochlioda
Neetzliana and Odontioda Bradshawie, and a plant of Odontoglossum
Japonais with a spike of twenty-two flowers.
Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam (gr. Mr. H. J. Chapman),
sent a plant of Odontioda Sybil bearing a raceme of ten claret-purple
flowers, and a good blotched Odontoglossum.
C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham, sent Se aa
armainvillierense Eric, bearing a large panicle of richly-coloured flowers.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent
Odontoglossum Farnesii (Crawshayanum X Rolfez), a promising seedling
with dark chocolate brown sepals and petals, and the lip white in front and
deep claret red behind.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Lael Gb fog
sent Odontoglossum Edna, a pretty O. Rossti cross bearing a spike of five
tosy flowers, with brown blotches on the sepals, anda pretty blush white
hybrid between Brassocattleya Digbyano-Schreedere and C. Schroedere.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group of
well-grown plants, including two Angrecum citratum with nine and
thirteen spikes, Zygocolax Charlesworthii, the beautiful Odontonia Magali-
Sander var. xanthotes, Ccelogyne Sandere with five spikes, Miltonia
Bleuana, Zygopetalum Perrenoudii, Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen
Alexandra, Lzliocattleya Eurypides with four handsome yellow flowers,
plants of Odontioda Joan showing much variation, and some good Odonto-
glossums (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including
examples of Cymbidium insigne and C. Gottianum, some well-flowered
Dendrobium Wardianum, the rare D. Harveyanum with fringed petals,
Trichopilia Backhouseana with ten flowers, the neat little Sophronitis
118 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (ApRIL, 1915,
violacea, Coelogyne Sandere, Lelia Jongheana, Maxillaria lepidota, and
various other interesting things (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a choice group, including five
well-crown examples of Angrecum sesquipedale, examples of Odontioda
Zephyr and Bradshawiz, Cattleya Schroeder, and Cymbidium Pauwels
(Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a very pretty
group, including a fine Cattleya Enid with four flowers, examples of C.
Octave-Doin and Schroedere, Odontioda Sandere and Bohnhofa,
Oncidium ampliatum, Dendrobium nobile virginale and Findlayanum,
Sophronitis grandiflora, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
good examples of Cymbidium Gottianum, C. Alexanderi and C. A. roseum,
C. Veitchii var. concolor (eburneum xX Lowianum concolor) with sulphur
yellow flowers, Brassocattleya Lemannie, Odontioda Bohnhofie and
Devosiana, Odontoglossum triumphosum, Lambeauianum, Lawrenceanum,
and crispum, Cypripedium Butterfly (Thompsonianum X memoria
Jerninghamiz), having large flowers well suffused with yellow, and with
a dark band on the dorsal sepal (Silver Banksian Medal).
Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth, staged a small :
group, including a fine example of Odontoglossum CErstedii with over @
dozen flowers, O. Thompsonianum, a fine O. armainvillierense, and 4 few
others, Cymbidium Lowianum, Miltonia Bleuana, Sophronitis grandiflora,
Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra, &c. (Bronze Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good form of Cattleya Enid,
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, Odontioda Charlesworthii, and anothet
brilliantly-coloured hybrid.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
BRASSOCATTLEYA CLIFTONII VAR. SIR JouN FRENCH (B.-c. Veitchil % :
C. Trianz).—A large and beautiful variety, having rose pink sepals am o
petals, the latter being exceptionally broad, and the lip well expanded, and |
with a very large yellow area on the disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Stuart |
Low & Co. : :
LycasTe JANET& (Skinneri x Rossiana).—-A beautifully grown plan Ks :
bearing eight fine flowers, with cream white sepals and petals, densely :
spotted with rose below, and the lip yellow with a claret-coloured base
Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons ae
A third meeting was held on March 30th, when there was a very fine
display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of one Gold and six other
Medals, two First-class Certificates, two Cultural Commendations, and one
Certificate of Appreciation.
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), R. Brooman White, W. Bolton, Gurney
Wilson, C. J. Lucas, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, A. Dye, J. E. Shill,
W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong,
F, J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, F. Sander,.
R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
staged a magnificent group of over 300 plants, which filled the stage along
the side of the Hall, and to which the Society’s Gold Medal was awarded.
It consisted largely of Dendrobiums, which were arranged on the wall
behind, producing a very graceful effect. D. nobile was represented by the
leading varieties, including Cooksonianum, Ballianum, elegans, and a lot
of the chaste var. virginale, with the hybrids D. Ashworthii, Wiganize
Thwaitesiz, Rubens, Cybele, Juno, Sybil, and many others, and one very
promising hybrid from D. nobile nobilius and D. chessingtonense (both
also included) had yellow sepals and petals flushed with purple, and the lip-
of a peculiar light claret margined with yellow. On the stage in front
were forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Ossulstonii, and numerous others,
Odontiodas, Cymbidium Alexanderi roseum, a handsome Brassocattleya
Cliftonii, the flame-coloured Brassocatlelia Fowleri, forms of Cattleya
Schroeder, Cypripediums, Lzliocattleyas, &c.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate, sent a group of
several plants of Sophrocattleya Marriottiana, showing much variation in
colour, Sophrocatllia Thalia, and two S.-c.-l. Mary; also an interesting
selection of cut spikes of Dendrobiums, including 28 named varieties.
G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden),
sent Odontioda Gladys (Odm. Pescatorei X Oda. Bradshawiz), a very
beautiful thing, having two distinct zones of scarlet round the petals, with
a few central spots, and the lip of good shape and colour.
Sir F. W. Moore, Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent, three spikes.
of the handsome Bulbophyllum dichromum (Rolfe), having deep golden
yellow flowers, and a claret-coloured lip.
F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent
a fine plant of the handsome Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica.
Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
Odontioda Cardinal (Oda. Vuylstekee x Odm. spectabile) bearing a
panicle of eighteen large and richly-coloured flowers, and a good plant of
Odontoglossum Pescatorei Veitchianum.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a group of
finely-grown Odontoglossums and allies, including beautiful examples of
O. crispum xanthotes, O. Jasper, O. armainvillierense xanthotes,
120 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915,
‘O. Thompsonianum, and O. Dora, some choice forms of Miltonia
Bleuana, two brilliant examples of Oncidioda Cooksoniz, a fine Odontonia
Longowoyi, and numerous brilliant Odontiodas, among which forms of
Bradshawie, Latona, Madeline, Joan, and Brewii were noteworthy (Silver
Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, the back
being made up of well-flowered Dendrobium Wardianum, including the
‘variety album, while in the front were examples of Trichopilia suavis,
Miltonia St.-Andre, Dendrobium aggregatum, Vanda cristata, Ornithidium
‘coccineum, and Maxillaria leptosepala. We noted also Dendrobium
-Harveyanum with its deeply fringed petals, Renanthera Imschootiana, the
Fig. 11. DENDROBIUM HARVEYANUM.
fine Ccelogyne Lawrenceana, Cymbidium insigne, Gottianum, and
Butterfly, some good Lzliocattleyas, Odontoglossam Lambeauianum,
‘Thompsonianum, &c., with some brilliant Odontiodas (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group, including
Dendrobium Luna, D. Cybele, D. Thwaitesii, D. superbum Huttonil,
D. nobile virginale, and other very good forms of D. nobile, a fine
Cirrhopetalum picturatum, two well-flowered Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii, the
brilliant Sophronitis grandiflora, Cymbidium .Gottianum and Butterfly, -
Epiphronitis Veitchii, Lycaste Skinneri, a well-flowered Cypripedium
Rossetti, Epidendrum xanthinum, and E. xanthinum x Boundii (Silver
Banksian Medal).
APRII, I915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 121
Mr. H. Dixon, Wandsworth, staged a good group, including a’ well-
flowered Odontoglossum (Erstedii and other Odontoglossums, Dendrobium
Brymerianum and D. nobile virginale, Odontioda Cupid and Bradshawie,
Cattleya Schroederz, and a few Cypripediums (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a good group, including
beautiful examples of Cattleya Schroeder and Mendelii, C. Seligeri (Enid
x Whitei), several well-bloomed Dendrobium Jamesianum, D. crassinode
album and D. Brymerianum, Oncidium concolor, the brilliant Sophronitis
grandiflora, Miltonia Bleuana, Odontioda Devosiana, and a few Lelio-
cattleyas (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
examples of Cymbidium Gottianum, C. Alexanderi, and C. Veitchii
concolor, Odontioda Charlesworthii, Bradshawie, and Lambeauiana,
-Oncidioda Cooksoniz, Odontoglossum Groganii, Jasper, and eximium, a
fine hybrid from Leéliocattleya callistoglossa X Cattleya Schroeder, and
Cypripedium Leeanum giganteum xX C. Winnianum, with yellow-green
ground, and a dark band on the dorsal sepal (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged Disa sagittalis
with seven spikes, the rare Pleurothallis hemirhoda, Cypripedium Peteri
(Thompsonianum xX Dicksonianum), Odontioda Charlesworthii, and a
pretty hybrid from Odontioda chelseensis X Odontoglossum crispum, with
rosy purple flowers.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
LziocaTrLeya J. F. BrrkBECK Fowver’s var. (C. Mendelii x L.-c.
Henry Greenwood).—A robust and handsome hybrid, bearing three
exceptionally large flowers, most like the Cattleya parent in shape, and
having blush white sepals and petals, and the front of the lip rose-purple,
with two yellow eyes in the throat. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
OponTocLossuM Mars (parentage unrecorded).—A fine hybrid bearing
a panicle of flowers, having dark red-brown sepals and petals margined
with white, and the apex of the lip white. Shown by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS.
DENDROBIUM THWAITESLE VEITCH’S VAR.—To Mr. W. Balmforth, gr.
to F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford, for a group of about thirty
well-grown plants, having deep orange-yellow flowers with a dark maroon
disc to the lip.
OpontocLossuM crIspo-HarryaNuM.—To Mr. J. E. Shill, gr. to
Baron Bruno Schréder, for a splendidly-grown plant, bearing three strong
spikes, the best with sixteen flowers.
CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION.
OponTIODA ARMSTRONGII VAR. PEERLESS (Oda. Vuylstekee X Odm.
Armstrongiz).—A beautiful hybrid, bearing its first, finely-shaped flower,
122 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1915,
which has dark rosy claret sepals and petals, shading off to lilac at the
undulate margin, and the lip pandurate, very dark at the base and lilac in
front. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
MANCHESTER AND NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March
4th, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme
(in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J- Cypher, J. Evans,
A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker,
W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z: A. Ward, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), and to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr.
Howes), for fine miscellaneous groups,
Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn
(gr. M. Lupton), Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, Messrs. Sander &
Sons, St. Albans, and to Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, for good
misceHaneous groups.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Birkenhead
(gr. M. Findlow), S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown),
J- Butterworth, Esq., Burnley (gr. Mr. Wilson), and Mr. D. McLeod,
Chorlton-cum-Hardy.
FIRsT-cLass CERTIFICATE.
Cypripedium Daisy Barclay var. nigrum, a massive flower, of deep
colour, with broad flat petals, from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT. ;
Leliocattleya Lucasiana atropurpurea, and Odontoglossum _ illustris-
simum W. L., Evans, from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum excellens Mrs. R. Ashworth, and Odontioda Brad-
shawize Ashlands-var., from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum Aireworth Rosy Gem, and O. amabile Mrs. A. Oakshott,
from A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Odontioda West Point Bea
uty (Oda. Bradshawize x Odm. eximium),
from S. Gratrix, Esq.
AWARD OF APPRECIATION.
Odontoglossum maculum (maculatum x
aspersum), from Wm.-
Thompson, Esq.
the members of Committee present
were:—Z. A. Ward, Esq., (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. C-
Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley,
J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker,
W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
© ronment plete oE ke
Apri, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. — 123;
A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury
(gr. Mr. Rogers), for a very rich group, in which Dendrobiums,
Cypripediums, and varieties of Lycaste Skinneri were particularly well
represented, while the unique Miltonia Warscewiczii xanthina was also
included.
Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), and to W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Howes), for
very fine miscellaneous groups.
Large Silver Medals were awarded to Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden
(gr. Mr. Weatherby), for a fine group of Odontoglossums, and to Col. J.
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), for a fine miscellaneous-
group, including the rare Cymbidium Parishii Sander, and a good Lycaste
Skinneri album.
Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
and to Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for fine miscellaneous groups.
A Bronze Medal was awarded to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford, for a.
small group.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidstom
(gr. Mr. Findlow) ; S. Swift, Esq., Gathurst; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.,.
Haywards Heath, and Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford.
FirsT-cLAss CERTIFICATES.
Odontoglossum V.C. (parentage unknown), a huge flower of good form
and colour, from Z. A. Ward, Esq.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Pompeii, a flower of good form, with
the sepals and petals bright maroon margined with white, and the lip white’
with large maroon spots in the centre, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Awarps OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Etna, O. Jasper var. leopardinum,
O. eximium rotundiflorum, Odontioda Schroederi var. Flamingo, and!
O. Madeline var. Queen Elizabeth, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum Adrieum (Adriane Babette X illustrissimum),
O. Euryades, Odontioda Bradshawiz Walton Grange var., Odontioda
Madeline var. Solum (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. crispum Solum),
Dendrobium xX Thompsonii (nobile nobilius X Owenianum), Cattleya
Schroeder var. Distinction, from W- Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum ardentissimum Beardwood var., from Col. J. Ruther-
ford, M.P.
Odontoglossum amabile var. Pink Pearl, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Odontoglossum crispum Gathurst var-, from 5. Swift, Esq. ee
Odontonia Magali-Sander var. xanthotes (Miltonia Warscewiczit
xanthina xX Odontoglossum armainvillierense xanthotes), ‘from Messrs-
Charlesworth & Co.
124 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915.
HE days will now be lengthening nicely, and more ventilation can be
% given, as the sun will have greater power and run up the temperature.
In fact, abundance of fresh air is needed by Orchids at all times to promote
vigour and induce formation of healthy roots, which are the precursors of
‘good flowers, and although it is not always possible in winter to admit air
to the extent we should like, yet from now onwards it should be easily
managed, especially if a little fire heat is maintained in the pipes. It isa
bad practice at this season to save a fire by closing the ventilators early in
the afternoons, and yet this is a common failing with many amateurs. If,
however, a gentle warmth be kept in the pipes, the bottom ventilators well
opened, and on favourable occasions a little air be given through the tdp
ventilators, the plants will grow like weeds. If the weather prove sunny,
damping down may be practised somewhat more thoroughly than advised
last month, especially in the middle of the day.
Towards the middle of this month shading will be required for a few
hours during the middle of the day, but should yet only be employed if the
sun is strong. Obviously the system of shading by blinds is imperative to
success, and whether constructed of thin wooden lathes or tiffany, it does
not much matter. They must not, however, be made to unroll flat upon
the roof glass, as this tends to keep the glass very hot, especially later in
the season. The blinds should be so constructed that at least two inches
of space is allowed between them and the roof glass, which will allow of a
free current of air to pass between each. If any amateur has not his
blinds so arranged, he should have them altered now, as it will be of
untold benefit to the plants, and any horticultural builder can affix them
running on T-iron runners at little cost.
The average temperatures can be higher than prescribed for last month,
60°-65° Fahr. by night and 65°-75° Fahr, by day, with sun heat, being
found very suitable.
CaTTLEvYa TRIAN#.—This very beautiful Orchid js now flowering in
most houses, and should be in every amateur’s collection. Where any
plants are in sheath, it is imperative to give them good light and always
sufficient water to keep the compost damp, but yet not sodden. If possible,
remove any plants that are in full flower to a cooler house, where they will
keep longer in beauty. After the blossoms have faded, the plants must, if
they are to be expected to keep in full vigour, be placed at the coolest end
of the house to rest, giving only a little water until fresh roots and leads
begin to make their appearance.
THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION.
By C. ALWYN HarRISON.
APRIL, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125.
Where the amateur has a great liking for Orchids of the Cattleya type,
it will be found better to include a large percentage of hybrids, as these
flower more freely and grow better under beginners’ culture than the
species. A good selection should always comprise the following :—
Leliocattleya bletchleyensis, Canhamiana, callistoglossa, Dominiana,.
Fascinator, luminosa, and Martinetii.
Cattleya Enid and Iris.
Brassocattleya Maroniz, heatonensis, and Veitchii.
Next month I hope to describe the method of potting Cattleyas.
FINE plant of Lycaste Janete (Skinneri X Rossiana), bearing eight
flowers, was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on March 16th, by
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, and received an Award of Merit. This-
interesting hybrid was originally raised in the collection of the late H. J.
Ross, Esq., and was described in these pages in 1899 (O.R., vi. p. 366). It
was dedicated to Mrs. Janet Ross, who, it is interesting to note, still
maintains the collection at Poggio Gherardo, Florence. The original
plant had yellow flowers, more or less dotted with red at the base of the
segments, and the base of the column deep red-purple. The following year
three others flowered, one of which was much nearer L. Skinneri, the
sepals and petals being dotted all over with rose (0.R., viii. p. 158). In
tg0r Mrs. Ross wrote: ‘The Lycaste which you did me the honour to
name after me has bloomed profusely. We have twelve pots, all strong
plants, out of one seed pod. Two have rose-coloured sepals and petals
with light yellow lip; three are canary-yellow with dark yellow lip and a
few darkish spots on the sepals near the lip; and two are apple green
fading into yellow, with a yellow lip. The others have not yet bloomed ”
(O.R., ix. p. 95). Two years later Mrs. Ross sent a photograph
of a fine plant bearing no fewer than twenty-nine flowers (O.R., xi.
p- 63). The second parent, L. Rossiana, it may be remembered, also
appeared in this collection, and was described at page 239 of our first
volume as a yellow Lycaste allied to L. cruenta, Lind]., but differing in the
details of the lip and in having some hairs on the crest. Messrs. Sander’s
plant had cream white sepals and petals, dotted with rose below, and the
lip yellow with a claret-coloured base. By some inadvertence the plant
was exhibited as L. Janet Ross, and has been so recorded, with the name
i. p. 158), which is erroneous.
A.R.
LYCASTE: JANET:
L. Janete as a synonym (G.C., 1915,
a26 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915,
HE issue of Horticulture for March 6th contains a portrait of Mr. J. T.
Butterworth, of Framingham, Mass., who grows Orchids for the
Boston market. A sincere and earnest lover of plants, Mr. Butterworth
‘personally cares for every one of his twenty thousand Orchid plants. He
“was one ofthe first to grow Orchids in quantity for commercial use in New
England. The first house on the place was built in 1848, by C. J. Power,
‘the original owner. This was a lean-to affair against the side of a barn,
which stands to-day, a fitting demonstration of the remarkable progress in
greenhouse construction since that time. There are now twelve houses,
most of them built since Mr. Butterworth came into possession, about
-sixteen years ago. He served his apprenticeship in England, came to this
country in 1888, worked in Stoughton for some time, became manager for
~C. J. Power, and finally bought over the business.
Not only the stock, but the houses themselves are of interest. All but
~two are old-fashioned, with small panes, heavy, thick woodwork, and replete
with encumbrances and appliances that make the modern house a veritable
palace in comparison. ‘ But,’ as Mr. Butterworth says, ‘‘ each man is the
-architect of his own fortune,” and with the tools in his possession, he has
-carved out. for himself an enviable reputation for fine Orchids. In
reference to interesting houses, we noted one which formerly grew roses
-and which in its time was the largest house in the state, built thirty-five
_years ago. . In its present condition it runs north to south, but when first
built it ran east to west, and in moving not a pane of glass was broken.
Hot water is still used to heat the range.
Very little importing is done here, as Mr. Butterworth is almost a crank
~on efficiency and conservation. The weak-looking odds and ends
accumulated in repotting from time to time are seldom thrown away:
With infinite patience, and guided by the intuition acquired in life-long
-acquaintan¢e with plants, all of these are nursed back to healthy, virile life.
Thus very, few Orchid plants are imported from South America, and
through this practice some fine strains have been selected, which to-day
-are to be found nowhere else. A finely-grown specimen Cattleya is also
included inthe photograph.
Speaking of importing, Mr. Butterworth states that the importation of
Cattleya labiata is slowing up rapidly, due to the thousands of plants that
have been sent to this country in response to public demands. Collectors
-are finding good specimens exceedingly difficult to secure. In his opinion
~C. Mossizoutclasses all other Cattleyas for beauty and quality, but
A BOSTON ORCHID GROWER. ES]
APRIL, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127
because of its habit of blooming in April it fails to take advantage of the
mid-winter demand.
Many other things are grown besides Orchids, and a big retail business
is done direct from the greenhouses, though much of the product finds an
outlet in the wholesale markets in Boston.
\e| NEW HYBRIDS. ‘é|
HE following hybrids have been forwarded to us for registration :—
BRASSOCATLEHLIA FREDA (Leliocattleya Elinor x Brassocattleya
Leemaniz.—A large and striking hybrid, with elongated buff yellow sepals
and petals, and the lip neatly fringed, similar in colour, and: with some
reddish veining in the throat. Raised in the collection of ‘Lieut.-Col.
Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt, Tetbury, by Mr. H. G.
Alexander.
BRASSOCATLELIA GOLDEN-Horn (Brassocattleya Rowena X Léeelio-
cattleya Goldcrest).—A beautiful bright yellow flower, of moderate size,
with a neatly-fringed lip, which is of deeper yellow in the throat. Raised
in the collection of Sir George L. Holford.
BRASSOCATTLEYA GRISELDA (Cattleya Rothschildiana x Brassocattleya
Leemaniz).—A very large and beautiful hybrid, with broad, light mauve-
purple sepals and petals, and the well-fringed lip of similar colour, with a
large amount of yellow in the throat. Raised in the collection of Sir George
L. Holford.
L&LIOCATTLEYA TITANIA (Cattleya Schroedere X Leeliocattleya
Daffodil).—A very neat little flower, most like a reduced C.'Schroedere
in general character, and having broad lilac blush sepals and petals, and a
very large amount of deep orange in the throat of the lip. Raised in the
collection of Sir George L. Holford.
L&LIOCATTLEYA ZARA (Cattleya Schroedere X ie ine Ariel).—
A very promising hybrid, of moderate size, with flowers of good shape, the
sepals and petals light mauve-purple, and the lip much darker in front,
with some yellow in the throat. It is remarkable that the yellow of the
pollen parent is suppressed. Raised in the collection of Sir GL. Holford.
L&LIOCATTLEYA Evansia (Lelia purpurata X Cattleya’ amethysto-
glossa).—A very charming hybrid, which combines well the qualities of two
parents. The flowers are fairly intermediate in shape, and have blush-white
sepals and petals, and a somewhat three-lobed lip, with the front lobe and
apex of the side lobes rich purple. Raised in the collection of W. Evans,
Esq., J.P., Knighton Lodge, Leicester, by Mr. T. Cook. It is a quite
parallel hybrid to Lzliocattleya Schilleriana, and of considerable promise.
128 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1915,
gees | ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. Coeds
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during
April, on the 13th and 27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The Manchester & North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings
at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April Ist, 15th, and 2oth. The
Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection of
members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m.
Horticulture of March 6th states that one of the exhibits that is attracting
much attention at the Great Exhibition at San Francisco is that of Orchids
in the Philippine Islands building, which was formally dedicated February
26th. This exhibit contains over 4,000 specimens, and is valued at about
20,000 dollars. Many of the varieties, it is said, are being shown in this
country forthe first time.
DESTRUCTION OF AN ORCHID COLLECTION.—We regret to learn, from
the February issue of Journal of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de
France (p. 18) that during the bombardment of Arras the Orchid houses of
M. Alfred Le Gentil were completely destroyed. They contained a fine
collection, chiefly of the Ancectochilus group, including about roo plants of
some thirty species and varieties of the genera Ancectochilus, Macodes,
Hemaria, Dossinia, Goodyera, and others.
THe HicHBuRY OrcHID CoLLEcTIoN.—The famous Orchid collection
formed by the late Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., will be sold by
auction on April 15th and 16th, by Messrs. Protheroe & Mornin at their
Central Sale Rooms, Cheapside.
————
kd ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 1g
rchtds are named sete a answered here Pan ~ as possible, ies piano 9 are
requested to give the native country or parenta age of plan An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post ed desived (abroad, oo se setae heels Ps used). Subjects of special
rk).
-H.—We are assured by the raisers that the record, and consequently the name, is
erroneous.
A or —Cymbidium pumilum, Rolfe.
—I, Coelogyne pater ong Rchb. f. ; 2, A angst ere gracilliman, Rolfe.
THe —Dendrobium Harveyan Rchb. f. he see page 120).
Photograph received, with thanks, WE
Received.—J. ES.
Several notes and beat are unavoidably postponed.
ae 7 on Eee Oy
r Che Orchid Review :
£. VoL. XXIII. May, 1915. No. 269.
¢ 2b?
ye J
igi OUR NOTE BOOK. Ae
A CORRESPONDENT obligingly sends us the annexed newspaper
cutting, which, he thinks, is too good to be lost :—
MAD ORCHID HUNTERS.
TREASURES GIVEN AWAY LIKE CIGARETTES.
Express Correspondent,
New York, April 6th.
A wonderful story of Orchid hunters who went mad in the search for
rare blossoms was told by Dr. W. E. Aughinbaugh, of New York, during
his visit to the International Flower Show here.
When he saw at one of the stands some of the rare varieties of
Odontoglossi Cattleya cypripedize and Phalznopsis, he at once recognised
specimens which were gathered in a British expedition to Venezuela about
ten years ago.
The doctor went with a party to the help of the Orchid hunters.
“In shooting the rapids of the Orinoco some of the canoes upset,” said’
“and the loss of these, with the loss of food supplies, drove the
partly from disappointment, partly from
the doctor,
Englishmen and Indians insane,
hunger.
“They had to live on monkeys, parrots, and coconuts for days, and
for long stretches in the deep jungles and swamps could get no food at all.
When we found them most of them were dazed, and some were gibbering”
idiots.
‘‘ And through it all some of these me
Orchid plants as if they were children.
Caracas, in their madness gave these rare specimens t
they had been cigarettes.
‘A few of the recipients were Americans,
specimens to friends in the United States.”
n clung desperately to certain
Some of them, on reaching
o strangers just as if
and they sent these rare
We seem to have heard of that Expedition before, but some of the
129
130 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, rg15.
-details are unfamiliar, and it is fortunate that the worthy doctor happened
‘to visit the International Show, likewise the Express correspondent, other-
wise the world might never have heard of that Venezuelan Phalznopsis,
-and perhaps one or two other surprising details. We wonder whether they
will turn up at the big Show at Chelsea.
Another interesting geographical discovery is announced in the Windsor
Magazine for March, namely, the presence of an Odontoglossum in Fiji, in
which “the lip is pink instead of chocolate.” We also learn that “ until
Mr. Kefford visited Vanua Levu, Orchids were unknown in Fiji,” so that
‘the visit must have been made a considerable time ago. Anyhow, it
‘resulted in the discovery of the ‘‘ Corona Keffordii.”” The story is narrated
by Mr. Ralph Scott, on the authority of Mr. Kefford himself. ‘‘I caught
sight,” he says, “‘ of something above my head in the branches of a # tree;
it was the Corona Keffordii, a delicate waxen thing drooping from a stalk
embedded in the bark.” And there are a good many more interesting details.
We confess not to have yet made its acquaintance, but then ‘ one might
‘search the swamps for a year and then not find this one’s duplicate,’—
which seems not at all unlikely under the circumstances !
The February issue of the Journal of Heredity contains (pp. 55-56) a0
-article by Mr. O. F. Cook, entitled ‘« Two Classes of Hybrids,”’ in which it
is urged that the use of distinctive names for the two principle classes of
hybrids would be in the interest of convenience and intelligibility. He
thinks the ordinal designation, first, second, and third generation hybrids,
-&c., cumbersome and confusing, while the corresponding Mendelian
‘symbols, F1, F2, F3, are awkward typographically and have little meaning
for the general reader. Both are essentially misleading, in that they leave
out of account the biological difference between the first, or F1, and later
generations. And the matter is emphasised thus :—
“First Generation Differs Widely in Character from Second and
Following Generations, and the Two Classes Should be Distinguished by
More Exact Names, In Order to Avoid Confusion.”
He proposes that in future the two classes shall be distinguished by the
names “‘ Conjugate ” and “ Perjugate ” hybrids.
But what is the matter with the familiar terms, Primary and Secondary
hybrids? The essential difference between the two classes has long bee?
understood, and the term secondary is used also to designate the later
generations. It is remarked that the term perjugate for this class “seems
appropriate because the nuclear elements represented in the second and
later generations of a hybrid may be said to have passed throngh con~
May, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131
jugation.”” But conjugation is not limited to hybrids. It applies to every
sexually-formed individual, whether hybrid or not. Hybrids merely
represent unions between individuals that have become specifically different.
It is an extension of a process which ceases as soon as the germ cells of the
parents become so different that conjugation cannot take place, and we say
that such species will not cross. We do not see any necessity for wrapping
up a perfectly familiar process in terms of mystery. Incidently it may be
added that we get a new definition of sterile hybrids, as ‘‘ hybrid conjugates
that do not produce perjugates,” which is going a long way round to say
the same thing.
A final remark, that ‘‘ Of hybrids and of hybridisation as a whole little
or nothing can be said that is not erroneous or misleading,” is best left
without comment.
One thing at least may be said about hybrids, and that is that they are
giving a great deal of trouble as regards their nomenclature, largely because
of the neglect of rules laid down for the guidance of raisers and others.
One of these difficulties concerns the question of specific names. The
Brussels Rules started out by adopting the earlier rules, that the specific
names of hybrids shall be governed by the same rules as the names of
species, a system that we are glad to say is being largely followed, though
with a few glaring exceptions. But any attempt to amend such names,
although required by the rules, leads to a great deal of friction. Some of
these irregular names, we find, are only intended to be used in the florists’
sense; and under a very necessary rule—that all hybrids between the same
two species shall be regarded as forms of one—should be regarded as
varietal names. For example, some time ago a rather fine hybrid was
raised, and of course named, but when we extended the use of the name to
some later seedlings of the same parentage we received a protest that they
were altogether inferior, and could not in any sense be regarded as the
same. The fact is the name was originally used in an exclusive sense, and
is properly only a variety, but the question of the specific name still remains
unsettled.
A recent example in Odontioda illustrates one of these difficulties,
though we wish to emphasise the fact that it has nothing to do with the
ase previously alluded to. The name Odontioda Red Riding Hood was
applied to a hybrid between Odontioda Bradshawie and Odontoglossum
Rossii, and some months later the same cross was called O. Gladys. The
former name cannot be said to consist of a single word, and the case had
been laid aside for consideration, and was overlooked until a second hybrid
132 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915.
appeared with the name O. Gladys, and the question arose how the —
complication should be dealt with. But if the original name does not
consist of a single word it is at least indivisible, and not unduly long, and:
we propose to get over the difficulty by writing it Odontioda Red-Riding-
Hood.
Another correspondent remarks that he appreciates the difficulty of —
keeping correct records of parentage, but it appears to him a hopeless
subject. He also suggests that one of the difficulties of a stable nomen-
clature is that the rules came too late, and that it is difficult to break —
away from a bad precedent. But the R.H.S. rules extend back to 1889,
when hybrids were certainly not numerous, and we attribute the confusion
to other causes, which have been pointed out again and again. And we do
not regard the matter as altogether hopeless, for there has been a consider-’
able improvement of late. Probably the failure to appreciate the
“hecessities of the case has béen’one of the most’ potent causes of confusion,
for intelligible records cannot be kept under a multiplicity of conflicting
systems.
Again, a correspondent expresses considerable sympathy with the non-
scientific side of the question, that one has a right to identify his name and
the names of his friends with the results of his efforts in hybridisation. But —
this is attainable without a total disregard of the rules, and the scope’
among varieties is endless. One correspondent admits having recorded
over a thousand varieties of Odontoglossum crispum, and hybrids are sO
numerous and so variable that we have received complaints about the
difficulty of finding names for them. True, we have too many varietal’
names, but as the superfluous ones drop out, and nobody troubles about
priority, it does not matter so much. Individual variations, indeed, they
often are. It is the confusion in specific names that is giving most of the
trouble, and an effort at least should be made to give the Rules a chance.
The other day the following caught our eyes: ‘‘ Dendrobium nobile
album.—The pure white form of this species, often known as the virginale
variety.” The correction is inadmissible. This charming albino was
described and figured in these pages in 1897 (page 145), on its original
appearance, the varietal name virginale being chosen because there was
already a variety albiflorm, which, however, has a maroon disc to the lip.
D. nobile album was certificated three years later by the the R.H.S.
Two or three other important questions have been raised in corres-
pondence, but they must be deferred for the present.
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133
SZ
HE sun will by now have gained considerable power, therefore shading
will be needed to a greater extent than prescribed last month, as leaves
are easily scorched on plants placed near the roof glass. Towards the end
of the month the side and ends of the house that are not protected by the
roller blinds should receive some form of shading. I find a thin mixture of
flour and water stippled on the glass very effective, as this effectually
prevents the sun’s rays from scorching the plants, and yet does not exclude
necessary light on dull days, and, moreover, soon gets washed off when the
THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION.
. By C., ALWYN. HARRISON. :
autumn rains begin.
Plenty of atmospheric moisture will now be needed, damping heavily
between the pots several times a day, and spraying the plants also over
their leaves morning and evening, but only on bright days. One word of
caution is necessary in regard to this latter operation. On no account
must a coarse syringe be employed, as too much water will fall into the
axils of the léaves, and decay will promptly set in. A very fine spray
sytinge should be employed, and several suitable makes are now on the
market.
The repotting of the late winter and spring flowering Cattleyas and
their many hybrids demands our time. Two hints may be acceptable to
beginners :—
(1) Do not repot a plant unless it needs it; a good sweet compost
should last two years.
(2) Do not use pots of too large a size.
A good compost for Cattleyas consists of osmunda fibre and a few heads
of sphagnum moss. Where the amateur has little time, I would advise a
few bushels of compost ready prepared for use to be procured, as the
following method of preparing the osmunda needs time. It should, first of
all, be pulled to pieces, taking out any long fibre and leaves. Then rub it
through a sieve of moderately fine mesh. It should then be chopped and
passed through the sieve for the second time, when it will be free from dust
and ready to form an excellent rooting medium. In repotting turn the
plant out of the old pot and shake off any crocks, and pick out with a
pointed stick any bits of old compost. Cut off all dead roots and back
bulbs. To my mind, three of these are ample to support each leading
growth, for it has been proved that bulbs of older growth only act asa
drain on the new ones. Fill a clean pot two-thirds full of crocks, and on
these set the plant. Pot very firmly, pressing the osmunda well round by
means of a pointed stick. Be very careful not to bury the plant. The base
134 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 190%
of:the bulbs should just be a fraction below the surface of the osmunda,
which in its turn should be just below the rim of the pot. :
‘In addition to firm potting, it is important to make the plant secure by
tying the pseudobulbs to a neat stick, for if left unsteady root action will
be made slowly. Finish off by clipping the fibre with a pair of scissors: to
make it level, and add a few heads of sphagnum moss on the surface.
After repotting, stand the plants in a warm, moist, and shady position, and
spray over their leaves on bright days, and little water should be given
until it is seen that new roots are pushing into the new soil.
Care and a little practice will soon render mastery in the art of potting,
and perhaps, for a beginner, an ocular demonstration would be best.
Fire heat will not always be needed now, but avoid keeping a stuffy,
closed house to save firing.
po ee
THE GENUS ODONTIODA (pp. 97-100).—Our readers would oblige by
making the following amendments in their copies :—
Odontioda Cleopatra (p. 98). The second parent is Odm. Lairessei.
Oda. daltonense (p. 98) should read ‘‘ Opa. DALTONENSIS.”’
Oda. Doris (p. 99). The raiser should read ‘‘ Mrs. Norman Cookson.”
Oda. Adrastus (p. 99) should read “‘ Opa. Aprastia,” as the hybrid was
named alter Adrastia, a Cretan nymph. The error arose through 4
misreading in the original record cited.
Oda. Mica (p. 100) is a synonym of O. SEyMouRIz&, O.R., 1913, p- 288;
a record accidentally overlooked. Raiser and date, Armstrong & Brown,
Aug., I913.
Oda. Gladys (p. 99). An earlier record for this hybrid is ODA-
RED-Ripinc-Hoop, O.R., 1913, p. 129.. Raiser and date, F. M. Ogilvie,
March, 1913. This leaves the name free for the following addition :—
Opa. GLapys (Oda. Bradshawize x Odm. Pescatorei), O.R., 1915+
117.—G. W. Bird, March, r1g15.
The following additions may also be made :—
Opa. CARDINAL (Oda. Vuylstekee X Odm. spectabile), O.R., 1915,
119.—Baron Bruno Schréder, March, 1915.
Opa. SULTAN (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. spectabile), O.R., 1915,
p- 117.—G. W. Bird, March, 1915.
——_--0-<e
ODONTOGLossuM HUNNEWELLIANUM CITRINUM.—This is a charming
variety from the collection of F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East
Grinstead, which we do not remember to have seen before. It is a case of
albinism, the flowers having entirely lost the characteristic brown markings
leaving the flower clear light citron-yellow, hence the name. The species
was introduced from the Bogota district over twenty-five years ago.—R.A-R+
°
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135.
|e | OBITUARY. VIR]
ea NATHAN MEYER ROTHSCHILD.—Horticulture has
sustained a great loss in the death of Baron Rothschild, G.C.V.O.,
which took place on March 31st after an operation. His beautiful gardens
at Tring Park, Herts, contained magnificent collections of decorative
plants, and Orchids, we know, were among his chief favourites. Cattleyas
and Lelias, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums and others were splendidly
grown at Tring, and the Phalznopsis there have been described as the best
in Europe. He was a great patron of horticulture, and a liberal supporter
of the different garden charities. His name is commemorated in
Phalaenopsis Rothschildiana, raised from P. Schilleriana and P. amabilis,
and Cattleya Rothschildiana, from C. Gaskelliana and C. Dowiana. He
is succeeded in the title by his eldest son, the Hon. Walter Rothschild,.
who is an ardent naturalist.
Pror. Orro N. Witt.—Germany has lost one of her most enthusiastic.
amateur Orchidists. In an obituary notice in Nature, Sir T. E. Thorpe,.
C.B., F.R.S., remarks: “ By the sudden death, through heart failure, on
March 23rd, of Otto Nikolaus Witt, Geheimer Regierungsrat and professor of
the Technical High School of Charlottenburg, at the comparatively early age
of sixty-three, and in the full maturity of his intellectual power, Germany
loses one of the most distinguished of her teachers of chemical technology,
and one of the most successful of her pioneers in the application of organic
chemistry to industrial pursuits. Of Russian extraction, Witt had intimate
associations with all the countries now warring against Germany. . - -
Upwards of thirty years ago Witt spent some time in England as a member
of the now defunct firm of Williams, Thomas, and Dyer, then engaged in.
the industrial production of coal-tar dyes. He took kindly to English life,
moved freely in scientific and literary circles in London, joined the Savile
Club, had his boat on the river, and enjoyed to the full the hospitality
which his many social gifts, the range of his knowledge, his admirable
conversational powers and charm of manner readily secured for him.”
An account of his various scientific activities, both here and in
Germany, is outside the scope of this journal, but it is remarked that his.
name is associated with the discovery of certain typical classes of synthetic
dye-stuffs, and that his contributions to the Dictionary of Applied
Chemistry are among the most valuable articles m that work, and are
characterised by Witt’s excellent literary qualities, his grasp of principles,
his power of co-ordination, his sense of proportion, and felicity of expression
—qualities exhibited in no less degree in his frequent contributions to-
Prometheus, with which he was associated as editor for many years.
“136 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915,
Witt was a singularly gifted man, of great attainments, artistic and
-literary, of large sympathies and wide interests, far removed indeed in
mental habit and outlook from what is usually regarded as the typical
“German professor. He had an extensive knowledge of what is best in the —
-literature of nearly every European nation, to which his remarkable
linguistic attainments gave him ready access. In early life he was attracted
“to biological problems, was an excellent microscopist, and rivalled Cleve in
studying and delineating the lower forms of organic life. In his later years —
he was devoted to the culture of Orchids, and was an occasional visitor to
“the Temple Show of our Royal Horticultural Society, and a frequent
~purchaser at the plant auctions in London.
It was/in this connection that our acquaintance with him was made,
partly by correspondence, and partly by a personal visit during one of ‘his
“trips to London. He wasan active member of the German Orchid Society,
‘and joint editor of its official organ, Orchis, from 1909 to 1911, and
afterwards a member of the Committee. He was the author of numerous
important papers in Orchis, and it may be added that the figure of
‘Paphiopedilum Veuus given at page 145 of our seventeenth vor was
oe a photograph of a plant in his collection. ,
BEES FERTILISING CATTLEYAS.—Bees, we know, are not generally
“welcomed in Orchid houses, and Mr. Knudsen, of Boulder, Colorado, who
‘has been very successful in growing Cattleya Mossiz, found on one
‘occasion that the flowers were being fertilised, and subsequent observation
‘proved that this was done by a humble bee; Bombus Huntii, which’ gained
‘access to the greenhouse. The case is recorded by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell
(Coult. Bot. Gaz., lix. p. 330), to whom one of the bees was’ sent with
several pollinia attached to the mesothorax. Mr. Cockerell remarks: “* The
case is interesting, since this bee has had, of course, no'previous ase
with Cattleya or with any closely related plant.”
We believe that all Cattleyas are fertilised in a wild state by bees. A
‘gtaphic account was sent to us a few years ago of the fertilisation of
Cattleya intermedia in South Brazil by Mr. J. J. Keevil (O.R., xviii. p- 29):
‘The insect resembles an English Humble Bee, but is of treble the size.
‘Alighting on the front lobe, the insect’s weight depresses the lip from the
‘column, allowing the bee to find its way to the nectary. On emerging
backwards the pollinia are seen fixed on the back of its neck, to be
-deposited on the stigma of the next flower visited. This bee is the active
agent in the production of the natural hybrids, Leliocattleya elegans and
“Schilleriana, and we suspect it to be the widely diffused American bee,
‘Eulema cayennensis, of which we once received a — from Mr.
Rand, of Para.
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137
HE mention of Vanda luzonica among the Philippine Orchids exhibited
VANDA LUZONICA.
at the opening at the Panama Exhibition (see page 106) reminds us
of a letter received nearly a year ago from Mr. Hugh Dixon, of Sidney,
N.S.W., containing a dried flower and two photographs of this species.
One of the photographs is here reproduced. Mr. Dixon writes: ‘‘ The
plant in habit is very much like the Vandas of this section. The mauve
markings on the segments of the flower in the photo are not nearly
Fig. 12. VANDA LUZONICA.
r itself, although the plate was panchromatic.
so pronounced as on the flowe
h on account of the tinge of yellow on the
The markings are violet, thoug
white ground it looks a darker mauve. The plants do well at the warm
end of the Intermediate House.” We have known this species for years,
description has been published. Dried
ograph were sent to Kew by Mr. Loher in
but are not aware that any
specimens, drawings, and a phot :
1906, with the remark that it is allied to V. tricolor. The habit and floral
138 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915.
structure is well shown in the photograph. The flowers are described as
cream-coloured, with the front lobe of the lip amethyst. It was found at
Montalban, in the Island of Luzon, and living plants were sent to
Erlangen, though we do not know whether it has flowered in Europe. The
dried flower sent by Mr. Dixon is rather larger than the original ones,
measuring two inches across. The second photo is on a more reduced
scale, and shows a stem about as long as the inflorescence. The recurved
leaves are five to six inches long. It is a very graceful and attractive
addition to the genus. R.A.R.
SALE OF THE HIGHBURY ORCHIDS.—The Sale of the Orchid Collection
of the late Mr. Joseph Chamberlain took place at Messrs. Protheroe and
Morris’ Sale Rooms, Cheapside, on April 15th and 16th, and was largely
attended. There were 701 lots, which realised a total of £826. The
record price was twelve guineas, for a plant of Odontoglossum Insleayi
splendens, purchased by Mr. Waters Butler, of Birmingham, who was one
of the principal’buyers. A second plant went for eleven guineas. © There
were some fine varieties of Lelia anceps in exceptionally well-growo
examples, of which L. a. Schroederiana fetched six guineas, L. a. Chamber-
lainiana, two fine plants, 54 guineas, and L. a. Stella £2 15s. Cattleya
Bowringiana pallida fetched £4 1os., and a fine plant of the type went for
halfas much. The plant of Leliocattleya Chamberlainiana (L.-c. Amelia
x elegans Turneri), which was described at page 371 of our last volume,
sold for three guineas. Two fine specimens of Lycaste Skinneri fetched
six guineas, Cattleya labiata magnifica 34 guineas, and C. Lawrenceana
£I 15s. Some plants of such well-known old Orchids as Oncidium
tigrinum, Odontoglossum grande, Rossii, and citrosmum sold well, but
the prices were generally low. The plants offered were largely well-known
species and varieties, with some of the older hybrids. A few things were
secured for Kew, including large plants of Cattleya Bowringiana, Odonto-
glossum coronarium and Edwardii, and Promenza xanthina.
THE ORIGIN OF CHARACTERS.—The old and ever vague problem of the
Origin of Species is being resolved into the newer and more definite
problem of the Origin of Characters. In the dim future, when we know
how and why new characters originate, and how and why they transform
and disappear, the problem of species will have long been solved and well-
nigh forgotten. This is because a species is an assemblage or colony of
similar individuals ; each individual is composed of a vast number of some-
what similar new or old characters, each character has its independent and
separate history, each character is in a certain stage of evolulion, each
character is correlated with the other characters of the individual.—OsBORN-
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139°
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY. F|
By W. H. Wuirte, for many years Orchid Grower to the '
late Sir ‘lrevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O,
EMPERATURES.—Now that the amount of daylight has increased,.
the majority of the plants are growing and rooting freely, and the
night temperatures, as maintained by fire-heat, should be advanced a few
degrees—the East Indian house from 65° to 70°; Cattleya, 60° to 65°
Intermediate house a few degrees less; Mexican, about 60°, and the
Odontoglossum or Cool house about 50°. The higher temperatures should
be maintained whenever the external air stands at about 50°, but when colder
the lower one given is preferable. When finishing up for the night those
in charge of the fires may be weatherwise enough to foresee what the
weather is likely to be, and so be able to regulate the heating apparatus,.
and the ventilation of the houses, that the temperatures in each division
will be about correct in the morning. It will not be advisable to employ
artificial heat in the Cool houses except when early morning frosts are
imminent, and then the pipes should be made only just lukewarm, for
should the atmosphere inside become too warm by this means, the plants:
might suffer, and insect pests would make their appearance and multiply
rapidly. Unless absolutely necessary, use no fire heat in this division, and
the plants will be all the better without it. In the day-time, as mentioned
in last month’s Calendar, there will still be considerable variation in the
temperatures; on dull, wet days the higher temperatures prescribed for
night should be maintained, but when the weather is warm and bright a
rise of several degrees by sun-heat will be beneficial ; in fact as regards the
warmer divisions, it matters little how much the rise in temperature by
sun-heat may be, provided there is sufficient ventilation afforded to
balance it.
SUMMER QUARTERS.—Towards the end of the month the following
plants, which have been wintered in the Intermediate house, may be
removed to a cooler and more airy house, and the warmest part of the
Odontoglossum division will be a very suitable place for them for the next
six months. These include Lelia harpophylla, L. pumila, L. prestans,
L. Dayana, Dendrobium infundibulum and Jamesianum, Odontoglossum
Krameri and O. nevium, Miltonia vexillaria, and any of its hybrids as they
go out of bloom, also M. Phalaenopsis, M. Endresii, and the distinct
M. Schrcederiana, which also winter best in a light position in the
Intermediate house. During summer they prefer the Cool house. So
soon as the day temperature of the Cool house rises on most days to 60°,
without the aid of fire-heat, it is time for them to be shifted from their
140 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, Igrs.
winter quarters ; with mild weather they are soon at home, and all through
the summer they enjoy the extra shade.and the moist airy atmosphere as
much as any plant in the house. After removal to the Cool house it is
advisable to keep the plants for several weeks a trifle drier at the root than
they have been in the warmer division,
MILTONIA VEXILLARIA and several of its beautiful hybrids will now be
sending up their flower spikes, and ought to be making from the base of the
young growths plenty of new roots to support the flowers. Of these roots
woodlice are extremely fond, and if not trapped and killed will quickly eat -
the point of every one immediately it becomes visible. M. Reezlii, when
well cultivated, is a beautiful Orchid, and the flowers are strongly rose-
scented. It requires more warmth than any of the others. During winter
the plant succeeds best on the shady side of the East Indian house, but
through the summer the Intermediate house is the best place for it. Being
a compact-rooting plant it should not be over-potted, as the roots like to
cling to the sides of the pot, and when well established will enjoy an
almost unlimited supply of water.
MASDEVALLIas.—The white Masdevallia tovarensis may now be placed
in the Cool house, if well established, but those plants that have been
recently repotted should be kept in the warmer division for several weeks
longer. All the Chimzroid Masdevallias, as M. Chimera, bella, Wallisii.
Backhouseana, and nycterina will now do suspended in the Cool house,
As these plants pass their flowers in a downward direction, like Stanhopeas,
they should never be grown in pots, or many of their flowers would be
destroyed. Put them in shallow baskets made of teak rods, placed wide
apart ; use no crocks, and only osmunda fibre to root in. They must be
kept moist the whole year round, as dryness at the root or in the air is bad
for them; lightly spray their foliage every day.
STIPPLING THE ROOF GLass.—Assuming that the cold dull weather is
practically at an end, we may now reasonably expect plenty of warm sun-
shine, which will be beneficial to the plants in every way. For several
years past I have found it advantageous, at this time of the year, to have
the roof glass of nearly all the houses stippled outside, the exceptions being
the Dendrobium and Mexican houses. For the warmer houses I used @
mixture of white lead and paraffin, adding a little clear varnish to make it
adhere firmly to the glass. The stippling should be done whilst the sun is
shining full upon the glass, so that the mixture may dry on as quickly as
possible. Clean the glass thoroughly beforehand, and see that no dirt is
present where the glass overlaps, otherwise the mixture will block up the
spaces, and make the roof air tight. Put the stippling mixture on these
Warm houses as thinly as possible, and by the middle of the summer 4
considerable portion of it will be worn off, thereby gradually accustoming
+
\
May, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 140
the plants to more light and sunshine. This is particularly applicable to
Cattleyas, as light is always very beneficial to them towards the end of the
summer months. The stippling on the Cool houses is done more thickly,
and a mixture of flour and water is used, this being more suitable for the
plants, as the surface of the glass remains cooler than when mineral:
substances are used. Choose a fine bright day for stippling the Cool
houses, and remove the plants, so that the sun can effectually dry the
coating firm and hard.
The stippling of the glass has, undoubtedly, its advantages and
disadvantages; for instance, during a long spell of dull weather a great deal
of clear light is prevented from reaching the plants, which is not altogether
good for them, but, on the other hand, the blinds or shadings need not be
let down nearly so soon in the morning, and may be pulled up very much:
earlier in the afternoon, thereby affording the plants a very great amount of
natural sun-heat, which is always vety beneficial to the majority of those
which occupy the warmer divisions.
Coo. HovusE.—Plants of Sophronitis grandiflora that require fresh»
rooting material may now be attended to, as they are commencing to push
éut roots from the growths which have recently flowered. Provide plenty”
of drainage, and employ osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss as the rooting’
medium. Cut the moss up rather finely, as when used in a rough, coarse~
state this material holds moisture for too long a time, which is always
inimical to the health of the new roots. Suspend the plants near to the”
roof glass, and afford plenty of water whilst the roots are active, and till the
growths are fully made up, after which time the plants, being at rest, will
need very little water to keep the small pseudobulbs and leaves fresh:
andgreen. Plants of Odontoglossum Rossii, O. Cervantesii, O. Humeanum,.
and O. CErstedii that have recently passed out of flower should be suspended
close to the roof glass, and be afforded just enough water to prevent the
pseudobulbs and leaves from shrivelling. An excess of water whilst the’
plants are at rest will cause the roots to decay.
Ancutoas.—lIn this house the various Anguloas, including A. Clowesii,
eburnea, uniflora, Ruckeri, and Cliftonii are making new growth, and
pushing up their flower spikes. Where convenient, it is advisable to’
remove the plants to a cool, shady part of the Intermediate house. The
plants should not be repotted now, especially those that are about to-
flower, but the operation may be carried out immediately the blooms are
cut, and new roots begin to push out from the base of the young growths..
I have tried several mixtures for these Anguloas, and the plants that
succeeded best were those planted in well-drained, hard, coarse osmunda
fibre, no sphagnum moss being used. When repotting, keep the base of
the young growths on a level with the rim of the pot, and pack the material-
142 THE ORCHID REVIEW [May, 1915.
-quite firmly around each plant. Good and efficient drainage is essential.
For the present, afford sufficient water to keep the compost just moist.
LycasTEs.—Lycastes are now flowering, and whilst the plants are in
‘bloom it is advisable to wash the undersides of the leaves occasionally to
destroy red-spider, which frequently attacks them. Very careful watering
is necessary whilst these plants are in flower, as if too much be afforded the
-old roots will decay, and the flowers soon become spotted and useless.
Repotting may be done when the new growths are several inches high.
Pot them in the same kind of compost as recommended ‘in a former
-Calendar for the deciduous Calanthes, and the after treatment as regards
-watering should be exactly the same.
CATTLEYA HOUSE.—In this house plants of Cattleya Warscewiczii
(gigas), C. Dowiana, C. D. aurea, and several of their hybrids are forming
‘their new growths, and should be placed well up to the roof glass.
Although the plants may be growing strong and freely, much care should
‘be exercised in affording water, as any excess of water till the young
-growths are well advanced is likely to cause the old roots to decay and the
young growths to damp off. When the old compost has become close and
“Stagnant, and saturated through over-watering, it generally takes a long
time to get dry, and it is during this interval that much damage is done.
Water may be more freely applied when the flower-sheaths are visible in
‘the new growths, but the amount of moisture should be lessened gradually
-after the flowers expand. Repotting should be deferred until after the
completion of growth.
Plants of C. Schroeder and several Cattleya, Lzliocattleya, and Brasso-
-cattleya hybrids that have recently passed out of flower should be placed at
the cooler end of the'house, and be*kept comparatively dry at the root, other-
wise they may recommence to grow instead of having a rest. While the
»plants are at rest they should not be allow to shrivel too much for want of
water, but if the pseudobulbs have been properly matured, only a little
‘water is needed to keep them fairly plump. Immediately new roots
develop from the current season’s growth, and the old ones send out fresh
‘rootlets, afford the plants larger pots, or fresh rooting material to those
-that require it.
Such species as C. Triane, C. Percivaliana, C. Gaskelliana,
C. Lueddemanniana (speciosissima), the autumn-flowering C. labiata, and
many of their hybrids are making new growths. Some of these plants are
forming fresh roots from the old ones, others will quickly develop roots
from the young growths. Such plants, provided they need more root
room, may be repotted, and, if carefully attended to, the young roots will
speedily become established in the fresh compost. Plants of C. Mossiz
_and C. Mendelii that have failed to produce flower sheaths, and others that
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143
have deteriorated through loss of roots or other causes, will also begin to
make fresh roots at this season, and may be repotted and started afresh.
In the case of unhealthy plants it is best to divide and repot the growing
pieces separately into as small pots as possible. Cut off all useless back
bulbs; about three bulbs behind each leading growth is quite sufficient.
The pots for these Cattleyas should be filled to at least one-half their
depth with clean crocks, and the larger the pot the more drainage becomes
necessary. Pot the plants in a mixture of good hard osmunda fibre and
Ar fibre in about equal proportions, and mix them well together.
When preparing the osmunda fibre it is advisable to remove the brown
mossy substance, as it retains moisture for too long a time, causing the
fibre to decay prematurely, it..also binds so closely together that it is
difficult for the roots or water to pass freely through it.
When the plants have been repotted place them on the shady side of the
house, and for a few weeks afterwards afford water with extra care, merely
watering or sprinkling the compost around the edge of the pot to induce
the roots to grow. If carefully done the centre of the plant will be kept on
the dry side. As the plants become re-established, increase the amount of
root watering gradually, and afford more atmospheric moisture.
Young beginners should carefully study the plants, and learn to avoid
over-watering all Cattleyas, Lzlias, and their hybrids at all seasons, as old
and experienced Orchid growers know well that greater numbers of these
plants have been injured through over-watering than from any other cause.
Afford the plants plenty of ventilation whenever practicable; thus, in
mild weather, the bottom ventilators should be wide open, both by day and
night. During warm and bright weather the top ventilators may also be
opened for several hours during the middle of the day, but cold draughts
or strong currents of dry air from several different openings must be
avoided.
East INDIAN HoUSE.—In this house the greater number of the
Phalznopsis, as P. Schilleriana, Aphrodite, amabilis, and Sanderiana will
have passed out of flower, and have commenced to make new leaves, also to
show renewed activity at the root. This is, therefore, the proper season for
ascertaining if new baskets, pots, or cylinders are required, or if the
potting materials need to be renewed. Whichever receptacle is preferred
it should at least be three-parts filled with drainage materials, using only a
thin layer of sphagnum moss on the surface. These plants should have a
position afforded them on the shady side of the East Indian house. After
root disturbance very little water will be necessary, merely spraying the
moss on the surface occasionally to keep it fresh and green. :
DENDROBIUM PHAL#NopsIS.—At the present time plants of this
beautiful and useful Dendrobe have started to grow, and will quickly push
144 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1915.
out numbers of young roots from the base of the new shoots, therefore
before these roots make much progress, the plants, if they require‘it, ought
to be afforded more rooting space. It is advisable to grow these plants
in as small a receptacle as possible, as during growth they delight in plenty
of water at the root, but they thrive best when the material dries quickly,
therefore no great depth of compost should be employed, and this may
consist of chopped osmunda fibre and Ar fibre in about equal parts. It is
necessary that these materials be packed quite firmly around the base of
the plants.
Other Dendrobiums that require similar attention at this season, and
which send out roots when the new growth is a few inches high, are the
tall-growing D. Dalhousieanum, moschatum, fimbriatum, clavatum, &c.
Grow these species, also D. bigibbum and D. Goldiei, in the warmest and
least shady part of the hottest house with their foliage as near to the roof
glass as possible.
PLEIONES.—Such Pleiones as P. maculata, lagenaria, &c., are now in
the middle of their growing season, and at such time it is almost impossible
to afford them too much water. An occasional dose of weak liquid cow-
manure will strengthen the foliage and increase the size of the bulbs.
These Pleiones grow well in the Cattleya or Intermediate house, and should
be elevated near to the roof glass, with plenty of fresh air circulating
freely around them. Such species as P. humilis, P. Reichenbachiana,
P. yunnanensis, &c., should be grown well up to the roof glass in the
Cool house, and whilst growth is being made keep them moist. i
Eran ovo cr rane
THE LATE Mr. J. C. Harvey.—In its January issue the Orchid Review
published an article entitled ‘Orchids in South Mexico,” from the facile
pen of Mr. James C. Harvey (pp. 12-18), and it is sad to think that the
writer passed suddenly away on the fourteenth of the previous month. His
death is a distinct and serious loss *to Orchidology. To the grower, and to
those interested in the scientific study of the family, his loss will be well
nigh irreparable. Notwithstanding his sixty-four years, he was a?
indefatigable collector, and in pursuit of his favourites braved terrors and
discomforts of travel in the tropical jungle which would have appalled
many younger and less ambitious enthusiasts. Although a collector upo?
a large scale, Mr. Harvey was strictly an amateur, utilising his collections
only for purposes of exchange, and at the time of his death he had
accumulated the finest collection existing in the Republic of Mexico. A
lovely and accomplished gentleman, a rare companion and a staunch and
loyal friend, his death will be a loss indeed to his many correspondents
scattered over the world in every country where the gentle art of Orchid
growing is followed.—Ww. S. Lyon, Gardens of Nagtajan, Manila, P.I.
May, 1915-] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 145>
Eeisess| EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH. Aerie |
T the meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society, held on April 15th, a
Cultural Certificate was given to a fine plant of Eulophiella
Elisabethz, from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury,.
and the circumstance serves to recall the history of this remarkable species,
EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH.
and also another fine plant which flowered many years ago at Kew, and’
still remains in good health in the collection. The figure of this plant is
here given, necessarily on a much reduced scale. Eulophiella Elisabethz
146 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915,
was originally introduced by Messrs. Linden, of Brussels, who flowered it in
1892, when it was described and figured (Lindenia, t. 325), a new genus
being formed for its reception. It was first exhibited at the Ghent
Quinquennial Exhibition, in April, 1893, and was described as probably
the most remarkable plant in the whole show (O.R., i. p. 159). Its history
. was also very fully given at this time (pp. 207-208, 234), from which it
appears that a single plant appeared in an importation of Angrecum
sesquipedale and Grammangis Ellisii sent home by M. Sallarin, and that its
real character was not known until it flowered, though it was evidently
distinct from the outset. Its introduction was prior to March, 1891, when
Messrs. Linden received a letter from M. L. Hamelin stating that
M. Sallarin, of whom news had not been received for months, had been
drowned by the upsetting of a small pirogue when crossing an arm of the
sea. The circumstance seemed to have put M. Hamelin in touch with the
plant, which he recognised from a copy of the Lindenia, and in June, 1893,
an importation from him was sold by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. It flowered
in the following March, both with Messrs. Sander and with Sir Trevor
Lawrence, the latter receiving a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. for
a plant bearing two fine spikes. The species thrives well under basket
treatment in the East Indian house, but does not succeed under cooler
treatment, hence it has become rather rare of late years. For the romance
which has been incorporated with its history we may briefly refer to
pp: Io1, 231 of our second volume, and numerous references may be found
by means of the Index to the first three volumes.
ccesnmpalpoiae
ODONTOGLOsSsUM ADRIAN RAISED ARTIFICIALLY.—It is interesting to
record that the origin of Odontoglossum Adriane has again been proved
experimentally, a plant being now in bloom at Kew that was raised from a
plain white O. crispum crossed with pollen from O. Hunnewellianum. The
flowers are quite intermediate in shape, and the colour light yellow with
numerous small blotches. The cross was made by the writer in May, 1906,
with the object of proving the origin of this hybrid. Although flowering
after O. Coradinei and O. previsum, it was the first of the series, but the
seedlings, after making their first leaves, received a severe check through
accidental exposure when the house was being painted, and at one time it
was feared they would not recover. Several earlier crosses were without
result owing to the difficulty of getting the seeds to germinate. It should
be added that in the February after this cross was made a seedling flowered
in the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, that
had been obtained from O. Hunnewellianum crossed with the blotched
O. crispum Raymond Crawshay (O.R., xv. p. gs), the result being a fairly
typical O..Adrianz, as in the present case.—R.A.R.
May, 1y15.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147
eces SOCIETIES. 28 |
RoyaL HoRTICULTURAL.
MEETING was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square,
Westminster, on April 13th, when there was a good display of
Orchids, and the awards consisted of five medals, three Awards of Merit,
and one First-class Certificate.
Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, W. H.
Hatcher, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, H. G.
Alexander, J. E. Shill, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, A. McBean, F. M.
Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, Stuart H. Low,
W. Thompson, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, and Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
staged a very interesting group of botanical Orchids, including well-
flowered plants of Pleurothallis Grobyi, Masdevallia troglodytes, Arminil,
and xanthina, Polystachya paniculata with four inflorescences, Scapho-
sepalum ochthodes, Maxillaria flava, and others. Also a strong plant of
Odontioda Bradshawiz purpurea, bearing a magnificent panicle of scarlet
flowers margined with purple.
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent Odonto-
glossum crispum H. S. Goodson, a well-shaped, blotched flower, and
‘Sophrocatlelia Olive var. Fairlawn (S.-l. Psyche x C. Enid), bearing
three rosy flowers, with the lip deep purple in front of the yellow disc.
W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood (gr. Mr. Branch), sent
Miltonia Charlesworthii var. Beatrice (vexillaria Cobbiana x Hyeana),
‘Odontioda Brewii var. Leeana, with dark chocolate flowers, and two good
examples of Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica.
C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Bucknell), sent Odontoglossum
Phillipsianum. (luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum xX eximium), a promising
hybrid, having light orange-buff sepals and petals margined with white,
and the lip rather darker with a yellow crest.
W. R. St.-Quintin, Esq., Scampston Hall, Rillington (gr. Mr. Puddle),
showed Brassocattleya Vanessa (C. Triane x B.-c. Marie), bearing an
enormous flower, with a light yellow disc to the lip.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent a seedling Odontioda Madeline (Oda. Charlesworthii xX Odm.
-crispum), bearing its first flower, and two blotched seedling Odonto-
glossums.
148 THE ORCHID > REVIEW. [May, 1915.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group,
including fine examples of Angraecum sesquipedale and A. Sanderianum
with four racemes, the striking Zygocolax Charlesworthii, Odontioda
Feronia (Odm. Edwardii x Oda. Bradshawiz), with numerous small
purple flowers, good forms of O. Schrcederi, Bradshawiz, Joan, Charles-
worthii, and Brewii, including a’ particularly light-coloured form of the
latter, good examples: of Odontoglossum armainvillierense xanthotes,
Harryanum, Jasper, a charming. O. Pescatorei virginale, Cattleya
Schroedere alba, and others (Silver Banksian. Medal).
Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth, staged a goo
group, including Dendrobium, Brymerianum, Sophronitis grandiflora,
Odontioda Charlesworthii, Cymbidium. insigne, and some good Cattleyas
and Odontoglossums (Silver Banksian Medal). _
Messrs. Hassall & Co.; Southgate, staged a bright and attractive group,
including good examples of Cattleya Mendelii, Leeliocattleya Ballii,
Miltonia Bleuana, Odontioda loochristiensis (C. Ncetzliana x O. gloriosum),
O. Diana and Bradshawie, Odontoglossum Jasper, Brassocattleya Menda,
and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a good group, including
some well-flowered| Dendrobium Devonianum, D. ‘ dixanthum, | D.
Thwaitesiz, and others, Sophronitis grandiflora, Odontoglossum Wilckeanum
and Phoebe, some well-flowered Cattleya Schroedere, Leeliocattleya
Feronia, Cymbidium Lowianum, Brassocattleyas, and other good things
(Silver Banksian. Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group,
including the rare Dendrobium senile, Epidiacrium Colmanii, the hand-
some. Maxillaria Fletcheriana, Renanthera Imschootiana, Coelogyne
ochracea, Brassavola nodusa, Cypripedium St.-Swithin (philippinense X
Rothschildianum), combining the good qualities of both parents, and some
good Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Odontiodas, and Odontoglossums (Silver
Banksian Medal). :
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent the pretty little Masdevallia
O’Brieniana, and a pretty Odontoglossum from O. mirum x Lambeauianum,
having a white ground with large chocolate blotches.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
L&LIocaTTLEYA NENA (warnhamensis x Dominiana langleyensis).—4
brightly-coloured hybrid, bearing a spike of five flowers, having reddish-
orange sepals and petals and a deep ruby-red lip. Exhibited by Messrs-
Flory & Black.
ODoNTIoDA ZENoBIA VAR. LEEANA (Odm. percultum x Oda. Charles-
worthii.—A fine thing, having claret-brown sepals and petals, and the lip
deep rose-purple behind and white in front. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq-
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149
ODONTOGLOSSUM LEVIATHAN (parentage unrecorded).—Apparently a
form of O. amabile, bearing six enormous flowers, with the sepals and petals
tinged with rose and spotted and blotched with brown, and the lip well
blotched. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq.
CULTURAL COMMENDATION.
MASDEVALLIA KIMBALLIANA VAR, PoURBAIXI (Veitchiana X caudata).—
To Mr. J. Collier, gr. to Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., for a very fine
specimen, bearing a large number of orange-red flowers.
At the meeting held on April 27th the Orchids, of which there was a
very good display, were confined to the Orchid annexe, so full was the
Hall with general exhibits, and there was also an excellent attendance.
The Orchid awards consisted of six medals, one First-class Certificate, and
two Awards of Merit.
Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler (in the Chair), J. O’Brien (hon.
sec.), Gurney Wilson, R. Brooman White, C. J. Lucas, W. Bolton, Clive
Cookson, S. W. Flory, A. Dye, W. H. White, G. Hunter, W. P. Bound,
H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth,
Walter Cobb, T. Armstrong, F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury,
R. G. Thwaites, J. Wilson Potter, Stuart H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, Sir Harry
J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. J. Collier),
showed a fine specimen of Oncidium monachicum, bearing a large panicle
of yellow and brown flowers, the petals uniting at the apex into a ring,
Leliocattleya Eldorado (L.-c. Canhamiana alba x C. Eldorado), having
white sepals and petals, the front of the lip rose-purple, and the disc orange-
yellow, the rare Lissochilus arenarius, and a stand of cut Dendrobiums,
noteworthy among them being the fine D. Lady Colman, D. Alpha
{euosmum x regium), and a charming hybrid from D. aureum and regium,
having light rose flowers with the disc of the lip yellow.
G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Redden), sent
Odontioda Gladys (Odm. Pescatorei X Oda. Bradshawiz), and O. Sensation
var. Arethusa (Odm. crispum Queen Victoria x Oda. Vuylstekez), well
blotched with chocolate on a yellow ground margined with lilac.
Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper (gr. Mr. Salter), sent Brasso-
cattleya Maric Cobb’s var., a pretty blush white form, Miltonia Bleuana
rosea, blush white with the lower halves of the petals purple, and Lelio-
Cattleya Lucia Cobb’s var., bearing a spike of six golden-yellow flowers,
with the front lobe of the lip ruby-purple.
The Earl of Craven, Coombe Abbey, Coventry (gr. Mr. H. Chandler),
sent Leeliocattleya Corneliensis (L.-c. Haroldiana X C. Schroedere),
bearing three light salmon-buff flowers, with an orange throat to the lip.
150 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1915.
F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth),
showed Cattleya Mendelii Queen Mary, a pretty white form with a blush-
white front to the lip.
W. Potter, Esq., Edenside, Beckenham, sent flowers of a light-coloured
form of Dendrobium Rubens. :
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed a plant of Lzliocattleya Ivanhoe (L.-c. eximia X C. Dowiana), a
_ large and well-shaped rose-purple flower, with the front lobe of the lip
crimson-purple, and the disc yellow.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
showed an interesting little group, including Odontioda Sanderz, luminosa,
and Bradshawie, Sophrocatlelia Marathon, Leeliocattleya callistoglossa,
Odontoglossum Pescatorei, O. Newlingii, and others.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group of
well-grown plants, including a fine Miltonia Warscewiczii, some well-
flowered Trichopilia Backhouseana, Zygocolax Charlesworthii, Odonto-
glossum eximium, illustrissimum, and O. sceptrum aureum, blandum,
Kegeljanii, a finely-grown O. crispum with two spikes, Oncidium
Marshallianum, Miltonia vexillaria gigantea, Odontioda Joan, Brasso-
cattleya Veitchii, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, including
some well-grown Dendrobium Wardianum and Jamesianum, Cymbidium
Butterfly, Masdevallia Houtteana, Promenza xanthina, some _profusely-
flowered Sophronitis grandiflora, Trichopilia Hennisii, a good plant of
Cirrhopetalum Collettii, Odontoglossum cirrhosum and Titania, and the
pretty little Vanda ccerulescens Boxallii (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged an effective group, including
a fine Coelogyne pandurata, a beautiful example of Oncidium pulchellum,
and some good forms of Cattleya Mendelii, with examples of Lelio-
cattleya Ballii in the centre, and several Trichopilia Backhouseana in front
(Silver Banksian Medal). ‘
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jatvisbrook, staged a good group, including
well-flowered examples of Dendrobium densiflorum, thyrsiflorum,
suavissimum, chrysotoxum, Brymerianum, Jamesianum, and dixanthum,
with Renanthera Imschootiana, Odontioda Charlesworthii, Oncidium
Kramerianum, and a few good Cattleyas and Leeliocattleyas (Silver
Banksian Medal). :
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
a very dark Oncidioda Cooksoniz, Miltonia Bleuana, Cattleya Schroeder®
Odontioda Charlesworthii with much yellow in the ground colour, gent
good Odontoglossums, and a fine example of Oncidium McBeanianum 19
the centre (Silver Banksian Medal).
May, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 152
Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth, staged an interesting
little group, including Odontioda Cupid and Charlesworthii, Miltonia
vexillaria, Cattleya Mendelii, Mossiz, and Schrcedere, Leeliocattleyas,
Odontoglossum pulchellum, and others (Bronze Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Leliocattleya Fascinator-Mossize
var. Imogene, having white sepals and petals, and the front of the lip ruby-
purple, and Brassocattleya Constance (B.-c. Veitchii x C. intertexta), a
pretty rosy-lilac hybrid with a darker lip.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
BRASSOCATTLEYA CLIFTONII FOWLER’S VAR. (C. Triane xX B.-c.
Veitchii).—A large and beautiful white form of perfect shape, the lip being
well-fringed and having a small purple blotch in front of the yellow disc.
Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr.
J. Davis).
AWARDS OF MERIT.
BRASSOCATTLEYA VILMORINIANA SHRUBBERY VAR. (C. Mossiz X B.-c.
Leemanniz).—-A fine form, bright purple-rose in colour, and with a dark
yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq.
L&LIOCATTLEYA ISABEL-SANDER GATTON Park VAR. (L.-c. Canhamiana
alba x C. Mossiz Reineckeana).—A beautiful white flower of good shape
with slight pink mottling in front of the yellow crest of the lip. Exhibited
by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April Ist,
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood,
J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod,
C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. Arthur
(Secretary).
Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
er. Mr. Gilden), to W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Howes), and to
W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. Branch), for very fine miscellaneous:
groups.
Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr.
Mr. Lupton), and to Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, for fine
groups.
A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury
(gr. Mr. Rogers), for a choice group of Dendrobiums, Lycaste Skinneri,
Sophronitis grandiflora, and a few others. :
Interesting exhibits were also sent by A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston.
(gr. Mr. Findlow), Philip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey ~ (gr. Mr.
4152 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915.
“Thompson), Mrs. S. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown), S. Gratrix,
Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown), J. Butterworth, Esq., Burnley
(gr. Mr. Wilson), Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, Messrs. J. & A.
McBean, Cooksbridge, Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, and
Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Canopus, Odontioda luminosa (Odm..
Rossii rubescens X Oda. Charlesworthii), and Sophrocatlelia Marathon
-Ashlands var., from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontioda Zenobia Thompson’s var. (Odm. percultum x Oda. Charles:
~worthii), from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Dendrobium Thwaitesiz Veitch’s var. (splendidissimum x Wiganiz),
‘from S. Gratrix, Esq., and Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons.
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Oakshottiz, from A. J. Oakshott,
Esq.
AWARDS OF MerIT.
Odontoglossum Titan and Léeliocattleya Britannia var. Melanie
(C. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt x L.-c. Canhamiana alba), from
‘Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Cymbidium insigne album and Oncidium King Albert, from P. Smith, Esq.
Odontoglossum percultum Othello:'and O. Ernesti memoria R. le Doux,
from A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Cypripedium Rossetti var. Mary Gratrix, from Mrs. S. Gratrix.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Palatine, from Col. J. Rutherford,
Ma.
Odontoglossum Jasper var. Masereelianum, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Odontoglossum -Lawrence Bresson (Meteor xX illustrissimum), from
J. Butterworth, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. J. Howes (gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq.), for a plant of
‘Masdevallia triangularis.
At the meeting held on April 15th the members of Committee present
‘were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J
Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes,
A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, P. Smith,
H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. W. Gilden), for a very fine miscellaneous group.
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a very choice group, a-considerable
number of plants also receiving awards.
May, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 153
Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr.
J. W. Fletcher), Col. J. Rutherford, Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton), and
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, for fine groups.
Interesting exhibits were also contributed by W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood
(gr. Mr. C. Branch), O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers),
W. P. Birkinshaw, Esq., Hessle (gr. Mr. J. T. Barker), A. J. Oakshott,
Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow), and Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Odontoglossum Rayonatum (venustulum X Lambeauianum), O. Rex,
and O. hololeucum var. Regina, from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes var. Mount Etna, O. Leviathan, and
Odontioda Zenobia var. Leeana (Odm. percultum x Oda. Charlesworthii),
from W. R. Lee, Esq.
Miltonia Bleuana Hessle var., from W. P. Birkinshaw, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Nerissa var. Brunette (nevium X crispum), O.
illustrissimum var. Babette, crispum Prince of Wales (Raymond Crawshay
xX Mundyanum), Cattleya Schroedere var. Queen Elizabeth, Miltonia
Hyeana Walton Grange var., Odontioda Joan, Masdevallia Chamberlainii,
and Zygopetalum Brewii Walton Grange var. (Z. rostratum X
Z. Perrenoudii), from Wm. Thompson, - Esq.
Zygocolax Charlesworthii var. Ashworthize, Odontioda Queen-Mary
Ashlands var., and Oncidium Marshallianum var. Rossendale, from
R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium waltonense rubrum, and Miltonia Mrs. Geoff. Taite
{Bleuana xX St.-Andre), from Mrs. R. le Doux.
- Odontioda Brewii var. Leeana (Odm. Harryanum x Oda. Charles-
worthii), and Cattleya Brenda (C. Dusseldorfii x C. Gaskelliana alba), from
W. R. Lee, Esq.
Odontoglossum Pescatorei Monica (Charlesworthii x Lindenii), and
O. Perfection, from Col. J. Rutherford.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq.), for plants of Miltonia
Phalznopsis and Eulophiella Elizabethe.
EpIpENDRUM O’BRIENIANUM SELF-FERTILISED.—Iwo more seedlings
of the batch of self-fertilised Epidendrum O’Brienianum (0.R., Xxii. p. 108),
are now flowering at Kew, and are quite distinct in colour, One has rose-
purple flowers with a pale yellow crest, while the other is bright cerise, with
a deeper yellow crest. The differences in shape are slight, while as regards
habit all the seedlings are, practically speaking, Epidendrum O’Brienianum
over again.—R.A.R.
054 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1915
$)
‘NDER the above heading are included such well-known forms as
Dendrobium chrysotoxum, densiflorum, Farmeri, thysiflorum, and a
few others. These Orchids are among the most beautiful and _ striking
subjects for a Warm house, and under good culture flower profusely, as
many racemes are borne for several successive seasons on the back bulbs as
well as on the new Jeads. Their culture is very simple, but several points
must be carefully noted.
eee RACEMOSE DENCROBIUMS.
With respect to temperatures, I find the following give good results:
During the growing season keep the house as hot as possible, and during
the resting season from 55° to 65° Fahr. In regard to water, it is
detrimental to give too much; let the compost become dry between each
watering, but free syringing over the leaves during the period of growth is
needed. Further, when growth is completed, do not rest the plants as cooh
or as dry as usually prescribed for such Dendrobiums as nobile and
Wardianum, but merely remove the plants to the Cattleya house and give
water about once weekly. Root disturbance is very harmful, as well as @
mass of soil about the roots. Keep them in as small receptacles as possible,
and only repot about every three years, using a mixture of osmunda fibre
and moss, and pot very firmly.
I strongly advocate growing these species throughout the year without
any shading whatever. This rather surprising mode of culture is of great
importance in getting the old bulbs to flower year after year. A proof of
this can be illustrated. Ihave many plants of D. chrysotoxum now in bud,
in 12-inch pans, bearing 21, 17, 15, 12, and 11 racemes respectively, In
one case a very old back bulb, after producing two flower spikes last year,
is now bearing three, whilst the young growths for next year will become
well matured under the blaze of an August sun. Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
also has frequently borne two and three spikes on back bulbs.
Finally, to get the best results, grow the plants as near the roof glass 4°
possible, and in the summer months, to avoid scorching of the leaves,
syringe the plants about eight a.m, and again about six in the evening,
when the sun’s rays will have lost their full force.
Redbourn, Herts. C. ALWYN HARRISON.
A FossiIL Orcuip.—Under the title ‘‘ Notes on Orchids,’ and the name
** Antholithes pediloides, n. sp. (fossil),”” Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell describes
(Coult. Bot. Gaz., lix. p. 333, fig. 1) a fossil that was collected by Mr. Geo-
N. Rohwer in the Miocene shales of Florissart, Colorado. The description
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155:
says briefly: ‘‘ Lip (?) apparently saccate, as preserved coffee-brown, much
darker than the shale, a little over 12 mm. long; no venation visible.”
The object is said to have all the appearance. of being the lip of a
Cypripedium, showing a strong callus around the lateral sinuses, and
even, by a dark shade, some indication of the margin of the sterile stamen.
Scattered over the surface are round subhyaline spots, which are supposed
to represent the work of some insect. Comparison with living Cypripedium
flowers appeared to confirm the identification. On the other hand, it appears:
very unlikely that a Cypripedium lip would be separated from the rest of
the flower and preserved in this manner. Mr. Cockerell thinks we can
say with certainty that the object is neither a fruit nor a leaf, but we are
not satisfied that the figure shows what is really the lip of a Cypripedium,
in spite of a certain resemblance, and we should like to know what it was
associated with.
The evidence for the existence of Orchids in a fossil state was
summarised at p. 129 of our seventeenth volume.
ODoNTOGLOSsUM PR#&VIsUM.—Two more seedlings of the batch of
O. Lindleyanum X gloriosum (see page 101) are now flowering at Kew,
and show rather more of the O. Lindleyanum character, the inflorescence
not being paniculate, while the blotches on the segments are fewer and
larger in size. They agree with the earlier one in shape and in the
cirrhate column wings. We have since discovered a second record of a
natural hybrid between these two species. Ina group of Orchids exhibited
by M. Ch. Maron at the Exposition held in May, 1911, at Ccurs-la-Reine,
we find included among a number of Odontoglossums an unnamed natural
hybrid of Odontoglossum gloriosum and Lindleyanum (Journ. Soc. Nat.
France, 1911, p. 320). It would be interesting to know if the plant still
exists.—R.A.R.
Oncipi1um MARSHALLIANUM VAR. RossENDALE,—At the meeting of the
Manchester Orchid Society, held on April 15th last, an Award of Merit
was given to Oncidium Marshallianum var. Rossendale, which was
exhibited by R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden)
A three-flowered spray has been sent by Mr. Ashworth, together with a fine
example of the type. In the var. Rossendale the blotches on the petals are
suffused into one large chocolate-brown blotch, which occupies fully half
their area, and there is a crimson-brown blotch in front of the crest of the
lip. The ground colour of the flower is of an exceptionally deep yellow,
and it is one of the darkest and most richly-coloured varieties that we have
Seen. Mr. Ashworth remarks that it flowered out of plants imported
about two years ago.—R.A.R.
159 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MAY, 1915.
HE annexed figure represents a plant of a very rare and interesting
C Peruvian Odontoglossum which flowered in the collection of W.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, a few years ago. The species was
originally discovered at the sources of the Maranon River, by Warscewicz,
who sent home dried specimens, which were described by Reichenbach in
ODONTOGLOSSUM PR/ESTANS.
— wads RE — . : ee ee = are
Fig. 14. _ODONTOGLOSSUM PR&STANS.
1854 (Bompl. ii. p. 99). It flowered in the collection of the Rev. J. B.
Norman, Whitchurch Rectory, Edgware, in 1875, when Reichenbach
remarked: ‘It was flowered very long since at Tooting with Messts.
Rollisson, who sent it to Consul Schiller.” The species is allied to
O. gloriosum, but has longer and more acuminate segments. The ground
colour is greenish-yellow, copiously spotted with light cinnamon-brown.-
It is said to grow and flower very freely. The species is very rare in
cultivation at the present time. R.A
May, 1915.] THE ORCHID: REVIEW.
157
S| NEW HYBRIDS. |e}
DONTIODA Feronia (Oda. Bradshawiz X Odm. Edwardii).—Exhibited
at the R.H.S. meeting held on April 13th last by the raisers, Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, to whom we are indebted for
flowers. The plant bore a branching panicle of dark purple flowers, some-
what resembling those of Odontioda Devosiana, but with rather longer
segments.
OpontTiopaA FLaminco (Cochlioda Neetzliana x Odontioda Brad-
ishawize).—Raised in the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton
Park, Reigate, by Mr. Collier, and flowered in March last. The colour is
orange-scarlet, and it shows a considerable return to the Cochlioda parent
in the convex shape of the flower, and in having the stigma somewhat
divided. It was recorded at page 98.
ODONTIODA LUMINOSA (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Rossii).—Am
interesting and brightly-coloured hybrid which was exhibited at the
meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society held on April 1st last, from the
collection of R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch, and received @
First-class Certificate.
Opontiopa NEBULA (Oda. chelseiensis xX Odm. crispum).—A very
promising hybrid, which was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on
March 30th last, by Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough (see
page 121). It has bright rose-purple flowers, most approaching those of
the Odontioda parent in shape.
ONcIDIODA WALTONENSIS (Cochlioda vulcanica X Oncidium incurvum).
—A very interesting hybrid from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq.
Walton Grange, Stone, which received an Award of Appreciation from the
Manchester Orchid Society on February 18th last. It bore a branching
panicle with numerous rose-purple flowers of fairly intermediate shape.
Cympipium GARNET (C. Lowianum xX Parishii Sanderz).—A fine
hybrid, raised in the collection of Sir George L. Holford, KC. V0.
Westonbirt, Tetbury, by Mr. Alexander, and flowered in March last.
The inflorescence sent bears five flowers, most like C. Lowianum in shape,
and having pale yellow segments suffused with light rose, with a zone of
deep crimson round the lip, and a paler margin. The crest is very villous.
CyYMBIDIUM JASPER (Veitchil x Parishii Sanderz).—A charming hybrid
with the same history as the preceding. The inflorescence sent is two-
flowered at present, and the sepals and petals ar
lip is slightly more yellow, with some crimson lin
reddish-buff centre, and a few spots on the very villous crest.
develop into a fine thing.
e ivory-white, while the
es in the throat, a light
It should
158 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, rors,
CYMBIDIUM SEAMEW (I’Ansonii xX Parishii Sanderz).—Another fine
hybrid, raised in the collection of Sir George L. Holford, which also
flowered in March last. The inflorescence sent is arching, and has seven
flowers, most like C. I’Ansonii in shape. The broad sepals and petals are
pale yellow, suffused with rose, and the lip bears a few large crimson-brown
blotches round the margin, and one central line in front of the very villous
keels.
MAXILLARIA ACUTIFOLIA.—A Maxillaria sent to Kew for determination
by Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, proves to be the above distinct and
attractive species, which originally appeared in 1842. It was described.
and figured by Sir William Hooker at t. 3966 of the Botanical Magazine,
from a plant said to have been sent to the Royal Gardens at Kew from
-Central America by Mr. Barclay, their collector, in H.M. Surveying
Ship “Sulphur.” It was said to be allied on the one hand to M.
tenuifolia, Lindl., and on the other to M. picta, Hook. It still remains
rare, but in March, 1896, it was sent to Kew for determination by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, with the remark that it had been in
their houses for some years, and had now flowered for the first time.
Nothing was known of its origin. It has also been sent from the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. The flowers much resemble those of
M. picta, the sepals and petals being deep yellow with some brown
mottling, and the lip white with a few purple lines; the leaves, however,
_are narrower and more elongated, and the pseudobulbs narrower. The
column and anther case are deep purple throughout.—R.A.R.
DENDROBIUM NOBILE PELORIATE.—Last year we figured from the
-collection of F. H. Moore, Esq., Royal Infirmary, Liverpool, a remarkable
form of Dendrobium nobile, showing normal flowers of D. n. Sanderianum
-on one side of the bulb, anda peloriate form like D. n. Cooksonianum on the
other (O.R., xxii. p. 137). A wish was expressed to know what the flowers
were like next year. Mr. Moore now writes: ‘‘ The plant has flowered
again, but normal in character.” The preceding year it showed no
peculiarity, and other plants of the variety were normal, so that. this
remarkable case of bilaterality remains unexplained.
It- may be remembered that Mr. Moore then alluded to some
seedlings raised from D. n. giganteum and one with the purple colour
disposed in stripes and blotches on the back of the sepals and petals.
The first of them is now blooming, and Mr. Moore sends a couple of
flowers, which, as. he remarks, show a large and brilliantly-coloured form,
‘but the abnormal colouring has not been transmitted. It would be
interesting to hear what other seedlings are like.
May, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159
\¢ ORCHID. NOTES AND NEWS. 3
epe next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at
the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on May
11th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock
noon. The afternoon lecture at 3 o’clock will be given by Mr. W. Bateson,
D.Sc., F.R.S., on ‘‘ Inheritance.”
The following meeting is the great Spring Show, to be held at the
Royal Hospital Gardens, Chelsea, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday,
May 18th, roth, and 2oth. Class 1 is devoted to Orchids, and Silver Cups
and Medals will be awarded at. the discretion of the Council. The
Davidson Annual Cup will be awarded in Open Competition for the finest
variety of Cattleya Mendelii. Judging commences at 10 a.m., and the
Orchid Committee will meet in the Central Tent at 10.30 a.m. Plants for
Certificate must be entered before May 13th. The Show will open at 12
noon on the first day, and at 7 a.m. on the following days, and the hour of
closing is 8 p.m. on the first two days, and 6 p.m. on the third day.
The Council desires that all groups should be less crowded, and that
masses of colour be broken up by the use of green foliage. The staging for
Orchids will be nine feet wide, and the front two feet high, and the group
may thence rise to an average of nine feet from the ground. This limit
does not apply to the foliage plants used as a setting.
The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May 13th.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection
from 1 to 4 p.m. The Annual Meeting will be held in the afternoon of the
Same day.
At a meeting of the Horticultural Society of New York, held at the
American Museum of Natural History, on March 17th, unusually fine
displays of cut Orchid blooms were made by Mr. Clement Moore and
Lager & Hurrell. The exhibit made by Mr. Moore was very rich in
Cattleya forms, one of the most interesting being a goss made and reared
by himself from Cattleya Dowiana X C. Schreedere. The display of
Lager & Hurrell was rich in genera and species.
Mr. FRANK READER, who has just completed twenty-five years’ service
as Chief Cashier to the Royal Horticultural Society, has been presented by
the Council with a silver tea service in appreciation of the fact. He has
also received presents from the Treasurer, Secretary, and members of the
160 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1915.
Staff. Mr. Reader has taken a great part in promoting the welfare of the
Society, and his many friends will join us in congratulating him on a well-
deserved recognition.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. THE ANGEL.—Respecting the origin of.
this variety, which was figured at p. 75 of our March issue, Mr. Crawshay
writes: ‘‘ It was sent from the Pacho district by John Carder among some
15,000 others.’’ It is satisfactory to be able to clear up the matter.
LipaRis BICUSPIDATA.—A very distinct and interesting Bornean Liparis
has just flowered in the collection of the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, Ashton
Wold, Oundle. . It proves identical with one that was collected in Dutch
Borneo by A. W. Nieuwenhuis, and was described and figured by J. J-
Smith (Ic. Bogor., ii. p. 45, t. 109, fig. 3). It is allied to L. lacerata, Ridl.,
which was imported from British Borneo at the same time (see O.K.,
xxi. p. 100), but is very different in the details of the lip. In this case there
are two narrow, slightly diverging lobes from a rounded base, hence the
name. The pseudobulbs are ovoid, of a light reddish colour, and bear a
pair of oblong leaves. The raceme is elongate and drooping, with
numerous buff-coloured flowers, becoming more red on the lip. Another
ally is the Javan L. biloba, J. J: Smith. It is interesting to find the
plant in cultivation.—R.A.R.
sence ieee Ree
CYMBIDIUM INSIGNE ALBUM.—A very distinct and curious variety of
Cymbidium insigne was exhibited at the meeting of the Manchester Orchid
Society held on April 1st, by Philip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey,
under the name of C. insigne album, and received an Award of Merit.
The usual rose-purple blotches on the lip have disappeared, being
replaced by indistinct greenish-yellow markings, the rest of the flower
being ivy-white. It appeared among a number of imported plants, in the
collection of W. Bolton, Esq., Warrington.
S| ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
[Orchids are thet and questions answered here as far as “fe api Correspondents aré
requested to give the nati ve country or par eens of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply a should be gener J. Subjects of spectal
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work].
C.A.—Gongora leucochila, Rchb. f.
J.C.—Vanda ccerulescens var. Boxallii, Rchb. f.
M.J.—Orchids do not derive subsistence from the trees on which they grow. The
failure must be due to some other cause.
a hoererh received, with thanks.—W.M.
ived.—H.G.A., -T., W.M.A. (probably os pao ; we will report when
they yee er), F.H.M. (the plant has not flowered yet), D.B.C., A. and B., M.E.H.
record not yet received), W.G., J.C.B., F. and B. The foie are being incorporated.
ay
Pez Che Orebid ‘Review %
A). VoL. XXIII. June, 1915, No. 270. gS
leeiceS OUR NOTE BOOK. Feery]
HE Spring Show of the Royal Horticultural Society is the great event
of the year, and whether held at the Temple or at Chelsea is the
Mecca to which all faithful horticulturists make their annual pilgrimage,.
and in the past it has almost invariably been favoured with brilliant
weather. But the present occasion was a notable exception, for a steady’
downpour of rain on the first day, and for hours preceding the opening,.
reduced the grounds to the condition of a quagmire, and the mud outside
the big tent was something to be remembered. And even inside there were
rivulets and pools to be negotiated, for the rain collected by the roof
descended at places in waterfalls, and such planks as were available were
quickly requisitioned. Such a condition of things naturally made a
difference in the attendance, though it failed to damp the ardour of the
enthusiasts, and the large tent was pretty well filled with visitors. Another
notable difference was the absence of continental exhibits, for not only were
Belgian exhibitors excluded by the war, but Messrs. Sander were totally
unable to draw upon the resources of their Bruges establishment. On the
second and third days, however, the weather made some amends, for it was-
fine, and there was some pleasant sunshine; but it was never hot, and the
conditions were such that everything remained perfectly fresh right up to
the close.
The meeting altogether was held under exceptional conditions, for the
war has produced a shortage of labour in many establishments, and the
railway facilities were in some cases curtailed. But, in spite of the draw-
backs, there was a magnificent show, and the Orchids were quite up to the
usual standard of quality, though not quite as numerous as last year, for the
size of the large tent was somewhat reduced on this occasion. The trade
exhibits were naturally in a majority, but the splendid groups staged by
7. Gurney Fowler, Esq., and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., were of the
highest quality, and figured high in the award list. In all three Gold
161
162 THE ORCHID: REVIEW: [JUNE, 1915
Medals were awarded to Orchid groups, with four Silver-gilt Cups, three
Silver Cups, and one Silver Flora Medal, while a Lindley Medal was
awarded to a remarkable specimen of Coelogyne pandurata.
Orchids have always been one of the leading features of this Show, and
the date was probably a little too early for such an exceptionally late season
—at all events we noticed that Auricules were shown in quantity and in
fine condition.. The date seems to have been creeping back until it has
nearly reached the middle of the month, and we have little doubt that but
for the Whitsuntide holidays the date would have been fixed a week later.
At all events only a week had elapsed since the last ordinary meeting, and
there will be a three weeks’ interval between the Show and the next
meeting. Such a Show entails an enormous amount of preliminary work,
and for various reasons the holiday season is quite unsuitable for such a
function. We note with satisfaction that the great Summer Show will
again fall into its normal month of July.
A full report appears elsewhere, and we will not further anticipate it,
_ though we may find room for the following newspaper cutting obligingly
sent by a friend :-— :
PRICELESS ORCHIDS.
EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS AT CHELSEA.
Many people will doubtless revel in the display of Orchids. Ask to be
shown the Sypropedium Maudii, a very superb specimen of this beautiful
and rare flower. . It is easily possible to give 25 guineas for a small pot of
Orchids, and some of these aristocrats of the flower world are almost
priceless.
It is not overburdened with detail, but it is all that the writer has to say
about Orchids, which is confessedly the subject under discussion. And it
might almost be taken to represent the vanishing hopes of one who had
started out with the idea of forming some little collection in his own back
garden. And that advice about ‘‘Sypropedium Maudii”—-we know what
he is driving at—would have been more appropriate over a dozen years ago,
before the plant had been propagated by the thousand. All unwittingly,
however, our reporter has happened on a plant with a history, and we may
as well oblige with the story.
Once upon a time—it must have been nearly twenty years ago—@
famous collection came into the market, being disposed of through the
medium of a well-known firm. One of the plants acquired bore a label
stating that the seeds of a cross between two well-known albinos had been
JuNE, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163
sown on the compost. These albinos were then not more beautiful than
they are to-day, but they were much rarer, and rarity always counts. At
all events a customer, with an eye to future possibilities, paid a considerably
enhanced price for that particular plant. But Orchid seeds, like some
others, do not always come up when they are expected to, a thing which
happened in this particular case, and the confidence of the purchaser in
Fig. 15. CyPRIPEDIUM MAUDI#.
(Flowers white and green.)
that record had reached such a low ebb that when complaint was made,
and the vendor intimated his willingness to take the plant back at the
Original price, he was glad to close with the offer.
But this does not finish the story, for very soon after the return of the
plant some tiny seedlings began to make their appearance, and they were
naturally watched with a good deal of interest. It soon became apparent
that they were true albinos like their parents, and it now remained to be
proved whether they were hybrids. Some three or four years later the first
of them flowered, and proved to be not only intermediate in character but
also a plant of great beauty, worthy of receiving a First-class Certificate at
Manchester. This point being settled, the flower was kindly forwarded to
us, and some years later the vendor favoured us with the story, adding that
164 THE ORCHID REVIEW [JUNE, 1915.
it was one of the most profitable plants that ever passed through his hands.
More seedlings soon flowered and, incredible as it may appear, this
particular hybrid received no fewer than four more First-class Certificates
in London and Manchester within the next thirteen months. Is it not all
written in the chronicles of the Orchid Review !
We have long recognised that hybrids of unrecorded parentage are
likely to give trouble as regards their nomenclature, and one such case
in our article on the genus Odontioda has brought us three separate
communications. O. Goodsoniz is there given as one parent of three
separate hybrids, although O. Cooksoniz was originally recorded. It is
pointed out that O. Goodsoniz was a plant of unknown origin until the
appearance of O. Cooksonie, with a full record of parentage, when
comparison showed that the two had a similar origin. This we fully
recognise, but O. Goodsoniz had been already recorded and described
when .O. Cooksoniz. appeared, so that it cannot be said that no hybrid |
between Cochlioda Neetzliana and Odontoglossum armainvillierense was
known when O. Cooksoniz was exhibited. The trouble was that although
the hybrid existed its parentage was not known in time to prevent a new
name being given. We are quite satisfied that the identity of the two was
not known until afterwards, but this fact being established we could only
adopt the earlier name.
There have been other cases where the parentage was not given till
afterwards. In an earlier revision of Odontioda we enumerated four names
that had been recorded without parentage (O.R., xix. p. 36), one of which
was O. Lambeauiana, and it quickly brought the information that the
parents were C. Neetzliana and Odontoglossum Lambeauianum. Unfortun-
ately, in the meantime a plant of this parentage had been certificated and
recorded under the name of O. Corneyana, and we had so included it in the
revision mentioned (p. 35). Yet, on the facts being known, we amended
the record, and added (p. 229) ‘‘O. Corneyana becomes a synonym.” It
was at once accepted, and the two cases are exactly parallel. It is, of
course, unfortunate that really new hybrids should appear without record of
parentage, but they do so at times, even in the best regulaled establishments,
and we do not think it necessary to consign them to oblivion when their
history can be afterwards cleared up. The case of names published without
either parentage or description is provided for in the rules, and the two
cases are not quite identical.
Another interesting question-—it is not the only one raised—deserves 4
article to itself (see page 166).
JuNE, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165
=
@™& URING this and the following months 70° Fahr. should be regarded as
the minimum temperature of the Cattleya house, and, with the aid of
sun-heat, the thermometer will often run up several degrees higher. This
will be beneficial to the plants, provided the atmosphere is moist and freely
supplied with fresh air.
WATERING.—Growing Cattleyas and their hybrids need a good dose of
swater at every application, but never allow the compost to become sodden,
or the roots will die off; also, when watering and spraying, be careful not
to allow any water to accumulate at the base of the flower sheaths. A fine
sprayer should always be employed for the syringing of the plants.
Spraying and the maintenance of a damp and buoyant atmosphere,
according to the brightness of the weather, are even more important
factors in the cultivation of Cattleyas than the direct watering, and if any
doubt exists as to whether a plant needs water, delay this until the compost
has become moderately dry. Be particularly careful not to over-water
newly-potted plants, but their immediate surroundings should be kept well
damped, and compost merely sprinkled at intervals until new roots are seen
THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION.
By C. ALWYN HARRISON.
to be pushing.
SHapING.—Cattleyas do not need heavy shading. If the roof glass has
‘been thinly stippled, the blinds need only be lowered from about ten a.m.
to three p.m. If too heavily shaded the result will be seen in the production
-of weak sappy growths. Newly-potted plants, and those which are at rest,
obviously need somewhat shadier quarters, and where no convenience of a
‘second house exists, the best plan is to have the roller blind made in two
strips. In this way, by leaving the blind down longer over one end of the
roof glass, this portion can be kept more heavily shaded than the other.
In this portion, therefore, keep all newly-potted plants and those which are
resting. If Cypripediums are grown in the same house, they must occupy
the shady side, whilst the lighter end should be reserved for those plants
which are maturing their bulbs.
Such Cattleyas as aurea, gigas, Hardyana, and speciosissima are often
not to be found thriving in amateur’s houses. The usual fault is found in
that the plants do not receive sufficient light. To enable these to finish
their growths and to push up their flower spikes a stronger light is needed
than given to the other varieties. I find a shelf quite near the roof glass
an ideal position, giving water to each plant's need and liberal spraying
overhead.
As any species or hybrids finish flowering they may be repotted, if
166 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1915.
requiring it. Generally speaking, the species rest for a few weeks before
emitting fresh roots, and should not be hurried or disturbed until then, but
the hybrids, and especially those of complex parentage, often begin to push
new roots even before the flowers expand, and therefore should be repotted
as soon as the blossoms have faded.
RIF
bad THE MECHANISM OF HEREDITY. S|
REAT issues, scientific and economic, centre round the mechanism of
heredity, or why like produces like, and the explanations that have been
put forward to explain why the various forces involved work out in the
particular way they do are, as a correspondent very well puts it, both
numerous and bewildering. The question is raised by a hybridist, and it
takes the form as to the cause of partial reversion, or the transfer almost
unaltered, after the lapse of a generation, of certain characters from a given
parent to its hybrid offspring. Some phases of the question were discussed
in our last volume, in connection with the remarkable amount of variation
seen in Cattleya Sibyl (pp. 265-269, fig. 31), and we may now attempt t to
carry the question a little further.
In former days the belief was almost universal that species sepicdabd
their own particular characters unaltered from generation to generation. It
was regarded as a law of nature, like the law of gravitation, and this was
probably the chief reason why hybridists and their productions were regarded
with such particular aversion. It was thought to be sheer presumption to
attempt to interfere with the laws of nature in such a way. This, however,
is a digression. Even in those early days a few inquiring minds had begua
to speculate. as to the way in which all the parts of an organism were
reproduced with such marvellous fidelity, though nothing engaged much
attention until the publication of Datwin’s Origin of Species, when that
author wrote: ‘‘ The laws governing inheritance are for the most part
unknown.” But Darwin had been meditating on the question, and some
years later gave to the world his theory of Pangenesis, which we may give
in his own words :— prs
PANGENESIS.—It is a!most universally admitted that cells, or the units
of the body, propagate themselves by cell-division or proliferation, retaining
the same nature, and ultimately becoming converted into the various tissues
and substances of the body. But besides this means of increase I assume
that cells, before their conversion into completely passive or “ formed.
material,” throw off minute gemmules or atoms, which circulate freely
throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167
by self-division, subsequently becoming developed into cells like those from
which they were derived. These gemmules for the sake of distinctness.
may be called cell-gemmules, or, as the cellular theory is not fully
established, simply gemmules. They are supposed to be transmitted from
the parents to the offspring, and are generally developed in the generation
which immediately succeeds, but are often transmitted in a dormant state
during many generations and are then developed. Then development is
supposed to depend on their union with other partially developed cells or
gemmules which precede them in the regular course of growth. F
Gemmules are supposed to be thrown off by every cell or unit, not only
during the adult state, but during all the stages of development. Lastly, I
assume that the gemmules in their dormant state have a mutual affinity for
each other, leading to their aggregation either into buds or into the sexual
elements. Hence, speaking strictly, it is not the reproductive elements,
nor the buds, which generate new organisms, but the cells themselves
throughout the body. These assumptions constitute the provisional
hypothesis which I have called Pangenesis.—Darwin, Animals and Plants:
under Domestication, ll. p. 374-
The collection of formative gemmules from every part of the organism
to form a germ plasm was only put forward as a provisional hypothesis,
and, although highly ingenious, was soon shown to be out of harmony
with the behaviour of reproductive cells, the nucleus of which was shown to-
be derived from the vegetative nucleus by a special process, to be presently
described. At that time, however, so little was known about the organisa-
tion of the reproductive cells that probably no other explanation was-
possible,.and Darwin himself remarked: ‘‘ Pangenesis does not throw much
light on hybridism, but agrees well with most of the ascertained facts.”
It is now known that the nuclei of an organism all owe their origin to-
the nucleus of a previous generation, and that nuclear development takes.
place by a process of indirect division (called karyokinesis). This process,
in its essential features, is alike in all the higher plants and animals, a fact
which shows its antiquity. The nucleus of the vegetative cell consists of a
fine network of fibres, and a definite number of bodies, called
Chromosomes, which go through a series of complex changes, ultimately
resulting in the transverse division of each chromoseme, after which the
separated halves are drawn to the two ends of the original cell, this being
followed by the production of a new cell wall. This continued division of
the nucleus and the production of new cells is the basis of all vegetative
growth. The process is somewhat complicated, but Strasberger remarks-
that it seems necessary in order to effect an equal division of substance.
between the two daughter nuclei.
We now come to the development of the reproductive cells, the essentiab
“168 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JUNE, 1915.
-of which is that cells of two kinds are produced, which agree in having only
half the normal number of chromosomes, and are incapable of developing
further until a process has taken place by which the original number of
chromosomes has been restored. In the simplest forms of water plants the
two kinds of sexual cells are borne separately, and unite by a process of
-conjugation, the male cells being ciliated and reaching the female by
-swimming, when the nuclei of the two cells fuse together, and form the
initial stage of the new organism. From this simple stage they proceed
through a process of ever-increasing complexity to the production. of pollen
-and ovules, culminating in such floral complexities as are seen in the most
highly specialised Orchids. Through all multitudinous ramifications there
‘is a purpose. They are adaptations which have been brought about under
changing conditions by means of the evolutionary process, which has
-secured the survival of beneficent variations. And they are largely
connected with the habits of their insect guests.
But whatever the complexity by which the union of the sexual, cells is
-brought about, the subsequent process is identical, and the two conjugating
‘nuclei each bear their own half of the hereditary qualities. This is well
-seen in the case of hybrids, where nuclei from two parents bearing a
number of distinct characters combine to form a complete blend, whereby
what is termed an intermediate hybrid‘is produced. When the hereditary
-qualities of the two cells are alike, as in the case of normal fertilisation by
pollen from the same species, this character of the union is not obvious, and
-all that is seen is the stimulus which the act of fertilisation gives to the
-development of. a new individual. It nevertheless -carries with it 4
multitudinous series of events that can best be imagined from the remark-
-able behaviour of a batch of secondary hybrids such as those with which we
-are already familiar. The case of Cattleya Sibyl has already been
mentioned, and several striking examples in the genus, Odontioda and
-others have been described. Little as is certainly known about the process
this much may be said, that they are controlled by the ramifications of the
nucleus in the germ plasm.
This is only the briefest possible summary of the processes sivolueds
-and it shows that the characters of the each sexually-formed individual are
derived from a mixture of two individually distinct germ plasms in the act
-of fertilisation. It also shows where Darwin’s highly ingenious hypothesis
of Pangenesis fails, but it does not exclude the idea of the existence of
formative gemmules developed in another way. Nor yet does it follow that
‘the two germ plasms which unite are themselves immune from all external
influences. It is certain that there is a progressive development of new
characters, otherwise evolution would not be possible. But this and the
-question of reversion must be left for a future article.
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169
Eee | HYBRID DISAS. Zoe |
HE appearance of the handsome Disa Blackii, for which Messrs. Flory
& Black received an Award of Merit at the Chelsea Show (see p. 133)
calls attention to a very beautiful group of hybrids which have become rare
Fig. 16. DisA PREMIER. 17. D. GRANDIFLORA. 18. D. KEWENSIS.
Fig. 19. D.LANGLEYENSIS. 20. D. VEITCHII. 21. D. TRIPETALOIDES.
in gardens, four of which are shown in the annexed illustration, with two
of the original parents, the third parent, Disa rosea, having brilliant rose-
purple flowers, was not available.
D. Veircum (fig. 20), raised in the establishment of Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, by Mr. Seden, was the earliest of the series, and received
170 - THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Jung, 1915¢
a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in June, 1891, on its flowering for
the first time, this event occuring within twenty-one months after the seed
was sown. It was derived from D. racemosa X grandiflora, and most
resembles the seed parent, both in shape and colour, though the flowers are
more than twice as large. It was afterwards also raised by Messrs. Back-
house & Sons, of York. esa
D. KEWENSIS (fig. 18) was raised at Kew by Mr. Watson, and flowered
for the first time in May, 1893, only eighteen months. after the seed was
sown, and thus established a record for quickness of flowering. It was
obtained by crossing D. grandiflora with the pollen of D. tripetaloides, and
most resembles the latter in shape, but the flowers are over twice as large,
and the colour rose-pink, with a paler dorsal sepal, bearing numerous
darker spots inside.
D. LANGLEYENSIS (fig. 19) was raised independently both by Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons and at Kew, flowering in both establishments in May,
1894. It was shown by Messrs. Veitch, and received an Award of Merit
from the R.H.S. It was raised both from D. racemosa crossed with the
pollen of D. tripetaloides and from the reverse cross, and most t resembles
the former in shape and colour.
D. PREMIER (fig. 16) was raised at ewe. flowering for the first time in
October, 1893, when it received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S.
It was the earliest secondary hybrid, and was obtained by crossing D.
tripetaloides with the pollen of D. Veitchii. It has flowers of fairly
intermediate shape, but most like the latter in colour.
D. DioreEs, the result of recrossing D. Veitchii with the pollen of
D. grandiflora, was raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and flowered
in July, 1894, when we were favoured with the first flower, and its history
was given at page 239 of our second volume. It was most like D.
grandiflora in general character, but paler 1 in colour, and we learnt after-
wards that it had a weak constitution and was soon lost. D. Clio, obtained
in the same establishment from the reverse cross, flowered in August, 1898,
and received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. (O.R., vi. p. 287).
D. WarTSONI was raised at Kew from D. kewensis recrossed with D.
grandiflora, and has flowers nearly twice as large as in the first parent,
which it otherwise most resembles. In fact it was at first named D-
kewensis superba (Gard. Chron., 1900, i. p. 54), but afterwards D. Watsoni
(O.R., viii. p. 247).
D. Luna (racemosa X Veitchii) was also raised by Messrs.. Veitch, and
flowered in May, 1902, receiving an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. It is
most like D. Veitchii in general character, and seems to have the best
constitution of the series. It was shown in quantity at the last Holland
House Show by Messrs. Flory & Black (see p. 244 of our last volume).
June, 1915.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. “70
D. ELwest was raised in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq.,
Colesborne, Glos., it is believed from D. kewensis xX Veitchii, and was
described at p. 219 of our eleventh volume. It is most like D. kewensis,
but shows a considerable improvement on that parent.
D. Bracxn (Luna X grandiflora) is the last of the series, y and its history
will be found at p. 185.
The two species shown in our illustration are D. grandiflora (fig. 17)
and D. tripetaloides (fig. 21), the latter a pretty little plant having white
flowers dotted with pink on the dorsal sepal, which we have not seen alive
for several years. Many of the hybrids are also excessively rare if not
quite lost, probably because they require somewhat’ special treatment.
They may exist somewhere, in which case we should like to hear of them,
for their beauty cannot be called in question.
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE.
By W. H. WHITE, for many years ware Grower to the
late Sir’ Trevor Lawrence, Bart.7 K.C.V.O.:
OW that so many Orchids are in flower, it is advisable to caution both
owners and growers against the too frequent practice of allowing the
spikes to remain on the plants too long a time, also of allowing small
weakly plants to over-flower themselves. Those who have been interested
in Orchid culture, even for a short time, will have noticed how prone some
of the plants are to flower after they have got into such a debilitated state
that they have neither strength nor stamina left to push either new growths
or roots. Such plants should have their flower spikes removed immediately
they appear. As regards freshly-imported specimens that are not properly
established, particularly the smaller plants, also young seedlings that are
about to flower for the first time, the grower will naturally be anxious to
see the blooms, hoping that something especially good will appear. In
such cases it is advisable to leave just one or two flowers to determine the
variety, and when this is known tocut the spike immediately, and then give
the plants a rest, afterwards gradually starting them into growth, the sole
object being to get them thoroughly established, and the smaller pieces
strong enough to bear, without distress, large spikes of flowers of good
size and substance. In the case of large healthy imported specimens, it
undoubtedly conduces to the future health of the plant if the spikes are not
allowed to remain until shrivelling of the bulbs takes place.
Well-grown plants of Odontoglossum crispum, with its numerous
varieties, also O. Pescatorei and many hybrids, frequently send up large
spikes of bloom, but on no account should spikes be allowed to remain on
a72 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [June, 1915.
/
‘too long, or the plant may be permanently injured. These remarks are
especially applicable to such Oncidiums as O. varicosum, Marshallianum,
Forbesii, crispum, curtum, the warm-growing O. ampliatum, stelligerum,
and many others, which often produce very large, many-branched spikes of
bloom. It may not be out of place here to mention that undoubtedly many
‘thousands of these plants have been irretrievably ruined through over-
‘flowering. It should be remembered that Orchids in glass-houses are
grown under artificial and unnatural conditions, and are therefore quite
unable to bear the strain of flowering as they do in their native habitats.
Plants of Cattleyas and Lelias that are not well rooted suffer consider-
ably if allowed to carry their flowers too long, but perhaps no class of
Orchids loses so much in appearance by over-flowering as Aérides, Vanda,
‘Saccolabium, Angrzecum, Renanthera, &c. When such plants have lost a
number of their lower leaves from this cause, it is necessary not only to
take their flower spikes out immediately they appear, for one or two
-seasons, but also to give them, the whole year round, more generous
treatment, which should mean less exposure to sunlight, less air, and more
atmospheric moisture. Many Orchids are also injured when in flower by
‘removing them from their proper temperatures to a dry and draughty
greenhouse, frequently termed the Orchid flowering house. Young growers
should always bear in mind that vigorous growth in every plant is the thing
to accomplish. Carefully avoid over-flowering, which is undoubtedly
antagonistic to the future welfare of the plants, and many rare and valuable
plants can be saved either by removing the flower spikes immediately they
show, by thinning the buds out, or by cutting the spikes as soon as the
flowers are open. These flower spikes, if stood in a Cool, or Intermediate
house, with their stems in water, will, in most cases, retain their beauty for
any reasonable length of time.
WARM-GROWING CYPRIPEDIUMS.—In the East Indian house many of
the Cypripediums have recently been in bloom, and as soon as they have
recovered from the effects of flowering, and new growths are pushing up, let
each plant be examined to see if additional pot-room is necessary. None of
these plants should be left for long in a pot-bound condition, and now is 4
good time to repot them. Fill the pots to about one-third full of crocks,
and use a compost of good fibrous yellow loam, osmunda fibre—cut up
rather finely, so that it may be better incorporated with the loam than when
used in a rough, coarse state—and chopped sphagnum moss in equal
proportions, adding small crocks in sufficient quantity to keep the soil
porous. Mix these materials well together, and pot each plant with
moderate firmness. For a few weeks after repotting keep the surface of
the compost just moist, but when the plants are re-established afford
abundance of water, and at all times keep the plants on the shady side of ©
JUNE, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173
the house. During the growing season, whenever the weather is bright
and warm, these Cypripediums delight in having their foliage gently
sprayed over with clear, tepid soft water, but care should be taken with
regard to such species as C. Stonei, Rothschildianum, Parishii, przestans,
and others of that section, that no water lodges or remains low down in
the centre of the growths or axils of the leaves, as they are very liable to:
decay from this cause.
TuuntAs.—Of plants now in bloom may be mentioned the Thunias,.
which are very attractive, the fresh green foliage setting off the fine arching:
flower spikes to excellent advantage. The following species and hybrids:
are well worth adding to any collection, and are always valuable for
exhibition purposes: T. Marshallii, T. Bensonie, T. candidissima (pure
white), T. Veitchii, and T. Brymeriana. As these plants pass out of flower
they should be removed to a cool, airy house, where they may receive
uninterrupted sunlight. They will finish up and consolidate their growths-
in an early Vinery or Peach house; where the fruit is colouring, provided
the foliage overhead is not too dense. The plants should still be well
watered each time the soil becomes dry, and so long as the leaves remain
green, but when they commence to change colour the supply should be
gradually withheld. Any plants that have missed flowering, and their
stems are growing to an unreasonable length, should have the points of the
shoots pulled out, and the plants subjected to the same treatment as those
that have bloomed.
Thunias may be readily propagated during this month by taking off the
old back stems nearly down to their base, cutting them off at the joints into’
lengths of about four to six inches, and inserting them firmly as cuttings-
into small, well-drained pots, using a mixture of chopped sphagnum and
coarse silver sand. When the new shoots begin to push out grow them
along as quickly as possible in strong heat.. When subjected to a very dry
atmosphere during their resting season the leaves of Thunias frequently
become infested with red spider, but it is easily kept in check by occasion-
ally laying the plants down on their sides, and syringing them with a hot
solution of soft soap and water, adding a little of the XL All insecticide,
and allowing it to dry on. Afterwards give them a good hard syringing:
with clean rain water.
DENDROBIUMS.—Many of the divided pieces of Dendrobiums that were
potted in the spring into small pots have their growths now well advanced,
and these from their base are making large numbers of new roots. If any of
these plants have filled their pots with roots, now is a good time to repot
them. Do not disturb the roots or compost more than is unavoidable, but
carefully turn them out of their pots, place them into larger ones, and fill
the space around the ball with chopped osmunda fibre. After repotting,
174 THE ORCHID REVIEW. : [JUNE, 1915.
the plants should not be allowed to become too dry at the root, or the
young growths may receive a check and finish up prematurely, and then
recommence to grow when they should be at rest. Dendrobiums whose
flowers were fertilised in the early part of the year are fast swelling their
seed capsules, and should, therefore, be well elevated up to the roof glass.
The capsules should be tied upright to neat sticks, so that each part of the
pod may obtain its full share of the light.
DeEcibuous CaLanTHES.—Plants of the different varieties of Calanthe
vestita and those of the C. Veitchii section are now growing vigorously, and
the well-rooted plants need to be plentifully supplied with water, but to
those that are not yet well established, water must still be afforded with
care. Where a quantity of these plants is cultivated, it isa good practice
to look over them occasionally and select all those that have filled their pots
with roots, that they may be placed together and treated to alternate
waterings of liquid cow manure. Previous to using this liquid it should be
strained through a very fine sieve, or piece of muslin, as if used in a coarse
state the surface of the soil soon becomes so clogged that it is difficult to
ascertain whether the plants are wet or dry. Do not apply the stimulant
too strong at first, about one gallon to three gallons of water will be
sufficient for the first three or four waterings, but afterwards it may be
given in equal proportions. Keep the plants as near to the roof glass as is
convenient. in order to obtain stout bulbs and strong flower spikes. The
old back bulbs of these Calanthes, which were placed in sphagnum moss
when the growing plants were repotted, should now have their new growths
sufficiently well advanced to be attended to. Place them in small pots, and
use the same kind of compost.as advised in a former_Calendar for,the older
examples. Young Calanthe seedlings that are making their first growth
should be carefully and lightly sprayed over whenever the soil appears to be
in the least dry.
EVERGREEN CALANTHES and Puarus.—Such evergreen Calanthes as
C. veratrifolia, Masuca, Dominii, &c., also the closely allied Phaius
P. Wallichii, Blumei, grandifolius, Cooperi, &c., with the distinct hybrids
P. Cooksonii, Norman, Chapmanii, Marthz, Ashworthianus, Phaiocalanthe
Colmaniz and Arnoldie may be repotted as growth commences. All these
evergreen Calanthes and Phaius being free, strong rooting plants, require
large pots, and these should be about one-third filled with crocks, over
which a thin turfy loam should be placed. The compost should consist of
fibrous yellow loam and chopped osmunda fibre in equal parts, adding
moderate quantities of leaf soil, coarse silver sand, and broken crocks. Pot
each plant with moderate firmness, but not so hard as to prevent water
passing freely through the compost, allowing about 4 inch of space below
the rim of each pot to permit of efficient watering. These plants grow
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175
fairly well in the Intermediate house, but if a moist corner of the Cattleya
house could be spared the few extra degrees of heat would be beneficial to
them. In either division the plants should be kept well shaded from all
strong sunshine, and in a position where they may obtain a moderate
amount of fresh air daily.
The distinct P. simulans is a warm-growing plant, and needs a moist
‘shady corner of the hottest house. It is a plant that appears to attract
small yellow thrips. These tiny insects frequently obtain a foothold low
down in the young growths before the grower is aware of their presence in
the house. It is therefore necessary that immediately the new growths
commence to unfold their leaves they should be closely examined daily, and
should any make their appearance the vaporiser should be employed for
their destruction, or the growths may be periodically immersed in some
safe insecticide. Owing to the rambling habit of this species it is some-
what difficult to make it conform to pot treatment. A long, narrow
teakwood basket is quite suitable, and should have a few large pieces. of
‘crock placed over’ the bottom so as to prevent the: soil from passing
through. Over the drainage place.a thin layer of sphagnum moss, and pot
the plant firmly in some coarse osmunda fibre, filling up closely and firmly
to the rhizome with fresh growing heads of sphagnum moss. Keep the
surface of the compost moist at all times, and a slight dewing overhead
whenever the weather is warm will conduce to strong flowering growths,
and also check the attacks of insect pests.
Cympipiums.—Such species as C. eburneum, C. insigne, C. Tracyanum,
-C. grandiflorum, Lowianum, and var. concolor, also the distinct hybrids
C. Doris, eburneo-Lowianum, Ballianum, Colmaniz, Alexanderi, Pauwelsil,
Schlegelii, Gottianum, &c., should be included in every collection, the
plants being particularly suitable for exhibition purposes, also for indoor
decoration, and the flowers lasting a long time after being cut. At the
present time the majority have passed their flowering stage, and if a plant
requires more rooting space it may safely be repotted, but it is not advis-
able to disturb them by repotting oftener than is really necessary. The
old and well-known C. Lowianum generally flowers best when in a pot-
-bound condition. | When repotting the plants, afford them sufficient space
for several season’s growth. ;
Cymbidiums, being strong deeply-rooting plants, should be grown in
rather large pots. These should be about one quarter full of drainage
materials, and for the compost use good fibrous turfy yellow loam, and
osmunda fibre chopped up rather small in equal parts, with a little chopped
sphagnum moss, a good sprinkling of small crocks, and coarse silver sand.
Mix the whole together thoroughly. If the loam. be of inferior quality
a moderate quantity of leaf soil added would be beneficial. In repotting,
176 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1915
press the compost down with moderate firmness and leave sufficient space
below the rim of the pot to contain a quantity of water, for the plants will
require abundant supplies after they have become thoroughly well rooted.
Place them in a cool, shady position in the Intermediate house, and until
new roots become plentiful afford water to each plant with great care. If
large quantities of water be given before the plants become properly
established in the new compost, the old roots will be sure to decay
prematurely, the new growths become weakly and damp off, and the young
foliage become spotted. Keep their surroundings moderately moist at all
times. This may be done by damping well between the pots several times
daily.
Other Cymbidiums that are not so well known as those previously
mentioned, and which will grow under similar conditions are C. longifolium,
ensifolium, aloifolium, chloranthum, pendulum, madidum, ‘and many
others. . C. (Cyperorchis) affine, and C. elegans may also be included.
C. Devonianum is quite a distinct species, especially as regards its flower
spikes, which are pendulous, and, being of dwarf habit, the plant should be
elevated well up to the roof glass. C. tigrinum is also a dwarf-growing
species. It prefers the Cool house in summer, but in winter should be
removed to the Intermediate division.
Coot House.—lIn this house many plants are in flower at present,
including the useful Odontoglossum crispum, and its numerous varieties
and hybrids; also many Odontiodas, Cochliodas, Oncidiodas, &c., &e.
For the present it is advisable not to damp down too frequently or too
heavily, as the flowers would be liable to become spotted and useless. . A
moderate damping at early morning, when the weather is fine, and in the
evening will be sufficient, leaving the ventilators open both at top and
bottom. When the flower spikes have been removed the plants will not
require nearly so much water at the roots, but while at rest the pseudo-
bulbs should not be allowed to shrivel unduly for want of water, although
a slight shrinkage will do them no harm.
Opurys KELLERI.—A new hybrid Ophrys is described and figured by
Col. M. J. Godfrey in the May issue of the Journal of Botany (p. 121, t- 538).
It was found on March 24th, 1914, among a small colony of Ophrys arach-
nitiformis on a thinly wooded hillside of the Mont des Oiseaux, at Hyeres-
It is suggested as a hybrid between this species and O. atrata, as it possesses
intermediate characters, and the latter is frequent in the neighbourhood.
It is named in honour of Dr. G. Keller, of Aarau, Switzerland, who 15
preparing an illustrated work on the Orchids of Europe. The plate also
contains > figure of O. olbiensis, Camus, a hybrid between O. bombylifiora
and O. Scolopax.
THE ORCHID REVIEW. 177
Jung, 1915.]
REG) ANGULOA CLOWESII. Loli
SHO) em |
HOUGH not the original species of the genus, Anguloa Clowesii was
the first to flower in cultivation, and is still the most attractive, on
Fig. 22. ANGULOA CLOWESII.
account of its clear bright yellow flowers, which recall those of a lar3e tulip,
hence it is sometimes known as the Tulip Orchid. It was originally
introduced from the province of Merida by M. J. Linden, and flowere? ‘n
178 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (June, rors.!
the collection of the Rev. John Clowes, Broughton Hall, Manchester, in |
March, 1844, when it was described and figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg., xxx. |
p. 66, t. 63). It succeeds well under Cool treatment, in a compost of turfy
loam and peat, in well-drained pots, in fact under pretty much tlie treat-
ment given to Lycaste Skinneri. The flowers come up with the young
growths. It isa good exhibition plant, and several plants of it were shown
at the recent Chelsea Show. The one here figured was grown at Kew. _
[ees | BPOCTITETLES. Fee]
RoyaL HorTICULTURAL.
HE meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square,
Westminster, on May 11th, falling, as it did, only a week before the
great Spring Show at Chelsea, was rather a small one so far as Orchids
were concerned, and only a single medal was awarded, together with a
Cultural Commendation and two Awards of Merit.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon.
sec.), R. Brooman White, A. Dye, G. Hunter, J. Cypher, J. E. Shill,
T. Armstrong, H. G. Alexander, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli,
W. Cobb, F. M. Ogilvie, and J. Wilson Potter.,
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged
a fine group of Orchids, containing Anguloa Clowesii, Renanthera
Imschootiana, Bifrenaria Harrisonie, Zygopetalum Cecil-Rhodes, Oncidium
superbiens and insculptum, Ccelogyne corrugata and two examples of
C€. Dayana, Cypripedium glaucophyllum, Cymbidium Sappho (Lowianum
x I’Ansonii), examples of Odontoglossum crispum and Pescatorei, a richly-
coloured O. harvengtense (triumphans X crispum var. Abner Hassall),
Odontioda Goodsoniz, and some good Cattleyas and Miltonias.
Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper (gr. Mr. Salter), sent Cattleya
Mossiz Harlequin, having the flowers curiously flecked with purple.
Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr- Mr.
Hudson), sent a form of Cattleya Dusseldorfii Undine, in which the front
lobe of the lip was particularly well developed.
Rk. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent a good plant of Odontoglossum Meredithiz (Rossii X venustulum),
bearing a spike of four rosy-pink flowers, the sepals being well-blotched
with chocolate-brown, and the crest of the lip yellow.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
L#LIOCATTLEYA ANACONDA (L.-c. Pallas x C. Dowiana Rosita).—A
Soee 612) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 179
very fine-hybrid, bearing. two racemes and six flowers, the sepals and petals
deep golden-yellow, the latter suffused and veined with rose, the front of
the lip deep claret-red, and the tube buff with some darker lines. Exhibited
by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill).
L#LIOCATTLEYA FASCINATOR-MOSSL& VAR. IMOGENE (L.-c. Fascinator
alba X C. Mossiz Reineckeana).—A beautiful white form, having the front
lobe of the lip suffused with purple and margined with white, and the throat
deep yellow. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough.
CULTURAL COMMENDATION.
L#LIOCATTLEYA ANACONDA.—To Mr. J. E. Shill, grower to Baron
Bruno Schréder, for excellent culture of the plant mentioned above.
THE CHELSEA SHOW.
THE Great Spring Show was held in the grounds of the Royal Hospital,
Chelsea, on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, May 18th, rgth and 2oth,
and produced a magnificent display of Orchids. The plants occupied the
stages at the two ends of the large tent, and were arranged in undulating
banks and dells, producing a very charming effect. The general quality
of the exhibits was excellent, and the number of brilliantly-coloured
Odontiodas indicates the rapid progress that is being made in developing
this remarkable race of garden Orchids. Novelties, however, were less
numerous than usual. The Orchid Committee awards consisted of three
First-class Certificates and nine Awards of Merit, while a Lindley Medal
‘was awarded to an exceptionally well grown species of Coelogyne pandurata
staged by. Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. Other Orchid awards included
three Gold Medals and eight Cups.
Orchid Committee present’: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Thompson,
R. A. Rolfe, Clive Cookson, Walter Cobb, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong,
W. P. Bound, Stuart H. Low, W. Bolton, R. Brooman-White, A. Dye,
S. W. Flory, H. J. Chapman, Pantia Ralli, W. H. White, F. M. Ogilvie,
H. G. Alexander, F. Sander, and Gurney Wilson.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
staged a large and effectively arranged group of well-grown plants, to
which a Gold Medal was awarded. At the back was a fine mass of
Ccelogyne Dayana, bearing numerous graceful spikes, while on each side
were two masses of the pendulous Cattleya citrina, the many bright-yellow
flowers showing up well against the glaucous green foliage. The front was
made up of an undulating arrangement of well-grown Orchids, in which we
noticed numerous brilliant Leliocattleyas, forms of Cattleya Mossie and
Mendelii, several Phaius bicolor, Brassocattleya Veitchii splendens,
Ccelogyne pandurata, a lot of Miltonia vexillaria, with three good forms of
180 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1915.
M. Charlesworthii, M. Bleuana, and a few M. Roezlii, Cymbidium tigrinum,
Eulophia scripta, the richly-coloured Sophrocatlelia Hon. Mrs. Barbara
Wilson, a few Cypripedium niveum, and numerous others. Among the
numerous Odontoglossums we noted a fine example of the striking O.
crispum Solum, the chaste O.c. virginale and various blotched forms, and a
good O. illustrissimum, while Odontioda was represented by a richly
coloured O. Madeline, O. Coronation Fowler’s var., O. Charlesworthii, and
Fig. 23. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM SOLUM.
a number of other brilliantly-coloured forms. The group was\very effectively
arranged with moss and Maidenhair Ferns, and was much admired.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
staged a very handsome group, to which a Silver-gilt Cup was awarded.
Striking features in the group were the number of scarlet Odontioda
Bradshawie, and a lot of well-grown botanical Orchids, which were set UP
on a bank of moss at the front so as to bring them well up tothe eye. At
the back was a fine lot of Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, bearing 4
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 181
profusion of long graceful spikes, various Cymbidiums, a finely grown
Ccelogyne Dayana with many pendulous spikes, and others, these being
supported by numerous well-grown Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Odonto- *
glossums, Odontiodas, and others. We noted some good Cypripedium
Lawrenceanum and C. callosum Sander, Cattleya Skinneri Temple’s var.,
a particularly large and richly-coloured form, many good Odontoglossum
crispum, white and blotched, the rich yellow Phaius Ashworthianus, the
striking Zygopetalum rostratum, Cymbidium Lowianum concolor,
Celogyne Lawrenceana, Sophrocatlelia Marathon, Maxillaria Sanderiana,
the brilliant orange-red Dendrobium arachnites with many flowers, a well-
flowered example of the violet-blue D. Victoria-Regina, Saccolabium
ampullaceum, Masdevallia marginella, Houtteana, caudata, tricheta,
xipheres, ephippium, Ajax, Courtauldiana, and a profusely-flowered M.
O’Brieniana, Lycaste cruenta, Stelis. parvula covered with bloom,
‘Cirrhapetalum robustum, Octomeria diaphana, Saccolabium gemmatum,
Physosiphon. Loddigesii, and a renfarkable Bulbophyllum with. a long
reddish spike having the flowers concealed under five rows of bracts
{B. pentastichum, Rolfe). The numerous hybrids were for the most part
raised in the collection, and the whole group showed excellent culture and
very tasteful arrangement.
F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent a
plant of the handsome Odontoglossum Harwoodii Shrubbery var., and O.
Black-Michael, a very fine hybrid, having very broad segments, heavily
zoned with blackish purple on a white ground.
G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham, sent a good plant of
the handsome»Odontioda Gladys:
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a particularly
fine group of well-grown plants, to which a Gold Médal was awarded.
‘The centre consisted of a number of Oncidium Marshallianum in a setting
of Miltonia vexillaria, a very pleasing combination, while on either side were
two depressions containing some showy Cattleyas, Odontiodas and
Odontoglossums, backed by Oncidium phymatochilum with a profusion of
its graceful flowers, Coelogyne Dayana, Cymbidiums, Epidendrums, &c.,
the ends being formed of showy Lzeliocattleyas, Cattleyas and other things,
many of them raised in the establishment. The Odontoglossums were
excellent, and included some beautiful home-raised O. crispum, O. c.
xanthotes with two fine racemes, O. c. citrinum, a particularly fine thing
with a cluster of deep yellow blotches on the sepals and lip, O. Pescatorej
virginale, O. hastilabium, O. cordatum aureum, Odontioda Brewii, and fine
forms of O. Bradshawiz and others. We noted also a very fine Brasso-
catlelia Veitchii, the rare Schomburgkia Wallisii with a fine spike, some
good Cattleya Skinneri, C. Schilleriana illuminata, a richly coloured form,
182 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1915.
C. Dusseldorfii Undine, Leliocattleya Fascinator-Mossiz and many others,
Lelia purpurata Lewisii, white with a few dark lines in the throat,
Masdevallia Pourbaixii and M. Shuttryana Chamberlainii, Restrepia
guttulata, Cypripedium Mastersianum, Ccelogyne ‘tamentosa, Phalzenopsis
Lueddemanniana, Zygopetalum Charlesworthii, a handsome form of
Miltonia Charlesworthii, and others, the whole group showing excellent
culture and effective arrangement. :
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a large and very rich group,
which also gained a Gold Medal. It was banked up in'the centre with the
scarlet Renanthera Imschootiana, Odontoglossums, Cymbidium insigne and
Pauwelsii, Epidendrum O’Brienianum, and a lot of Dendrobium thyrsi-
florum, while on either side were many of the bright purple Leeliocattleya
‘Hyeana, showy Cattleyas and Brassocattleyas, some good Oncidium
pulchellum, Odontiodas, and some home-raised Miltonia vexillaria, the vat.
William Thompson being one of the largest and most richly-coloured forms
yet seen. In front were a row of Trichopilia Backhouseana and a number
of interesting botanical Orchids. Among good things noted were a plant
of Lycaste gigantea with seven flowers;“the deep green L. Locusta,
Odontoglossum Goodsonii and other fine hybrids, Dendrobium cariniferum
and senile, Warscewiczilla discolor, Zygopetalum Perrenoudii, Lycaste
Deppei, the fine Maxillaria Fletcheriana, Miltonia vexillaria G. D. Owen,
Angrecum Leonis, Ccelogyne Parishii, integerrima, and a pretty form
nearly allied to C. Sandere, Promenza xanthina, Luisia amesiana, Ione
siamensis, and numerous other showy and botanical things, which we have
not space to enumerate. :
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown staged a large and excellent group, to which
a Silver-gilt Cup was awarded. The centre consisted of numerous Lelio-
cattleyas and Brassocattleyas, with spikes of Odontoglossum Royal-Purple
‘above, while ‘the two end elevations consisted largely of Odontoglossums,
with numerous scarlet Odontiodas at the two corners. In front were many
“seedling Odontoglossums of great promise. Interesting: plants noted —
examples of Cattleya Gratrixie alba (Mendelli alba x Mossiz Wagener),
C. O’Brieniana alba, C. Skinneri alba, C. Mendelii Michael, white with the
front of the lip rich purple, Lelia purpurata Lewisii, white with slight
purple lines in the throat, fine forms of Lzliocattleya Aphrodite, Fascinator
and George Woodhams, batches of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum
and C. callosum Sanderz, Odontoglossum crispum Lusitania, O. Epicastar
Miltonia Hyeana and some good M. vexillaria, the pretty little Odontioda
‘Aspasia (Odm. Vuylstekei X C. sanguinea), O. wickhamiensis, brilliant
forms of O. Bradshawiz and Charlesworthii, &c., while in front was a TOW
of the pretty little Dendrobium crepidatum. The group was tastefully set
up with’ferns:and light foliage plants.
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 183.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a particularly
effective group to which a Silver-gilt Cup was awarded. Its particular
feature was a crescent-shaped depression, the mossy banks. being planted
with Cypripedium niveum and bellatulum and several forms of Ancectochili.
This was backed up by an irregular bank of showy Orchids in which the
leading plants were staged so as to show up their special features, the whole
arrangement being very effective. We noted some good forms of Lelio-
cattleya Ballii, L.-c. callistoglossa magnifica with five superb flowers,
L.-c. Fernand-Denis, the richly-coloured L.-c. Fascinator Langley var. with
seven beautiful flowers, L.-c. Teucra var. Mrs. Mary Stokes (L.-c.
Martinetii x C. Mossize), with, carmine-rose. flowers of great beauty, a
beautiful L.-c.. Schroedere, Brassocattleya Veitchii, B.-c. Thorntonii
Euphemia, with two large white flowers of excellent shape, Odontoglossum.
crispum Ethel and Joan, two prettily-blotched forms, O. Cooksoniz var.
Ruby (percultum Xx armainvillierense), a good O. Wilckeanum, a very fine
Brassocatlelia Veitchii, and other good things.
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, also received a Silver-gilt Cup
for a.very rich group, in which scarlet Odontiodas were staged with fine
effect. In the centre was a well-flowered Odontocidium Edwardatum,
supported on each side by the fine Oncidium McBeanianum, O. Marshall-
ianum, and several good Cymbidiums, and these again by many excellent
Odontoglossums, Cattleya Mossie and Mendelii, and Leliocattleya
Aphrodite, with several good Miltonia St.-Andre in front. We noted a
good plant of Anguloa Clowesii, Oncidium Gardneri and pulchellum-
Odontoglossum apterum candidulum, O. crispum xanthotes, a very fine
O. amabile, O. Hyeanum, O. eximium Beaute-Celeste, a fine white, with a
zone of large brown blotches on the segments, O. crispum Matterhorn,
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, C. Mendelii striata, C. Dusseldorfii Undine,
and other good things.
Messrs. ‘Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a very effective
group, to which a Large Silver Cup was given. The centre consisted of a
cluster of Oncidium Marshallianum, with Dendrobium thyrsiflorum and
Phalznopsis amabilis on each ‘side, two fine plants of Arpophyllum
giganteum with numerous spikes of rosy flowers, some good Cattleyas,
Miltonia vexillaria and Odontoglossums in front, while at the ends were:
masses of scarlet Renanthera Imschootiana. Among interesting things
noted were the rare Vanda Charlesworthii, several V. coerulescens, some
good Cattleya Mendelii, the var. Princess Mary having fourteen charming
blush pink flowers, C. Dusseldorfii Undine, C. intermedia ccerulea,
Brassolelia Jessopii, Lycaste Deppei, Cymbidium Schreederi and
Devonianum, several Dendrobium Brymerianum, Lycaste gigantea,
Oncidium.Gardneri and Kramerianum, some-fine Laliocattleyas, a number
“184 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JUNE; 1915,
-of Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, and a very charming form of Sophro-
cattleya Thwaitesii, having light scarlet sepals and petals, a-dark yellow
‘tube to the lip, and a deep rosy-crimson front lobe.
Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a very elegant
-§roup on the ground level at the end of the tent. Across the centre ran a
low arch, surmounted by a feathery palm, while from the sides depended
‘the graceful spikes of Phalzenopsis amabilis, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum,
Oncidium Marshallianum, and other Orchids. The corners of the group
were somewhat elevated, while the intervening: space in front and behind
“was filled with an undulating series of Orchids and graceful foliage in a
very artistic arrangement. We noted Dendrobium Wardianum and
_Jamesianum, a brilliant lot of Lzliocattleya Hyeana and Renanthera
-Imschootiana, Cattleya Mossi, Mendelii and Schroeder, Coelogyne
pandurata, Bletia Shepherdii, Masdevallia Veitchiana and Houtteana,
‘Calanthe veratrifolia, Vanda tricolor, Miltonia vexillaria, Odontioda
-Lambeauiana, and others, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, Epidendrum
Boundii x xanthinum, with some fine Odontoglossum Pescatorei, crispum,
and other species, in well-grown examples. A Silver Cup was awarded to
this artistic group.
Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, East Yorks., staged a rich and
varied group, to which a Standard Cup was awarded. The centre bank
consisted of some good Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, and
other Orchids, with depressions on either side, and two elevated stands
of Miltonia vexillaria in front. There were masses of Renanthera
Imschootiana arranged with white Odontoglossums, some good Miltonia
Hyeana, examples of the graceful Odontoglossum citrosmum, the rare
O. ‘tamulosum, O. Edna (armainvilleriense x Rossii), a very fine O.
Phoebe, O. Rosalind (Wiganianum X amabile) well dotted with brown -
a yellow ground, and many other good hybrids, the rare Kefersteinia
lamellossa, Cattleya Dusseldorfiii Undine, Cirrhopetalum Colletti, Lycaste
Deppei, Polystachya pubescens, Oncidium cucullatum and Gardneti,
Epidendrum virens, Cypripedium Psyche and niveum, Trichopilia Back-
houseana, and -some brilliant Odontiodas, of which O. ornata val.
Enchantress (Odm. Pescatorei X Oda. Vuylstekeze) was a particularly
beautitul form, O. Sunbeam (Vuylstekee x Lambeauiana), a very pretty
flower marked with salmon-red on a rosy ground, while five forms of O.
Atalanta (Odm. amabile x Oda. Charlesworthii) showed the most
remarkable amount of diversity.
Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth, received a Silver
Flora Medal for a fine group, including good examples of Lzlia purpurata,
Oncidium leucochilum and phymatochilum, Dendrobium Wardianum,
ssome good Cattleya Mossiz, C. Mendelii virginale, a pretty blush-white
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185
form, Masdevallia ignea, Miltonia vexillaria, Cymbidium Lowianum
concolor and insigne, well-flowered plants of Sophronitis grandiflora,
Cypripedium niveum, Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, eximium, Jasper,
duteopurpureum, and some good O. Pescatorei and crispum.
Davipson Cup.
The Davidson Cup, offered for the best Cattleya Mendelii in the Show,
~was awarded to F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford, for
C. M. Queen Mary, a charming white variety with a slight flush of rose in
front of the light yellow disc.
LINDLEY MEDAL.
A Lindley Medal was awarded to Messrs. Armstrong & Brown,
‘Tunbridge Wells, for a magnificent specimen of Coelogyne pandurata
bearing three exceptionally long spikes, two of them each with sixteen and
the other thirteen flowers, an example of good culture which we have never
seen equalled.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
L&LIOCATTLEYA SIBYL Low’s vaR. (C. Mendelii x L.-c. Dominiana).
+A superb hybrid, the flowers being large and of excellent shape, and
having the sepals and petals tinged with rose and veined with purple, while
the front of the broad lip is purple-crimson, and the crest white and yellow.
Exhibited by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.
L#&LIOCATTLEYA TRANSYLVANIA (L.-c. Leonora X C. Enid).—A very
handsome hybrid, having large flowers of excellent shape, and the colour
rose-purple with a deep purple-crimson lip. Exhibited by J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq.
Opontiopa CoLMANI& (Oda. Bradshawiz x Odm. hybrid).—A superb
hybrid of quite a new type, with flowers of Odontoglossum shape, and deep
yellow in colour, covered with large scarlet-red blotches. It is suggested
that the second parent may have been something of the O. Queen of
Gatton type.
Awarps OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA Tityus VAR. REx (Octave-Doin x Enid).—A very fine form
of perfect shape, having light rose-coloured sepals and petals, the front lobe
of the lip purple-crimson, and the disc yellow. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory
& Black. ;
Disa Biackn (Luna xX grandiflora).—A vigorous and handsome hybrid,
most like the latter in colour, but larger and approaching D. Veitchii in
shape. There were about ten flowers on the two spikes, with rose-purple
lateral sepals and much paler dorsal. Exhibited by Messts. Flory & Black.
L&LIOCATTLEYA GOLD-STAR (L.-c. Ariel x C. Mendelii).—A charming
hybrid, bearing an inflorescence of six deep golden-yellow flowers, with a
claret-coloured front to the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons.
186 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JUNE, 1915.
L&LiocaTTLeya Hettus (L.-c. Ballii x C. Mossize Wageneri).—A very
handsome hybrid, having large deep yellow flowers with a claret-red centre
to the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. J. & A. McBean.
MILTONIA HYEANA VAR. F. M. OGILVIE (Bleuana Stevensii x vexillaria
G. D: Owen).—A charming hybrid bearing its first flower, which was blush
white, with a rosy base to the petals, and a large solid dark claret-red
mask at the base of the lip. Exhibited by F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq.
ODONTIODA LAMBEAUIANA VAR. NELLIE (C. Neetzliana x Odm.
Lambeauianum).—A very beautiful hybrid, having particularly broad
segments, and the colour dark rose-red, with a yellow crest to the lip.
Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black.
ODONTOGLOSSUM AGLAON ORCHIDHURST VAR.—A very fine torm, bearing
a spike of large and handsome flowers, heavily blotched with chocolate-purple
on a white ground. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
ODONTCGLOSSUM CRISPUM QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS.—A most beautiful
hybrid, representing the second generation of selected crispum crosses, and
having flowers quite circular in shape, and the broad segments white,
slightly suffused with rose and heavily blotched with purple. | Exhibited by
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.
ODONTOGLOSSUM PRINCESs MARY (parentage unrecorded).—A very fine
thing, bearing a compact spike of seventeen flowers, heavily blotched with
cinnamon-brown on a blush-white ground. It is a derivate of a blotched
O. crispum, but under which particular hybrid it must rank as a variety is
at present uncertain. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 29th,
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs.. R. Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans,
A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, C. Parker,
W. Shackleton, P:.Smith, H. Thompson, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and
H. Arthur (Secretary).
A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., New-
church (gr. Mr. Gilden), for a very fine miscellaneous group.
Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange,
Stone (gr. Mr. Howes), for a fine group, including a large number to which
certificates were awarded.
A Large. Silver Medal was awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Black-
burn (gr. Mr. Lupton), for a fine group of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, &c-
Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, t0
the Liverpool Orchid & Nursery Co., Gateacre, and to Messrs. A. J:
Keeling & Sons, Bradford, for fine groups.
June, 1915.] _ THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187
A Bronze Medal was awarded to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford, for a
small group, including Lycaste cruenta and Dendrobium nobile virginale.
Interesting exhibits were sent by A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr.
Findlow), Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher), Messrs. J. & A.
McBean, Cooksbridge, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATES.
Ccelogyne burfordiensis (pandurata X aspersa), Odontioda Irene
waltonensis (Oda. Uroskinneri x Oda. Charlesworthii), and O. illustris
(Odm. illustrissimum X Oda. Charlesworthii), from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontioda Princess Mary, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
Leliocattleya McBeaniana (C. Schroedere X L. anceps Schroederiana),
from Messrs. J. & A. McBean.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Invernium (Doris X Ossulstonii), O. Phocis (Phoebe X
Solon), O. Epicastum (Clytie x crispum), illustrissimum Walton Grange
var., Miltonia Charlesworthii var. Orpheus (Hyeana X vexillaria Constance),
and M. Eurydice (Hyeana x Phalaenopsis); Odontioda Diana magnifica
and O. Graireana Walton Grange var. ; Cattleya Mossize var. Mammoth, and
Brassocattleya Joan, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Odontoglossum Black Dragon (Pluto x Black Prince), Odontioda
Brewii var. Black Knight, and Miltonia Bleuana albens, all from R. Ash-
worth, Esq.
Cattleya Mossie Mrs. Bernal Bagshaw, from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Odontoglossum amabile Twilight, from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.
Odontioda Vivienne var. H. Worsley (Odm. crispum X Oda. Goodsoniz),
and Lycaste lanipes, both from Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
Mr. J. Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq., for a plant of Masdevallia
Kimballiana.
At the meeting ‘held on May 13th, the members of Committee present
were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. J. C. Cowan, is
Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D.
McLeod, F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and H.
Arthur (Secretary).
Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr.
Mr. W. Gilden), and to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr.
if Howes), for good miscellaneous groups.
Interesting exhibits were staged by Mr. Philip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-
Mersey (gr. Mr. Thompson), Col: |; Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr.
J. Lupton), O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), A. J. Oakshott,
Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. C. Findlow), H. Bell, Esq., Garstang (gr. Mr.
188 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1915,
Hardy), Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Mr. W. Shackleton,
Bradford.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
Odontoglossum Vulturia (Vuylstekeze X triumphans), a fine flower, of
solid dark chocolate colour, with bright yellow tips to the sepals and petals,
from P. Smith, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum polyxanthum Walton Grange var., and O. Hermione,
from Wm. Thompson, Esq.
Leliocattleya Fascinator-Mossie var. Imogene and Odontoglossum
eximium var. Captain Turner, from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.
Miltonia Princess Victoria Garstang var., from Henry Bell, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. C. Findlow, gr. to A. J. Oakshott, Esq., fora plant of Odontioda
Bradshawie, carrying a spike of 78 fully expanded flowers; also a Bronze
Medal to the gardener. It was a fine example of cultural skill, and was
much admired.
The annual general meeting was held at 2.30 p-m., the Rev. J. Cromble-
holme presiding, when the balance-sheet was adopted and officials were
appointed. Thanks were accorded to the following gentlemen who so
kindly subscribed to the fund to cover cost of paintings :—The Rev. J.
Crombleholme, Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher, J. Evans,
A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, A. J. Keeling, W. R. Lee, W. Shackleton, P.
Smith, W. Thompson, Z. A. Ward.
The prizes were presented to the successful exhibitors in the different
competitions as follows :—
R. Ashworth’s Cup, to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.; gardener’s prize to
Mr. J. Lupton.
J- J. Bolton’s Gold Medal to Wm. Thompson, Esq.; gardener’s prize
to Mr. J. Howes.
J. J. Bolton’s Silver-gilt Medal, to R. Ashworth, Esq.; gardener’s prize
to Mr. W. Gilden.
Botanic Society of Manchester’s Gold Medal, to R. Ashworth, Esq.
Charlesworth’s Cup, to Wm. Thompson, Esq. ; gardener’s prize to Mr.
J. Howes.
Cypher’s Gold Medal, to R. Ashworth, Esq. ; gardener’s prize to Mr.
'W. Gilden.
Evans’ Silver Trophy, to R. Ashworth, Esq. ; gardener’s prize to Mr.
W. Gilden.
Hanmer’s Cup, to R. Ashworth, Esq.; gardener’s prize to Mr. W-
Gilden.
June, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 189
Smith's Gold Medal, to Wm. Thompson, Esq.; gardener’s prize to Mr.
. Howes. :
Society’s Gold Medal, to Z. A. Ward, Esq.
Society’s Gold Medal, to F. A. Hindley, Esq.
_ A number of prizes have been offered for competition during the coming
session, due notice of which will be given; and it is hoped that gentlemen
will send their exhibits as usual, to keep up the interest in the Society.
|
ANY years ago the late Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Director of
In the Melbourne Botanic Garden, wrote an article entitled ‘‘ The
smallest Orchid in the World”? (Gard. Chron., 1879, ii. p. 817), which may
be summarised as follows :—
More than twenty years ago.the late Mr. W. S..McLeay showed the. .
writer a very minute creeping Orchid from the vicinity of Port Jackson,
highly remarkable for its extremely small disc-like leaves. The little plant
in Mr. McLeay’s conservatory was at the time not in flower, nor could
subsequently any flowers be obtained, as the plant seems to have been lost.
He told me, however, that he had examined it in a flowering state, and had
found it to be a Dendrobium. The plant was lost sight of until very
recently Mr. Fawcett rediscovered it at the Richmond River, and forwarded
fruiting specimens. At my request this zealous investigator of the
Richmond River vegatation secured at last the flowers of this pigmy
plant, which prove it to be a true Bulbophyllum, to which the name B.
minutissimum is now given. The leaves are sessile, on a creeping rhizome,
often forming bead-like series. The leaves are orbicular, flat, horizontal,
and only one-eighth or one-sixth of an inch in diameter. Thus this Orchid
has the smallest leaves of all in the whole order. Indeed, seeing the plant
creeping among the mosses, the observer might take it for a species of the
Hepatice. The flowers are singly produced on peduncles hardly longer
than the leaves, while the wee red flowers measure also only one-sixth of an
inch. The affinity of this Bulbophyllum is with B. lichenastrum, but its
dimensions are much less, and the disc-like leaves are thinly cartilaginous
and adnate in the centre.
In a subsequent note (/.c. 1880, i. p, 790), an extract from a letter
detailed the circumstances of its discovery by Mr. McLeay: “I obtained it
in a ravine at the back of Rushcutters Bay, Port Jackson, where it was
almost within the reach of the
The locality has since been
ay
cy MINUTE BULBOPHYLLUMS.
growing on sandstone boulders in moss,
drip from the overhanging rocks above.
desecrated by the march of suburban improvements.
190 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [June, 1915,
Not long afterwards a note appeared by Mr. N. E. Brown under the
title “‘ The smallest Orchid known ” (L.c., 1880, ii. p. 598), in which it was
pointed out that B. minutissimum was not exactly the smallest Orchid in
the world, fora smaller species of the same genus was discovered some years
previously by Dr. Beccari in Sarawak, Borneo (Beccari, No. 431), which is
about one-third smaller than B. minutissimum. The habit is the same, 1.¢.,
like a small chain of green discs; but whilst in the Australian plant the
pseudobulbs are orbicular, and bear their very minute scale-like leaves on
the top in the centre, in the Bornean plant the pseudobulbs are oblong, and
the minute ovate-acute leaves are given off at the side. The largest leaf
measured is j line long and } line bread. He added that there were now
three of these minute species of Bulbyphyllums known, all alike in habit—
B. moniliforme (Burma), B. minutissimum (Australia), and Dr. Beccari’s
Bornean plant, which is the least of the three, for although it has
larger leaves than B. minutissimum, yet a pseudobulb and its expanded
leaf of the Bornean plant will comfortably lie upon a pseudobulb of B.
minutissimum in the same relative space of development, and leave room
to spare.
The Bornean species has since been briefly described under the name
of B. Odoardi, Rchb. f. & Pfiz. (Engl. Pflanzenfam., ii. pt. 6, pp. 179,
180, fig. 190 C), being placed in a distinct section, called Odoardiana, while
a section called Minutissimz is established for B. minutissimum. The
flowers of B. Odoardi are not known, but the two plants are so closely
similar, down to the hispid capsules—which are larger than the leaves and
bulbs—that it is probable the first-named section will have to be abolished.
B. minutissimum has been well figured from life by Fitzgerald (Austral.
Orch., ii. pt. 2), and has rosy flowers with darker ‘stripes and a dark rose
margin to the lip. Fitzgerald remarks that the locality where B.
minutissimum was originally discovered is now in the heart of Sidney.
R.A.R.
i ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. a)
ie meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, during June, on the 8th
and 22nd, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o'clock noon. These are the dates fixed for the two Masters Memorial
Lectures, by Dr. C. J. Russell, D.Sc., the subject being ‘‘ Recent
Investigations ‘on. the Subject of Plant Food in the Soil.” Sir John D.
Llewellyn, Bart., will preside on each occasion. The hour is 3 p-m.
June, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 191
The following meeting is the Great Summer Show, to be held at
Holland House, Kensington, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, July
6th, 7th, and 8th. Judging commences at Io a.m., and the Orchid
Committee will meet half an hour later. The Show will open at 12 o'clock
noon. Silver Cups and Medals will be awarded according to merit.
Entries close on June 22nd. The Coronation Challenge Cup will be
awarded by the Council to what, in their opinion, is the most meritorious
exhibit in the Show (excluding the winners of the two preceding years).
The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 3rd and 17th. The
Committee meets at noon, and the’exhibits are open to inspection from
1 to 4o'clock p.m. The followiag-meeting is fixed for July 8th.
Several interesting mementos of the recent Chelsea Show appear in
the last: two issues of the horticultural press. The Gardeners’ Chromcle
figures Cattleya citrina in Mr. J. Gurney Fowler’s group, the fine group
staged by Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, and the handsome Leliocattleya
Sibyl Low’s var., and the Gardeners’ Magazine has Odontoglossum crispum
Queen of the Belgians, Odontioda Lambeauiana var. Nellie, and Lelio-
cattleya Gold-Star. Messrs. Cypher’s artistic group seemed to catch the
eye, for we find illustrations also in the Garden and the Journal of
Horticulture.
The death is announced at Toronto, Canada, on May 5th, of Mr. E. T.
Cook, for several years Editor of The Garden, and Honorary Secretary of the
Horticultural Club. Some years ag> he went to Canada, where*he assisted
in the formation of the National Rose Society of Canada, of which he was
elected first president.
Ture Fora oF UcANnpA.—At the house dinner of the Horticultural
Club held at the Hotel Windsor on May 11th, under the presidency of
Sir Harry J. Veitch, a very interesting lectnre, illustrated by lantern slides,
was given by Mr. M. T. Dawe, F.L.S., on his ‘‘ Botanical Travels in
Uganda.” After ‘a brief outline of the history of Uganda from a botanical
standpoint, Mr. Dawe pointed out that although our knowledge extends
back for over fifty years it is only during the last fifteen years that we have
acquired a knowledge of the flora as a whole, and that much still remains to
be done. The position of Uganda is east-central, and it has affinities with
all the surrounding regions, but the plants of the tropical rain forests show
a remarkable affinity with the West African coast flora, some of which
extend right across the continent. There were many interesting Orchids,
including the remarkable Angrecum infundibulare, which had been
192 THE ORCHID REVIEW. . [JUNE, 1915,
introduced to cultivation, and which was formerly only known from West
Africa. The illustrations showing the vegetation and incidents of his travels
were particularly interesting.
We much regret to hear of the death, on May aist, of Mr. George
Hunter, for several years gardener and Orchid grower to His Grace the
Duke of Marlborough, at Blenheim. An obituary notice will appear next
month.
as t
| x
RAE
ORCHID PORTRAITS.
he readers will not have failed to notice the absence of the list of
Orchid Portraits, which has been a feature of the Review ever since
its commencement, from our last two issues. Its object has been to collect
the scattered figures of Orchids that appear in horticultural periodicals, so _
that they can be readily found by means of the annual Index. Its compil-
ation has always been attended with considerable difficulty, but the number
of repetitions has become so great that we doubt whether it is worth the
trouble, and such figures will doubtless be included in the proposed re-issue
of Pritzel’s Iconum Botanicorum, which the R.H.S. has long been contem~ ~
plating, and to which attention was again drawn by Mr. H. J. Elwes at the
last annual meeting. The very magnitude of the subject is no doubt the
principal cause of delay, and it becomes a question whether in view of the
difficulty of the undertaking some kind of selection may not have to be
attempted. Another difficulty is the question of synonymy, for it is well
known that many important old figures are not under the names under
which they would now be looked for, particularly in the case of Orchids.
We believe that the whole matter is under consideration.
se PRINT EP aris a eS Ts
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
{Orchtds are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are
requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of special
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work]. é
_ X.—The correct name is Cattleya’ Mossiz var. Wageneri (not Wagneri). It was
originally discovered by the collector Wagener, in the province of Merida, and was
described under the name of C. Wageneri before it was found to be the albino form of |
Osslz. i
.B.— Vanda suavis, Lindl.
Lee oe Harrisoniz, Lindl.
-T.P.—Dendrobium crepidatum, Lindl. i :
G.R.—Shall be dealt Si acs: age 1 its Nasties aemmaectaiet
_Owing to the pressure on our space through the shows, other matters must stand over
unt'l next month. ;
=e
oF * er
r Che Orchid Review 2
0. i VoL. XXIII. JOLY, t9F5. No. 271.
Boise | OUR NOTE BOOK. Fee]
HE article on ‘‘ Minute Bulbophyllums”’ (pp. 189-190) reminds a.
correspondent of the remarkable characters of an Orchid collection,
and one that was more obvious in olden days than at present, namely, the
enormous number of plants that can be successfully grown in a small
house. In the early days there were collectors of Orchids who prided them-
selves on the varied character of their collections, which at that time often
consisted of a large assemblage of species, and were grown quite as much
because of their absorbing interest as for their mere showiness, and they
adopted all manner of quaint devices in order to accommodate their pets..
They were grown in all kinds of receptacles ; pots, baskets, and shells, and
on blocks of wood, and suspended from the roof in crowds, besides filling
the stages almost to overflowing, so that to an outsider an Orchid house
presented the strangest sight imaginable. And there were many interesting
little plants in cultivation in those days that are now seldom seen, except
in a few botanical collections, but even then an Orchid that could have
been accommodated on a block of the size of a penny-piece would have
been something of a novelty.
pee.)
Epiphytic Orchids are often specially adapted to these quaint methods of
culture. Many of them grow on branches of trees, and in a few cases their
habit of growing sideways or even pendulous has become persistent, and
many of the smaller species never exceed a few inches in height and succeed
best at a moderate distance from the roof glass. They do not, as a rule,
require a great amount of compost, and suitable atmospheric conditions.
seem to be the most important point in their successful culture. This can
be secured by a properly balanced condition of the heating, damping,
shading, and ventilating of the house. Some care, however, is necessary
that the plants on the stages do not suffer from drip from those above, or
the young growths are sure to damp off, and the loss of the plant would
probably follow. A proper amount of moisture is essential, but the use of
193
194 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1915.
=a sprayer, with the damping of the floors and staging as often as necessary,
~will do much to reduce the amount of direct watering required.
Such a collection forms a never-failing source of interest, for the plants
-are of the most varied aspect, and there is always something in bloom.
Such plants can easily be grown on into specimens without taking up too
great an amount of space, and it is when grown in this way that their :
-quaint beauty is seen to best advantage, for many of them are very
floriferous, and the number of flowers often makes up for what some of them
lack in size. The latter quality, however, is not always wanting, for in
some of them the flowers seem quite disproportionate to the size of the
plants. In shape, and in the way that they are produced, the flowers
-are of the most varied description, and there are resemblances to insects
-and other quaint objects that are often very striking, while the range of
colour to be seen among them, and the exquisite beauty of the markings Is
unrivalled in any other group of plants.
It is true that the enormous development of hybridisation has pushed
‘these unobtrusive little species somewhat into the background, but more
-of them are grown than appear at our shows, and their aggregate number
in collections must be considerable. The remark that they are not often
‘imported now-a-days applies almost as much to Orchids generally, for very
few collectors now visit the tropics with a sort of roving commission in
search of novelties. They now devote their energies to producing them at
home, and with considerable success, though the work naturally extends
-over a-more limited field, and there are fewer surprises than when Orchid
importing was at the height of its popularity. And the decline in
‘importing is naturally accompanied by a reduction in the number of what
-are called botanical Orchids, a term used somewhat indiscriminately for
“Orchids that are not generally grown, without much reference to theif
individual beauty.
The Orchid novelties of the world have not yet been nearly exhausted.
‘Of this we have plenty of evidence, and there are many species known 10
science that have not yet been imported, or that have been quickly lost
because of difficulties attendant on their culture. Here we are face to face
with one of the difficulties, for it is of little use importing Orchids that
cannot afterwards be grown, however attractive they may otherwise e-
Orchids grow naturally under a very wide range of natural conditions, and
one has-to seleet such“as can: be grown with success, especially if the
number of houses is limited. Ina single house one must either neglect the
‘warm or the cooler-growing species.
Jury, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195
Fae ORCHIS HYBRIDA. las
PIKES of a very beautiful natural hybrid Orchis have been sent to Kew
by Mr. George Reuthe, F.R.H.S., Fox Hill Hardy Plant Nursery,
Keston, Kent. They were collected in Bavaria two years ago, where the parent
species, O. purpurea (fusca) and O. militaris grow together. They belong
to a plant whose hybrid origin was recognised many years ago, for we
find it recorded in 1830 by Reichenbach as Orchis hybrida, Boenningh.
(Fl. Germ. Excurs., p. 125), with the remark that it is intermediate between
O. inilitaris and O. fusca, and is perhaps a hybrid between-them. It was
found at Kalkhugeln, near Munster, Bohemia. But it has a much earlier
history, for it was figured by Jacquin about 1786 (Ic. Pl. Rar., iti. p. 16, ,t-
598) under the name of O. militaris. The mistake was pointed out in 1844,
by Godron (FI. Lorraine, iii. p. 33), and was then called O. Jacquinii, a
rare species near O. fusca. O. hybrida was apparently unknown to him.
A. year later O. Jacquinii was made a variety of O. fusca—var. stenoloba
(Coss. & Germ. Fl. Env. Paris, p. 550), and under this name it was after-
wards figured by Reichenbach (Fl. Germ., xiii. p. 31, t. 377). The name of
©. hybrida appears on the plate, and the two now appear to have been
connected for the first time. Lindley next called it O. militaris var. hybrida
(Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 227), but remarked that he had seen no specimen, and
still later it became O. fusca var. bifida (Bogenh. Fl. Jena, p. 350).
Timbal-Lagrave, who in 1855 published a small memoir on European
Orchid hybrids, called it O. purpureo-militaris, and recognised its variability,
or the possibility of recrossing with the parents, for he indicated two other
forms, under the names of O. super-purpureo-militaris and O. sub-
It has also received the names of O. fusca var.
and O. dubia, Camus, which facts
It is well figured by M.
purea. It has been
purpureo-militaris.
triangularis, O. angusticruris, Franch.,
show how greatly its history has been confused.
Schulze (Orch. Deutsch., t. 9 b) as O. militaris X pur
found in several localities in France, Switzerland, and Germany.
The plants have done well at Keston, doubtless because of the
f the soil, for the parents are chalk-lovers, and Mr.
Reuthe remarks that the chalk crops up about 200 yards to the north,
where Cephalanthera pallens grows, and again about geo yards to the
south, along a range of hills. Three of the spikes are particularly fine, and
one form rather inclines towards O. militaris and. another towards O.
purpurea, though they can be generally described as intermediate. It would
be interesting if Mr. Reuthe would cross the two, and raise a batch of
seedlings, which would be quite possible in such a soil. R.A.R
calcareous nature o
196 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 1915,
eet ay
Ea THE MECHANISM OF HEREDITY. te
(Continued from page 186.)
E saw last month that hybridisation consists in the combination of
specifically distinct ancestries in the same individual, the necessary
result being a compromise between the conflicting qualities and the
production of individuals possessing more or less intermediate characters.
We also saw that hybridisation itself is only an extension of sexual
reproduction, the latter a process which differs from vegetative reproduction
in certain definite particulars, the essentials of which are the production of
two kinds of specialised cells, which are incapable of further growth until
after their fusion in pairs in the sexual process. But sexual reproduction
is not universal, being entirely absent from certain primitive groups of
plants, and the fact invites inquiry as to the very origin of sex. The fact
is, sexual production is itself an adaptation, it is something which is added
on to the earlier process of reproduction by division, and the fact should
help us to understand some of the highly specialised processes of
reproduction among the higher plants. The very names Schizophyta
and Conjugate, which have been applied to certain primitive groups, are
based upon this fundamental distinction in their method of reproduction..
It is even held that sexual reproduction has arisen independently more than
once, but this point is immaterial for our inquiry.
It will facilitate an understanding of the two processes if we take a
simple case, as in the filamentous Alga known as Ulothrix zonata. Here
vegetative reproduction takes place by the production of what are known as
zoospores ; pear-shaped bodies, containing a single nucleus, and furnished
with four long cilia, by which locomotion in water is brought about.
These arise by bipartition from the ordinary cells of the filament, and swim
about for some hours before they come to rest, and attach themselves to
some object by the small end, after which they grow out into a new
Ulothrix filament like the parent. But other cells, it may be of the same
or of different filaments, produce bodies of a somewhat different kind.
They also are produced by bipartition, but differ from the other kind of
zoospores mentioned in having only two instead of four cilia, and in their
smaller size. There is no other visible difference between them. Their
behaviour, however, is different. They are, in fact, the sexual cells of
Ulothrix. On escaping from the mother-cell they swim off through the
water just like the larger kind of spore, but on meeting with another two-
ciliated zoospore, produced by a different mother-cell, an extraordinary
process takes place. The two at first become entangled by their ciliz, and
then goon spinning through the water together; their bodies now come
JuLy, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197
into contact laterally, and soon begin to fuse. The fusion starts at the
pointed colourless ends, and after these parts are quite joined up laterally
the opposite ends remain for a short time separate. In a few minutes
fusion becomes complete, and the two cells now constitute a single four-
ciliated body, essentially different from the vegetative zoospore. The new
body is called a zygospore, to indicate its origin from two united sexual
cells, while the sexual cells are called gametes to indicate their special
property of uniting. The origin from two united cells can long be
recognised by the presence of two chlorophyll-bodies and two eye-like spots,
one from each of the uniting cells.
Movement does not continue long after fusion is complete. The
zygospore withdraws its four cilia and comes to rest, attaching itself, like
the vegetative zoospore, by the colourless pointed end. It now acquires a
cell-wall, and often puts out a colourless root-hair by which it attaches
itself to the substratum. Development now proceeds; the cell contents
become darker and of a dark green colour, while the cell-wall is thickened,
after which the new individual enters into a state of rest. After remaining
dormant for a time the resting zygospores again become active, and the
contents now break up simultaneously into a number of free cells or
zoospores, from which the Ulothrix filament is again produced, and the life
cycle is complete. It is interesting to note that if for any reason the two-
ciliated gametes fail to conjugate they can germinate on their own account,
either behaving like the asexual zoospores or forming resting spores like the
zygospores. This indicates the important fact that the conjugating cells
have not yet become exclusively adapted to a sexual function. There is also
the remarkable resemblance of the sexually-produced zygospore to the
vegetative zoospore, even to the restored size, and in the similar number
of cilia.
In Spirogyra, a fllamentous floating Alga, reproduction takes the form
of a remarkably simple process, a form of conjugation between cells of
adjacent filaments. These cells produce lateral out-growths, which come
into contact and adhere together; the intervening cell walls are then
absorbed, and the contents of one of the cells contract, and after a time
The two nuclei then fuse together, and
passes over into the adjacent cell.
ounds itself with a new cell wall, and in
the united protoplasmic mass surr
due time gives birth to the new generation. The conjugating cells are
alike, but one is the receptive one, and there are other indications of a
certain degree of sexual differentiation. Vegetative reproduction takes the
form of an occasional breaking up of the filament into its constituent cells.
In many other members of the Conjugate there is no trace of any
difference of sex, for the cells meet and fuse midway between the parent
cells, each of which takes an equal part in the process.
198 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 1915.
A special interest attaches itself to these primitive Algz, for in them
we can trace the very origin of the sexual process, while behind them may.
be seen the still more primitive organisms in which the only method of
reproduction is by the vegetative process of cell bipartition. The
introduction of sexuality has been followed by a whole series of progressive
modifications to meet the requirements of changing conditions, culminating
in the highly specialised processes met with to-day, while the primitive
method of reproduction by vegetative division has taken an
increasingly subordinate position, without, however, being lost where its
retention served any useful purpose.
A hurried glance through the progressive stages of sexual specialisation
in different groups will indicate more clearly what has taken place. At the
outset we find plants consisting of a single cell, and propagating them-
selves by vegetative division. Then follow others where the cells remain in
contact, forming filaments or tissues, but propagating themselves in the
same way. The two Algez already considered show the beginning of the
sexual process, while a third, @idogonium, makes another step in advance.
Here the sexual cells are perfectly differentiated, and instead of’two,
similar conjugating zoospore-like. gametes we find a small moving,
spermatozoid and a large resting ovum. Both partners are still on
equal terms as regards the union of their nuclei, but the female cell remains -
in connection with the vegetative body of the parent, and alone assumes the
duty of accumulating food-supplies for the next generation. Still higher,
in Coleochete, the odspore, as the fertilised cell is called, divides up into
a group of cells, in each of which a zoospore is formed, thus indicating 4
certain analogy with the formation of the sporogonium, or spore-mother, in
the simplest liverworts.
This brings us to the next great division, the Bryophyta—liverworts and
mosses—which have become adapted to an aerial mode of existence, and
show a marked alternation of generations. The plant-body consists either
of a thallus-like tissue ora stem and leaves, in either case on reaching
maturity producing the sexual bodies in specialised organs, the male called
antheridia and the female archegonia. The latter are flask-shaped bodies,
formed of cellular tissue, with a tubular neck, and bearing the ovum at
the base. Fertilisation is still by ciliated bodies, called spermatozoids,
which are produced within the antheridia, and are carried down to the
archegonia by rain or dew, and on reaching the neck of the latter ar
attracted to it and pass down its mucilaginous canal to the ovum, which it
fertilises. The fertilised. ovum now develops into the so-called moss-fruits
which produces spores asexually, these falling on some damp place and
germinating, giving rise to a new moss-plant—the sexual generation. It 1S
noteworthy that these plants in some cases produce exclusively male OF
Jury, r915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 1y9°
female gametes, thus securing cross-fertilisation between separate
individuals, and that sexual zoospores are no longer produced.
The Vasculares, including the ferns, lycopods and horse-tails, show an
enormous advance in the asexual generation, which is analogous to the moss-
fruit, and which has now attained a complexity almost rivalling that of the
flowering plants, while the sexual generation has receded to a small
membranous prothallus, which bears the sexual cells in antheridia and
archegonia, as in the Bryophyta. The two generations have practically
reversed themselves, for the fern plant, to use a familiar term, is not the
equivalent of the moss plant, while the elaborate system of vascular tissue
in the former is an entirely new development, which intervenes between the
germination of the fertilised ovum and the production of the asexual spores.
The sporophyte in this group is greatly diversified, while in some cases it
bears two kinds of spores, microspores, forming numerous small prothalli,.
and macrospores, forming a few large prothalli, on which the male and
female cells respectively are borne. The vascular system is only developed
in the sporophyte:
Among the Gymnosperme—cycads and conifers—there is no longer an
alternation of generations, for the female odphyte has lost its independence
altogether. It never leaves the megaspore, which itself remains shut up
within the tissues of the sporogonium.' Fertilisation now results tn the -
production of a new body, called the fruit, consisting of the fertilised:ovum
and its protecting envelopes. The ovum matures into the seed, from which
the new individual is developed. The male fertilising organs are the pollen
grains, which are here multicellular, and are produced within the anther.
The sexes are separate, and the flowers are produced in the axils of
protecting scales, but are destitute of a perianth, while the ovules are not
contained within an ovary. Fertilisation in this group is a slow and
complicated process, and it will suffice to say that the pollen grains are
wind-borne, and on reaching the ovules develop a pollen tube, which
penetrates the endosperm—a mass of nutritive tissue which fills the
embryo-sac (the latter representing the megaspore of the higher
Cryptogams)—and enters the micropyle of the ovule, after which the
nuclei of the pollen and ovule fuse together, and then develop into the
seed. Fertilisation by pollen tube marks the beginning of the flowering
plants, or Phanerogams, but it is noteworthy that in a few primitive
Gymnosperms the earlier method by motile spermatozoids is partly
retained, the pollen tube being first formed, but afterwards liberating two-
ciliated spermatozoids, which complete the work of fertilisation. The
process marks an interesting transition between the higher Cryptogams.
and the Phanerogams.
In the Angiosperme the ovules are contained within a closed ovary,
200 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JULY, 1915.
-and the pollen tubes effect an entrance by way of the tissues of the stigma,
which is often elevated on a style. The great characteristic of the group is
‘the high development of the flowers and fruit, the former depending upon
the varying degrees of adaptation to fertilisation by insects, and the latter
upon various devices for the dispersal of the seeds and their protection until
the time for germination arrives. The female prothallium and the
aarchegonium are now éliminated or no longer. recognisable, and the
embryo-sac, after a few preliminary divisions, proceeds to the formation of
the ovum, the development of the endosperm being postponed until after —
fertilisation, while the stages in the pollinary processes are also simplified.
The Phanerogamia now subdivide themselves into ‘two primary groups,
Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons, the former characterised by having an
embroyo with two cotyledons, a terminal growing point, and a permanent
root system, the latter with the embryo reduced to a single cotyledon, and
the growing point lateral, while the primary root: disappears early and Is
replaced by adventitious roots, indicating a further degree of specialisation
‘The further points of difference in the stem, leaf venation, and floral
arrangement may be passed over. bs
This brings us to the family Orchidacee, and we need not go into its
-special characteristics, beyond pointing out the wide departure from normal
methods in the development and fertilisation of the ovules. An Orchid
flower-is only partially developed at the time of expansion, for the female
generative system is'in abeyance, the ovules then appearing as minute
points of undifferentiated tissue ; and they remain so until after the act of
pollination, which applies the stimulus for their development. The first
visible effect of pollination is the discoloration and withering of the perianth
segments, and the thickening of the column, but while the pollen tubes are
growing down the tissues of the latter the ovary and ovules are developing;
and by the time they are mature the pollen tubes have reached their
destination, and at once enter the micropyle of the ovule, and fertilisation
is effected, after which the ovule develops into the seed. The interval
between pollination and fertilisation may be a week or ten days in a hardy
terrestrial: Orchid, up to about three ouaee: in oe Mossize, possibly
longer in some cases.
We thus see that Orchids, in which the Guosaeting point of develop-
ment in the vegetable kingdom is reached, have a long and diversified
ancestry, and a brief survey of its successive phases, with the progressive
introduction of new and improved processes under changing conditions of
the environment, forms a material help in the study of heredity. Without
such a guide one might as well attempt the navigation of a rudderless ship
across an uncharted ocean. Its application to the problems of ge
tion and reversion must be left for a concluding chapter. R.A
eS a ne
Juty, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201
HE intercrossing of choice varieties of Odontoglossum crispum has
long engaged the attention of raisers of Odontoglossums, and the
ee ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM MARION.
Fig. 24. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM MARION.
beautiful form here figured is one of the finest of the series. It was raised
in the collection of Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam, by Mr. aS.
Chapman, from O. c. Chapmanianum XO. c. Cooksonia. Mr Chipman,
202 THE ORCHID: REVIEW. [JULY, 1915.
to whom we are indebted for the photograph, remarks that it is considered
as one of the most beautiful forms of O. crispum in the collection. The
segments are very broad, giving the flowers « full round shape, and the
petals are well fringed. The segments have a broad white margin, and the
large solid blotches are deep purple with a suffusion of purple at the edges.
There is a deep suffusion of rose-purple at the back of the segments, giving
a tinge of purple in front, especially at the tip of the sepals, while the
blotches on the lip are rich chestnut brown, with the usual yellow crest.
It is named after Mrs. Clive Cookson.
If we were asked, is it a crispum?—and no other question is so
frequently put to us now that so many blotched Odontoglossums are being
Fig. 25. ODoNToGLossumM WILCKEANUM CHESTERTONII.
(? crispum xX luteopurpureum.)
raised—the answer would be difficult. It is a crispum in the sense that its
parents are crispums, and in the sense that the term is generally used, but
it has long been recognised that Odontoglossum crispum is what may be
termed a composite species, and that it includes a number of blotched
derivatives from several other species with which it grows in a wild state—
the result of crossing by insects through countless generations. This is
easily seen from their characters, and from the fact that they do not occur
where O. crispum grows separately, as in the case of the geographical form
O. crispum Lehmanni, but they grade so imperceptibly into the species that
ull absolute dividing lines are obliterated.
Jun, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203
It may, at least, be said that O. crispum grows and hybridises naturally
with O. gloriosum, O. Iuteopurpureum, O. Lindleyanum, and O.
Hunnewellianum, yielding the primary hybrids, O. Andersonianum,
O. Wilckeanum, O. Coradinei, and O. Adriane respectively—the origin
has now been proved experimentally in every case—and that the hybrids
are completely fertile, and, so far as they occur together, continue to cross
back with the parent species and with each other, yielding a series of
secondary hybrids whose origin it is often impossible to ascertain by
Fig. 26. ODONTOGLossUM WILCKEANUM ALBENS.
(? crispum xX luteopurpureum.) ~
comparison, because.of the amount of segregation of character and reversiom
that takes place.
The limiting phrase “so far as they grow together” is necessary,
because they do not occur indiscriminately in the same area. O-
Hunnewellianum and its derivative, O. Adriane, for example, were not
known until many years later than the others, appearing quite unexpectedly
when O. crispum was found and imported from a new district, which has
since yielded also O. gloriosum and O. Andersonianum, so that the latter
pair occur in both areas. Aguin, differences among the quality of blotched
“crispums” from different districts have long been recognised, and this
would result from their varying composition, but how far this can be
204 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JULY, 1915.
utilised for purposes of classilication is doubtful, for the source of many
blotched crispums is unknown. Were it otherwise the amount of variation
among seedlings from the same capsule would upset all calculations.
It would, however, be a very interesting experiment to self-fertilise some
distinct and good blotched ‘“‘crispum”’ and then compare all the resulting
seedlings, for one might get an idea of its composition by the amount of
reversion shown. It need not be a waste of time, for the probability of
something good resulting is practical
some other blotched crispum.
—
y as great as if it were crossed with
We do not remember that any such
Pig. 27
- 27. ODONTOGLOSSUM STEWARTIANUM.
(Andersonianum magnificum Xx crispum heliotropium.)
experiment has been undertaken, or at least the results recorded, but it
would be very instructive. Continued crossing introduces confusing
elements, and what is wanted is the self-fertilisation of some hybrid of
mixed ancestry. We know that they are fertile, and that reversion takes
place; the question now is who will make the experiment and give US
something definite to work upon. :
The accompanying figures illustrate some of the difficulties of the
question. Fig. 25 (p. 202) represents a striking Odontoglossum which
appeared in an importation of O. crispum wih Messrs. James Veitch
& Sons. It was named O. Chestertonii, after the collector, and received 4
Juy, 1915.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205
First-class Certificate from the R.H.S.in March, 1876. The ground colour
is white, and Reichenbach called the plant O. crispum var. Chestertonil.
The writer called it O. Denisoniz var. Chestertonii, on the ground ‘that it
was partly derived from O. luteopurpureum. It was then thought that O.
Denisonize was a hybrid between O. crispum and luteopurpureum, jbut
artificial hybrids between the two latter do not yield identical hybrids, and
it is now believed that O. Denisoniz is a secondary hybrid of the same
origin as O. mirum. The crossing of O. crispum and luteopurpureum
yields yellow hybrids with brown spots, reproducing the natural hybrid O.
Fie. 28. OpONTOGLOSSUM CORADINE] MIRABILE.
(? Lindleyanum x crispum.)
Wilckeanum, though Mr. Crawshay admits having seen two with white
grounds, and it is doubtful whether Chestertonii represents the primary cross.
The original O. Wilckeanum albens is represented in fig. 26 (p. 203),
and this, too, is of uncertain origin. Mr. Crawshay has collected its history
(O.R., xv. p. 217). It appeared in an importation of O. crispum with
M. Ch, Vuylsteke, about 1885, and part of it afterwards came to England,
receiving - First class Certiticate from the R.H.S. in February, 1887, under
-dinum. A division of the plant was’ figured
—
the name of O. crispum’ leop:
206 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLY, 1915,
in 1896 as O. Wilckeanum Pittianum, and seven years later another figure
appeared as O. crispum Sibyl. It finally came to rest as O. Wilckeanum
Sibyl, but from our present knowledge is more likely to be a secondary
hybrid. It is not a crispum, and it can hardly be called a pure 0.
Wilckeanum. We should look for it under O. mirum.
O. Stewartianum (p. 204, fig. 27) is a garden hybrid, raised from 0.
Andersonianum magnificum X O. crispum heliotropium, but there is plenty
of room for uncertainty about the origin of the parents. The latter shows
such a marked resemblance to O. gloriosum in the spotting as to suggest
that that species must be in some way involved in the ancestry (see O.R.,
p. 121, fig. 15). The former parent we do not remember, but there are
good grounds for believing that some of the finer forms referred to 0.
Andersonianum are recrosses with O. crispum. Had O. Stewartianum
appeared as a wild plant it would probable have been called a variety of
O. crispum, and one would like to know what other seedlings of the same
batch were like. A pure crispum should have resulted in a reduction of the
markings, and it is probably a more complex cross.
Odontoglossum Coradinei mirable (p. 205, fig. 28) is another perplexing
form. It is believed to have been imported with O. crispum, and was
exhibited by Baron Sir H. Schréder at a meeting of the R.H.S. held in
June, 1894, when it received an Award of Merit. But it looked so much
like a hybrid between O. crispum and O. Lindleyanum that we recorded it
as O. Coradinei mirable. The alteration was accepted, and at the following
Temple Show it received a First-class Certificate under the latter name
Its exceptional size was recognised from the outset, and it is at least
possible that it may be the result of recrossing with O. crispum, yet it is
not quite O. crispodinei, raised by Mr. Crawshay from this cross.
A good many blotched Odontoglossums formerly put under O. crispum
are now recognised as natural hybrids, but the natural limits of the species
have been practically obliterated by continued crossing.
)
GE HUNTER.—We greatly regret to hear of the death. at the
early age of 36 years, of Mr. George Hunter, who for the last seve?
years has been gardener and Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke °
Marlborough at Blenheim. He contracted a severe chill a few days before
the Chelsea Show, for which he is said to have been making preparations;
and died from. pneumonia on May a2tst. Mr. Hunter commenced his
gardening career with the late Mr. Norman C. Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam,
alter which he became Orchid grower to the Earl of Tankerville, at
Chillingham Castle. He has been a member of the R.H.S. Orchid
Juty, r9r5,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207
Committee for the last two years. He leaves a widow and two young
children, to whom we tender our deepest sympathy.
ey ORCHIS PR/ETERMISSA. |
N Orchis collected in a boggy place at Middlebeere Heath, near Corfe
Castle, Dorset, by Mr. C. B. Green, has been identified by Mr. G. C.
Druce as his O. preetermissa (see O.R., xxi. p. 39), and Mr. A. B. Jackson,
of the Imperial Institute, has kindly handed me a specimen sent to him by
Mr. Green. From the reference to the colour of the flowers I had half
suspected that O. pretermissa might be the crimson coast form of O.
incarnata, although the habitat was not in agreement. The specimen now
sent agrees well with the plant figured at t. 2308 of Sowerby’s English
Botany as O. incarnata, which Syme reproduced at t. 1457 as O. latifolia,
and I believe it is also the purple form of O. incarnata mentioned by
Townsend (Fl. Hamps., pp. 341, 504) as found in meadows by the Stour
and its tributaries west of Hern Station, together with the flesh-coloured
form. Mr. Townsend states that in these meadows Orchid latifolia also
occurs, flowering later than O. incarnata.
The question now arises as to the status of the plant. Long before
connecting this purple form with O. pretermissa I formed the opinion that
it may be a hybrid between O. incarnata and O. latifolia. The characters
of O. incarnata are well summarised by the late Mr. C. B. Clarke in his
account of the Bransbury Marsh plant (Journ. Linn. 506.4 Kix. pi, 206, ts 31),
and are shown in the coloured figure. It has comparatively narrow
ascending leaves, slightly hooded at the extreme apex, and a rather narrow
spike of flesh-coloured flowers, streaked with rose on the lip, which has
rather small reflexed side lobes. . latifolia has broader, more spreading
leaves, and broader spikes of purple flowers, with large, more spreading side
lobes. ©. pratermissa, as seen in Sowerby’s figure and in Mr. Jackson’s
plant, is most like a luxuriant O.incarnata with a strong purple suffusion in
the flowers, and the modifications are in the direction of O. latifolia. It is
more than a mere question of colour difference.
A hybrid between the two has been described under the name of
O. Aschertoniana, Hausskn., and the O. incarnato-latifolia figured by
M. Schulze (Orch. Deutsch., t. 19 b) is cited as a form of it by Camus, who
describes the hybrid as having narrower leaves than QO. latifolia, and darker-
coloured flowers than O. incarnata. It has a wide distribution, and may
be expected wherever the two species grow togéther. It is not improbable
that hybrid intermediates may partly account for the way these two species
have been confused together, and with other allies, as the existence of
a8 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Juty, ro25.
intermediates was formerly considered as evidence for uniting forms that
would otherwise have been considered distinct, but modern research has.
‘placed the matter ina new light. In Britain, the two species have been
so much confused that many of the old records are quite unreliable, and
some erroneous.
O. incarnata, however, is less widely diffused than O. latifolia, though:
locally abundant, as at Bransbury Marsh, Hampshire. Mansel-Pleydell
(Fl. Dorset, p. 257) gives seven districts in Dorset for O. latifolia, and five
for O. incarnata, but only one locality seems common to both. And he
certainly knew and expressly mentioned the flesh-coloured form, yet in the
first edition of his book (1874) he cited Syme, t. 1457, as O. incarnata, but
both he and Townsend wrongly followed Reichenbach | in including
O. foliosa, Soland., as a form of O. incarnata, for it is a Madeiran plant,
now well known in cultivation. O. incarnata is constitutionally distinct
from O. latifolia, for it dies out at Kew, either in ordinary soil or in.the
rockwork bog, while O. latifolia is easily grown. It would be interesting to
test the behaviour of O. preetermissa. RASS
ee
OponTIopA PapiLio.—Four very diverse forms of this striking
Odontioda were exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on June 2and
last by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate, to whom we
are indebted for a flower of each. The original appeared at the Temple
Show in 1911 (0.R., xix. pp. 181, 229), but since then others have bloomed,
illustrating once more the remarkable variation now ‘so familiar among
secondary hybrids. The parents are Cochlioda Neetzliana x Odonto-
glossum warnhamense (Hallii x nobile), and in the resulting seedlings the
original yellow and white ground colours have taken the opportunity of
again separating themselves, two being yellow and two white, all with
copious crimson-red markings. In one of the yellows the markings take the
form of partly confluent blotches, leaving sufficient yellow to give the
flower a very bright appearance, but in the other the overlying red colour 1§
very dark and suffused, except at the tips and upper margins. The yellow
comes out better on the lip. Both have the typical Odontioda shape, also
one of the two white grounds, and in this the blotches on the centre of
the petals are confluent in irregular lines, leaving elongated white areas
between, and giving a very distinct appearance to the Hower. The fourth
is larger, and has more of the Odontoglossum shape. In this the petals
have a large crimson, blotch above the middle, with several smaller ones
below, and the margins are prettily tinged with purple, a character which
also extends to the white of the lip. In all the spiny crest is bright yellow.
Three of the plants bore two fine spikes, and they formed a very charming
little group.
JuLy, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209.
Reisen MASDEVALLIA ROSEA. ISIOES |
ORE than one enquiry has been made as to. what has become of the
very distinct and charming Masdevallia rosea, of which a good
Ar
MASDEVALLIA ROSEA,
Fig. 29.
specimen grown in the collection of Major-Gen. C. B. Lucie-Smith, of
Worthing, is here represented. Well-flowered plants of its hybrid with
M. caudata, known as M. Courtauldiana, are frequently met with, but
210 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 1915,
M. rosea itself is very rarely seen. We believe that it requires particularly
cool treatment during the summer months, for it occurs at a high altitude
in Ecuador, and this particular specimen was grown outside from May to
‘October in a cool shady place, protected by a canvas screen. In any case
‘the species has disappeared from some collections where other Masdevallias
‘are successfully grown, and it would be interesting to know the reason
M. rosea is a native of the Eastern Andes of Ecuador and’ Colombia,
growing at an altitude of about 9,100 to 10,400 feet. Consul Lehmann, to
‘whom we owe its introduction to cultivation in 1879, states that it grows on
trees in dense and damp woods, in a mean annual temperature of from 50°
to 54° Fahr. It was originally described by Lindley from dried specimens
collected by Hartweg, about the year 1843.
By W. H. Wuite, for many years Orchid
late Sir ‘lrevor Lawrence, Bart., K
F CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY. j
Grower to the
-C.V:0,
wr such warm weather as has prevailed during the past few week
scarcely any fire-heat will be needed in the day time in either
division. In the East Indian house the hot-water pipes should, by night,
be made only just luke-warm, to assist in promoting a genial growing
temperature, and to cause the air and moisture to circulate freely amongst
the plants, and thus prevent spot occurring from the damp atmosphere
The temperature at night should be kept as near to 70° as possible, and the
lower ventilators should be left partly open whenever the weather is
suitable.
In the Cattleya house very little artificial heat will be needed at night
if the inside temperature keeps a trifle above 60°. Should, however, the
external air become damp and chilly, it will be advisable to make the pipes
luke-warm, otherwise the young growths of some of the Cattleyas and
Lelias may damp off. Afford the inmates as much fresh air as _ possible by
night as well as by day. These remarks apply also to the Mexican house.
The Intermediate house will need scarcely any fire-heat from this time, but
a free admission of air is necessary at all times.
The Odontoglossum house must also be freely ventilated, and, with the
exception of a few hours during the middle of the day, the atmosphere
should be kept well charged with moisture. Keep the plants well shaded
so long as the sun shines upon the roof. On span-roofed houses, fully
exposed to the sun all day, it is advisable to keep the temperature as low 45
possible, and where lattice-wood blinds are in use, it is beneficial to
supplement them with ordinary garden mats, placing these upon the glass
so that a current of air passes between them and the blinds.. If the sut
dhe teense eiabaeea Lil
to Ss a eee
JuLy, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 211
heat is extra powerful during the middle of the day, it is advisable to well.
damp the mats whenever they become dry; by this practice the inside
temperature may be kept 6° or 7° lower than the outside. Odonto-
glossums, when exposed to strong sunlight admitted through the lattice
wood blinds, often become red in the leaf, and the foliage does not last
nearly so long as if it maintained a fresh green appearance. It is not
always that these red-tinted leaves fall off during the summer months, but
a great number of them do during the autumn and winter, when fire-heat
becomes a necessity.
CypRIPEDIUMS.—Such dwarf-growing species as C. bellatulum, concolor,
niveum, Godefroye, and several of their hybrids, which have just passed
the flowering stage, may be repotted if they require it, not disturbing them
unnecessarily at the roots. The work needs the utmost care, the roots
being very brittle, and are often injured during the process. Previous to
repotting it is advisable to allow each plant to become rather dry.
Thriving specimens that require more space should have the old pot care-
fully broken, the stale and loose materials carefully removed, leaving the
drainage untouched if surrounded with living roots. Place the plants into
a larger pot, filling up rather more than half its depth with drainage
materials. For this purpose I have experimented with limestone, hard
chalk, broken bricks, charcoal, pieces of tufa rock, &c., but I have found
nothing more suitable than clean broken crocks, and for a compost, good
fibrous loam, freely intermixed with small crocks. In potting, keep the
base of the leaves about on a level with the rim of the pot, and the surface
of the compost about half an inch below, which will render watering an easy
matter. It is advisable to pack the compost quite firmly around the base
of the plants. Shallow pans are suitable receptacles for these plants, and,
with copper wire handles attached, are easily suspended within a foot or
eighteen inches of the roof glass. Cultivate these plants in a light
position in the Cattleya house, and they should be well supplied with water
all through the growing season, but the grower should remember to keep
them well on the dry side during the winter months. Thrips quickly
damage the young foliage, and should be frequently sought after, but where
the house is periodically vaporised there will be little need to do this, but
the leaves may be sponged over occasionally. In so doing much care must
be taken not to raise the succulent leaves above their own level, or the mid
rib will crack and the leaf become permanently injured.
CaTaseTuMs.—Catasetums, Cycnoches, Mormodes, and Cyrtopodiums
are now growing vigorously, and well-rooted plants need plentiful supplies
of water, but such plants that are not yet well established need watering
with great care. When in full growth these plants delight in abundance of
root moisture, but they should not be kept in a saturated condition for any
212 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JULY, 1915.
length of time, it being advisable to allow each plant to become quite dry
and then to afford sufficient water to thoroughly wet the compost. The
flower spikes generally appear as the pseudobulbs become matured.
Cyrtopodium send up their flower spikes in conjunction with the young
growths. When the plants are commencing to finish up their new pseudo-
bulbs, they should be exposed gradually to full sunshine, and be watered at:
the roots till the current season’s growths are ripe. At that stage the
leaves commence to turn yellow, and, if properly matured, soon fall off,
when root waterings should be gradually reduced. These plants grow best
on the lighter side of the house, and, if convenient, they should be
suspended from the roof with their foliage within one foot of the roof glass.
HABENARIAS.—Such species as H. militaris, H. rhodochila, H. carnea,
and the new H. Reebelenii are now in full growth, and need abundance of
water at the roots. As these plants are grown in a rather shallow layer of
compost, and the principal roots being on or just below the surface, the
potting materials dry very quickly, therefore the plants should be constantly
examined to see if water is necessary. Grow these Habenarias in the hottest:
house, and stand them on inverted pots close to the roof glass, or they may:
be suspended in shallow pans from the roof, so that they may obtain plenty»
of light, but not direct sunshine. Diffused light coming through open-
lattice wood blinds just suits their requirements, whereas they seldom”
produce fine heads of bloom or dwarf spikes when grown in dense shade.
A light spraying overhead several times a day, in bright weather, all
through the growing season is beneficial to them.
SCHOMBURGKIAS,—The different species of Schomburgkia, as S. tibicinus,
Kimballiana, Sanderiana, Humboldtii, Thompsoniana, Galleottiana, and
the rare S. Chionodora, which have hollow, horn-like pseudobulbs, require
much sunshine at all times, and as these plants are now commencing to ©
grow, they should be placed in the lightest position available in the hottest ~
house. They thrive equally well either in pots or baskets, but are more
easily managed under pot culture. S. Humbdldtii, owing to its scandent
habit of growth, is more at home when securely fastened to upright teak
rafts, and suspended close up to the roof glass. Schomburgkias prefer 4
shallow rather than a deep rooting medium, and this should consist of hard
Coarse osmunda fibre only, potting each plant with considerable firmness
Abundance of water is necessary all through the growing season, but when
the new pseudobulbs are fully made up considerably less moisture should
be oven Grow the plants where they may obtain almost uninterrupted —
sunshine, and plenty ot fresh air at all times. To ensure their flowering
regularly it is essential that the new growths should become thoroughly ,
matured, also that the plants be afforded a long decided rest. "When the
new growths commence to push out their bunches of numerous young roots,
Juty, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213
see that cockroaches and woodlice do not devour them. Those species
with fusiform pseudobulbs, as S. undulata and S. Lyonsii, will thrive under
similar conditions, but prefer a greater depth of soil. S. crispa succeeds
better in the Cattleya or Mexican house if given a very light position.
PLATYCLINIS.—Plants of P. filiformis are fast sending up their thin
thread-like flower stems, and the plants will benefit from a daily overhead
syringing till such time as the tiny flowers open. Plants of P. glumacea
that have finished their growth will henceforth need but little water at the
roots, but must not be allowed to suffer from excessive dryness. P,
Cobbiana and P. uncata require similar treatment. Sponge the leaves of
these plants occasionally to keep them free from red spider and other
insects. All the species of Platyclinis thrive well in a shady position in the
Intermediate house the whole year round. Formerly these plants, like a
great many other Orchids, were coddled and ruined by being grown in too
much heat and too little fresh air. Being natives of the Philippine Islands
it was considered necessary to give them very warm moist tropical treat-
ment, but the plants, as a rule, deteriorated gradually, and were always
infested more or less with insect pests. These pretty Orchids may be
repotted at the fading of the flower or at the commencement of growth.
Shallow pans are preferable to pots, as they are more easily suspended from
the roof, in which position the plants grow best. They root freely in a
mixture composed of equal parts of chopped osmunda fibre and sphagnum
moss. Freshly-potted plants should be very carefully watered, merely
spraying the surface of the compost to keep it moist, and afford a little
extra-shade until each plant becomes re-established.
CATTLEYA HOUSE.—lIn this house many species of Cattleya, Lelia, and
their “numerous hybrids have recently passed their flowering stage, and
those plants that need repotting should be attended to at once. When
repotting any of these plants the beginner should remember that over-potting
is an evil, and should be guarded against, the smaller the pot the better the
safeguard against injury from excessive water at the roots. For full
information as to repotting, compost, &c., the reader should refer to the
Calendar of Operations for May. At this season, probably owing to extra
sun-heat and drying winds, many of the plants, after being disturbed by
tepotting, will not appear quite so robust as usual, and in many cases the
back pseudobulbs, especially those without roots, will have become slightly
Shrivelled, but no harm will result if they are watered with care, and the
atmospheric conditions -of the house«are what they should be. As the
young growths lengthen, and roots become numerous in the fresh compost,
the shrivelled bulbs will soon regain their normal condition. It is not a good
practice to saturate repotted plants with the object of inducing the pseudo-
bulbs to retain their plumpness, because during the time the soil is wet,
214 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JULY, 1915.
the old roots are gradually but slowly decaying, and the new roots will not
thrive for long’in excessively wet material. Give the plants a nice evenly-
balanced growing atmosphere, especially in the afternoon and evening, and
plenty of fresh air at all times. Undoubtedly Cattleyas and Leelias
appreciate fresh air as much as any Orchids, in fact a great deal more ‘than
many growers would care to risk. Some of these plants that have been
repotted—C. Warneri, as an example—should, after making a quantity of
roots, be placed at the cooler end of the house, because, so far as growth is
concerned, the plants will be at rest. Lelia purpurata should not be
disturbed until growth commences. It is advisable to keep this plant fairly
cool also, and in a resting condition as long as possible, as the growths
that start away too early in the season are not so likely to produce flower
sheaths as those that push up later. C. Warscewiczii (gigas) and its
varieties are now coming into bloom, and should be kept at the warmer end
of the house, so that the flowers may develop properly. A little extra water
may be afforded to the roots till the flowers open, but when the plants
have flowered gradually expose the growths to more sun and air.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM.—Plants of this Mexican species in many
collections have passed their flowering season, and as the young growths
are making considerable headway, now is the time for repotting if
necessary. As the plants do not make many roots, receptacles of the
smallest size should be used. Shallow Orchid pans that may be suspended
_ from. the roof are preferable to baskets. Afford good drainage, and use
a shallow compost of osmunda fibre and At fibre, chopped up rather small
and well mixed together. Cut off all useless back bulbs, and pot each
plant quite firmly. Suspend the plants from the roof of the Mexican house;
and for a few weeks after root disturbance keep the surface of the compost
just moist. Towards the completion of growth the plants will take plenty
of water each time the soil becomes dry. O. citrosmum, like Lelia
anceps, requires a rather warm sunny position by day, but cooler and
moister conditions at night, with plenty of ventilation at all times. :
CooL HousE.—In this house plants of Odontoglossum grande,
Williamsianum, Insleayi, and Schlieperianum are growing freely, and any
that require larger pots should be attended to. A very porous compost of
osmunda fibre should be employed, for, although these plants require
copious waterings when in full growth, water should pass quickly through
the soil, as through a sieve, as the fleshy roots are liable to decay if the
compost becomes dense and saturated. See that no water, either from
drip or syringe, lodges in the growths, or they will probably damp off.
of these plants grow well on a high dry shelf in the Cool house, and they
need plenty of light when growing, but not direct sunshine. Slugs and
woodlice are fond of the tissues of the young growths, also the succulent
Juty, r915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215
roots, and must therefore be guarded against. Such plants as Lelia
pumila, prestans and their varieties are just commencing to grow, and if a
suitable position can be found for them in this house, where they can
obtain plenty of light, they may remain there until their flower buds.
appear, but as a rule the Cool house is rather too shady for them during
their growing period, and it may be preferable to remove them to a cool
part of the Intermediate house. The plants may be afforded fresh rooting”
material whenever new roots appear at the base of the current season’s
growth. These dwarf-growing plants are best cultivated in shallow pans,
that can be suspended close to the roof glass. The pretty white-flowered
Odontoglossum pulchellum may be repotted at this season. The plant
thrives well when potted firmly in well-drained osmunda fibre, and will
prosper well in a light position in this house during summer, but when the
nights become colder, it prefers a few degrees more warmth. Strong well-
rooted plants should have abundance of water whilst growing, but as soon
as growth is completed gradually lessen the amount, and afford the plant a
test by keeping the compost well on the dry side, as without a rest the
plant will not bloom satisfactorily.
L#&LIOCATTLEYA CLARKII.—Flowers of two interesting hybrids derived
from Cattleya intricata X Lelia purpurata are sent from the collection of
E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset. One of them originally flowered in
July, 1913, and was described in these pages (O.R., xxi. p. 278). The other
seedling has now bloomed, and agrees well with the original, though the
petals and lip are not quite as broad. Mr. Clarke gives the seed parent as
Cattleya intricata, though the point is not quite certain. It was purchased
as C. intermedia, and was no doubt imported for it, but on flowering it
proved quite distinct, and was noted at page 204 of our sixth volume under
the name of C. picturata, for it was thought that Mr. Clark’s plant was a
natural hybrid from C. guttata and C. intermedia, the two recorded parents.
of Messrs. Veitch’s C. picturata. C. scita, Rchb. f., is a natural hybrid
Supposed to have the same parentage, and appeared after C. picturata. It
is unfortunate that both plants have been lust sight of. Another possible
Cause of confusion is that C. guttata and C. Leopoldii were not
distinguished in the early records. The history of C. guttata was given at
page 318 of our last volume. All that is known of the origin of Mr. Clark’s
plant is that it came from the Robinow collection, but if it could be traced
to the island of Santa Catherina it would remove any doubt about its being
a form of C. intricata, and this would indicate the possibility of Lzlio-
Cattleya Clarkii occuring also as a wild plant,as was remarked when it was.
originally described. No further information, however, has appeared as to
the other plants then mentioned, which have probably been lost sight of.
216 THE.-ORCHID REVIEW [JULY 19t5.
|e| BOLI TIES. \é
HE first meeting after the Chelsea Show was held at the Royal
Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square Westminster, on June 8th, and
produced a very fine display of Orchids, including a most beautiftf! albino of
Cypripedium Curtisii from Messrs. Sander & Sons. The awards consisted
of eight medals—two of them from amateur exhibitors—three First-class
Certificates, and an Award of Merit. ;
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, F. M. Ogilvie, W. Bolton,
S. W. Flory, R. A. Rolfe, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander,
J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, Pantia Ralli, S. Low,
R. G. Thwaites, F. Sander, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
staged a very choice group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded.
It contained a cut spike of the handsome Eulophiella Peetersiana, some
good Odontoglossum crispum, a very fine hybrid of the O, Aglaon type,
Odontioda Charlesworthii, O. (?) var. Monte Rosa, having sepals and
petals mottled. with red and white, and the lip with a deep salmon-red
centre, Miltonia vexillaria Fowler’s var., a particularly fine rose-coloured
form, and several beautiful varieties of Cattleya Mossie? Of these C. M.
Venice was:a very richly-coloured form bearing four flowers, C. M. Sea —
Foam, a beautiful white with a few purple markings on the front of the lip,
and C. M. Arnoldiana Fowler’s var., a very fine form of the Reineckeana type-
W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. J. Howes), also
received a Silver Flora Medal for a very fine group of Odontoglossums,
notable among them being the richly-coloured O. eximium Walton Grange
var. with a spike of ten flowers, O. sceptrum aureum, O. Queen of Spain, 4
handsomely blotched flower, O. Aglaon, a_richly-coloured Odontioda
Goodsoniz, and others, most of them having been raised in the collection.
E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells
(gr. Mr. Young), sent a very beautiful example of Miltonia Charlesworthii
with four spikes, each bearing six light rose flowers with a very dark mask
at the base of the lip.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
sent the handsome Odontoglossum crispum Queen of Gatton, having 4
white ground colour with a large reddish-
also a good hybrid with purple flowers.
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent Odonto-
purple blotch on each segment,
JULY, 1915.] THE ORCHID : REVIEW. 217
glossum crispum Ernestii and O.c. President Fallieres, two handsomely
blotched forms; also Odontioda Joan vars. Rutilant and Fire King, the
former bright-red with a very broad lip, and the latter more claret-coloured.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill (gr. Mr. Han-
nington), staged a pretty little group of about fifteen seedling Cattleya
Mossize Wageneri, C. Dusseldorfii Undine, Lelia purpurata, and Odonto-
glossum Pescatorei virginale, pure white with a deep yellow crest to the lip.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group,
largely consisting of well-grown Miltonias, and including three beautiful
examples of M. Charlesworthii, a well-flowered M. Bleuana, M. vexillaria
2 .
Fig. 30. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PERFECT GEM (see page 219.)
magnifica and M. v. Lyoth, two very handsome pigs gene :
profusely flowered example of M. v. Cobbiana, two fine Leliocatt eya
Fascinator, Odontioda Brunette, a good plant of Masdevallia Courtauldiana,
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, and others (Silver Flora Medal). ame
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, on oi
several fine Odontoglossum crispum, O. percultum, O. Jasper, O ontiod
Charlesworthii and Goodsonie, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Miltonia
vexillaria, Oncidium Marshallianum, Leliocattleya Pascinator, a vases
plant of Cypripedium caudatum, some good Cattleya Mossize, Warscewiczil,
and others (Silv Medal).
aa age an Albans, also staged another fine group,
i i » finely-developed
including a plant of Coryanthes macrantha bearing a finely develope
218 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1915,
flower, some good Cattleya Mossie, Lzliocattleya Mauretania magnifica,
L.-c. Roger-Sander (L.-c. luminosa x C. Mossiz), L.-c. Acis, and L.-c.
Aphrodite, some good Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, Angreecum Scottii,
the rare . Sarcochilus unguiewlatus, Xylobium squalens, Ccelogyne
integerrima, Eria ornata, Dendrobium crystallinum, and other interesting
thing (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a fine group, including white
and coloured forms of Cattleya Mossiz, C. Dusseldorfii Undine, good
examples of Lelia purpurata, Trichopilia Backhouseana, Leeliocattleya
Cowanii, an orange-coloured form of Miltonioda Cooperi, two good
Sarcopodium acuminatum, Odontoglossum percultum sulphureum, a
pretty sulphur-coloured form with an occasional blotch on some of the
segments, O. Pescatorei and other good things (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a fine group, including
some excellent forms of Cattleya Mossiz# and Mendelii, Lzliocattleya
Aphrodite and Helius, the latter a good yellow hybrid, Chysis Sedenii,
Renanthera Imschootiana, a fine Oncidium Gardneri, O. Kramerianum, the
fragrant Epidendrum ionosmum, Vanda Parishii, V. ccerulescens; and
others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a group, including
a fine example of Odontoglossum Pescatorei with a branched inflorescence,
O. Hyeanum, and others, Odontioda Lutetia, Lambeauiana, and Charles-
worthii, some good Miltonia vexillaria and M. Hyeana, Cattleya Mossi,
Leliocattleya Aphrodite and Helius, the latter a good yellow, and others
(Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent two good examples of Disa Luna,
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri Langley var., a very fine thing, C. Dusseldorfii
Undine, Leliocattleya Domallus (Dominiana Xx Pallas), with lilac-coloured
sepals and petals and a rich purple lip, L.-c. apricosa (L.-c. Ophir X C-
Schroederz), having light buff ground colour, the petals tinged with purple,
and the lip with a zone of darker purple, and L.-c. Gladiator.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
CYPRIPEDIUM CuRTISII SANDERZ.—A very charming albino, bearing
four well-developed flowers, the dorsal sepal striped with green on a white
ground, and the rest of the markings green. The absence of the purple
colour extends to the leaves, and by this character it was picked out and
set aside three years ago for flowering. It has the strongly variegated
leaves of the C. Curtisii nobilior type. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons:
ODONTOGLOssUM MENIER var. ST.-VINCENT (gandavense x amabile).—
A handsome thing, having the sepals and petals tinged with lilac and much
blotched with claret colour below, while the lip is white in front and barred
with claret-purple behind. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
Juty, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219
OponTocLossum Princess Mary.—The handsome hybrid which
received an Award of Merit at the Chelsea Show (see page 186), and which
now gained the higher award. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
AWARD OF MERIT.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PERFECT GEM.—A very beautiful variety,
having broad white segments with a large purple blotch on each, forming a
zone of colour about the middle (see page 217, fig. 26). Exhibited by W.
Thompson, Esq.
The Orchid exhibits on June 22nd—the meeting preceding the Holland
House Show—were not numerous, and the awards consisted of two medals
to groups, and two Awards of Merit.
Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, Pantia Ralli, Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., T. Armstrong, Walter Cobb, J. Charlesworth,
W. H. Hatcher, Arthur Dye, S. W. Flory, C.. Je Lucas, ..W. Bolton,
R. Brooman White, Gurney Wilson, and J. Gurney Fowler.
W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. J. Howes),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of choice Odontoglossums in
well grown examples, with a plant of the beautiful white Dendrobium
Schuetzei bearing five large flowers. Among the Odontoglossums we noted
O. crispum Palatine, O. c. Dorothy Arkle, and a good white form, also.
several blotched hybrids.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
sent four distinct and beautiful forms of Odontioda Papilio which are noted
on page 208, a richly-coloured form of O. Margaret, Cattleya Mendelii
Lady Colman, a beautiful white with the front of the lip of a delicate rosy-
lilac shade, and a fine form of Leliocattleya Canhamiana.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent
a pretty blush pink form of Cattleya Mendelii, a good C. Mossia Wagenerl,
Brassocattleya Princess Elizabeth, Odontoglossum Ceres, and two others
which gained awards.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
staged a small group, including four seedling Cattleya Mossize Wagenerl,
and two or three good coloured forms, Lzliocattleya Canhamiana and L.-c-
Cowanii, a seedling Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, white with two
small yellow spots on the lip, and two Odontoglossum Lambeauianum.
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a small group of good
things, several examples of Cattleya Mossiz, Mendelii, and Warscewiczil,
the rare C. Whitei, three Renanthera Imschootiana, Lzliocattleya Cowanil,
Rhyncostylis retusa, Oncidium pulvinatum, and a few others, (Silver
Banksian Medal).
22> THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1915
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, sent a home-raised form of Lelio-
cattleya Gottoiana (L. tenebrosa x C. Warneri), with five large purple
flowers.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
LA&LIOCATTLEYA CANHAMIANA FowWLER’s VAR. (L. purpurata X C,
Mossiz).—A very fine variety, bearing an inflorescence of three very richly-
coloured flowers. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. ;
ODONTIODA RED-Cross (Oda. Goodsoniw x Odm. armainvillierense).
—A charming hybrid, having rich red flowers with a narrow margin, and
the lip broad, blotched with red on a white ground, and the crest yellow.
The lip shows a strong resemblance to O. Pescatorei, which comes in
through both the parents. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
MANCHESTER AND NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday,
June 3rd, the members of Committee present were: R. Ashworth, Esq,, (in
the Chair), Messrs. J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. Hanmer,
A. R. Handley, Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton,
S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.). |
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), and to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr.
Lupton), for very fine miscellaneous groups.
A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury
(gr. Mr. Rogers), for a very fine series of Miltonia vexillaria varieties, with
Odontiodas, Anguloa Clowesii, and Coelogyne' pandurata.
Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
Messrs. Sander’& Sons; St.“Albans; and The-Liverpool. Orchid & Nursery
Co., Gateacre, for fine groups.
Interesting exhibits were sent by Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr.
J. W. Fletcher), S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Field), Messts-
Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons,
Bradford, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri Ashlands var., a large white flower, with
distinct markings in the throat, and Miltonia Hyeana Ashlands var.
(vexillaria G. D. Owen x Bleueana Stevensii), from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Mossiz alba var. Mrs. R. le Doux, a fine flower with good lip,
from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Cattleya Warneri alba memoria A. C. Madoux, from Messrs. Stuart
Low & Co.
AWARDS OF Merir,
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Scipio, Cattleya Mendelii King
JuLy, 1915.J THE ORCHID REVIEW. 22F
Albert, Lzeliocattleya Fascinator var. Mermaid, and L.-c. Cowanii Ashlands.
var., from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Mossiz Reineckiana Marlfield var., and Magali Sander, from
Mrs. R. le Doux.
Cattleya Mendelii Fascination, and Sophrocattleya Thwaitesii Jarvis-
brook var., from Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.
Maxillaria Sanderiana, from Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons.
Odontoglossum crispum Irene, from Mr. W. Shackleton.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. W. W. Field, gr. to S. Gratrix, Esq., for a fine example of
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum.
OMISSION From LasT REPORT.
The Sander Prizes for the past session were won as follows: Ist and
2nd prizes were divided between Messrs. W. Gilden (gr. to R. Ashworth,,.
Esq.) and J. Lupton (gr. to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P.), who tied with equal
points ; 3rd prize to Mr. J. Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq.
‘The following Competitions havé been arranged for the session, and the
Committee desire to express their thanks to the donors :—
Messrs. Cypher & Son’s Gold Medal and Prize to Gardener, for arrange-
ment.
Mr. J. J. Bolton’s Medals and Prizes to Gardeners, for Cypripediums.
Botanic Society of Manchester’s Gold Medal, for Odontiodas, Miltonias,.
a
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.’s Objet d’Art and Prize to Gardener, for
New Plants.
Mr. A. Hanmer’s Silver Cup and Prize to Gardener, for most points:
during the session.
Messrs. Hassall & Co.’s Silver Cup and Prize to Gardener, for Cattleyas.
Mr. J. J: Oakshott’s Prizes to Gardeners, for Culture.
Mr. P. Smith’s Prizes to Gardeners, for Groups.
Mr. Z. A. Ward’s Silver Trophy and Prize to Gardener, for Odonto-
glossums.
The Society’s Medals will also be awarded as previously.
In the event of a First-class Certificate being awarded, the owner of
the plant is asked to present a true Painting of the flower to the Society.
At the meeting held on June 17th the members of Committee present
Were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher,
J. Evans, P. Foster, A. Hanmer, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, F. K. Sander,
W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Black-
burn (gr. Mr. Lupton), for a very fine miscellaneous group.
222 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FoLy, ross,
Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. W. Gilden), and A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester (gr. Mr. B. Wilson),
for fine general groups.
Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, and Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans,
for fine groups.
Interesting. exhibits were sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall,
Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr.
W. Field), Thos. Butler, Esq., Pleasington, P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson), and Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons,
Bradford, several of which appear in the Award List.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Odontoglossum Rolfez,
amabile, and Harryano-triumphans; Odontioda Schrcederi var. virginale;
L.-c. Martinetii; Dendrobium Thwaitesiz Veitch’s var., and others.
FIRST-CcLAss CERTIFICATES.
Cattleya Mossize Wageneri Baron Schréder’s var., a well-shaped form,
with the yellow markings on the lip very pronounced, and C. Sybil var.
R. Ashworth, from R. Ashworth, Esq. Se |
Cypripedium Curtisii Sanderze (the albino of the type), the flowers of a
green shade, with a good margin of white on the upper sepal and tips of
the petals, from S. Gratrix, Esq. A Silver Medal was also awarded.
Cattleya Mossiz pleasingtonensis, a fine well-set flower, with white
sepals and petals, and the lip with yellow lines in the throat, from
T. Butler, Esq.
AWARDS OF MeERIT.
Odontoglossum Cobbiz Ashlands var. (Pescatorei Charlesworthii X —
amabile), O. Lambeauianum var. Lord Kitchener, and O. ardentissimum
€xpansum, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Thurgoodiana Haddon House var. (Lueddemanniana X
Hardyana), from P. Smith, Esq. ie
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. @
To Mr. E. Rogers, for a plant of Phalenopsis amabilis Rimestadiana,
“with a branched spike carrying 46 flowers, a Bronze Medal being also
awarded,
CORYANTHES MACRANTHA.—A fine plant of this remarkable Orchid was
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons at the R:H.S. meeting held on
July 8th, and it has bloomed twice at Kew within the last few weeks. It
is one of several remarkable Orchids that in their native homes ate
usually guarded by a garrison of ants, these finding a congenial home
among the roots, and in return protecting the plant from the attacks of
cockroaches. An illustration of Coryanthes macrantha at home was give?
Juty, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223
at page 41 of our third volume, with a very interesting note by Mr. James
Rodway as to the natural conditions under which it grows. The details
of the fertilisation of the flowers by bees are not less remarkable than their
structure, and are given at page 338 of our second volume.
eices| ORCHIDS AT KEW. Bae |
EVERAL very interesting Orchids are in bloom in the Kew collection.
A plant of the rare Central American Epidendrum porpax is flowering
very freely, its short-scaped, solitary purple flowers recalling to some extent
the smaller E. Matthewsii, both of them belonging to the section Nanodes.
Camarotis obtusa is another rarity, a native of the Himalayan district, and
recalling somewhat C. purpurea, but bearing drooping spikes of light rosy
flowers with a large orange-colonred crest on the lip, which gives it a very
distinct appearance. Oncidium Waluewa isa charming little thing, bearing
a short panicle of flowers barred with purple on a white ground. It was
made a distinct genus by Regel, but the flowers are almost identical in
shape with those of the Oncidium pubes set. Eulophia paniculata is a
distinct Madagascar plant bearing rather narrow, somewhat mottled leaves,
and a tall panicle, nearly six feet high, of light green flowers, with some
_white and purple on the lip. Pleurothallis lilacina is a Brazilian species
having broad fleshy leaves and a profusion of short spikes of lilac-purple
flowers, the whole plant only a few inches high. Listrostachys
forcipata is bearing five spikes of its very pretty semi-pellucid white flowers,
and its equitant leaves recall those of Oncidium iridifolium, to which it
bears some resemblance in habit.
Megaclinium minutum is one of the smallest species in the genus, and
is bearing several spikes of its red-purple flowers, situated on either side of
a curious flattened rachis of similar colour, making it quite an attractive
little plant. Nephelaphylium pulchrum vat. sikkimense is the Sikkim form
of a Malayan species, from which it differs somewhat in its stouter habit.
The leaves are variegated, and the flowers are borne in a short erect spike.
Schomburgkia Thompsoniana, a species from the Cayman Islands, in the
West Indies, is producing a panicle of yellowish flowers with the front lobe
of the lip blackish purple in colour. Another rare and interesting plant is
Catasetum Bungerothii aureum, one of the handsomest of the Catasetums,
now bearing several large light yellow flowers. A plant of Bulbophyllum
viridiflorum is bearing a fine umbel of large green flowers, and the way
they radiate in a whorl, with the dorsal sepals thrown back and forming
a pyramid in the centre, is very striking. The yellow Trichopilia
Galeottiana is one of the rare kinds, and is in bloom near a plant of T.
tortilis, while hanging up near by are plants of Stanhopea gibbosa and the
224 . THE. ORCHID REVIEW. [Jury, IQI5+
remarkable Coryanthes macrantha, one of the largest and most remarkable
species of this quaint genus. Many others could be enumerated, and there
is a fine display of the usual showy species of the season.
¢| ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. ¥
HE next ordinary meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be
held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster,
on July zoth, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o’clock noon. There are meetings of Special Societies on two other
dates, but the Orchid Committee will not meet again until the bape
meeting on August 4th.
The Manchester & North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings
at. the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 8th and 22nd. The
Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from
I to 4 o'clock p.m.
A flower of Lzeliocattleya Hoylei has been sent by Mr. Alwyn Harrison,
Hame, Redbourne, Herts. It is a very promising hybrid raised by him
from Leeliocattleya Martinetii x Sunset, and may be described as flame
coloured, with a light purple front lobe to the lip. The latter is more open
than in many hybrids derived from Lelia cinnabarina, and the flower is
large and very attractive.
S| ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. ig
[Orchids are named _ A cxsgpniceed answered here as far as possible. Corre. spondents he
requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard 4
sent if a reply by post is ie (abroad, reply p feshaahd should be used). Subjects of pecia
interest will be dealt with in the body of the w an Rk].
J.H.—Angrzecum armeniacum, Lindl.
W.B.—Dendrobium clavatum, Wall.
—Epidendrum ae icum, Batem. The Castasetum could abroeggeg gre be
t.D.AC.
identified from a dried flower, and we shall be pleased to make the attempt. aste
Skinneri oe only differs foes the type in the absence of colou
C.A. robably Gongora bufonia, Lindl. Please do not i flowers in cotton wool
unless first chive in tissue paper. We shall be pleased to name others
’.L.—We will report on the plant in a post or two.
G.E.S.—A dil of Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, but the other parent is uncet-
tain at ee
F.J.H.—Dendrohium speciosum, Sm., an Australian species. It is interesting to know
that it grows par at La Mortola.
= 386 a
_ ie Oo ears
r Che Orchid Review .
». VoL. XXIII. Aucust, 1915. ‘No. 272. >
Rien OUR NOTE BOOK. ae
CCASIONALLY a horticultural meeting is distinguished by the
appearance of some great outstanding novelty, and this was the
case with the R.H.S. meeting held on June 8th last, when Messrs. Sander
& Sons exhibited a beautiful albino of Cypripedium Curtisii bearing four
flowers. It was called C. Curtisii Sander, and received the award of a
First-class Certificate. The purple of the type has completely disappeared,
leaving a clear green and white flower, comparable with C. callosum
Sandere as regards colour, but with the characteristic shape of C. Curtisii.
It was picked out of a batch of C. Curtisii received three years ago on
account of the absence of purple from the leaves, in which case it is.
analagous with C. callosum Sandere and C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and
it is now proved that the albinism is equally perfect in the flower. It is a
valuable acquisition to the group of summer-flowering forms. The ivory-
white marbling and bright green reticulation of the leaves is also very
beautiful.
The Great Summer Show at Holland House was marked by the
appearance of a splendidly-grown Odontoglossum from the collection of
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., to which both a First-class Certificate and a
Lindley Medal were given, the latter in recognition of its excellent culture.
It was originally raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., from Odontoglossum
Rolfeze crossed with some other O. Harryanum hybrid, and received an
Award of Merit two years earlier. It possesses a most robust constitution,
and on this occasion bore a strong branched panicle, with twenty-eight
flowers. Their character may be seen in the figure given on page 240.
This meeting produced a very fine display of Orchids, and was favoured
by brilliant weather on the opening day. Ten fine groups were staged,
mostly by trade growers, but the one from Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., to
which a Gold Medal was awarded, ably maintained the reputation of
amateur exhibitors. The arrangement of the groups was of that excellent
kind which we have been taught to expect of recent years. As regards
225
226 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1915
their composition it may be said that summer-flowering hybrids were
represented in great force, and an introduction of Anguloa Cliftonii, has
led to a great increase in the exhibits of this striking species, while Messrs.
Sander & Sons sent a remarkable natural hybrid from the importation that
is described on page 255. Perhaps the other most outstanding plant was
the beautiful albino Lzliocattleya Fascinator-Mossiz var. Moonlight, for
which Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. received an Award of Merit. It bore
only two flowers and has probably not yet reached its full development.
The next meeting was marked by the appearance of another remarkable
plant, under the name of Bulbophyllum Balfourianum, for which Messrs.
Sander & Sons received an Award of Merit. It is a native of New Guinea,
and much resembles the striking B. Fletcherianum in habit and in its curious
glaucous leaves. The sepals, however, are considerably shorter, giving a
different appearance to the flowers. These, apart from shape, are not
unlike those of a Stapelia, being closely dotted with lurid purple on a pale
yellowish ground. The odour serves to complete the resemblance. A
description will be found on page 256. :
So much for the meetings, but objects of interest may be met with
elsewhere, as witness the following note ‘from an interesting article by
G. G. Desmond, entitled “ Out of doors in July.” He remarks :—
“T have just partaken in an exciting flower pilgrimage. A friend of mine,
who has known it long, took me to the habitat of Cephalanthera rubra, the
rose-pink helleborine. Happy the readers who know where to find so rare
a thing. For it is not only hard to meet with, but one of the most
strikingly beautiful of all wild flowers.” |
Some of our Orchidists might perhaps not share the opinion, but it 18
certainly a charming little plant, and we can understand the enthusiasm
with which its appearance would be welcomed in the one solitary locality
in which it is native in Britain, and among its native surroundings. Long
may it flourish there! On the Continent the plant is well known, but our
single British station should be rigorously preserved. ‘
Speaking of British Orchids reminds us that there are several which are
excessively rare or local, in some cases both. Malaxis paludosa is a tiny
little plant found Only in a few boggy districts, and there inconspicuous
enough to be overlooked unless specially looked for. Liparis Loeselii is
another rarity of which some time ago we received a living example from
Norfolk. Orchis purpurea, Simia, and hircina are occasionally met with
on the chalk, and Epipogon aphyllum is believed to be extinct. The latter
remarks recalls an interesting press-cutting which must be deferred.
AuGusT, rgrs | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 227
z 7 :
Ea THE MECHANISM OF HEREDITY. ee
(Concluded from page 200).
E have now seen how the process of sexual reproduction grew directly
out of the earlier process of reproduction by vegetative bipartition,
and by a series of progressive modifications, beginning with the fusion of
two specialised motile cells that are externally indistinguishable, and ending
with those between which the widest diversity exists. In its initial stages
the new process probably began as a reaction against seasonal exhaustion,
for it has been observed in primitive groups that when these specialised
cells (gametes) fail to conjugate they are subsequently able to vegetate
independently, though they do not acquire the vigour of individuals formed
by the new method. It is the union of these specialised cells into a new
body, called the zygote, which thenceforth is able to develop into a new
individual, that introduces the sexual process. All earlier cells’ are
produced by vegetative bipartition, a process that ultimately leads to
exhaustion, and against which the sexual method may be regarded as a
reaction, for in the higher groups the gametes completely lose the power of
independent growth.
The union of the gametes takes place by the fusion of the nuclei and
the contained chromosomes, and here we see the significance of the
reduction division that has already been mentioned. The union of two
nuclei doubles the number of chromosomes, and were the process repeated at
ach conjugation it would soon lead to an impossible condition of things.
This is provided against by the particular division of the nucleus known
as the reduction division, which results in the gamete having only half as
many chromosomes as the vegetative cell, and at the same time limits the
power of independent growth in the gamete until the normal number of
It is a fundamental distinction,
chromosomes is restored in the sexual act.
that has been retained by the nucleus through its ever-increasing complexity
in the higher groups. The change is itself an adaptation, and it is not
difficult to form an inference as to the way in which it has been brought
about. ;
The next consideration is that the two conjugating cells, however
diverse in size and appearance they may be, take an equal part in forming
the characters of the new individual, and this results from the fact that it is
the nucleus that is the bearer of hereditary qualities. The female cell is
chiefly differentiated by possessing a mass of nutrient matter, called
cytoplasm, whose chief function is the nourishment of the new organism.
In the male cell no such provision is necessary, hence the cytoplasm is
228 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1915.
reduced to a slender layer separating the nucleus from the cell wall. But
whether the two conjugating cells are externally similar or widely diverse
the ultimate result is the same, and the question is what are the events
which precede and follow the fusion of the nuclei, for the two are only
phases of the same question. The later phase may be taken first.
The nucleus of the cell is a very definite organ, and has been
defined as consisting ofa fine network of fibres and a definite number
of bodies called chromosomes, supposed to be the bearers of hereditary
qualities. The gametes are only specialised sexual cells, and_ their
nuclei are only differentiated from the vegetative nucleus by their condition
and behaviour. Their union originates a new vegetative nucleus, which,
after an indefinite number of divisions by vegetative bipartition, again
produces sexual nuclei, and thus the changes are rung from generation
to generation.
The fusion of two nuclei in the sexual act is followed by a period of
quiescence, during which a new cell-wall is formed round the combined
protoplasmic mass, and the fibres of the united nuclei go through a
complicated process of development, by which they are completely
incorporated together before starting on their new cycle of vegetative “
activity. This is the act which, after a longer or shorter period of
quiescence, originates the new generation. One cannot watch the phases
of the process, but the details have been gathered from the observations of
numerous independent experimenters in this difficult field, many of which
have tended to confirm or amplify the records of previous observers. If one
could place the cells and their nuclei in a sort of observatory hive, and
watch their workings in the field of a powerful microscope, one might
describe how it all takes place. As it is, inferences must be made from
observed facts, which are rapidly accumulating.
The broad results are open for everyone to read, and nothing is more
familiar than the way the members of the vegetable kingdom develop
from the seeds of a previous generation, and how they produce flowers
and seed for a future one; or, again, the various ways in which they
may be propagated asexually by sub-division, as cuttings, buds, grafts, and.
other methods of horticultural practice.
We must now return to the earlier but unfamiliar phase of sexual
reproduction, represented by the reduction division, and this brings us to
the question of hybridisation and reversion, with which we started out.
The phenomena of reversion can only be demonstrated where the parents
possess visibly distinct characters, and nothing is now more familiar
to hybridists. The cause, however, is still to be largely inferred from the
effects, hence the wide diversity of opinion that has been expressed upon
the subject. One thing, however, is clear, and that is that the cause of
AUGUST, 1915.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229
variation and reversion is associated with details introduced by the sexual
process or with the phenomena that precede it.
When gametes produced by distinct species fuse together the result is a
hybrid, in which the characters of the two parents are combined, often
forming a more or less intermediate blend. It matters not—as a general
rule—which parent was the seed bearer, for in the majority of cases
reciprocal crosses are substantially identical, as also are successive crosses
obtained between normal individuals of the same two species. Such
hybrids are termed primary hybrids, and their behaviour indicates clearly
that the mere act of crossing is not the cause of variation.
But when primary hybrids are self-fertilised or recrossed with their
parents, or with something else, the result is usually a batch of hybrids
showing great diversity, and this variety indicates a want of uniformity in
the characters of the gametes from which they were derived, and shows
that something has happened in the interval between the origination of the
hybrid and the formation of its reproductive cells. This condition of things
either indicates an imperfect blending of the original conjugating nuclei or
a separation of characters when the hybrid comes to form its own repro-
ductive cells, which are known collectively as the germ plasm. The former
is almost certainly the case, though either would indicate incompatability
between characters derived from distinct ancestries. Incompatability
would manifest itself at once, and would naturally be reflected in the
teduction division. Indeed, incompatability can often be witnessed, when
characters and tissues from diverse ancestries are developed side by side,
thus demonstrating the well-known phrase that a hybrid is a mosaic.
A complete blending of character would result in a batch of uniform
secondary hybrids, and Mendel himself appreciated the fact when he pointed
out that hybrids in which the diverse elements were permanently accom-
modated together reproduced themselves true from seed, and had all the
attributes of species. It is often assumed that it is in the reduction
division that the redistribution of characters takes place, and that it is
governed by nothing stronger than the law of chance. If the former
condition has no stronger element of probability than the second we should,
in the absence of positive evidence, unhesitatingly reject it. Nature under-
stands her own business better than that. Hybridisation is not a new
Process, it merely unites gametes of diverse instead of the same ancestry,
and all its processes are otherwise identical. ;
Another point that tells in favour of this contention is the substantial
identity of the phenomena indicated with the separation of mixed character
seen in sports and in graft hybrids, in which the aid of a reduction division
Cannot be invoked. Sports are almost invariably seen in plants of mixed
ancestry—hybrids or hybrid derivatives—while graft hybrids combine
230 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGuSsT, 1915.
protoplasms of diverse origin by a non-sexual process. This identity is not
always admitted, and we have seen attempts to produce the graft hybrid
known as Cytisus Adami by sexual means, though without success. The
inference is that the obstacle is a mechanical, not a physiological one, and
such obstacles are not unfamiliar to hybridists. Several other graft hybrids
are known, and it would be interesting to attempt to reproduce them by
the sexual method, for mechanical obstacles may not always exist. Their
constancy from seed might also be tested, for we believe that some of them
are fertile. The experiment has failed with Cytisus Adami, because its
flowers are barren, while the branches that revert to the yellow Laburnum
produce seeds in the ordinary way.
A final question remains for consideration, namely, the precise way in
which the hereditary qualities are borne by the chromosomes, but this would
lead us too far into the regions of speculation. The number of chromosomes
among plants bears no definite relation to the number of characters
possessed by the individual, being generally much fewer, and the loss of @
character does not involve the corresponding less of a chromosome. The
question of chromosomic development is now being extensively investigated
in connection with the origin of mutations, but the results, so far as we have
been able to gather, do not throw much light upon the question of reversion
among secondary hybrids.
We are inclined to regard reversion as a mere accidental accompaniment
of a fundamental process, a sort of by-product of sexuality due to imperfect
blending or re-separation through incompatability of hereditary qualities
derived from diverse ancestries. Sexuality arose directly from the earlier
method of reproduction by vegetative bipartition, and as a means of
recovering exhausted vitality, probably due to seasonal variation. At first
a mere protective phase, the advantages secured by this combination of
forces were such as to secure its continuance, and by progressive develop-
ment under changing environment it has come to replace more and more
the older method, while disadvantages have been got over by the disap-
pearance of unsuccessful combinations under the evolutionary process.
The nucleus of the vegetative cell gives rise to the reduced nucleus of
the gametes in the germ plasm, and the gametes which unite to form the new
individual may be those of the same or of a diverse species, according to
opportunity. In the latter case a hybrid is formed, in which incompat-
ability may manifest itself, and this would result in the production of
gametes of diverse character when the germ plasm came to be formed,
and their subsequent union in the sexual process would inevitably produce the
phenomena of variation and reversion with which we are now so familiar ip
batches of secondary hybrids. Species produce uniform gametes, hence the
degree of uniformity seen among primary hybrids. R.A.
AUGUST, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231
ces | ORCHID EXHIBITS FIFTY YEARS AGO. Z|
HE reports of some of the early meetings of the R.H.S. stand in the
- greatest contrast with those of to-day, and an account of a “‘ Scientific
Meeting,” held on June 18th, 1867, will be read with interest. The
occasion was a lecture by Mr. James Bateman, with Sir R. Murchison in
the Chair, and was preceded by some remarks on the plants exhibited,
which was then one of the features of the meetings—short ‘‘ lecturets’’ they
have been called, in which,Mr. Bateman succeeded in conveying ‘‘a great
deal of valuable and interesting information in a pleasant gossiping style.”
The report is taken from the Gardeners’ Chromicle.
Mr. Bateman said. that though all knew the splendid specimens of
Orchids which Mr. Anderson, Mr. Dawson’s gardener at Meadow Bank,
was in the habit of exhibiting from time to time, yet he had never seen
finer than those which he exhibited on this occasion. Beautiful as his
bunch of Odontoglossum Pescatorei was, it only represented a fraction of
the blossom on the plant from which it was cut, and on which no less than
300 flowers were counted. But glorious as Mr. Anderson’s Odontoglossum
was, even it was surpassed by the cut specimen of Aérides Fieldingii from
Lord Egerton of Tatton, which was the most magnificent example of that
species which had ever been exhibited, and to which, on the recommenda-
tion of the Floral Committee, the Lindley medal had been awarded. Mr.
Bateman then noticed two or three small species of Orchids, and especially
the little carmine-coloured Odontoglossum roseum, which, though beautiful
in minimis, as now exhibited for the first time, would present a still more
striking appearance when larger specimens were obtained. Miltonia.
spectabilis, of which his own gardener had sent a fine variety, called rosea,
was mentioned, as having been obtained from Brazil by Messrs. Low;
likewise the Mexican Epidendrum vitellinum, from Mr. Anderson, which
was figured twenty-five years ago by Dr. Lindley, from dried specimens ;
but when the plant was flowered seven years later by Mr. Barker, everyone
considered the drawing exaggerated, so poor were the blossoms then.
Now, however, that the cultivation of the plant—which comes from an
elevation of 7,000 to 8,000 feet—is conducted on the cool, that is the
sensible, mode of treatment, the original representation was seen to fail in
doing justice to its beauty. Beautiful, however, as Mr. Anderson’s example
of this Epidendrum was, Mr. Bateman said he had seen one far superior a
day or two before at Mr. Day’s at Tottenham. Dendrobium Bensonize
from Messrs. Veitch was a very promising addition to that beautiful genus.
Coming now to the immediate object of his lecture, Lelia majalis,
or Flore de Maio, it was, he said, one of the few Orchids that was fortunate
232 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Aucust, 1915.
in having a history as well as a name—in fact many names, the native one
being Itzumaqua ; besides which it had two or three Spanish, and three or
four Latin names. It was all very well for old Rumphius to say that
Orchids are the aristocrats of the vegetable kingdom, but not one in a
hundred of them had ever been heard of before the present century, and in
classical or heroic ages they were unknown. No one, not even the
Chairman, had ever found a fossil Orchid. Any Orchid, then, whose
history could be traced back to the conquest of America would hold a
distinguished place. ;
It had been said that when the French took possession of a settlement
the first thing they did was to establish a café, just as in a like manner the
Spaniards where in the custom of erecting a church. For the elaborate
services of these churches the Spaniards, being ignorant of the resources of
their new possessions, at first carried with them their old world flowers;
but they soon discovered the value of Orchids for church decoration. In
connection with this part of his ‘subject he might mention that his late
friend, Mr. Skinner, had sent home from Guatemala some bulbs, which
proved to be no other than the common white lily, which had doubtless:
been taken out for the very purpose, and had run wild. The value of
Orchids for church decoration having been discovered, they were largely
employed for the purpose, and the names of the saints’ days, and festivals
for which their flowering season suited, were applied to them, and of these
Mr. Bateman cited a number, of which “Flore de Maio” was one.
Knowing the extensive use of Orchids in church decoration, Mr. Skinner,
when he wanted to know what Orchids grew in a district, always went to
the church to look at the altar decorations. | Bi:
To proceed with the history of Lelia majalis, the first naturalist who
went to Mexico was Hernandez, who published, in 1648, at Rome, a book,
in the frontispiece of which two Orchids were represented, one of which was
the beautiful Laelia majalis. Humboldt was the next to notice it, under
the name of Bletia speciosa, as one of those beautiful Orchids, the
recollection of which, as he was once assured by that illustrious traveller
himself, no time could efface. About the same time Lexarza, who went out
to Valladolid, in the province of Mechoacan, failing to recognise the plant
as described by Humboldt, called it Bletia grandiflora. His discription of
this and other Orchids so impressed the youthful Reichenbach _that he
wanted to visit Mexico himself; but this proved unnecessary, for Mr.
Barker dispatched a traveller thither, who sent a number of plants of the
Lelia, which, arriving in mid-winter, were sent home in blankets, but none
of them ever flowered, and the whole of them disappeared in a year or two.
Next, M. Deschamps, in 1837, brought home a cart-load, for which he at
first asked enormous prices, but eventually he was glad to sell the plants
AUGUST, I915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233
almost for nothing. These, too, all disappeared without flowering, except
one which was purchased by Mr. Dillwyn Llewellyn, and which was
figured in the Orchids of Mexico and Guatemala (t. 23), and by Dr. Lindley
in the Botanical Register (1844, t. 30). The drawing in the former work
was made under Dr. Lindley’s direction, and, under some misapprehension,
three flowers were represented on the scape; but never, except under
exceptional circumstances, did it produce more than one.
Just as Humboldt failed to make his description intelligible to Lexarza,
so did the latter to Lindley, who called the plant first Cattleya Grahami, and
Fig. 31. LLIA MAJALIS.
‘A group grown in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. E.
Rogers, under conditions described at page 256 of our ninth volume. These, it will
be noted, differ considerably from the treatment here described by Mr. Bateman.
afterwards Leelia majalis, and though Reichenbach wishes to go back to
Bletia speciosa, Lelia majalis it is to cultivators,
He would wish it to be noticed that while Lexarza described the flowers
specimens were not a
and so it ever will be.
as a span across in their native wilds, Mr. Dawson's
whit inferior. He also pointed out that the Romish festival of Corpus
Christi (whence the Lelia derives its name of the “ Flor di Corpus”) took
place that very week. :
Mr. Bateman said that he approached, and not without perplexity, the
subject of the treatment best adapted for this beautiful Lzlia, the more so
234 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, gts.
as it perhaps ought to be considered typical of the proper regime in what was
called the ‘‘ Mexican,” as contradistinguished from the Peruvian and other
cool houses. At present the treatment pursued with so much success by
Mr. Anderson (Mr. Dawson’s gardener) varied considerably from that
followed by Messrs. Backhouse, of York, who had also succeeded. in
flowering the plant, and with whom that, if possible, still more glorious
Orchid, Epidendrum erubescens (the “Flor de San Joseph” of the
natives), was likewise coming in flower. Mr. Anderson grows his plants on
flat pieces of tile of the same form as the tiles of a house, only some-
what smaller, but the branch-Orchid pots would be found to answer
the purpose still better. They are in a low span-roofed house, the’
temperature of which fell sometimes to the freezing point during the late
winter, while in summer, when the sun is vertical, the temperature
rises to 80° or more in the day, the house being moderately damp and
close, especially at night, when, at this season of the year, it is —
as cool as possible.
The summer treatment of Messrs. Backhouse’s (which Mr--B. gave, in
the words of a letter from Mr. Wentworth Buller, who has lately visited
their establishment), was different in many respects from that of Mr.
Anderson, the temperature being lower, the atmosphere drier, and air
admitted very freely indeed. Probably it may be found that the success
achieved by both these eminent Orchid-growers was in a great measure due
to the very decided winter, which, in each case alike, the plants were
subjected to.
As regards the summer treatment, there can be no doubt that a plant
which—like the Lzlia—was distributed over a large portion of Mexico, had
to submit to many varieties and vicissitudes of climate. Plants, as the late
Dean Herbert remarked, do not always grow where they like, but where
other plants will let them, and this may be to some extent the case with
the Lelia. At all events there can now be no doubt whatever that this
most beautiful plant is amenable to cool treatment, and with it there will
soon be associated (in the Mexican house) a very extensive brigade of
beautiful Orchids, which can be tended and enjoyed in a house. of which
the atmosphere may be as mild and pleasant as that of an ordinary
greenhonse.
The Chairman, in returning Mr. Bateman the thanks of the meeting
for his interesting lecture, said that though a fossil Orchid had never
yet been discovered, he would endeavour to stimulate geologists to
search after such, and did not despair of finding such a thing when
the geology of the countries where Orchids now abound was thoroughly
investigated.
Two Orchids presented by Messrs.:H. Low & Co.,. were balloted for.
AuGust, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235
By W. H. WHITE, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
: CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST.
ENDROBIUMS.—The season is now approaching when many of the
deciduous Dendrobiums will be completing their growth, and when
this has been fully made it is necessary to remove the plants to a cooler
and drier atmosphere, where they may receive the benefit of extra sunlight
and air, so as to consolidate and thoroughly bring the newly-made growths
to maturity. It is not always advisable to remove Dendrobiums from their
growing quarters immediately they appear to have finished growth, for it is
just about that time that the roots, which have proceeded at an earlier
stage from the base of the new growths, become very active, not only in
lengthening themselves, but also in throwing out many lateral rootlets.
Small as many of these are, they must not be despised, for it is through
them that the bulk gathers strength both to flower and to bear uninjured
the strain of flowering. It is better, where practicable, to select a position
on one side of the house, where more air and light can be admitted and less
moisture given them, especially when damping down. This partial removal
may be done immediately the leaf at the extremity of the bulb is completed,
or where there is any fear of a plant starting into premature growth.
The plants should be gradually exposed to the sun for a longer time
than is usual in the morning, and the blinds pulled up a trifle earlier each
afternoon. Should there be any dull weather, or sudden changes of bright
sunshine and cloud, there will be no necessity for using the shading at
every outburst of sunshine, as these plants will stand a considerable amount
of solar light at this period. Care must be taken that none of those plants
that have completed their growth ever get too dry at the root, or they will
be likely to receive a check, which will cause them to finish up suddenly,
and immediately afterwards to start into growth buds that should remain
dormant till after the flowering season. D. Wardianum and some of its
hybrids are very apt to do this. In order to retain a vigorous and healthy
constitution, everything appertaining to the drying and resting stages must
be gradual, and it is necessary that each plant should make but one set of
growths annually, and that these growths should be thoroughly ripened.
After a week or two of such treatment in the growing house, the fresh
young roots will have worked their way into the compost or around the
Sides of the pots, when the plants may be removed to another house where
they will be far less shaded, and where the atmosphere is drier and less
close. No better place can be selected than a vinery from which the fruit
has been gathered. In such a house it is generally easy to select positions
for the Dendrobiums where they will gradually pass from moderate shade
239 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1915,
to clear sunshine, taking care to choose a position where the plants will be
free from draughts or cold winds. When fully exposed to clear sunshine,
the compost, being filled with roots, dries very quickly, but careful
judgment should be exercised in watering. Avoid keeping the roots in a
constantly saturated condition. Those plants that are well established in
small pots will need water more often than the larger specimens ; in either
case, when once a thorough watering has been given, the plant should
receive no more until the whole compost has become dry. The aim of the
grower should be to water the plants just often enough to keep the roots in
a healthy condition and to prevent undue shrivelling of the pseudobulbs,
also to ripen and consolidate the newly-made growths by affording as much
fresh air and sunshine as possible.
Among the early varieties to finish up their growths are Dendrobium
Wardianum, crassinode, nobile, crystallinum, &c., also a large number of
hybrids far too numerous to mention. Those that have not yet finished
their growth, as D. superbum and its varieties Huttonii, Dearei, Burkei,
and anosmum, also several of the taller-growing species, D. Dalhousieanum,
&c., should receive every encouragement as regards heat and moisture until
they are so far matured that they too may be gradually dried and hardened
off.
Dendrobium Maccarthiz is a lovely species, but difficult to cultivate for
long together. It prefers a Cattleya house temperature, with plenty of
water at the roots, and the only rest this plant appears to require under
cultivation is for a few weeks just previous to flowering. Plants of this
species should never be subjected to deep potting; a thin, shallow well-
drained compost of osmunda fibre answers best. Plants of D. Phalaenopsis
that are in small pots or shallow Orchid pans are now making roots freely
and strong rigorous growth. They should be afforded every encouragement
until the new pseudobulbs are completed. Elevate the plants as near to
the roof glass as possible in the warmest house or plant stove. They
delight in as much sun-heat as is possible to give them, and a very thin
shading only is necessary, even during the hottest day in summer. When
thoroughly well rooted in small pots these plants require almost unlimited
supplies of water, with abundance of atmospheric moisture after the house
is closed and the shading removed for the day.
Plants of Dendrobium Bensonize that have recently passed their
flowering stage will have made considerable progress with their new
growths, and as these commence to push out numerous roots when only a
few inches high, no time should be lost in affording fresh compost to those
that require it. Repot the plants into a shallow compost of osmunda fibre,
and place them alongside, and under the same conditions as D. Phalaenopsis.
The racemose section of Dendrobium, as D. thrysifiorum, densiflorum,
AUGUST, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 237
Schreederi, Farmeri, and Griffithianum will be in the middle of their
growing season, and must be generously treated. When these plants
commence to send out fresh roots from the base of the young growths they
may be repotted if necessary, and if potted firmly in well-drained osmunda
fibre it will suit their requirements exactly. These plants thrive best when
grown in the Cattleya or Intermediate house. Other species of the
racemose section, as D. Dalhousieanum, moschatum, fimbriatum, suavis-
simum, chrysotoxum, &c., delight in a warmer atmosphere all through
their growing season. Those of the nigro-hirsute section, as D.
infundibulum, Jamesianum, Jerdonianum, Draconis, sculptum, cariniferum,
and bellatulum never require so much exposure to light and air as the
deciduous kinds. When not growing they certainly will require less water
than at other times, but thorough dryness at the root is not suitable for
them. A shady part of the Intermediate house, or the warmest end of the
Cool house will suit them.
TERETE-LEAVED VANDAS.—Such plants as Vanda teres and V. Miss-
Joaquim have now passed their flowering season, and will require attention.
Cut off the stems about two or three feet from the top and insert five or six
of them in well-drained pots, with a surface of growing sphagnum moss,
tying each stem firmly to neat strong stakes. For a few weeks after
disturbance the plants should be carefully shaded, and by that time many
young roots will have started, when the plants may be gradually exposed
to direct sunlight. The remaining parts of the old stems, if kept well
syringed, will soon send out fresh growths, and these new shoots, if they
grow well, may be removed next season. During active growth these
Vandas should have plenty of sunshine, and copious syringings overhead
Several times daily. A warm sunny corner of the Mexican house is the
best place for these plants, and for the distinct hybrid V. Marguerite Maron,
which latter will require similar attention soon after the flowers fade. ‘It
stows best at the hottest end of the plant stove, where the stems receive
full sunlight. A pine stove should also prove a suitable place for them.
V. Hookeriana is also a hot-growing species. It generally flowers at this
season, and after the spikes are cut should be attended to as advised for
the others. V.Kimballiana and its variety alba, also V. Amesiana, should
be grown in a sunny position in the Cattleya house, where fresh air can
circulate freely around them.
CaTrLeyas.—Plants of Catttleya Warscewiczii (gigas) that have recently
§0ne out of flower, also those that have completed their season’s growth
- Without flowering, should now be exposed to more sunlight and air, and at
the same time the supply of water at the root should be gradually decreased.
The repotting of this Cattleya and its varieties should be done, if needful,
about a fortnight after the plants have gone out of flower, as immediately
238 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGusT, 1915.
after this, provided the growths are well ripened, the current season's
breaks will send out from their base a large number of roots that will
readily enter, and appreciate the new compost, while if the operation of
repotting is left to be done later on some of the roots will be injured.
After repotting, only sufficient water will be needed to prevent undue
shrivelling of the pseudobulbs, or the roots from perishing. A slight
shrivelling in the bulbs may be allowed, as they will readily plump again
when the plants become re-established. After this they will enter upon a
long season of rest, so far as growth is concerned, during which time they
should be kept, if possible, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated position in the
Mexican or Intermediate house. During winter the dry, airy atmosphere of
the Mexican house will suit them exactly.
Cattleya Dowiana, C. D. aurea, C. Rex, and several of their hybrids are
now growing freely, and some are developing their flower buds, and should
be kept at the warm end of the house, so that the flowers may develop
properly. The tips of the leaves should be within a few inches of the roof
glass that receives the most sun, for a good clear light and plenty of fresh
air are the most likely agents to induce the plants to flower. After growth
is completed, and the flowers are cut, the plants should be treated as
previously advised for C. Warscewiczii.
MILTONIA VEXILLARIA.—Toward the end of this month the majority of
the plants of this species, and several of its distinct hybrids, will have
started well into growth, and some of them will need repotting ; but before
this is done it is necessary that each plant should be closely examined for
small thrips, which harbour low down in the growths, and the most
effectual method of destroying these insects is to dip the plants into a safe
kind of insecticide, and afterwards into clean tepid soft water. M.
vexillaria requires a rather shallow compost, its numerous fibrous roots
preferring to ramble just over or under the surface, therefore the pots OF
pans should be very well drained. The compost may consist of osmunda
fibre, which should be cut up rather small, sifting out the fine moss and
dust. Some growers prefer the addition of sphagnum moss, leaf soil, &¢+
but the best grown plants I have seen exhibited were grown in osmunda
only, In repotting, keep the base of the young growths about on a level
with the rim of the pot, and pack the fibre in and around the roots with
moderate firmness. At first, and until the new growths begin to root
freely, water should be afforded sparingly, merely sprinklng the surface of
the compost wherever it is dry, but as each plant becomes re-established
the quantity of water should be increased. The Cool house will suit them
for the present, but when the nights become colder the plants should be
removed to the Intermediate house.
EPIDENDRUM PRISMATOCARPUM.—Although the individual flowers ot
Aucust, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239
this species are small, they are, when seen on strong well-developed spikes,
very pretty and effective, and specimen plants with eight or ten spikes of
bloom are always useful for exhibition purposes. E. variegatum, e.
Brassavole, E. Stamfordianum, and E. fragrans may also be included in
this remark. The present is a good time to examine and repot any plants
of these species that require it, as the growths now starting will soon root
into the new potting material. Pot the plants in the same manner as one
would a Cattleya, and select a light position for them in the Intermediate
house. For a few weeks after root disturbance very little water will be
needed, but when the roots are seen creeping through the soil, enough
water should be afforded to keep the material moist, but as soon as the new
pseudobulbs are freely matured very little water will be required till the
flower spikes show. Epidendrum atropurpureum (macrochilum), and its
variety album, are also worth attention. Both species grow well in shallow
pans suspended from the roof of the Mexican house, and as at the present
time the young growths are well advanced, repotting may be attended to.
Both plants will root freely if potted firmly in well-drained osmunda fibre.
Coo HousE.—In this division there are nearly always some plants that
need repotting. Among the most important at the present time are such
Maxillarias as M. luteoalba (Turneri), fucata, grandiflora, ‘Lehmannii,
Hubschii, lepidota, tenuifolia, picta, Mooreana, and many others. For
such species as M. Sanderiana, Amesiana, and preestans shallow teak wood
baskets are preferable to pots, as generally their flowers appear in a down-
ward direction. All of them grow well in a mixture of Ax fibre and
osmunda fibre, and it is necessary that these materials should be pressed
quite firmly around the base of the plants. Coehlioda Neetzliana, vulcanica,
and sanguinea, also many small-growing Oncidiums, including O. concolor,
Phalzenopsis, dasytyle, nubigenum, Lawrenceanum, Mantinii, cucullatum,
spilopterum, also the stronger-growing O. Marshallianum, varicosum, and
others that have started into growth may also be repotted. Such plants as
Odontoglossum Uroskinneri and O. bictoniense, now in bloom, should not
be afforded much water at the root, being liable to injury from too much
moisture. O. nebulosum, now beginning to grow, is easily injured in the
same manner.
Disa GRANDIFLORA is‘now.in bloom, and as the flowers are liable to be
infested with green fly they should constantly be examined. The brush
and sponge are the best means of getting rid of Aphis, afterwards laying the
plants on their sides, and syringing them till quite clean. it is not
advisable to vaporise or fumigate these plants at any time, the foliage being
very tender and liable to injury. The plants should be freely supplied with
water till they go out of bloom, when the quantity should be gradually
reduced, but not entirely withheld.
240 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AUGUST, 1915.
HEATING APPARATUS.—At this season the heating apparatus should be
overhauled, but it may be very difficult to obtain workmen to do it, as so
many skilled engineers are in Government employ, yet a great deal may be
done by growers who are interested in such work. The boilers should be
emptied and cleaned of sediment, if nothing else be done, but the pipes
should be immediately filled again. Loose joints in the hot water pipes
must be made good, all the valves oiled, and the overflow and feed pipes
put in good order. The fire bars, flues around the boilers, ashpit doors,
&c., should also receive attention, so as to be ready for use when required.
a
T the recent Holland House Show a First-class Certificate and a Silver
Medal for Culture were awarded to Odontoglossum Georgius-Rex, a
oy ODONTOGLOSSUM GEORGIUS-REX.
Fig. 31. ODONTOGLossuM GEoRGIUS-REXx.
magnificently-grown specimen from the collection of J. Gurney Fowler,
Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis), bearing a branching panicle
with twenty-eight finely-developed flowers. It may be remembered that the
hybrid was raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., who exhibited it tW°
AUGUST, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 241
years earlier, when it received an Award of Merit. It was derived from
Odontoglossum Rolfez crossed with another’ O. Harryanum hybrid whose
identity is not quite certain, though in all probability O. crispum is in some
way concerned in the ancestry. Its general character is shown in the
annexed figure of a single flower, while the entire plant may be seen by a
reduced figure in a recent issue of the Garden (July 17th). The blotches
are dark claret-purple on a light yellowish ground.
NEOMOOREA IRRORATA.—In a note in your March issue on this distinct
and interesting plant you say that “at last the habitat can be recorded.”
I have had the plant growing here in Ocaiia, with other plants, for some
time. I collected it while on an excursion in the region of the river San
Alberto, which is one of the small rivers which flow into the Lebrija, in
the province of Santander. It grows on the larger trees in the more open
parts of the forest, mostly on the trunks, some twenty or thirty feet from
the ground, and not on the branches. I have seen plants with ten or
fifteen large bulbs. and ten or twelve flower spikes. It.is by no means a
common plant in this region. I have no means of giving you the altitude
at which it grows, but it is in the “ tierra calliente,” or hot country. Lycaste
gigantea also grows in the same forests, but at a much lower altitude.
Ocafia Cyrit ALLEN.
[We saa Mr. Allen . he this agi siete, which should afford a
clue as to the kind of treatment suitable. We believe there has been an
inference that it is terrestrial, but this information perhaps indicates the
necessity for more thorough drainage. We believe that it is generally
treated as an Intermediate house plant, but proves rather shy in flowering.
Nothing approaching the development mentioned by Mr. Allen has yet
been seen in Europe.—Eb.]
“SOCTETIES: }@|
le]
ae ee
Roya HoRTICULTURAL.
HE great Summer Show was held in the grounds of Holland
‘House, Kensington, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, July
6th, 7th, and 8th, and was highly successful, Orchids and other plants
Providing a magnificent display, while the brilliant weather of the opening
day favoured a large attendance of visitors. The morning of the second
day, however, was wet. The Council entertained the Committees and
Judges to luncheon, and, after the loyal toast, the President, Lord Grenfell,
congratulated the Society on its continued prosperity and on the success -
the show, and tendered the thanks of the Council to the Committees and
others to whose loyal help 'this success was largely due. In proposing the
242 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AUGUST, 1915,
health of M. Philip de Vilmorin, who was present as a guest, the President
commended the War Horticultural Relief Fund to the sympathy and
support of the Fellows, and M. Vilmorin, in replying, thanked British
Horticulturists for their efforts to alleviate the suffering of their fellows in
the war area. The health of the President and Council was proposed by
Mr. Stuart Low, and was suitably acknowledged.
The Orchids mostly occupied the centre stage of one of the large tents,
and made a brilliant display, the plants being for the most part exceedingly
well grown and flowered, and the awards consisted of two Gold and four
other Medals—one being the» Lindley Medal for a splendidly-grown
Odontoglossum—five Cups, two First-class Certificates, and three Awards
of Merit. ;
Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), T. Armstrong, J. E. Shill, W. Thompson, Arthur
Dye, J. Cypher, W. Bolton, F. Sander, Gurney Wilson, W. H. Hatcher,
A. McBean, Stuart H. Low, R. G. Thwaites, W. H. White, Pantia Ralli,
Walter Cobb, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, C. J. Lucas, R. Brooman-
White, and Clive Cookson.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
staged a magnificent group of Orchids, to which a Gold Medal was awarded.
The arrangement was in the form of a high bank, the back consisting of
tall Oncidiums, Sobralia Colmaniz, Epidendrum Boundii, prismatocarpum,
and others, and the middle distance was made up of some good examples
of Leliocattleya Aphrodite, Canhamiana, Hippolyta, and others, Lelia
tenebrosa, several fine forms of Cattleya Mendelii, C. Warscewiczii King
Edward VII., a very richly-coloured form, C. Mossi Wageneri, many
beautiful Odontoglossums, white and blotched, the rare O. tripudians, a very
fine series of Odontioda Bradshawiz, forming masses of scarlet colour,
several O. Papilio, O. Schroederi, having large white flowers with a few
orange-cinnamon blotches, the rare Zygopetalum Reeblingianum, Dendro-
chilum cornutum, the very rare Australian Sarcochilus Ceciliz, with
racemes of rosy flowers, a profusely-flowered Pleurothallis stenopetala, good
examples of Cochlioda Neetzliana, Nanodes Meduse, Physosiphon
Loddigesii, the woolly-flowered Eria pannea, a pretty little hybrid from
Diacrium bicornutum x Cattleya Louryana, having white flowers, with
rather elongated side lobes anda rosy front lobe, and many other interesting
things, the group being effectively set up with moss and maiden-hair fern.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis);
sent a plant of the handsome Odontioda Cooksoniz Fowler’s var., having
scarlet flowers of excellent shape, with a white apex to the lip, and
Odontoglossum Gorgius-Rex, a splendidly-grown plant, bearing a panicle
of twenty-eight large and richly-coloured flowers. The Lindley Medal for,
AUGUST, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243
culture was awarded to this fine Odontoglossum. These plants occupied a
small stage to the right of the entrance, and were set up with maiden-hair
fern,
Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford (Orchid grower Mr. Swindon) sent
cut spikes of Cypripedium Stonei and the remarkable var. platyt nium, the
latter a plant that is represented in very few collections, and very rarely
exhibited (see page 250).
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes), showed
a hybrid Cattleya called C. Eros, probably a hybrid of C. Mossia, and
somewhat resembling a light-coloured C. Empress-Frederick, one of the
pseudobulbs bearing two leaves. Its identity is uncertain, but it is distinct
from the original C. Eros (Mossie X Walkeriana).
Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, East Yorks., staged a magnificent
group, which was tastefully arranged, and secured the award of a Gold
Medal. The back and the two ends were well elevated, the centre consisting
of the gracefully arching spikes of about thirty fine examples of Phalznopsis
amabilis, with other suitable things, while the ends were made up largely
of Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas. The front and centre were low, and were
filled with a number of smaller plants and choice hybrids, a few of which
were elevated on moss-covered stands, giving a very graceful effect. We
noted three well-flowered examples of the graceful Dendrochilum filiforme,
several of the brilliant Cochlioda Netzliana, Promene xanthina, two good
Paphinia cristata, Lycaste cruenta, Oncidium Harrisonianum and Kramer-
ianum, the graceful Ccelogyne Dayana, Vanda teres, Anguloa Cliftonii,
Cattleya Iris, Aérides odoratum, and other good things. Among a number
of interesting hybrids were Odontoglossum Evelyn (spectabile x Phcebe),
with handsomely blotched somewhat acuminate segments, six remarkably
diverse forms of Odontioda Sunbeam (Oda. Vuylstekee X Odm.
Lambeauianum), a good O. ornata, O. Clarissa (Oda. Bradshawie X
Odm. illustrissimum), having lilac flowers densely dotted with rose-purple,
and the crest yellow. O. Edith-Hodgson (Odm. tigrinum x Oda.
Bradshawiz), having acuminate segments heavily marked with red-brown
on a yellowish ground, O. Prince of Wales (Odm. Ernestii xX Oda.
Charlesworthii), bearing three light rose-purple flowers of excellent shape,
and other good things.
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, received a Silver-gilt Cup for a
large and handsome group, which was well banked up at the centre and
ends with Laliocattleyas and other good things. We noted many fine
forms of L.-c. Canhamiana and Aphrodite, L.-c. gloriosa, brugensis and
Isabel-Sander, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri album and many hybrids,
Odontioda Vuylstekeze and O. Doris, Anguloa Ruckeri, several fine A.
Cliftonii, and a natural hybrid between the two, a fine Stanhopea tigrina,
244 THE ORCHID REVIEW [AucusT, 1915,
Sarcopodium cymbidioides, Cirrhopetalum robustum, Diacrium bicornutum,
Maxillaria marginata, Sanderiana and venusta, the striking Paphinia
cristata, the handsome Miltonia Sanderz, Aérides Houlletianum Sandere,
with light yellow flowers, some good Cattleyas and Brassocattleyas, Liparis
plantaginea, with rather large dark green flowers, and other interesting
things.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, received a Large
Silver Cup for a very fine group, the ends and centre consisting largely of
well-grown Lezliocattleya Aphrodite and Canhamiana, and the intervening
spaces containing clusters of the handsome Disa Luna, with examples of
D. Blackii and grandiflora. We noted also Odontoglossum apterum
candidulum, O. eximium xanthotes and others, Miltonia Hyeana, Cattleya
Mossiz Wageneri, Oncidium leucochilum and pulvinatum, Odontioda
Charleswortbii, Brassia maculata, Anguloa virginalis, and other good things.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver Cup
for a group of well-grown specimens, arranged in a setting of maiden-hair
fern. It included three well-flowered examples of the handsome Miltonia .
Charlesworthii, two fine examples of Angrecum Eichlerianum, Cattleya
Warscewiczii marmorata, having the flowers striped with purple, well-
flowered examples of Epidendrum vitellinum and prismatocarpum, a pure
scarlet form of Odontioda Goodsoniz with a deep yellow crest, a light form
of O. keighleyensis bearing three large panicles, O. Chantecleer, a beautiful
example of Paphinia cristata with four racemes, two of these bearing four
flowers each, O. Brewii, O. Eurydice roseum with two fine raceme,
Odontioda Lairessee, a fine form of Leliocattleya Martinetii, Oncidium
crispum, some good Cochlioda Neetzliana, a fine plant of Oncidioda
Cybele, Odontoglossum crispum Madonna, and others, with several well-
bloomed examples of Masdevallia muscosa in front.
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, received a Standard
Cup for a very fine group, in which the forms of Cattleya Warscewiczit
were numerous and beautiful, the var. Virgin Queen having white sepals
_ and petals, and the front lobe of the lip purple margined with white. Wwe
noted also C. Mossize Wageneri, C. Gaskelliana alba, a few good Lelio:
cattleyas, Maxillaria luteoalba with ten flowers, Lycaste Deppel and
cruenta, Anguloa Ruckeri, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, Thompsonianum
several good O. crispum, and a few good blotched seedlings, Cypripedium
Phoebe, Chamberlainianum, Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and Daisy Barclay;
Oncidium phymatochilum, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Odontioda Cupid, and
other good things.
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, received 4 Standard
Cop for a very fine group, including some particularly good forms ©
Leliocattleya Aphrodite, masses of Renanthera Imschootiana, Cattley#
AuGuUST, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245
Whitei, C. Mossiz Wageneri, and some good C. Warscewiczii, a good
example of Vanda ccerulea, Lelia tenebrosa Walton Grange var.,
Phalzenopsis amabilis, Oncidium crispum, a fine example of Cleisostoma
secundum with numerous arching racemes of purple flowers, Aérides virens,
good examples of Promenza xanthina, Oncidium pubes, a well-flowered
Brassavola tuberculata, Bulbophyllum Lobbii and barbigerum, Sophro-
catlelia Laconia (S.-l. heatonensis X L.-c. callistoglossa), a very pretty
hybrid with deep rose flowers, Odontioda Charlesworthii, three good
Cypripedium caudatum, and a number of good Odontoglossums.
Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth, received a Silver
Flora Medal for a good group of showy things, including two fine Leelio-
cattleya bletchleyensis, the var. Emperor bearing a spike of five very richly-
coloured flowers, Lelia tenebrosa, two good examples of Cattleya Mossiz
Wageneri, Odontoglossum eximium, illustrissimum, crispum, and O.
armainvillierense xanthotes, Odontioda Thwaitesiz, Charlesworthii, and a
few others.
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, received a Silver Flora Medal
for a brilliant group, including good examples of Oncidium McBeanianum,
Dendrobium Dearei and Sander, Ccelogyne pandurata, Miltonia vexillaria
chelseiensis with three spikes, Odontoglossum Pescatorei with a fine panicle
of flowers, O. armainvillierense xanthotes, O. hastilabium, and O. Hyeanum,
Masdevallia Schlimii, Lzliocattleya Emmeline (L. anceps Schroeder X
C. Whitei), and others, while brilliant colour was supplied by a number of
Odontioda Bradshawiz, Charlesworthii, Lutetia, Brewii, and five good
examples of Cochlioda Neetzliana.
Mr. C. F. Waters, Deanland Nursery, Balcombe, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a bright little group, including examples of Vanda
teres, Cattleya citrina, Leliocattleya Aphrodite and Canhamiana,
Renanthera Imschootiana, Masdevallia Houtteana, Miltonia vexillaria,
Odontoglossum Pescatorei and crispum, Odontioda Charlesworthii,
Dendrobium Thwaitesiz, and a form of Eulophia nuda having the flowers
entirely greenish.
FirstT-cLAss CERTIFICATES.
Cattteya Warscewiczi vaR. Mrs. E. ASHWORTH.—A very beautiful
form, bearing a spike of four large blush pink flowers, with a pale yellow
throat to the lip.—Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. .
ODONTOGLOSSUM Grorcius-Rex.—This magnificent hybrid, derived
from O. Rolfez and another O. Harryanum hybrid whose identity is
uncertain, has now developed into a remarkably strong plant, bearing @
panicle of twenty-eight flowers, heavily blotched with dark claret-purple on
a light yellowish ground. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. The
history of the plant and a figure are given on page 240.
246 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1915.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA MENDELII VAR. Mrs. SMEE.—A very beautiful variety,
bearing two large blush-pink flowers, with the front lobe of the lip deep
carmine, and the throat yellow. Exhibited by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
CaTTLEYA PauLa (Clarkie x Dowiana aurea).—A handsome hybrid,
bearing a spike of two flowers, the sepals and petals of a deep rose-purple
shade, slightly flushed with yellow, and the limb of the lip deep maroon.
purple, with a number of reddish lines in the deep yellow throat.
Exhibited by Messrs. J. & A. McBean.
L#LIOCATTLEYA FascINATOR- Mossi VAR. MOONLIGHT (L.-c. Fascinator
x C. Mossiz Wageneri).—A charming albino, the flowers being entirely
purely silvery white, with a tinge of pale purple at the extreme base of the
sepals behind. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.
The meeting following the Holland House Show was rather small so
far as Orchids were concerned, but three medals were awarded to very
interesting groups, and an Award of Merit was given to a most remarkable
Bulbophyllum from. Messrs. Sander & Sons, which is nearly allied to B.
Fletcherianum, and probably from the same country.
Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J-
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, W. H.. White, Arthur
Dye, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, J. Charlesworth, Pantia Ralli, J-
Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, S. W. Flory, R. Brooman White, and J-
Gurney Fowler.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent 4
good plant of Cymbidium pendulum bearing two racemes. It is aD
interesting old garden plant which was introduced upwards of a century
ago, and its history is given on page 252.
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group,
including three showy examples of Cattleya Warscewiczii, C. Mossi
Wageneri, C. Gaskelliana Fairy Queen, a pretty blush white form, C.
O’Brieniana alba, two good Oncidium macranthum, O. Kramerianum,
Aérides odoratum album, Rhynchostylus retusa with three racemes, #
richly-coloured Vanda ccerulea, Lzliocattleya rubens and Aphrodite,
Miltonia vexilaria Lambeauiana, the handsome Dendrobium regium and 4
well-flowered D. clavatum, Epidendrum vitellinum, a spike of the rare
Trichoglottis Dawsoniana, a plant of Cypripedium caudatum, Odontioda
Vuylstekee and O. Charlesworthii, and a very distinct Odontioda from
Odontoglossum Rolfez x Odontioda Charlesworthii, having rosy purple
flowers, the sepals rather darker, and the lip with a whitish margin and @
yellow crest (Sllver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, also staged a fine group, high up
AucusT, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247
in the centre of which was a fine specimen of Ccelogyne Dayana bearing
nine pendulous racemes, while on either side and in front were examples of
C. Mooreana, the tall Xylobium elatum, five well-grown Cattleya
Warscewiczii, C. Gaskelliana Bridesmaid, a charming white form, two
Anguloa Cliftonii, Epidendrum vitellinum and _ radiatum, Sarcanthus
pallidus, Cypripedium Boltonii, Olga Bradshawe and Wiertzianum, a fine
Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, Phoebe, citrosmum and a fine O.
Williamsianum, Bulbophyllum patens and densiflorum, Brassavola
fragrans, Liparis plantaginea, Dendrobium regium and _ bicameratum,
Masdevallia calura, Polystachya laxiflora, a good Odontioda Bradshawie,
and a pretty hybrid from Brassavola nodosa x Cattleya Enid, having
large rose-purple Brassovola-like flowers (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
good examples of Odontoglossum armainvillierense, O. Elaine, combining
well the characters of O. cirrhosum and Harryanum, and having prettily
undulate petals, Leliocattleya Beatrice (L.-:. callistoglossa X C.
Schroederze), and L.-c. Harri-anceps, the latter having lilac-purple sepals,
and the front lobe of the lip reflexed and purple with a yellow throat,
Odontioda Bradshawiz, Thwaitesii, Lambeauiana, and a very fine O-
Diana, four good forms of Cattleya Rothschildiana, and C. Warscewiczii
Frau Melanie Beyrodt (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid Dene, Twyford, sent the rare
Cattleya superba alba with blush white flowers, and a fine example of
Odontoglossum Ceres bearing a spike of five flowers.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent some choice
things, including Cattleya Orduna (Mendelii x Carmen), most like the
former, and having blush pink sepals and petals, the front lobe of the lip-
crimson-purple, and the throat yellow with reddish lines, Lzliocattleya
Carlina (callistoglossa x Fascinator), with rosy-purple sepals and petals,
the front lobe of the lip being crimson-purple, with some reddish pace in
the deep yellow throat, two fine example of Odontioda Thwaitesil, and.
Odontoglossum Rolfez x Harryanum, being a spike of eight flowers, fairly
intermediate in shape, and having white petals and lip, spotted with
purple, and the sepals with larger blotches on a somewhat dusky ground.
AwarD OF MERIT.
BULBOPHYLLUM BALFOURIANUM.—A very remarkable species, closely
resembling B. Fletcherianum in habit and in the peculiar glaucons leaves,
but the flowers quite different in shape, the dorsal sepeal being ovate, acute,
and about r4 inches long, the lateral sepals longer and somewhat falcate at
the apex, and the petals shorter and distinctly crenulate. The plant bore a
very short inflorescense of three large flowers, closely dotted with purple-red
on a light yellow ground. -Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons
248 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ Aucust, “
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 8th,
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Cypher, P. Foster, A. Hanmer, Dr.
Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A.
Ward, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. W. Gilden), staged a group, to
which a Large Silver: Medal was awarded. It included Odontoglossum
cfispum var. George, O. Bronze Dragon,’ O. Victor Hye’ de Crom, -and ‘0.
Pescatorei’ xanthotes, Miltonia . Sunbeam,.’ Fairy. ‘Queen ‘and Queen
Alexandra,’ Cypripedium gigas Corndean Hall, ‘niveum,‘ Veniis, callosum
Sanderz, St. Alban, and Chamberlainianum, Lzliocattleya' Martinetii and
Canhamiana, ce pele Cliftonii, Bollea Lalindei, and other interest
ae
‘Col. J. Rutherford; M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was also award
a ‘Large Silver Medal for a group, composed of Cattleya Mossiz’ Wageneri,
€. Gaskelliana alba, and Brassocattleya Maronii, with a fine’ batch of
Miltonias of the vexillaria section, the most noticeable being space =
ant Hyeana, with others:
-O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E: Rogers), staged fine examples’ of
Phalenopsis amabilis Rimestadiana, see space Clowesii, Disa esas
and'several interesting hybrids. ©
© J.-J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law), sent a fine plant ‘of
Oncidium crispum Heathfield var., a Cultural Certificate being ideas to
the ‘gardener.
' A.-J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow), staged calc
Duchess of Teck. |
‘Messrs. Cypher’& Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver - Medi for
a’mixed group, including Cattleya Olivia and gigas Sanderiana, Epidendrum
vitellinum, Oncidium divaricatum, pulchellum, Vanda ccerulea, Bulbo-
phyllum Lobbii, Macdevallia bella, Dendrochilum filiform? and tatifohuen,
Brassia verrucosa, Stanhopea tigrina, ‘and others.
Messrs: A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Oncidium Gardneri,
Miltonia vexillaria Fairy Queen, Masdevallia muscosa, Cattleya’ F.' W.
bade, pda tor aan Emperor of India, and: Palumbina candida.
“AWARDS OF MERIT. —
Oncidium crispum Heathfield vari, ‘from J. J. Bolton, ee:
Odontoglossum Duchess of Teck, foal A. J. Oakshott, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. Jas. Law, gr. to’J. J. Bolton, Esq., for a fine example of
Oncidium crispum. a Bronze Medal being aise awarded in snip neice of
the excellent culture. .
Aucust, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249
e129 MILTONIA CHARLESWORTHII.
Spas
HREE finely-grown examples of the handsome Miltonia Charlesworthi;
were staged by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. at the recent Holland
House Show, and it was interesting to see how completely the deep claret-
Fig. 33. MILTONIA CHARLESWORTHII.
purple, butterfly-like blotch of the pollen parent, Miltonia . vextllaria
Memoria G. D. Owen, is repeated in the hybrid. Those who may not have
2 : 1 cadens > j annexed
Seen the plant alive may be able to trace the resemblance in the an
250 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1915.
figure. The resemblance to a purple butterfly with scalloped wings is so
great that a person who had never seen a Miltonia might almost be deceived
at a first glance, and the fact reminds us of the numerous resemblances to
insects which have been observed among Orchids, and which have, in a
number of cases, served as the basis of popular names. In some cases the
resemblances are much too obvious to be overlooked, and one might almost
furnish a museum of curiosities out of such resemblances. Still more
interesting would it be to trace the reason for these resemblances, for they
cannot all be meaningless, and there is a vast field open to the patient
investigator who would seek out the ultimate cause. In the case of the
Miltonia it is difficult to imagine any use that could be served by adopting
a resemblance to a purple butterfly, for it is not a specific character, but,
whatever the significance, it has been handed on to the hybrid offspring,
and in each case it adds greatly to the beauty of the flower.
GYe@) offer
tees CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI PLATYT/ENIUM. | 534
‘ees remarkable variety is a very rare visitor at our horticultural
exhibitions, and it was interesting to see a cut spike of it, from the
collection of Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford, at the Holland House
Show, together with one of the type. It originally appeared as a single
plant in the collection of Mr. John Day, at Tottenham, as long ago as 1867,
and was described by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1867, p. 1118, with fig.),
the author calling it a wonderful variety, bearing petals of the shape of
C. Lowii, but hanging down and beautifully spotted. And he added the
enigmatic remark: “If someone should suggest it being a mule between
the old Lowii and the new Stcnei we should beg him to leave the question
open, since we have no means whatever of elucidating it.” We know of
but a single plant in Europe, in the possession of J. Day, Esq., High Cross,
Tottenham. Mr. Day then madea painting of a single flower (Orch. Draw.,
xil. t. 39), but in May, 1878, he painted a fine three-flowered spike (/.¢.,
Xxili. t. 68), on the latter occasion recording its history very fully, which it
may be interesting to summarise. He remarked :-—
“* The plant has flowered with me once more—it bloomed the first time
in June, 1867, and was exhibited by meat the Royal Horticultural Society's
first International Show. The only plant that was imported came from
Borneo with a large lot of Cypripedium Stonei received by Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co. in November, 1863. I divided the plant after blooming, and sold
two plants at Stevens’, both of which were bought by Messrs. Veitch &
Sons at different times, and one I sold them in March of this year. I have
now three plants remaining, all being divisions of the original. Messrs-
AvGuST, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 250
Veitch flowered it once, so this is only the third time of its flowering in
Europe. I cannot see any approach to C. Lowii in any particular. It isa
true Stonei in everything but breadth of petals, but in that it differs from
C. Lowii altogether. I cannot therefore agree with Professor Reichenbach
in thinking it a hybrid between these two species. It is a very striking
and handsome variety, and it is the greatest piece of luck that I ever had in
all my long career of Orchid-growing—for, considering the vast number of
imported Orchids of all kinds that I have bought and imported, I have not
been fortunate in obtaining new species or varieties.”
In October, 1881, he added a memorandum to this drawing: ‘‘ I have
now sold all stock of this, with the rest of my collection; one plant sold to:
Veitch in March, 1878, for £105, one to Veitch in 1881 for 75 guineas, and
the three remaining onesat my sale in 1881 for £147, £136 tos., and £126.
Sir Trevor Lawrence bought the higher-priced one, and Baron Schréder
the other two.”
The beauty of the variety may be seen by a fine illustration of one of
Mr. Day’s plants, bearing an inflorescence of four flowers, which appeared
in Warner’s Select Orchidaceous Plants (iii. t. 14), and we have seen a
similar inflorescence in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence. It is a
plant of remarkably slow growth, and we believe is still only represented in
the collections at Burford and at The Dell, Englefield Green. In the summer
of 1887 a plant in the latter unexpectedly proved that it is only a permanent
mutation of the species, for it produced a flower bearing one of its own
proper petals and one of the normal C. Stonei. This flower is preserved at
Kew. The plant received a First-class Certificate from the R-H.S. in June,
1867, and again in May, 1895, the exhibitors being Mr. Day and Sir Trevor
Lawrence respectively.—R.A.R.
—— 0
DISA GRANDIFLORA AUREA.—A two-flowered spike of the brilliant scarlet
Disa grandiflora is sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq,, Bridge
Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers, together with a flower of what Is called D.
gtandiflora aurea. Mr. Rogers remarks: ‘‘ We consider it very pretty and.
quite distinct from any other we have seen. The tubers were bought last
year in Protheroe’s Rooms (newly imported) under the above name.” The
variety apparently obtains its name from a decided suffusion of yellow in
the ground colour of the dorsal sepal, which in the typical form inclines to
white, for the rest of the flower is about normal in colour, and the lateral
Sepals are of a brilliant shade of pure orange-scarlet. We hardly think it
can be the yellow form of the species that was reported some time ago, but
this note is written far away from all books of reference, where the flower
in question has followed us, so that for the moment we must content our~
Selves with briefly recording its character.—R.A.R.
252 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGust, 1915,
Ea a
HIS interesting old plant has been rather pushed into the background
by showy species of later introduction, and it was interesting to see a
fine example at the R.H.S. meeting held on July zoth. It was from the
collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury, and bore the
name of Cymbidium aloifolium, but as it is not the original species of that
name it may be interesting to give its history.
The species was originally described and figured in 1795, by Roxburgh,
under the name of Epidendrum pendulum (Pl. Coast Coromandel, i. p. 35;
t. 44), with the record that it grew on trees on the Circar Mountains, and
differed but little from Epidendrum aloifolium, L., a plant based on an old
figure of Rheede (Hort. Malab., xii. p. 17, t. 8). When some four years
later Swartz established the genus Cymbidium these two plants became
Cymbidium pendulum and C. aloifolium respectively. So far no difficulty
arises. In 1797, however, a plant had been figured in the Botanical
Magazine (t. 387) under the name of Epidendrum aloides (a misprint for
aloifolium, as the text shows), which was not the plant of Linnzus and of
Rheede, but that of Roxburgh, and thus confusion began. The history 1s
thus given by Curtis: “A few years since, my friend, Mr. Vere, of
Kensington, received this plant from India, by the kindness of his friend,
J. Devaynes, Esq: Placed in a pot of earth and plunged in the tan pit of
the stove, it grew, increased, and now flourishes, but has not blown. With
Messrs. Grimwood & Wykes, Nurserymen, Kensington, the plant has
flowered this summer ; instead of plunging it in the tan, they set it on the
flue of the stove, and to this variation in its treatment its flowering is,
perhaps, to be attributed.”
A year later Jacquin figured the same plant as Epidendrum aloifolium
(Hort. Schenbr., iii. p. 69, t. 383), giving the Linnzan synonymy, and a few
years later Loddiges figured it as Cymbidium aloifolium (Bot. Cab., t. 967),
remarking : ‘We received this plant about the year 1790 from China,
where several varieties of it are cultivated.”
Blume evidently overlooked the earlier Cymbidium pendulum, for in
1825 he described a second species under the same name (Bijdr., p- 379):
this being a plant collected on Mt. Salak, Java, respecting which Lindley
expressed a doubt (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 165) whether it was the plant of
Roxburgh. But Lindley himself afterwards introduced a further complica-
tion when he figured under the name of C. pendulum, Swartz, a plant
which flowered in the collection of the Horticultural Society in 1838, which
had been sent to Dean Herbert by Dr. Wallich (Bot. Reg., xxvi. t- 25)
This was his own C. Finlaysonianum (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 164), based om
CYMBIDIUM PENDULUM.
Aucust, 1915.-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 253
a plant collected in the Malay Peninsula (at first recorded as Siam) by
Finlayson, and identical with the Javan plant, which latter Lindley did
not even mention. In‘fact he gave the history and synonymy of Roxburgh’s.
Indian plant, so that the confusion now became complete. The mistake is
curious, for Lindley gave all the three species correctly in his Genera and
Species of Orchidaceous Plants. Lindley’s C. pendulum var. brevilabre (Bot.
Reg., xxx. t. 24), based on a plant collected at Singapore by Cuming, and
flowered by Messrs. Loddiges, and the C. pendulum of the Orchid Album
(x. t. 437), are also C. Finlaysonianum, which is a larger-flowered species,
and has a wide range in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, as far as the
Philippines.
The true C. pendulum, Swartz, is widely diffused in Northern India,
from Nepal to Silhet and Bengal, while C. aloifolium, Swartz, is a South
Indian plant, having a very acute lip and other differences. : It is rare in
cultivation. These two, it may be added, are completely confused in the
Flora of British India. R.A.R
RES
. is surely the commonest and best-known of our British Orchises,
yet its identity is called in question in a long article by Mr. G. C.
Druce which has just appeared (Kep. Bot. Exch. Club, 1914, pp- 99-106).
It is asserted that for some years a wrong conception of Orchis maculata.
has been prevalent in Britain, and that the plant which Linneus had in
view when he established the species was not our familiar plant. From
the few words of description of the original O. maculata, L., it is inferred
that the Linnean plant is the O. maculata precox, Webster (Brit. Orch.,
ed. 2, p. 69), a dwarf, mountain-meadow, early-flowering form, which is
also the O. ericetorum, Linton (F/. Bournem., p- 208), to which it is further
stated belong the majority of the plants called O. maculata, L., on the
Continent. He then runs through the different Floras, Continental and
British, attempting to show that some refer
(so-called) species, while others include both.
an almost unbroken change of forms between
adjoins a basic woodland,” but adds, ‘‘ whether these intermediates are
hybrids between two distinct super-species, OF whether the variations are
due to the soil conditions, has yet to be ascertained.” F inally he re-describes
our familiar plant under the name of O. Fuchsii, Druce (p. 105).
He then describes a hybrid between the two, as O. Fuchsii X maculata,
adding four others, as follows: O. Fuchsii x pretermissa, O. Fuchsii. X
latifolia, O. Fuchsii x incarnata, and OQ. Fuchsii x Habenaria viridis.
ORCHIS MACULATA.
to one, some to the other
Yet he admits having seen
254 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Avant aa
Orchis maculata, in the new sense, is defined as a plant of heathery
moorlands, heathy ground, peat bogs, and in damp places on siliceous soils,
locally abundant and ascending to 3,000 feet, and occurring from Cornwall
northwards to the Shetlands and in Ireland, but absent from large areas in
the basic soils of the Midlands and Eastern Counties. Three hybrids of it
are enumerated. QO. Fuchsii X maculata we have already mentioned, and
the others are O. maculata x pratermissa (O. Hallii), and O. maculata X
latifolia.
He then describes Orchis Okellyi, Druce, as a third species of the
maculata group, found locally on the limestone hills of Co. Clare, Ireland,
and on the limestones area of Inchnadamph, Sunderland, Scotland. This
is said to have white flowers and unspotted leaves.
In conclusion Mr. Druce makes the following significant remark:
*“ Perhaps in these three plants we have soil species, (1) O. maculata,
almost restricted to the acid, silicious areas; (2) O. Fuchsii, especially
represented on the basic clays and impervious beds of chalk; (3) O.
Okellyi, a plant strongly calcipete, and restricted to well-drained soils.
Whether the intermediate forms which occur are the result of hybridisation,
as treated here, or are merely variations await, as has been said, scientific
experimental cullure.’’
We regard these as only stational forms of one very common and widely
diffused species, which grows under the most diverse conditions, and
presents a correspondingly wide range of variation. And we doubt their
constancy, for some, at least, of the differences disappear when the plants
are grown side by side. And we do not regard the numerous intermediates
as hybrids. They are polymorphisms, indicating a state of fluctuating
variability, and must not be confounded with the bona fide hybrids, which
occur where O. maculata grows intermixed with allied species. Some of
these would be promising subjects for experiment, and we do not think it
would take “‘ seven years from the germination of the seed to the flowering
stage,”’ for some terrestrial Orchids flower in their second or third season.
R.A.R.
PHALZNOPSIS AMABILIS RIMESTADIANA.—A magnificent panicle of this
fine Orchid has been sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq-,
Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers, who remarks that it received a Cultural
Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society on July 22nd. The
inflorescence is very strong, and bears six branches and an aggregate of 39
splendidly-developed flowers. It must have been of considerable length,
for the upper branched part, which alone is forwarded, is about two feet
long. It is a fine example of good culture. Mr. Rogers adds: “ Our
Phalznopsis has done very well this year, and we exhibited a plant at
AucusT, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255
Manchester about a month ago bearing a spike of 46 flowers.” It is
interesting to recall that this, which of late years has generally been
imported and grown under the name of Phalzenopsis Rimestadiana, is the
original species of the genus, the plant which Blume described as
Phalenopsis amabilis, and also the Epidendrum amabile of Linneus. It
is sometimes called Phalaenopsis amabilis var. Rimestadiana, but we do not
know of a single character by which it can be distinguished from the
original plant.—R.A.R.
ae
ANcuLoA RotFE1, Sander.—Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, have
succeeded in obtaining an importation of the handsome Anguloa Cliftonii,
and out of it has bloomed an example of A. Ruckeri, and what is evidently
a natural hybrid between the two. All were exhibited at the recent Holland
House Show, and Messrs. Sander inform us that they have named the
latter Anguloa Rolfei. The general shape closely resembles that of A.
Cliftonii, and the colour as strongly recalls a light form of A. Ruckeri, but
a glance inside the flowers reveals the most unmistakable intermediate
characters. A. Cliftonii, as is well known, differs from all the other species
in having a short and broadly saccate lip, while the column is strongly
bent. Both features are present in the hybrid, but somewhat modified in
details. The lip is broader, and considerably longer, somewhat recurved at
the sides and apex, and the crest considerably broader, while the column is
rather gradually curved than abruptly bent, though quite unlike the straight
column of A. Ruckeri. The ground colour of the flower is not clear yellow,
as in A. Cliftonii, but rather whitish yellow, largely obliterated by red-
purple markings approaching those of A. Ruckeri. It is an interesting
addition to the genus.—R.A.R.
ki
HREE mreetirigs of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Weenaninets during
August, on the 4th, 17th, and 31st, the first meeting being held on
Wednesday, instead of Tuesday, so as to avoid the inconvenience of a
Meeting on the day after Bank Holiday. The Orchid Committee will meet
On these dates at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS.
The dates of the next two meetings of the Manchester & North of
England Orchid Society are August 19th and September 2nd, when the
Committee will meet at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, at 12 noon, and
the exhibits will be open to inspection from I to 4 p-m.
256 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AUGust, r915
Among illustrations of striking novelties given by our horticultural
contemporaries we notice in recent issues of the Gardeners’ Chromele and
the Gardeners’ Magazine figures of the beautiful albino Cypripedium Curtisii
Sander, which received a First-class Certificate at the R.H.S. meeting
held on June 8th. We note also in the Garden an illustration of the
magnificent example of Odontoglossum Georgius-Rex, which received both
a First-class Certificate and a Lindley Medal at the recent Holland
House Show.
Tue Roti oF Honour.—The sympathy of our readers will be extended
to two distinguished Scottish horticulturists whose sons were killed in
action in the Dardanelles on June 28th. Captain Peter I. Whitton, of the
7th Scottish Rifles, was the son of Mr. James Whitton, V.M.H.,
Superintendent of Glasgow Parks. He was in his 38th year, and leaves
a widow and child to mourn his loss. Lieut. Isaac Bayley Balfour, who was
in his 26th year, was the:son of Prof. I. Bayley Balfour, Regius Keeper of
the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Lieut. Balfour was attached to the
Ist K.O.S.B., and was killed when taking part in fhe successful advance of
the British troops.
BULBOPHYLLUM BaLFOURIANUM, n. sp.—A remarkable New Guinea
species, exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, at the R.H.S.
meeting held on July 2oth last, and to which an Award of Merit was
given. It closely resembles B. Fletcherianum in habit, and in its curious
glaucous leaves, but has much shorter, broadly ovate sepals, which are about
1} inches long, and closely dotted all over with lurid red-purple on @ light
whitish yellow ground. The petals are smaller than the sepals, but similar
in colour and with a crenulate undulate margin, while the larger recurved
fleshy lip is dark lurid red-purple. The flowers recall a Stapelia in several
respects.—R.A.R.
e ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
rchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents
ntry or parentage of plants sent. An ADURESSED postcard m
are
t be
sent tf a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of special
he work}.
ne a ee bifolia (Habenaria bifolia of the British Floras.), a rather ami
S.L. & Co.—Epidendrum ne ie, 13 indl., Bulbop mie
devkifeea 1 nemorale, Lindl., Polystachya cultrata, Lind! hich 4
nesott ae ep ia and Eria species not yet identified. Thanks for flowers, 00
C.A.—Many thanks. We w; se oe
: e will report later. Through absence we are una)” | ve
pu ey up. Several other correspondents will much oblige by excusing an immeciat
3%)
Tye Orchid ‘Review .
Jf
VoL. XXIII. SEPTEMBER, 1915. No. 273.
b. 6o
EA OUR NOTE BOOK. | Bec]
eo month, in speaking of an Orchid now believed to be extinct in
Britain (p. 226), we alluded to a press cutting that had reached us,
but that was not available at the moment. Here it is :—
RARE ORCHID IN KENT.
Not long ago it was announced that the ‘‘ Botanical Fugitive ” had
been found in Northern France, and this week a very fine specimen has
been discovered in East Kent, on land adjoining Lord Kitchener’s estate
near Canterbury. The remarkable double appearance of this Orchid,
which at one time was believed to be entirely extinct, is creating great
interest in botanical circles.
We missed that announcement, but have little doubt that it refers
to the Lizard Orchid, Orchis hircina, which, by the way, is common in
certain Continental localities, and not so rare in south-east England as is
sometimes supposed, as a recent discussion in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
shows. Mr. F. Brock records (p. 77) that a fine specimen of the Lizard
Orchid was found growing in a chalky pasture near the gardens at Good-
wood on June 30th, and remarked that he had not found a previous record
for Sussex. The note elicited three replies (pp. 108, 122), in which the
British records are dealt with very fuliy. It appears that there are three
or four earlier records for Sussex, and something like twenty for Kent,
while the plant has also been found in Surrey, East Suffolk, Hampshire,
and Wilts. It appears to be increasing in Kent, and is said to occur every
year in a locality where it is preserved. It is said to have been known in
Kent ever since 1641, and until 1858 was fairly well known, but for the
next forty years it was feared that it was extinct in this country, when, in
1898, to everyone’s delight, a specimen was discovered on the Wye Downs.
Since then the numbers appear to have been increasing, and let us hope
will continue to do so.
257
258 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
An article in Nature, entitled ‘‘ Evolution the other way about,” has
just caught our eye. It isa review ofa book entitled Histoire de ’Involution
Naturelle, by Dr. E. Marconi, who apparently views the current ideas
about Evolution from an inverted standpoint. ‘The mistake the
evolutionists have made in contemplating the stream of life,” he asserts,
is not a little one; they have actually mistaken the direction of the current.”
Our first idea was that the whole thing might be an elaborate joke, but we
are assured that “the author is obviously sincere and in earnest.” The
reviewer remarks that when he read the words “involution naturelle” on
the title page he hoped that some light would be cast on Prof. Bateson’s
hard saying: ‘“‘ We may as well see whether we are limited to the old view
that evolutionary progress is from the simple to the complex, and whether
after all it is conceivable that the process was the other way about.” The
idea now appears to have been considerably elaborated, but the results
are just as disappointing as might have been expected. It may be
summed up in a phrase. We are told that “from an original perfect
manifestation of life man has fallen, and the ape and the tiger, the mole
and the bat are his descendants.”
Whether the author got down to Orchids is not stated, but his views on
their descent would certainly be interesting, for we have recently seen that
they are separated from unicellular plants by an enormous interval. It
never occurred to us, however, to view the matter from the other end,
and it remains for Dr. Marconi to tell us what the first Orchid was like, and
how it got down to Neuwiedia—in which three anthers are normally
developed—and beyond it, for the matter obviously does not end there.
The reviewer reminds us that the arch-heresy has been suggested before,
and describes it as an extraordinary topsy-turvy interpretation of the world,
which recalls a character in a certain novel who could only move about on
his head. We remember the circumstance to which allusion is made,
and our own conclusions thereon (O.R., xxii. p. 261). But is it not, after
all, an over-elaborated joke ?
A correspondent writes to complain of the number of hybrids of
unrecorded or erroneously recorded parentage that appear in the Press; in
one case cited it is alleged that both parentage and raiser are wrong. We
have endeavoured to obtain the information for any necessary correction,
but hitherto without result, so that the matter had better wait for the
present. The difficulty is how to remedy the evil. The importance of
keeping full records has been urged over and over again, and we can only
repeat that neglect of it is creating all the difficulties.
SEPTEMBER, I91S.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259
By W. H. Wuire, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
[ CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER. °
T is, of course, impossible to forecast what the weather is likely to be
during September, but should it continue damp and unsettled, as it
has been during the greater part of August, the management of Orchids
should be modified as regards atmospheric moisture, it being a mistake to
maintain the same standard as in warm dry weather. And more especially
should this be the case in the Cattleya, Intermediate, and Cool houses. As
regards the warmer division, a certain amount of moisture should be
maintained, in order to counteract the drying effects of artificial heat
necessary in keeping up a proper temperature. But even here, especially
in low-lying districts, damping down should not be too frequently performed.
Until there is need of more artificial heat, the East Indian, Cattleya, and
Mexican divisions may be damped down to a moderate extent morning and
evening, while the Intermediate and Odontoglossum houses will have the
requirements of the plants met by one thorough damping down in the
morning in dull weather, merely sprinkling the paths again lightly in the
afternoon if the day has been sunny. It is not good practice to keep on
damping down and syringing each time the air in the houses gets in the
least degree dry, especially in the autumn, when a great number of the
plants are finishing up, or have completed their growth for the season. To
enable the new growths and new pseudobulbs to mature, and to prevent or
check the development of spot, to which nearly all Orchids are liable, each
division should be allowed to get comparatively dry for a few hours during
the middle of the day.
It is also very important, at this season, that plenty of sunshine should
reach such plants as the deciduous Calanthes, Dendrobiums that have
completed their growth, Thunias, Cattleyas and Lelias, terete-leaved
Vandas, Catasetums, Cycnoches, Mormodes, Pleiones, Schomburgkias, &c.,
also those plants which occupy the Mexican division, and that the house or
division in which these plants are should be well ventilated, as much fresh
air as possible being admitted to every part whenever it can be done without
causing any great fluctuation in the temperatures. In the absence of
sunshine the plants do not dry up so quickly as the grower would like, and
a good deal of judgment is required in affording water, so that the operator
will have to be guided by the state of each plant, whether in active growth,
at rest, or approaching the flowering stage.
It will also be necessary to gradually expose the collection, as a whole,
to more sunlight, and to reduce the amount of shading. Discrimination
260 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1915-
must be used, especially where a varied collection is grown, some species
being liable to considerable injury if exposed to strong sunlight, and
amongst those that are thus readily affected are Phalenopsis, Angrecum,
Arachnanthe Lowii, Phaius simulans, evergreen Calanthes, Vandas of the
tricolor and suavis section, Bulbophyllums, Cirrhopetalums, Cypripediums,
Bolleas, Pescatoreas, Eulophiella Elizabethe and Peetersiana, Cymbidiums,
Lycastes, Miltonias, and many of the cooler-growing Oncidiums, Masdeval-
lias, and Odontoglossums. It is most difficult, in fact almost impossible,
to give precise directions as to what the grower should do, or not do, in
every particular, therefore a great deal must be left to one’s own judgment.
But there is one important matter which should not be overlooked, namely,
that when the blinds or shadings are down during the middle hours of the
day, it is necessary to guard against over- ventilation or draughts,
particularly in the growing houses, so as to minimise the risk of fuictaaties
in the temperatures through cold winds.
CALANTHES.—The new pseudobulbs of the deciduous Calanthes are now
well advanced, and in order+to obtain strong flower spikes, and to secure
clear bright-coloured ‘flowers, the plants should be afforded plenty of room,
so that each may receive its due share of sunlight. To this end it is advisable
to elevate them well up to the roof glass, and to shade them no
more than is absolutely necessary to prevent the sun’s rays from damaging
the foliage or pseudobulbs. During the middle hours of the day, when the
sun is bright, only a very thin shade is needed, but if exposed to the sun-
shine early in the morning, and again in the afternoon, the bulbs will
finish up strongly. In the extra light the plants will dry more quickly, and:
will require plenty of water at the root, and an alternate watering with
liquid manure water wil! be beneficial. Plants of the C. Regnieri section,
that bloom in the spring, are only about half-way through their growing,
season, and should therefore be treated the same as the others were when
in full growth. Plants of the evergreen section, which includes C.
veratrifolia, Masuca, Dominii, &c., are also making their growth, and
should be plentifully supplied with water. Vigorous well-rooted plants
appreciate an occasional dose of manure water. These plants thrive best’
in a shady part of the Cattleya or Intermediate house, with the foliage
well up to the roof glass. Plenty of light is good for them, but strong
direct sunshine will injure the foliage and check growth. C. veratrifolia.
may occasionally be seen growing vigorously when subjected to the
ordinary stove-house treatment.
PLEIONES.—Such Pleiones as P. maculata, lagenaria, pracox, and the
variety Wallichiana need plenty of light, air, and water until the foliage
begins to change colour, when the compost should be kept merely moist.
Within a few weeks after the leaves have fallen, the flowers will begin to
SEPTEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261
appear from the base of the newly-made pseudobulbs, and, if kept in a
rather dry and cool position, the pretty flowers will last for some consider-
able time. Even when used for room decoration the flowers last a long
time, neither the dry air nor lack of light affecting them or the plants; in
fact they always seem to break away stronger after their short rest in the
dwelling house. Pleione flowers are easily gathered by giving them a
gentle pull, when the stem will readily part from the base of the breaks,
and will be much longer than when cut.
MISCELLANEOUS ORcHIDS.—Well-rooted plants of Peristeria elata (the
Dove Orchid) that are growing freely in the Warm house will need plenty
of water at the root, and must be gradually exposed to more sunlight. Any
plants of Chysis bractescens, C. levis, Limminghei, aurea, Chelsoni, and
Sedenii that have been growing in the Cattleya house, and are rather back-
ward, should at once be removed to a warmer temperature, where their
growths will mature more quickly. The roots will need plenty of moisture
until the leaves commence to change colour and fall off, when the plants
may be removed to a sunny position in the Cattleya or Mexican house.
CaG:LOGYNE CRISTATA.—Well-established plants of Caelogyne cristata
now need abundance of water at the root, but constant saturation should
be avoided, or the compost will quickly decay, and the plants suffer thereby.
As the new pseudobulbs commence to form, occasional applications of weak
liquid manure water will be beneficial. Elevate each plant well up to the
roof glass, and gradually accustom them to more sunlight and air. Over-
dryness at the root or in the atmosphere at this season is almost sure to
result in small weakly growths.
BarRKERIAS.—The different species of Barkeria, as B. elegans, Skinneri,
spectabilis, Lindleyana, and cyclotella are well worthy of attention, as
their flower spikes, which are large in proportion to the size of the plants,
present a gay appearance for a long time during the dull season. These
plants are now growing rapidly under Mexican house treatment, and their
development should be encouraged in every respect. Except during the
hottest part of the day, afford the plants very little shade. They should be
firmly fixed in pots, filled with crocks, and surfaced with a thin layer of
living sphagnum moss. When growing freely they appreciate the sphagnum
growing luxuriantly around their base. While at rest keep them well on
the dry side.
CooL Housr.—In the Cool house the majority of the Lycastes are in
full growth, and the plants will require copious waterings from now until the
pseudobulbs are fully made up. The same remarks apply to Odontoglossum
grande, Williamsianum, Schlieperianum, O. Insleayi and its variety
splendens. Neither these nor the Lycastes should be sprayed overhead
at any time, as they are prone to decay if water remains in the growths.
262 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1915,
OncipiuMs.—Some of the plants of Oncidium Kramerianum and QO.
Papilio, known as the Butterfly Orchids, are now in bloom, and will -
continue for a considerable period to produce fresh flowers from each stem.
It is always advisable to study the future welfare of these plants, and not
prolong their flowering season unduly, or the plants will deteriorate and
possibly dwindle away. Remove each spike, therefore, when it has
produced three or four flowers. These beautiful and interesting Orchids
prefer a light position at all times, and the plants should be suspended from
the roof glass of the Cattleya house. Both may be grown in shallow pans,
and require a very small quantity of material in which to root. Whilst
making their growth, plenty of root moisture is necessary, but when at rest
keep the compost rather on the dry side.
MaSDEVALLIAS.—In a representative collection of these plants there are
some of the species or hybrids in bloom at all seasons. One section is
characterised. by its brilliant colours, and includes M. Veitchiana, amabilis,
Barlena, ignea, coccinea (Harryana), and its numerous varieties, and
all are of vigorous growth, and very floriferous. The orange-scarlet M.
ignea and its varieties are very desirable plants, flowering in winter and
early spring, and remaining in good condition a long time. Of the distinct
species deserving of general cultivation are the yellow-flowered M. Davisii,
and the pure white M. tovarensis, the latter species being specially valuable
for cut flowers.
Among the dwarf-growing species may be mentioned M. Wageneriana,
Estrade, picturata, O’Brieniana, caudata (Shuttleworthii), Arminil,
floribunda, melanopus, hieroglyphica, ionocharis, and triadactylites, all of
which form lovely objects when well flowered. The curious and interesting
M. muscosa and M. xipheres should be in every collection, being always
attractive to visitors, the hairy pedicels and the extraordinary sensitiveness
of the labellum being the principal attractions. Upon the slightest touch
in the centre of the lip with a pin, at first slowly and then quite suddenly,
it closes itself upwards on to the column, where it remains for some time
before descending again. These dwarf-growing Masdevallias succeed 1m
comparatively small pots or shallow pans, and should be elevated upon 4
separate stage well up to the roof glass, as they do not flower so well if kept
far from the light.
Contrasting greatly in size of growth and flower with these dwarf
varieties are M. elephanticeps, Ephippium, peristeria, coriacea, &c., which
are grown principally for the singularity and quaintness of their flowers-
M. macrura, which blooms during winter, is the giant of them all, having
leaves more like a Cattleya in size than a Masdevallia, and produces large
flowers of a pleasing reddish-brown colour. Many pretty and interesting
hybrids are also well worthy of attention, and these include M. Courtauldiana,
SEPTEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263
Shuttryana and var. Chamberlainii, Gairiana, Stella, Chelsonii, Geleniana,
Rushtonii, and several others.
Such species as M. platyglossa, M. leontoglossa, and several others that
produce their flowers in a downward direction should be placed in shallow
baskets. There are many other Masdevallias that could be mentioned, but
it is not necessary to give a complete list.
The best months for potting or topdressing these plants, if the roots.
have to be disturbed, are the beginning of September and February. The
present time is preferable for the majority of them, because it is now that
they make the greatest number of roots, and the cool moist weather during
the autumn is favourable to their speedy re-establishment. In most
collections where these plants are cultivated there are sure to be some
specimens that need attention. Large over-grown masses, that have
become bare of foliage in the centre, may be divided and made up anew, or
may be carefully separated and put into small pots and grown on into nice
compact specimens. In some cases where the soil has become sour and
stagnant it may be carefully removed and replaced with fresh. Masdevallias,
especially the strong-growing kinds, make many roots, and accordingly
require a good amount of space. .
' The pots should be two-thirds filled with clean crocks for drainage, while
the potting material may consist of chopped osmunda fibre. Pot moderately
firmly, keep the base of the leaves on a level with the rim of the pot, and
carefully work the compost between the roots. Do not afford much water
until the roots are seen pushing their way into the new fibre, or both they
and the leaves will quickly decay. Shade the plants for a time from all
sunshine, and maintain a moist atmosphere by damping between the pots
two or three times a day, or, if the weather becomes colder, one damping
will be sufficient. M. tovarensis should not be disturbed by repotting now,
unless a plant be in bad condition at the root. Masdevallias delight in
plenty of fresh air, but all cold draughts should be avoided, especially when:
the wind is in the north, east, or north-east. Ventilate freely whenever the
external air is calm and moist, and the temperature outside is above 50°.
Coo. HousE.—Other plants that thrive well under the same cultural
conditions as the Masdevallias are Pleurothallis, several of which are well
worth growing on account of the singular beauty and curious structure of
their flowers, as P. Roezlii, picta, ornata, punctulata, macroblepharis (the
Gnat Orchid), rhombipetala, &c., also many kinds of Restrepia, Octomeria,
Stelis, Aérides japonica, Angraecum falcatum (with fragrant white flowers),
Promenza xanthina, stapelioides, and Rollissonii, Stenoglottis fimbriata,
the pretty Australian Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii, Hartmannii, &e., &c.
OpontoGLossuM.—Few Orchids are more highly appreciated than the:
264 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
4)dontoglossum, especially the O. crispum and Pescatorei types, also the
numerous beautiful hybrids obtained from these and other Cool house
‘species. Where a large collection of these Orchids are grown there are
always some of them in bloom. Those which flowered early in the year
are now making new growth, and the roots from these growths will soon be
pushing freely in all directions, so that no time should be lost in affording
fresh material to those requiring it. Although individual plants may be
repotted at almost any time of the year, the month of September is the
best time for a general overhauling of the oo and for giving to those
that require it fresh pots, materials, &c.
At this season the air is of so genial a nature that with very little trouble
a suitable atmosphere for the plants can be maintained, and this, as every
cultivator knows, is of the greatest assistance to the plants in quickly
re-establishing themselves. The young breaks now pushing will soon
send out roots from their. base, which, having new and fresh compost
to root in, are well at home before winter commences. Those plants
that are in a dormant condition should not be disturbed by repotting
until their new growths are several inches high. A suitable compost for
these Cool house plants is one consisting of osmunda fibre, Ar fibre, cut up
moderately fine, and chopped. sphagnum moss in equal proportions, these
being well mixed together, and a few small crocks added in the process of
repotting, to keep the soil. porous.. Some growers prefer the addition of
polypodium fibre, others osmunda fibre only, and, in many cases, with very
good results. In all cases the pots should be clean, and about half-filled
with crocks. Pot each plant with moderate firmness, keeping the base of
the young growths about on a level with the rim of the pot.
Some old plants may be in bad health through overflowering, &c., and
any such should be turned out of their pots, and, when thoroughly cleansed,
placed in pots as small as it is possible to get them into. Healthy
specimens that need increased root.room should be merely turned out of
the old receptacles and placed into larger pots without otherwise disturbing
the roots. There will probably. be several back pseudobulbs on nearly all
the plants. These may be severed at the rhizome, leaving two or three
bulbs behind each leading growth. The back bulbs may be placed in small
pots filled with crocks, and when they break may be potted.
After repotting afford water sparingly, keeping the surface of the
compost fairly moist, then, as time goes on, and the plants are making
suitable progress, the amount of water may be increased gradually, always
allowing the compost to become moderately dry before it is again watered.
Keep the atmosphere fairly moist. Admit plenty of fresh air, especially at
night, whenever the weather is mild, and always shade the plants from all
strong sunshine.
SEPFEMBER, I915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265
ces AERIDES SCHREDERI. Aas
Bridge, Haywards Heath. It was obtained from the collection of
A interesting Aérides has just flowered with Mr. E. V. Low, Vale
Fig. 34. AERIDES SCHRG@DERI.
the late Mr. R. I, Measures, of Camberwell, on its dispersal a few years
4g0. The plant has a notable history. It originated in the collection of.
Mr. J. H. Schréder, of Stratford Green, Essex, about seventy years ago,
and was figured and described in 1850, under the name of O. maculosum
Schreederi, Henfr. (Gard. Mag. of Bot., ii. p- 121; with plate and fig.). - It
266 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
is said to have been purchased about six years previously, at Stevens’
Rooms, Covent Garden, out of a small importation from the hills of
Bombay. Mr. Schréder then remarked: ‘‘ My attention was drawn to it
by its very distinct habit, and the remains of a flower-spike from every
leaf. We have flowered it now for three years, and each year finer than
the preceding. It appears to be a hybrid between Aérides crispum and
maculosum, and on that account I value it the more, as I do not think
it is likely to be imported again.” The remark is significant, for at that
time no artificially-raised hybrid Orchid was in existence, and the date was
at least two years before the appearance of Phalznopsis intermedia,
hitherto considered to be the earliest recognised tropical natural hybrid
Orchid. Henfrey himself remarked: ‘This plant seems to bear a close
resemblance to A. maculosum, from which it can hardly be specificially
distinct, although in the shape of the lateral teeth of the lip, and in the
bifid tubercle between them, it appears to differ slightly. Considering the
much greater differences between the other species we prefer to regard this
as a variety.” Some time later A. maculosum Schrcederi was also well
figured in Pescatorea (t. 33).
An interesting addition was made to its history by Mr. John Day, who,
in June, 1870, made a painting of the flowers (Orch. Draw., xv. t. 71). He
then remarked: “One of the most beautiful varieties of this exquisite
genus in cultivation. It differs in the general habit and appearance of the
plant from A. maculosum (of which it is considered to be a variety) very
strikingly. It is a far taller and more vigorous plant, attaining to the
height of a foot or eighteen inches, and bearing 30 or 40 leaves. It is much
freer in growth, and much more easy to cultivate. All the plants, and
there are many in cultivation, are said to have been propagated from a
single specimen bought at Stevens’ by Mr. Schréder, which he had the
discernment to pick out of an importation from Bombay. He has told me
he made £300 or £400 by it. It is a plant which always maintains its
prices, small plants always fetching £20 at Stevens’, at the least, and when
stronger £40 or £60.”
The idea of its being a natural hybrid is fairly borne out by the facts,
for, though most resembling A. maculosum in floral details, it is much
nearer to A. crispum in its elongated stem. Unfortunately, no specimen 1s
available for a more exact comparison. The two species in question are
known to grow together, and the late Dr. Theodore Cooke collected both
at Mahableshwar, in the Deccan. If this view is correct, the name A.
Schroederi, under which it was known in gardens (Allg. Gartenz., 1855, P-
226), and as which it was subsequently figured (Gard. Chron., 1880, i. PP-
492, 493, fig. 87), is the correct one. Through the courtesy of the Editor
of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, we are able to reproduce this figure.
SEPTEMBER, 19Q15.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 267
Probably Reichenbach overlooked ‘the preceding when, in 1882, he
described Aérides illustre as ‘‘n. hyb. nat. ?”’ (Gard. Chron., 1882, ii. p.-71).
He remarked : ‘‘ Grand and glorious as this plant is, it is very difficult. . It
was selected out of an importation of Aérides crispum at Mr. Low’s by
reason of its having very broad and short leaves, with comparatively few
dark spots. Now these broad leaves and the apparently unbranched
raceme keep it away from Aérides maculosum.. It has also larger flowers,
sepals and petals much broader, with a lilac hue on the white colour, and
with very few blotches, mostly only on the inner side of the petals. The
lip is grand, conspicuous by its finest amethyst purple, with those
longitudinal marks at the base which form a character of maculosum.. The
basal callus is bigeminous, sulcate in the middle. The spur is exserted,
and quite that of A. maculosum. The column gives me the impression of
being intermediate between the long one of A. crispum and the short one of
A.maculosum. I obtained this grand thing from Sir Trevor Lawrence.”
Of this, unfortunately, neither specimen nor figure is available for
comparison. Messrs. Veitch associate it doubtfully with A. crispum (Man.
Orch., vii. p. 57), but it is clearly intermediate, and may be only a form of
A. Schrader If the pollen of A. maculosum is available, it would be
interesting to cross the two species together. R. A. ROLFE.
ees | - HARDY CYPRIPEDIUMS. Ze |
ORTH America was formerly thought to be the headquarters of the
hardy Cypripediums, several of which have long been known in
gardens, but the discoveries of recent years have shown that they are still
more numerous in Eastern Asia, and in view of the probability of more of
them being introduced to cultivation a correspondent suggests that some
notes on them would be interesting. The remark recalls the fact that an
outline of the genus was given in these pages in 1896 (O.R., iv. pp- 332-334)»
at which time 28 species were known, and it would be useful to enumerate
those that have since been described. We may taken them in their
chronological order.
C. YaTapEanuM, Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, xiii. p. 91.—A Japanese
Species, described in 1899, from materials collected on Mt. Togakushi-yama,
In the province of Shinano, by R. Yatabe. The Japanese name is given as
Kibana-no-atsumoriso, and it is said to be closely allied to C. guttatum,
Swartz, but to be remarkable for the clavate-spathulate apex of the petals.
The sepals and petals are yellowish-green and the lip purplish.
C. vecanum, Cockerell & Barker, in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washingt., xiv. ps
178.—A North American species, described in 1901, from materials collected
268 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1915.
at Sapello Canyon, Las Vegas Range, N. Mexico, at. about 8,000 feet
elevation, flowering in June.. It is said to be allied to C. pubescens and C.
parviflorum, but to differ from both. The flowers are yellow and very
slightly fragrant.
C. Knicut1#, A. Nelson in Coult. Bot. Gazette, xlii. p. 48.—A Nort
American Species, described in 1906, from materials collected at Medicine
Bow Mountains, Wyoming, by Mrs. Knight. It is allied to C. fasciculatum,
Kellogg, and has dark purple sepals and petals, and ochroleucous or
greenish yellow lip, with the infolded margin dark purple. It has also been
found at Uinta Mountains, Utah, and Estes Park and Encampment Creek,
Colorado.
C. Witsonn, Rolfe in Kew. Bull., 1906, p. 379.—A Chinese species,
collected by Mr. E. H. Wilson in the province of Szechuen, at Meng Hu
Kang, a pass between Wangtung and Mosimien, on the road from Tzutati
to Tatienlu, in woods in dense shade at 8000 feet elevation. It is the
largest-flowered species known, and is allied to C. fasciolatum, Franch.
The sepals and petals are alternately striped with yellow and chocolate, and
the large globose lip is light yellow with chocolate spots.
C. sPEciosuM, Rolfe in Kew Bull., 1911, p. 207.—A Japanese species,
allied to the Siberian C. macranthum, Swartz, but having white or pale
pink flowers, veined with rose. It is said to extend as far North as Urup,
in the Kurile Islands. It is figured at t. 8386 of the Botanical Magazine.
C. Warp1I#, Rolfe in Notes. R. Bot. Gard. E'dinb., viii. (1913), p. 128.—A
Tibet species, described from materials collected by F. Kingdom Ward at
Kung-a-tong, on broken limestone cliffs in the shade of the deep forest, at
10,000 feet elevation. It is allied to C. guttatum, Swartz. The colour is
not recorded, but the dried specimen shows some large purple spots on the
lip, while the rest of the flower is pale in colour.
C. BarBEy1, Camus, Monogr. Orch. Eur. (1908), p. 453.—This is the
natural hybrid described and figured by Barbey, in 1891, under the name of
C. Calceolus X macranthos, which is now believed to be identical with C.
ventricosum, Thunb. Its history has been given at pp. 185-186 of our
twelfth volume.
C. FRANCHETH, Rolfe in Orch. Rev., xx. (Ig12) p. 358, fig. 49.—An ally
of C. macranthum, Swartz, with which it was formerly confused, but easily
separated by its copiously villous stems, and globose lip. It was intro-
duced by Mr. E. H. Wilson from the Tibet borderland, and flowered at
the Arnold Arboretum in June, 1912. It also occurs in several localities in
Western China at about 7000 feet elevation.
C. MicRosaccos, Kranz. in Journ. Russ. Bot., 1913, p. 58.—A Siberian
plant, described from materials collected by Docturowsky, near the river
Tirma. The sepals and petals are described as purple brown, and the lip
SEPTEMBER, {915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269
as yellow. It is said to be near C. Calceolus, but to have broader leaves,
though it may be a variety of it.
These, if all are distinct, would bring the number of species up to 36,
of which 22 are exclusively Asiatic, 12 exclusively American, and two—C.
arietinum and C. guttatum—common to both. The Asiatic species are
most common in China, where 16 are found, of which C. japonicum occurs
also in Japan, C. tibeticum in Northern India, and C. arietinum in North
Temperate America, while C. guttatum extends from Central Russia,
through Asia to Alaska. Three others occur in the Himalayas, two in
Japan, and three in Siberia (one, however, being doubtful), and of these
C. Calceolus extends westward to Europe, as far as Britain. The 14
American species are northern with the exception of C. Irapeanum, a large
yellow-flowered species which is a native of Mexico and Guatemala.
Two of the Asiatic species have been introduced to cultivation since our
previous enumeration, both by Mr. E. H. Wilson, namely C. tibeticum and
C. luteum. The former flowered with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, in
April, 1905, and was figured at t. 8070 of the Botanical Magazine. Itis an
ally of C. macranthum, and occurs in the Chino-Tibet borderland at
10,000-13,000 feet elevation. Its extreme abundance may be seen in a
photograph by Mr. Wilson (QO.R., xxi. p. 81, fig. 22). C. luteum flowered
at the Arnold Arboretum in May, Igt1, and closely resembles 'C. Reginz
except in having yellow flowers. Its history and figure have already
appeared (O.R., xxi. p. 80, fig. 21).
As to the other cultivated species, C. speciosum and C. Franchetii are
mentioned above, while C. macranthum and C. Calceolus are too well
Known to require description. C. japonicum is remarkable for its palm-
like leaves, the veins radiating to the extreme margin, while the sepals and
petals are greenish, and the large white lip has a few purple veins. C.
guttatum is a very pretty little plant, having medium-sized white flowers,
with large red-purple blotches (Bot. Mag., t- 7746). Lastly, C. debile is a
very singular Japanese species, bearing a pair of nearly opposite cordate
leaves, and a small drooping flower, with light green sepals and petals, anda
small white lip, veined with purple round the mouth (Bot. Mag., t. 8183). The
other Chinese species, so far as we know, are not yet in cultivation. R.A.R.
Sr . .
CaTTLeyaA Warscewiczil var. Mrs. E. AsHWwoRTH.—This 1s a very
beautiful variety of C. Warscewiczil, differing from the type in having
blush-pink flowers, and the blotches in the throat very light yellow. A fine
plant was exhibited at the recent Holland House Show by Messrs. Charles-
worth & Co., Haywards Heath, and received a First-class Certificate. The
Variety has been known for some eighteen years, for it was exhibited at a
meeting of the R.H.S. held on July 27th, 1897, by E. Ashworth, Esq.,
270 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915
Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, and received an Award of Merit (O.R., v. p. 255).
It was then recorded as having blush-white flowers, with a tinge of yellow
on the disc of the lip, and a small lilac mark in front.
War Items.—Orchidists, says the Gardeners’ Chronicle, will be interested
to hear news of M. Chas. Maron, the well-known raiser of Orchids of
Brunoy, France, who has officiated with many of them at the International
Exhibitions both in England and on the Continent. M. Maron writes that
all the male members of his family are away on active service. Assistance
in the Orchid houses being difficult to get, he is almost alone, and can only
do the most important work. Nevertheless, he says the plants do not seem
much the worse for lack of attention. He has some specially interesting
things which he is looking forward to flowering in the autumn, notably
crosses between Brassocattleya Orpheus and Cattleya Warscewiczii alba,
and other crosses of this pure white form of C. Warscewiczil.
ig CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII FRAU MELANIE BEYRODT. q
HIS is one of the most beautiful Cattleyas in cultivation, as the large
and well-shaped white flowers are set off very effectively by the broad
purple front lobe of the lip, itself neatly margined with white. It is
interesting to note that a group of eight well-grown plants from the
collection of John Leeman, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey,
appeared at the meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society held on July
22nd last, making a very effective display. Two good plants were also
-exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Hall on August 4th, from the
collection of H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill. The variety has
an excellent constitution, and lends itself well to propagation, for a good
many plants are now known, and it may be interesting to give its history.
The earliest recorded appearance that we know of is July, 1904, when it
was exhibited at the Holland House Show of the R.H.S. by Herr Otto
Beyrodt, Marienfelde, Berlin, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. A
figure was then published (Journ. Hort., 1904, ii. p. 257), in which its
general character is well shown.
How long previously the variety may
‘have been known we cannot say, but three years later Mr. J. M. Black,
speaking of Orchids at Enfield, alluded to Cattleya gigas Frau Melanie
‘Beyrodt as ‘“‘the famous albino which this firm (Hugh Low & Co.) has
placed in nearly all the good Cattleya collections in Europe ”’ (O.R., Xv. P-
144). He added: “ This plant has a wonderful constitution, and simply
delights in being cut up. To illustrate this, a leading bulb which had been
cut off before last growing season made two growths nearly equal to itself
SEPTEMEER, I915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271
in size.” We believe that the figure given at p. 240 of our last volume
represents one of the divisions of this particular plant. In August, 1906, it
received a Diploma of Honour at Brussels, and was figured under the name
of C. Warscewiczii var. Madame Melanie Beyrodt (Cogn. & Gooss. Dict. Ic.
Orch., Catt. 1 A). The finest plant that we remember to have seen was
exhibited by Lt.-Col. G. L. Holford at the R.H.S. meeting on July 21st,
1908. It bore 22 flowers, and received a Caltural Comimendation.
OTHER WHITE VARIETIES.
The earliest true albino that we know of appeared in the establishment
of Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley, New York, in 1888, and was described by
Reichenbach under the name of C. labiata Warscewiczii rochellensis
(Gard. Chron., 1888, ii. p. 533). It is said to have snow white flowers, with
a deep yellow disc (the two blotches being confluent), and an exceedingly
light, evanescent purplish hue on the front of the lip. It is figured in
Reichenbachia (ser. 1, ii. p. 81, t. 85), where, however, the purple tinge does
not appear. It passed into the collection of F. L. Ames, Esq., North
Easton, Mass., but we do not know what subsequently became of it. It
was noted as C. Warscewiczii rochellensis in these pages in 1898 (O.R., vi.
p- 326). :
In 1899 a record of another white variety appeared (O.R., vil. p. 232),
in an account of the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard. Mr.
Burberry then wrote: ‘‘ Much interest is just now centred on a plant of
what was purchased (newly imported) for a pure white Cattleya
Warscewiczii (gigas), as the time is approaching when it may probably
flower. We earnestly hope it may turn out to be what it was represented
to be.” Of this also we have no further information.
Next we come to C. Warscewiczii Wigan’s var., which received a First-
class Certificate from the R.H.S. on August 29th, 1g01. It was described
as a beautiful white form, having the front lobe of the lip marbled with
rose, except at the margin (O.R., ix. p. 339).
C. Warscewiczii White Queen flowered in the collection of W. P.
Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, E. Yorks., and received an Award of Merit from
the R.H.S. on August 4th, 1903. It was described as a beautiful form,
having white sepals and petals, and the lip mauve-purple in front, margined
with lilac, and with the usual yellow blotches in the throat (O.R., xi. p. 266).
C. Warscewiczii Our Queen was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons,
St. Albans, at the R.H.S. Summer Show, held at Chelsea on July 11th
to 13th, rg05, and received an Award of Merit. It was described as a
beautiful form, having white sepals and petals, and the lip rose-purple, with
the usual pair of pale blotches in the throat (O.R., xiii. p. 246).
Still later we have the chaste C. Warscewiczii alba, for which Messrs.
Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N.J., U.S.A., received a Gold Medal at the
272 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1915:
Horticultural Show held at Boston, Mass., on March 26th, 1rgr1o. It is
said to have come out of a batch of the species imported in the previous
summer, and the flowers are described as absolutely pure white, with a
suffusion of greenish yellow in the throat of the lip (O.R., xvill. p. 232, fig.
14). It was afterwards acquired by Messrs. Stuart Low & Go. (0.8.3)
p. 223), and thence passed into the collection of M. Firmin Lambeau,
Brussels, who exhibited it at the R.H.S. meeting held on July 16th, 1912,
when it received a First-class Certificate and a Gold Medal (O.R., xx. p.
251). It is now being much used for hybridising, and is said to have been
used on all the white forms that were available, and among them C.
Fig. 35. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII ALBA.
Mossie Wageneri, on which a fine capsule was pointed out as likely to give
a pure white form of C. Adonis (O.R., xxi, p. 214). 7
Another beautiful white form was recorded in 1g1t (O.R., xix. p. 319)s
when a photograph was received from Mr. Andrew McDonald, Superin-
tendent of the J. B. Coryell Estate, Menlo Park, San Mateo, California.
There were three flowers, described as gz to ro inches across, and pure
white at first, with some greenish yellow in the throat, but after the
eighteenth day it developed a slight pink tinge in front of the lip, in this
respect recalling the variety rochellensis.
SEPTEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 273.
@| SOCIETIES. |
RoyaL HORTICULTURAL.
HE meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square,
Westminster, on Wednesday, August 4th, was smaller than usual,.
but a few interesting Orchids put in an appearance, and the award list
consisted of one First-class Certificate, two Awards of Merit, and three-
medals.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esg. (in the Chair),.
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, R. Brooman
White, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, J. Charlesworth, Arthur Dye, S. W..
Flory, and F. Sander.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis),
sent a good example of Cattleya Rex, bearing a four-flowered inflorescence,.
the richly-coloured C. Warscewiczii saturata, in which the usual yellow
blotches are suppressed, C. Miss Louisa Fowler, and fine forms of Leelio--
cattleya eximia and Henry Greenwood.
E. G. Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addlestone (gr. Mr. Stevenson),
sent a fine hybrid between Leliocattleya George Woodhams and Cattleya
Rothschildiana, having rose-coloured sepals and petals, and a rich purple:
lip, with some yellow veining in the throat. :
_H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), showed
the «striking -Brassia longissima, and two fine examples of Cattleya.
Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group,
including the handsome Lycaste Balliz, Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, a very
dark form of Odontioda Brewii, and a number of well-grown Odonto--
glossums, conspicuous among them being two beautiful oe of O.
armainvillierense xanthotes (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a small group,
particularly interesting being a plant of the rare Aérides maculosum:
Schreederi, a good example of Rhynchostylis retusa, Vanda coerulea, some
good forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana, and a number of Odontoglossums and
others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a small group of interesting”
things, including good examples of Anguloa Cliftonii and the true A.
uniflora (eburnea), Coelogyne-Mooreana, and some good Leeliocattleyas, the
best being a fine example of L.-c. wisetonensis bearing two spikes and an
aggregate of nine flowers (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent Odontoglossun»
Meredithiz, O. Cerissimum (Ceres X armainvillierense), a promising thing,.
274 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, I9gI5.
‘having the flowers prettily tinged with lilac and blotched with red-brown,
aand an Odontioda derived from O. Bradshawiz and Odontoglossum
Lambeauianum.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
CATTLEYA SYBIL VAR. SCINTILLANT (iridescens X Dowiana aurea).—A
handsome form, having light rose sepals and petals, flushed with yellow,
the base and isthmus of the lip orange with reddish lines, the small side
lobes paler, and the broad front lobe deep ruby-red. Exhibited by J:
Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury. It may be added that seven forms of this
interesting hybrid were figured at page 265 of our last volume, and the
present form approximates to the bicolor type there mentioned.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA HarRoLp FowLer’s var. (Gaskelliana alba X Warscewiczii
Frau Melanie Beyrodt).—A very pretty form, having white flowers of
intermediate character, with a purple blotch on the lip in front of the
yellow disc. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
L&LIOCATTLEYA THYONE FowLer’s var. (L.-c. Ophir x C. Dowiana
aurea).—A charming form, having cowslip yellow sepals and petals, and
the front lobe of the lip claret-purple, with some yellow lines from the base.
Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
At the meeting held on August 17th Orchids were more numerous, and
included a number of choice varieties, three of which gained First-class
‘Certificates and three Awards of Merit. Three Medals were also awarded
to groups.
Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., R. A. Rolfe, R. G.
Thwaites, Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, W. H.
Hatcher, J. E. Shill, C. H. Curtis, W. P. Bound, A. Dye, W. H. White,
S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, and J. Gurney Fowler.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis),
‘was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a choice group, including Cattleya
Hardyana rubens, a large and richly-coloured form, good examples of C.
Dowiana aurea and Gaskelliana, Leliocattleya Prunella (C. Dowiana
aurea X L.-c. George Woodhams), having rose-purple sepals and petals,
and a darker lip, with some yellow veining in the throat, L.-c. eximia vars.
rubens and delicatissima, the latter a beautiful light blush form bearing an
inflorescence of five flowers, Brassocattleya Ilene, and a good plant of
Brassia longissima bearing two spikes.
Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. F. Jones), sent
Leliocattleya rubens Warren House var.,
i a large and handsome form,
having rose-coloured flowers,
with a rich crimson lip.
SEPTEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 275
_ Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park, Bucks (gr. Mr. Cooper), sent
a plant of Cypripedium Transvaal, in which the characters of C. Roths-
childianum and Chamberlainianum are combined.
C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
showed Cypripedium Warnham Fairy (Fairrieanum X Clinkaberryanum),
a very curious hybrid, in which the lateral sepals are free, and somewhat
divergent on each side of the lip, and the narrow petals drooping.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent plants of Cattleya Roupelliana and C. Euphrasia.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group,
including Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes with four spikes, a fine O.
Rolfez, O. laudatum, O. armainvillierense xanthotes, a good example of
. Harryanum, Paphinia cristata, a large specimen of Oncidioda Charles-
worthii with six panicles, Odontioda Brewii and Bradshawiz, Cattleya
O’Brieniana alba, C. Gaskelliana alba, and Odontonia Lairessee (Silver
Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group,
including a fine Anguloa Cliftonii, Bulbophyllum barbigerum, densiflorum,
and others, Brassia Forgetiana, the rare Trichopilia Galeottiana, Cattleya
Atalanta, C. Queen of Sheba (Hardyana X Schilleriana) bearing spikes of
five and seven flowers, Lzeliocattleya Mauretania, Clonia, and bletchleyensis,
Ceelogyne perakensis and Mooreana, Eria velutina, Dendrobium longicornu,
Physosiphon Loddigesii, and various other botanical species (Silver
Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a very pretty form
of Odontoglossum Smithii, Anguloa Cliftonii, and Brassocattleya Ilene var.
‘Goliath, bearing an exceptionally large flower.
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent three diverse forms of Cattleya
Sybil, with buff, flame-coloured and rose sepals and petals, and all with
the bicolor type of lip. (Seven forms of this variable hybrid were figured at
P. 265 of our last volume.)
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, sent a small group of
good things, including Cattleya Whitei var. fulgida, a richly-coloured form,
and C. King-Albert, blush white with a rosy lip and some yellow in the
throat, forms of C. Eldorado, Warscewiczii, Whitei, and Minucia, Aerides
Lobbii, and a good form of Odontoglossum nebulosum.
FirsT-CLAsSs CERTIFICATES.
CaTTLEYA HarpyANa var. His MajesTy.—An exceptionally large and
tichly-coloured form, having rose-purple sepals and petals, and an intense
crimson-purple lip, with a large amount of yellow in the throat. Exhibited
by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.
ODONTONIA CHARLESWORTHIL FOWLER’S. VAR. (M. vexillaria Xx O.
276 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
Uroskinneri).—A very handsome form, with larger flowers and a laxer
inflorescence than in the type, which was figured at p. 241 of our last
volume. The flowers are rosy mauve, with some darker blotching on the
sepals and petals, and some white markings on the lip, which has a
ruby-red band round the yellow crest of the lip. Exhibited by J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq.
ODONTOGLOSSUM PRESIDENT POINCARE (parentage unrecorded).—A
large and handsome hybrid, with very broad light purple sepals and petals,
with some pale lilac blotches at the apex, and the lip white, blotched with
dark purple in front of the brighi yellow crest. Exhibited by J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA DRAPSIANA VAR. VINOSA (Dowiana X Mrs. Pitt).—A richly-
coloured form, having dark vinous purple sepals and petals, and the broad,
crisped lip dark claret-red, with an orange-yellow centre and some yellow
lines at the base. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
CATTLEYA SYBIL VAR. ROTUNDOBELLUM (Dowiana aurea X iridescens).
—A handsome form of the entire lipped type. The sepals and petals are
yellow tinged with rose, and the lip rosy crimson with a large orange-yellow
throat. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
L&ELIOCATTLEYA GOLDEN-QUEEN (parentage unrecorded).—A very
pretty hybrid, of good shape, having light apricot yellow sepals and petals
with faint rosy veining, and a light ruby-red lip, shading off to rose at the
margin, and the throat deep orange-yellow. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory
& Black.
At the meeting held on August 31st exhibits were not numerous, but
included several choice things, and the awards consisted of three First-
class Certificates, two Awards of Merit, and two medals.
Orchid Committee present :—J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),.
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart., R. A. Rolfe, Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, Walter Cobb,
J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, J. E. Shill, W. H. White,
S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, and Gurney Wilson. :
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis),
received a Silver Flora Medal for a small group of choice things, including
forms of Cattleya Iris and Hardyana, Odontonia McNabiana, a richly-
coloured Leliocattleya George-Woodhams, and a few others.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham, staged an interesting
little group, including Leliocattleya callistoglossa and rubens, Odontioda
Thwaitesii, chessingtonensis, Vuylstekez, and Devosiana, with examples of
Odontoglossum Uroskinneri and armainvillierense.
SEPTEMBER, 1915.]| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 277
Lt.-Col. H. V. Warrender, High Grove, Pinner (gr. Mr. Strong), sent a
good plant of Cattleya Clarkiz with three flowers.
Messrs.. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group,
including two richly-coloured forms of Vanda coerulea, a good example of
Lelia Bella (figured at p. 265 of our eighteenth volume), Catasetum
macrocarpum and the rare C. Russellianum, a good example of Habenaria
Susanne, Cattleya Alcimeda (Gaskelliana alba X labiata alba), the rare
Miltonia Schroederi, Sophrocattleya Laconia, Odontioda Red-Cross, Sophro-
lelia Gratrixiz, and several pretty Odontoglossums and Cypripediums.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent Brassocattleya
Ilene magnifica, a fine, rather light-coloured form, B.-c. Andre-Maron (C.
Schreedere x B.-c. Leemaniz), B.-c. Miguel (B. Digbyana X C. Carmen),
a large rosy lilac flower, with some purple marbling on the lip, and a good
form of Leliocattleya rubens.
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent six plants of Cattleya Sybil,
varying much in colour, and five of them with the bicolor type of lip, also
plants of C. Adula.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
CATTLEYA SyBIL VAR. W. R. Lee (Dowiana aurea X iridescens).—A
large and handsome form with the Dowiana type of lip. The sepals and
petals are yellow, with a bronzy rose shade, and the broad entire lip is deep
crimson, with much dark yellow veining in the centre. Exhibited by
W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, Manchester (gr. Mr. C. Branch).
CATASETUM PILEATUM (Bungerothii).—A fine plant, bearing an
inflorescence of nine large white flowers, with a greenish yellow disc to
the broad, shell-shaped lip. Exhibited by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.,
Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. J. Collier).
SOPHROCATTLEYA SYLVIA (S.-c. Doris X C. Hardyana).—A handsome
hybrid, bearing a flower of excellent shape, the sepals and petals being
broad and dark purple in colour, and the broad lip undulate in front, and
tich ruby purple with some yellow veining in the throat. Exhibited by
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CaTTLEyA HARDYANA FowLer’s VAR. (Warscewiczii X Dowiana aurea).
—A very beautiful form, having broad white sepals and petals, and the lip
intense crimson with copious yellow veining. Exhibited by J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq.
L#LIOCATTLEYA EXIMIA DELICATISSIMA (L. purp
—A beautiful light-coloured variety, bearing two spikes of four flowers
each, the sepals and petals being pale lilac, and the lip with radiating light
purple lines all round the disc, and the front blush white. Exhibited by
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
urata x C. Warneri).
278 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 22nd,
_the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G. Ellwood,
J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, S. Swift,
H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
~ Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was awarded a
Large Silver Medal for a group, composed principally of Cattleyas, and
including a fine batch of C. Gaskelliana alba, Leeliocattleyas, a im
Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, and others.
J. Leeman, Esq., Heaton Mersey: (gr. Mr. S. Smith), was awarded a.
Large Silver Medal for a group, including Cattleya Warscewiczii var. Frau
Melanie Beyrodt (eight plants), C. Lord Rothschild, C. Comet, C. Gaskel-
liana vars. The Pearl and albens, Leliocattleya Dominiana, Admiral
Dewey, George Woodhams, and others.
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), staged fine examples of
Anguloa eburnea, Miltonia vee Maxillaria grandiflora, Disa grandiflora.
and var. aurea.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Miltonia Queen
Alexandra, Cypripedium Goweri magnificum, C. Argo-Lawrenceanum,
Odontoglossum tripudians, Bulbophyllum Lobbii, and Masdevallia calara-
Other interesting exhibits are recorded in the Award List.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Leliocattleya Mrs. Harold King (L.-c. epicasta X L.-c. callistoglossa),
a large well-set flower of good shape and substance, with a well-rounded,
deep purple lip, from Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher).
Miltonia Leeana, a magnificent variety, the spike carrying eight flowers,
and the bottom flower 43in. across and 5in. deep, from W. R. Lee, Esq,
Heywood (gr. Mr. W. C. Branch). A Silver Medal was awarded in addition.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum Lambeauianum var. violaceum, a home-raised seedling,
and Lycaste Arthuriana (plana xX Balliz), from R. Ashworth, Esq., New-
church (gr. Mr. W. Gilden).
FirsT-cLass CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. 0. Wrigley, Esq., for Phalaenopsis
Rimestadiana and Lycaste tricolor albens.
SECOND-CLaSs CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To. Mr. J. Lupton, gr. to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., for Cattleya
Gaskelliana albens.
At the meeting held on Thursday, August 18th, the members of Com-
mittee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J- C.
SEPTEMBER, I915.] THE _GRCHID REVIEW. 279
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. R. Handley, Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton,
D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, Z. A. Ward, and
H. Arthur (Sec.).
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch:
(gr. Mr. W. Gilden), for a fine miscellaneous group, including three good
things which appear in the award list.
Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn
(gr. Mr. J. Lupton); to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, and to:
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for fine groups, the first-named
containing several promising seedling Lzliocattleyas, and the last a
number of interesting botanical species.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby
(gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher); Miss Bolton, Penketh, Warrington (gr. Mr..
T. Clare) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. W. W. Field); A. J-
Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. C. Findlow), and O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), several of which appear in the Award List.
A fine plant of the rare Utricularia montana, bearing about 80 blooms,.
was also sent from the collection of W. Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr.
Cain). Although not an Orchid, it is generally grown with them.
FirsT-CLAss CERTIFICATES.
Cypripedium niveum Heatherlea var., a fine round flower of perfect
form, from Miss Bolton.
Cattleya Sybil var. Emmeline, a fine well-set flower of even colour, with
very distinct marking on the lip, from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Leliocattleya Armada (C. fulvescens X L.-c. luminosa), a large
flower, of good shape and colour, with a well-lined lip, from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Awarps OF MERIT.
Miltonia Harwoodii Ashlands var. (C. Neetzliana xX M. vexillaria),-
Oncidium Mantinii Ashworthiz, and Odontoglossum percultum var.,
Brunette, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Sybil var. Arline, from Mrs. le Doux.
FirsT-CLaAss CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
Mr. C. Findlow, gr. to A. J. Oakshott, Esq., for Miltonia vexillaria var-
Enchantress, a magnificent specimen bearing 118 flowers. A Bronze
Medal was also awarded to the gardener.
RENANTHERA STorIEI.—A plant of this handsome Philippine Orchid.
is now flowering at Kew. It has much of the general habit of R. coccinea,
but the flowers are larger, and the lateral sepals are covered with large
crimson blotches. It is well figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7537)»
from a plant that flowered in the collection of the late Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., at Burford, in June, 1896.
-280 THE. ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915
jek ae
HIS beautiful Cattleya was one of the earliest novelties discovered by
the Jate M. Louis Forget, whose portrait is given on the opposite
page, and as the circumstances attending its discovery are there mentioned,
at may be interesting to reproduce the figure.
CATTLEYA VICTORIA-REGINA.
Its history has already
Fig. 36.
CATTLEYA VICTORIA-REGINA.
been given very fully (O.R., ii. pp. 7, 293, 327; iii. p. 17), and it may be
added that M. Forget himself was able to confirm its natural hybrid origin,
which was for some time in;dispute. It is evidently rare in its native habitat,
and it would be interesting to know what has become of the original plants,
or we do not remember to have seen one for a long time. R.A.R.
SEPTEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281
lees OBITUARY: beers
OUIS FORGET.—We deeply regret to learn, from Messrs. Sander &
Sons, St. Albans, of the death of their collector, M. Louis Forget,
which took place on August roth, in Hospital at Rennes, France, from an
affection of the heart. The sad news came quite unexpectedly, as Messrs.
Sander had no idea that he was seriously ill; in fact he was expecting to
return to England, after having spent some months in France.
M. Forget had a long experience in the exploration of South and Central
America, as his journeys extended over almost the whole district from
Fig, 37. M. Louts ForGET
Urugnay to Mexico, wherever there was the: likelihood of finding. Orchids
or other interesting plants. Since his first journey to Brazil in 1891,
Forget has been constantly engaged in the work, having only ferarsed to
Europe at rare intervals for a few months at a time. His first journey was
to the Pernambuco district of Brazil to collect the recently-discovered—or
re-discovered—Cattleya labiata, and thanks to his energy and persistent
efforts he was able to send in that year and later on large importation
from what were then unexplored districts. It was at this time that he
discovered Cattleya Victoria-Regina, which, as he himself informed us,
appeared in the first lot of C. Leopoldii pernambucensis from Bonconcelho,
282 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBRR, 1915.
where the latter grows in touch with C. labiata, and he added: “ The year
after I had a terrible time over it, but could not get one.” The point will
be understood when it is remarked that C. Victoria- Reginia was not then
known to be a natural hybrid, and that it was hoped to obtain an
importation of it.
In the early nineties, before the advent of so many hybrid Leeliocattleyas,
“‘ Lelia elegans,” as the plant was then called, was much sought after, and
Forget visited the district and sent home consignments, among which
many fine forms are said to have been found, including a pure white one,
which has since been lost. This would be a form of Lzeliocattleya Schil-
leriana, which was at one time included under L.-c. elegans, and M. Forget
afterwards informed us that both are found in the island of Santa
Catherina, where Lelia purpurata grows in company with Cattleya
intermedia and C. Leopoldii.
M. Forget also rediscovered Lelia Jongheana, a plant that had long been
known from very scanty materials, and sent home a considerable importa-
tion. It was found in the district of Itabira do Campo, and M. Forget
states that Cattleya bicolor; Walkeriana, Loddigesii, and Lelia prestans
grow in touch with it, in the State of Minas Geraes, and that all are cool
Stowers. More recently a large importation of Lzlia Gouldiana was
obtained through him.
Twice M. Forget went to Peru, chiefly in search of the rare Cattleya
Rex. The first consignments were shipwrecked and lost, but the next
time, notwithstanding the long journey, they arrived in fairly good
condition. Forget described the plant to Messrs. Sander as ‘“ flowering
profusely, on bulbs as large as Lelia purpurata, and constituted one of the
finest sights he ever saw.” On these trips he collected a large number of
other Orchids, and among them the original Anguloa uniflora, described by
Ruiz and Pavan as early as 1794, and for which another plant had long
done duty in gardens, while the true plant had acquired the new name of
A. eburnea. A number of novelties also appeared in this collection,
showing that the Orchids of Peru are not yet exhausted.
These are only a few examples of M. Forget’s activities. How extensive
Natural Hybrid Cattleyas which appeared at pp. 293-296 of our fifteenth
se These include two which we do not remember to
ave seen, namely, a pretty little hybrid between Lelia harpophylla and L.
pumila (p. 295), and one between C. gigas Sanderiana and C. Trian®
bogotensis (p. 293). The latter will be a form of C. Ballantiana, raised by
hand. His remarks on Odontoglossum crispum at pp. 326-328 of the
same volume further show how keen an observer he was, and it is to be
SEPTEMBER, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283
feared that much valuable information has been lost by his death. Among
his most interesting letters are those describing his journeys to the eastern
slopes of the Andes, which he crossed wherever he could in Peru and Bolivia.
We may conclude with Messrs. Sander’s tribute to a remarkable man:
‘““He appeared to have an iron constitution, and scarcely ever complained
of his health in all the twenty-three years throughout which he was
collecting and exploring. His sudden death comes therefore as a great
shock and surprise to us. He was absolutely fearless out in the forests,
but disliked intensely the noise and bustle of London and any large town.
He was well received everywhere by the natives, owing to his tact, and he
never carried firearms, not even on a month’s solitary exploration down
the then little-known S. Francisco River and its tributaries, in Brazil.
Louis Forget was every inch a man. He lies buried in the cemetery of
Rennes, in France.” His name is commemorated in Masdevallia
Forgetiana and Brassia Forgetiana, two of the numerous species introduced.
by him to our collections.
FREDERICK MANSON BaILEy, C.M.G.—The death is announced of Mr.
F. M. Bailey, C.M.G., the veteran Colonial Botanist to the Queenstown
Government, who passed away on June zoth, at the advanced age of 88
years. His ‘‘ Contributions to the Flora of Queensland and British New
Guinea,” which have appeared from time to time in the Queensland
Agricultural Journal, contain descriptions of a large number of Orchids,
and his monumental work, The Queensland Flora, includes representatives of
as many as fifty genera. The Orchids were published in 1g02 (vol. v. pp.
1514-1592). He came of a race of gardeners, and his father, who emigrated
in 1838, was at one time Government Botanist of South Australia. The
deceased’s early vears were full of adventure. After assisting his father in
founding a nursery at Adelaide, he took part, in the.fifties, in the gold rush
to Victoria, but was recalled to Adelaide by his father’s illness. Some three
years later he took some land in New Zealand, which. he had to relinquish
when war broke out there. Thence he went to Sidney, and later to
Brisbane, where he set up a seed business, which proved unsuccessful. In.
1875 he was appointed by the Queensland Government to investigate the
cause of diseases in stock and crops, and afterwards became Curator of the
Botanical section of the Queensland Museum. In 1881 he was appointed
Colonial Botanist of Queensland, a position he held at the time of his death,
though during a period of retrenchment there was an interval when the post
was temporarily abolished, but Mr. Bailey continued the work without pay-
It was in 1911, after a period of thirty years’ service, that his work received
official recognition in the award of a C.M.G. His son is Mr. J. F. Bailey,
Director of the Brisbane Botanic Garden.
284 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915.
Fal BRASSIA LONGISSIMA.
VERY striking Brassia is occasionally exhibited under the name of B.
Lawrenceana longissima, and the appearance of a plant at the
R.H.S. meeting held on August 17th last, from the collection of J. Gurney
Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury, reminds us that its history has
never been cleared up, though its distinctness. has long been recognised.
It is a native of Costa Rica, and flowered in the collection of Wentworth
Buller, Esq., Strete Raleigh, near Exeter, in 1868, when it was described
‘by Reichenbach under the name of B. Lawrenceana var. longissima (Gard.
-Chron., 1868, page 1313), the author remarking that, notwithstanding the
unusual length of the segments, he could not help thinking it was but a
form of the old B. Lawrenceana. It was also figured in the Botanical
Magazine (t. 5748). Messrs. Veitch long ago suggested a doubt as to the
correctness of this view (Man. Orch., viii. p. 125), and the information that
has since come to hand leaves no doubt that the two are altogether distinct.
The original B. Lawrenceana flowered in the collection of Mrs.
Lawrence, at Ealing Park, in 1840, and was soon afterwards described and
figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg., 1841, Misc..p. 2, t. 18). It was said to have
come from Brazil, but this was evidently a mistake, for all subsequent
materials have come from Guiana, where it was collected by the late G. S.
Jenman, besides which specimens have been submitted to Kew for determina-
tion by Sir John Kirk that were said to have been obtained from Surinam,
and by Miss Sinnock from Demerara. This original form has comparatively
short sepals and petals, as may be seen in the figure, and is nearly allied
to B. Lanceana, Lindl., another Guiana species.
In B. longissima the sepals are about four times as long, and are drawn
out into elongated slender filaments, while the other parts of the flower are
also distinct. The habitat has been abundantly confirmed, for in May,
1890, Messrs. Sander sent it for determination from ‘“‘ Central America,”
and subsequently it has been sent by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and by
E. Gotto, Esq., in both cases the source being stated as Costa Rica. It is
far superior to B. Lawrenceana as a decorative plant, and is one of the
most distinct Brassias known.
Brassia is a genius very nearly allied to Oncidium—to which, indeed,
Reichenbach reduced it—but is readily distinguished by its much
elongated, very acuminate segments. At least thirty species are known,
but the majority are rarely seen in cultivation, two of the commonest being
B. verrucosa and the stately B. brachiata, an allied species with much
larger flowers. Several others are occasionally met with. R.A.R.
oo
>,
SEPTEMBER, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285;
ees
c. subject of the last essay in the Journal of Horticulture monthly
competition is Odontoglossum crispum, and the. Gold Medal has:
been awarded to Mr. W. E. Dadson, Hooktield Gardens, Epsom, a Silver
Medal being given to Mr. A. R. Moody, 28, Drake Street, Enfield.
Mr. Dadson considers that the best time for repotting is shortly after
flowering, before new roots are formed. The pots must be clean and well-
drained, being about half-filled with crocks, and for potting material he
advises equal parts of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, with no admixture.
After potting, shade the house judiciously during bright weather, and keep:
the atmosphere close for a short time, watering with great caution until the
roots have freely entered the material, when the supply can be increased..
Soft water, whenever obtainable, should be preferred, both for root applica-
tion and spraying, and it should be as nearly as possible of the same
temperature as the house.
As these plants continue their growth right through the winter, watering
mut be carefully attended to, and although a minimum temperature of 50°
degrees should be aimed at, no real damage will occur if the thermometer
falls to 45. Oncold nights an excellent plan is to cover the glass with mats,
and when the blinds are in use they may be let down as additional protec-
tion. Excessive fire heat is never good, so every means must be taken of
preventing a loss of heat from the house, and thus reducing the need for
highly heated pipes.
As the weather improves air must be admitted on all favourable
occasions, and the plants frequently damped down as the weather permits.
When spikes are developing, the plants should be carefully inspected every
day for slugs and snails, which are particularly fond of them. As the
flowers expand shade is very essential, and all the ventilators should be
opened on bright warm days, so that the house may be kept as cool as
possible.
Scale is seldom found on O. crispum, but it is a favourite host for
thrips, which cause much damage to the flower spikes and disfigure the new
gtowths. Fumigation is generally effectual, care being taken that water is
not lodging in the growths, or it may prove a harbour for the thrips until
the fumes have passed away. It is advisable to sponge the leaves once or
twice a year with some safe insecticide.
Mr. Moody recommends as a potting medium two parts of well-pulled
and chopped osmunda fibre, one part of Ar fibre, and one part of perfectly
with a little charcoal and some broken,
CULTURE OF ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. Fel
cleaned, cut-up sphagnum moss,
half-decayed oak leaves.
286 THE ORCHID REVIEW [SEPTEMBER, IQI5.
Ee BIFRENARIA BICORNARIA. A
BIFRENARIA has just flowered in the collection of H. T. Pitt, Esq.,
Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), which proves to be the
rare B. bicornaria, a species that was described by Reichenbach in 1863
(Hamb. Gartenz., 1863, p. 12), from a specimen which flowered in the
collection of Consul Schiller, of Hamburg, and which is said to have been
obtained from Brazil. It was described as an ally of B. aurantiaca, Lindl.
The species seems to have been lost sight of for a considerable time, but in
May, 1886, a plant flowered with Mr. John Day, who made a painting of-it
(Orch. Draw., xxix. t. 91), remarking that it was from a plant sent by
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, at whose nursery they had Prof.
‘Reichenbach’s authority for the name, and he added : “T never saw such
remarkable lateral lobes to the labellum in any other species of the genus.”
The fact is, the lip is very strongly three-lobed, and practically spurless, as
in B. aurantiaca, to which it bears a considerable resemblance in habit.
The inflorescence is about a foot high, and the flowers are deep yellow,
‘strongly barred with brown. The side lobes of the lip are almost entirely
-ofthe latter colour, and may be described as wedge-shaped, with a crenulate
‘apex. Plants of the species have also flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth
.& Co., and at Kew. ; R.A.R.
MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA.—The reproduction of a figure of Masdevallia
‘racemosa showing a raceme of fifteen flowers recalls a crititism made some
years ago (Woolw. Masdevallia): ‘‘ The mistaken idea that each flower-
stem of M. racemosa produces numerous flowers, expanded at the same time,
seems to have originated in the fact that some dried specimens with ten to
fourteen flowers carefully arranged upon the dead stalks, were exhibited at
the first sale of living plants, in 1883. The number of flowers developed at
the same time never exceeds four and rarely exceeds two; among many
specimens, both dried and living, I have never seen a stem with more than
two open flowers. In Consul Lehmann’s descriptions of wild specimens
collected by him, he mentions that the flowers appear 7m succession, some-
times as many as eighteen upon one stem.”
It is a question whether such
erroneous blocks would not be better cancelled, for their reproduction
without a word of warning is only misleading. Indeed the raceme is said
to be “eight to fifteen-flowered,” but there is nothing to show that they are
not open together, as represented. It may be added that the original of this
€rroneous figure is now preserved at Kew, but the flowers are not attached to
the raceme, as shown in the drawing.—R.A.R.
SEPTEMBER, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287
ps ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. |
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during
September, on the 14th and 28th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
ORCHID ExuiBiTs.—At the meeting held on August 17th, Mr. J. Gurney
Fowler announced that the Council had under consideration two new forms
of Award, one for hybrids not sufficiently developed to warrant the Award of
a First-class Certificate or an Award of Merit, the other for rare species
that may not come under the class for which the Scientific Committee now
consider Botanical Certificates. Particulars of the names of the Cards and
Forms of Entry have not yet been decided upon. Exhibitors will be
expected to enter on the forms the fullest information available, and the
proposed arrangement should therefore give interesting notes on plants
which might otherwise escape notice.
Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society
will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 2nd and
16th. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the
inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m.
A fine plant of Miltonia vexillaria is figured in the issue of our American
contemporary, Horticulture, for July 11th, with an article on its culture by
Mr. M. J. Pope. The species is considered one of the best spray Orchids
for either commercial or private use. Mr. Pope remarks that for the last
few years he has used nothing but clean live sphagnum moss, which is kept
gtowing, and is replaced with fresh as soon as it shows signs of decay.
When actively growing he recommends an application of weak liquid
manure about once a week or ten days, which may be increased to double
Strength as the bulbs begin to swell and the flower-spikes push forth.
Feeding is not resorted to at any other time. Mr. Pope has charge of the
very interesting private Orchid collection of Mrs. B. B. Tuttle, of
Naugatuck, Conn., U.S.A.
At the Annual Show of the North Shore Horticultural Society, Mass.,
U.S.A., held on August 6th and 7th last, a Silver Medal was awarded to
Col. Charles Pfaff for Epidendrum prismatocarpum.—H orticulture.
CYPRIPEDIUM PAPUANUM, Ridl.—Among the plants collected on Dr.
Wollaston’s recent expedition to Dutch New Guinea is a Cypripedium
which is now flowering in the collection of the Hon. N. C. Rothschild,
288 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1915-
Ashton Wold, Oundle, and which has been described and figured as
C. papuanum, Ridl. (Gard. Chron., 1915, ii. p. 131, fig. 43). It was found
in bloom in December or January by Mr. C. B. Kloss, the Botanical
collector of the expedition, on Mt. Carstenz, at an elevation of 2500 feet.
The colour of the flower is described as rather dull crimson tinged with
green or greenish yellow. It belongs to the C. javanicum set, and appears
to be the fourth species known from New Guinea.
SOBRALIA DELLENSIS WITH Two LIPs.—A plant of Sobralia dellensis in
the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury, has the
curious habit of persistently producing flowers with two lips. Four stems
were shown at the R.H.S. meeting held on August 31st, in which all the
flowers showed this character, and it has been constant for the last three
years. S. dellensis is a hybrid between S. leucoxantha and S. Lowii, and
was raised in the collection of Baron Sir Henry Schréder, The Dell, Engle-
field Green (O.R., xv. p. 196). The flowers are blush white, with a large
amount of yellow on the disc, and a few purple markings in front.—R.A.R.
Hysrip Recorps.— It seems curious,” sadly writes a correspondent,
“that only a very few people care for accuracy now in parentages, &c.””
We are sure that he does not include us in the remark, and it may be
interesting to repeat our own advice of seventeen years ago (O.R., vi-
324) -—
“Carefully preserve the records of all your crosses. When a seedling
flowers, first ascertain if it has not already been named before proceeding
to christen it. When satisfied that it is really new, see that the name
given is in accordance with rule. Ifa secondary hybrid, keep it unnamed
until satisfied that it is an improvement on existing kinds, or has some
distinctive character to recommend it. Lastly, a name being given, have it
properly recorded, together with the history of the plant.”
| y | ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | e
{Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are
requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used ). Subjects of special
tnterest will be dealt with in the body of the work].
F.W.T.—Bifrenaria bicornaria, Rchb. f.
A.C.—Cymbidium chloranthum, Lindl.
Cypripedium.— The rusty patches are old thrip marks. N
J.C.—Masdevallia xipheres,
yellow flowers.
W. H.—Stanhopea Wardii, Lodd. The other matter is held over.
o fungus is present.
Rchb. f. M. muscosa is constantly different in its lighter
j The Orchid Review &
4) OL. XXIII. OcTosBeR, 1915. No. 274. £0)
Reiss OUR NOTE BOOK. ec}
HE arrangements for the new certificate for meritorious seedlings
announced at page 287 have quickly taken shape, and on September
14th the first ‘‘ Seedling Commendation,” as the new certificate is to be
called, was given to Cattleya Ashtoni# alba, a very promising seedling
derived from C. O’Brieniana alba and C. Dusseldorfii Undine, and bearing
a single white flower in which the characters of the parents are well
combined. The need of such a certificate has long been felt, for it is well
known that seedling Orchids have rarely reached their full development at
their first time of flowering, yet many of them are so interesting as to be
exhibited at the first opportunity, and in the past the alternative has been
either to pass them over or to give a certificate to which they are not yet
entitled, though neither alternative has been felt to be quite satisfactory.
The Certificate of Appreciation, which was a personal matter, and not
given to the plant itself, did not meet the case. The new certificate
provides a way out of the difficulty, but we must express the hope that it
will be made a condition of its award that full particulars of parentage be
given in all cases.
3 ve ay
Whether the other proposed certificate, for rare species that may not
come under the class for which a Botanical Certificate is now awarded,
will work out in the same satisfactory way remains to be seen, but there are’
many very interesting and even fascinating little Orchids that are not
adapted for general culture for decorative purposes, and it is desirable that
their culture may be encouraged. The Botanical Certificate answered its.
purpose in a way, for it was sometimes given to such interesting plants,
but the idea that it was only given to plants not worthy of general cultiva-
tion tended to discourage it, and its transfer to the Scientific Committee has.
Practically abolished its use, at all events as a means of encouraging the
culture of a very interesting class of Orchids, which we know are still
largely grown, but are not exhibited to the extent they might be if some:
289
"290 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcroBER, 1915.
-definite mark of recognition were extended to them. This is the idea
behind the proposal, and we hope to see it take an equally practical form.
Two papers on the subject of Evolution, by Prof. G. Henslow, appear
in the last issue of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. They are
entitled ‘‘The Passing of Darwinism” and =‘ Darwin’s Alternative
Explanation of Evolution.” In the first we are told: ‘‘ Darwinism, or the
Theory of the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, has held its
round for fifty-five years. But it is destined to pass away, though the
‘struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest, upon which the theory
was based, will ¢ontinue, presumably, amongst living organisms, as long as
the world shall exist. The theory itself cannot last.” We now turn over
seven pages, and we read: “I shall show how Darwin’s alternative
explanation—for it is no theory—has proved to be the right and only way
by which Nature originates new varieties and species.” But if the
explanation is “ right,” and even if ‘‘ Evolution is now based on far securer
grounds than Darwin could realise in the fifties,’ what becomes of the
phrase ‘‘ The Passing of Darwinism ? ”
We are told that ‘ Injurious variations do not occur in Nature”; that
‘it is a ‘‘ groundless assumption,” to which may be added the fact that “‘ the
theory ignores any natural law governing the appearance of new variations
possessing adaptations to the new conditions of life.” But we do not so
read it. Darwin pointed out that “the modified offspring of all dominant
and increasing forms tend to become adapted to many and diversified
places in the economy of Nature.” This is admitted, but the lecturer
adds: “It is remarkable that we read nothing more about adaptation in
‘the Origin, &c., Ist to 6th ed. . . . The word does not occur in the
Index.” He should turn to page tor of edition 6, where Darwin remarks,
in answer to an objection of Hewett C. Watson: ‘It seems probable that
-a sufficient number of species would become adapted to all considerable
diversities of heat, moisture, &c.”’ This is surely definite enough.”
And in his fascinating work, the Fertilisation of Orchids, there is a wealth
-of allusion toadaptation. We read: “It has, I think, been shown that the
‘Orchidez exhibit an almost endless diversity of beautiful adaptations.
When this or that part has been spoken of as adapted for some special
purpose, it must not be supposed that it was originally always formed for
this sole purpose. The regular course of events seems to be that a part
which originally served for one purpose becomes adapted by slow changes
for widely different purposes” (ed. 2, p. 282). Again: ‘‘ The more I
‘study nature, the more I become impressed, with ever-increasing force, that
Ocrozer, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201
the contrivances and beautiful adaptations slowly acquired through each
part occasionally varying in a slight degree but in many ways, with the
- preservation of those variations which were beneficial to the organism
under complex and every-varying conditions of life, transcend in an
incomparable manner the contrivances and adaptations which the most
fertile imagination of man could invent” (p. 285).
And concerning natural selection itself we read: ‘‘ In my examination
of Orchids, hardly any fact has struck me so much as the endless
diversities of structure—the prodigality, of resources—for gaining the very
same end, namely, the fertilisation of.one flower by pollen from another
plant. This fact is to a large extent intelligible on the principle of natural
selection. As all the parts of a flower are co-ordinated, if slight variations
in any one part were preserved, from being beneficial to the plant, then the
other parts would generally have to be modified in some corresponding
manner. But these latter parts might not vary at all, or they might not
vary in a fitting manner, and these other variations, whatever their nature
might be, which tended to bring all the parts into more harmonious action
with one another, would be preserved by natural selection (p. 284).
‘Thrice happy the Orchid that has its name well chosen!” The
phrase will serve to round off another of the inevitable little discussions on
nomenclature that prevent us from stagnating. The Law of Priority is the
subject on this occasion, and the objection urged against it is that it
secures the perpetuity of every absurd and erroneous name that may be
imposed upon the most inoffensive of Orchids. Were the law insisted
upon in all cases, regardless of consequences—and some would go as far
as this—we should be inclined to agree, but a loophole of escape is
provided in the rules, inasmuch as it is permissible to correct undoubted
mistakes. The question is how far should this proviso extend? We shall
not soon forget a reply that we once received when we informed a
correspondent that a Stanhopea sent for determination was S. inodora,
Lindl. We knew that the flowers were fragrant, and the mistake was
Lindley’s in imposing such an erroneous name. The question arises
whether correction is not permissible in such a case. There is a precedent,
for Lindley also named a Bifrenaria inodora, which, unfortunately, has
very fragrant flowers, and Barbosa Rodrigues deliberately re-named it
B. fragrans. Reichenbach, too, when he was informed that a Habenaria
which he had called H. pusilla—it was described from dried specimens—
had a lip as brilliant as a soldier’s jacket, promptly re-named it H.
militaris, and no law of priority should be allowed to rescue so
inappropriate a name as H. pusilla from oblivion.
292 THE ORCHID REVIEW [OcTOBER, 1915-
The fact is the Law of Priority is only one of several rules that have
been imposed for the purpose of securing an orderly nomenclature, which
must be applied together in order to be effective, and it is the adoption of
one rule while ignoring the others that makes all the mischief. Clearness
and brevity are the first objects of a rational nomenclature, and ever since
the time of Linnzus the rule has been that specific names should consist
of a single word. Of course it did not prevent synonymy arising, and
with this came the practice of selecting what was considered the best name,
and sometimes of substituting a new one that was thought to be more suit-
able. This led to protests, and in course of time the Rule of Priority was
added. It has always been a vexed point as to how far the rule should be
applied, and the climax came when it was extended to names that are not
in accordance with other rules. The difficulty arises from the fact that
some people apply the rule to everything, not even excluding specific names
consisting of as many as six words, or of an unspecified number of
syllables, while others refuse to apply it at all. At all events they say it
should never be used to preserve ugly names, or to displace those that are
suitable, and this is the view taken by our correspondent.
But this is treading on dangerous ground, for when once the principle
is admitted one never knows where to stop. The name Leliocattleya
luminosa is so admirably descriptive that one cannot help wishing the
plant had never been called L.-c. Truffautiana. As to which was the
earlier name, see page 252 of our tenth volume.
ANGULOA BREVILABRIS, Rolfe.—At the last Holland House Show an
Anguloa that had been imported with A. Cliftonii was exhibited by Messrs.
Sander & Sons, St. Albans, under the name of A. Ruckeri, together with a
natural hybrid that appeared in the same importation (see p. 243). A plant
from this importation has flowered in the collection of Walter Cobb, Esq.,
Normanhurst, Rusper, which proves to be very different from A. Ruckeri in
the shape of the lip, and Messrs. Sander believe that the one they exhibited
isidentical. The same thing, labelled A. Ruckeri, also occurs in the collec-
tion of Consul Lehmann, and is localised as collected in September, 1891,
between Cativo and Buritica, Western Andes of Antioquia, at 1,400 to 1,600
metres altitude (n. 7235). On soaking out a flower the lip is seen to be
identical in structure. The flower bears such a resemblance to A. Ruckeri
that the difference was not noticed until looking inside and seeing the very
different lip, this being about half as long as in A. Ruckeri, and having
very broad truncate side lobes, and a small oblong fleshy front lobe. :., The
parentage of the natural hybrid, Anguloa Rolfei, Sander (p. 255), now
requires to be amended to A. Cliftonii x brevilabris.—R.A.R.
OcTOBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293
Bl THE ORCHID STUD-BOOK. Se |
HE hybrids of the sub-tribe Oncidiee supplementary to the Orchid
Stud-Book were dealt with in our nineteenth volume, and as the
Odontiodas that have appeared since were given in the present volume
(pp- 97-100, 134) it may be useful now to enumerate the remaining genera
in the same way. £4
ADIODA.
A genus established to contain the hybrids between Ada and Cochlioda.
A. ST. FusciEn (A. aurantica X C. Neoetzliana), O.R., 1911, p. 278.—-
H. Graire, Aug., IgII.
ADOGLOSSUM.
A genus established to contain the hybrids between Ada and Odonto-
glossum.
A. Juno (A. aurantiaca X O. Edwardii), O.R., 1913, p. 319.—J. & A.
McBean, Sept., 1913.
MILToniA (continued from O.R., xix. p. 74).
M. CHARLESWoRTHII (Hyeana X vexillaria), O.R., 1913, pp. 218, 313,
fig. 60.—Charlesworth & Co., May, 1913.
M. IsaBEL-SANDER (Roezlii X Hyeana), O.R., 1914, p. 190.—Sander
& Sons, May, 1914.
M. SANDER# (St. Andre X vexillaria), O.R., 1913, pp. 246, 256, fig.
56.—Sander & Sons, July, 1913.
MILTONIoDA (continued from O.R., xix. p. 74). :
M. Coorerr (C. Neetzliana X M. Warscewiczii), O.R., 1913, pp- 232,
244.—Sander & Sons, June, 1913.
ODONTOCIDIUM.
A genus established to contain the hybrids between Odontoglossum and
Oncidium.
©. Epwarpatum (Odm. Edwardii x Onc. serratum), O.R., 1913, P.
189.—T. Pauwels & Cie., April, 1913.
O. FowLertanuM (Odm. cirrhosum X Onc. Forbesii), O.R., I9II, pp.
353, 365.—J. Gurney Fowler, Nov. 1911.
OponTONIA (continued from O.R., xix. p. 74).
O. BruGENsis (M. vexillaria x O. Edwardii), O.R., 1913, pp. 180, 213.
—Sander & Sons, May, 1913.
O. Guillaume Olyff, Rev. Hort. Belge., 1914, P- 137; tab.— Duchesne
& Watermael.
_ O. CuarLeswortuti (M. vexillaria x O. Uroskinneri), O.R., 1914, pp.
60, 107, fig. 4s.—Charlesworth & Co., July, 1914.
294 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1915-
O. CHOLLETI (M. vexillaria X O. Harryanum), O.R., 1913, p. 177, fig.
34.—Sander & Sons, 1913.
“O. CLEVERLEYANA (M. vexillaria Leopoldii x O. Rolfez), J. S. H. Ir,
1913, pp- 556, 659.—O. Fanyau, Sept., 1913.
O. CyBELE (M. candida x O. cirrhosum), O.R., 1913, p. 127, 167.—
Charlesworth & Co., March, 1913.
O. pDEcoRA (M. Warscewiczii X O. Adriane), O.R., 1912, p. 196.—
Sander & Sons, May, 1912. :
O. Farnestana (M. Warscewiczii x O. Edwardii), O.R., 1913, p. 288.
—Sander & Sons, Aug., 1913. |
O. Firmini (M. vexillaria x O. crispum), O.R., Igi2, p. 287.—F-.
' Lambeau, Jan., 1912.
O. KAFFIR-QUEEN (M. Warscewiczii X O. harvengtense), O.W., v. p-
272.—H. T. Pitt, Aug., 1915.
O. L&LIA-SANDER (M. Warscewiczii X O. amabile), O.R., IgI2, p. 196.
—Sander & Sons, May, Igi2.
O. Loncowoy1 (M. Schroederiana x O. Uroskinneri), O.R., 1914, p-
26.—Charlesworth & Co., Dec., 1913.
O. Louise (M. Warscewiczii x O. Ossulstonii), O.R., 1911, p. 277.—
Charlesworth & Co., Aug. IgIT.
O. Luciria (M. spectabilis x O. cirrhosum), C.K: 1014, p. 0p
Charlesworth & Co., Feb., 1914.
O. MaGaci-SANDER (M. Warscewiczii x O. armainvillierense), O.R.,
1913, p. 244.—Sander & Sons, July, 1913.
O. McNasiana (M. Bleuana x O. Edwardi), O.R., 1913, Dp: 3236"
Sander & Sons, Sept., 1913.
O. ORNATA (M. Warscewiczii xX O. Wilckeanum), O.R., 1912, p. 196.—
Sander & Sons, May, 1912. |
O. Edna, O.R., 1912, pp. 250, 319.—Charlesworth & Co., July, 1912.
O. RoGER-SANDER (M. Warscewiczii x O. percultum), O.R., 1912, p-
196.—Sander & Sons, May, 1912.
ONcIDIopA (continued from O.R., xix. p. 74).
O. Betta (C. Neetzliana X O. Marshallianum), O:R., 1913; p. 255-7
Charlesworth & Co., June, 1913.
OQ. cINNABaRINA (C. Neetzliana x O. monachicum), O.R., 1912, p. 276.
—Charlesworth & Co., Aug., 1912.
O. Cooksoni# (C. Neetzliana x O. macranthum), O.R., Aug., 1912, p-
272.—Mrs. Norman Cookson, Aug., 1QI2,
O. Majorie (C. Neetzliana x O. Forbesii), O.R., I9gI3, pp. 31, 39-—
Charlesworth & Co., Nov., IgI2.
O. Maurice! (C. vulcanica x O. tigrinum), O.R., 1914, pp. 180, 190.—
H. Graire, May, 1914.
OcTOBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295.
OQ. PENELoPE.—The Oncidium parent was inadvertently given in O.R.,
xix. 74, as O. incurvum. It should be corrected to O. leucochilum.
O. WALTONIENSIS (C. vulcanica X O. incurvum), O.R., Ig15, p- 157-—
W. Thompson, Feb., 1915.
ONcIDIUM (continued from O.R., xix. p. 75).
O. McBEANIANUM (macranthum xX superbiens), O.R., 1913, p. 219.—
J. & A. McBean, May, 1913.
VUYLSTEKEARA (see O.R., xix. p. 75).
A genus established to contain the hybrids between Cochlioda, Miltonia,
and Odontoglossum.
V. Hyeana (C. Neetzliana x Odontioda Lairessex), O.R., 1912, pp.
171, 258.—]J. Hye de Crom, May, 1912.
The original V. insignis (O.R., xix. pp. 60, 75) was based on an
erroneous record, and has been cancelled, as it proved to be synonymous
with Miltonioda Harwoodii (see O.R., xix. p. 171).
g]
HIS striking Catasetum, probably the finest species in the genus, has-
become very rare of late years, and it was interesting to see a fine
plant of it, from the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., at the
R.H.S. meeting held on August 31st last. It bore a spike of nine ivory
white flowers, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. It may be
interesting to recall the history of the species. Catasetum pileatum was
described in 1882 (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1882, i. p. 492), from dried
materials sent by Messrs. Linden, Brussels, which were said to have been
obtained from Venezuela. The specific name was given in allusion to its
exceptionally broad, cap-shaped lip. Further materials were sent four
years later, and a second note appeared (J.c., 1886, ii. p. 616), in which its
striking resemblance to Mormodes luxatum was pointed out.
In 1886 a Catasetum was described and figured under the name of C.
Bungerothii (N.E.Br. in Lindenia, ii. p. 21, t. 57), being based on a drawing
sent to Messrs. Linden by their collector Bungeroth. On Decemsber 13th
of that year plants were sold at Stevens’ Rooms by Messrs. Linden, when
a living plant, bearing a spike of seven flowers, was shown. This plant
passed into the collection of Baron Schréder, and the best plant is said to
have realised fifty guineas. Shortly afterwards a plant flowered in the
collection of F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House, Hammersmith, of which a
figure appeared (Gard. Chron., 1887, i. pp. 139, 143 fig. 32 and suppl. fig.),
and in August following a plant was exhibited by Baron Schréder at a
meeting of the R.H.S., and received a First-class Certificate.
a CATASETUM PILEATUM.
-296 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1915.
C. pileatum and C. Bungerothii were connected together when the
‘Species was subsequently figured in Reichenbachia under the former name
(ser. I, ll. p. go, t. 91. It was remarked: ‘‘A glance at the cap-like male
flowers will show how singularly appropriate and descriptive is the
name ‘ pileatum’ which Reichenbach selected. There is no doubt that he
was perfectly aware of his C. pileatum being the same as Mr. Brown’s
-C. Bungerothii, for in a- letter to us, dated Aug. 8th, 1887, he wrote:
‘Baron Schréder has sent me, through Ballantine, an enormous spike of
-Catasetum pileatum’; and this was from the plant bought by the Baron in
Stevens’ auctionjrooms as C. Bungerothii. According to the laws of
-botanical nomenclature, therefore, Catasetum pileatum is the correct name
for the plant know as C. Bungerothii, on account of its description having
been published some years previous to that of the latter. This is an
instance where we are made to feel very keenly the act of Reichenbach in
locking up his herbarium for twenty-five years to prevent reference to his
-specimens.”
This identification led to a discussion (Gard. Chron., 1890, i. p. 618), in
which M. L. Linden admitted having received the identification from
Reichenbach, and remarked that although he did not remember what
-Catasetum he had sent, still he thought it could not have been anything
-so fine as C. Bungerothii, though the reference to Mormodes luxatum
indicated a resemblance. The Editor then reviewed the history of the two
plants, and added: ‘‘ We, or. our successors, can well afford to wait
~patiently till the Professor’s herbarium is unlocked a quarter of a century
lence to ascertain for certain what it was that M. Linden sent to him.”
For our part we think the evidence conclusive, and we have retained the
-original name. : of
It is remarkable that so fine a species was not recorded before, for in
1889 it was recorded that it was collected by Spruce over thirty years
earlier, and that a specimen had laid unrecognised and unnamed at Kew,
though not in its correct genus, since the Spruce collections were received
there (Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 1889, ii. p. 466). The late Mr. E. S. Rand,
of Para, also wrote to us in October, 1891, remarking: ‘‘ Did I ever tell you
that I had C. Bungerothii long before Bungeroth discovered it? My
plant did not bloom for a long while; when it did I found it was new,
and sent half of it to Linden. It was the yellow variety figured last
year as var. Randii (Ill. Hort.,- xxxvii. p. 117, t. 117). | Meanwhile
Bungeroth had sent the white to Linden, and that became the type.
The plant is Amazonian. The white is from Venezuela, and has been
long known in Trinidad.”
Other varieties are known, but a note on these and on the appearance of
the female flowers is deferred.
OctoBeR, 1915-] . THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297
ee RENANTHERA STORIEI. |
7 :
NOTE on the flowering at Kew of a fine specimen of the handsome
Renanthera Storiei appeared at page 279 of our last issue, and now,
through the courtesy of the Editor of The Garden, we are able to give a
RENANTHERA STORIEI,
Fig. 38.
portrait of the actual plant. The species is a native of the Philippine
Islands, and was described in 1880 from dried materials collected by Mr.
James D. Storie, which were sent to Reichenbach by Mr. Stuart Low
(Gard. Chron., 1880, ii. p. 296). It was described as: “‘ A new Philippine
Renanthera, just matching, or rather surpassing, the celebrated R.
298 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1915
coccinea.” About a year later, a further note by Reichenbach appeared
(Gard. Chron., 1881, ii. p. 364): “I have just obtained beautiful materials
of this from Mr. Henry T. Brown, who found the species six months ago
on a small island when on an excursion from his residence, Tayabas,
Philippine Islands—a pencil sketch, dried flowers, flowers in spirit, a sketch
in colours, and living plants, five feet long, have been supplied to me.”
Mr. Brown described it as follows: ‘It grows about ten to twelve feet
high, with distichous, dark green, and somewhat fleshy leaves, about
eight to ten inches long and 13 inch broad; inflorescence fairly long,
branching, and bearing fifty to sixty,flowers, which are more than two
inches across ; dorsal sepal and petals dark orange, lower sepals broad, and
of a most brilliant velvet-crimson, with lighter shades of the same colour ;
lip small, deep crimson, with small yellow bars, centre white.”
The earliest record of its flowering in Europe that we know of is
September, 1894, when a plant bloomed with Messrs. B. S. Williams
& Son at the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, and was
figured in the Orchid Album (xi. t. 513). In June, 1896, another flowered
with Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., at Burford, and was figured in the
Botanical Magazine (t. 7537). The Kew plant is about five feet high, and
its general character is shown in the figure, which is about one-fourth
natural size. The colour we should describe as orange-red, with large
crimson blotches on the lateral sepals, these being well-shown in the figure-
It may be added that in July, 1903, a plant flowered at Kew, and another
in the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., at Glebelands, S. Woodford,
the latter being exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. (O.R., xi. pp. 231, 243)-
It is a very brilliantly-coloured thing, but, like R. coccinea, does not seem
inclined to flower until the plant reaches a good size. It requires a light
position in the Warm house, with adequate shading during bright weather.
It may be added that the species was also collected in 1882, by Burke,
when travelling in the Philippines for Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and
later by Loher, the localities being unspecified, while more recently it has
been collected at the Lamao River, in the province of Bataan, by Whitford.
CROSS-FERTILISATION.—‘‘ The fact is that there has been continual
cross-fertilisation of science. The those who remind us that Hertz, for
instance, stood on the shoulds Fitzgerald, it may be answereds of Mended
that Bateson stands on the shoulders of Mendel; and both statements
would be ridiculously far off adequate accuracy.”—China Mail.
Punch, to whom we are indebted for the extract, adds: ‘‘ We agree.”
“It looks rather like cross-fertilisation of Mendelism,” suggests a
DISTRACTED CORRESPONDENT.
OCTOBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER.
)
By W. H. WHITE, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
EMPERATURES, &c.—At this time of year it is important for the
Orchid grower who is in charge of the heating apparatus to keep a
sharp look-out for sudden falls in the temperature of the external air, so
that all evil effects to the plants from this cause may be avoided. It is no-
uncommon occurrence during October for moderately sharp morning frosts.
to make a sudden appearance, and consequently without the slightest
warning. In such cases the temperature of the various divisions may fall
a few degrees below their proper standard, unless the man in charge of
the fires the previous evening had been sufficiently weatherwise to foresee
what was coming. On such occasions, when the temperatures are
low, no watering or damping down should be proceeded with before the
proper degree of warmth is reached, as the drier the houses are under such:
circumstances the better, and the less likelihood will there be of serious-
injury to the plants. The temperature’ of the East Indian, or warmest
house, at night, should be about 70°, that of the Cattleya house about 65°,.
and the Mexican or Intermediate house a few degrees less. The Odonto-
glossum house should be about 55° or 57° at night, and about 50° or 54° in
the morning. When banking up the fires the last thing at night the one in
charge of the heating apparatus should so manipulate the dampers that
there may be a fall of several degrees in each division by the early morning.
hours.
During the month of October, following so closely, as it so often does,.
upon warm summer weather, it is advisable in every department to err a
trifle on the warm side with the night temperatures, as one sudden fall of
several degrees, especially if the plants have been very recently watered,
and the atmosphere has been unduly moist, might do more harm to many
tender-growing plants than all the cold of winter. Even if the Cool house
through the night is a few degrees above the normal temperature, no harm:
will accrue, provided the ventilators on all suitable occasions are freely
used, and the little extra fire heat, and increased ventilation, will often
prevent the unsightly dark fungoid growth so frequently seen on the under-
sides of the foliage of Odontoglossum crispum, and its allied species and
varieties. It is advisable to see that none of the plants are too near the
roof glass, as that is a frequent cause of their being chilled. Thoroughly
cleanse the plants of all insect pests before winter sets i, both by sponging —
and by vapourising each house every week or two with some safe and
effective insecticide.
OpontTocLossuM HOUSE.—Look carefully over the newly-potted plants
“300 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1915.
of Odontoglossum, Masdevallia, and the many other species and varieties
in the Cool house every evening and early morning, in order to entrap any
slugs that may have been brought in with the sphagnum moss used in the
‘potting compost. To the same end use as traps some young lettuce leaves,
pieces of potato, carrot, apple, &c., which are always useful. No trouble
must be spared in this matter, especially at this season, otherwise these
pests will soon increase and give considerable trouble and vexation when
‘the flower spikes appear,-and probably infest more valuable plants.
CATASETUMS, &c.—Plants of Catasetum, Mormodes, and Cycnoches
that have gone out of bloom, or have completed their growth without
producing flower spikes, should now be removed from the East Indian
house to a very light position in the Mexican house, or a warm unshaded
Vinery, direct sunshine being necessary to harden and mature the latest-
made pseudobulbs. While these plants retain their foliage in a fresh green
‘condition they will need water occasionally, but so soon as they change
colour and fall off, very little or no water will be needed. Strong, well-
‘matured plants will need no water for several months unless undue shrivelling
“of the pseudobulbs occur. Badly-ripened growths, on the contrary, require
water once a week or every fortnight, in order to preserve them in a
plump state. Some of these plants, after producing their first flower spikes,
if strong, frequently send out others a few weeks later, but these later spikes
it is advisable to pinch off, to prevent the new pseudobulbs being weakened
and retarded in their completion. Many of these plants are very fine
-objects when in flower, and all are extremely interesting. To keep them in
good health for any length of time it is ncessary first to give them a
generous-growing treatment, then a thorough ripening of the new growth,
and afterwards a long decided rest.
THUNIAS.—These plants are still retaining their foliage and, being in a
dry atmosphere and in full sunlight, are apt to be infected with red spider.
When this is the case, the leaves and stems should be thoroughly cleansed,
-or these destructive pests will spread. Lay each plant down on its side,
and well syringe the undersides of the leaves with a strong solution of soft
Soapy warm water, and if badly infested add some safe insecticide. Allow
the solution to remain on till quite dry, and afterwards well syringe the
plants with clear tepid rain water. After the leaves have fallen cut out the
old and decayed stems, and tie up the newly-made one to neat stakes, and
until growth recommences keep the plants quite dry at the root, and in a
cool dry place. A corner of the potting, shed will often answer for this
purpose.
PHAL&Nopsis.—By this time some of the Phalznopsis, as P. Aphrodite,
Schilleriana, amabilis, Stuartiana, Sanderiana, leucorrhoda, and casta will
shave finished making their leaves, and from this time great care is needed
Ocrorer, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 301
in watering. During the growing season the sphagnum moss on the surface
has been kept green and in a growing condition by frequent supplies of
water, but it should now be allowed to become quite dry before water is
given. During the autumn and winter months it is not advisable to dip
the plants into water, but merely to sprinkle the surface of the moss, and
around the sides of the basket occasionally, using a sprayer or fine rose
watering-can for the purpose. Allow no water to remain on the foliage or
in the centre of the plants. Any failure to attend to these details may lead
to spotting of the leaves. Such green-leaved species as P. violacea,
Luddemanniana, tetraspis, sumatrana, speciosa, &c., are still growing, but
at this season they must not be kept Saturated at the roots for long together.
Sponge the plants over occasionally, especially if any gummy exudation:
appears, as it often does at this time of the year.
DENDROBIUMS.—Plants of such Dendrobiums as D. thyrsiflorum,,.
densiflorum, Schrcederi, and Farmeri, that have finished up their growth,
should now be removed from their growing quarters to a more cool and
airy atmosphere. If any of these plants have started again into growth,
place them in a light position in the warmest house until it is completed,
for as the plants of this section grow very rapidly there will be time to get
these late growths ripened. So soon as plants of D. ochreatum (Cam-
bridgeanum) which are now dormant in the Vimery or resting-house,
recommence to grow they may be placed in the Intermediate or Cool house,
where they may be kept till the young breaks have grown enough to show
prominently their flower buds, when they may be removed to a slightly
warmer temperature. From the moment this plant commences to grow,
afford it good growing treatment, for no amount of drying or ripening
after this will induce it to flower.
AERIDES, &c.—Many of the spring and early summer flowering Aérides,
Angra:cums, and Saccolabiums will by the end of this month have passed
their growing season ; and although these distichous and evergreen plants
never really stop growing, they require, in a great measure, to be treated
as resting plants, more particularly as regards affording water at the
roots, which must be given only just often enough to prevent loss of
foliage. All through the summer months the moss on the surface of the
pots has been kept fresh and green, owing to the frequent waterings given,
but now, or rather in a few weeks time, the surface moss must be allowed
to become of a whitish green colour before water is given, and then the
quantity must be considerably reduced. The cooler-growing Aérides, as A.
Schreederi (figured at page 256), crispum, Lindleyanum, crassifolium ee
Warneri have up to the present time only made up half their growth, and
for some time should be kept moderately moist at the root. These fine
Orchids are generally grown in too much heat, and insufficient ventilation,-
302 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1915.
in reality they need a very airy position, such as may be found in the
Cattleya house. They should be kept well shaded, and they appear to
enjoy the sun-heated temperature, but fire heat to any great extent quickly
brings them into a debilitated condition.
VANDAS.— Unfortunately there is no pecuniary value in these handsome
plants, and they are not generally cultivated, but to those who do grow
and appreciate them the following may prove useful. The end of October
or the beginning of November, when the sun has lost its power for harm,
is the best time of the year to overhaul Vandas of the V. tricolor and V.
suavis section. At, this time the plants commence to root freely, and
continue to do so all through the winter, so that the foliage will suffer less
than were the work deferred until the spring. It is not advisable or
necessary, if they are well furnished with leaves, to disturb these plants by
repotting, unless a larger receptacle is needed, but if a plant must be
repotted because of loss of leaves at the base, the old materials and drainage
should be removed, and if there be found plenty of live roots some distance
up the stem, so much of the lower part of it may be removed as will bring
the lowest pair of leaves, when the plant is again placed in the pot, almost
down to the rim. After cutting the base of the old stem away, place the
plant in the centre of the pot, and then a few large crocks at the bottom,
and upon these a layer of sphagnum moss, over which spread the lower-
most roots, and carefully work in amongst them some clean crocks and
rough but clean sphagnum moss, pressing it down firmly, then distribute
more roots in a like manner, till the top of the pot is reached, finally
finishing off with a surface of clean picked sphagnum moss. It is
important that each stem be made secure, by tying it toa strong neat
stick. Plants that do not require repotting may have their surface of moss
top-dressed if necessary. After repotting or top-dressing the plants no
water should be afforded for nearly a week, and then water thoroughly, and
afterwards, whenever the moss on the surface appears dry, it will suffice
to lightly sprinkle it. For this purpose a fine sprayer is always useful, so
as to encourage the moss to grow. When new roots begin to push out
from the stem, and young roots appear from the old ones, the quantity of
water may be gradually increased, but the moss must never be kept in a
saturated state, it being preferable to keep the surroundings moist by
damping between the pots and under the staging several times daily.
These Vandas require a somewhat cool intermediate temperature. I have
always found them to grow and bloom extremely well when staged by
themselves at one end of a Cattleya house. The plants require to be well
shaded from strong sunshine, particularly after any disturbance of the roots,
also again during the early spring months.
EPIDENDRUM RADICANS.—When well-cultivated and its requirements
OctTozBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303
are properly understood, this long scandent-growing species can be made
to flower in a comparatively dwarf state, which makes it extremely useful for
exhibition and decorative purposes generally, its brilliant red trusses of
bloom being always very effective. Plants of these species that have made
strong growth during the past season should now have the young shoots cut
off in lengths of about two feet, so that when repotted about eighteen
inches of the stem will be above the level of the rim of the pot. It is not
advisable to grow the stems singly in pots, as they would take up too much
valuable room, it being preferable to put four, five, or six of the strongest
pieces in a 32-3ized pot, tying each” stem to tall neat stakes to keep
them in position. Almost any kind of light material will suit them to root
in, but, chiefly for appearance sake, living sphagnum moss should
predominate, and, when repotting, as many of the lower aérial roots
should be placed in the pot as possible. Grow the pots in the Cattleya or
Mexican house, and elevate them to within a foot of the roof glass, so
as to keep them as dwarf as possible. After doing them up as described,
give them a thorough watering; no more water will then be needed
through the compost, as by spraying the growths and aérial roots every
day the compost will be kept sufficiently moist.
EPIPHRONITES VEITCHII.—This lovely hybrid is a cross between
Epidendrum radicans and Sophronitis grandiflora, and may be treated
almost in the same way as E. radicans, but being a dwarf-growing plant it
prefers a light airy position in the Cattleya house. Take off as many of
the young pieces as possible, and insert them in a mixture of osmunda
fibre and sphagnum moss, three parts of moss to one of fibre, cutting both
materials up moderately fine, and mixing them well#together. Well-
drained shallow teak wood baskets are quite suitable. Baskets of six inches
diameter will take about fifteen or twenty stems. These small pieces soon
become established if sprayed over lightly two or three times daily when
the weather is bright, but in dull cold weather a morning spray is quite
sufficient. Should red spider persistently attack the leaves, cleanse them
as advised for the Thunias, and if thrips are seen remove the plants to any
house that is being vaporised.
SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.—This beautiful species grows well in the
Cool house, and the plants should now be kept well supplied with water until
the flowering season is past and growth is completed. Elevate these small
growing plants well up to the light, so as to afford both growth and flower
buds every encouragement. Many beautiful and interesting hybrids have
been obtained from S. grandiflora crossed with other species, and the
hybrids thus raised are nearly all of rich colouring, and being possessed of
free-flowering qualities are highly appreciated in most collections. Where
a number of these hybrids are grown there will be nearly always some of
304 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1915.
them in bloom. At the present time Sophrocattleya Chamberlainiana,
Calypso, Nydia, eximia, Sophrolzlia heatonensis, Marriottiana, and Eros
have their flowers open; others being in full growth their flower buds can
easily be discerned pushing up in conjunction with the new shoots. They
thrive best when suspended near to the roof glass on the lightest side of the
Intermediate house, where the moderate sunlight tends to intensify the
colour of the flowers. Keep these plants well supplied with water till the
new growths are made up.
OncipiuMs.—The useful Brazilian Oncidiums, O. Forbesii, crispum,
and varicosum are now making roots freely and sending up their flower
spikes. Strong well-rooted plants May be allowed to carry their full
complement of bloom, but it is advisable that those plants that produced
exceptionally strong spikes last year, and small weakly plants, should have
their flower spikes removed. Every growet who has had any experience
with this class of Oncidium knows what fine spikes can be easily obtained
from them within a few months after. being imported, and they also know
that in many cases, after bearing such spikes and keeping them for a long
time on the plant, the plants eventually have gradually dwindled away, in
spite of every care bestowed upon them. Therefore, to keep the plants in
good health, it is advisable to cut off the spikes soon after the flowers are
open, and afterwards to give them a good rest, not allowing them to bloom
again till they have recovered and made good bulbs. OO. concolor will by
this time have made up its bulbs, and will not need anything like so much
water as when growing, but it must not be treated quite decidedly as @
resting plant.
ORCHIS LATIFOLIA.—A colony of about twenty plants of this beautiful
native Orchis, as grown in the Royal Horticultural Society’s garden at
Wisley, is illustrated in a recent issue of The Garden (p. 438). It is
remarked : ‘‘ It would be difficult indeed to find a plant more interesting or
possessing more charm than this, and owing to its preference for damp,
marshy spots it is essentially a plant for the waterside. . . . The roots
were planted a little over three years ago in a damp peaty spot with a
north-west exposure, and the magnificent flower-spikes testify to the
success of the treatment. The spikes, when the photograph was taken
early in July, were about eighteen inches high, the bright purple flowers
creating a welcome bit of colour amid the deep green foliage of surrounding
vegetation. It has has proved a variable plant under cultivation, but for
the waterside in semi-wild places the native plant is best. As most
nurserymen have stocks of this Orchis, there is no difficulty in obtaining
plants and no excuse for rooting up wild ones for transference to the
garden.”
OcTOBER, 1915,| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 305
Bera OBITUARY.
W. HARVEY.—We learn with deep regret of the death, on Aucust
. ? S
. 31st, of Mr. F. W. Harvey, Editor of The Garden, at the early age of
33 years, after an operation for abscess on the brain. Our contemporary
SOG i ae f
remarks: ‘‘ Mr. Harvey had been ailing slightly for a few days, when his
illness was diagnosed as an abscess on the brain. An immediate operation
Fig. 39. THE LATE Mr. F. W. Harvey.
was necessary, from which he did not long rally, and he succumbed a week
later, on Tuesday, August 31st. . . . We feel sure that our readers
and Mr. Harvey’s innumerable friends in the horticultural world will echo
our feelings of sincere regret at his untimely end. He was a most lovable,
upright, and conscientious man, and with his death a deal of valuable
knowledge goes out of the world.” Mr. Harvey was a native of Stebbing,
Essex, and commenced his horticultural career with Mr. Philpott, a seed
and fruit grower, and during this time he attended the classes in
horticulture of the County Technical Laboratories at Chelmsford. He was
then selected as under gardener at the Experimental Garden there, where
306 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1915.
he spent about four years, afterwards going to Kew for two years to gain a
wider experience of plant life. In July, 1895, he was then appointed sub-
editor of The Gardener, and afterwards joined the staff of The Garden in the.
‘game capacity, under the late Mr. E. T. Cook, becoming Editor about four
years ago, when Mr. Cook went to America. Mr. Harvey was the author
of several horticultural works. He was also a member of the Floral
Committee of the R.H.S., of the Council of the National Rose and National
Sweet Pea Societies, and of the Committee of the Kew Guild. He was
interred at Romford, Essex, on September 4th, when a large number of
horticultural friends were present to pay their last tribute of respect to a
‘worthy colleague. Many beautiful wreaths were also sent. Mr. Harvey
leaves a widow and one son to mourn his loss. For the excellent portrait
-of Mr. Harvey we are indebted to the courtesy of The Garden.
Epwin LonspALeE.—From an Obituary notice of this well-known
American horticulturist, cited from the American Florist by the Gardeners’
-Chronicle, we learn that deceased was an old British horticulturist who
settled in America in 1869, and in 1875 started a nursery at Germanstown,
where, in addition to growing roses and other flowers for the Philadelphia
market, he also devoted himself to the cultivation of Orchids, having a
large stock of Cattleyas and Cypripediums. Cypripedium Sanderianum
was found in a batch of C. Lawrenceanum, and was sold to Messrs. Sander
& Sons, St. Albans. He also raised a number of Cypripedium seedlings.
|@| SOCIETIES. | a
RoyaL HorTICULTURAL. :
T the fortnightly meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent
Square, Westminster, on September 14th, there was a moderate
‘display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of four medals, one First-class
Certificate, two Awards of Merit, and one Seedling Commendation, the
latter being the name of the new certificate to be awarded to promising
seedlings that are shown before their characters are fully developed.
Orchid Committee present :—J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chait)
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch,
J. Wilson Potter, Stuart Low, F. Sander, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe,
T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound,
A. Dye, W. H. White, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, and Gurney Wilson.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington);
sent . plant of Cattleya O’Brienana alba and two good examples of the
beautiful Cattleya Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt, whose history was
given at page 270.
OcTOBER, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group of
well-grown things, including examples of Cattleya Hardyana and var. alba,
€. Harrisoniana, Iris, C. Warscewiczii, and C. Gaskelliana Milady, with
white sepals and petals and a coloured lip, a fine plant of Cycnoches
maculatum with a spike of fourteen male flowers, Dendrobium formosum,
Oncidium varicosum, oblongatum, and a fine specimen of O. incurvum
with nine large panicles of flowers, Cymbidium erythrostylum, Cypripedium
Parishii, two richly-coloured Vanda be ehaigias and others (Silver Flora
Medal).
Messrs. Charlesworth & ee. Haywards Heath, staged a select group,
including fine examples of Odontoglossum grande, Cattleya Alcimeda,
€. Fauna, and C. Rhoda var. Czarina, having clear yellow sepals and
petals and a bright rose-purple lip, Sophrolelia heatonensis, Brassocattleya
Maroniz, Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, Paphinia cristata, Cypri-
pedium Rossetti, Odontonia Magali-Sander var. xanthotes, and others
{Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
Odontonia brugensis with a spike of seven flowers, Cattleya Katie
{fulvescens x Dowiana aurea), C. Gladys (Atalanta x Dowiana aurea),
€. Iris, Oncidium Mantinii, O. varicosum aureum, Odontoglossum
-percultum, some good O. crispum, Odontioda Bradshawiz, Odontocidium
Juno (O. tigrinum xX O. ramosissimum), and other interesting things
(Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a very interesting group,
containing several fine Leliocattleyas, Odontonia McNabiana and O.
St.-Alban, Bulbophyllum grandiflorum and the rare and curious B. bisetum,
Cattleya Dowiana aurea, Iris, and Maronii, Cypripedium Dallas, Alma
Gevaert, and other good things (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, sent Cattleya
Kienastiana Orchidhurst var., having white sepals and petals and a
coloured lip, Odontoglossum neevross (nevium X Rossianum), Cymbidium
sandhurstiense (Wiganianum X erythrostylum), having honey yellow
flowers with lines of reddish dots, Brassocattleya The Czar (C. Fabia X
B.-c. Veitchii), and B.-c. Admiral Jellicoe var. delicata, a fine light form.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent good forms of
Cattleya Hardyana and C. Kienastiana, an exceptionally fine Brasso-
Cattleya Veitchii var. Queen Alexandra, B.-c. Ilene, Lzliocattleya Thyone,
Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, and a good plant of Cycnoches peruviana,
bearing a spike of eleven male flowers.
Frrst-CLass CERTIFICATE.
CaTTLEYA VENUS VAR. PRINCESS Mary (Iris X Dowiana aurea). —A
very beautiful form, having bronzy yellow sepals and petals, and a lip of
308 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1915.
the Iris type, the side lobes being very small, rose veined with white, and
the front lobe very broad and bright ruby crimson. Exhibited by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA AMABILIS FOWLER’s VAR. (labiata x, Warscewiczii).—A_ very
large and brilliant form, bearing an inflorescense of four flowers, the sepals
and petals being rose-coloured and the broad lip crimson-purple in front.
Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
DENDROBIUM HooKERIANUM *ROWLER’S VAR.—A remarkable form,
differing from the type in having the petals about twice as broad as usual
and deeply fringed, as in the lip. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
SEEDLING COMMENDATION.
(This is the new Certificate to be awarded to meritorious seedlings when
shown before they are fully developed).
CATTLEYA AsSHTONI (O’Brieniana alba x Dusseldorfii Undine).—A
dwarf plant, bearing a single pure white flower, most like the former in
general character, but more like C. intermedia in the shape of the side
lobes. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. .
_ At the meeting held on September 28th there was a fine display of
Orchids, and three of the eight medals awarded came from amateur
exhibitors. Two First-class Certificates, an Award of Merit, and a Lindley
Medal were also given.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart., J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, F. Sander, T.
Armstrong, R. A. Rolfe, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher,
J. Shill, W. Bolton, and Gurney Wilson.
Dr. Miguel Lacrose, Roehampton, received a Silver Banksian Medal for
a fine group, consisting largely of about 26 well-grown Odontoglossum
grande, with examples of O. Clyte, Brassocattleya Hyee, Lzeliocattleya
Pheebus, Cattleya bellatula, C. Harrisoniana, a hybrid of C. granulosa
Schofieldiana with seven flowers, Cypripedium Massaianum, and others.
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn Hill, received a Silver Banksian Medal for @
good group, including examples of Cattleya suavior, Thalia, Iris, Mantinil,
a fine form of C. Fabia, Odontoglossum bictoniense and Pescatorel,
Dendrobium ciliatum and var. annamense, Brassocattleya Big-Ben (C-
Thurgoodiana x B. Digbyana), a very fine purple hybrid with a yellow
throat, and Lzliocattleya Nestor (L.-c. Martinetii x C. Dowiana aurea), 4
very promising thing , having bronze-coloured sepals and petals mottled.
with yellow, and a ashe lip with some yellow veining on the disc.
. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
OcTOBER, I915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 309
also received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, including Cattleya
Euphrasia and Adula, each in three good examples, C. Hardyana, a fine
Leliocattleya rubens, L.-c. Thyone and Ingramii, Sophronitis Phoebus,
with a large bright red flower, and a few others.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. J. Collier),
sent Brassocattleya Mrs. J. C. Hurst var. alba (B. nodosa X C. Triane),
with four white flowers, Lzliocattleya Eileen (L. pumila xX C. amabilis),
having rose-purple sepals and petals, and a darker lip with two yellow
blotches in the throat, and Cattleya Aleimeda ccerulea.
E. R. Ashton, Esq., Camden Patk, Tunbridge Wells, showed a fine
plant of Cattleya Iris, bearing two spikes of flowers.
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent a good
Odontoglossum Rossii hybrid bearing five richly-coloured flowers.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent a finely-grown
Vanda ccerulea, bearing a spike of 14 very richly-coloured‘flowers.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a group of well-
grown plants, including Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, eximium, and a
fine O. grande, good forms of Cattleya Fabia and Iris, C. Venus with clear
yellow sepals and petals, and a rose-coloured Iris-like lip, the rare
Catasetum pileatum, Epidendrum vitellinum, Leliocattleya Britannia,
Oncidium varicosum, incurvum, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, sent a good group, including
the pretty Miltonia Phalaenopsis with four spikes, examples of Oncidium
oblongatum, O. varicosum, O. incurvum and var. album, Brassia brachiata,
Cattleya Mantinii, C. Dusseldorfii Undine, Dendrobium formosum and
Phalzenopsis, Masdevallia bockingensis, tovarensis, and the rare M.
gargantua, Epidendrum armeniacum, Brassavola nodosa, several Odonto-
glossum grande, Cypripedium Rossetti, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group,
including an example of the rare Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, Dendrobium
Victoria-Regina, Oncidium Kramerianum, O. varicosum, and the rare G.
microchilum, Cycnoches chlorochilon and peruvianum, a well-bloomed
Vanda ccerulea, Stenoglottis longifolia, Odontioda Devosiana, Sophrolelia
heatonensis, and a number of good Cattleyas (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including a lot
of good Cattleyas, conspicuous among them being several C. Mantinii and
other C. Bowringiana hybrids. We noted also Lzliocattleya Mauretania,
the remarkable Bulbophyllum’ grandiflorum and the allied B. Micholitzii,
with yellowish green flowers, some well-bloomed Phalznopsis Esmeralda,
Liparis longipes, two plants of the striking Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum,
the rare Ccelogyne Micholitzii, Sigmatostalix radicans, Gongora grossa,
Cypripediums, &c. (Silver Banksian Medal).
310 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [OcTOBER, I915-
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice little group,
including Vanda Sanderiana, Cymbidium erythrostylum and Doris,
Oncidium varicosum Rogersii with a very compact panicle, Masdevallia
Chimera, Cattleya Iris and Enid, Sophrocatl#tia Iris (L.-c. Gottoiana X
S. grandiflora), with rosy purple sepals and darker lip, and Odontonia
Scylla (O. cirrhosum X M. vexillaria), having pink, acuminate sepals and
petals and a darker lip (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, sent a fine Cattleya
Armstrongiz, Brassocatlelia General French (L.-c. George Woodhams X
B.-c. Thorntonii), Odontioda Gloss (Odm. triumphans X Oda. Charles-
worthii), orange-red, and Odontoglossum crispum memoria J. S. Moss,
heavily blotched with brown.
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a pretty little group, including
Leliocattleya Pearl (L.-c. Norba xX C. Gaskelliana alba), a promising
white flower, Bassocattleya Nestor (C. labiata x B.-c. Maroniz), Cattleya
Naidia (iridescens x Hardyana), most like the former in shape, and C.
Beatrice var. rubra.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent Brassocattleya
Doris (B.-c. Maronie X C. Rothschildiana), a large lilac-purple hybrid
with light yellow disc, Lzliocattleya Soulange (L.-c. Lustre x C. Dowiana
aurea), and L.-c. Rossetti (Antigone x bletchleyensis).
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
CaTTLEYA KING-GEORGE (triumphans X Dowiana_ Rorita).—A
magnificent hybrid, most like the latter parent in general character, and
having the sepals and the broad, undulate petals clear light yellow, with
the lip strongly undulate, and of a ruby crimson shade, with a paler margin
and some yellow veining in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory &
Black.
CaTTLeEyA Lapy-VeitcH (Lueddemanniana alba xX Warneri alba.—A
chaste and beautiful hybrid, having very broad petals and lip, and the whole
flower pure white, with a light yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by Messrs-
Sander & Sons. :
AWARD OF MERIT.
BrassocaTTLeya Mars (C. Maggie-Raphael alba x B.-c. Leemaniz).—
A very promising hybrid, most like the latter, and having broad white
sepals and petals, and a well-fringed, rose-pink lip, with a light yellow disc-
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
LINDLEY MEDAL.
VANDA SANDERIANA.—A splendidly-grown specimen, grown from @
dwarf piece imported several years ago, and now with four growths and six
flower-spikes, with an aggregate of 42 finely-developed flowers. A seventh
spike was also pushing up.
OCTOBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3rL
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September
2nd, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in
the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Evans,
P. Foster, A. R. Handley, Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W.
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H.
Arthur (Sec.).
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), for a very fine miscellaneous group, in which Cattleyas,.
and Lzliocattleyas were well represeiited. :
Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr.
Mr. J. Lupton), for a fine mixed group, in which home-raised Leliocattleyas-
and some good examples of Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale were
conspicuous ; to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. E.
Marshall), for a fine group of Cypripediums, including ‘some home-raised.
seedlings, and to Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, for a fine group,
in which Cypripediums were prominent.
A Special Vote of Thanks was accorded O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury
(gr. Mr. E. Rogers), for a fine group of Cypripediums, a plant of Vanda
Sanderiana, and several exceptionally fine Vanda ccerulea, the latter
gaining a First-class Cultural Certificate.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby
(gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher), and P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr.
E. Thompson), several of which appear in the award list.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Miltonioda Harwoodii var. Mme. le Doux (M. vexillaria x C. Noetzliana),
a flower of good form and size, with large flat lip, and the colour rosy
scarlet, from Mrs. le Doux.
Odontioda Brewii var. Brunette, a fine flower, with chestnut sepals and
petals, red, and the lip chrome orange, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Venus Haddon House var. (Iris X aurea), a large flower, with
a yellow vein in the centre of the petals, and a well-filled, spreading lip,
from P. Smith, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cattleya Sybil var. aureum and Odontioda Brewii heliotropium, from
R. Ashworth, Esq.
Leliocattleya George Woodhams Marlfield var. (L. purpurata x C.
Hardyana), from Mrs. le Doux. :
Cypripedium Solon St. Mary’s var. (tonsum X Rothschildianum), from
the Rey. J. Crombleholme. :
Leliocattleya Rachael (C. Iris X L.-c. bletchleyensis), a showy thing,
from P. Smith, Esq.
312 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OCTOBER, I915-
FIrsT-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for fine examples of Vanda
coerulea.
At the meeting held on September 23rd (postponed from 16th), the
members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombieholme (in the Chair),
Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans,
P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J.
Morgan, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. Gilden), for a very fine miscellaneous group, in which Cattleyas
and Cypripediums were partiuiely well represented, with several of the
other leading genera.
Silver Medals-were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn
(gr. Mr. J. Lupton) to J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law), and
to Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine mixed groups, the latter
containing a plant of the rare Zygopetalum rostratum.
A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury, for a beautiful exhibit, containing 45 plants of Cypripedium
Maudie, and eleven of Odontoglossum grande, with examples of
Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale and Cattleya Gaskelliana alba.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by J. Leeman, Esq., Heaton Mersey
(gr. Mr. S. Smith); H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea (gr. Mr. W. J.
Morgan) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. W. W. Field); A. J.
Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow); W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq.,
Hull (gr. Mr. J. T. Barker), and’ Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Son, Bradford,
several of which figure in the award list.
FIRsT-cLAss CERTIFICATES. |
Brassocatlelia Wotan: var. Mr. I. ig a fine flower, with well-
fringed lip, from J. Leeman, Esq.
Cattleya Venus Rann Lea var.,-a well-coloured form, with Aaigatea
lip, from H. J. Bromilow, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Odontoglossum crispum mirabile, and Cattleya Katie (fulvescens X
Dowiana aurea), from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cattleya Snowdon (Suzanne Hye de Crom x Gaskelliana alba), and
Lzeliocattleya’ Mrs. McMasters var. splendens (luminosa Xx Dowiana
aurea), from J. Leeman, Esq.
Cattleya Sybil var. Boltonii, from J. J. Bolton, Esq.
_ First-cLtass CutTurar CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for i i ate Maudie
and Odontoglossum grande.
OcToBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 313
@I5= 2
ee. as are the hybrids of Cattleya Dowiana, they have been
rather disappointing as regards colour, for when crossed with the
[Pee | CATTLEYA TRIUMPHANS.
allied purple-flowered species the colour of the latter has invariably been
dominant. It was at one time thought that if these primary hybrids were
re-crossed with C. Dowiana the yellow might return, but the idea has not
\
>
Fig. 40. CATTLEYA TRIUMPHANS MARON’S VAR.
‘worked out in practice. The fact is, C. Dowiana statids almost in a class
by itself, as anything approaching it in colour is too different in other
respects. But there is an exception, for C. Rex is very nearly allied to c.
Dowiana, and the similar shape, the beautifully veined lip, and the delicate
cream-yellow of the’ sepals and petals give every promise of a sone
combination. Unfortunately the two species do not bloom quite together,
and as C. Rex is rare in cultivation opportunities for crossing the two do
314 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcropErR, 1915.
not often occur. But the hybrid has been twice raised, by Messrs. Sander
& Sons and by M. Ch. Maron, and has not disappointed expectations.
The former flowered it ir July, 1904, when it received an Award of Merit
from the R.H.S. (O.R., xii. p. 244), and the latter about a year later, this
being called Maron’s var. (J.c., xiii. p. 305, fig. 66). Its general character
is well shown in the annexed figure (p. 313). The sepals and petals are
clear light yellow, and the lip rosy crimson, with radiating light yellow
veins all over, and a broad, very undulate, light yellow margin. It is
interesting to compare the three together in M. Goossens’ coloured figures
(Dict. Ic. Orch.), and to note the intermediate character of the lip of C.
triumphans, the resemblance to C. Rex being seen in the more infolded
side lobes, and the closer, more delicate yellow veining, with the distinctly
reticulated character seen in the same parent, instead of the continuous
lines of C. Dowiana. It is a cross that should be repeated whenever the
opportunity occurs, for it is extremely rare, and is the one most likely to
originate the race of yellow hybrids so much desired in the labiata group.
The utility of such a cross lies in the fact that no disturbing element is
introduced, and the possibility of further development is seen in the brilliant
Cattleya King-George, which is the subject of the following note.
ices
AX extremely brilliant hybrid was shown at the R.H.S. meeting held on
_ September 28th, by Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough,
and was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate. Its parents are
C. Dowiana aurea and C. triumphans, the latter the beautiful hybrid
figured on the previous page, and the opinion was unanimous that it is one
of the finest hybrid Cattleyas that has yet appeared. It differs trom C.
triumphans in having broader, more undulate petals, and a more strongly
undulate lip, which is more open at the base, so as to show the white
column, these characters naturally arising as the result of re-crossing with
C. Dowiana, but a certain resemblance to C. Rex is retained in the shape
of the petals, and in the more delicate veining of the lip. The sepals and
petals are clear light nankeen yellow, with a small purple blotch at the
apex of the latter, and the lip may be described as ruby crimson, with
delicate yellow veining all over, anda paler margin. It is a triumph of
hybridisation, and Messrs. Flory & Black must be congratulated on such a
brilliant acquisition. We should much like tu see the result of re-crossing
C. triumphans with the other parent, for C. Rex is such a distinct and
delicately-coloured species that it is worth following up, and the effect of
hybridising it in this way might give it just the strength of constitution
CATTLEYA KING-GEORGE. | TOES |
OcTOBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3'5
that the species seem to lack. M. Forget’s opinion of C. Rex is on record
(see p. 282), but there is no gainsaying the fact that it has somewhat
disappointed expectations’as a garden plant, and few have succeeded in
growing it well for long together.
Res| ORCHIDS AT KEW. | Brae |
HE Orchid houses at Kew are always interesting, and generally there
is a brilliant display of flowers, as at the present time, when Cattleyas
and allied genera, and the Cypripedium group, are making a good show.
A fine plant of Miltonia candida is bearing thirty-two spikes and an
aggregate of 172 flowers, and affords an object of excellent culture. Several
other Brazilian Miltonias are also in bloom. The remarkable Chondro-
petalum Fletcheri is bearing two spikes and eleven flowers, most like those
of the Zygopetalum parent, but the pale primrose, minutely fringed lip
shows the influence of Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii, which is known to
have been the other parent—a fortunate circumstance, for it is doubtful
whether anyone would have guessed it without the record, Zygopetalum
parent being so completely dominant in habit, structure, and colour, that it
would inevitably have been taken for a new species of Zygopetalum, had it
appeared as a wild plant. Near it are plants of Zygopetalum Mackayi,
intermedium and maxillare in bloom. A good plant of Sigmatostalix
radicans is bearing a profusion of flowers, not unlike a minature Oncidium
with a white lip. Lanium Berkeleyi, Pleurothallis lateritia, with brick-red
flowers, and Stelis barbata, with small, very hairy flowers are interesting,
while a number of the Orchis-like Stenoglottis longifolia are also in bloom.
In one of the Warm houses two groups of Phalzenopsis Esmeralda are
bearing a proffusion of erect spikes of light purple flowers, and several
species of Cirrhopetalum are in bloom, these including C. Micholitzu,
biflorum, fascinator, ornatissimum, and gracillimum. They are very
interesting little plants, and there is a quaintness about the flowers that 1s
very captivating. Several Stanhopeas have recently bloomed, and from the
size and quaintness of their flowers are always attractive, though they do
not last long. Near by is a plant of the rare and pretty Bifenaria
aurantiaca. Ione bicolor quite resembles a small Bulbophyllum we habite
and is blooming freely, while Bulbophyllum saltatorium 1s almost hike B.
barbatum with a shorter, denser spike. B. bisetosum is a very quaint little
Species, and is bearing nine of its slender pendulous spikes. Sa
Russellianum, Mormolyce lineolata, and Arundina chinenst are * er
rarities, and Cynoches pentadactylon is bearing a spike of male flowers.
The list might be much prolonged.
$s
316 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1915.
| 7 DENDROBIUM HOOKERIANUM. | v |
PLANT of the handsome Dendrobium Hookerianum was exhibited at
; the R.H.S. meeting held on September 14th from the collection of
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), together
with a remarkable variety having deeply fringed petals. The species is
probably the handsomest of the yellow-flowered species, but has long been
known as difficult to cultivate. It was originally described by Lindley, in
1859 (Journ. Linn. Soc., iii. p. 8), from materials collected in Sikkim by Sir
J. D. Hooker, and it is also a native of Assam and the Khasia Hills, where
it occurs at altitudes of 3000 to 6000 feet.
It appeared in cultivation some years later, and was described by
Reichenbach under the name of D. chrysotis (Gard. Chron., 1870, p. 1311),
from a plant which flowered with Messrs. James Brooks & Son, Fairfield
Nurseries, Manchester. It also received a First-class Certificate from the
R.H.S. in September, 1870. Its history was given when, in September,
1873, a flower that had been received from the collection of Mr. Warner,
was painted by Mr. John Day (Orch. Draw., xvi. t. 25). Mr. Day then
remarked: ‘‘ This splendid species was first introduced into this country
by me, through the exertions of my nephew, Captain W. J. Williamson, of
Assam. It was found in the Bhootan Hills. I first received it in the
spring of 1868, but did not know what it was. I have received considerable
numbers of it every season since, and it appears to be common enough
where it grows. I have never succeeded in blooming it, nor even in
growing it, although I have tried it in every house I have, in pots and
blocks and baskets, in heat and cold.” He then went on to speak of the
success with which it was grown by Mr. Warner, which may,be seen in a
figure afterwards published (Warn. Sel. Orch., iii. t. 6).
The two were connected when, in January, 1873, D. Hookerianum was
figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6013), with D. chrysotis as a synonym.
The identity was not admitted by Reichenbach, who as late as 1887 (Gard.
Chron., 1887, ii. p. 636), claimed Bot. Mag., t. 6013 as D. chrysotis, which
he regarded as a more slender plant than D. Hookerianum, of which
latter he had just received “ excellent materials from Mr. W. Bull.” What
these were we cannot Say, but.an examination of the original specimens
leaves no doubt that D. chrysotis, Rchb. f., is only a synonym of D.
Mookerianum, Lindl. The species is well marked by the golden yellow
flowers, born in long racemes, and the two dark blotches on the disc of the
deeply-fringed lip. Messrs. King & Pantling, however, remark that im
Sikkim a variety without blotches on the lip is not uncommon.
OcTOBER, 1915;] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 317°
D. HookERIANUM FoWLER’s VAR. is a remarkable peloriate variety,
differing from the type in having the petals as well as the lip very deeply”
fringed, this giving the flowers a very distinct appearance. It was described’
from the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., about a year ago (Gard.-
Chron., 1914, ii. p. 200), and received an Award of Merit from the R.H.5..
on September 14th last. R.A.R.
StS cepepealeet Je
GoopYERA REPENS.—This native species is an Orchid very seldom’
found in gardens. It would be interesting to know in what gardens it is
cultivated, and where it is known to blossom. At the present time a small
plant in the Wilderness garden at Shirley has thrown up two flower spikes,
one of which is fully developed and the other only now starting. The spike
in bloom bears twenty-two flowers. It is four years since a tiny bit of the:
plant was planted, and it has spread underground quite eighteen inches -
from the original spot.—W.W. 1
The note appeared in a recent issue of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, and we:
welcome the Secretary of the R.H.S. to the ranks of the Orchidists. We
may add that this interesting little plant is cultivated at Kew, and its name-
appears both in the Hand Lists of Orchids and of Herbaceous Plants. It
is very widely diffused all round the northern hemisphere, and it is-
interesting to recall the account of its discovery in Pine woods in Norfolk a -
few years ago, as recorded at pp. 326 and 327 of our fourteenth volume. It
is thought to have been introduced there, as its other British habitats are in
Scotland and the Lake District.
al
——- ee ee mag
ae PARIS CONGRESS ON GENETICS.
ee. naan
enetics, held at Paris
in which he describes
One of the parents
ng C. Maroni. The
N the Report of the International Congress on G
in September, 1911, is a paper by M. Ch. Maron,
the method by which he produced Cattleya Rutilant.
he obtained by crossing C. velutina with C. aurea, givl
flowers were chamois yellow, with the lip striped with white and carmine.
The other parent, C. Vigeriana, was produced by crossing C. aurea with:
C.labiata. C. Rutilant, the hybrid produced by crossing C. Maroni with
sized flowers with a trilobed lip. It
in London on September 29, 1908.
C. Vigeriana, it is remarked, is a flower of brilliant carmine colour, and it
is suggested that the brilliant colour of the lip of the C. aurea parent has
suffused itself through all the segments of the hybrid. M. Maron also
remarks that the influence of certain parents is very marked and difficult to
modify. For example in Cattleyas three-fourths derived from a large-
C. Vigeriana, possesses medium-
obtained a Frst-class Certificate
318 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, I9g15.
flowered Cattleya with an entire lip, and one fourth from one of medium |
size with a three-lobed lip, the three-lobed lip will persist, slightly modified
in shape, and smaller size.
A paper by Major C. C. Hurst, F.L.S., on The Principles of Genetics, _
includes some references to Orchids, particulariy albino Cattleyas and the
origin of a scarlet Odontoglossum crispum, which have already been noted
in our pages. There is also an interesting reference to self-fertilisation :—
‘‘The fact of the existence of a certain amount of self-sterility in many
Orchids makes breeding somewhat more complicated than in other plants.
For instance, for several years I have been attempting to self certain
segregates of Cypripedium Hera, and so far the only positive result
obtained has been one plant raised from C. Hera punctatum, and an
apparently good pod of seed now developing on C. H. Hurstii. More than
150 selfings have given no good seeds.”
The following *extracts are also significant :—
How are Mendelian factors produced? That is the problem that now
presents itself, and from the true solution of which we are still far distant.
—H. Nivison-Eu te. |
For nearly forty years I have had opportunities of watching many
thousands of plants under cultivation, and my own opinion, which is
shared by my collaborators, is that there is nothing approaching a new
species which has arisen by a mutation.—A. W. SuTTON.
ODONTOCHILUS LANCEOLATUS.—A very distinct and pretty little Orchid
of the Ancectochilus group has flowered in the collection of H. J. Elwes,
Esq., Colesborne Park, Glos. It is a native of Sikkim, and proves to be
the plant originally described by Lindley under the name of Ancectochilus
Janceolatus (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 499), but which afterwards proved to
belong to the allied genus Odontochilus, and was called O. lanceolatus,
Benth. (Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. tot). King & Pantling, however,
retain the original name (Orch. Sikkim, p. 295, t. 392). It occurs in Sikkim
at 5000 to 6000 feet elevation, and is also found in the Khasia Hills. The
leaves are green, and the flowers are borne in an erect spike about six
inches high, the sepals aad petals being light green, and the lip bright
yellow, with two obliquely-spreading front lobes, and a strongly-toothed
claw. The anther is pink. The plant afterwards called Ancectochilus
luteus by Lindley has proved identical. The difference from Ancectochilus
lies in the lip having only a short sac, concealed behind the base of the
lateral sepals, instead of a somewhat elongated spur. The large bright
yellow lip gives the flowers a very attractive character. We do he find a
record of the plant being in cultivation before.—-R.A.R.
OCTOBER, 1915-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319
| ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. ES
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during
October, on the 12th and 26th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on October 7th and atst.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection
of members and the public from 1 to4p.m. The succeeding meeting is
fixed for November 4th.
The shortage of labour owing to the war is being felt‘in many Orchid
Establishments, and in some cases is imposing considerable difficulties, as
we know by personal correspondence. Owing to this cause Messrs.
Thibault, of Nantes, are offering a large lot of Orchids for sale, particulars
of which will be found in our advertisement pages.
Mr. Douglas A. Sinclair, who some three years ago went to Borneo to
collect Orchids for the Hon. N. C. Rothschild and Sir Marcus Samuel, and
who later emigrated and ultimately joined the ranks of a colonial battalion
at the Dardanelles, is reported in the Gardeners’ Chronicle to have been
wounded, but it is hoped not severely. He is a nephew of the late Mr.
Sinclair, who at one time held a responsible position with Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons.
Two fine forms of Cattleya Sybil, Scintilant, and rotundobellum, raised
from the same seed-pod, are figured together in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
{P. 119, fig. 39). They are from the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
The former, which received a First-class Certificate, has an Iris-like lip, and
the latter, which gained an Award of Merit, an entire lip. It may be
Temembered that we figured seven others from the same seed-pod at page
265 of our last volume, and another, the superb variety, Lord Kitchener,
for which Messrs. Hassall received a First-class Certificate, at page 297-
A very handsome inflorescence of Stenoglottis longifolia has appeared Ab
the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Glos. The scape is about
three times as stout as usual, somewhat flattened towards the apex, and
crowded with its pretty light purple flowers, giving it a very cahe
appearance. It appeared among plants of the normal form, with which it
Agrees entirely in its five-lobed lip:
320 . THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcrosER, 1915,
_ ORCHID SEEDLINGS.—The possibility of growing Orchid seedlings in an
unheated house during the summer months is suggested by a note in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle. In June last a new boiler was being installed in a
block of houses at Warren House, Stanmore, and most of the seed-pots and
stores were removed to a warm house in another range. A good number of
seed-pots, however, with numerous young plants in various stages, from
which a sufficient stock had been pricked off, were left behind, and
remained in the unheated house till nearly the end of August, and it is said
that not one of the little plants died, and all of them compared favourably
with those that were removed to a warm house. They were presumably
the usual Warm house things, but it is not stated what they were.
LisTROSTACHYS Brownu.—A plant of this distinct Listrostachys has
just flowered with Sir Frederick W. Moore at the Royal Botanic Garden,
Glasnevin. It is a native of Uganda, and was collected at 3900 feet
elevation in the Entebbe district by Mr. E. Brown, and described in 1906
(Rolfe, in Kew Bull., 1906, p. 378). It belongs to the L. arcuata group,
and is distinguished among its allies by its short, rather numerous leaves,
and dense racemes, which slightly exceed the leaves in length. The spur
is about } inch long, and so strongly curved that it points towards the apex
of the raceme. The bracts are broad, and in the dried state the spike
somewhat resembles a broad head of wheat. Mr. Brown remarks that it is
a showy plant, growing in masses, and each growth usually producing two
spikes. The leaves are about 2} inches long, and the flowers white and
very fragrant.—R.A.R.
ORcHIDs FROM WARRINGTON.—A hybrid Cypripedium sent from the
collection of W. Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool, Warrington, was obtained
from C. Curtisii x vexillarium, and has the general shape of the former,
but the whole flower is much more suffused with purple, while the drooping
petals recall C. vexillarium. The characters of the two parents are very
well combined. Another cross in the collection has given a very curious
result. C. insigne Oddity x Watsonianum (concolor x Harrisianum) has
reproduced the curious peloriate condition of the former, having the petals
ria tai into lips, though not clasping the normal lip quite so much.
urious to see if other seedlings have the same character.
dd., and always easily distinguished from S. oculata, Lindl.
basal blotches occur in several species.
held over till next month
; eT a,
y the short broad hypochil of the I;
Several notes are unavoidably ion
OF me = 7 =)
a The Orchid Review S
2. VoL. XXIII. NoveEMBER, 1915. No. 275. S
ised OUR NOTE yout Eee]
LARGE number of hybrids more or less directly derived from Cattleya
Dowiana have appeared at the last few meetings of the R.H.S., and
it is curious how few of them reproduce the yellow sepals and petals of the
parent. The combinations with C. Bowringiana and C. labiata are almost
invariably purple, unless an albino is used, when the hybrid may have white
sepals and petals, and a richly-coloured lip. This is the case with C.
Fabia alba, the result of uniting C. Dowiana with a white labiata. In
either case the yellow is lost. No white form of C. Bowringiana has
ever appeared, so that the case of getting C. Mantinii with white sepals and
petals is remote. In some cases the influence of C. Dowiana seems to
intensify the shade of purple, as if the colour of the lip of the Dowiana
parent had suffused itself through the other segments of the hybrid, as
suggested by M. Ch. Maron (see p. 317) in the case of the intense purple C.
Fabia Vigeriana, which is the darkest form of C. Fabia known to us. This
brilliant variety received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in
September, 1908, and a plant that we believe is identical was shown at the
last R.H.S. meeting from the collection of Walter Cobb, Esq. The purfle is
so dark as to half obliterate the beautiful yellow veining on the lip. There
is something exceptional about the plant, and it would be interesting to
know what particular varieties were used, ‘and if other seedlings were
equally dark in colour.
Owing to this particular behaviour of the hybrids of C. Dowiana the
problem of increasing the number of yellows in the labiata group seemed
hopeless, for re-crossing with C. Dowiana does not secure a return of the
yellow colour, a fact which emphasises the exceptional character of the
brilliant Cattleya King-George (described at page 314) in which the sepals
and petals are of a clear light nankeen yellow, just the shade that has so
It is the result of re-crossing C. triumphans
long been sought in vain.
and as neither Rex nor
(Dowiana aurea X Rex) with C. Dowiana aurea,
321
322 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915.
triumphans have purple in the sepals and petals it was just the cross likely
to succeed, in fact, C. Dowiana and C. Rex are very nearly allied in every
respect, and their union resulted in the brilliant C. triumphans, whose
portrait is given at page 313. Cattleya King-George was unanimously
awarded a First-class Certificate, and it now remains to make further
experiments in the same direction.
Another Seedling Commendation was awarded at the R.H.S. meeting
held on October 12th last, the recipient being a handsome Odontoglossum
raised by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, and called O. Victory, the parentage
being given as O. crispum The Baroness X seedling unrecorded. As to its
general character reference may be made to the description given on page
340, and its beauty is beyond dispute, but we regret that for the present it
must find a place in the ranks of the doubtfuls. The difficulty in this case
‘seems to come from the second parent, and whether the parentage of this
could be made out by comparison remains to be proved when its identity is
indicated. As to the seedling itself it may be interesting to give the
following cutting from the daily press :—
““THE WHITE ORCHID.
“ One of the outstanding features at the show of the Royal Horticultural
‘Society at the Horticultural Hall, Westminster, yesterday, was a seedling
‘Orchid of the Odontoglossum variety, and named Odontoglossum Victory.
It has been produced by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Sandhurst Park,
‘Tunbridge Wells, who declared that they would not part with it for £300.
‘The Orchid is a finely-formed white flower, blotched with light brown,
and represents a great advance on anything previously seen. A great
‘Orchid expert says: ‘ The balance of the segments is absolutely perfect.’ ”
A final note under the same heading may also be preserved, though it
‘does not refer to the Odontoglossum.
“ Another novel exhibit was Lelia Pumil alba, a pure white Orchid
exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough. The percentage of white
‘Orchids produced is one in 50,000.” ,
Another interesting innovation appeared at the last meeting of the
R.H.S. Plants are sometimes passed over by the Orchid Committee
because a certificate has already been awarded, and the point is not
always appreciated by exhibitors. An attempt is now being made to
remedy this, by affixing a label to the plant stating that a First-class
Certificate or an Award of Merit, as the case may be, has already been
given. To this end a number of enamelled labels have been prepared,
to be attached to the plant for the duration of the meeting, and which
NovEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323
must not be taken away by the exhibitor. Three such plants were indicated
at the last meeting, and it was interesting to compare them with the plants
certificated on the same date. It must not, of course, be assumed that the
plants so labelled are in the same condition as when originally certificated,
for there is that undefinable something that culture gives which often
determines whether a certificate shall be awarded or not. But one thing is
likely to be demonstrated, and that is the increasingly high standard
required to secure a certificate as time goes on—at all events in the case of
hybrids—and this is a sure indication of progress. If the arrangement is
carried out thoroughly it will give a new interest to the meetings, for it is
certain that some of the certificated Orchids of the past would be passed
over to-day.
A recent article on Unit-characters, by Mr. S. J. Holmes, places these
hypothetical beings in rather a new light. It appears in the Journal of
Heredity, with the supplementary heading, “‘ Reality of Their Existence is
Fundamental to Study of Evolution, But Has Never Been Proved.” We
are told that “‘ the doctrine of unit-characters is one that has figured largely
in speculation on heredity and evolution from the time of Darwin to the
present. According to this doctrine an organism is a sort of mosiac of
parts, each of which is dependent for its development upon some kind of
discrete entity in the germ cell. The germ cell is therefore considered a
complex of organic units more or less independent of one another in their
activities and transmission.”
We had an idea that unit-characters were something that were
peculiarly associated with the discoveries of Mendel, and it has been
claimed that ‘Had Mendel’s work come into the hands of Darwin, it is
not too much to say that the history of the development of evolutionary
Pphilosopy would have been very different from that which we _ have
witnessed.” We do not remember any reference to “ unit-characters”” in
the Origin of Species, and the claim that ‘the word does not occur in the
Index” can be better substantiated than the one about “ adaptations,”’ to
which we alluded last month.
Mr. Holmes remarks that many of the difficulties urged against the
theory of natural selection disappear when variations are considered as
belonging to the organism as a whole, and not as limited primarily to
particular parts. Most modern discussions consider evolutionary problems
from the standpoint of the doctrine of unit-characters. Speculations are
<ommon as to how this or that character could have been developed through
natural selection, as if each part were somehow separately improved by a
324 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915
series of fortunate survivals. ‘‘If, on the other hand, variations of any one
part involve variations throughout the organism, then the preservation of
favourable variations in any one organ would of necessity entail changes in
other organs which for the most part would probably have no relation to
utility.” pe ee
. Darwin explained the term ‘‘ Correlated variation” as meaning that
“the whole organisation is so tied together during its growth and develop-
ment, that when slight variations in any one part occur, and are accumulated
through natural selection, other parts become modified,” and we cannot
improve on that.
The following note comes in well in the connection, though it was
extracted for another purpose :-—
EvoLuTIon.—We may trace in organic nature long and_ finely
graduated series leading upward from the lower to the higher forms, and
we must believe that the wonderful adaptive manifestations of the more
complex forms have been derived from simpler conditions through the
progressive operation of natural causes. But . . . when the conserv-
ing action of natural selection is in the fullest degree recognised .
we are utterly ignorant of the manner in which the ideoplasm of the germ
cell can so respond to the influence of the environment as to call forth an
adaptive variation.— Wilson, The Cell in development and inheritance, p. 434: °
The note was not written with reference to Orchids, but is sufficiently
appropriate, and the special point is that the responses are made, in spite of
the profundity of our ignorance.
A new view is urged in connection with our comments on the Law of
Priority discussed last month. It is that for horticultural purposes it may
be neglected, and a recent criticism is cited that ‘‘ For Scientific purposes
a strictly scientific nomenclature is no doubt advisable, and certain
international rules have been adopted at various quinquennial congresses.”
And weare told that in Messrs. Sander’s List of Orchid Hybrids ‘« the hybrid
between L. tenebrosa and C. aurea is recorded under the well-known name
luminosa, instead of the unrecognised Truffautiana,” and ‘the hybrid
between C. Mossiz and gigas is recorded as Enid, and not under the earlier
name Adonis.” It is a safe rule to “ verify your references,” and had ouf
correspondent done this he would have seen that no hybrids at all are
enumerated under either C. aurea or C. gigas. We read “‘C. gigas, “
Warscewiczii,” and “C. aurea, see Dowiana.” The remark about theif
popularity is not contested, for no names have to be so frequently altered 0
reports. It is a good example of “ go-as-you-please nomenclature.”
NovEMBER, 1915. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 325
BeiceS | THE GENUS KR/ENZLINELLA. bets |
N interesting little Orchid, with Pleurothallis-like habit and spikes of
ochreous-red flowers, was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St.
Albans, at the R.H.S. meeting held on October 12th last. Its resemblance
to Pleurothallis platyrachis, Rolfe (Bot. Mag., t. 7129) at once caught the
eye, but the scapes were not flattened. A search for the name revealed the
fact that both the plants mentioned belong to Krenzlinella, a small genus
not yet known among cultivated Orchids. The name was given by Kuntze
to an Ecuadorean Orchid that was collected by Consul Lehmann, and
described in 1899 under the name of Otopetalum Tungurague (the change
of name being necessary because there was an earlier genus Otopetalum,
a Javan plant belonging to the Apocynacez). An unnamed specimen of
this has been found in Lehmann’s Herbarium, and a comparison shows
that all the three plants mentioned are identical in structure, thus affording
an opportunity to clear the confusion up.
In 1884 a Costa Rican Orchid, that had been collected by Mr. E:
Shuttleworth, was sent to Kew by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. as
Masdevallia sp. Soon afterwards it threw up a spike of flowers, which were
quite anomalous in structure, and no name could be- found for it.
Four years later, when the plant was well developed, it was described
under the name of Masdevallia platyrachis. It was remarked: “ This is a
hew and very remarkable species of Masdevallia, and one which presents
such a series of anomalous characters that it appears to constitute a totally
hew section of the genus.’’ Masdevallia then included the curious plants
with inverted flowers now referred to Scaphosepalum, and the resemblance
of M. platyrachis to them was pointed out, though the flowers were not
inverted. Some time later, when the genus Scaphosepalum was revised,
M. platyrachis was referred to Pleurothallis, where, however, the position
was still anomalous.
In 1899 the genus Otopetalum was described. It was said to be an ally
of Bulbophyllum section Didactyle, differing, however, in the absence of
pseudobulbs, and in having bilobed petals, somewhat resembling those of
Certain Habenarias. The plant was called O. Tungurague, from the fact
that it was discovered at the foot of Mount Tunguragua, on the Ecuadorean
Andes. It was afterwards transferred to Pleurothallis, by Schlechter, and
two additional species were described from dried specimens.
The affinity of the genus is with Scaphosepalum, the habit being very
Similar, also the two pyriform pollinia, but the flowers are not inverted, and
the petals are obliquely auricled at the base, the two auricles being situated
behind the column, and slightly clasping it, while the strongly recurved lip
326 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, 1915+
is sigmoidly curved at the base, and the lateral sepals are connate. The
scape continues to elongate and flower for a long time, as in Masdevallia.
racemosa, one of the Lehmann specimens bearing as many as forty bracts,
which are conduplicate, curved, and strongly keeled, giving it a very curious
appearance, The capsule is muricate, and abottt eight lines long.
The following are the known species :—
K. Tuncuracuz, Kuntze, ex Pfitzer in Engl. e Prantl, Pflanzen.,
Nachtr. iii. p. 86. Otopetalum Tungurague, Lehm. & Kranzl. in Eng.
Jahrb., xxvi. p. 457. Pleurothallis otopetalum, Schltr. in Fedde Rep. Nov.
Sp., X. p. 292.—Ecuador ; in open woods at the foot of Mt. Tunguragua,
near Banos, at 1500-2000 ft. alt., Lehmann, n. 8088; and in the forest of
Shoray, Prov. Cuenca, 1800-2400 m. alt. Flowers ochraceous.
K. PLATYRACHIS, Rolfe. Masdevallia platyrachis, Rolfe, in Gard. Chirottes
1888, ii. p. 178. Pleurothallis platyrachis, Rolfe, in Journ. Bot., 1890, p-
136, in note; Bot. Mag., t. 7129.—Costa Rica, at Sabonilla, E. Shuttle-
worth. Flowered at Kew in October, 1884.
K. muricaTa, Rolfe. Pleurothallis muricata, Schltr., in Fedde Rep. Nov-
Sp., X. p. 293.—Guatemala, near Coban, at 15d0°m. alt. Turckheim, n. il.
2392.
K. sororta, Rolfe. Pleurothallis sororia, Schltr., in Fedde Rep. Nov-
Sp., X. p. 294.—Costa Rica, in forest of Rancho flores, at 2043 m. alt.,
Pittier, n. 2157.
K. RUFESCENS, Rolfe, n. sp.—The plant exhibited by Messrs. Sander
& Sons has been described under this name. It bears a general resemblance
to K. Tunguraguz, but is smaller in all its parts. The leaves are oblong,
fleshy, and about four inches long, and the flowers, which are nearly } inch
long, are reddish orange, with some dusky dots on the lateral sepals, and
some similar stripes on the dorsal one. Messrs. Sander are not absolutely
certain about the habitat, but they think it is one of Forget’s Peruvian
plants. , R. A. ROLFE.
agen?
i, iC)
ERIODES BARBATA. ©
A inflorescense of a very curious Orchid appeared in the group
exhibited by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co. at the R.H.S. meeting held
on October 26th. We immediately recognised it as that of Eria barbata,
Lindl., which elicited the remark that the plant bore no resemblance to
an Eria. This is quite correct. It is the plant that was described by
Lindl., in 1857; under the name of Tainia barbata, the author remarking +
“We received a living specimen of this curious thing from Messfs-
Loddiges last October. It is a native of the Khasia Hills, where Griffith
found it on trees of Gordonia on the descent of the Suniassu Valley. We
NovEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 327
also have it through the kindness of A Veitch from Mr. Thomas Lobb,.
who met with it in the same region.” It was described as a terrestrial
plant with the ovate green bulb of Ania latifolia, the plated leaves of a
Bletia, and the flowers inverted, and borne ona long loose lateral downy
panicle, two feet or more long, and yellowish streaked with brown.
‘ Griffith was quite puzzled with the plant, which he described and
figured in 1848 under the single word “ Erioidea,” to indicate a certain
resemblance to Eria in floral structure. Reichenbach carried the idea
further by calling it Eria barbata, under which name it has long been
known, though Sir Joseph Hooker expressed a doubt as to its belonging to-
Eria, while more recently Kranzlin has returned it to Tainia, where it is
equally out of place. The fact is, it is quite distinct, and we have long
believed that the best way to deal with it is to make a new genus for its
reception. For this the name Eriodes has been selected, as indicating as.
closely as possible Griffith’s idea of its affinity.
In habit Eriodes closely resembles Spathoglottis, but is characterized by
itsinverted flowers, its narrow, strongly reflexed sepals and petals, its narrow,
strongly recurved mobile lip, its sharply angled column, and in its having the
eight pollinia attached in two fours on a broad transverse gland. One very
curious character of the plant has been observed from the outset, namely, an
irregular line of numerous flat brown hairs on one side of the pedicels.
They were thus described by Lindley: ‘‘ On the flower stalks, mixed with
soft down, are numerous very remarkable flat brown bodies, which Griffith
calls ‘ ramenta’ ;: they are really simple cells, filled with brown chromule
even when fresh, and with the form of a common paper knife blade; some-
where near the middle is a distinct cytoblast with fine grumous matter
surrounding it.” And Reichenbach states that they show beautiful areol
under a high magnifying power. Their position is curious. They occur
in a line along the upper side of the untwisted pedicel, and extend from the
base to beyond the middle, stopping when the ovary proper is reached.
Their function is unknown.
Besides the original habitat on the Khasia Hills, the species was
collected at Shillong, by Mr. C. B. Clark, at 5000 feet altitude, while the
Source of a garden plant is said to have been Upper Burma. We have seen
it from several collections. The following are references to descriptions and
figures :—
ERIopDEs BARBATA, Rolfe, n. gen.
Tainia barbata, Lindl., in Gard. Chron., 1857, P
Eria barbata, Rchb. f., in Walp. Amn., vi. p- 270 5 "Suan Refug. Bot.,
t. 114; Hook. f. Fl. Ind., V. p- 803.
Eriodea, Griff. [tin. Notes, p. 82; Ic. Pl. Asiat. Kar., t. 302. age
328 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915,
aes] NOTICE OF BOOK. Aa
Orchidacea. Illustrations and Studies of the Family Orchidacea, issued from
the Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, Mass. By: Oakes
Ames, Director of the Botanic Garden of Harvard. University.
Fascicle V. Boston. The Merrymount Press, 1915.
HE fifth volume of this interesting work is devoted to an enumeration
of the genera and species of Philippine Orchids. The group has
received= great attention since the American occupation, for, in addition to
the regular explorations carried on by the Botanical Department of the
Bureau of Science at Manila, several collectors have made a special search
for Orchids. There are; however, still large areas botanically unknown
from which accessions will probably be made. Among the plant families
that constitute the vegetation-of the Philippine Islands the Orchidacez is
said to be the richest in representatives, exceeding the Rubiacez, the next
largest family, by several hundred species. The number of species
enumerated is 723, distributed among ror genera, and 11g of the species
are described as new. The Orchid of the Philippines are closely allied to
that of Celebes, Java, and the Malay Archipelago, but the number of
endemic species is very large, and it is estimated that approximately ninety
percent. are endemic. The three largest genera are Bulbophyllum, with
86 ‘species, ‘Dendrobium, with 83, and Dendrochilum, with 69, the latter
constituting about half the known species. None of the genera are
endemic. The arrangement of the species is alphabetical, which has the
disadvantage of separating those that are closely allied. In the case of
Dendrobium, however, a short key to the sections is added, with an
enumeration of the species they contain.
‘A good many Orchids have been erroneously recorded from the
Philippines at different times, and allusion to these is made in the preface,
the records arising largely from wrong identifications in an enumeration of
Philippine Orchids by Naves, and the inclusion of a list by Boxall which
was never intended as ‘a record of plants actually found there. Other
€rrors arose through the absence of localities from a number of plants
collected by Cuming, which have been wrongly attributed to the Philippines,
and the source of these in a few cases stil] remains doubtful. It is curious
to note that Cypripedium Fairrieanum was included by Naves as a native
of the Philippines.
The work includes a sketch map, showing the remarkable configuration
of the Philippine gtoup, and its position with respect to the rest of the
Malay Archipelago. No other figures appear in the volume. It is af
important contribution to our knowledge of the Orchids of the Philippines-
NOVEMBER, 1915.]| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 329
CATTLEYVA LADY VEITCH fl
2%)
\" have now pleasure in giving a figure of the chaste and beautiful
hybrid, Cattleya Lady-Veitch, for which Messrs. Sander & Sons re-
ceived a First-class Certificateat the R.H.S. meeting held on September 28th
last, as recorded at page 310. It was raised by them from C. Lueddemanniana
alba x Warneri alba, and it will be’ noticed that besides preserving the
Fig. 41. CATTLEYA Lapy-VEITCH.
albinism of both parents, it has also an excellent shape, and that the petals
have retained much cf the breadth that is so characteristic of the latter
parent. The colour of the flower is pure white, with a light yellow
the lip, on which may be traced a lighter radiating venation. It }
nino Cattleyas. The figure represents
Messrs.
re
disc to
S a
oo
valuable addition to the ranks of al
the flower about two-thirds natural size, and we are indebted to
Sander & Sons for the photograph.
330 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, 1915+
§ | CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM. | |
CURIOUS mistake with regard to the history of Cypripedium
Sanderianum appeared in an Obituary notice of the late Mr. Edwin
Lonsdale, cited from the Florists’ Exchange, at page 306 of our last issue.
It was stated that the species was found in a batch of C. Lawrenceanum,
and was sold to Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans. Messrs. Sander inform
us that this is quite erroneous. Some thirty years ago C. Stonei platyeenium
was a great desideratum, and Mr. F. Sander, not then realising that it was
a freak, despatched Forsterman to Borneo to search for it. It is hardly
necessary to state that he did not succeed, but he found and sent home
instead the striking novelty that is the subject of the present note. It
flowered at St. Albans, for the first time in Europe, in the spring of 1886,
and was described by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1886, i. p. 554), the
author remarking: “‘ This is an extraordinary surprise as well as a beauty
from the Malayan Archipelago.” Nothing was then stated as to the circum”
stances of its discovery, but when somewhat later it was figured in
Reichenbachia (ser. 1, i. p. 7, t. 3) it was said to have been discovered by
J. Forsterman. The circumstances would indicate the locality as Borneo,
and more definite information came in 1894, when Dr. G. B. Haviland sent
from Borneo a dried inflorescence to Kew with the record: ‘‘ From the
Resident’s Orchid house, probably from Baram originally.” There is also a
dried specimen in the Herbarium of the late W. H. Gower (purchased by
Kew in 1895) with the word ‘“‘ Borneo”’ written on the ticket, though a pen
has afterwards been run through it.
C. Sanderianum is an ally of C. philippinense, but is markedly different
in its much attenuated petals, which sometimes reach a length of as much
as twenty inches, as well as in colour and other details of the flower. It is
a Warm house species, and a very striking object when well grown. About
a dozen hybrids from it are now known.
The species has been unfortunate as regards its records, for in the first
supplement to the Index Kewensis, compiled at Brussels by Durand, it is
said to be an artificial hybrid and, although the Reichenbachia plate iS
given, the original record is incorrectly cited. The fact is, it has been
confused with C. Saundersianum (caudatum x Schlimii), but here again
both the author and the original reference are wrongly cited (see note on
page 346).
It is curious to note that the preceding reference in the Index Kewensis
is also erroneous, for the C. Sanderz there given as a synonym of C.
Sanderianum is the well-known C. callosum Sandere.
NovVEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 331
By W. H. WHITE, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
F CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER. y
OVEMBER is generally considered the: period at which the winter
treatment of Orchids should commence, and during this time it is
necessary to afford careful study in everything appertaining to the future
welfare of the plants. The great difficulty is to balance the four great
agents ruling plant life—light, heat, moisture, and air—so that those
Orchids which are at rest are not unduly excited to start prematurely,
and that those growing may be encouraged to mature sound healthy
growth. Natural light being beyond our control, while heat, moisture,
and air are not, it follows that we must use the three in proportion to what
we get of the other. Thus during the winter months the temperature of
the various houses on light bright days should be a few degrees higher than
on dull heavy days, and on every day the highest temperature of any house
should be between the hours of twelve and two, while the lowest should be
during the hours of darkness. The difference between these two extremes
should be from five to ten degrees when the temperature is maintained by
fire-heat, and several degrees higher may be allowed during sunshine.
And, as mentioned in a former Calendar, sudden fluctuations of temper-
atures should be avoided as much as possible, for many tender Orchids
under cultivation are easily injured thereby. These are important matters,
but difficult of accomplishment at times, owing to our changeable weather,
and the error is quite as often in having too much heat in the pipes as in
having too little.
These remarks should be remembered by the young beginner, for with
a range of ten degrees between the two extremes of the winter temperature
the plants generally should be quite safe. The following temperatures
should be aimed at: East Indian house, 60° to 70°; Cattleya house,
55° to 60°; Mexican and Intermediate houses, 50° to 60°; Cool house,
45° to 55°. Any of these divisions might fall a degree or two lower for a
short period, at times when, through very severe frost, much fire-heat is In
use, causing the atmosphere of the houses to be more than ordinarily dry.
Undoubtedly, for the next few months to come, the heating apparatus will
have to afford most of the warmth in the various houses, and should be used
carefully, as an excess of fire-heat, if persisted in for long together, is
frequently the cause of injury to the plants, and of the increase of insect
Pests, particularly thrips and red spider. Cockroaches also multiply very
quickly when much fire-heat is being used, and Orchid-growers know only
too well the injury these voracious pests do to the succulent roots, flower
Spikes, and tender growths of the plants.
33? THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915
The injurious effects of artificial heat during unusually cold weather,
‘when the hot-water pipes have to be kept extra warm, should be as far as
possible counterbalanced by the admission of fresh air, and the use of a
moderate amount of water in damping the paths, stages, and immediately
under the pipes, thus moderating the dryness of the air in the house. In
order to economise heat during spells of cold frosty weather, it is good
practice to cover the houses with canvas, garden mats, &c. The mats
should be neatly and strongly tied at the ends, and several may be sewn
together in different lengths as required for each house. These may easily
be rolled along the lower part of the roof, which is generally the coldest
part of the house, putting them on at dusk and taking them off at day-
break. As a safeguard in cold windy weather, these coverings should be
made secure, so that they cannot be blown off, and when wet or frozen
they should be thoroughly dried before using them again. Some growers
leave their open lattice wood blinds on all the winter, in order that when
cold nights come they may be let down over the glass, also over the mats,
which not only assists to keep them firmly fixed in their places, but are a
great help in keeping up the temperature of the house. It is not advisable
to employ the usual canvas roller blinds for this purpose—although they too
are useful in maintaining the warmth inside—for it may happen in very cold
weather that they become frozen so stiff that they cannot be rolled up
again for several hours after day-break, the plants thus losing a considerable
amount of light which, as previously mentioned, is an agent they never get
enough of during our long dull winters. :
If there be any large deciduous trees near to the Orchid houses, they
will probably, ere this, have discarded their foliage, and immediately the
leaves have fallen, the glass of the houses, both inside and out, should be
well washed, and at the same time see that all the laps in the glass are also
freed from dirt, for when these Japs are thoroughly clean more air can
penetrate, thus causing a nice refreshing feeling in the atmosphere inside.
The woodwork should likewise be scrubbed, and if the walls are lime-
washed, it will greatly assist in increasing the light in the houses. | While
the plants are being removed and re-arranged they should all be carefully
examined for insects. Sponge the leaves with clean soft water, wash the
pots, stages, &c., and keep everything about the plants trim, clean, and
tidy. In ventilating the houses through the winter months the aim should
be to admit as much fresh air as possible without chilling the plants. In
low-roofed houses this is best done by opening those ventilators on the
ground line, and these should be near, or opposite to the hot-water pipes.
In mild weather the top ventilators in lofty houses may be opened slightly,
there being less danger here of the plants getting chilled. When very cold
or east winds prevail it is best to keep the top lights closed, and to regulate
NoveMBER, 1915. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333-
the temperature wholly by means of the lower ventilators, opening those on
the leeward or opposite side to the wind.
CATTLEYAS.—At the present time Cattleya Bowringiana, C. labiata, and
many of their hybrids form the chief attraction in this house, and nearly all
of them are well worth growing, their flowers being of a rich colour and
producing an excellent effect, especially by artificial light. After flowering
these plants should be arranged in a cool, light ‘position in the house,
and where air will circulate freely around them. While at rest much care’
is needed in watering, for if the potting materials be kept constantly moist,
or made too wet when the plants are watered, it will oftentimes cause the
pseudobulbs to turn black and decay. Repotting may be done so soon as-
new roots are seen pushing out from the base of the last-made growths.
Plants that have made their full complement of roots, either before:
blooming or when in flower, should be repotted soon after growth recom-
mences. The earlier-flowering C. Gaskelliana, although its roots are
growing and extending, should not be disturbed by repotting at this season,-
but in spring, when the new growths will appear. C. Lawrenceana is
generally late in starting to grow, and, owing to lack of sunlight and natural:
heat, makes comparatively slow progress; it is therefore advisable to elevate
each plant well up to the roof glass, where they may obtain all the sunlight
possible, the smallest plants being suspended near to the roof. Whilst
making their growth during winter, a rather dry position in the Warm:
house is a suitable place for them, but at no time must they be kept
saturated with water, as the young breaks are apt to decay from this cause, .
therefore a great deal of discretion must be used. When the new growths
are fully matured very little water will be. needed to keep the pseudobulbs-
plump, a slightly increased quantity being applied when the flower spikes:
begin to push up through the sheaths. Plants of C. Percivaliana, having
completed their pseudobulbs, should be kept moderately dry at the root,.
Over-dryness causing either abortive flowering or deformed flowers. Plants
of this species should also be raised well up to the roof glass. ia
Disas.—Disa grandiflora, racemosa, and the hybrids, Weitehit,
langleyersis, kewensis, Premier, &c., are now sending up their young
shoots, and will require to be repotted. When breaking up large crowded:
pots or pans, of these plants, great care is necessary, or many of the roots,
which are extremely brittle, will be ruined. The strongest breaks, which
are to be grown on to bloom first, should have all those long white root-like-
offsets cleared from them. Such offsets, if kept, will make tubers and roots
for themselves, and thus increase the stock, but in their earlier stages they
are dependent upon the same tubers which support the flowering growths.
In re-making up specimens, select growths of uniform size, so that they
will all flower together, and thus make a good show. Where space is of
334 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915.
little consequence it is a good plan to pot the strongest growths singly,
using rather smaller pots, then, after the plants have made some progress, and
are rooting freely, they may be transferred with but little root disturbance
into pots several sizes larger. Ample drainage must be given to carry off
the large supplies of water these plants always require, and the bulk of the
compost for Disas should be sandy peat and sandy fibrous loam, to which
may be added some chopped sphagnum moss, coarse sand, and broken
crocks.
Although in some places Disas will thrive in cold frames, and probably
in the extreme south-west even without that protection, yet they appreciate
the atmosphere of the Cool houses, especially when placed where they can
obtain a good clear light, without direct sunshine. In watering keep the
surface of the compost just moist until there are numerous roots, then the
supply should be considerably increased, and a few heads of living sphagnum
moss pricked in over the surface of the compost, so that an equable degree
of moisture about the roots and growths may be maintained. Open wood-
work staging is not to be recommended for these plants to stand on, there
being insufficient moisture in close proximity to the plants. It is more
suitable to use thick slates, which should never be allowed to become quite
dry; even the last thing at night it is good practice to pour water over
them. Should thrips or green fly attack the shoots, they must be
immediately destroyed, or the plants will soon decline in vigour. For
green fly use brush and sponge, and for thrips lay the plants down on their
sides every few weeks and syringe them with a solution of warm soft soapy
water, but on no account must these plants be subjected to the fumes of
the vapouriser. Plants of D. Luna, D. Veitchii, and others that were
repotted several months ago must now receive abundance of water at the
roots, and if they were potted into small pots may now be safely
transferred into larger receptacles.
LycastEs.—L. Skinneri and its variety alba will now be fast finishing
up their growth, and soon be sending up flowers. Lycastes, while growing,
require abundance of water, but at this particular time they should be kept
somewhat drier. On no account must they be allowed to shrivel for want
of water, but the little check they receive from having less will cause them
to send up their flowers more together, instead of by two or three at a time.
These Lycastes are best potted in the spring when growth commences.
Through the winter they are quite content with the Coo! house temperature,
so long as it does not descend much below 50°. The foliage of these plants
is too often met with far more yellow than green, and one cause is loss of
roots through over-watering, and another a small species of red spider
which feeds upon the undersides of the leaves. The remedy for this is to
sponge them over periodically. Some of the varieties of L. lanipes—an
NOVEMBER, 1915. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335
Intermediate house plant—are well worth growing, the plants of some
varieties being nearly pure white, many in number, and delightfully scented
during the night. Plants of these species will now be flowering in various
collections. Water must be given less frequently to L. leucantha,
aromatica, Deppei, and cruenta.
PLEIONES.—The Pleiones mentioned in a former Calendar will in a few
weeks’ time have passed out of flower, and immediately after this the new
roots will begin to push out from the green shoots from which the flowers
have sprung. After the flowers are over the plants should be repotted.
Shallow pans that can be suspended well up to the light are quite suitable,
and ample drainage is necessary, as the plants need plenty of water when
growing freely. The potting compost should consist. of fibrous loam,
chopped osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss, in equal parts, well mixed
with broken crocks and coarse silver sand. After being repotted the plants
should receive little or no water for several weeks, and afterwards only
enough to keep the compost moist, but when in full growth afford water
copiously. A light airy position in the Intermediate house is the place for
them. Pleione humilis and P. Hookeriana will now have finished their
growth, so keep them suspended in the Cool house, and water often enough
to keep the soil just moist. Their flowering season is February. The rare
P. yunnanensis should be treated likewise.
SOBRALIAS.—The majority of the Sobralias will now be making many
large roots from the base of their young growths, and in order to obtain
Strong flowering growths these roots must have something nourishing to
gtow in. All pot-bound plants should at once have a liberal shift, and
large unwieldy specimens may be divided. Drain the pots to about a
quarter of their depth, pot moderately firmly with the mixture recommended
for the Pleiones. After root disturbance afford water carefully, and when
well established avoid dryness at any time. Grow the plants in a light
Position in the Intermediate house. It is as yet a little too early in the
Season to remove this year’s flowering breaks, but as soon as the leaves on
those stems change colour, cut them down to the roots, afterwards tie out
the young growths clear of each other, so that light and air may pass freely
between them.
CymBIDIUMs.—Strong plants of C. Lowianum, C. Lowianum-eburneum,
and others that have made their growth and are not showing their flower
spikes, should be kept for some weeks longer on the dry side, otherwise they
will start away into growth, and fail to produce their flowers. Thoae
already showing their spikes should receive every encouragement. In either
case keep the plants on the lightest side of the Intermediate house, with
their foliage well up to the roof glass. Pot-bound specimens are more likely
to bloom than those which were repotted in the spring.
336 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoVEMBER, 1915,
CALANTHES.—As the pseudobulbs of the early-flowering Calanthes of
the C. Veitchii section. are now fully grown, and the bloom spikes are
pushing up, a moderate amount of water must be afforded till all the
flowers are expanded, when it may be gradually withheld. From the
present time no more manure water is necessary for these plants, but’a
little may still be afforded to those of the C. Regnieri section till their
growths are completed. When the Calanthes begin to open their flowers
put them together in one part of the house, where it is possible to keep their
immediate surroundings somewhat dry. The Cattleya house. is a suitable
place for them when the flowers commence to open, as those that open in
the lower temperature will fade less quickly when cut than if opened in
their growing quarters.
- |
N inflorescence of this pretty little rose-coloured Orchid has been sent
from the collection of G. Hodgson, Esq., The. Grange, Hemsworth,
Wakefield. ._ It is said to have been gathered in Venezuela, at 1000-2000
feet elevation. It is a very old garden plant, and before the advent of so
many showy hybrids was deservedly popular, though it seems to have
become rare of late years. It was described and figured a century ago
(H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp., i. p. 367, t. 92), from materials collected in the
neighbourhood of Carthagena, where it was found growing on the trunks of
the Calabash tree. It was introduced to cultivation about the year 1818,
from Trinidad, and was figured some seven years later (Bot. Reg., t- 930);
by which time it had two synonyms, for Messrs. Loddiges, who also
obtained it from Trinidad, figured it as R. lanceolata (Bot. Cab., t. 676);
mistaking it for Ruiz & Pavon’s Peruvian plant of that name, and shortly
afterwards it was again figured as Pleurothallis (?) coccinea (Hook. Exot. Fi.,
il. t. 129). It is a widely diffused species, ranging from Panama, St.
Vincent and Trinidad to Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil. In Guiana it
seems to be very widely diffused, and, according to the late Mr. E. S.
Rand, it is very common around Para, Brazil, the Mango trees being full of
it, and it is almost the only Orchid found within the city itself (Vetch Man.
Or ch., ix. p. 175). It also varies in colour from pale to deep rose, and the
variety sanguinea represents a dark-coloured form that the brothers
Schomburgk found growing on the banks of the Demerara River- The
plant may be grown in well-drained pans or baskets suspended from the
roof of the Intermediate house, and is very attractive when seen in good
condition, its one-sided racemes being produced very freely. R.A.R.
| ee | RODRIGUEZIA SECUNDA.
NoveMBER, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 337
— $$
RoND| Ost |
) CYPRIPEDIUM FAIRRIEANUM. we)
BC XS
i
T may be remembered that some time ago a note of warning was sounded
by Mr. E. H. Woodall respecting a decline of vigour in plants of this
beautiful Cypripedium (O.R., xxii. p. 38), and it is with the greater pleasure
CYPRIPEDIUM FAIRRIEANUM AT BriIDGE HALL, Bury.
ig. 42.
F
that we call attention to the fact, recorded on page 244, that a fine batch
of plants from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury,
was exhibited at Manchester on October 21st, carrying up to seven flowers
on a plant, and some of them twin. The annexed figure represents a group
that flowered there some six years ago, and the vigour seems to have been
fully maintained, for on the last occasion a Cultural Certificate was
338 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1915.
deservedly awarded. It is probably a question of providing suitable
treatment, and the method followed is described by Mr. Rogers. The
compost consists of about equal parts of peat and loam, with a good
sprinkling of tufa broken up to about the size of peas, with the dust also
included. The pots are also drained with tufa, and a few -heads ot
sphagnum are pricked into the compost after potting. The plants are
grown in the same house as C. insigne, and are watered freely during the
summer, and syringed in the afternoon during hot weather. Mr. Wrigley’s
remark that the plants are pictures of health is fully borne out by the
photograph, and their continued success must be particularly gratifying in
view of the previous history of the species.
Mr. Woodall, to whom reference is made above, has’ the good
fortune to be able to grow it in the open air at Nice, and finds that it
thrives as well as C. insigne, at the foot of an olive tree, with only some
sheltering shrubs to screen the plants from summer suns and winter frosts.
As this was after five years’ experience the success of the treatment should
be well assured. Probably the conditions described approximate more
nearly to those of its native home than those under which it is sometimes
placed in our collections.
Key SOCLE EES. | (8
RoyaL HorTICULTURAL.
he usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on October 12th, when there was 4
good display of Orchids for the season, and the awards consisted of five
medals, one Award of Merit, one Seedling Commendation, and one Cultural
Commendation.
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chait),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, A. Dye,
W. P. Bound, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong,
A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, Pantia Ralli, C. H. Curtis, R. A. Rolfe, and
Sir Harry J. Veitch.
Dr. Miguel Lacrose, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Creswell), received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a group of two dozen well-grown plants of Odonto-
glossum grande, which were arranged in-a setting of maiden-hair fern,
making a very effective display.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J- Davis);
sent a few good things, including Cattleya Venus Fowler’s var., bronzy
yellow with a magenta-crimson, Iris-like lip, a good plant of Odontonia
brugensis var. Eileen, Leliocattleya Haroldiana Monkholme var., a large
—
| NovEMBER, 1915;] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 339
and richly-coloured form, and a promising seedling from Leeliocattleya
St.-Gothard xX Cattleya Empress-Frederick, with two fine purple flowers.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent Odontioda Vulcan (Odm. Clytie x C. Neetzliana), with dark crimson
flowers, and Cattleya Venus var. Her Majesty, a fine thing with yellow
sepals and petals, and a broad, rosy crimson, Iris-like lip.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group,
including Odontoglossum grande aureum, with a twin flower at the apex of
the spike, good examples of O. crispum xanthotes, Lambeauianum, Jasper,
and several others, the beautiful Brassocattleya Veitchii var. Queen
Alexandra, B.-c. Maronie, the rare Catasetum Randii, the albino
Dendrobium Phalznopsis Rothschildianum, four well-grown Odontioda
Goodsoniz, O. Constance (Odm. Clytie xX Oda. Bradshawiz), most like
the former, Calanthe Veitchii, Lzeliocattleya Serbia (L.-c. St.-Gothard X
€. Enid), good examples of L.-c. Thyone and Colmaniana, Cattleya
Dusseldorfii Undine, iridescens, and Fabia, Cypripedium Sanacteus, and
other good things (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, the special
feature of which was a series of the showy Cattleya Mantinii and various
other Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, C. Acis (Maronii X Dowiana aurea)
being very attractive, and L.-c. Balmoral (C. Hardyana X L.-c. bella), a
fine thing most like the former but with a more open lip. We also noted
an example of Odontonia brugensis with a branched spike, Odontoglossum
Thisbe (elegans X crispum), Bulbophyllum — hirtum, Cirrhopetalum
refractrum and appendiculatum, Mystacidium distichum, Ccelogyne
brunnea, Cypripedium Gloria (Gaston Bultel Xx Priam) and other
interesting things (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a small group, including four
good plants of Phalznopsis Esmeralda, Cattleya Naidia (Sybil x Iris),
Moira, Adula, and Dusseldorfii Undine, good examples of Brassocattleya
Maronie, Lzliocattleya luminosa, Odontioda Zephyr, Cypripedium A. de
Lairesse, and a promising hybrid from C. Bryan X callosum, with well
spotted petals (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a good group,
including forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana and var. alba, C. Warscewiczil, ~
Hardyana, Iris, the brilliant Sophrocattleya Doris, Odontoglossum grande,
Vanda Kimballiana, coerulea and the pretty natural hybrid V. Charles-
worthii, Oncidium Forbesii, varicosum and oblongatum, a well-flowered
specimen of Masdevallia Laucheana, several fine plants of Lelia pumila,
and other good things (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a fine example of
Cattleya Peetersii, the chaste Lelia pumila alba, and Coelogyne Mooreana.
340 THE ORCHID REVIEW [ NovEMBER, 1915.
AWARD OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA AJAX VAR. PRIMROSE DAME (Armstrongiz X Dowiana aurea),
—A very beautiful form, having clear primrose yellow sepals and petals, and
the very undulate lip deeper yellow, especially on the disc, with some dark
red lines at the base. The purple of C. Loddigesii is quite eliminated,
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. its
SEEDLING COMMENDATION.
ODONTOGLOssuM VicTory (O. crispum The Baroness xX _ seedling
unrecorded).—A small seedling, bearing its first flower, which is excellent
in shape, having well rounded segments, broadly margined with white, with
the central area or a shade of reddish brown, and the crest of the lip yellow.
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
| CULTURAL COMMENDATION
CatTLEYA BRownil& GaTTON Park var. (Bowringiana x Harrison-
iana).—To Mr. J. Collier, gardener to Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton
Park, Reigate, for a splendidly-grown specimen, with pseudobulbs about
three feet high, and two spikes of thirteen and fourteen rich purple flowers.
At the meeting held on October 26th, there was again a good display of
Orchids, among which autumn-flowering Cattleyas were conspicuous. Six
medals were awarded for groups, besides which one First-class Certificate
and one Award of Merit were given.
Orchid Committee present :—J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.,
Stuart Low, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, P. Ralli, A. McBean, W. Cobb, —
J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, H. J. Alexander, C. H. Curtis, S. W. Flory,
W. Bolton, and Gurney Wilson.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis),
received a Silver Flora Medal for a choice group, including two fine plants
of Leliocattleya luminosa, one with a spike of five flowers, L.-c. Numidia
(C. Empress-Frederick x L.-c. Golden-Oriole), bearing a spike of four
flowers of a bronzy rose shade, with some yellow veining on the lip and two
yellow blotches on the disc, Cattleya Mantinii nobilior, C. labiata alba,
C. 1. Prince of Wales, with a spike of four white flowers, C. Falco
(Dupreana x Dowiana aurea), C. Fabia alba, two good Odontoglossum
crispum, and Brassocattleya Pallas (B.-c. Veitchii x C. Warscewiczii).
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
sent a few choice things, including the charming Dendrobium bigibbum
Lady Colman with two spikes of blush white flowers, three forms of
Cattleya Drapsiana, differing much in colour, C. Alcimeda coerulea, with
the front of the lip slate-blue, C. Beryl (Wendlandiana x Hardyana), and
Leliocattleya Lucasii Gatton Park var.
NovVEMBER, I9I5.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 341
Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper (gr. Mr. Salter), sent a plant
of Cattleya Fabia Vigeriana, bearing two large flowers of the deepest purple
with some yellow veining on the lip.
Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford (Orchid grower Mr. Swindon) sent
Leliocattleya Anzac (Clive x bletchleyensis), bearing two rosy flowers of
good shape with a darker lip.
H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. F. W. Thurgood), sent
Brassocattleya William-Pitt, with large rosy flowers.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), showed
Sophrocatlelia ashteadensis (S.-c. pumeximia X C. Bowringiana), bearing
a considerable resemblance to a dwarf Cattleya Mantinii.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent a bright scarlet form of Sophrocattleya Blackii.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group of
well-grown plants, including Lezliocattleya Salonika (L.-c. Fascinator X
C. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt) bearing three beautiful white
flowers witha zone of deep purple on the front of the lip and some yellow
in the throat, L.-c. Thyone and Colmaniana, Cattleya Basil, C. Fabia and
var. alba, a beautiful example of Oncidioda Penelope with a fine panicle of
flowers, Odontoglossum Thwaitesii (Rossii X Harryanum), O. eximium, O.
crispum xanthotes, and a fine blotched form bearing two spikes, Brasso-
cattleya heatonensis, Trichopilia Gouldii, Odontioda Euterpe, and others
{Silver Flora Medal). | :
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a group of choice things,
including good examples of Cattleya Fabia and var. alba, C. iridescens,
Sylvia, Beatrice, Hardyana, Naidia and Peetersiana, Lzliocattleya Ophir and
luminosa, Sophrocattleya Cleopatra, Brassocattleya Maroniz, Cypripedium
insigne Sanderz, and a few others (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a fine group, including
examples of Vanda ccerulea, Sophrocattleya Doris, Leliocattleya Black
Prince, Cattleya Fabia, Boadicea, C. Peetersii perfecta, an inflorescence of
the remakable Eria barbata, and some fine plants of Oncidium varicosum at
the back (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
Some fine forms of Cattleya Fabia, Cymbidium Schlegelii and Doris,
brilliant forms of Odontioda Diana and Lambeauiana, Odontoglossum Ruby
var. Anita, and other good things (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, the feature of
which was a number of Cattleya Fabia, Mantinii, and a few other hybrids.
We noted also Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, a well-flowered Cirrhopetalum
mundulum, C. appendiculatum, Maxillaria cucullata, Coelogyne ochracea
and brunnea, Eria floribunda, and other good things (Silver Flora Medal).
342 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoveMpeRr, 1g15.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, showed Cattleya
Peetersii, Lzliocattleya Soulange (L.-c. Lustre x C. Dowiana aurea), two
good forms of L.-c. luminosa, and Odontoglossum armainvillierense.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
CaTTLEYA LUEGE# FowLer’s VAR. (Dowiana aurea xX Enid).—A
brilliant variety, bearing a spike of four large and richly-coloured flowers,
recalling much C. Hardyana. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
AWARD OF MERIT.
CATTLEYA MOIRA VAR. RUBRA (Fabia X Mantinii).—A handsome thing,
most resembling C. Mantinii in shape, but darker in colour, the sepals and
petals deep rose-purple and the lip crimson purple, with some yellow veining
in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on October 7th
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs. J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. Re
Handley, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, L. Sander, W. Shackleton,
S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
A Gold Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr.
C. Branch), for a magnificent group, consisting largely of well-grown
Cattleyas and Cypripediums, among the latter being a fine series of C.
Maudie, with Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, and a fine collection of
Dendrobium Phalznopsis.
A Large Silver Medal was given to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
gr. Mr. W. Gilden), for a fine miscellaneous group, in which some
beautiful Odontoglossums, Cattleyas and allies were conspicuous.
Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr.
J. W. Fletcher) ; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton) ;
J. J. Bolton, Esq, Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law), and Messrs. Sander & Sons,
St. Albans, for good groups, in which autumn-flowering Cattleyas were
well represented.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gt
Mr. E. Rogers) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. W. W. Field) ;
J. Hartley, Esq., Morley; Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr.
Mr. E. Marshall); Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; Messrs-
Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, and Messrs. Charlesworth & Co-
Haywards Heath, several of which appear in the award list.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Odontioda Charlesworthii Marlfield var., a large flower, intensely deeP
in colour, from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Cattleya Fabia var. Rossendale, a fine flower, from R. Ashworth, Esq-
NoveMBER, 1915,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343
Cattleya Peetersii alba West Point var. (labiata alba and Hardyana
alba), flowers of good. form, with white sepals and petals, and the lip
brilliantly marked, from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Cattleya amabilis alba The Knowle var. (C. Warscewiczii Frau M.
Beyrodt x labiata alba), flowers of excellent form and substance, with pure
white sepals and petals, and the lip nicely marked, from J. Hartley, Esq.
Cattleya Peetersii Lee’s var. (Hardyana xX labiata), flowers very large,
of good form and even colour, from W. R. Lee, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cattleya Britannia var. Melaine (L.-c. Canhamiana alba X C.
Warscewiczii Frau M. Beyrodt): Leliocattleya Minnie de Larringa
(C. Fabia x L.-c. Bola); Odontoglossum eximium album Marlfield var.,
from Mrs. le Doux.
Cattleya Ariel West Point var. (Dusseldorfii X fulvescens) ; Cattleya
Venus West Point var. (Iris X Dowiana aurea), from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Janua, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium Hildalgle (ciliolare x Goweri x bingleyense), from the
Rev. ]. Crombleholme.
Odontoglossum J. J. Bolton (crispum X amabile), from J. J. Bolton, Esq.
Cattleya Ajax Orchidhurst var. (Armstrongia X Dowiana aurea), from
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
At the meeting held on Thursday, October 21st, the members of
Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster,
A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W.
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby and H. Arthur
(Sec.).
Large Silver Medals were given to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch
(gr. Mr. W. Gilden), and Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J.
Lupton), for fine groups of autumn-flowering Orchids, in which Cattleyas
and allies were particularly well represented, with Odontoglossums and a
few other well-grown things. _
Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby; Messrs.
Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for
fine general groups.
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), staged a fine batch of
over twenty plants of Cypripedium Fairrieanum, carrying up to seven flowers
on a plant, some twin flowers (a Cultural Certificate being awarded to the
gardener), with Cattleyas Sylvia, Fabia alba, and armainvillierensis.
A Bronze Medal was given to Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford,
for a small group.
344 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, IgI5.
Interesting exhibits were also sent by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range
(gr. Mr. W. W. Field); H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill (gr. Mr. W. J.
Morgan), and Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, several of which
received certificates, as shown in the following list :—
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Son, Bradford, were awarded a Bronze, Medal
for a group.
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Odontoglossum percultum var. Mde. R. le Doux, a fine ane with
heavily marked flowers, from Mrs. R. le Doux.
Cattleya Fabia var. Samuel Gratrix (labiata * Dowiana aurea), with
very large flowers, of good solid colour, and a well-shaped spreading lip,
from S. Gratrix, Esq.
Cattleya labiata var. R. Ashworth, a large Wwell-set white flower, with
orange lines in the throat, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Gatteys Lady Veitch var. Mrs. S, Gratrix, and Odantosioagad
Victory var. Gratrixiz (crispum Baronness xX Unknown), both from
‘S. Gratrix, Esq. 3
Lzliocattleya Mrs. Geoffrey Tate (Orion X Golden Oriole), from Mrs.
R. le Doux. |
Cattleya labiata Lowie, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Sophrocattleya November (S. grandiflora x C. Portia magnifica), fron
eee J. & A. McBean.
AWARD OF APPRECIATION.
Odontioda leopardina (O. beechense xX Odm. Vaylstekei), from R. Ash-
worth, Esq.
FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for plants of Cypripedium
Fairrieanum.
——+>0<-
ANGRAECUM BIRRIMENSE,— This interesting Angrzcum has now flowered
at Kew, the plant having been sent from the Birrim district, on the Gold
Coast, by Mr. A. G. Miles, together with the dried specimen from which the
species was described (Rolfe in Kew Bull., 1914, p. 214). It is an ally of
A. Eichlerianum, Kranzl., being very similar in habit, but has shorter
leaves, and the flowers are well distinguished by the less dilated lip, and the
straighter spur. The stem is somewhat elongated and climbing, and bears ©
numerous obliquely oblong, somewhat bilobed leaves, and shortly-pedicelled,
solitary flowers, with light green lanceolate sepals and petals, and a white
lip, with a light yellow tinge on the disc. The allied A. Eichlerianum,
Kranzl., was figured at page 120 of our twenty-first volume.
NovEMBER, 1£915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345
CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA ALBA. |
A we have given at page 329 a figure of the chaste and _ beautiful
Cattleya Lady-Veitch, it may be interesting to add that of one of the
distinguished parents, Cattleya Lueddemanniana alba, for comparison. The
Fig. 43. CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA ALBA.
different shape of the petals, and particularly of the lip, will be at once
noticed, a feature of this species being the relatively narrow and el mngated
tube. In fact, the li ip bears a smaller proportion to the rest of
than in many others of the labiata group. The colour may be dé
delicate semi- transparent white, with a light yellow disc to the lip.
plant from which the photograph was taken was received from Venezuela
f the flower
The
346 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, Ig15.
by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., early in 1907, but the variety was known
much earlier, having received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in
September, 1892. Its history was given at page 326 of our sixth volume
(where, by a typographical error, the date 1892 is given as 1822). It is one
of the rarest and most beautiful of albino Cattleyas.
es
a
HE confusion of the Bornean Cypripedium Sanderianum with the above
artificial hybrid has been alluded to on page 326, and it may be
interesting to give the history of the latter, for it has been the subject of a
good deal of uncertainty. It was originally described by Reichenbach in
1886 (Gard. Chron., 1886, ii. p. 654). The author then remarked :—
** When I was at Mr. Lee’s, in the most agreeable company of Mr. Day,
we saw a splendid Cypripedium of unknown parentage obtained from Mr.
W. Bull. It was indeed the first flower. The peduncle was not long, the
bract not well developed, yet the plant looked as if in very good spirits,
and no doubt it will prove to be an uncommon beauty. The one parent
was probably C. Schlimii, or C. Sedeni, but the other one.’ He was
apparently unable to offer any suggestion, but, after describing it, he added:
“This may one day be a favourite with Orchidists provided more specimens
appear. I look forward to its improvement in future. I feel very pleased
that it should be associated with the name of our lamented friend, a
wonderful man in his ardent love of nature and its treasures.”
Nearly two years later another note appeared as follows: “A GOoD
INVESTMENT.—We learn that Mr. William Bull, of King’s Road, Chelsea,
has just purchased from the Leatherhead collection the rare Cypripedium
Saundersianum for £300. It is interesting to note this at a time when
there is a depression in many other things, for we hear this very plant was
purchased by the recent owner in the autumn of 1883 for 50 guineas. "—
Gard. Chron., 1888, i. p. 113.
Definite evidence of the parentage was given in Mr. Bull’s Catalogue for
1888 (p. 8), where it is said to be a hybrid between C. caudatum and C.
Schlimii, and the history was more fully given by Mr. Lewis Castle in the
Journal of Horticulture (1888, i. p. 80). This account is here summarised :—
‘The Cypripedium, which was noted last week as having been purchased
by Mr. W. Bull for £300, was inadvertently given as C. Sanderianum, but
it should have been given as C. Saundersianum, a quite distinct and
remarkable hybrid. It is, however, so scarce and so little known that it
deserves a special descriptive and historical note. I have been favoured
CYPRIPEDIUM SAUNDERSIANUM.
NovEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347
with most of the particulars by Mr. R. H. Measures, Mr. F. G. Tautz, and
Mr. W. Bull, who are, I understand, the only possessors of this Cypripedium
in England.” . . . Mr. R. H. Measures has kindly favoured me with
the following note: ‘‘ Referring to our conversation at Protheroe’s re
Cypripedium Saundersianum, I find it was actually raised by Mr. Marshall of
Enfield. Its parents are Schlimii and caudatum. From the habit of the
plant I should think Schlimii is the seed parent. The plant is what we
call a difficult one to grow. When Mr. Marshall’s collection was sold the
seedling went into the possession of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
was at South Kensington some time between 1866 and 1869. When the
Royal Horticultural Society’s collection was sold the plant was lost sight of
by me, but I believe it passed into the hands of Mr. Saunders. .. . From
Mr. Saunders I believe it went into Mr. Bull’s nursery, whence it passed
into Mr. Lee’s possession and there flowered, a flower being sent to
Professor Reichenbach, who described and possibly named the plant. At
the commencement of last year, I believe, Mr. Bull bought a portion of the
original plant back from Mr. Lee, and sold one plant to M. Masereel, the
well-known Ghent Orchidist, who sold it at a considerable profit to M.
Jules Hye Leysen, who divided the plant, keeping one portion himself, the
other portion coming in exchange for another rare Cypripedium to me.
One other portion of the original plant went to Mr. Tautz’s well-known
collection, the price paid indicating the estimation in which Mr. Bull and
Mr. Tautz held it.”
Respecting the colour it is remarked: ‘‘ According to the descriptions
given by those who have seen the flowers, it must be one of the hand-
somest yet obtained. The general character is said to be a fine mauve
purple, the dorsal sepal white with green and purple stripes, and the petals
broad and spotted with purple on a white ground.”
It would be interesting, to know what has become of this remarkable
plant. A single flower was sent to Kew by Mr. W. Bull, in November,
1891, and has been carefully preserved, this being the only flower we
remember to have seen, and it is certainly very striking, in shape and colour.
MAXILLARIA picta.—This interesting old garden plant is blooming
profusely at Kew, and it is interesting to note that the flowers possess a
strong aromatic fragrance. The species was introduced to cultivation
upwards of eighty years ago, having been sent from the Organ Mountains,
Brazil, by Mr. William Harrison, in 1831. Soon afterwards it flowered in
the collection of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, of Liverpool, when it was described
and figured (Bot. Mag., t. 3154). The sepals and petals are yellow in front,
but paler behind, with some purple blotches, while the side lobes of the lip
are marked with dark purple, and the column of the latter colour.
348 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovVEMBER, 1915.
ees OBITUARY. Fer]
F. BALL.—It is with the deepest regret that we learn that Mr. C. F.
« Ball, Assistant Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, and
Editor of Irish Gardening, has been killed in the Dardanelles, having been
struck by a fragment of a shell on September 13th, when enjoying a short
respite after being in the thick of the fighting, and so seriously wounded
that he died the same day. Born at Loughborough on October 13th, 1879,
he commenced his gardening career with Messrs. Barron & Sons, at
Elvaston, Derby, and after spending a year with Messrs. Barr & Sons, at
Long Ditton, he entered Kew in July, 1900, and was promoted to be sub-
foreman of the herbaceous and alpine departments in 1902. In December,
1906, he went to Glasnevin, and was appointed Assistant Keeper in June,
1907, a post he has filled with distinction. Soon after the outbreak of war
he obeyed the call of duty and joined the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, and now
the horticultural world has to deplore the loss of one of its most promising
members. Ball was a keen observer of plant life, and on several occasions
went to Switzerland to collect plants and seeds, besides collecting on both
the French and Italian sides of the Maritime Alps. Four years ago he
made a trip to Bulgaria in company with Mr. H. Cowley, and among the
plants brought home were Orchis laxiflora and sambucina, which have
since flowered at Glasnevin. He was also much interested in hybridisation
and the experimental side of horticulture. A portrait of Mr. Ball is given
in The Garden for October 16th, and a full biographical notice by Sir
Frederick W. Moore appears in the current issue of Ivish Gardening, from
an advance copy of which we have taken some of the above details. A
pathetic circumstance is that he was married only a few months ago, and
to his widow the deepest sympathy is extended. by a wide circle of friends.
Dr. J. MEDLEY Woop.—This veteran South African botanist passed
away on August 26th last, in his eighty-seventh year. A native of Mans-
field, Notts, and thus a fellow countryman of the late Dr. Bolus, Dr. Wood
emigrated to Natal about sixty-three years ago, and while engaged in
farming and other pursuits was greatly attracted by the rich local flora. In
February, 1882, he was appointed Curator of the Natal Botanic Garden,
where he established a large Herbarium, in which the Orchids of the
Colony were finely represented, and from which valuable contributions
were made to Kew from time to time. His official work was largely
connected with the economic plants of the Colony, and his six illustrated
volumes of Natal Plants will form an enduring memorial of his work. The
Orchid genera Satyrium, Eulophia, Disperis, and Brownleea all contain a
species Woodii, named in his honour.
NovEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349
HE Brassocatlelias. now form a considerable group, and it is interesting
to recall the fact that the earliest of them appeared just eighteen
years ago. It was raised in the collection of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. W. H. White), and received an Award of
Merit from the R.H.S. in December, 1897. It was then remarked (Gard.
Chron., 1897, ii. p. 438) that among the exhibits that were remarkable was
‘ Brasso-Catt-Lzelia x Lindleyana-elegans (Brasso-Cattleya x Lindleyana
xX Lelio-Cattleya x elegans, a hybrid that forms an idea of the complica-
tion in form of flower and leaf, &c., likely soon to arise. It bore an
inflorescence of. pretty flowers, with blush-white sepals and petals and dark
purple labellum.” In our own report, and in a subsequent note, the
generic name was simplified to Brassocatlelia (O.R., 1898, pp. 30, 46), in
accordance with the rule for compounding such generic names, and some-
what later it become Brassocatlelia Lawrencei (0.R., x. p. 86), under the
rule that specific names should consist of a single word. Later innovations
have changed the generic name, successively, into Brasso-Lelio-Cattleya,
Lelio-Brasso-Cattleya, and Brasso-Cattleya-Lzlia, which, however, have
neither priority, rule, nor brevity to recommend them, and may be passed
over.
When the Orchid Stud-Book was published the number of Brasso-
catlelias had grown to ten, and the number has now greatly increased, so
that an enumeration of the additions will be interesting. It will be noticed
that the hybrids Brassavola X Lzliocattleya, Cattleya x Brassolelia, and
Lelia x Brassocattleya come under the same name.
Bei. ALBATROSS (BI. Veitchii x C. Mossiz), O.R., 1914, P- 216.—Flory
& Black. June, ror4.
Bc. ARIEL (Bc. Leemanie x L. purpurata), O.R., 1914, P- 58.—
Flory & Black. Jan. 1914.
Bet. AstartTe (B. Digbyana X Lc. Martinetii), O.R., 1912, Pp. 340.
Sander & Sons. Oct. 1912.
BcL. BEARDWOODIENSIS (B. Digbyana X Lc. Violetta), O.R., Ig12, p-
220.—Col. J. Rutherford. May, 1912.
Bex. Braucis (Bc. Leemanie xX Lc. Fournieri), O.R., 1913, P- 87.—
Ch. Maron. Oct. rg1r.
Bc. Cookson (BI. Gratrixie X C. Dowiana), O.R., 1909,
N.C. Cookson. Feb. 1909.
Bei. DieTRICHIANA (Bc. Leemania x C. Fabia), 0.R., 1910, P- 209-—~
Ch. Maron. March, IgIo. Z
Le. Dietrichiana, Trib. Hort., 1910, p- 194, t- 20I.
THE BRASSOCATLALIAS.
p. 82)
350 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, I915.
Bei. ELATIOR (Bc. Veitchii x Lc. Hippolyta), O.R., rgo1, p. 148.—
James Veitch & Sons. April, 1909.
Bcl. Pink Beauty, O.R., 1910, p. 178.—James Veitch & Sons. May, rgro.
Bev. FRaGneana (BI. Gratrixie xX C. Triane), O.R., IgII, pp. 45, 4.
—«J..Ginot. Jan. Igtt. agl
Be. Guaptus (C. bicolor x BI. Veitchii), O.R., 1914, p. 363 (Gladys).
—E. Whiteway. Nov. 1914. |
Ber. Hyvas (Bl. Veitchii x C. Aclandiz), O.R., 1914, p. 186.—Flory
& Black. May, 1914. ;
Be. Joan (Bl. Gratrixie x C. Octave-Doin), O.R., 1914), p. 86).—
Charlesworth & Co. Feb. 1914.
Bc. Kinc-EMPEROR (Bc. Veitchii x Le. Dominiana), O.R., IgIt, p.
179.—F. Wellesley: May, rorr.
Brasso-Lelio-Cattleya Prince of Wales, G.C., Ig14, i. p. 355.—Arm-
strong & Brown.. May, 1g14.
Bei. LEEANA (Be. heatonensis x Lc. Hyeana), O.R., 1912, p. 126.—J.
Cypher & Sons. Feb. rg12.
Bet. Morna (Bc. Maroniw x Le. bletchleyensis), O.R., 1912, p. 317.—
James Veitch & Sons. Sept. 1912.
Bev. Nota (B. nodosa x Lc. callistoglossa), O.R., 1914, p. 309.—J. & A.
McBean. Sept. 1914.
BcL. SuRpPRISE (C. bicolor x BI. Veitchii), O.R., 1910, p. 18.—G.: P.
Walker. Nov. 1909.
Bc. THompsoni (BI. Veitchii X C. Gaskelliana), O.R., 1911, p. 307-
—Charlesworth & Co. Sept. grt.
Bet. WInIFRED (BI. Gratrixie x Lc. Myra), C.R., 1910, p. 86.—
Charlesworth & Co. Feb. IgIo.
Ber. Wotan (Bc. Leemanie x Lc. callistoglossa), O.R., 1912, p. 62.—
J. Leeman. Dec. rg12.
ERUELT see Se
ORCHID SEEDLINGS.— When growing wild it is evident that the contents
of the mature capsules after dehiscence are more or less scattered by the
wind, perhaps wafted to great distances, until they settle on the branches of
trees, on shelving rocks, or other suitable substrata where the seeds can
germinate and the seedlings firmly affix themselves. Following, or at least
believing that we were following Nature, so far as the altered circumstances
of artificial cultivation allowed, every method or available means that could
be thought of was brought into request to secure the germination of the
seed. It was sown upon blocks of wood, pieces of tree-fern stems, strips ot
cork, upon the moss that surfaced the pots of the growing plants, in fact,
in any situation which seemed to promise favourable results.— Veitch, Man.
Orch. Pl.
NoveMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 351
Re ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS.
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during
November, on the oth and 23rd, when the Orchid Committee will meet at
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
Meetings of the Manchester & North of England Orchid Society will
be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November 4th and 18th.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the
inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m. The following
meeting is fixed for December 2nd.
Mr. Herbert Cowley has been appointed Editor of The Garden in place
of the late Mr. F. W. Harvey. Mr. Cowley has been Assistant Editor for
five years, and at the outbreak of war joined the County of London
Regiment, and has seen some months of active service. Some time ago he
returned wounded, but has happily recovered, though a stiff leg will prevent
his return to the front. Mr. Cowley was previously associated with the
Royal Gardens at Windsor and Kew, and four years ago made a collecting
trip to Bulgaria and the Rhodope Alps, in company with Mr. C. F. Ball,
whose loss we have now to deplore. We congratulate Mr. Cowley, and
wish him success in his new career.
AMERICAN NoTEs.—The three following notes are culled from a copy
of Horticulture that has just reached us, and constitute the only information
about Orchids in the States :—
West Orance, N.J.—The Manda Floral Co. (Joseph Manda) had a
public exhibition of Orchids last week which attracted a throng of visitors.
Cattleya labiata made a fine display, and, under Mr. Manda’s skilful
Manipulation, will so continue until Christmas. Cattleyas in general
seemed to find an ideal home here, as do also the Vanda ccerulea and
Cypripedium insigne Sandere. Of the last-named, Mr. Manda has
tooo plants. Among the novelties here are a yellow Miltonia candida,
Brassocattleya Leemaniz and an attractive sport from Swainsona with
Owers of Cattleya pink colour.
San Francisco.—A special showing of Orchids in handsome basket
arrangements attracted much attention in the window of Joseph's shop on
Grant Avenue the past week. :
Cuitcaco.—Charles McKeller has this week big yellow pumpkins, lined
Up on one counter, rather drolly contrasting with the Orchid display case
just Opposite. Some florists are using them for flower baskets to make
unusual window attractions. :
352 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, 1915.
HELP FOR THE RED Cross Funp.—We note with pleasure that Mr. F.
Ducane Godman, South Lodge, Horsham, is offering for sale a selection of
Orchids from his collection, to be sold for the benefit of the Red Cross
Fund. The list, which we saw at the last meeting of the R.H.S., contains
a large number of showy things. Particulars may be obtained of Mr.
Savegar, gardener to Mr. Godman at the address given.
We learn with deep regret that Mr. James Hudson, gardener to ao
de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton, has lost his wife, on
October 21st, after a month’s illness.
CymBIpDIUM MASTERSII ALBUM.—A fine plant of this chaste and beautiful
variety is now in bloom at Kew, bearing five racemes of white flowers, with
a little yellow on the disc. It contrasts well with the typical form, which
is more or less blotched with purple on the lip.
AUTUMN-BLOOMING CATTLELAS are now making a fine show in our
collections, and it is interesting to note how largely they are derivatives. of
C. labiata, Bowringiana and Dowiana, or combinations between them and
others that bloom at or near the same period. The re-introduction of the
fine old C. labiata in quantity over twenty years ago made a revolution in
our collections, and supplied materials to the hybridists to work upon, and
its derivatives C. Fabia and C. Mantinii are among the most brilliant of
those now in bloom.
CyYPRIPEDIUMS.—The winter-blooming Cypripediums are now beginning
to make their annual display, and will continue to do so till long after
Christmas. They range themselves largely round the useful C. insigne,
probably the easiest and most universally grown Orchid in cultivation. We
recently received a complaint that Cypripediums were going out of fashion,
but we see little evidence of it so far as the winter-blooming kinds are
concerned.
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. . B
: BEGINNER.—The seeds of Cypripediams should be sown on the surface of the ade
of growing plants that will not be disturbed for at least a year. Part of the seed may
sown now and the rest in the spring, The oy ine et is to keep the compost moist
and await the appearance of the young seedlin
G.H.—Rodriguezia secunda, H.B.K.
eon received, with thanks.—F.
die B. e€ communication has been duly forwarded.
okt Tae ee ri has been applied to more than one eg
ndley’s original plant se oa
eG eee arose through some fiat ke. : ie ee ne
ae tna x . Will
coninnicate tee » Bann € several enquiries, but we regret to say without result. I
G.N.—The diversity in the offs
pring is the result of mixed parentage. There is 10
means of controlling the result. You can onl bis
Received, with thanks —R.V, S., Sir 1c, § aaa ye gated ciscarc the ees
HR
cS , 4,
is The Orch Review §
coe III. DECEMBER, 1915. No. 276. £0)
ee Bar|
[oo |
OVELTIES worthy of Certificate among imported Orchids seem to
have almost reached the vanishing point at our horticultural meetings
and it was a welcome surprise to see a fine new Vanda gaining an Award a
Merit at the R.H.S. meeting held on November gth. A few years ago
before the advent of so many hybrids of sterling merit, it would Dal
gained a First-class Certificate. Wanda luzonica is a Philippine species
and was discovered and sent out by M. Loher a few years ago, though ‘is
ee appears to have been published at the time. Its history and a
abate were given at page 137 of our issue for May last, the latter
o. plant which flowered in the collection of Mr. Hugh Dixon, of
a i over a year ago. Then it was exhibited at the Panama Exhibition
. . and now it has bloomed with Messrs. Sander & Sons, and at
ES , a ee being a plant obtained from Messrs. Karthaus in 1911. In
. : ant resembles the well-known V. tricolor, but the flowers are
a o . a violet-purple lip, and some markings of similar colour at the
act sit sepals, these, however, being very small in Messrs. Sander’s
ae a Is plant, by the way was not fully developed, the number of
eing six, only about half as many as in the figure cited, which was
Teproduced from a photograph.
OUR NOTE BOOK
ought together a choice display
eresting to recall that but for
1 Show on this date, on the
The proposal was under
The meeting held on November gth br
ae Poominis Orchids, and it is int
rm ar we should probably have had a specia
ws of the one held in November, 1912.
age when the outbreak of war postponed the matter indefinitely.
vay en everything has been out of course, and the ordinary meetings
a never ie regained their normal character, though the steady
og ay of meritorious hybrids has scarcely experienced a check, which
ae : taken asia happy augury for the future, when things return to their
al condition. But that time is not yet.
353
354 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1915.
At the following meeting Cypripediums were more in evidence, and
carried off three of the six certificates awarded, these being from a select
group of splendidly-grown plants, staged by an amateur, which also gained
a Silver Flora Medal. They were placed, unfortunately, behind the Grille,
and consequently did not appear to the best advantage, especially as the
light was rather bad. One of the trade groups also, with a single exception,
consisted of choice Cypripediums. These details are mentioned, because
we have received more than one complaint that Cypripediums are not
appreciated by the R.H.S. Orchid Committee—in fact, it has been seriously
suggested that the R.H.S. should appoint a small sub-Committee of the
cognoscentt to adjudicate upon the Cypripediums exhibited.
There may be something in the suggestion that Cypripediums are rather
out of fashion just now, but we believe that their value as winter-blooming
plants is fully recognised, and at all events they are very generally
cultivated. There are two or three reasons for an apparent want of
popularity. Few of the species are brilliant in colour, and the extreme
facility with which hybrids can be raised has led to the production of a
host of seedlings, many of which can hardly be called improvements. And
after a rigid selection has been made, they are not always shown under the
best conditions, for they do not, as a rule, blend well with other Orchids,
yet a number of plants staged separately, each bearing a single flower, and
all facing the same way, as we sometimes see them, have a very formal
appearance. This objection is largely got over when the plants are large
enough to bear several flowers, and then only can their decorative value be
fully appreciated. ~
What is now wanted is an increase in the range of colour, especially in
the direction of rose and purple, and this is gradually being effected, partly
through the use of the very distinct C. Charlesworthii and partly by
continued crossing with the brightly-coloured species of the tessellated-
leaved group and their derivates. The range of whites and yellows is also
being extended, through C. insigne Sandere and C. niveum, which when
united gave the beautiful C. Venus var. Boltonii, a sterling acquisition that
should be followed up. There is plenty of room for improvement, and the
opportunities are not being lost.
A reply to a correspondent at page 324 on a question of nomenclature
has brought us further communications on the subject. It is pointed out
that, with a few regrettable exceptions, there is a general agreement as 2
the necessity of adopting the rules that have been adopted by international
agrement, which in their original form were drawn up to remedy a condition
—
Deceuscr, 1915] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 355
of things that was becoming intolerable. They have been the subject ot
careful consideration, and the view is expressed that in their modified form
they are adequate to meet the case, and should be loyally followed, for
their neglect will only pile up another mass of confusion that will be
increasingly difficult to remedy as time goes on.
Some of the discrepancies, it is remarked, are difficult to understand,
and one of them is the want of uniformity in writing the names of generic
hybrids, for example Leeliocattleya and Lelio-Cattleya. Some writers
persistently use the latter form for all such names, yet it is not in accordance
with the rules. Brassocatlelia and Brasso-Lzlio-Cattleya form a much
worse example, as may be seen from a remark on page 349, and a similar
remark applies to Sophrocatlelia and Sophro-Lelio-Cattleya, for these two
cases are expressly provided for in the rules. The R.H.S. Journal, we note
with satisfaction, has of late dropped the use of the hyphen, and we hope
soon to see the rule adopted in its entirety. There are cases where the use’
of the hyphen seems necessary, but it does not apply to the names of
generic hybrids compounded from the names, or parts of the names, of the
two parent genera. The correction should be easy to make, because
Messrs. Charlesworth have always adopted the correct form of the names
in their Catalogues, and they are so given by Curtis in Orchids for Every-
one. And at the last R.H.S. meeting a label was attached to a plant of
Sophrocatlelia Niobe stating that it had already received an Award
of Merit, which is quite correct, though the name does not appear in
form in the List of R.H.S. Awards.
that
glia Lawrencei,
d Leliocattleya
seems to have
It is rather curious that the specific name of Brassocatl
for the natural hybrid between Brassocattleya Lindleyana an
elegans, should have been taken exception to. The idea
arisen out of an old Paris rule of indicating a hybrid under the joint names
of the parent species, but this is not possible when the parents are them-
selves hybrids, as in the present case; at all events, a string of four specific
names would be required, and this system of nomenclature has long ago
broken down.
———
me time ago we summarised the
al standpoint (O.R., xxl. PP-
d set of rules for the London
It may be interesting to recall that so
Nomenclature of hybrids from the historic
10I-104), and afterwards drew up a revise
Botanical Congress (l.c., pp. 133-135): - The Congress had to be ae 7
until after the war, but in the meantime the rules themselves, which com ine
the Vienna and Brussels Rules, forma sound working basis, and 3 ea
iterests of an orderly system of nomenclature we appeal for their adoption.
356 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DEcEMBRR, 1915,
ees _ a)
W. ASHTON.—We regre: to hear of the death of an old member ot
@ the Orchid trade, Mr. F. W. Ashton, of 116, Hewitt Road,
Harringay. Mr. Ashton was for some time in the Orchid houses at Kew,
leaving in May, 1885, and after spending atime with Messrs. Hugh Low
& Co., becoming Manager to Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, being
admitted as partner in November, 1904, when the firm became Messrs.
Stanley & Ashton. In March, 1905, Mr. Ashton severed his connection,
and was appointed representative to Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a post
which he retained for five years, after which he commenced business for
himself as a horticultural commission agent. Mr. Ashton has been in
failing health for some time, and the end came a few weeks ago.
eal CIRRHOPETALUM GRACILLIMUM. |
GOOD plant of this dainty little Cirrhopetalum was exhibited by
A Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, at the R.H.S.
meeting held on November gth last, and it has also flowered freely at Kew,
recalling the fact that it received an Award of Merit in July, 1907, when
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. The species was described about
twenty years ago (Rolfe in Kew Bull., 1895, p. 34), though it has been
known since April, 1888, when it flowered in the collection of T. R. Jarvis,
Esq., Laurel Grove, Chelmsford. The habitat was then doubtful, and
Burma was suggested, though it was probably the Malay Peninsula, where
it is now known to occur in several localities. It was afterwards described
as C. psittacoides (Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxii. p. 280), ultimately
becoming Bulbophyllum psittacoides (Ridl. Mater. Fl. Mal. Penins., 1. Pe
80). It now proves to have a wider diffusion, having also been collected in
Borneo, by Dr. G. B. Haviland, and in the Solomon Islands, by Mr. C. M-
Woodford, while, aceording to Mr. J.J. Smith; it also occurs in Amboind
(Orch. Ambon, p. 84). Itisa very graceful little plant, producing slender
scapes about nine inches high, with an umbel of numerous reddish crimson
flowers. The lateral sepals are almost thread-like, and about 14 inches
long, while the petals and dorsal sepal bear numerous long ciliate hairs.
Mr. Ridley published a very interesting note respecting the fertilisation
of the flowers. He remarked: ‘‘ This is a very distinct little species, and,
though the flowers are small, is really pretty. The lateral sepals are so
bent and connate at the base as to form a tube with a circular mouth, over
which hangs the violet lip. Their apices are separate and hang down, and
OBITUARY.
DECEMBER, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357
are very slender and setaceous. The petals are rather long in proportion
and strongly ciliate. The flowers form a perfect circle, and look like a
series of very small parrots’ heads, the lip representing the beak. They are
{as indeed all the Cirrhopetala are) fertilised by a minute Dipteron, which
usually settles upon the long pendent sepals and climbs up them till it
reaches the lip, upon which it sits, and when it has got beyond the balancing
point of the lip is pitched off upon the column, when it receives the pollinia.
I have seen one fly ride on the lips of all the flowers in an umbel in turn,
but as a rule only one or two flowers at most are fertilised.” It is certainly
a very attractive little plant.
—+>0<=-———
LaniIuM BERKELEyI.—Orchids occasionally appear in cultivation quite
unexpectedly, and this was the case with the interesting little Brazilian
species that is the subject of this note. It was described over twenty years
ago (Rolfe, in Kew Bull., 1894, p. 292) from a plant that was found on the
roots of a clump of Cattleya, probably C. Leopoldii (though it was called
C. guttata), by Major-Gen. E. S. Berkeley, Bitterne Park, Southampton.
It flowered in January, 1891. Afterwards Messrs. Sander obtained it
among their Brazilian importations. And now history is repeating itself,
for Mr. E. W. Thompson sends it for name from the collection of Philip
Smith, Esq., Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey, with the information that
it was found on the roots of an imported Lelia purpurata. This would
indicate the habitat as Santa Catherina, where C. Leopoldii and L.
purpurata grow together. Another plant flowered at the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, that was found on the roots of Cattleya Harrisoniana.
It is a graceful little plant, some six or eight inches high, the small pseudo-
bulbs bearing a pair of short, oblong leaves, and erect spikes of small light
green flowers, with a few minute reddish dots.—R.A.R.
Men eos
MILTONIA VEXILLARIA VAR. LEOPOLDII.—Flowers of a very interesting
Seedling of Miltonia vexillaria are sent by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.,
Hayward’s Heath, in which M. vexillaria var. Leopoldii has been used
twice in the crossing. Messrs. Charlesworth write: * In the first place
M. v. Leopoldii was crossed with an ordinary vexillaria, producing what
Vaylsteke called M. v. dulcis, none of which showed any influence of
Leopoldii, for we believe the remark applies to Vuylsteke’s batch as well as
©ur own. This was again crossed with Leopoldii, producing, as you see
avery similar thing to Leopoldii. This is the third seedling of the wt
and all are practically the same.” The remark is quite correct, and the
tesemblance seems to extend also to the autumn-flowering character. The
large, triangular, intense purple blotch at the base of the lip sets the
flowers off to great advantage.
358 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, I915.
v
N January, 1902, page 4, there appeared in the Orchid Review an account
of the Orchids cultivated by Mr. R. W. Rickards, from the pén of Mr.
H. A. Burberry, and, after a lapse of over thirteen years, a few more notes
on the same collection may be interesting, and they will show that the
owner still maintains his love for the fascinating plants to which this
journal is devoted. It was on November 18th last that my visit was made,
and it was not long before I discovered an enthusiast, and one who could
appreciate a good Orchid. I must state at the beginning that Mr. Rickards
is a keen amateur, and one who attends to the potting, watering, &c.,
himself. The collection is a small but choice one, and consists o1
Cypripediums, Odontoglossums, and Cattleyas, the former being in the
majority. Every plant was in the rudest health, and there were several
ORCHIDS: Ade THE. PRIORY, USK:
growths in each pot, while numerous scapes were twin-flowered. The
foliage was hard, and a beautiful tint of green, and the flowers were in
consequence of that fine firm texture that indicates the highest possible
development.
I felt, upon entering the Cypripedium house, and viewing the plants as
a whole, that the cultural conditions were right. A close inspection was
then begun in company with Mr. Rickards, and the following are a few of
the most conspicuous of the 200 blooms that were fully expanded at the
time. Many were characterised by the beautifully spotted dorsal sepals,
some showing a tendency towards red, and others a deep purplish-violet-
The Shrubbery variety of C. elatior had three scapes and four flowers, the
reddish spots being well developed. Other noteworthy plants included C.
The Baron, C. Moonbeam, an exceptionally good plant of this scarce
Cypripedium, with ten strong growths and three stout buds. Another
interesting plant was C. Connie (Fairrieanum x glaucophyllum), and C.
Iona (Faririeanum xX bellatulum), is also a desirable acquisition to this
pretty group. A very fine form of C: Priam was noted with five flowers,
also the Westonbirt variety of C. Lord Wolmer, the white C. Boltonii, and
a grand form of C. Thalia still one of the most brilliantly-coloured of
autumn-blooming Cypripedes.
C. Leeanum Corona had twin-flowered scapes, and a beautiful type of
C. Actaus was characterised by the large area of pure white on the dorsal
sepal. C. St. Alban is distinct so far as colour is concerned, and provided
a pleasing contrast to C. insigne Harefield Hall var. and C. i. Sandere, of
which there were some excellent examples. C. Goliath Lee’s variety is 2
fine bold flower, and C. Queen Alexandra, a charming variety with very
bright spots on the dorsal sepal, had three strong scapes and a number
DuCEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359
of growths. C. Curlew is another good thing, and C. Pyramus var. Garnet
is a gem of the first water. The flower is perfect, and the colour
magnificent. C. Nydia, with three flowers, was also good. C. Satyr
(Beryl X Euryades) and C. Pyramus (Euryades splendens X Mrs. Wm.
Mostyn) were excellent, and among those as yet unnamed were C. G. F.
Moore X Leeanum Clinkaberryanum, and Earl of Tankerville X alportense.
More will be heard of these sterling novelties later on.
The object at The Priory is to secure flowers of the best quality, and to
this end the plants are not divided at every opportunity. In this respect
the collection is unique, as most growers, directly they secure a first-class
variety, endeavour to increase the stock without delay, with the result that
it is some years before the plant can do itself justice again after producing
its first flowers. A high standard of excellence is maintained, as Mr.
Rickards discards a few each year, and adds ‘‘ new blood” from time to
time.
With plants in such a fine condition, I was prompted to inquire about
the treatment given, and I was informed that, in regard to repotting, the
soil employed consisted very largely of good fibrous loam, which formed
the bulk, with a little fibre and leaves added. In such a compost the
plants will go two, and, as a general rule, three, years without further
disturbance, but the watering must be done carefully. Wood lath roller
blinds are used, and the interior of the house is much the same as the usual
Orchid structure, with porous bricks placed in front of the hot-water pipes.
The house and plants presented a smart and clean appearance, and it was
a treat to me to see such a valuable lot of plants, a great number being in
flower. Very few plants had single spikes, each one being more or less a
specimen, which would make several good pieces if it was thought desirable
to divide them. Plants thus grown are always more effective than when
divided.
The Cattleyas and allied genera occupied a smaller house, but here
again the discrimination of the connoisseur was evident. A beautiful form
C. Fabia,
of Cattleya Rhoda was seen, fine varieties of C. Dowiana aurea,
and a well developed C. Luege. Among the Brassocattleyas was B.-c.
Cliftonii, with broad massive sepals and a prettily fringed lip, quite in
Proportion to the other parts of the flower. Lelia anceps, especially such
Varieties as Schroederiana and Sanderiana, will give a display about
Christmas, and Lzliocattleya bella alba was in bloom. Many plants, of
Course, were not in flower, such as Brassocattleya Digbyano-gigas, and
Bc. Leemaniz, the latter being a favourite, and represented by ten healthy
€xamples. Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba, and other choice Cattleyas, are
also grown, and the plants generally were in excellent condition. A few
Oncidiums are grown with the Cattleyas.
360 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1915.
The Odontoglossums and Odontiodas are cultivated in a house with a
north aspect, and although only a few were in flower, the plants were a
nice healthy lot. Firm pseudobulbs and strong growths were the general
THE Priory; Usk;
?
ODONTOGLOSSUM HOUSE. AT
r : st eae . a : i ee * . . -
ule, and these will be worth a visit in the spring, at which period the
lants flower in the greatest profusion.
The atmosphere is not at al] stuffy, fresh air being admitted on all
favourable occasione : eye Sees
le occasions. In the three houses several plants were suspended
DECEMBER, 1915.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361
from the roof, such as Cattleyas and Oncidiums, the whole stock comprising
a choice collection, the appearance of which does Mr. Rickards the greatest
credit.
It was interesting to see a complete bound set of the Orchid Review in
Mr. Rickards’ room, which is in close proximity to the Orchid houses.
T.W.B.
(After the above was in the printers’ hands we had the pleasure of
seeing a selection of the plants, for Mr. Rickards staged a small group at
the R.H.S. meeting held on November 23rd, when-a Silver Flora Medal
was awarded, a testimony both to the quality of the plants and the excellent
culture. Three of the plants also received Awards of Merit from the
Orchid Committee. A report appears on another page.. The Odontoglossums
are grown with equal success, as may be seen by the illustration of the
Odontoglossum house on the preceding page. Mr. Rickards informs us
that the plants were not posed for the camera, but were photographed just
as they were grown. Mr. Rickards must be congratulated on. his success,
which should be an encouragement to other amateurs.—Ed.]
eee VANDA SANDERIANA. Se
(See Frontispiece.)
HE Frontispiece to the present volume represents a magnificent
specimen of Vanda Sanderiana,- which was exhibited by Messrs.
Sander & Sons, St. Albans, at the R.H.S. meeting held on September 28th
last, and to which the Lindley Medal was awarded in recognition of its
excellent culture. It has been grown from a dwarf piece imported several
years ago, and is now a sturdy specimen with four growths. When
exhibited, the plant ‘bore six strong spikes and an aggregate of 42 flowers,
while a seventh spike was pushing up. The species is by no means easy to
&tow, and our readers may remember the graphic account given at page
15 by the late Mr. J. C. Harvey of his struggles with it in South Mexico.
Probably the treatment was not correct in some essential particular, though
an attempt was made to reproduce the conditions under which it is said to
occur in Mindanao, and the remarkable thing is that Aérides Lawrencee,
said to grow in company with the Vanda, behaved quite normally.
Phaleenopsis Sanderiana is also said to grow in the same ga a The
locality is described as South-east Mindanao, the principal station being
tecorded as Davao, where it grows on trees that overhang the beach, and
where the long trailing roots are often within reach of the salt spray. The
Species was discovered and introduced in 1882 by M. Roebelen, a collector
for Messrs. Sander, and flowered for the first time in this country in the
Summer of 1883, in the collection of Mr. W. Lee, of Leatherhead.
THE ORCHID ‘REVIEW. [DECEMBER, I915.
By W. H. WHITE, for many years Orchid Grower to the
late Sir ‘'revor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O.
362
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. i
ALANTHES.—Among plants now in bloom are the early-flowering
C varieties of the Calanthe vestita section. When about two-
thirds of the blooms have opened, the plants may be removed from their
warm growing quarters to the Cattleya house, as the flowers will fade
less quickly in a lower temperature. The plants will now need but very
little water, as both foliage and roots are fast giving out. As these
Calanthes require a period of thorough rest, they should, immediately on
the spikes being cut, be placed on a dry shelf close to the roof of the
warmest house ; or if this be inconvenient, they may be placed in a similar
position in the Cattleya house, where, in either case, the light will help to
mature the growths. Before removing them to their resting quarters,
closely examine every pseudobulb for white and brown scale, which
commonly infest them. If a rather strong solution of soft soapy warm
water be used, with a stiff brush and sponge, these insects may easily be
eradicated. Water must be entirely withheld during their season of rest.
The later-flowering varieties of the Calanthe Regnieri section are pushing
up their spikes, and must still be watered with care. The inflorescences of
these late varieties come in very useful during the early spring months for
furnishing cut bloom for decorative purposes, and the plants themselves
are well adapted for ground work in large halls, or the conservatory,
producing a very pretty effect when arranged with Ferns, Asparagus,
small Palms, &c. The deciduous Eulophias require similar treatment.
DENDROBIUMS.—Many lovely forms of Dendrobium Phalznopsis are
also in bloom and are very effective, the colours of the flowers ranging from
pure white to rich crimson purple. Their long arching spikes last
fora very long time, either on the plants or when cut. While in
bloom the plants may be placed with the Calanthes, the drier atmosphere
afforded favouring the lasting of the flowers. After the spikes are cut,
place the plants in the lightest part of a house where the winter
temperature does not fall below 60°. Plants that were well exposed to the
sun’s rays when completing their growth, and were well matured, will need
very little water during their long season of rest, but when excessive
shrivelling of the pseudobulbs is feared a little water should be afforded.
It is now advisable to look over the deciduous Dendrobiums, especially
D. Wardianum, D. crassinode, nobile, Ainsworthii, and other species and
hybrids too numerous to mention, for many are showing their flower
buds, and they may be brought from their resting positions into a house
where the night temperature does not fall below 55°: The Cattleya house
DECEMBER, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363
will be warm enough for the present, and until the buds are fully developed,
when removal to the lightest position available in the East Indian house
will be a suitable change, and will assist further to open the blooms. After
removal from the resting-house, water must be applied at comparatively
long intervals, as any undue excitement while the flower buds are developing
frequently causes the new growths, now visible at the base of the pseudo-
bulbs, to break away, and prevents the flower buds from coming to perfection.
These remarks apply particularly to D. Falconeri, D. Wardianum, and
their hybrids, plants of which have for some time been resting in a
‘temperature of about 50°, or a little less at night. These for several
weeks past have shown flower buds at the extreme end of the pseudobulbs,
and if the plants had been put into extra warmth earlier, these buds would
not have developed properly or would have gone off prematurely.
Where many plants of D. nobile are grown, flowers may be obtained
during several months by placing the earliest in a cool dry house to rest,
and, as soon as the growths are fully matured, bring them into gentle
warmth as flowers are required. There are many species of Dendrobium
which bloom later in the spring, as D. Parishii, Bensonie, albosanguineum,
superbum, and its several beautiful varieties. These, and many others,
having completed their current season’s growths, should be placed high up
in the Cattleya house during their season of rest, and all of them should be
kept as dry at the root as possible, until their flower buds show, when they
may be removed to the East Indian house.
ZYGoPETALUMS.—Z. Mackayi generally does best in a warm stove-like
temperature, and at this season is sending up strong spikes of bloom.
When flowering is past, or the spikes are cut, the plants may be repotted
if necessary, and as it is a free, deep-rooting species, plenty of pot room and
a good depth of compost is required. The’ pots should, therefore, be filled
to about a quarter of their depth with drainage materials, and a mixture of
good turfy loam and osmunda fibre; with plenty of crocks mixed In, will
form a suitable compost. Pot the plants with the compost up to within vit
inch of the top of the pot, then take a portion of the compost and mix with
ita moderate quantity of chopped sphagnum moss, and this should be used
The rare Z. Burkei, now about to flower, —
the same treatment. Still more rare is the beautiful Z. Ballii, also
flowering, and this requires the cooler temperature of the Intermediate
house. Other kinds that thrive best in a cool shady «orner of the
Intermediate house are Z. crinitum, Perrenoudi, intermedium, cnee
anum, brachypetalum, leucochilum, Armstrongii, Brewii, Gottianum, ae
the rare Z. Lindenii. They should be repotted soon after ee
commences in the same compost as that advised for Z. Mackayu. is
fostratum is a fine species that requires a rather warm temperature.
as a surface dressing.
364 THE ORCHID REVIEW [ DECEMBER, 1915.
chief feature is the very large, nearly white lip. Z. Roeblingianum, its
nearest ally, is a supposed natural hybrid.
ZYGOPETALUM MAXILLARE, when well grown, is certainly a handsome
‘species, and several fine hybrids have already been obtained from it. The
lip of the best variety is of a rich violet blue, which shows well against the
green and brown of the sepals and petals. Z. maxillare, in its native
country, grows on the stems of a Tree Fern, its last-made growth being
immediately under the crown of the Fern fronds. This is generally the
‘case, as seen by imported specimens, but not always among the smaller
pieces. Where it does occur it is very remarkable that the two plants
should grow up at the same rate together, and it is instructive to note the
amount of subdued light the Orchid must obtain from the spreading fronds
of the Fern. As the plant is nearly always imported on the Fern, it should
therefore be allowed to remain attached to it until it has made its first
growth. Probably by that time it will have overgrown the Fern stem,
when it will require additional support, and the best thing to do is to
fasten the whole either to the trunk of a living Tree Fern or to a long piece
of dead. Suspend the plant in a shady position in the Intermediate house,
and never allow it to become dry at the roots, but spray the leaves and
stems lightly overhead every morning, even during winter, and on several
occasions each day in summer. Mealy bug is nearly always imported on
the plant, and unless kept well under by brush and sponge will quickly
bring the plant into a debilitated condition. The rare Z. Sanderianum has
longer flowers than Z. maxillare, and a very fine pure white lip.
ZYGOPETALUM HYBRIDS.—The cultural conditions suitable for
Zygopetalum also apply to Zygocolax, as Z.-c. Veitchii, leopardina,
Charlesworthii, Wiganiana, and Amesiana, to which may be added the
distinct Zygonisia Rolfeana.
All Zygopetalums and the Zygocolax hybrids are liable to the attacks
of thrips, which are extremely fond of the young foliage, therefore it is good
practice, whether thrips be present or not, to bring the plants into any
glasshouse that is being vaporised.
Mexican Latas.—Of these Lelia anceps forms the principal, and
includes a whole series of beautiful varieties, as alba, Veitchii, Leeana,
Stella, Sanderiana, Schroederiana, Schroederze, Amesiana, Chamberlainiana,
Crawshayana, Williamsii, Percivaliana, and many others. Mention should
be made of the beautiful L. autumnalis, and its almost pure white variety
alba, also the pretty small-growing L. albida and L. furfuracea. The two
latter come from higher altitudes than L. anceps, and require a few degrees
less heat while making growths, which is also true of L. majalis. When
- these plants have done flowering, water must be almost withheld, but the
pseudobulbs should be kept as plump as possible during their period of
Decemper, 1915) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365
rest. If during the winter months any of these plants begin to send out
roots from the last-made bulbs, they may be repotted, but not disturbed
more than is absolutely necessary. Owing to the large amount of water
these Mexican Lzelias require whilst growing, exceptionally good drainage
is necessary, and the compost for them is good coarse osmunda fibre.
They should be potted quite firmly. The temperature of the Mexican
house during winter should be about 55° by night, and the air of the house
comparatively dry. Fresh air in quantity compatible with the weather
should be afforded. L. rubescens, perhaps better known as L. acuminata
or L. peduncularis, is a dwarf-growing plant, and is best cultivated in
shallow pans, and suspended, when growing, in a sunny position in the
warmest house, but now that the plants are at rest, the cooler atmosphere
of the Mexican house is best for them.
PERISTERIA ELATA.—This plant, when in bloom, is always of consider-
able interest, on account of the central part of the flower being likened to a
dove. It succeeds best in a stove temperature when growing, but now that
the large pseudobulbs are fully made up, the drier and cooler atmosphere of
the Cattleya or Mexican house is the best place for it. This species:
requires a long rest, without which, however strong the pseudobulbs may
be, flowering is problematical. The application of water to the plant while
at rest needs care, and it is better to keep on the dry side than to afford too-
much water. Mealy bug often affects this plant.
BRASSAVOLAS.—B. grandiflora and B. venosa are now coming into
flower, and are well worth growing, as their delicious perfume pervades the
whole house, especially at night or early morning. Both grow thoroughly
well when fastened to teak rafts, and suspended with their terete leaves im
pendant position. Grow them alongside of Lzelia rubescens, and afford.
them the same kind of treatment.
OpontocLossuM crTRosMuM.—By this time plants of this lovely
will have completed their growth, after which water should be gr
withheld and in a few weeks quite discontinued. Owing to dryness at the
root during the resting period, the pseudobulbs will probably shrivel a good
deal, but this is not to be feared, unless carried to excess, it not being
injurious to the plant, as when the flowering period again arrives they
quickly return to their normal condition after being kept well watered for *
few days. O. Reichenheimii and O. leve, having likewise finished ne
growths, should receive but little water at the roots during winter. These
three distinct Odontoglossums should be placed in the lightest and coolest
part of the Mexican or Intermediate house during their season of rest. os
TRICHOPILIAS.—T. fragrans, one of the very best of eae ee a
Orchids, is now showing its flower spikes, and will soon be in bloom. 2
4 plant that should be in every collection, for spikes of deliciously-scen'o®
species
adually
366 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1915.
white Orchids suitable for any kind of decoration are not common. This
plant requires but a trifle more heat than Odontoglossum crispum, so that
it may be grown at the warmest end of the Cool house, or in any moist
house where the winter temperature does not fall below 50°. Plants of T.
rostrata, a rather long, slender-bulbed species, which throws many
moderate-sized white flowers in the spring months, will also thrive under
the same treatment. T. suavis, T. coccinea, tortilis, crispa, marginata,
lepida, Backhouseana, Wageneri, Galeottiana, and T. laxa all require a few
degrees more heat. Most of these plants will have made up their growth,
and must not. be so often watered, or their pseudobulbs and leaves will
quickly become spotted. So long as the bulbs remain plump, very little or
no water will be required, but if they show signs of shrivelling, a moderate
amount of moisture may be afforded. During their resting period
Trichopilias should be placed in a cool dry part of the Intermediate house.
They are fond of a light position, but not actual sunshine, as the sun will
quickly turn the leaves from the deepest green to an unhealthy hue. When
showing their flowers remove the plants to a shady position in the Cattleya
house, as they will open better there, and be less likely to become spotted
than if left in the cooler division. Trichopilias should be repotted soon
after growth commences. Well-drained osmunda fibre is in every way
suitable for the roots to run in, and as these from healthy specimens are
large and many in number, they will take considerable pot room. In
potting, keep the plants well elevated up in the pots, so that they can be
easily watered without any fear of moisture lodging in or about the young
growths, as these are easily rotted. Those plants now flowering will be
best potted early in the spring. When growing freely they will take as
much water as any Cool-house Orchid. In cases where from any cause the
breaks of the plants started late, and are in consequence now growing,
give them a light position in the Cattleya house. Some of the smaller
kinds may be suspended from the roof on the shady side of the house.
MiLTon1as.—Plants of M. vexillaria are growing rapidly at this season,
and the roots in full activity, therefore enough water should be afforded to
keep the sphagnum on the surface in a fresh growing state. These growing
plants will need constant attention, as the young leaves frequently stick to
each other so firmly that they soon become crumpled if not watched and
carefully separated ; and it will be noticed at frequent intervals that at the
base of some of the young growths there is a brown, damp-looking outer-
sheath which clasps the growth so tightly that the young roots come up
nside the sheath into the air, and make no further progress, instead of
going down into the compost. This brown covering should be carefully
slit in several places, and pulled off in small pieces. At this season the
eaves of M. vexillaria are prone to damp off at the tips. When this
DECEMBER, 1915] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367
occurs keep the roots a trifle drier for a few days, afford extra ventilation if
possible, and do not damp or sprinkle any moisture between the pots. M.
Roezlii (a slightly warmer-growing species), M. Phalznopsis, M. Bleuana,
and the allied hybrids are also making their growths at this season, there-
fore the roots will need plenty of moisture. They grow best in a light
position in the Cattleya house during the winter. M. Phalznopsis always
does best when suspended with its leaves almost touching the roof glass.
ODONTOGLossuMs in the Cool house are also in full growth, and care
must be exercised to prevent a check. The lovely sweet-scented white O.
pulchellum having now completed its new pseudobulbs, the plants should
be rested by reducing the quantity of water at the root, as otherwise the
roots are prone to decay, and the plant will fail to produce its full
complement of bloom. Keep it always in a light position in the Inter-
mediate house. As many plants of O. crispum are now showing their
flower spikes they should be nightly watched for slugs, which are generally
found on the side of the pots or upon the sphagnum moss. Unless searched
for assiduously many valuable spikes may be lost.
E ORCHIS BRAUNII. k
HE history of this showy natural hybrid, which also bears the name of
Orchis latifolio-maculata, has already been given (O.R., xxi. pp.
201, 202), and now, through the kindness of Mr. R. V. Sherring, F.L.S.,
we are able to give a figure. The plant was illustrated some time ago
(Proc. Bournzmouth Nat. Sc. Soc., iii. p. 41, t. 1), and now the block has
been forwarded by Mr. Sherring for reproduction in our pages. The figure
was accompanied by the following note :—,
ORCHIS LATIFOLIA X MACULATA.—This Orchid was found near
Edmonsham by Messrs. Linton and Sherring, and is referred to in Flora of
Bournemouth (Linton), page 208, and also roth edit. London Catalogue,
under No. 1561. Mr. Linton says, ‘ You may safely call the Orchis, O.
latifolio-maculata (I arrange the names alphabetically), though it presents
more of the general features of O. maculata than of the other parent.”
The plant has a long and interesting history, which we need not
recapitulate, but we may add that it is also known in gardens under the
name of Orchis maculata superba. It combines well the characters of the
two parents, being taller and stouter than O. maculata, and having larger
flowers, which are lilac-purple in colour, with dark purple markings on the
the lip. The leaves are broader than in O. maculata, and handsomely
blotched with brown. It may be looked for wherever 0. latifoha and
O. maculata grow together. There can be little doubt as to its origin, but
368 THE: ORCHID REVIEAV. [ DECEMBER, 1915.
inal
experimental proof would be interesting, and we wish that someone would
also cross O. latifolia with O. incarnata, in the hope of obtaining O-
Fig. 45. OrcHis BRAUNII.
ss
praetermissa, Druce (whose history was given at page 207), for there 1s
strong presumptive evidence that this also is a natural hybrid. R.A.R.
DECEMBER, 1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW.
RoyaL HorTIcULTURAL.
MEETING was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square,
Westminster, on November gth, and produced a good display of
Orchids, the feature of the meeting being a plant of the Philippine Vanda
luzonica, exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, we believe for the first time
in Europe. The awards consisted of five medals, one First-class Certificate,
three Awards of Merit, and one Seedling Commendation. Among plants-
labelled as previously Certificated we noted Cypripedium elatior Shrubbery
var. and Odontoglossum Smithii (First-class Certificates), Cattleya
Mantinii nobilior, Cirrhopetalum gracillimum and Odontoglossum Ceres.
Goodson’s var. (Awards of Merit).
Orchid Committee present :—J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe,.
R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, F. M. Ogilvie, T. Arm-
strong, W. Cobb, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, C. H. Curtis,
A. Dye, W. H. White, S. W. Flory, Gurney. Wilson, J. Charlesworth, and
A. McBean. :
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury, staged a small group-
of choice things, including Lycaste Imschootiana (cruenta X Skinneri) with
SOCIETIES:
a twin-flowered scape, Sophrocatlelia De Vere Beauclerc (L.-c. bletchley-
ensis X S.-l. heatonensis), Cattleya Puritan (Warscewiczii Frau Melanie
Beyrodt X Maggie-Raphael alba), with pure white flowers and the front of
_ the lip purple, C. Mantinii Fowler’s var., C. Fabia Fowler’s var., Cypri-
pedium beechense, Odontoglossum Smithii and O. crispum roseum.
F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. W. Balmforth),.
sent Cypripedium elatior Shrubbery var., and Odontioda Sheila (parentage
untecorded), bearing a spike of rose-purple flowers, with somewhat darker
markings, and the shape and size of Odontoglossum crispum.
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Sophrocatlelia
Serbia (S.c.-l. pumeximia X C. labiata), a promising rose- -purple flower of
intermediate shape.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group,.
including good examples of Cattleya Fabia, Portia, Antiope, and Mantinii
nobilior, Lzliocattleya St.-Gothard, Smilax, Golden-Oriole, and Phoebus
(C. Iris x L.-c. Cappei), a rich yellow hybrid, with a crimson front lobe to
the lip, Oncidium oblongatum and pretextum, two distinct forms of
Odontioda Patricia, Cypripedium Fairrieanum and Rossetti, Odontoglossum.
armainvillierense xanthotes, O. Phocis, and O. Ceres Goodson’s vat..
(Silver Flora Medal). |
370 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (DECEMBER, 1915.
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, including
good examples of Dendrobium Phalenopsis and var. album, Cattleya
Fabia, labiata, and C. Bowringiana atrosanguinea, Oncidium varicosum
Rogersii, Lzliocattleya Lustre, Miltonia candida, Masdevallia Veitchiana,
Cypripedium insigne Sanderze, Gaston Bultel, Boltonii, Maudiz, C.
‘Tityus superbum, with five flowers, and numerous others (Silver Flora
Medal).
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine g-cup, including
white and coloured forms of Cattleya Fabia, C. Kienastiana, Leliocattleya
bletchleyensis, Pleione lagenaria, Saccolabium acutipetalum, Ccelogyne
brunnea, the rare Dendrobium Palpebre, Bulbophyllum hirtum and
recurvum, Ione paleacea, Maxillaria nigrescens, Odontoglossum tripudians,
and McNabianum, Cypripedium Niobe, C. Minos Youngii, and others
(Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a good group,
including Cattleya Moira, Minucia, Armstrongiz, Williamsiz and C.
Raphaeliz alba, two brilliant forms of Sophrocattleya Doris, Cirrhopetalum
ornatissimum with seven inflorescences, Lzliocattleya luminosa, Oncidium
varicosum, Vanda coerulea, and others (Silver Banksian Medal).
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, including
Odontioda Devosiana and Diana, Cattleya Rothschildiana alba, Fabia and
Andreana (Pittize >» Dowiana aurea), most resembling the latter except
in having a more undulate lip, Cymbidium Doris, Lzliocattleya luminosa,
‘Cypripedium Niobe, a fine form of Odontoglossum armainvillierense, and
others (Silver Flora Medal). ;
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, sent a good Odonto-
glossum Thisbe superbum, and a well-flowered Cirrhopetalum gracillimum.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent fine examples of Lzeliocattleya
Bola and Barbarossa, also Brassocattleya Morna superba, a particularly
fine form with the fringe of the lip much reduced.
First-Ciass CERTIFICATE.
ODONTOGLOssUM PEMBURY (gandavense X eximium).——A very hand-
some hybrid, bearing a strong spike of eleven finely-shaped flowers, the
ground colour being white, with a large solid claret-red blotch on each
segment, and the front lobe of the lip white, with the crest yellow.
Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
BRASSOCATTLEYA ADMIRAL JELLICOE BROADLANDS VaR. (B.-c. Veitchil
x C. Rothschildiana).—A large and handsome form, with light rose pink
sepals and petals, and a rosy lilac fringed lip, with a light yellow disc.
Exhibited by E. R. Ashton, Esq., Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells.
SOPHROCATTLEYA Prart (S.-c. Doris X C. Portia magnifica).—A hand-
DECEMBER, 1915.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 371
some hybrid, the flower having broad, rose-coloured sepals and petals, and
a ruby purple lip lined with yellow on the disc. Exhibited by Messrs.
J. & A. McBean.
VANDA LUZONICA.—A striking Philippine species, which was described
and figured at page 137 of our May issue. It is comparable with V.
tricolor, and bore an inflorescence of six flowers, the sepals and petals
being white, with a narrow transverse purple line at the base, and the lip
violet purple in front. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons.
SEEDLING COMMENDATION.
ODONTOGLOssUM Doris NoOBILIOK (Ossulstonii x crispum).—A small
seedling, bearing a single flower, which is of excellent shape, and the ground
colour white, and bearing clusters of numerous red-purple spots, while the
very broad lip is white in front, with some purple blotches in front of the
yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
At the meeting held on November 23rd there was again a good display
of Orchids, and the awards consisted of four Medals, one First-class
Certificate, and five Awards of Merit. Among plants labelled as previously
certificated we noted Cypripedium Leeanum J. Gurney Fowler, and Lelio-
cattleya Mrs. Evelyn Norrie (First-class Certificates), Cypripedium Ernest-
Read and Sophrocatlelia Niobe (Awards of Merit).
Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esg. (in the Chair),
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, J. Wilson Potter, R. A.
Rolfe, Stuart H. Low, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites,
Walter Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis,
H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, R. Brooman White,
and Gurney Wilson.
R. W. Rickards, Esq., The Priory, Usky received a Silver Flora Medal
for a small group of remarkably well-grown Cypripediums, with, a few
Cattleyas. We noted a fine example of C. Rossetti var. Perfection, C. The
Baron, C. Cyclops (Actzus X fulshawense), bearing a large and hand-
somely blotched flower, C. Grittleton (Curtisii xX Stevensii), a richly-
coloured form, C. Satyr (Euryades X Beryl), with very numerous small
Spots, a beautiful example of C. Fairrieanum X Baron-Schréder, with fine
tichly-marked flowers, and C. Mrs. Wm. Mostyn X insigne Harefield Hall
var., bearing two fine flowers.
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis),
staged a choice group, including a remarkably strong plant of Odonto-
glossum crispum, with a large branching panicle of about 27 blush-white
flowers, a fine ©. Pescatorei, the handsome Cypripedium Leeanum
J. Gurney Fowler, C. Ernest Read, fine examples of Cattley e ged Lg
C, Tityus, Leliocattleya Nelthorp-Beauclerc (L.-c. Gottoiana x C. Enid),
372 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (DECEMBER, 1915.
bearing four richly-coloured flowers, and L.-c. Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, with
deep yellow sepals and petals and a very dark maroon lip.
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier),
sent Cattleya Gatton-Ruby (amabilis x Hardyana), a fine thing most
like the latter, and Leliocattleya Eyeringiana (C. Bowringiana x L.
Eyermaniana, bearing an elongated spike of six lilac-rose flowers.
F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, E. Grinstead, sent Cattleya Portiata
(Portia X labiata), having rose-coloured flowers, with a darker lip, and
some light yellow in the throat.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington),
sent Odontoglossum Chloe (Groganiw x crispum), bearing round flowers of
very dark claret-colour.
E. Whiteaway, Esq., Feltham Lodge, Feltham (gr. Mr. J. Tait), sent a
fine flower of Brassocattleya William-Pitt (B.-c. Veitchii x C. Octave Doi).
W. Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool, Warrington, sent a twin-flowered scape
of Cypripedium Venus var. Boltonii, and a few others.
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a very fine group,
including two remarkably strong plants of Odontoglossum spectabile, each
bearing two large panicles of flowers, O. Doris, O. Ceres, and a very fine
O. Lambeauianum, two distinct and handsome forms of Odontioda Joan,
good examples of Cypripedium Fairrieanum, Leliocattleya Salonika and
Colmaniana, several well-bloomed Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale,
Sophrocatlelia Orion (C. Fabia x Scl. Menippe), having bright rose sepals
and petals and a dark crimson-maroon lip, with a row of the graceful
Trichopilia suavis and T. Gouldii in front (Silver Flora Medal).
Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a group of choice
Cypripediums in well-grown examples, with a_ brilliant example of
Odontioda Diana, bearing two!racemes, in the centre. Among the Cypri-
pediums we noted the richly-coloured C. triumphans, good examples of C.
Niobe Westonbirt var., Rosetti, Sanactzeus, forms of insigne, Leeanum, and
others (Silver Banksian Medal). :
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group of showy
Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, noteworthy among them being C. Snow-
Queen (Gaskelliana alba x Suzanne Hye de Crom) and C.. Peacock
(Hardyana xX fulvescens), with examples of Lycaste mesochlena, the
striking Ccelogyne barbata and Mooreana, Saccolabium calceolare,
Bulbophyllum hirtum, Masdevallia Rushtonii, Rodriguezia secunda, and
others (Silver Banksian Medal). :
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a small group,
including a few promising seedling Odontoglossums: bearing their first
flower, Cattleya Rhoda Primrose Dame, primrose yellow with some purple
eintng “on the disc of: the lip, Leeliocattleya rubens Orchidhurst vat-r
DeCEMBER, 1915;] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373
Brassocattleya Apollo (C. Mendelii. X B.-c. Veitchii), Sophrocattleya
Thwaitesii Orchidhurst var., salmon red, with the disc of the lip yellow
and the front lobe crimson, and a few good Cypripediums.
Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Odontioda Nena (Oda. Vuylstekeze
x Odm. percultum), having brilliant claret-red flowers with some white
veining in the petals, and Brassocattleya Merlin (B.-c. langleyensis x C.
Mendelii), with lilac-pink flowers, also the rare Trias disciflora.
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent Cattleya Boadicea (Gaskel-
liana X Hardyana), and C. Triane Reineckeana, white with a purple lip.
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a select group, including
the handsome Sophrocattleya Pearl, a well-flowered Odontonia brugensis,
two fine Cattleya Fabia, Odontioda Charlesworthii, and a few others.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
L#&LIOCATTLEYA ALEX (L.-c.. Tunis x C. Dowiana aurea).—A hand-
some hybrid, having well-shaped flowers, with orange-yellow sepals and
petals, and a ruby-red lip, with some yellow on the disc. Exhibited by
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.
AWARDS OF MERIT. j
CATTLEYA MAGGIE-RAPHAEL SANDHURST VAR.—A very fine form of the
alba type, having white sepals and petals and a richly-coloured lip
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.
CypripepruMm Iona Priory VAR. (bellatulum X Fairrieanum).—A richly-
coloured variety, the flowers being copiously veined with violet purple on a
cream-white ground. Exhibited by R. W. Rickards, Esq.
CypripEpium Priory-BEauTy (Earl of Tankerville x unknown).—A
very fine hybrid, the broad white dorsal sepal having a light green base,
and large purple-brown blotches in the centre, while the broad petals and
lip are honey-yellow, tinged with brown. “From R. W. Rickards, Esq.
CypRIPEDIUM SWALLOWTAIL (Fairrieanum X M. de Curte).—A fine
thing, with flowers regularly marked with brown on a light green ground,
somewhat resembling C. Arthurianum. Exhibited by R. W. Rickards,.Esq.
L.ELIOCATTLEYA KinG-MANOEL (parentage unrecorded).—A richly-
coloured hybrid of moderate size, with copper-orange sepals and _ petals,
and a deeply three-lobed lip, which is ruby purple in front with a yellow
isthmus. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November
4th, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in
the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, J. Lupton,
D. McLeod, W.. J. Morgan, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H.
Arthur (Sec.).
374 THE ORCHID REVIEW- [Deckmper, ‘r915.
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. W. Gilden), was awarded a
“Large Silver Medal for a group of Cattleya labiata varieties, C. Sylvia,
Thyone, Fabia var. Hussar, Hardyana alba, and Alcimeda superba, Sophro-
cattleya Saxa var. Salonika, Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, virginale
Ashlands var., and Olympus, O. amabile Ashworth’s var., Topsy and
Vulcan, O. percultum Uncle Tom, O. Ceres var. Rossendale, Cypripedium
Acteus, Thalia giganteum, Arthurianum Sandere, Thisbe, Troilus,
eboriacum, insigne Sanderz, and others.
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), staged a group
composed principally of Cattleya labiata in variety, including Cyme; EK. 1.
Measures, and R. le Doux, a fine C. Dowiana aurea, C. Portia, Epiden-
drum vitellinum autumnale, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, Cymbidium
Tracyanum, and others, a Silver Medal being awarded.
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), staged a fine group of
Odontoglossum crispum in variety, and Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale
(see Certificates).
H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill (gr. Mr. W. J. Morgan), staged a fine
plant of Cypripedium Reginald Young, and a plant (home raised) of C.
bellatulum and Hitchinsiz.
Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were awarded a Special Vote of
Thanks for an exhibit of fine varieties of Cattleya Fabia var. alba and
Arethusa, C, Rothschildiana alba, with Cypripedium Corsair, Euphrates,
insigne Ariel, and nitens-Leeanum var. Eros.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Cypripedium keigh-
leyense, Hitchinsize magnificum, La France, grittletonense, and insigne
Surprise, with Odontioda Schroederi. |
Mr. W. Shackleton, Highfield, Bradford, staged a fine variety of
Odontioda, with seedling Odontoglossums.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cypripedium Actzeus var. Arthur Oakshott, from Mrs. le Doux, West
Derby (gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher).
Brassocattleya The Czar (C. Fabia x B.-c. Veitchii), from R. Ash-
worth, Esq.
Cypripedium Aurobe (aureum (Edippe x Niobe), from P. Smith, Esq.,
Ashton-on- Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson). :
First-cLass CuLTuURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for about 30 plants of
Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale.
At the meeting held on November 18th the members of Committee
present were: Rey. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. J. Cypher,
P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.).
DECEMBER, \1915.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 375-
Owing to the severe weather, the exhibits were not so numerous as
usual, the attendance.also being greatly. affected.
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr..W. Gilden), and P. Smith,
Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson), staged several fine things,
all of which appear in the Award List.
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a nice group, to which a
Silver Medal was awarded. It included Cypripedium insigne Dorothy and
Sander, C. Leeanum Corona and Clinkaberryanum, C. Dreadnought,
elatior, Priam, Niobe Westonbirt var., Mme. Jules Hye, Minos Veitchii,
Gaston Bultel, Felicity, and Oberon, Cattleyas of the labiata section,.
Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, and others.
Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Son, Bradford, staged Cypripedium Charles-
worthii var. La Milo, C. Oberon, Hoyleanum superbum, Hitchinsize
magnificum, with a number of unnamed seedlings, a collection of cut flowers.
of varieties of the insigne section and others.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
Sophrocattleya Doris Cobb’s var., the largest flower of its kind yet seen,
and of good form and colour, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cattleya labiata var. Mudros, and C. Fabia alba, Ashland’s var., both
from R. Ashworth, Esq.
Cypripedium Priam Haddon House var., and Radianshall (radians X
insigne Harefield Hall var.), both from P. Smith, Esq.
AWARD OF APPRECIATION.
Odontoglossum promerens var. Roundhead (eximium X crispum), a
home-raised seedling with full round flower and evenly blotched, flowering
from a very small plant, from R. Ashworth, Esq.
ees ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. ge |
HE Royal Horticultural! Sosizty’s last meeting of the year will be held
at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on
December 7th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o’clock noon.
The Manchester & North of England Horticultural Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 2nd and 16th.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection
of members and the public from I to 4 p.m.
THE Rep Cross Funp.—We have received from an old subscriber an
appeal for this thoroughly deserving fund. It is suggested that many
-376 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1915.
sections of the community bound together by various descriptions of
common interest have helped, and that Orchid growers might raise a fund
of their own for this purpose. It is a praiseworthy object, and we know
that it has already been considered, but there are difficulties in organising a
special fund, and, moreover, we know that Orchidists have largely supported
their own local funds. At the same time there may be readers who are
‘not in touch with local funds, and we shall be happy to forward to the
proper quarters any contributions that may be entrusted to us for this
‘purpose. We specially mention this, because sympathisers in America
have answered our appeal to the Prince of Wales’ Fund for sufferers
-by the war.
It will be seen from our advertisement pages that there is a vacancy in
the island of Jersey for an Orchid grower, who is required to take charge of
-an amateur’s collection. The locality, we believe, is a favourable one, and
it should afford a good opening for a competent man who is seeking such a
situation.
SOPHROCATLALIA Or1oN.—A handsome hybrid from Cattleya Fabia x
-Sophrocatlelia Menippe, of which a flower has been sent by Messrs.
‘Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. It has an expanse of: 3}
inches and the sepals and broadly ovate petals are bright rose-purple,
while the lip, which measures 2} inches long by 14 inches broad, is
-of an intense velvet crimson. The Sophronitis influence is largely
-eliminated.
|
[Orchids are named and pate answered here as far as asco el ada bea pte are
requested to gh the native country or pare Pigs plants sent. An DRESSED postcar b
sent tf a reply by post ts desired (abroad, fy $4 aH aoa should Pe gong 3 a yr spotial
-interest will be dealt with in the body of the
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
E.W.T.—Lanium Berkeleyi, Rolfe.
E.H.C.—Dendrochilum uncatum, Rchb. f., a graceful Philippine species.
AM —The subject would be particularly sei tal = it lies at the root of all
sceeeetel: Orchid culture. e will deal with it in an early is
Photographs received, with thanks.—R.W.R., R.V.S.
J.H.—The rule is that ie ee adjecti a names are written without a capital
letter, ae Disa langleyensis, not D. Langleyensis, is correct.
to thank a ee correspondent for a contribution to the Prince
of Wales rata for nnttoreis by the war, which has been forwarded to the proper
-quarte
i ving to pressure on our oe by nib Baste Index, several communications are held
ver for a future issue, and we have thank correspondents for several interesting
siagentcins, which are under censidanition.
INDEX.
ADAPTATIONS, 200, 227, 290, 291, 323, 324: | Brassocatlelia—
Adioda, 293 ; St. ~_— si
Adoglossum, 293; Juno,
Aérid o1; Fi Idi Houllet- |
thelpwiae ees : ng 231; called Brassocatlelias, 3
m Sandere, 2443 ; illustre, 267 ; ; Law- | 49.
ager 14, 361; culosum Schrcederi, Brasso-Catt-Lelia x Lindleya-elegans, 349-
ola, 350; — Pink Beauty,
Thompsonii, 350;
otan, 350. |
5°83
=H
ted
pf
2
On
°
265, 266, 273; ilbeatene 65; Schroederi, | Brasso-Cattleya-Leelia, 349.
265, 2 _ Brasso-Lzelio- Cattleya, 349, 3553 Prince of
Air plants, 65. ales,
Albinis | Brassocattleya Admiral Jellicoe Broadlands
ol.
seating of generations, 198, 199.
Amateur’s Collection, 10, 38, 89, 124, 133,
165.
American Notes, 351.
Angiospermz, 199.
Angrecum birrimense, mar
Anguloa . brevilabris, : Cliftonii, 226,
265. 202, (x preetabetal 292 Clowesii,
177; Rolfei,.226, 255, 292; Ruckeri, 2555
292.
Anguloas, 141,
Ancectochilus, 318; lanceolatus, 318;
luteus, 318.
64, 96, 128,
» 376.
Answers to Correspondents, 32,
Go, 192, 224, 256, 288, 320, 352
Antholithes oe 154.
Ants and Orchids,
Arundina subsessilis, 68.
Arundinas,
Atmospheric conditions, 193.
alee
BAILEY, Orchids of Queensland, 283.
Banks, early Orchid Culture, 66.
Barker, Mr. J. T., 41, 42.
auras st Orchidiane, 5 ; on Hybrids,
53; Lec S, 231.
Bees fertilising Cattleyas, 136.
Belgian Horticulturists, hale for, 93.
Bernard, on Neottia, 66.
Bifrenatia murahileck 286 ; bicornaria, 286 ;
fragrans, 291 ; inodora 291.
Bletia AS ci 232 3 speciosa, 232, 233-
Blinds, 107.
Book, Review of—
Ames ia Si cag a
Botanical Fugitive,
Brassavola nodosa z Canes Enid, 247.
Brassavolas, 365
Erassia, 284; pha cree 283 ; Lawrenceana,
284; L. longissima, 284; longissima,
273 274, 204
Brassocatlelia, 349, 355 3 Albatross, 349;
49; Astarte, 349 ; ardw oodiensis,
349.3
Hylas. 350; Joan, 350; K
359; Lawrencei, 446, 3553 ; Leeana, 350;
k Pearl, 27 ; Andre-
ig-B
is r John Brench,
i AO sae Digbyano- Rehrcdeie (OCs chroe-
2773 .
Nestor, 310; ‘Orpheus
sigh res Pallas 340 ; sulphu urea amabilis,
147; Vilmoriniana Shrub-
bery ce I ts
Bryophyta, 198.
Bulbophyllum Balfourianum, 226, 247, 256;
Capeenes 352 ; dichromum, 119 ; Fletcher-
m, 3, 226; Micholitzii, 309 ;: min utis-
imum, Q, ; monilifo orm
Odoardi, 190 ; .pentastichum, 181 ;
coides, 356; viridiflorum, B23.
Bulbophyllum, section Minutissima, 190;
sect. Odoardiana, 190. .
Bulbophyllums, minute, 189, 193.
Butterworth, J. T., 126.
e,
psitta-
CALANTHE pera 33 Jezebel, 61;
ewensis, 37 ; Regnieri, 362.
Calanthes, 19, Bay 75, oh -260, 336, 362 ;
deciduous, 174; evergreen, 174.
Calendar of ‘Operations, 18, 50, 74> 107, 139,
192, 210, 235, 259, 299, 331, 302
Camarotis obtusa, 223.
Catasetum, 110; Bungerothii, 295, 296; B.
aureum, 223; ndii, 296; macro-
37; pileatum, 277, 295, 2
Randii, 339; scurra, 17.
Catasetums, 14, 211, 318 300 ; and bees, 14.
Cattleya Acis, 339; Sr aide a Ajax
Dame meda, 2773
ndreana, 370; Ariel, 343;
308; A. alba, 289; Ballantineana(nat. hyb.),
282; Beryl, 340; Bowringiana, 321;
rowniz Gatton Park var., 349; Dowiana
(hybrids of), a (influence of), 32h (lip
reedera), raps-
yrodt, 270; Gladys, 307 ;
233; Gratrixize alba, 182; guttata, 215;
377
378
Cattleya—
Majesty,»
ee
bb tr vars. 3975: 38
rold._ Fowler’s var., 274 ;
is (fertilised ve bees), 136;
ing- ae
— 281; 1. Punit
ady- Veitch,
ratrix, 344;
Leopoldii, 215; L. per pay a pant 281;
Lu eddemanniana alba, oy Lue ca 3a
; Maggie- Raphael alba,
56; R S2 dhurs t var., 373 ; Mantinii,
321; Maronni, “AL endeli sath
Smee, 246; M. en Mary, 185 ; ira
rubra, 342 ; Mose 116; M. Wa vial
217; Murillo, 29; Naidia, S10. 330 ;
O’Brienana alba, 26; Ol oak (0:3
Orduna, 247; Paula, 246; Peacock, ae
Peetersii 343; Phyllis, 36,
picturata, 215; Pittiana (x Be. oamnics),
OL: Portiata, S725
Q er!
Sybil 166, 168, hy 319 Warieties om 2953
S. ro undobellum 296 C BLO: Se ntillant,
pee 313 32h 333 Yar, 313;
Madam
s. ins Ashworth, 245, 268; W. Our
an: We ee ape W.
Vi og neck + 24a; We Wha e Queen,
orbs igan’s var., 271.
Cattleya House, 142.
Cattleyas, 53, 213,
blooming, 352 ;
fertilised by bees, 136.
Cell-gerimules, 167, 168.
Cephalanthera rubra, 226.
Chemistry of flower colour, gr.
Chondropetalum Fletcheri, 315.
anaegtg Lipscombiz, 17.
Chromosomes, 167, 227, 228, 230.
Chacmscocmic development, 230.
aide
237, 333;.. Autumn-
compost for,
1335
alu oan ee bel ; gracillimum,
sis (fertilisatlon of), ; psittacoides,
Pees ee fertilised by flies, 357.
Cleisostoma secundum, 245.
Ceelias, 21.
Coclogyne eo 187 ; cristata, I11,
261; , 247 ; intermedia, 25; Mi cho-
litzii, ace nM reana, 21, 49; pan
185; Sanderze var., 182 ; siamensis, 68.
durata, —
INDEX,
Coelogynes, 21.
Colour of flowers, 91.
Conjugate, 146.
Conjugation, 168, 197.
Constantin on Orchid Cultivation, 65.
Corona Keffordii, 130.
Coryanthes macrantha, 217, 222, 223.
Cowley, Her
Cross-fertilisation, 291, 298.
Crosses, a oa 220.
Cycnoches
Cymbidium aloifoine, 352; 253; Butterfly,
94; Castor, 36; ningsbyanum Brock-
hurst var., 57; Fide seedannts, S52 3
Floryi, 36, 58; Garnet, 157; insigne
album, 160 ; Jasper, 157; Mastersit
al » 352; pendulum, 246, 252, 2533
bum
p. brevilabre, phe Pollux
Gatton, 84 ; sandhurstiense, 307 Sappho,
ive; Bchiegelit S. wler’s var.,
85; Seamew, 158; Veitch oe
118 ; Woodhamsianum Aurora
Cymbidiums, 175, 335
Cypripedium agora ee tes at
60 ; Archimedes, 56 ; go-Lawrence-
anum, fil et EP letig hein
wie m, 47; Aurobe, 374 ; —
268 ; ‘bellataty um (xX Hitchinsice), 374
68
pi toi tery G at ‘Duke Nichoes,
57 3 cas e, ©, 358 5 Curtisii (x vexillarium),
fs
29; Earl of Tankerville (=
35% oe Euryades), 24, (x F
edgbastonense, 46 ; ash emia, 58 ;
Pinca 328; 337, 343, (xX Baron
ron ‘oder i 371; Franchetii, 268; Gloria,
- Moore (x Leean
62; Lord Fish
pee 0 5 luteum, 2
saccos, 2 : onte, 58;
i s (X
son), 24; nito-Cynthia, 27; nobilior,
62; papuanum, 287; Peter, 116;
INDEX.
Cypripedium—
i Priam, 40, - Priory
3733
’ 41;
- : Pyramus, 359;
Chardwar Ideal, 57 ; Pyrrha, 58 ; Queen
dianshall, ass
erianum, 306, 330;
Beige pyicg hee 326, 330,
stg ~ ‘
243, 2 330:
Swithin, 148 ; Suzanne, ois Straliowtail,
a7 tibeticum, 269 ; ashtiil, 59;
veganum, 267 ; ventricosum, 268; Venus
Boltonii, 48, 354; Wardie, 268; Warn-
ham 2153 : bal 68 Yata-
um bh
Cypripedium » 53, 211, 354; colour of,
354; de pohatie value of, 354; hardy, 267 :
improvements oy 3543 sou 243 ara
352; — of, 359 m-growin
172 5 winter- Soearian, 40, 3
Dee pedioain, 212.
Cytisus Adami, 230.
Cytoplasm, 227.
DARWIN and eee 290 ;
- of Orchids,
Darwinism, passing of, 290.
Dendrobium Alpha. 149 ; arachnites, 181 ;
hy oer Lady Colman, 340° chrysotis,
; Devonianum, 113; Goldiei, ;
Laiewen num, 120; Hookerianum, 316;
H. Fowler’s Mead * ar Maccarthiz,
]
(ae iss Kin TTS3 nobi 2
(peloriate), 1 8 ; 1. albidorue
album, 132; n. giganteum ceneeiting, eae
nobilius (x chessingtonense), 119;
n. virginale ; oo 1433
speciosum, 224; taurinu 16, 925
Thompsonii, 4235 Thewititesize Veitch’s
var., 121; Tofftii, 9 ; Triumph, 59.
Dendrobium, 96, YE, 173, 235, X01, 362-3
exico, 12 ; racemose, 154.
Pact bicornutum, 12 ; (x C. Louryana,
242.
Dicotyledons, 2
Disa Blackii, oo 171, 185; Clio, 170;
Diores, 170; Elwesii, 171; gtandiflora
169, 171, 239; g- aurea, 251 ; “kewensis,
169, 170; k. superba, shi langleyensis,
169, 170; Luna, 170; Premier, 169, 170;
tripetaloides, 169, 171; Veitchii, 169;
Watsoni, 170.
Disas, 333 ; hybrid, 169.
Diseases, 103.
fe nPREM, 653 aloides, 252; ssi
2; amabile, 255; erubescens,
OPiiecianue (self-fert.
2; pen ulum, 252; porpax,
231; xanthinum (x
Epidendrums, 238.
Epiphytes, 65.
5FY
_ Epiphronitis Veitchii, 8.
Fertilisation |
Epipogon aphyllum,
Eria, 45: sect. Hate bieiflt 45-
Eria bambusifolia, 45.; barbata, 326, 327.
Eriodea, 327
Eriodes en 326, 327; hairs of
Eriodes
Euleema cayennsis, 136
Eulophia guineensis,
niculata, 223.. -
Pulgphetie Elisabethze, 145; Peetersiana:
216.
110; nuda, 245 ;.
Events of 1914, I.
Ponce 168, 290, 323
m, 67; and Orchid culture, 65,
the other way about, 258.
Evolutionary process, 168.
» 324; and Mendel-
67 +
FERTILISATION, 168, 199, 200; by insects, 200.
Forget, Natural Hybrid Cattleyas, 282.
Fowler, Mr. J. Gurney, 95.
Fungi and Orchids, 67.
GAMETES, 227, 228, 229, 230.
Gemmules, 167.
Germ plasm, 167, 168; 229.
German Orchid Suciety: 34.
Goodyera repens, 317.
Gratt hybrids, 229, 230
Gramatophyllum Cominsii 8; fastuosum, 7 ;.
num, 8; speciosum, 6, 7;
Wa be Gs
Chemeciaestonietinod: section Gabertia, 6.
_ Gymnosperme, 199
bit aie Orchid Collection, 12 ;
HABENARIA elatius, 32; Havilandii,, 31;
ewittii, 31 ; militaris, 291 ; pusilla, 291 ;
Robinson,
sci Ge 212,
aan of, 166,
study of, 200.
Sale of,
nt ie on Unit-characters, 323.
Hudson, Mr. James, 352-
Hurst, Major, Principles of Genetics, 318.
Hybrid, 230; a mosaic, 229 ; derivatives,
229 ; earliest Siena vie
ag ini 66, 92, 191, 196; and
‘geet anicx! Sbieieles,
nomenclature, 131; cause o
229; Conjugate, 30: crypthybrids, 92 ;
generic, 355; intermediate, 168, 229
380
Hybrids—
OS ature of, 355; of 1914, 2; of
unrecorded parentage, 164, 268 ;
g ; primary, 220, 230, (and
secondary), 130; - recros ssed, 229
Ys (22305 fertilised, 2
apd alge of character in, 229; specific
mes of, 35 ; cont bar cells of, 229;
records of, 38 can sterile, 1313. true
from seed, 229; two classes of, 130
anion secondary, pe ; vigour of, 23.
INCOMPATIBILITY, 229, 230.
Inheritance oe
Insect Piste
International Becseicel Congress, 34.
Tone flavescens, 68
Ipsea speciosa, 75.
KARYOKINESIS,
Keeble, flower eas gl.
apimenbaier 326 ; Sones: ata, 326; platy-
achis, 326; rufes » 326 ; sororia, 326;
Tunghiscac, pele
LA&LIA albida, 364 ; anceps, go ; ancibarina,
elegans, 282
“ee
30% atemani
furfuracea, 364 ; Gou
phylla (x pumila), 282; Tlabeana 458
Lundii, 37; majalis, 231-234, 364 ;
monophylia, 79; Susanna, 37.
Leelias, Mexican, 50, 364.
Lzelio-Brasso-Cattleya, 349.
Leeliocattleya, 355; Alex, 373; _Anaconda,
Anzac
Var, 22 in :
- Cecilia, 56; Chamberlainiang I “38; Ch v1 as
116; Clarkii, 215 ; Cornelia, a, 28 5 5b
nsiz, 127;
eximia delicatissima, 277 ; Byariacne.
372; Fascinator-M
ie na “M. tory n
Queen abies
anceps,
Ivan hoe,
Fowler's were
l 24
Minnie de phe Mey
Numidia
Peete. 274A ael, 31
Sander, 218; Rossetti, 310: S
341 ; Schilleriana, er 282; Serbia, vty
INDEX.
Leliocattleya—
Sibyl Low’s var., 185 ; Sir Douglas Haig,
28; Soulange, 310; St.-Gotha ~ aes
Empress- Frederick), 339; .Teu Mn rs.
Mary Stokes, 183 ; Thyone Fowler S var.,
274; Titania, 127; Transylvania, 185 ;
Truffautiana, 292, 324 ; ra, 12
Lzlio- Cattleya, 355.
Leeliopsis s domingensis, 52.
Lanium Berkeleyi, 357.
Lawrence, Sir Trevor, 8.
Linden, J., 69.
Lindley Medal, 231
Lindley, Orchidacez Lindenianz, 69.
Liparis bicuspidata, 160 ; Leeselii, 226.
Listrostachys Brownii, 320 ; forcipata, 223.
ondon Botanical Congress, 335.
ioe Arthuriana, 278; Balliz, 88; Cappei,
o)s-Cha: ere 89; gigantea, 241 ;
Janete, 118, 125; Jane et Ro oss, 125 ; Mary
x, 89; Rossiana, 125; schcenbrun-
<
88.
kone 142, 334.
MALAXISs paludosa, 226.
gp ape and North of England Orchid,
, 59, 84, 122, 151, 186, 220, 248, 278, 311,
at 2, 373; Awards, 188, 221
Marconi, sn oe Histoire ie PInvolution
Naturelle,
Masdevallia Eacioldabe 209; Forget ret
racemosa, 286 ; rosea, 209 ; xi
Maxillaria mphatio 158; picta, 347.
V axillarias
Mechanism of heredity, a '196,°2
M a min Bo.
Mendelian ‘facto aap
M Sade lism and Evolution, 67.
Mendel’s work, 323
Miltonia, 293 ; Caaeseounil, 249, 293; C.
ee 203); ae
Wale
abel- Santiae
278; Mrs Ge off. Tate, a oe
2035 vexillaria, 140, 238, 287; v. dulcis,
357; v- Leopoidii, 357.
Miltonia, erase like. blotch of, 250.
Miltonias, 20,
Miltonioda, 293 3 ; | Harwood, 295.
Monocotyledon
Moorea, 80; as FO 80.
Mormodes, IIo.
Mutation gece, 92.
Mutations, 230, 318.
7 an
Ogilvie 1863 Is
ei
me
Oo
NAMES, 292 ; commemorative, 132; difficulty
of finding, 132; florists, 131 ; geographical
376; incorrect, 36; of a aogle w 2925
specific, 131, 132, 292 ; ugly, 292; ae
131, f well chosen, 291.
Natural Selo to, 290, 291, 322, 323
INDEX.
Neomoorea, 80 ; irrorata, 80, 84, 241.
Neottia, birds nest
Nephelaphyllum pulchrum sikkimense, 223.
Neuwiedia, 268
Nomenclature, 35, 324; an
and War, 3 35; ‘Brussels
4; rules, 13],
confusion ID, 325,
202,355; Paris ules, 355; onal,
292; R.H.S. rules, apne of, ws
use of hyphen, 355; Vi » 3555
ienna
- Vienna Rules, 355; and iaeele ris, 35:
Novelties, 353.
Nucleus, bearer of hereditary qualities, 227 ;
of the cell, 167, 228 ; of the gametes, 230 ;
of the vegetative cell, 230; sexual, 228 ;
_ vegetative, 228.
OBITUARY—Ashton, F. W., 356; Bailey,
Frederick Mason, 283; Ball, C.F, -348 ;
Cook, E. T., 191; D Crom, Jules Hye,
87; Forget, Louis, 281 ; Harv vey, F. W.,
oe ae J C. Ay at Hunter,
192, Bi Abs
Lonsdale, Edwin, oe aRotbechild, ‘Gatna
Nathan Meyer, 135; Witt, Prof. Otto oN.,
Octomeria fates yy
ruscifolia, 8.
Odontioda 197 Adrastia, 99, 134 ; Adrastus,
134°; Arm speci Peerless, 121; Aspasia,
98, 182; : 4; bell
Brockenhurst, 99; Bradshawie,
Brew 99, 100; Brunette, 91,
Edita. 119, 134; Carmen, 97 ; Chante-
cts 98 ; chelseensis (xX Odontoglossum
opatra
» 340.
densiflora, 8 ;
a A005
188 ;
9 3
crispum), ; Clarissa, 243;
acl 34% "Clot ho, 99; Colmaniz, — :
cago 99; Constance 3393 ney-
a, 164; crispilia, 99 ; Cynt wc Oty 99;
Syininensis 98, 134; Devos 393
Don, 97; Doris, 99, 134 ; Edith Hodgson,
Elsie, 98, 100 ; Euterpe, 87; Eva-M
98 ; Felic cia, 99 ; waite 148, 157;
ingo, 98, 100, 157; Gladys, 99, 117, 119,
132, 134, 149 ; Gloss, 3105 i sagraaameea ny
Latona, 99; Leeana, 100 ; leopardina,
a, 99; Mossiz, 97;
atricia, 85, 87, 99;
Phyllis, 100; ‘Pixie e, 97; Prince of Wales,
; Queen Mary, 100 . Red Cross, 220 :
d An nger, 343 $+.
381
Odontioda—
Red-Riding-Hood, 131, 132, 134 ; - Rolfei,
98; Rossendale, 61, ; Sa nderze, 98 ;
Schroederi, 100; virginale, 222;
Seymouric, Be Sheila, 369; Simone,
8 04, 100°; Stella, 98;
Sultan, ya 134 Sunbeam, 184, 243;
339; V uylsteke-e,
Beauty, 122; Zenobia, 100; Z, Leeana,
148.
Odontiodas, 97, 134.
Odontocidium, 293; Edwardatum,
Fowlerianum, 293 ; Juno, 307
293 >
Odontochilus, 318 ; lanceolatus, 318.
Odontoglossum Adriane, 203, (raised arti-
ficially), 146; Adrieum, 123; ra
Sturdee, 59 5 Agla
ens Queen of Spain
186; ama In; 825
ie ert casi 203, 206; Black Dragon,
1a7 : -Michael, 181 pre toy
273; Cervantesii, 93; C. decorum, 93; C
punctatissim ude O35 °°. geod 7:
Chestertonii, 204 ; Chloe, 372; citrosmum,
_ 282, (a Aer a cL pecirge (blotched),
al oeendy 285,.
I - 2s Oda.
. S
: nly 202 3 ie Leonard P:
28 ; c. leopardinum, 205 ; c. “Mar rion, 201 ;
c. Perfect Gem, 217, 219; ¢. Prince of
Wales, 153; Sybil, 206 ; c. Solum
180; Denisoniz, pe Db, Chestertonii,
; Doris nobilior, 370; Edna,
Edwardii, 22,23; Epicastum, eF Evelyn
ree eximiu um xanthotes, 30, 57 ; F arnesii--
aan ;
ceiteagiegns a2 5
Horsmannii, 63; Hunnewellianum, 203 ;-
4; Invernium, 187 ; ‘
we (Xx
Gdontioda “Charlesworth 246; Rosa-
ind, 184 ; m, 231; Sandhurstianum,
85 : ’Stewartianam, 204, 206 ; Thisbe “
-Thompsonianum,; 56; Thwaitesii, BAls
382 INDEX.
-Odonteglossum—
V.C.; 123 ; Victory, 322, 340 ; V. Gratrixie,
344; Vulture, 30 ; Vulturia, 188 ; Wilcke-
203; W. albens, 203, 205; W.
Chestertonii, 202, 205; W. Pittianum,
206 ; ibyl, 206.
Odette: neds house at Usk, 380, 361.
ontoglossum in Fiji, 130.
Odontoglossums, Fiz, 210; Sia, 299,
367; Pipiomhag hybrids, 203 ; self. etna
tion of, 204; sowing the seeds of, 2
Odomrenih: 293 ; brugensis, a 3393
Charlesworthii, 293; C. owler’s var.,
275; Cholletii, 294; Cleverleyana, 294 ;
Lelia-Sander, 294; Longowoyi, 294 ;
ouise, 294; Lucilia, 294; Magali- |
Sander, 294; McNabiana, 294; or nata,
294; Roger-Sander, — Scylla, 310.
(Edogonium, 198.
(Enothera Lamarckiana, 92.
Oncidioda, 294; Bella, age Bt ath
294; Cooksoniz, 294; arjorie, 294;
Mauricei, ‘de Penelope, a waltonensis,
87,157, 2
“Oncidium, 295 ; bifolium, 66; eerie’:
I m, 56; delumbe, 112; Kramer-
lanum, 16; Lanceanum, 16; Leo ai
lanum, 3; Marshallianum owen dsle
155; McBeanianum, 295; nanum, 30;
Papilio, 16; patulum, BO: —— Lie;
grandiflorum, 112 ; Walue a, 223.
~Oncidiums, 11, 38, 239, 262, 305.
Ophrys Kelleri, 176; olbiensis, 176.
“Orchid Collection, destruction of,
Collections, early, 1
Evolution, 65 3 calnare in Belgium, 69,
akon: Fale ove ey, 134, 293.
~Orchidacezx, 200.
Orchidology and War, 33, 34.
|
Orchids, 200, 232; at Boston, 126; at
Cheltenham, 24; at Kew, 37, 223, 315;
at the Panama Exhibition, 105, 1283 at
he Priory, Usk, 358; autumn-blooming,
353 ; beauty of, 194; botanical, 194, — . |
chara
certificated, 2 ; chalk-lovin mB: 195 ;
penactang of, 65; collectors of, 193; ono,
sowing the seeds of, 23; descent of, 268 ;
|
|
|
|
a
|
Orchids—
diversity of, 194, 2 291; East ety
effect of ‘light on, 63
2 £203;
corati 232; for..cut neneen 72.3 “fh
Warrington, 320; germinating on towel-
ling, 72; importing, 103, 194 ; in Belgie,
33; in Brisbane, 114; in Fiji, 130; in
39, 31s 37
ec ge 250 Dolansky’s, 72
new, 68 ; Philippine, mg polymorphism
of, 194; raising from seed, 66 ; specimens,
of, 1 194; suspe ssp d, 193; watering, ue
white, 322; summer quarters of, 139;
treatment of, eae 222,
Orchis seamen s, 195; Aschersoniana,
- et
207; Braunii, 367, 368 ; dubia, 95%
i oliosa. F: 35
254, (X incarnata), 258, (x 1 baletal zee
(X maculata), 253, (x praetermissa), 253,
(x Habenaria viridis), 253; fusca var.
bifida, 195; f. var. stenoloba, 1953 fi var.
triangularis, 195 ; -_ 12385 hircina,
257; hybrida, 195; incarnata 208,
(purple atte 207 ; sarc ie laritetia,
207 ; latifolia, 207, 208, 306, (x maculata),
latifolio-maculata, 367; maculata,
253, 254, (x latitolia), 254, (x preeter-
missa), 254; M. preecox. 253 ; m. superba,
367; militaris, 195, (X purpurea), 195 ;
m. hybr ; Okellyi,
preetermissa, 207, 208 ; purpureo-militaris,
195 ; sub-purpureo-militaris, 195 ; . su
purpureo- militaris, I
Otopetalum, 3255 een 325, 326.
Our Note Book, 1, 33, 129, 161, 193, 2255
Ovule, 200.
PANGENESIS, 166, $i
Paphinia cristata, 24
Paris Congress on Gebtics, 317.
Peristeria elata, 365
Phaius, 174 ; simulans, 175. :
Phalznopsis, 300 ; amabilis, 255 ;
Rimestadiana, 222, 254 ; intermedia,
266 ;. Rim estadiana, 255; raga 361.
Fhaixnopsis, “Venezuelan,”
335-
Pleurothallis OB st a El 373 ‘ we coccinea,
3363. dlacina, 2235... cata, 32
mppetalum, 326 ; Seach $25. 326 ;
sororia
, | Pollen and mae 168.
Pollen grains, 199.
INDEX.
Pollen tubes, 199, 200.
Pollination, effect of, 200.
Polystachya Hislopii, 68.
PORTRAITS—AERIDES virens, 64.—BRASSO-
CATTLEYA Cliftonii albens, 64, 96; Pink
Pearl,. 32.—-CATILEYA ardy var.
Rutherford, 32:4 ue
manniana Stanleyi, 96; inneri, 32;
Triane Queen Elizabeth, 96.—C@LOGYNE
cristata, ; Veitchii, 64.—CYMBIDIUM
Alexanderi sate s, 64; Coningsbyanum
Brockhurst var., 64; Sc iegole —
var; 96:-— reir num
ey var., 643 nd
Hirt: var, 323
Juno, 96 ; G WV... +32.
DENDROBIUM Bensonie. 32 ; nobile,
32; primuli ; iumph, 96.
EPIDENDRUM elegantulum, 64 ; E
dresii, 64; allisii, 64. —- MORMODES
tigrin 96.—ODONTIODA Latona, 64
96; Patricia, 96.—
citrosmum,
Mirabeau var tack i : Rossii immacu-
Jatum, 64; ssil rosefieldiense, 64.—
aarti Bde , 64; varicosum,
beer 2 2044, 292;
Pritzel’s /comun Pee, 192.
Propagation, 102; asexual, 228; by seed,
Puydt, on Orchids, 65.
RALLI, Mr. Pantia, 63.
Red Cross Fund, 352, 375-
Red Spider, 104.
Reduction division, 167, 227, 228, 229.
Rehder, Mr. Frank, 159.
Reichenbach’s Herbarium, 296.
Renanthera Imschootiana, 90 ; Storiei, 14
~~
Reproductive cells, o
Reversion, 166, 203, 230; a by-product of
rf
sexuality, 230 ; cause of, 228,
phenomena of,
seh Mae fae kha. 336 ; + secunda,
Roll . Honour, 256.
Royal ooupanners Society, 22, 26, 59, 82,
216, 241, 273, 306, 338 3693
Moniek Conse. 287, 289; Certifi-
e of Appreciation, 289; Certificates,
oe, Chelsea Show, 179 ; early meetings,
231; H aad House ow, 225 241,
New Awards, 287; New C ertificate, 289 ;
383
Royal Horticultural Society—
Scientific Committee, 63;
rapes om 289, 308, 321;
Show, 161.
Seedling
Spring
SARCOCHILUS Cecilie, 242.
Scale, 50.
Schizophyta, 195
Schomburgkia
Wallisii, 181.
Schomburgkias, 212.
Seed, 199, 200.
Seed-sowing, 102
Seeds, dispersal of, 200.
Self-fertilisation, 204.
Sexual cells, 16
Sexual reproduction, 196, (origin of), 198,
227,32
canny. 230, (origin of), 198, 227, 230.
Shading, 71, 74, 107, 140, I
Sinclair, Mr. Douglas A., 319.
Thompsoniana, 2233
Slugs, 39.
Sobralia dellensis, 288 ; with two lips, 288.
Sobralias, 54, 335-
Société N ationale d’Horticulture de France,
34 ; German membership ca ancelled, 34.
33)
ebb ae 3 55; —— 341; Iris,
310; Lap Niobe
24
355) 3 a “Olive var, 1473
Orion, 372; 3763 Serbia, 369.
Sophrocattleya - — 7 ; Dorea, 30;
Pearl, 28, 370
56; Sylvia, 277 5 Thmnitenis 184.
Sophro-Lzelio-Cattleya, 355.
Sophronitis, 23 ; grandiflora, 141, 304.
Spathoglottis, 78.
Oe ¢ 1914, 3% hybrid 92; true from
eed : what is a ?,
sperislonbids, 198.
inodora,
saat Ae longifolia, ‘estes 319.
Stippling the roof glass, I
Sypropedium Maudii, 162.
TAINIA barbata, ae a
Temperatures, 139, 2
Thomas, on ree seats, 66.
Thrip, 22, 50, 8
Thrixspermum pai, 106.
Thunias, 76, 173, 300
Trichopilias, 365.
UcanpDa, Flora of, 191.
Ulothrix zonata, 196.
Unicellular plants, 198.
‘Unit-characters, 323.
Utricularia montana, 279.
384
VANDA ccerulescens, 15; luzonica, 14, 15,
106, 137; 353, 371; Marguerite Maron,
237; Sanderiana,15, 310, 361 ; teres, 14;
tricolor, 79
Vandas, 75, 302; terete-leaved, 237
Variation, 291 ; and reversion, 230; rel-
ated, 324; injurious, 290; at ieondery
hybrids, 168 ; of seedlings, 20.
Vasculares, 199.
Vegetative bipartition, 230; reproduction,
196.
Ventilation, 107.
Vriese, Mutation theory, 92.
Vuylstekeara, 295 ; Hyeana, 295 ; ‘insignis,
295.
INDEX.
WALLACE,’ Dr. A. R.,
War and Orchidology, Bs 128; ettects of,
I; items, 270; shor of labour, 319.
War, Horticultural ke, its 242.
Watering, 71, 165
Woodlice, 104.
XYLOBIUM elatum, 247.
ZOOSPORES, 196.
Zygopetalum Ballii, 363; maxillare, 364
Prainianum, 68.
Zygopetalum hybrids, 364.
ygote, 22
BIST: OF «ILLUSTRATIONS. :
Aérides Schreederi 265 | Lelia majalis 233
Anguloa Clowesii 177 | Lycaste Ballize : . ; 88
Barker; Mr. J. T. 41 | Masdevallia rosea a ee
Cattleya Lady-Veitch : 329 | Miltonia Charlesworthii : ; 249
Cattleya fr aeretuinive aibs ; 345 | Neomoorea irrorata bao.
Cattleya triumphan 313 | Odontoglossum Covalliset inirabile 205
Cattleya Victoria-Regini ; 280 | Odontoglossum crispum so 180.
Cattleya Warscewiczii alba. =. —. 272 | Odontoglossum crispum Marion . . 201
Ccelogyne Mooreana - 49 | Odontoglossum crispum Perfect Gem. 217
Cypripedium Fairritanum ai t Bury 337 | Odontoglossum crispum The Angel . 73
Cypripedium Maudize 163 | Odontoglossum Georgius-Rex - 240:
Cypripedium Pri 40 | Odontoglossum prestans 156
Dendrobium Devonianum 113 | Odontoglossum Stewartianum 204.
Dendrobium Harveyanum 120 | Odontoglossum Wilckeanum albens 203.
Disa grandiflo 169 ee Wilckeanum Chester-
Disa kewensis 169 o2
Disa langleyensis 169 Odom ogigsouss fice at The Priory,
Disa Premier . 169 Usk oe:
Disa tripetaloides 169 Orchids at the Pahata Exhibition -s
Disa Veitchii 169 Orchis Braunii . : ; 367, 368
Eulophiella Rlisabahic 145 —— Stoviei : : : «i 1-297
Forget, M. Louis : 281 anda luzonica : TST
Harvey, Mr. F. W. a 305 | ar Suiidasinass Frontispiece
R. W. SIMPSON & CO,, LTD., PRINTERS, RICHMOND AND LONDOM.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11