Skip to main content

Full text of "The Orchid review."

See other formats 


THE ORCHID REVIEW. 


CYCNOCHES MACULATUM 


(showing male and female flowers). 


- OOS 


ed 


LAT 
V.a5 


THA 


ORCHID REVIEW 


An Dilustrated Wlonthly Zournal 


DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGT 


EpITED BY R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. 


VOLUME XXV 


1917 


Kew: 
FRANK LESLIE & CO.,.12 LAWN CRESCENT. 


London Heents : 
MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 24-25 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C, 4 


(All rights reserved. 


& 


TO 
JOSEPH CHARLESWORTH, Esg., 
HEAD OF THE FIRM OF MESSRS. CHARLESWORTH AND CO., 
HAYWARDS HEATH 
(FORMERLY OF HEATON, BRADFORD), 
WHO FOR A PERIOD OF OVER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS 
HAS BEEN 

ONE OF OUR MOST ENTERPRISING AND SUCCESSFUL HYBRIDISTS, 

THIS TWENTY-FIFTH VOLUME OF THE ‘‘ORCHID REVIEW” 


IS MOST CORDIALLY DEDICATED. 


Kew 


December, 1917. 


? 


et i ee le i ls 24) 
< Che Orebid ‘Review ~ 8 
OZ. VOL. XXV. January, 1917. No. 289. S 


Ey OUR. Mere BOOK, Ea 


HE past year has again been overshadowed by the tragedy of a great 
war, and except in the department of the hybridist there is little of 
importance to review, and here, of course, the numerous seedlings that 
have flowered for the first time date from a period before the war. A good 
many have been recorded, and with those of earlier years that have now 
reached their full development, or such of them as have been exhibited, 
have kept our horticultural meetings full of interest. The regular fortnightly 
meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society, with the Chelsea and Holland 
House Shows, have been held as usual, but on a considerably reduced 
scale, and have been well supported by trade exhibitors, while a few 
amateur exhibits have appeared at most of the meetings. The meetings of 
the Manchester Orchid Society have been well supported, and with few 
exceptions there has been a considerable award list throughout the year, as 
may be seen by the monthly reports in our pages. 

The Orchids certificated by the R.H.S. are about as numerous as last 
year, except for a decline in the number. of First-class Certificates from 
twenty-eight to fourteen, these consisting of four Leliocattléyas, three 
Odontoglossums, two each of Sophrocattleya and Brassocatlelia, and one 
each of Cattleya, Odontioda, and Cypripedium. The Awards ot Merit 
number sixty-one, while the new Preliminary Commendation, instituted for 
meritorious seedlings that have not reached the full development, has been 
awarded on fifteen occasions. Ten Cultural Commendations have been 
given, twice aS many as last year, and it may be added that the circum- 
stances have not been favourable for the bringing to the meetings of such 
specimens as are likely to secure this award. The Lindley Medal was 
awarded at the Holland House Show to a magnificent specimen of 
Epidendrum prismatocarpum from the collection of F. M. Ogilvie, Esq. 
It may also be added that the Society's Gold Medal has been awarded to 
five magnificent groups, two staged by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., two by 
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and one by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, the 

1 


2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, I917. 


occasions being the Chelsea and Holland House Shows, and the opening 
and closing meetings of the year. 


Novelties have been practically restricted to hybrids, the only important 
exception being the flowering of Denbrobium Wollastonii, Ridl. (a species 
collected during the recent Wollaston expedition to Dutch New Guinea), in 
the collection of the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, Ashton Wold, Oundle. Its 
history and characters are given at page gI of our last volume. Novelties 
among hybrids have been numerous, especially in the popular Cattleya and 
Odontoglossum groups, with a few Cymbidiums and Cypripediums, these 
for the most part being seedlings resulting from combinations between 
select forms of earlier hybrids or re-crosses with the original species, on 
which lines steady progress is being made. The crossing of albinos is also 
being followed with great success. The merits of the various seedlings will be 
better judged when they reach their full development. An attempt to 
summarise them is quite out of the question, but among the more 
interesting we may mention Odontoglossum armainvillierense memoria 
J. Gurney Fowler, the first hybrid in which the characters of the distinct 
O. crispum solum are well developed, Vuylstekeara Colmaniana, from 
Miltonia Warscewiczii x Odontioda Bradshawie, and Wilsonara insignis, 
from Oncidioda Charlesworthii X Odontoglossum illustrissimum. 

Orchidology suffered a great loss during in the year the death of Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler, long Chairman of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee. 
Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, widow of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, who 
shared her late husband’s love for Orchids, and who had maintained the 
major part of the collection, also passed away, and thus two celebrated 
collections have been dispersed. The Manchester Orchid Society have to 
mourn the loss of Mr. Ziba A. Ward, one of its leading members. A few 
other collections have also been dispersed for various reasons. 


Finally, there is an event that we must not overlook, namely, the 
R.H.S. Red Cross Sale, the proceeds of which were devoted to the 
alleviation of sufferings caused by the war. Among the articles presented 
for sale were a large number of Orchids and books devoted to Orchidology 
which realised a handsome sum for two deserving charities. An account 
of the Sale may be found at pp. 198, 199 of our last volume. 

It is interesting to hear of the development of Orchid culture in other 
lands. Some time ago we heard of an Orchid Society in Siam, and are 
awaiting further information, and now an old correspondent in Trinidad, 
who some time ago returned to a permanent post at Port of Spain, writes 


JANUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3 


that about a year and a half ago he assisted a few others in starting a 
Horticultural Club there, which is going very strong. Quarterly Shows 
are held, and Orchids, both imported and native, are largely exhibited. 
Among its members are Messrs. W. E. Broadway and R. O. Williams, 
both Kew men, and Mr. W. G. Freeman, formerly of the Imperial Institute. 
_ At a recent Show Mr. Potter obtained a first prize for a fine plant of 
Oncidium ampliatum majus, while for a fine specimen of Dendrobium 
superbiens, which was the finest specimen of its kind in the colony, he and 
another Orchid grower were bracketed ‘“‘ first.” A few notes of these 
meetings from time to time would be acceptable. 


ONCIDIUM H#MATOCHILUM.—The figure and history of Oncidium 
hematochilum, Lindl., given at pp. 211, 212 of our last volume, has brought 
us a very interesting letter from Mr. T. J. Potter, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 
who, a good many years ago, discovered that this plant, long supposed to 
be a New Grenadan species, was a native of Trinidad, and further a natural 
hybrid between O. Lanceanum and O. luridum, with which it grows in the 
Cedros district. Mr. Potter succeeded in crossing the two species together, 
and raised a single seedling, which it was hoped would flower and remove the 
last element of doubt in the matter (O.R., vii. p. 273). Mr. Potter now 
writes: ‘‘ Unfortunately my young seedling perished before it flowered, so 
I have not been able yet to establish the fact by what is known in chemistry 
as a confirmatory test, but I have often seen the two varieties, i.e., the one > 
with a large sanguineous blotch on the lip and that with merely a splash 
or touch of crimson on the yellow lip.” We greatly regret to hear of the 
fate of that seedling, not that we have any doubt of the correctness of Mr. 
Potter’s interesting discovery, but because it would have shown what the 
primary hybrid is like, for in the light of subsequent discoveries there is 
the probability that recrossing with the parents also takes place. We hope 
that the experiment will be repeated. It may be interesting to add that 
some years ago Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. obtained an importation of O. 
Lanceanum in which three plants of hcematochilum and examples of O. 
luridum were found (O.R., vii. p. 293).—R.A.R. 

ceeosibilige ec 

SOPHROCATL&LIA Myra.—A promising hybrid, raised by Messrs Flory 
& Black, Slough, from Sophrocatlelia Althea x Leeliocattleya Myra, of 
which the first ower has been sent to us for record. It has an expanse of 
five inches, and has light salmon-rose sepals, with rather more yellow in 
the petals, and the lip is two inches long, with orange-yellow disc, and the 
front lobe and margin of the side lobes carmine, with somewhat deeper 
veining, The flower most resembles the Cattleya type, but the influence 
of the Sophronitis can be traced. It should develop into a good thing. 


4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1917. 


AN ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLEIONE.—Abnormal developments 
among Orchid flowers are common, and their significance, if not their 
actual cause, is well understood, but there is a case of the abnormal develop- 
ment of the pseudobulb in Pleione which remains a puzzle. It was 
recorded by Sir J. D. Hooker (Fl. Brit. Ind., v. p. 840), where, in a note 
under Ccelogyna (Pleione) precox, it is remarked: “A monstrous state 
bears imperfectly developed pseudobulbs crowned with a crinite tuft of 
narrow bulbils, each with two sete.” The remark was chiefly based upon 
a drawing preserved at Kew, itself a copy of a drawing in the Calcutta 
Herbarium, and labelled ‘‘ Pleione, G. King, Sikkim, 6000 feet, Sept., 
1874.” There is also a sheet of dried specimens, collected by Griffith, four 
out of six of which have the curious character above described, while all 
are without flowers. In both cases Sir Joseph Hooker has written 
‘*C, preecox, monstrous state, but a comparison shows that they belong to 
C. humilis, now called Pleione humilis, both the leaves and pseudobulbs 
being quite distinct in the two species. There is also a dried specimen of 
Pleione Hookeriana showing the same condition, this being one of a series 
of specimens collected by Sir Joseph Hooker, in May, 1849, at Lachen, 
Sikkim, on rocks at gooo feet (the others being in bloom). There are thus 
six abnormal specimens, from two different species. The tuft of sete 
mentioned seems to replace the leaf, but the course of its development is 
obscure, though we suspect it to be a gall-growth, due to insect puncture. 
Observations on the spot would be acceptable.—R.A.R. 


CyMBIDIUM Corona.—Raised in the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, 
Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol, from C. Lowianum xX Schlegelii. 
It bears much resemblance to the former, but the sepals and petals are 
slightly streaked with red, and the lip bears a broad crimson-brown 
zone within the margin, and some small spots inside and at the apex of the 
side lobes. Others are in bud, and Mr. Hamilton-Smith expects to see a 
great variation. 

ODoNTOGLossuM SHORTII.—Raised in the collection of G. Short, Esq., 
Liscard, Cheshire, from O. cirrhosum X tigrinum. The flower most 
resembles the former, but is prettily suffused with yellow at the tips and 
margin. Mr. Short remarks that the flower spike has a very graceful appear- 
ance, and the flowers are strongly scented, especially in the early morning. 


Oncipiopa Cora (O. Schlimii X C. Neetzliana).—Raised by Messrs. 
J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, to whom we are indebted for flowers. The 
plant has the general character of the Oncidium parent, exccpt that the 
flqwers are strongly suffused with red. It is very distinct and graceful, 


January, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5 


nn 


| een ence ent eneceeneentnnes 


ES 

ROF. DANIEL OLIVER, F.R.S.—This distinguished botanist, who 
Pp for twenty-five years was Keeper of the Herbarium and Library of the 
Royal Bétanic Gardens, Kew, passed away in his sleep on Thursday, 
December 21st last, in his eight-sixth year. Professor Oliver, who was 
born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1830, commenced his botanical career by 
studying the British flora, and as early as 1847 was a writer on the plants 
of different geological formations. In 1858 he became assistant to Sir 
William Hooker, and some six years later, soon after his election as a 
Fellow of the Royal Society, was appointed Keeper and Librarian, a post 
which he held till his retirement in 1890. For some twenty-six years he 
was also Professor of Botany,at University College, London, in which he 
succeeded Dr. Lindley. Prof. Oliver had an unrivalled knowledge of 
flowering plants, and a considerable knowledge of Orchids, though the 
latter were mostly handed over to Reichenbach, who for many years was a 
correspondent of Kew and an occasional visitor. We recall, however, that 
Oliver was the author of the remarkable Eria extinctoria (Bot. Mag., t 
5910), which Lindley had referred to Dendrobium. Of a quiet and retiring 
disposition, Prof. Oliver gained the affection and esteem of all his colleagues 
by his zeal and kindliness. His services to botany were recognised by the 
award of the Royal Medal in 1884, and the Gold Medal of the Linnean 
Society in 1893. He was interred at the Friends Burial Ground, Isleworth, 
on December 24th. 


OBITUARY. 


AN OrcHip ROCKERY IN TRINIDAD.—An interesting experiment is being 
carried out in the Royal Botanic Garden, Port of Spain, Trinidad, as we 
learn from Mr. R. O. Williams, who left Kew a few months ago to take up 
an appointment there. Mr. Williams remarks: ‘‘ The Orchid collection is 
fairly representative of the native species, but it is not very rich in the 
introduced ones, Just lately we have been felling a number of trees, and 
the logs from them we have utilised to form a kind of rockery, over which 
we have planted our spare Orchids, such as Dendrobium moschatum, 
Vanda teres, Aérides, Oncidiums, &c. Some of the logs had Orchids 
growing on them, so it was only necessary to lay these in position. The 
flat dells we are planting with such things as Adiantums, Selaginellas, 
Begonias, &c. It is quite a novelty, and the people here are getting 
interested. It should look rather nice when the Orchids begin to flower. 
The whole place is partially shaded with such trees as Theobroma bicolor 
and T. angustifolia (wild Cocoa), so that the Orchids should not suffer 
much in the dry season,” ; 


6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANuARY, 1907. 


aay 
@Qor il 


T page 270 of the Orchid Review for November last it is recorded that 
Cattleya Mantinii x C. Hardyana, has produced the white sepelled 
and petalled C. Corona alba, and it is remarked that if the C. Hardyana 
used was not the albino form, then C. Corona alba would show how white 
forms may sometimes arise. In November, 1912, I stated: ‘‘ My 
experience teaches me that whites can be built up from purple on the one 
side and yellow on the other,” and I gave a number of examples. This 
experience has found echo in many other collections, and they have been 
recorded. Arising out of this case you open up (p. 257) a very interesting 
discussion upon Mendelism and its relation (or want of it) to hybrid Orchids, 
and more particularly the question as to why C. Dowiana aurea does not 
transmit the yellow of its sepals and petals to its immediate offspring. 

Before dealing with the two points raised I should like to say that I have 
not found the study of the Mendelian theory of the slightest use when 
applied to Orchids. It may lead to a very interesting analysis, but such 
analysis is useful only in so far as the result provides material for building 
up something. It must be remembered that Mendelian analysis is 
quantitative as well as qualitative, and the analysis of sweet peas is a simple 
matter when compared with the analysis of complicated hybrid Orchids, of 
the first, second, and third generations. The aims of the hybridist are very 
high, for not only does he want flowers of a pre-determined colour; but he 
also wants healthy, vigorous, floriferous plants, with large flowers, of good 
shape and substance. The complications are enormous. One can scarcely 
conceive that it was originally intended that the Mendelian theory should 
cover all these complicated requirements, or be expected to analyse them 
quantitatively as well as qualitatively. 

What, then, is there to guide the Hybridist in his effort to obtain a 
desired colour? The study is a fascinating one, but at the same time very 
difficult. Only very broad lines can be laid down, and these may not be 
absolutely reliable, for the range of one’s personal experience is apt to be 
limited, and if one goes outside this, it is an unfortunate fact that records 
as to colour are not always reliable. 

One ought not to be surprised that C. Mantinii x Hardyana has 
produced a flower with white sepals and petals; in fact, in the light of all 
the previous records, it would have been surprising if it had not done so. 
But that anyone should be able to say what the exact proportion of whites 
there will be to coloured is outside the range of practical experience. 
Many Hypbridists can, from their experience, tell what the “chances” are 


Reces| ALBINISM AND COLOUR IN ORCHIDS. 


JANUARY, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7 


of certain colours turning up, but nothing in the way of certainty. 
Hybridising is largely a matter of chance. One does his best, but the 
result is on the lap of the gods. The further one gets away from the 
species the more likely one is to raise a large proportion of rubbish. 

Although the combination of purple and yellow has a well-known 
tendency to make white, it would be very instructive to know why this 
result is postponed to the second generation. C. Dowiana aurea crossed 
with a purple species gives purple in the resulting hybrid, for example :— 

C. D. aurea X C. labiata gives the purple C. Fabia. 

- +9) C. Mendelii * ms C. Octave-Doin. 
oe ciate eercivaliana ,, sine, CE Oe ate 
», C. Warscewiczii (gigas) ,, C. Hardyana. 

Cites these resulting purple hybrids again with C. Dowiana aurea, and 
the “chances” are that some flowers with white sepals and petals will 
appear :— 

C. D. aurea X C. Fabia gives many with white sepals and petals. 

3 » C. Hardyana ,, ee a 
bs », C. Peetersii ,, 
(Note.—The above are a C. D. es 
C. Fabia. x C. Rubens gives many with white sepals and petals. 
C. Hardyana X C. Mantinii produced C. Corona alba. 
(Note.—The above are 4 C. D. aurea). 

If, however, the C. D. aurea is crossed with a yellow flower the 
“‘ chances ”’ are that the yellow of the sepals and petals will remain. 

C. D. aurea X Lelia xanthina makes the yellow Leliocattleya Ophir. 
» » tenebrosa Walton Grange var. ,, » Le. luminosa aurea. 
- Le. Ophir do. 7 7 Lc. Thyone. 

pee in the next generation— 

Brassocattleya Leemaniz xX Lc. Ophir gives Bc. Baroness Schréder. 

This postponement to the second generation of the combination of 
purple and yellow making towards white, may be due to the power which 
one colour has over another with which it is. blended. If one wishes to 


9) 33 


9? 


obtain green for a water-colour drawing, it would not be sufficient to mix 
equal quantities of blue and yellow, for blue is a much more powerful 
pigment, and more yellow must be used. 

This powerful influence of one colour over another is experienced in 
hybridising Orchids. Cochlioda Neetzliana and, in a lesser degree, 
Sophronitis grandiflora are good examples of this. It may, therefore, well 
be that a single dose of yellow is not sufficient in all cases to produce 
whites, whilst in the other cases a second generation must be passed 
through. Before one can approximately guess at the colour which will be 
borne by the flowers on a hybrid plant, large experience of this “ powerful 


8 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 1919, 


influence” or dominance of colour is necessary. This dominance seems to 
follow fairly consistent lines, though the evidence which I have is not 
sufficient to be able to make dogmatic assertions. 

My experience is that the union of similar colours gives constant results. 
White X white produces white; red x red produces red, and yellow xX 
yellow produces yellow, of all of which numerous examples could be given. 
But the union of different colours is erratic. Red x white produced 
cherry-red in the case of Sophronitis grandiflora x Cattleya labiata R. I. 
Measures’ var., namely, Sophrocattleya Wellesleyz Perfecta. Yellow xX 
red produced red in the case of S. grandiflora x C. Dowiana aurea, 
namely, Sc. Doris; but when this was carried to the second generation red 
x yellow produced yellow, the example being C. Dowiana aurea X Sc. 
Doris, giving Sc. Dorea. 

It will, of course, be understood that these colours refer only to the 
sepals and petals. And in reading these remarks there is a stipulation as 
to purity that I must make, namely :— ; fen 

(a) The white must be white,. and not a so-called-white produced from 
a batch of otherwise coloured seedlings, unless it has proved itself a fixed 
white by having been bred from true. I raised-a batch of seedlings, many 
of which are still ‘called “alba” by other people, but there never was, so 
far as I am aware, a'true alba, or even albino, in the whole batch. 

(0) The red must be. red. Sophronitis grandiflora is looked upon by 
some as bearing a red flower, but the colour varies in different plants, from 
a brick red, through varying shades to purple red. This purple comes out, 


and is even intensified, in some of the Sophrocattleya hybrids: I do not. 


include these purples in “red.” | ) , 

(c) The yellow. must be yellow. Cattleya Dowiana is sometimes 
confused with C. D. aurea. The one will not give the same result as the 
other. The yellow Lelia Cowanii and L. xanthina seem more likely to 
give satisfactory results as regards colour. 

From the examples given it will- be seen that my experience is so 
limited as to be no more than a basis for hope that the right track has been 
struck. Others may have examples which will either confirm or contradict 
my experience. I may conclude with the remarks that after twenty years’ 
deep interest in, and latterly very careful study of colour in relation to 
Orchids, my conclusion is, “ There is no royal road to success.” With all 
the care that one can give, and when all is done in the way of careful 
selection, the best that one can hope for in the way of “ success”’ is a small 
percentage. But the rejoicing over the successes greatly outweigh the 
disappointments. Nature is fickle, and Mendelism will never coerce her 


in Orchids. RIcupb. G. THWAITES. 
Streatham. 


JANUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9 


© 
ge genus Angreecum contains a number of very distinct and graceful 
species, characterised for the most part by the pure white flowers and 


ANGRAECUM BILOBUM. 


the elongated spur ofthe lip. A form of A. bilobum is shown in the annexed 
figure, which represents a plant in the collection of J. J. Neale, Esq., of 
Penarth, and is reproduced from a photograph taken in September last by 
Miss Muriel Neale. The plant is said to have been sent from British East 
Africa or Uganda, and is grown ina fairly warm house. A. bilobum originally 
flowered in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, Hackney, in 1840, and was 
described and afterwards figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg., 1840, Misc. p. 69; 
1841, t. 35). The original plant came from Cape Coast Castle, but the species 


Fig. 1. ANGR#CUM BILOBUM. 


has since been collected in other localities in West Africa. A. apiculatum, 
Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4159, is regarded as a form of the same. Some forty 
years later a plant sent from Zanzibar by Sir John Kirk was described as 
A. bilobum, var. Kirkii, Rchb. f., but this is characterised by the very 
narrow leaves and few-flowered scapes, as may be seen in the Orchid Album, 
figure (iv. t. 162). It is now known as A. Kirkii, Rolfe. The present one 
is nearer to the original A. bilobum, and represents an interesting extension 
of its geographical area. There are other western species that extend 
through the forest region to Uganda, and among them the remarkable A. 
infundibulare, Lindl. A. bilobum is rather rare in cultivation at the 


40 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (January, 1917. 


present time, and it may be added that there are several nearly alice 
species which are only known from dried specimens or descriptions. Some 
of these are natives of Eastern Africa. 

ANGR2CUM SANDERIANUM (fig. 2) is another very graceful species, which 
is characterised by its long, compact racemes of pure white flowers, and the 
rather shorter spur of the lip. It is a native of the Comoro Islands, where 
it was discovered by M. Leon tumblot, who sent it to Messrs. Sander, St. 
Albans, where it flowered in 1888, and was described by Reichenbach 


Fig. 2. ANGR#&CUM SANDERIANUM. 


(Gard. Chron., 1888, i. p. 168). It is probably the geographical repre- 
sentative of the Madagascar A. modestum, Hook. f., to which it bears 4 
considerable resemblance. The plant figured flowered in the collection of 
G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow, and was grown in a small pan, 


suspended from the roof of the Warm house. The leaves bear a certain — 


resemblance to those of A. bilobum, but the inflorescence and flowers are 
very different. The plant is evidently very vigorous, and the numerous 
strong aérial roots will be noticed. 


It is a very graceful plant, and 
deserving of more extended culture. 


JANUARY, 1917.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. IT 


ANGR&ECUM HYALOIDES (fig. 3) is a very dwarf and _floriferous 
Madagascar species, whose general character is well shown in the figure, 
which represents a plant that flowered in the collection of the late Frau 
Ida Brandt, Zurich. The species was introduced by Messrs. James Veitch 
& Sons, it is believed through Mr. C. Curtis, and was described in 1880 
-{Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1880, i. p. 264). The photograph, it will be 
noticed, was taken from above. The leaves are broad, and the short scapes 
bear numerous small white flowers, with a rather short spur. The plant 
was originally compared with a miniature A. citratym, and it is interesting 


Fig. 3. ANGkASCUM HYALOIDES. 


to note that Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., who afterwards imported it and a 
lot of A. citratum, found in the importation a plant combining the 
character of the two species, which was described as A. primulinum, Rolfe 
(Gard. Chron., 1890, i. p. 388). This fact affords a clue to the habitat of 
A. hyaloides, which has now become very rare in cultivation. 

The species of Angrezcum have become rather numerous, and a good 
many of them have appeared in cultivation at different times, but there 
must be an equal number that are only known from dried specimens. They 
vary greatly in habit, some having dwarf and others elongated, climbing 


i THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 19172) 


stems, while the foliage is even more variable, and a few of them are quite — 
leafless. The flowers are very diverse in shape and size, and the colour is — 


mostly white, but in a few cases light green, yellow and buff. 
N your article on Hybrids of Cattleya Bowringiana (O.R., xxiv. pp. — 
237-239) you do not include the hybrids with the short-bulbed ~ 
Epidendrums. Of these I have two. C. Bowringiana xX E. advena 
(Godseffianum) is called Epicattleya adboa, and the flower in shape is like — 
the Epidendrum parent, but the segments broadened out, and the colour — 
most like the Cattleya. It has an elongated barrel-shaped stem. C. 
Bowringiana X E. plicatum, is called Ec. plicaboa, and is similar in the — 
stem, and blooms every year, producing long scapes of handsome, magenta- — 
crimson flowers. C. Bowringiana X Lelia Perrinii, called Lzliocattleya — 
boarina, makes a good floriferous hybrid, in some cases favouring the — 
parent, in others more like the Cattleya. Among secondary hybrids I — 
have Cattleya melodboa (C. Bowringiana x Claesiana); C. ammeboa — 
(Bowringiana X interglossa); C. Lodillboa (Bowringiana xX Daphne); 
Leliocattleya leobroboa (C. Bowringiana X Le. Issy); Lc. crismoloboa ' 
(C. Bowringiana X Lc. leucoglossa) ; Lc. purleoboa (C. Bowringiana X 
Lc. elegans, and others, supposed to be C. Bowringiana X mollis, &c., but — 
the labels are lost and the parentage too complicated to trace from the — 
flowers. 


CATTLEYA BOWRINGIANA AND ITS HYBRIDS. 


As to the names, I invented a system of naming these complicated. . 
hybrids so as to recognise them for hybridising purposes without too great — 
astrainon the memory. The system consists in representing each species — 
by one syllable or part of a syllable of its name, and combining them, 
adding a vowel if needed for euphony. Thus Bowringiana is represented — 
by boa, and among primary hybrids we get Ec. adboa with E. advena; 
Ec. plicaboa with E. plicatum, and Lec. boarina with L. Perrinii, while 
among secondary hybrids it is also the specific composition that is repre- — 
sented, and this may be expressed as follows :— 

C. MELODBOA (Bowringiana x Claesiana), representing C. intermedia, 
Loddigesii and Bowringiana. 

C. AMMEBOA (Bowringiana x interglossa), representing amethystoglossa,. 
intermedia and Bowringiana. 

C. LopiLsoa (Bowringiana x Daphne), representing C. Loddigesii,. 
Schilleriana and Bowringiana. 

Lc. LEoBRoBoA (C. Bowringiana x Le. Issy), representing L. tenebrosa, 
C. Leopoldii and C. Bowringiana. : 


January, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13 


Lc. CRISMOLOBOA (C. Bowringiana X Lc. leucoglossa), representing L. 
crispa, C. Mossiz, Loddigesii and Bowringiana. 

Lc. puRLEoBoa (C. Bowringiana X Le. elegans), representing L. 
purpurata, C. Leopoldii and C. Bowringiana. 

The system has the advantage of sidestepping all rules of priority for 
hybrids, and is equivalent to a universally recognisable ‘‘ vernacular” 
name for each hybrid, while at the same time the hybrid retains its 
commemorative or other name (if it has one) for use on all occasions of 
solemn botanical pomp and ceremony. : T. L. MEAD. 

Oviedo, Florida. 


py i. Tc. BARKER, The West Hilt Garceas, 
Hess rks 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY. | 
le; “Ee Yo 


HE advent of a new year brings its renewed cycle of cultural routine, 
and both the enthusiastic amateur and the professional grower will 
be making the necessary preparations. Things are abnormal at present, 
owing to the existing world strife, but we may hope for an early return to 
peaceful conditions, which, I am convinced, will give a great impetus to all 
phases of horticulture, and bring many accessions to the ranks of Orchid 
culture. An enormous change has taken place in the popularity of Orchids 
during the last quarter of a century, as the pages of the Orchid Review 
can testify, and new accessions to the cult are always welcomed, for it is 
from such beginnings that our largest collections of to-day have developed. 
The Review has contributed largely to this growing popularity, both in 
stimulating experiment and in recording so thoroughly the course of events. 
Its influence. has always been on the side of progress. This little 
appreciation from an old reader is, I hope, permissible on the Review com- 
mencing its twenty-fifth volume. May its influence continue to increase. 

For the benefit of new readers, amateurs and beginners in Orchid 
culture in particular, I will give the most suitable temperatures for the 
different departments. They are as follows :— 

Cool house: Day, 50° to 55°; with sun, 60°; night, 50°. 

Intermediate house: Day, 60° to 65°; with sun, 66° ; night, 57° to 60°. 

Cattleya and Mexican house: Day, 60° to 65°; with sun, 68° ; 
night, 58°. 

East Indian house: day, 65° to 70° ; with sun, 75° ; night, 65°. 

These figures are only given as a guide, as no harm will accrue from 
slight variations either way, but severe fluctuations may be the means of 
much harm. 

In large establishments there are often houses that are kept at 
temperatures a little higher, or lower than the figures given, hence the 


14 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 1917. 


greater advantages enjoyed by the large grower. The small grower in : 
many cases also suffers from the smallness of his houses, as small houses — 
fluctuate more quickly than those of larger size. 

The work of the present month consists chiefly in maintaining the — 
proper temperatures, providing suitable atmospheric conditions, and the 
cleansing of the plants and houses, so that when the growing season comes — 
round everything can start without any impediment. For the present, 
everything should be kept as quiet as possible, no attempt being made to. 
push plants into growth or flower, as premature growth is weak and ~ 
unsatisfactory. 


VENTILATION.—At this season some discretion must be used in the | 
admission of fresh air, and this must be done by some means every day, aS 
a stagnant atmosphere is most injurious. The observant cultivator will : | 
soon find the difference between a badly ventilated and a judiciously 
ventilated house, not only by his own personal comfort, but in the health 
and vigour of his plants. It is astonishing what can be accomplished by 
opening a single ventilator for the space of half an hour or so during the - 
day, if only one or two inches. Of course the different houses vary | 
considerably in their requirements, so no definite rule can be laid down, _ 
and draughts must be avoided at all costs. To those who do not succeed 
exactly as they would like, I would urge a closer study of the atmospheric 
conditions in their houses. ; 

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE is another essential that must be regulated 
according to the outside conditions, and the amount of heat. in the 
respective houses. Should the outside conditions be clear or bright, Om 
should it have been necessary to use much fire heat, owing to frost, more — 
moisture is required than when the outside atmosphere is heavily charged 4 
with moisture. The great thing to avoid at all times isa heavily-saturated — : 


WaATERIN 


G.—At this season the greatest care must be taken in wateri0 
the plants. 


Many will be at rest, and these only require sufficient water to 
keep them from shrivelling; others will be growing, and require water — 
whenever they become dry. A recognition of this difference is one of the — 
great secrets of successful cultivation. : 
Too much water is as bad as too little, both — j 
dangerous, though the second is the lesser of two evils. ie 
the same consideration was given to the application of water as is given in 
making up the compost, much better results would be obtained. A safe 


extremes being 


JANUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15 


rule is to keep the plants rather on the dry side until growth or root action 
commences, trusting principally to the humidity in the atmosphere to bring 
them safely through the winter months. 

OpoNTOGLOssUMS will be in all stages ; some in fall growth, others just 
starting, whilst some will be pushing up their flower spikes. The latter 
should be carefully and neatly staked as they attain sufficient length. 
They are best placed by themselves, so that they can be examined from 
time to time for slugs, which devour the spikes and do irreparable harm. 
Small or weakly plants should have their spikes removed as soon as they 
are observed, as these plants should not be allowed to bloom until they get 
fairly strong. Until then one or two flowers are sufficient to show their 
merits. I do not advocate potting during the present month, but should 
any that require it reach the desired stage, namely, the pushing of new 
roots, there is no reason why it should not be done, using a clean fibrous 
compost and sphagnum moss in equal parts. Newly potted plants at this 
season must be watered with extreme care. 

Decipuous CALANTHES.—As these useful Orchids pass out of flower 
they should be placed in a light position to rest. Immediately the spikes 
are cut water should be entirely withheld from the roots, so that the 
ps2udobulbs may thoroughly mature. Resting is of the greatest import- 
ance, as their future welfare depends entirely upon it. The late-flowering 
section must be treated in precisely the same manner as C. vestita was 
before opening its flowers. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—In a representative collection there is always 
something in bloom, either species or hybrid, but the present month is the 
quietest in the whole year for these beautiful plants. Examples of 
Cattleya Percivaliana and C. Trianz, with some of their hybrids, will 
develop their flowers, and will be most acceptable. Some of the hybrids of 
Brassavola Digbyana are nearly always with us, and if only one or two are 
in bloom they are always welcome. 

L2LIA ANCEPS and its varieties are now flowering freely, and make a 
most attractive display. They are useful for any decorative work, and are 
most acceptable at this season. After flowering, the plants should be kept 
moderately dry until new roots are observed to be pushing from the 
rhizome, when any necessary repotting may be undertaken. 

Mitronias of the vexillaria section will now be growing strongly, and 
may have water whenever they require it, taking care that the compost 
becomes dry between each operation. Watch carefully for thrip, which is 
very partial to these plants, especially if grown too warm, and should it 
once get a foothold it is most difficult to eradicate. Fumigating at 
intervals as a preventive is the safest and surest means to adopt. The 
species and hybrids of the Brazilian section which include such well-known 


16 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1917. 


kinds as M. spectabilis and its variety Moreliana, should be examined to 
see if any of the plants are in need of more pot room, as the present is the 
best season to repot them. The whole of these Miltonias thrive satis- 
factorily in a shady part of the Intermediate house, and appreciate light at 
this season, but during the summer months direct sunshine is detrimental 
to their growth. For sometime after repotting water must be given with 
great care, as the young growths are liable to decay if too much is given 
until they are thoroughly re-established. A compost of equal portions 
of osmunda and Ar fibres, with a little sphagnum moss, answers their 
requirements. This material should be placed firmly around the rhizome 
of the plants. 

C@LOGYNE CRISTATA and its varieties are now pushing up their flower 
spikes at the cool end of the Intermediate house, and must have water 
applied to them whenever they become dry. C. Mooreana is a valuable 
addition which flowers at this season, and, when better known, should find 
a place in most collections. It is easy to grow if treated much in the same 
way as C. cristata, but prefers the warm end of the Intermediate house. 
Like many of the other species of this genus it likes a moderately-shaded 
position. C. pandurata, C. Massangeana, and others must have water 
according to their condition, those at rest requiring little, whilst those 
pushing up flower spikes or in growth must have water whenever the 
compost becomes dry. 

DENDROBIUMS.—Plants that are resting in a house that is kept at a 
temperature of about 55° should not be allowed to shrivel for want of 
water, just sufficient should be given to keep them plump. If early flowers 
are required, those plants which have their flower buds well advanced may 
be placed in a light position in slightly warmer quarters, but no undue 
forcing should be attempted, or the plants will rush into premature growth 
and the whole crop of flowers may be lost. 

ZYGOPETALUMS.—Such plants as Z. Mackayi, Z. crinitum, and others 
of this section should be repotted, if necessary, as they pass out of flower. 
The roots of the different species and hybrids vary to a considerable extent, 
some making large succulent roots, others of a thinner and more wiry 
nature. Those with large Cattleya-like roots may have larger receptacles 
than the others. The strong growers may also have a more substantial 
material to root in. Fibrous loam, osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss, in 
equal Proportions, cut up according to the size of the plants and well mixed 
together, will form a suitable compost. In the more delicate growers, the 
loam fibre may be reduced. : 
cca ee good supply of the necessary potting material 

prepared as far as possible, so that when the busy 
potting season comes round everything is at hand. 


January, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17 


\¢ CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA IN AUSTRALIA. ¢| 


HE annexed figure represents a fine specimen of Cattleya Lawrenceana 
grown in the collection of E. Baxter Cox, Esq., of Adelaide, South 
Australia, and is reproduced from a photograph kindly sent through Messrs. 
Sander & Sons, St. Albans. It consists of two plants potted together, and 
Mr. Cox remarks that there are thirteen leads, sixty-five bulbs, and nine 
spikes, the two best with five flowers each. At the time the photograph 
was taken two spikes of four buds each had only just pushed through their 
sheaf. Owing to the compost having got into bad condition, the plant was 


~~ 


Fig. 4. CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA. 


potted in midwinter, when new roots were pushing out, and just before the 
spikes started, this giving a check, so that four of the sheaths did not push 
their spikes at all, which reduced the quantity of bloom. C. Lawrenceana is 
anative of Mt. Roraima, in British Guiana, where it was discovered by Sir 
Robert Schomburgk over seventy years ago, though he mistook it for C. 
Mossiz, and it was only when re-discovered by Siedel some forty years later, 
when collecting for Messrs. Sander, that its distinctness was recognised. 
Soon afterwards it was described by Reichenbach, being dedicated to Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, President of the Royal Horticultural Society. It isa 


very handsome and floriferous species. 


18 THE ORCHID REVIEW [ JANUARY, 1917. 


@| SOCIETIES. &| 


; RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall 
on November 21st, 1916, and brought together a fair display of 
Orchids, the awards consisting of four Awards of Merit and five medals. 

Orchid Committee present:—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, 
Arthur Dye, J. E. -Shill; C. H. Curtis, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J. 
Charlesworth, Walter Cobb, A. McBean, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, 
R. G. Thwaites, J. Wilson Potter, Stuart H. Low, and R. A. Rolfe. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CATTLEYA CLAESIANA ALBA ORCHIDHURST vAR. (Loddigesii alba X 
intermedia alba).—A charming albino, having well-shaped flowers of 
moderate size, and the disc of the lip light yellow. Exhibited by Messrs. 
Armstrong & Brown. 

CATTLEYA Monastir (Freya var. Mrs. Fred. Sassoon x Dowiana 
aurea).—A well-shaped and richly-coloured hybrid, having rose-purple sepals 
and petals, and a broad, open, ruby-red lip, lined with yellow at the base. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

CyYPRIPEDIUM MADAME ALBERT FEVRIER CHARDWAR VAR. (Germaine 
Opoix X insigne Harefield Hall var.).—A handsomely blotched hybrid, 
most like the former in general character, and having a circular, yellowish 
green dorsal sepal, margined with white, and with rows of claret red spots, 
the petals tinged with mahogany red and spotted with purple-brown below, 
and the lip mahogany red in front. Exhibited by G. F. Moore, Esq.; 
Bourton-on-the Water (gr. Mr. W. H. Page). 

L#LIOCATTLEYA SOULANGE BRYNDIR VAR. (Lc. Lustre x C. Dowiana 
aurea).—A handsome variety, most like the former in general shape, and 
having broad, rose-coloured sepals and petals, with an underlying shade of 
yellow, and a purple-crimson lip with yellow veining on the basal half. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black. 

GENERAL EXHIBITs. 

G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Leigh Woods, Bristol (gr. Mr. Coningsby), 
showed Cymbidium Castor var. aureum (Woodhamsianum xX insigne), 
having large, light cream yellow sepals and petals, tinged with rose, and a 
zone of red-purple blotches on the lip. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group, 
including Cattleya Saturn alba and other white Cattleyas, Sophrocattleya 
Cassiope (Sc. Chamberlainii x C. Chamberlainiana), with well-shaped 
rosy flowers, Cypripedium Daisy Barclay, Lzliocattleya Aries (Lc. Henry- 


JANUARY, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19 


Greenwood x C. Warscewiczii), Brassocattleya Leemaniz, and several 
promising seedling Odontoglossums (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, 
~ in which Leeliocattleyas, chiefly consisting of Lc. Salonica, Britannia, St. 
Gothard, and Serbia made a fine display, with Lc. Mita (C. Fabia x Le. 
Golden-Oriole), a promising bronzy orange hybrid with ruby red lip, 
Brassocattleya Thompsonii (Bc. Veitchii X C. Gaskelliana alba), having 
white flowers with a yellow disc to the lip, two distinct and pretty forms of 
Odontioda Royal-Gem, and others (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a choice group, in which 
we noted a fine Leliocattleya Queen-Alexandra (Lc. Bella x C. Trianz), 
Lc. Thyone, Cattleya Brenda (Gaskelliana alba x Dusseldorfii Undine), 
C. Valeria (Rhoda x Portia), C. Fabiata, a richly-coloured Sophrocattleya 
Doris, two good Dendrobium Dearei, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, 
Oncidioda Cora (Cochlioda Neetzliana X Oncidium Schlimii), an interesting 
hybrid most resembling the latter parent in general character but the 
flowers red, and other good things (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group of well- 
bloomed Cypripediums, including C. Dreadnought, C. Moonbeam, C. 
Thalia Messrs. Francis Wellesley, C. Gaston Bultel, and other Fairrie- 
anum crosses (Silver Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Sander & Sons,, showed a good group, in which hybrid 
Cattleyas were the leading feature, these including good forms of C. Fabia 
and var. alba, C. Katie, C. Prince-John with pale yellow sepals and petals 
and much yellow on the lip, the rare C. Walkeriana, the richly-coloured 
Vuylstekeara insigne (Cochlioda Noetzliana X Odontonia Lairessez), Eria 
rhynchostyloides, Restrepia striata, and Bulbophyllum miram (Silver 
Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good form of Sophrocattleya 
Chamberlainii, and Leeliocattleya Monastir (Lc. callistoglossa x C. 
Pittiana), the flower being of good shape, with bronzy yellow sepals and 
petals, and the front of the lip cherry red. 

Mr. C. F. Walters, Balcombe, showed Leliocattleya Harclon (C. 
Harrisoniana X Lc. Clonia), a bright rose-coloured flower, and Cattleya 
Lady-Crossley (intermedia alba X Gaskelliana alba). 


The meeting held on December 6th was distinguished by the award of 
a Gold Medal to a magnificent group staged by Messrs. Armstrong & 
Brown, while three other medals, three Awards of Merit, and two 
Preliminary Commendations were also given. 

Orchid Committee present :—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, C. J. Lucas, 


-20 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ JANUARY, 1917 


‘W. H. White, Arthur Dye, C. H. Curtis, J. E. Shill, J. Cypher, Walter 
Cobb, T. Armstrong, Pantia Ralli, Sir Harry J. Veitch, R. Brooman 
White, F. J. Hanbury, and R. A. Rolfe. 

Frrst-CLass CERTIFICATE. 

BRASSOCATLELIA THE BARONESS ORCHIDHURST VAR. (Bc. Leemaniz X 
Le. Ophir).—A magnificent variety, having very broad citron-yellow sepals 
-and petals of great substance, with a paler, strongly undulate lip, lined 
below with light rose. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CYPRIPEDIUM JOHN CYPHER (Fairrieanum X aureum Surprise).—A fine 
variety, bearing light yellow flowers of good shape, the dorsal sepal lined 
with green and margined with white, and the petals and lip tinged with rose. 
Exhibited by R. Windsor Rickards, Esq. 

CyprIPEDIUM CHARDWAR (Hera Euryades X ?).—A fine hybrid, having 
a large white dorsal sepal, with green base and numerous chocolate 
blotches, and the petals and lip suffused and marked with purple brown on 
a honey-yellow ground. Exhibited by R. Windsor Rickards, Esq. 

L@LIOcATTLEYA Lorna (Lc. Wrigleyi x C. labiata).—A striking hybrid, 
in which the characters of Lelia anceps are well marked, the scape being 
somewhat elongated, and the sepals and petals rosy lilac in colour, 
with the expanded lip purple in front. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black. 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. 

OpONTIODA MADELINE VAR. BLacK Prince (Oda. Charlesworthii x 
Odm. crispum).—A promising variety, the flower being of good shape, and 
the colour dark ruby red, somewhat lighter at the base of the segments. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

OpONTOGLossuM Doris ORCHIDHURST VAR. (Ossulstonii x crispum). 
—A finely-shaped flower, heavily blotched with claret-red on the lower two- 
thirds of the segments, the ground colour and margin being white. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, Monmouth, staged a group of 
about three-dozen well-grown Cypripediums, to which a Silver Flora Medal 
was awarded. It contained C. Arthurianum Usk Priory var., C. Swallow- 
tail var. Bassano, a very dark Fairrieanum hybrid, C. Lord-Wolmer 
Westonbirt var., C. Pyramus splendens, C. Curlew (Beryl x Fairrieanum), 
€. Mrs. Rickards, C. Lucifer, Ernest Read, Cyclops, and others. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton, sent Leliocattleya Serbia 
Bryndir var., a very handsome form. 

Ernest Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addlestone, showed the bright 
yellow Leliocattleya Thyone var. Goldone.: 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. 


JANUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 20 


Shill), sent three promising hybrids raised in the collection, Sophrocattleya: 
Delta (C. Fabia X Sc. Doris), Cypripedium Mrs. de Laszlo (Beeckmanii: 
X Germaine Opoix), most like the former, and having an emerald green, 
heavily blotched dorsal sepal with white margin, and richly-coloured sepals: 
and petals, and C. Vesuvius (fulshawense X Beeckmanii). 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a magnificent 
group of Orchids, with a frontage of about forty feet, to which a Gold: 
Medal was awarded. The leading feature was a series of over sixty plants 
of the beautiful Cattleya Maggie-Raphael var. alba, having white sepals. 
and petals and a coloured lip, a few of them being exceptionally fine. We 
noted also several examples of C. Moira, C. Venus Queen of Yellows, 
Brassocattleya Mars, a pretty hybrid between Cypripedium glaucophyllum 
and X Curtisii, C. Bassano X Fairrieanum, C. Niobe, and many other 
good things, with a number of promising seedling Odontiodas and Odonto- 
glossums in the centre. The plants were well grown and very tastefully 
arranged, forming an altogether excellent exhibit. 

(To be concluded.) 
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November™ 
26th, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme - 
(in the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven: 
Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, W. Gilden, A. R. 
Handley, A. Hanmer, F. Houghton, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackle- 
ton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum Mars (parentage unknown), a flower of good form and 
shape, four inches across, of solid deep claret colour with white margin (a 
Silver Medal was also awarded), and O. crispum xanthotes Rayon d’Or, 
pure white, well marked with spots of primrose yellow, and the lip almost 
all yellow; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cypripedium Acteus ashlandense No. 3 (Lord Ossulston x Leeanum 
Clinkaberryanum), a well-set flower, with large white dorsal, and the green: 
base faintly spotted ; from P. Smith, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cattleya Alcimedia Snowstorm (labiata alba X Gaskelliana alba) ; C. 
Moira var. rubra (Fabia X Mantinii); Brassocattleya Nestor var. Brilliant 
(Bc. Maroniz xX C. labiata), and Odontoglossum Lambeauianim_ var. 
Torchlight ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Britannia and Sophrocattleya Faboris (C. Fabia x Sc. 
Doris); from P. Smith, Esq. 

Cypripedium Conyngham (Alcibiades X Mrs. Mostyn); from Dr.. 
Craven Moore. 


22 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1917. 


Cypripedium Tracyanum Carter Place var. (Leeanum Clinkaberryanum 
x aureum) ; from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Lezliocattleya Carmencita Houghton’s var. (Le. luminosa X C. 
Dowiana aurea) ; from F. Houghton, Esq. 

AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum percultum var. Dingle Gem and O. Jasper var. The 

Gem; from F. Houghton, Esq. 
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 
To Mr. T. Wood, for Cypripedium Fairrieanum. 
OTHER EXHIBITS. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. 
Mr. S. Davenport), for a fine group, including many choice things. 

Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Medal for 
a fine general group, in which choice Cypripediums were well represented. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, 
Manchester (gr. Mr. Tom Arran); F. Houghton, Esq., Appleton (gr. Mr. 
Maddock); P. Smith, Esq, (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); Tom Worsley 
Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. T. Wood); Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans; 
Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards 
Heath, and Messrs. Hassall & Cc., Southgate, several of which appear in 
the above list of awards. 


At the meeting held on December 7th the members of Committee 
present were : The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ash- 
worth, D. A. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, A. R. Handley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, 
His mah ae and H. Arthur (Sec.). 

First-Ciass CERTIFICATE. 

Cymbidium Doris magnificum (insigne x Tracyanum), with flowers of 
good size, beautifully veined with reddish brown; Odontoglossum crispum 
Cramore, ‘a full round flower, of almost. solid port wine colour with 
white margin, and Odontonia Magali-Sander var. xanthotes (Miltonia 
Warscewiczii xanthina xX Odm. armainvillierense xanthotes); from Dr. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. [Craven Moore. 

Seaton Arthurianum Usk Priory var. (insigne Harefield Hall var. 
x Fairrieanum), C. Cavalier Usk Priory var. (Hera Euryades x Earl 
of Tankerville), C. Nydia Usk Priory var., C. John Cypher (Antinous X 
Leeanum), C. Chardwar, and C. Mrs. Rickards (Earl Tankerville X 
alportense) ; from R. Windsor Rickards, Esq. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum Marjorie, O. crispum Princess Victoria 


Louise, O. crispum Etna, and Odontioda Diana Conyngham var; from Dr. 
Craven Moore. 


January, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23 


Leliocattleya luminosa aurea var. Canary, and Cypripedium Leeanum 
Goliath (L. Gratrixia x Perfecta); from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Sophrocattleya Fabinippe (C. Fabia x Scl. Manippe); from Philip 
Smith, Esq. 

Cypripedium Baron Harefield (insigne Harefield Hall var. x The 
Baron), and C. Christopher var. bisepalum ; from Messrs. Cypher & Sons. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 

A Gold Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. C. 
Branch), for a magnificent group of choice hybrid Cypripediums, the forms 
being numerous and in excellent condition. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Windsor Rickards, Usk Priory, 
Monmouthshire, for a fine group of well-grown hybrid Cypripediums, 
several of them further receiving certificates. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a group of well-grown Cypripediums, inclnding several attractive 
hybrids of C. Fairrieanum. 

Interesting exhibits were also staged by Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria 
Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. Tom Arran); R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. S. Davenport); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. 
Thompson) (including Odontioda Cookso-Elsie) ; Col. Sir J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton) ; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Hay- 
wat Heath; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge; Messrs. Sander & 
Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Mr. W. 
Shackleton, Bradford, several of which appear in the above list of awards. 


| | ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. aI 


WO Meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 

ee onden Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Victoria Street, 

W inster, during January, on the 16th and 30th, when the Orchid 

Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. These two 
meetings complete the Society’s year. 


It will be remembered that the meetings of the Society were held at the 
Drill Hall for a number of years before the Royal Horticultural Hall was 
built. The reason for the change is announced by the Rev. W. Wilks, 
Secretary, as follows: “‘ The Royal Horticultural Hall having been offered 
by the Council to the War Office for military purposes, and having been 
accepted for the use of the Australian Imperial Forces, the Government, 
recognising the national importance of the work done by the Society, have 
been pleased to place at its disposal the Drill Hall of the London Scottish 


24 THE ORCHID REVIEW. { JANUARY, 1917. 


for such period as the Vincent Square premises remain at the disposal or 
the War Office. The Society’s offices and library remain at Vincent 
Square as heretofore.”’ 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 4th and 18th. 
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection of 
members and the public from 1 to4 p.m. The following meeting is fixed 
for February Ist. 


Mr. C. W. Swinden, formerly Orchid grower to the late Elizabeth Lady 
Lawrence, and who had many years’ experience with Sir Trevor Lawrence, 


under Mr. W. H. White, has been appointed gardener to J. J. Neale, Esq. 
of Penarth. 


Mr. S. Davenport has been appointed gardener to R. Ashworth, Esq., 
President of the Manchester Orchid Society, Mr. W. Gilden having been 
called up for military service. 


We learn with regret that the Gardeners’ Magazine, which has been in 
existence for long over half a century, has decided to suspend publication 
during the continuance of the war. 


The use of gelatine capsules as a successful method of sending pollen 
by post is mentioned by Dr. Barber in an account of the breeding of the 
Sugar Cane in Madras. The device might prove useful to Orchidists. 


Aa] ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | %is4/3 


rchids ave named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are 
requested to give the native country or parent of plant t 


or parentage s sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be 
sent if a my by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of special 
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work}. 


G.H.S.—The plant is Cymbidium longfolium, Don, and agrees completely with 
authentic specimens and figures. 


_ A.G.— Diuris sulphurea, R.Br., a handsome and fairly common Tasmanian species. 
It is not in cultivation. 


-H.L.—Flowers are easily dried in a few folds of blotting paper, the segments being 
first opened where necessary, and when dried can easily be sent by post. There are many 
species not yet known in cultivation. 

BETA.—Natural hybrids are commoner than is often recognised. We will deal with 
the matter shortly. 

A.J.S.—The matter shall have attention at the earliest possible moment. 

Photographs received, with thanks.—E.B.C., J.J.N. Others will be acceptable. 

T.I.P.—Many thanks ; we hope to receive the notes in due course. 

Several notes matters are unavoidably held over for want of space. 


: 
‘ 
: 


Tee 
_ Che Orchid Review % 
Gur VoL. XX, FEBRUARY, 1917. , No. 290. LO 


HE recent article on Cattleya Dowiana and its deriatives (O.R., xxiv. 
p. 270) has aroused a good deal of interest. Besides the article on 
Albinism and Colour in Orchids, by Mr. Thwaites (at page 6) we have one 
from the pen of M. Ch. Maron (at p. 30), relating his own experience with 
C. D. aurea, and it is quite‘evident that there need be no lack of Cattleyas 
having white sepals and petals in the future. The collection of the 
evidence only renders the postponement of the production of whites until the 
second generation the more remarkable. It is evidently not an ordinary 
case of what is called Mendelian segregation, for the so-called recessive 
colour (yellow) does not return, and the dominance of the purple parent, 
which is such a prominent feature in the hybrids of the first generation, is 
in many cases lost, while the new colour, white, evidently represents some 
chemical reaction of the two colours upon each other, which is not 
manifested on their first combination. The matter is well worthy of 
experiment from the chemical standpoint. Incidentally it may be remarked 
that from the evidence it becomes increasingly evident that the white forms 
referred to C. Hardyana are hybrids of secondary origin, the result of the 
recrossing of C. Hardyana with C. Dowiana aurea by insects. C. Hardyana ° 
has been produced artificially on several occasions, and we do not recall any 
white form among the seedlings. 


£2) 


Ea OUR NOTE BOOK. 


Mr. T. L. Mead contributes, at p. 12, a very interesting supplement to 
the article on Cattleya Bowringiana and its hybrids, from which it appears 
that he has paid special attention to this particular species, and has 
succeeded in raising a number of noteworthy additions, those with 
Epidendrum and Lelia Perrinii presenting some distinct and interesting 
features. The system of nomenclature adopted is that of forming a name 
from parts of the names of the parents, but the attempt to extend the 
system so as to indicate the specific composition of the hybrids of any given 
group in a uniform way is novel, and, we are afraid, will not always attain 
the desired object of indicating a complicated parentage without too great 
a strain upon the memory. To take the third name mentioned, Lelio- 


<< THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1917. 


cattleya boarina, we instantly thought of Lelia cinnabarina, not i Fe Perrinii, 
as the second parent. Perhaps this would be called Lc. cinboa, which 


would commit us to cinrin (or rincin), for a hybrid between the two Lelias: 


mentioned. And in any case the suggested abbreviations would give. us 
Cattleya amme (or meam) asa possible alternative for C. interglossa, which 
is doubtfully recognisable. 


And we think that in one important point the system would fail ‘to 
indicate the composition of a hybrid, namely, when it was recrossed with 
the original parents. To select one of numerous instances, we may cite 
the case of Cochlioda Neetzliana crossed with Odontoglossum crispum, 
yielding Odontioda Bradshawiz. The latter has been recrossed with both 
the original parents, giving Odontioda Flamingo with the Cochlioda, and 
O. Schroederi with the Odontoglossum, yet whatever abbreviation was 
adopted for the primary hybrid would also stand for the two others, since 
no new specific element was introduced. Such a method would neither be 
desirable in itself nor helpful in future work. Again, the system would 
combine the crosses Cypripedium nitens X Spicerianum, C. Lathamianum 
x insigne, and C. Leeanum x villosum under a single name, the specific 
composition being identical except in the question of percentages, which 
would revolutionise nomenclature in another direction. The fact is no 
euphonious system of nomenclature can be devised that will also indicate 
specific composition. 

We are not much enamoured with the modern extension of the so-called 
“Jumble name” to species. In the case of genera something was clearly 
necessary, because generic hybrids cannot properly be referred to either 
parent genus, and the system initiated by the late Dr. Maxwell Masters, 
when he coined the name Philageria to indicate a hybrid between Philesia 
and Lapageria, and which was extended by the writer to Orchids, worked 
admirably until a modern innovation introduced unnecessary hyphens and 
capital letters in the middle of the name, a practise which is still continued 
by some, though expressly vetoed by the provisions of the Brussels Nomen- 
clature Congress. If the system could be extended to species with the 
same amount of success few serious objections need be raised against it, but 
its limitations in this direction are now pretty generally recognised. 

“Evolution by means of Hybridisation ” is the title of a new book by 
Dr. John Lotzy, whose paper on the “ Origin of Species by Crossing’ has 
already been. considered (O.R., xxii. pp. 63-66). Its object is to show that, 
in the author’s opinion, inheritable variation without crossing does not exist. 
There is a long discussion as to what a species really is, a question which it 


; 
; 
: 
3 
: 


sa SN ae 


FEBRUARY, 1917-| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27 


is said ought to be settled both by the systematist and the evolutionist 
before proceeding further. “‘A species,’ we are told, “ should consist of a 
group of individuals of really identical constitution,’ and what this means 
must be explained. The species of Linnzus are dismissed as “ no species.” 
Jordan long ago observed differences in them, and on isolating individuals 
showing this variation, and carefully self-fertilising them, he found that the 
differences observable reproduced themselves from seed, hence he restricted 
the term “species” to these minor forms. But even their claim to the 
title is rejected, for the author asks: “Is the standing of the test of 
faithful reproduction by seed proof of specific purity ? The answer is an 
emphatic ‘ no.’”’ 

But if neither the Linnean nor the Jordanian species can stand the new 
test, to what must the term be applied? The answer is: ‘A. species 
consists of the total of individuals of identical composition unable to form 
more than one kind of gametes.” And how may the systematist recognise 
them? Morphological comparison is said to be useless, and even the 
breeding true to type of externally alike individuals is an insufficient test, 
for “all must have the same constitution, and consequently must be alike 
under like conditions.” The test given for specific purity is (1) to “ cross 
the form to be tested with as many pure species as obtainable, reciprocally,” 
and (2) to submit as many of the Fr individuals of each cross to as extensive 
hybrid analysis as possible, in order to test their constitutional identity.” 
If they stand these tests it is ‘ very probable indeed” that they are 
specifically pure. Pity the poor systematist who has to carry all this out 
before he ventures to describe them! After this we can well understand 
the reference to the “pure species which are rarely or never met with in 
nature.” 

But if these are the true “species,” what, then are the others to be 
called? The Lianean so-called species are to be called “ Linneons,” 
indicating “a group of individuals which resemble one another more than 
they do any other individuals.” The smaller Jordanian species are to be 


called ‘‘ Jordanons,” “forms that are externally alike and that reproduce 
their kind faithfully when crossing is excluded.” “ Species’ come next, 
and we need not repeat the definition. “ Hybrids” follow, and are defined 


as individuals able to produce gametes of different constitutions.” Lastly, 
we have the term “‘ Modification,” to designate the non-transmittable effect 
of external circumstances. The term ‘‘ variety” finds no place in the series. 

After such a definition we are a little surprised to find the remark that 
“« Darwin’s theory of the Origin of Species is untenable,” for what Darwin 


28 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, I917- 


wrote about are real and tangible things, things that occur in nature and 
that can be met with every day, not about Dr. Lotzy’s phantom present- 
ments. If Dr. Lotzy has found a “ perfectly stable genotype, reproducing: 
faithfully its own kind for ever, unless crossing intervene ’—as he formerly 
defined it—it is a Mendelian homozygote, and he had better call it one. 
** Species” are not to be removed from the purview of the systematist by 
such verbal jugglery. Species we have long known as freely intercrossing 
communities, and cross-fertilisation gives a stimulus to variation, while 
self-fertilisation tends to uniformity. Crossing is, therefore, a potent cause 
of variation, but it is not the sole cause. There are multitudes of 
geographical forms that must have arisen without crossing (to use the 
term in the sense intended). 

Take the labiate Cattleyas, forexample. The species, with few exceptions, 
occupy separate geographical areas, but where C. Warscewiczii and C. 
Dowiana (aurea) grow together the natural hybrid C. Hardyana occurs—its 
hybrid origin has been confirmed experimentally in several collections. 
The labiate Cattleyas cross freely in gardens, but the numerous hybrids are 
not found in a wild state, because the species grow apart, and hybridisation 
is largely a question of opportunity. The parent forms have clearly arisen. 
by divergent evolution, or adaptation to changed conditions, for the whole 
fundamental structure of the body is due to the gradual accumulation of 
characters that arise as the result of the reaction of the organism to the 
environment, owing to its power of directing the chemical and physical 
forces to which its existence is due. Under such changes it would retain 
such previously acquired characters as were essential, including cross- 
fertilisation—and necessarily the agencies by which it is effected. Such 
changes would usually be accompanied by migration and geographical 
re-arrangement, bringing allied species together and thus affording the 
opportunity for hybridisation to occur, as we see in such numerous 
instances to-day. Hybridisation may be regarded as an extension of cross- 
fertilisation beyond specific limits, and Kerner long ago recognised it as on? 
of the underlying causes of the origin of species, though not the sole cause- 

Lotzy rejects Darwin’s contention that changed conditions give an im- 
petus to variability, and with it the doctrine of the inheritance of acquired: 
characters, apparently because, as he defines it, “very few of the adherents of 
the theory believe in the orthodox way that external conditions first change 
the soma, and through this subsequently the constitution of the gametes.” 
This, however, is a mere begging of the question. It is the old sophism. 
that C a character ceases to be acquired as soon as it becomes heritable; ”” 
and like unto it is the phase that “ inheritable variability does not exist.” 


FEBRUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29 


‘come 3 
ES PLEIONE PRAECOX AND P. WALLICHIANA. Be 


HESE charming little plants, though originally described as distinct by 

Lindley, have long been regarded as forms of a single species. Plants 

that flowered recently at Kew, however, confirm the original view, and a 

comparison of all the materials has shown a considerable amount of 
confusion in the history of the two. 

PLEIONE PR#&COX was originally described and figured by Sir James 
Edward Smith in 1806, under the name of Epidendrum precox (Exot. Bot., 
ii. p. 73, t. 97), the author remarking: ‘‘ My excellent friend and fellow- 
student, Dr. Buchanan Hamilton, having most generously put me into 
possession of all his drawings of Indian plants, together with his 
manuscripts and a herbarium of about 1,500 species collected in his 
journey to Nepal, I hasten to communicate some of these rarities to the 
public. The country of Nepal has never before been explored by any 
naturalist. . . . The plant grows among mosses, on the trunks of 
trees or on rocks, in Upper Nepal. Its name in the Nawar language, 
spoken by the subjected original natives of Nepal, is Caybu swa. The 
plant subsequently became Pleione preecox, Don (Prodr. Fl. Nepal., p. 37), 
and Coelogyne preecox (Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 20), and for a good many 
years was only known from dried materials. In 1848 it was figured (Paxt. 
Mag. Bot., xiv. p. 7, with tab.) from garden specimens which flowered in 
the collection of J. Allcard, Esq., Stratford Green, Essex, in 1845, when it 
was remarked that it differed from C. Wallichiana principally in being 
altogether more robust, having paler coloured flowers, and a much finer 
fringed labellum.’”’ And it was added: ‘‘ Messrs. Loddiges record that they 
possessed C. praecox in 1840, earlier than which period we question whether 


it existed in this country.” 

PLEIONE WALLICHIANA appears to have been recorded for the first time 
in 1830, under the name of Ceelogyne Wallichiana (Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch., 
Pp. 43) as a species discovered at Pundua by Dr. Wallich. It was known, 
however, a good deal earlier, for when it was figured by the latter (PI. 
Asiat. Rar., i. p. 46, t. 54) the author remarked (p. 45) that C. maculata and 
Wallichiana were ‘‘ natives of the lofty range of mountains which confine 
Bengal towards the district of Silhet in an easterly and northerly direction. 
They were introduced into the Hon. East India Company’s garden at 
Calcutta in 1816, and I have often had the satisfaction of seeing them in 
flower there.” In 1838 plants’ flowered at Chatsworth, and Lindley 
remarked (Bot. Reg., xxiv. Misc. p. 85): “‘ At last a plant of the beautiful 
division of Coelogyne called Pleione by Professor Don has appeared in the 


3° THE ORCHID REVIEW. | FEBRUARY, 191+ 


collection at Chatsworth, whither it had been brought by Mr, John 
Gibson.” It was subsequently figured (Bot. Reg., xxvi. t. 24), when it was 
added that plants from the same source had also flowered with Mr. Bate- 
man, who remarked that the pseudobulb had much of the form and hue of 
a truffle. Still later it was also figured in the Botanical M agazine (t. 4496), 
where it is remarked: ‘Discovered by Dr. Wallich in the mountain 
district of Sylhet and Khasia, and found in great abundance; also by Dr. 
Hooker as he approached Darjeeling in Sikkim Himalaya, and from him 
the specimens are derived which are here represented.” It has a more 
eastern distribution than P. precox, and is readily distinguished from it 
by the smaller, diflerently-shaped pseudobulbs, the darker- coloured flowers,. 
and the much smaller fringes of the keels of the lip. R.A.R. 


BES 
Sas) 


ALBINISM AND COLOUR IN ORCHIDS. | 

HAVE read with much interest the recent articles on the hybrids of 

Cattleya Dowiana aurea. I also have found in many cases a tendency 
of C. D. aurea to produce whites, or at least forms with white sepals and 
petals. C. Fabia alba Mme. Ed. Debrie, which flowered in October, 1906, 
was raised between C. D. aurea and C. labiata Cooksonii, and the flowers 
of all my plants had sepals and petals of the purest white, with coloured 
lips; while C. Fabia alba, crossed again with different hybrids, produced 
also white divisions. In December, 1909, I flowered Brassocattleya Diana 
(C. D. aurea X Be. Orpheus), and all the flowers were white, including the 
lips, while, on the contrary, Bc. Orpheus crossed with C. labiata alba gave 
tinted flowers and marked lips, another proof of the influence of C. 
aurea in producing white. Ina batch of Leliocattleya Sir Douglas Haig 
I found two valuable plants with white sepals and petals, which again 
shows the same influence, the character in this case coming through C. 
Octave-Doin (Mendelii x Dowiana aurea). 

During last year the Société Nationale d’horticulture de France has 
held only one meeting monthly, so’ that it sometimes happens that a 
new hybrid flowers between two meetings, and some of my novelties have 
not been named. Some were exhibited in November last, and were 
described in the Society’s Journal (p. 175); but there are two mistakes- 
Brassocattleya Douamont is from Bc. Maroniz (or Mme. Ch. Maron) X C- 
Fabia Vigeriana (not B. Maroni, as recorded), and Bc. Mr. D. Bois is 
from Leliocattleya Truffautiana (syn. luminosa) x Bc. Leemanie, and is 
not, as recorded, of the same parentage as Bc. Dietrichiana, which is 
from Be. Leemaniz and C. Fabia Vigeriana. C. MARON. 

Brunoy, France. 


FEBRUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID.-REVIEW. 31 
ne cae o2- ™ 
aC. OBITUARY. Resed 


ILLIAM THOMPSON.—Another of our oldest correspondents has 
passed away in the person of William Thompson, Esq., who died at 

his residence, Walton Grange, Stone, Staffordshire, on December 22nd last. 
Mr. Thompson had attained his 84th year in September, and seemed hale 
and hearty when we had the pleasure of seeing him last summer, and 
as keen as ever in his favourite group, Odontoglossum, which he has 
cultivated for nearly half-a-century. As long agoas April, 1887, he received 
4 First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum Thompson’s var. from 
the R.H.S., and this has been followed by others at intervals down to June, 
1915, when O. c. Perfect Gem obtained an Award of Merit. This species 
was a prime favourite with Mr. Thompson, and the collection was 
rich in choice varieties, and its numerous hybrids were naturally 


erown in quantity. An account of the collection was given at pp. 
243-245 of our second volume, from which it will be seen that other groups 
were also well represented. Many interesting things from it have been 
noted from time to time in our pages, and among them the rare Odonto- 
glossum prestans, which was figured at page 9 of our tenth volume. Here 
also appeared O. preevisum, the natural hybrid between O. Lindleyanum and 
O. gloriosum (O.R., xii. p. 176), whose origin we have subsequently proved 
(I.c., xxiii. p. 101). It was also a plant in Mr. Thompson’s collection 
that enabled the mysterious origin of Cattleya Victoria-R gina to be 
cleared up, when it was figured, at p. 17 of our third volume, from a 
photograph by Mr. W. Stevens, who was for so many years Mr. Thompson’s. 
gardener. Mr. Thompson was one of the earliest hybridisers of Odonto- 
glossums, though, as with many others, with very limited success for a long 
period, though later many interesting seedlings have been raised. In this 
connection we may recall the loss of a considerable number of seedlings 
owing to the breakdown of the heating apparatus during a period of severe 
weather. Cypripediums have also of late engaged much attention, and we 
may recall the handsome C. mirum (Euryades New Hall var. x Alcibiades) 
which received both a First-class Certificate and a Gold Medal from the 
Manchester Orchid Society in November, 1913. Mr. Thompson was for 
many years, and until recently, a member of the Orchid Committee of the 
Royal Horticultural Society, and was an original member of the Manchester 
and North of England Orchid Society, formed some twenty years ago, and 
one of its most consistent supporters and exhibitors ever since. He was also 
one the judges at the International Horticultural Exhibition held in London 
in 1912. His name is commemorated in Odontoglossum Thompsonianum 
(Edwardii X crispum), and Cypripedium Thomrsonii (villosum x Calypso). 


~ 


3? THE ORCHID REVIEIV. (FEBRUARY, 19'7 


aC. CATTLEYA BROWNIZ. <I 


N connection with the recent articles on Cattleya Bowringiana, it may 
be interesting to give (on this and the succeeding page) figures of two 

of its hybrids, for comparison with that of C. Mantinii and of their common 
parent, given at pp. 237, 249 of our last volume. Cattleya Browniz 
(Harrisoniana X Bowringiana) was originally raised by Messrs. Sander, 
St. Albans, and received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in October, 


Fig. 4. CATTLEYA BRowNI&. 


1894 (O.R., il. p. 334). It was dedicated to the wife of D. S. Brown, Esq., 
ol ot Louis, U.S.A. The figure here given shows a very fine form, 
derived from the Feverse cross, tn: the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Gatton Park. The flower is of exc ellent shape, and has very broad, 
rosy purple sepals and petals, and a stro ngly undulate, nearly entire lip, 
with a light yellow disc. It combines well the characters of its two parents, 
and is a free-flowering and handsome autumn-blooming hybrid. 


Fepruary, 1917. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 33 


3 LALIOCATTLEYA .WRIGLEYI. | ) 


F quite a distinct type from the preceding is Leliocattleya Wrigleyi, 
the result of crossing Lelia anceps with the pollen of Cattleya 
Bowringiana. It was raised in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
Bridge Hall, Bury, and was described at page 359 of our seventh volume. 


Fig. 5. L&LIOCATTLEYA WRIGLEYI. 


It is most like the Lelia in habit, but the long scape of the latter is almost 
suppressed. The flower is fairly intermediate in character, and has rose- 
purple sepals and petals of good shape, and a subentire lip, with small 
infolded side lobes, and an expanded, crimson front lobe. Le. Wrigleyi is 
the seed parent of Lc. Lorna,*a hybrid raised by Messrs. Flory & Black, 
which received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in December last, and 


was described at page 20 of our last issue. 


34 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | FBERUARY, 1917- 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY. i 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
Hessle,- E.-Yorks. 


HE general treatment given last month relating to temperatures, 

watering, atmospheric conditions, and cultural hints generally, 

are applicable for the present month, which is usually of a wintry nature. 

The daily amount of sunshine will be appreciably increased, and the 

consequent increase of temperature in the houses during the middle hours — 
of the day will be greatly to the benefit of the plants. 

During spells of clear bright weather, and especially frosty weather, it is 
advisable to distribute a more liberal supply of water on the stages, floors, 
and paths, to counteract the dryness caused by the hot water pipes in 
maintaining the temperatures. In bright sunny weather a slightly humid 
atmosphere may be maintained, and the houses must be ventilated with 
care. It is still advisable to keep everything at rest as far as possible, as 
plants that are unduly pushed into growth may suffer a severe check when 
more genial weather comes. A thing that the grower has to contend with 
is the different requirements of the plants that have to be grown together, 
and average treatment cannot always be correct, but if the temperatures 
and atmospheric conditions generally are kept as advised the majority will 
thrive, and exceptional cases can be met by moving the plants. Watch- 
fulness is an essential condition, for there is no royal road to success. 

WATERING.—The application of water to the compost is of the greatest 
importance, and somewhat difficult for a new beginner, as some plants take 
up much more water than others, and the material in which the plant is 
growing must be taken into consideration. With the lengthening days the 
plants will take up more water at the roots; but it must be applied with 
care, as we may still have periods of cold, wet, and«sunless weather. It is 
much easier to make a compost wet at this season than to get it dry again, 
a point which is somewhat overlooked by the uninitiated. 

PoTTING.—With the present month ‘the year’s work, as_ regards 
repotting, practically begins, and, under the existing conditions, it will 
be advisable to start as early as possible, and as the different plants arrive 
at the desired state they should receive attention. Potting, to be effectual, 
must be well done, otherwise it is best left alone. 

Composts.—As there may be some difficulty in obtaining potting 
materials during the coming season, many plants may have to stand over 
until next year. A continual change of the rooting material is a source of 
trouble and anxiety, and not to the plants’ benefit. We are not likely, 
however, to have much choice, and so must make the best of the material 
at hand. But as long as the fibres used are made clean and porous, 


“FEBRUARY, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35 


and are placed into position properly in the receptacles, no harm 
will accrue, whether peat or Ar fibre predominates. Each class of, plant 
has its own individuality, and it should be the cultivator’s aim to master 
the details necessary to grow them satisfactorily. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Brassocattleyas, 
and others of more complex parentage, have attained such numbers, and 
show such variety of colour, that they are now indispensable, in fact they 
are the most popular of all Orchids. Plants that have produced flowers 
during the winter months may be repotted as soon as new roots are 
observed to be pushing from the base of the last-made pseudobulb. A 
clean open material will answer their requirements, and the plants should 
be potted firmly. The winter-flowering species, of which Cattleya Triane, 
Percivaliana, and chocoensis are the most useful, may have the same 
attention when their flowering period is passed. Many hybrids in this 
section also produce flowers at this season, and, in order to produce their 
flowers, in perfection, it is advisable to give them all the light possible, and 
sufficient water to keep the compost moist until the flowers are fully 
developed, afterwards keeping them on the dry side until growth recom- 
mences. C. Warneri, Warscewiczii (gigas), maxima, Schilleriana, Lelia 
Boothiana, crispa, and many hybrids of which L. purpurata is one parent, 
have commenced to grow, and may have the water supply increased, taking 
care that the compost becomes dry between each operation. 

Mexican Laztias, which have passed out of flower and commenced to 
push new roots from the base of the last-made pseudobulbs, should have 
attention as regards repotting, should it be necessary. Coarse osmunda 
fibre and Ar fibre, from which all the dust or earthy matter has been 
removed, makes a suitable compost, but as the former is almost unattain- 
able, we must rely on the latter alone. The material should be made quite 
firm, especially around the base of» the rhizome of the plant. After 
repotting, water must be carefully administered to the compost, but the 
surroundings should be kept moist to encourage root activity. 

DeENprRoBIUMS of the nobile section, with its many hybrids, may be 
brought on gradually, as suggested last month, but no undue forcing should 
be attempted. 

CYPRIPEDIUMS of the insigne section that are in need of new rooting 
material should have attention as soon as they pass out of flower. They 
are indispensable for producing flowers during the dullest months of the 
year, and are, therefore, highly appreciated. There are so many varieties 
of these delightful plants of exceptional merit that it is impossible to 
enumerate them in the space at’imy disposal. They may all be repotted 
in the same manner as the species, and a suitable compost consists of equal 
parts of peat fibre, Ar fibre, and sphagnum moss, with some clean loam 


36 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1917 


fibre added. The pots must be well drained, and the compost kept fairly 
dry until the roots have entered the new material. 

OpoNnTOGLOssuMs.—O. grande, O. Insleayi, O. Williamsianum, and 
others of the succulent rooting section will now be at rest, and will require 
little water at the roots until growth commences. For the Columbian 
species, with the numerous hybrids, also Odontiodas and other plants 
which succeed under similar conditions, the remarks made last month are 
still applicable. 

Oncipiums which have flowered, and have now commenced to grow 
and produce roots, may be repotted, should they be in need of it. These 
plants resent a sour compost, so that small pots or pans make the best 
receptacles, and should the compost be decomposed it is best to renew it. 
A similar compost to that used for Odontoglossums is suitable. 

MASDEVALLIAS.—M. tovarensis will now be starting into growth, and 
the present is a suitable time to repot any specimens that are in need of 
new rooting material. A compost of clean fibre and sphagnum moss in 
equal parts is suitable for this and others ofthe small-growing Masdevallias. 
The quaint-flowering M. Chimera section may also have attention at this 
season, using the same material. They should in every case be grown in 
baskets, as their flowers are produced in a downward direction. They 
delight in the temperature of the Intermediate house at this season, but 
during hot weather are best removed to the Cool house. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—Insect pests increase rapidly at this season of the 
year, if allowed to go unmolested, therefore every means possible should be 
taken toeradicate them, it being much easier to destroy them now than at 
a later period when other work is most pressing. Admit air on all favour- 
able occasions, give water whenever they require it, and wait patiently for 
the plants to commence their season’s growth. Under such treatment all 
will be well, but attempts to force plants into premature growth will in the 
end be disastrous, as nature will not be coerced. 

CymMBIDIUM Sypit.—A flower of a pretty hybrid, derived from 
Cymbidium eburneum X Pauwelsii, is sent from the collection of G. 
Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol, by Mr. Coningsby: 
It has cream-white sepals and petals, the former well suffused with rose at 
the back, and a rosy lip, with short red lines, arranged in a zone, in front. 
This is said to be the first of the batch to flower, the spike bearing two 
flowers, but several others are showing for bloom, some having four buds, 
and their appearance suggests a good deal of variation. Some of the plants 
show more of the C. eburneum influeuce. lt willbe noticed, at pp. 43, 44: 
that Messrs. Hassall & Co. have already flowered the same cross, and that 
one of the seedlings, called var. sulphureum, has light yellow flowers. 


FrBRuARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37 


ees | ORCHIDS FIFTY YEARS AGO. | Ars 


HE suggestion of an old correspondent that a few notes on Orchid 
culture and sales in the past would be interesting, prompted us to look 
at the Gardeners’ Chronicle of fifty years ago, and we find that an important 
series of articles, entitled ‘‘ Orchids and their Cultivation,’ was being 
contributed by Mr. James Anderson, one of the foremost growers of the 
day, after whom Odontoglossum Andersonianum was named. The date 
was 1867, and a review of the Orchids of the preceding year (1866) informs 
us that ‘‘the star’ of the Orchids seems to be once more in the ascendant, 
and in their ranks would be found by far the largest number of the new 
plants of the past season. Orchids were no longer, as of yore, confined to 
the wealthy, but—thanks to cool treatment—were now placed within reach 
of anyone who could spare the funds for a greenhouse of the most modest 
proportions. In no former year did so many really first-class Orchids ‘‘ come 
out.” Of those most familiar to us at the present day we find Cattleya 
Dowiana, Odontoglossum Hallii, Oncidium Marshallianum,and Dendrobium 
thyrsiflorum, but there were also D. Maccarthiz, Saccolabium giganteum, 
Vanda Bensonii, Epidendrum Cooperi, and Mesospinidium sanguineum 
(now Cochlioda). It is significant that not a single hybrid is mentioned, 
but the number of seedlings then in existence was very small. 

A discussion was als» going on about Oacidium macranthum, which 
had long been known from dried specimens, and now plants had been 
introduced which, it was hoped, would prove authentic, and respecting 
which Messrs. Backhouse remarked: Patience will not (apparently) have 
to be severely strained in regard to the plant we have imported as Oncidium 
macranthum, as one of these already shows a flower stem. 

Cool Orchids were then coming to the front. In the said review it is 
mentioned of Odontoglossum Alexandre that though, strictly speaking, it 
belonged to 1865, still, we could never have formed any idea of its real 
beauty until we had seen the specimens that Mr. Pattison and Mr. 
Anderson sent during the past season from ‘ayant the Tweed.’ This 
species was giving trouble to cultivators, and one of them complained that 
instead of going to rest ‘‘the plant starts a fresh growth, in most instances. 
smaller and weaker than the first growth.” To this Mr. Anderson replied :— 

‘‘Singularly enough, Odontoglossums, as a rule, have never been 
well grown. True, they were only introduced into this country in limited 
quantity at first, and the very few that survived the ordeal of a tedious and 
difficult transit, in a burning heat, to the port of embarkation, were 
prescribed for and managed with the greatest anxiety certainly, but upon a 


38 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FenruaRry, 1917. 


system opposed to the wants and habits of the family. It has been 
subsequently proved that those plants that had been growing on the 
mountain chains of New Grenada, and sent by collectors down the river,. 
Magdalena, to the ports either of Santa Martha or Carthagena, have come 
home in comparative safety, so that, if judiciously packed, these Alpine 
Orchids may be considered virtually safe after being placed on board the 
mail steamers. The countries to which the choicest of the Odontoglossums 
are indigenous are among the most mountainous in the world, and, 
although this kind of vegetation does not reach the loftiest summits or the 
line of perpetual snow on the peaks of the Cordilleras and the crown of the 
Andes, yet it verges towards it. Look to the provinces of Ecuador, 
Guatemala, Peru, and New Grenada, and it is not uncommon to find many 
of the plants in question ranging between 4000 and 10,000 feet altitude. 
Bogota and its vicinity comprises a rich field of Orchideous treasures, which 
has been largely gathered from for European stoves, and it is as nearly as 
possible gooo feet above the sea level, while according to the best and most 
reliable information the temperature rarely exceeds 60°, and not rarely falls 
towards the freezing point. The climate is mild, agreeable, and salubrious, 
and far less variable as to extremes than that of our own country.” He 
then detailed a course of rational treatment under which his own success 
had been attained, which might almost have been written to-day. 

An account of Orchid sales affords some idea as to the plants then 
commonly grown and the prices obtained :— 

SALE oF OrcHIDs.—Several sales of established Orchids have recently 
taken place at Stevens’. In that of Mr. Cooper, Alpha House, Coburg Road, 
the highest price realised for a single lot was for those of Phalaenopsis 
Schilleriana and amabilis, the specimens of which fetched about £9- 
Aérides Lindleyanum superbum realised 8 guineas; other lots fetched from 
12s. to £4. The whole lots, of which there were in all some 422, fetched 
£454 16s. 6d. Among duplicates, selected from the collections of Mr. 
Rucker and Mr. Day, a very fine plant of the spotted variety of Odonto- 
glossum Pescatorei fetched as much as £25. The spotted variety of 
Cypripedium eburneum (Cymbidium must have been intended) realised 
#12, and a fine plant of C. caudatum 14 gs.; for Veitch’s variety of Vanda 
suavis, £7 155. was obtained; the Fox-brush Aérides sold for a similar sum, 
and altogether for some 220 lots £521 6s. 6d. was realised. In the late 
Mr. Blandy’s collection, which has also recently been brought to the 
hammer, no such prices as those just mentioned, however, were obtained for 
individual lots, which ranged between 10s. and £5; nevertheless, for some 
374 lots as much as £645 was obtained. Among duplicates from Mr. 
Bassett's collection, a fine plant of Trichopilia crispa fetched £22, and 
another of Odontoglossum Phalznopsis (now Miltonia) £16; O. nevium 


FEBRUARY, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39 


majus feiched 13 gs.; for Aérides affine superbum {11 was obtained, and 
for Cypripedium barbatum superbiens, £10. The whole sale, which 
consisted of some 320 lots, realised £821. Among recently imported 
Orchids £416 was obtained for some 237 lots, among which the highest 
price realised was 10 gs. for Barkeria spectabilis, a fine mass on native 
wood, associated with E pidendrum and Tillandsia. Other examples, how- 
ever, only fetched about £1 per lot, and many lots of other kinds of Orchids 
only fetched from 6s. to Ios. each. Saccolabium giganteum realised 
£5 15s., and the beautiful Dendrobium Maccarthie £4 5s.; Vanda 
Bensonii realising about the same amount. 

Another matter of interest was a long paper on the Fecundation of 
Orchids, by C.S.P.P. (the Rev. C. S. P. Parish), Moulmein, in which it 
was remarked that in England our tropical Orchids seldom, if ever, bear 
fruit, but that in a state of nature certain species, especially belonging to 
the Vandee, bore fruit abundantly, though there were others which fruited 
less frequently than might be supposed. He then gave a variety of details, 
which must have been specially interesting at a time when experiments 
in Orchid hybridisation were just engaging general attention. 

We find, also, an account, by our old friend, J. B. (James Bateman), 
Biddulph Grange, of a new Orchid pest, ‘‘ about twice as large as a full- 
grown aphis, and very lively,” of which information was desired, though we 
have not discovered whether it was ever forthcoming. 


AUSTRALIAN OrRCHIDs.—At a meeting of the Field Naturalists’ Club of 
Victoria, held in October last, Mr. E. E. Prescott, F.L.S., and Mr. C. 
French exhibited thirteen varieties of the common Spider Orchid, Caladenia 
Patersonil, R.Br., which showed a remarkable variation in colour, form, 
and stature. The colours ranged from white, pink, and red to green and 
brown. The form variation showed extreme difference in both width and 
length of the petals and sepals, whilst the height of the plants ranged from 
three to fifteen inches. At the same time, the true distinction of the 
species, the six rows of calli on the labellum, was constant throughout. 

Mr. Percy Sharman, B.Sc., read a paper on ‘‘ The Structure of Some 
Australian Orchids,” and, by means of blackboard sketches, drawings, and 
microscopic sections, illustrated the internal structure of several common 
species of Pterostylis, an Australian genus known as the ‘‘ Greenhoods.”” The 
lecturer pointed out some interesting details of structure, and expressed the 
opinion that certain species united by Bentham were distinct, though it is 
difficult “‘to draw quite hard and fast rules, since evolution is still taking 
place in the genus.” He alsoalluded to the absence of stomata in the galea 
of the flower, a peculiarity, it was believed, not noted in Orchid literature. 
—Victorian Naturalist. 


40 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FeBRUARY, 1917. 


v ZYGOPETALUM MACKAY! VAR. CHARLESWORTHIL. v 


(| eee ae Zygopetalum Mackayi has been in cultivation for about 


ninety years, we can only recall a single albino of it, namely, the 


beautiful variety Charlesworthii, which received an Award of Merit from 


Fig. 6. ZYGOPETALUM MACKAYI VAR. CHARLESWORTHII. 


“a 


th > cs - Fs - m . . ° la 
the Ri1.S. in January, 1912, and of which a photographic illustration is here 
olive | VC : . . 
tb It has light green, unblotched sepals and petals, and a pure white 
{Ip, he Suz ne ea oo at : ef rt 
ip, the usual blue markings being entirely absent, but it agrees with the type 


in every other res rh, . :; 1] 
ry other respect. The plant was found in an importation from Brazu. 


FEBRUARY, 1917.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. Ar 


| SOCIETIES. /é| 


RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. 

HE following concludes our report of the meeting of December 16th 

last, the matter having been held over ast month for want of space :-— 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group 
of hybrids, including Leeliocattleya Athene (callistoglossa x St.-Gothard). 
a richly-coloured hybrid of good shape, Lc. St.-Gothard, Cattleya Thora 
(Empress-Frederick Xx Pittia), C. O’Brieniana alba, good examples of 
Cypripedium Niobe, Rolfei, and others, Brassocattleya Pocahontas alba, of 
charming albino with a yellow disc to the lip, and some excellent 
Odontiodas and Odontoglossums (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group of about 
two dozen choice Cypripediums, including forms of C. Leeanum, Rossetti, 
Cyclops, Tityus, Thalia, Golden Fleece, Priam, and other good forms (Silver 
Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a good group, including the 
richly-coloured Cypripedium Moira, C. insigne Sanderee, S. San-Actzus, C. 
C. triumphans, varieties of C. Leeanum, and others, with a few good 
Cymbidiums (Silver Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Cypripedium Glorita (Actzus 
langleyense X Golden Glory), a promising yellow with white upper half to 
the dorsal sepal, the richly-coloured C. Little Gem, and C. Primrose Dame 
(Fairrieanum X ?), a light coloured hybrid. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent Sophrocattleya Queen- 
Empress Low’s var., bright rose, with yellow throat to the lip, Cattleya 
Katie var. Rayon d’Or, and Cattleya maxima alba Low’s var. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, sent an interesting little group, including 
Cattleya Fabia alba, C. Snowflake, and a few other hybrid Cattleyas and 
Leliocattleyas, Arachnanthe Clarkei, Cirrhopetalum erubescens, Coelogyne 
Mooreana, a few good Cypripediums, and others. 


The opening meéting of the new year was held at the Drill Hall of the 
London Scottish, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on January 16th, and, 
in spite of very inclement weather, produced a good display of Orchids, the 
awards consisting of four medals, one First-class Certificate, three Awards 
of Merit, one Preliminary Commendation, and one Cultural Commendation. 

Orchid Committee present ; Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, J. 
Wilson Potter, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, 
J. 3. Shik; 4. Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, W. H. White, S. W. Flory, R. 


42 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1917. 


-Brooman White, C. J. Lucas, and the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Chairman ot 
the Manchester Orchid Society (visitor). 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

ODonTOGLossuM FELicia (Thompsonianum X crispum).—A_ brilliant 
acquisition, having the broad round segments of a good O. crispum, slightly 
reduced in size, and the colour of the other parent, the lilac ground-colour 
being largely obliterated by a zone of great violet-purple blotches. 
_ Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CYPRIPEDIUM LATHAMIANUM VAR. CARDINAL MERCIER (Spicerianum 
magnificum X villosum).—The fine variety that was described at page 42 
of our last volume, having a broad white dorsal sepal, heavily flaked 
with dark rose purple on the lower two-thirds, and the broad petals and — 
lip honey yellow with mahogany brown markings. Exhibited by the Rev. 
J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. Marshall). 

ODONTIODA GRATRIXIA BRYNDIR VAR. (Odm. amabile x Oda. Charles- 
worthii).—A handsome dark red variety of good form, with much yellow on 
the broad lip. Exhibited by Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton. 

ODONTOGLossuM ConQUEROR (illustrissimum xX crispum).—A_ very 

handsome hybrid, the flowers being of fine form and substance, densely and 

evenly blotched with reddish purple on a white ground, which is slightly 

tinged with purple. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 
PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PETER (parentage unknown).— A promising seedling 
bearing its first flower, which is well marked with claret-red on a white 
ground. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black. 

CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 

ODONTIODA KEIGHLEYENSIS.—To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, for a very fine specimen, bearing six 
large panicles of scarlet flowers. 
GENERAL Exuisits. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
showed flowers of Cypripedium Eurybiades The Baroness and The Dell 
variety, two large handsomely blotched forms, also the pretty white 
Cattleya Astron (Harrisoniana alba x Dusseldorfii Undine). 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, T 
including Cattleya Percivaliana alb 
fine hybrid with blush sepals and 
crimson-purple with a narrow wh 
Seymouriz and Wilsonii, 
promising seedlings, C 
Miltonia Bleuana and 


unbridge Wells, staged a choice group, 
a, C. Clotho (Trianze x Enid), a very 

petals, and the front lobe of the lip 
ite margin, Odontioda Cooksoniz, Cupid, 
Odontoglossum eximillus, Victory, and other 
ypripedium Cupid, C. Helen II. var. Armstrongiz, 
St. Andre, and others (Silver Flora Medal). 


FEBRUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43 


Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group ot 
hybrids, including ‘ Brassocatlelia Truffautiana (Bc. Leemanie xX Le. 
luminosa), having light rose flowers with the disc of the fringed lip yellow, 
Bel. Joan, the brilliant Leliocattleya Momus and Lc. Serbia, beautiful 
examples of Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, and other Odontoglossums, 
a fine _Zygopetalum intermedium, some good Odontiodas, and other winter- 
flowering Orchids (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a small group, including 
Cymbidium Beatrice (Lowianum X Schlegelii), C. Moira (Tracyanum X 
Pauwelsii), several examples of C. Sybil (eburneum x Pauwelsii), and C. 
Capella (Wiganianum X Pauwelsii), both showing much variation, also a 
good example of Odontoglossum loochristiense (Silver Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged an attractive group. 
including examples of Cymbidium Alexanderi, Doris, and Schlegelii, 
Odontoglossum triumphosum and some good O. crispum, Brassocattleya 
Bianca, the large and handsome Lelia anceps Chamberlainiana, Cattleya 
Brenda, and a_ good series of brilliantly-coloured Odontiodas (Silver 
Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, staged a small group, including Cattleya 
Zephyr (Schroedere X Dowiana aurea), Cypripedium Pliny Langley var. 
(Leeanum Clinkaberryanum X Victor Hugo), and a few other Cypri- 
pediums and Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent a well-flowered plant of 
Sophronitis grandiflora, Sophrocattleya Blackii, and Brassocattleya 
Penelope (C. Fabia xX Bc. Maroniz). 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, 
including forms of Cymbidium Alexanderi, Doris, and Gottianum, Cattleya 
Snowflake and C. Mary-Sander (Dusseldorfii Undine X Suzanne Hye) two 
charming albinos, Epidendrum polybulbon, Eria globifera, Masdevallia 
macrura, Maxillaria porrecta, with a few Leliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, 
and other good things. 


At the meeting held on January 30th the exhibits were restricted by a 
severe frost, and very few put in an appearance, while no awards were made. 

Orchid Committee present:—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia 
Ralli, E. R. Ashton, J. E. Shill, J. Charlesworth, Arthur Dye, S. W. 
Flory, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and R. A. Rolfe. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
sent a cut Aower of the very,handsome Cypripedium Eurybiades, having a 
clear white dorsal sepal with numerous purple, spots and a small green 
base, and exceptionally broad, mahogany brown petals and lip. 


44 THE ORCHID REVIEW [FEBRUARY, 1917. 


Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a small group of 
sixteen seedling Odontoglossums, including forms of eximium, gandavense, 
ardentillus, promerens, and O. Peerless var. rotunda, a very promising: 
seedling, with broad rounded segments and a very broad lip, the ground 
colour being white, with a broad zone of cinnamon-brown blotches on the 
segments; also two distinct forms of Odontioda Madeline, and a pretty 
light yellow O. Amethyst (Odm. Hallio-crispum x Oda. Bradshawiz), with 
a narrow zone of red below the middle of the segments. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent a few choice things, 
including the brilliantly-coloured Odontioda Florence var. amabilis (Oda. 


Cooksonie xX Odm. Dora), a finely-shaped form of Cattleya Trianz, 


tichly-coloured forms of C. Clotho and Leliocattleya Serbia, a very fine 
form of Odontoglossum crispum bearing a panicle of 21 model flowers, 
and a good example of O. crispum xanthotes. 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a group of eleven seedling 
Cymbidiums, including C. Beatrice and C. Alexanderi, with distinct 
forms of C. Capella and C. Sybil, the latter varying from white to light 
yellow in the ground colour, one of the latter colour being called C. Sybil 
var. sulphureum. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a small group, including 
Cattleya Trianz and C. Freda-Sander (Mossize Wageneri x Myra-Peeters), 
the latter clear white with a yellow disc to the lip, Cymbidium Chaffinch 
(Gottianum xX Doris), very prettily spotted with red on all the segments, 
the ground colour being blush, Cypripedium Actzeus var. Radium, a well- 
blotched form, and C. Lord Wolmer. 


MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 2ist, 
the members of Committee present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in 
the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. G. Ellwood, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

Owing to the severe weather there were few exhibits, but eight choice 
things received certificates. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Leliocattleya amabilis var. Ashlandie (Le. Fascinator albens X C- 
Warscewiczii Stanleyi), a large, well-set flower, with white sepals and 
petals, and well-marked lip; from R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr- 
S. Davenport). 

Cypripedium Alethea (Gaston Bultel x Euryades), a flower of excellent 
shape, and reddish crimson in colour, the dorsal sepal very flat ; from A. 
Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. A. Dalgleish). 


Pee ee ee ee ert ee 


FEBRUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Givsisietien Nigger (Mrs. Carey Batten X Beeckmanii), C. Acteus 
Cainiz (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Leeanum Clinkaberryanum) ; 
Odontoglossum laudatum var. majesticum (Wilckeanum xX ardentissimum), 
and O. eximium var. Red Monarch; from P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- 
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson). 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Madam Lievre; from Mr. W. Shackleton, 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. (Bradford. 

To Mr. C. Branch (gr. to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood), for Odonto- 
glossum crispum Annamii, carrying a spike of seventeen fine flowers. 

A few other interesting plants were staged, among them being a good 
Odontoglossum crispum Luciani, with flowers 34 inches across; from Col. 
Sir J. Rutherford, Bart., M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton). 

At the meeting held on January 4th, 1917, the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. D. A. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, 
D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Cymbidium Schlegelii roseum (Wiganianum X insigne), tinged and 
lined with rose, and Odontoglossum illustworth (illustrissimum xX Aire- 
worth), a fine, rosy purple form; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Leliocattleya Momus (C. Octave-Doin X Lc. Lambeauiz), a flower of 
perfect form and good colour, with well-marked lip; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Marshal Haig (Clio Shrubbery var. X G. F. Moore), a 
fine, well-shaped flower, with round, beautifully-spotted dorsal sepal ; from 
Tom Worsley, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Leeliocattleya Serbia Ashlandiz, Odontoglossum Black Watch, and 
Cypripedium insigne speculatum ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cymbidium Schlegelii Conyngham var., and Odontoglossum crispum 
Orestes ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cypripedium Verdun (Clio x Leeanum Clinkaberryanum), and C. 
Tracyanum var. Percy; from Tom Worsley, Esq. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 

To Mr. C. Branch (gr. to W. R. Lee, Esq.), for Odontoglossum Cobbiz, 
carrying a fine branched spike. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. S. Davenport), and to Tom Worsley, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. 
T. Wood) ; the former for a fine general group, and the latter for a group 
of choice winter-blooming Cypripediums. 


46 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1917, 


A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a good group of choice Cypripediums, with examples of Cattleya bls. 
Sophronitis grandiflora, Oncidium cheirophorum, and others. 

A good selection of Cypripedium flowers was sent from the collection of 
the late Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. J. Howes, 
including several seedlings. 

Interesting exhibits were also staged by Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria 
Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. 
C. Branch); Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath; Messrs. 
J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, several 
of which appear in the above list of awards. 


At the meeting held on January 18th, the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. Rs 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, D. McLeod, 
W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum eximium var. Zenith, a large flower, well and evenly 
marked, with large flat lip; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Hindu, a round flower of almost solid 
dark colour, with light tips to the petals; from P. Smith, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda Joan var. ashlandensis; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Joan Conyngham var.; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Leliocattleya Britannia var. Lady ete Wilson ; from S. Gratrix, Esq- 

Cypripedium Garland var. Lord Northbourne ; from the Hon. Robt. 
James. 

Odontoglossum Grand Duke Nicholas; from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Odontioda Zenobia var. Yellow Surprise; from P. Smith, Esq. 

AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontioda Irene var. Glorita(Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Uroskinner!), 
one of the best of the Uroskinneri hybrids yet seen in the North of 
England ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a very fine group of Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, 
and Cypripediums, with Brassocattleya sulphurea, Cattleya O’Brieniana, &c. 

A Silver Medal was awarded A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester (gr. Mr. Palin), 
for a fine group, in which Cypripediums were particularly well represented 

Interesting exhibits and groups were staged by P. Smith, Esq., Ashton- 
on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr- 
Mr. C. Branch); The Hon. Rupert James, Richmond, Yorks. (gr. Mr. E 


FEBRUARY, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47 


Benstead) ; to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Jemmison) ; Dr. 
Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); Messrs. 
Hassall & Co., Southgate; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge ; Messrs. 
Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham; Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford; Messrs. 
Keeling & Sons, Bradford; and Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards 
Heath, several of which appear in the above list of awards. 


EY ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. I 


WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 

London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 

February, on the 13th and 27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at 
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. 


The Secretary of the R.H.S. announces the abandonment of the 
Chelsea and Holland House Shows for the current year. The Council 
has had great anxiety in coming to a conclusion, but, in addition to the 
shortage of labour, the difficulties of transport, and the desire of the 
Government to reduce railway travelling as much as possible, there is the 
further trouble that at the last moment the contractor has reported that he 
cannot guarantee to put up the tents. These abandoned meetings will be 
replaced by Shows at the London Scottish Drill Hall on the usual fort- 
nightly dates, namely, May 22nd and July 5th. The Council hopes to have 
the approval and support of the Fellows in these arrangements. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February 1st and 15th. 
The Committee sits at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection 
from 1 to4 p.m. The following meeting is fixed for March tst. 


An interesting Orchid paper is one of the subjects for the meeting of 
the Linnean Society, to be held at Burlington House, Piccadilly, at 5 p.m. 
on February 1st, namely, “ The Structure of the Leaves of Hybrid 
Orchids,” by Messrs. J. Charlesworth and J. Ramsbottom, F.L.S. 


Two interesting hybrids have just flowered in the collection of H. 
Worsley, Esq., Sherfin, Bakenden, near Accringt on, namely, Cattleya W. H. 
Evans ( Mantinii X Mrs. Pitt), and Leliocattleya Sir David Beatty (Domin- 
iana X Wellsiana). We hope to see the flowers when they bloom again. 


By an oversight we omitted to mention, at page 1, that Messrs. 
Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, also obtained a Gold Medal for a 
brilliant group staged by them at the R.H.S. Chelsea Show. 


48 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1917. — 


SOPHROCATTLEYA RAMILLES.—A striking hybrid, raised in the collection q 
_ of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham, from Cattleya Empress- q 
Frederick and Sophrocattleya warnhamiensis, of which the first flower has — 
been sent to us. It is of excellent shape, the segments being well displayed, 
and the petals very broad, and of a pretty shade of rosy mauve, while the . 
lip is also very broad, with undulate margin, and the colour deep rose, with q 
copious yellow veining at the base, which latter shows the influence of C. 
Dowiana aurea very clearly. It is a very charming thing. 


La&Lia JEssica.—A very pretty chrome yellow flower is sent from the 
collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset, which is described as a 4 
stray seedling, though not impossibly from a batch of Lelia Jongheana X 
C oronet, and thus a form of Lelia Jessica, though the flower is much more 
yellow. Mr. Clark has also seedlings of L. flava x Jongheana, grown from 
seed obtained from Messrs. Keeling some years ago, but one that flowered 
had white sepals and petals, with orange keels on the lip, and was clearly a 
form of Lelia Degeestiana, and different from the flower now sent. The 
pollinia are eight in number, and nearly equal in size, which seems to 
indicate a pure Lelia parentage, and there are five distinct ridges on the 
lip, and an approach to L. Jongheana in shape, which tell their own story, 
while the flower has an expanse of 3} inches across the petals. LL. Coronet 
is a hybrid from L. cinnabarina X harpophylla, and there is a pale, nearly 
white margin to the crisped front lobe of the lip and apex of the side lobes 
that recalls L. harpophylla, and quite bears out the suggested parentage. 
Mr. Clark states that the habit somewhat resembles L. Jessica, and the 
bulbs are elongated, and green (not tinged with purple). It is a promising 
seedling, and should be taken care of, as clear yellows are not too common 
in the group. 


Ae 


CYPRIPEDIUM JOHN CYPHER.—The parentage of this eh is C. Antinous X 
oo = ryanum, not C, Fairrieanum X aureum Surprise, as rec orded at 
pag is correctly recorded at p. 22. The records were from different wna and 
we failed to connect them together 


F.J.H.—-Many thanks for the sn which you will see has been duly attended to. 


ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.  |%ya¢a| 


A.C,—The cross has already been named, but the suggested name can stand over for 
another one. 

.W. es ere is si sic = — comme Jn is impossible to tell the parentage 
of a oon wees hybrids by co ison. that is possible is to recog nise the 
presence of certain aiccies: witkoor iis wing the a arentage. The curious thing 15 


ag’ 
that 9 oeaer edna’ from the same casas will ear poe evidence of the presence of other 
species. 

ave again to thank ino esteemed American correspondent for a contribution for 


We 
the relief of sufferers by the On this occ Fund 
and a suitable acknowledgment is being sen Sania he a rename of eit 


ry 


odie, | ma _ 
QO we pos Se 
, Che Orchid Review \ 
C2 — VoL. XXV. Marcu, 1917. No. 291. SO 


kee SCHOMBURGKIA SUPERBIENS. | s) 


T has long been recognised that the fine old Lelia superbiens, Lindl., 
is not a typical Lelia. Warner many years ago remarked: ‘‘ There are 
no other Leelias like this in growth, but the Schomburgkias, another family 
of Orchids, are often sold for it’’ (Sel. Orch., i. t. 20). And later, Messrs. 
Veitch added: ‘‘ As a species, in its botanical aspect, Lelia superbiens 
stands on the very verge of the genus, approaching so closely the Schom- 
burgkias, of which it has now altogether the habit, that its systematic 
position would seem to be rather with them than with the Lelias” (Man. 
Orch., ii. p. 82). Two fine examples are blooming at Kew, and careful 
comparison leaves no doubt that the species belongs to Schomburgkia, the 
fusiform, two-leaved pseudobulbs, the long scapes with numerous elongate 
bracts, and the details of the flowers, with the numerous undulate keels on 
the disc of the lip, being all in agreement. The species was originally 
discovered in Guatemala by Mr. G. Ure Skinner, being first seen in 1839, 
planted in front of some Indian settlements, but a year later was found wild 
some twenty leagues north of the city of Guatemala. Here it exists in 
enormous quantities, the finest specimens growing out of the rocks, where it 
is sheltered from the north wind, some of the spikes being twelve feet long 
and bearing upwards of twenty light purple flowers. Owing to this 
character it has been called the Wand of St. Joseph. It was introduced in 
1842 by Hartweg, who sent plants to the Horticultural Society of London, 
and flowered for the first time in cultivation in this country in February, 
1844, in the collection of Mrs. Wray, of Oakfield, near Cheltenham. It is 
a noble species, but a little too large for many ordinary houses. 
OTHER SCHOMBURGKIAS. 

There are some nine other species of Schomburgkia having fusiform, 
two-leaved pseudobulbs, long unbranched scapes, with elongated bracts 
and the flowers aggregated near the apex in somewhat elongated heads, and 
rather narrow segments with numerous keels on the disc of the rather 
small lip. These are the original S. crispa, Lindl., and S. marginata, 
Lindl., from British Guiana; S. rosea; Lindl., and S. Lueddemannii, Prill., 
from Venezuela; S. undulata, Lindl., S. Wallisii, Rchb. f., and S. 

ee 


50 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaRCH, 1917. 


splendida, Schlechter, from Columbia; S. Weberbaueriana, Kranzal., from 
Peru: and S. Lyonsii, Lindl., from Jamaica, and they form a very 
homogeneous group. 

Another group of species which have been referred to Schomburgkia is 
really quite distinct, and of these S. tibicinis, Batem., may be considered as 
the type. These have conical, hollow pseudobulbs, tapering upwards, with 
three or four short, broad leaves at the apex, branched panicles of flowers, 
short bracts, the side lobes of the lip broad and ample, and the front lobe 
smaller and without keels. The hollow pseudobulbs have the peculiarity of 
forming a nidus for ants, which find an entrance by a small hole at the base. 

SCHOMBURGKIA TIBICINIS. 

The original S. tibicinis is a native of Honduras, where it is said to 
exist in great abundance, and where it was discovered by Mr. G. Ure 
Skinner, whose attention, as we learn from Bateman, ‘‘ was attracted at a 
considerable distance by a cluster of its lofty flower-spikes, which, when in 
full bloom, and in the dense masses that the plant produces in a wild 
state, must be very conspicuous. On the occasion in question, its original 
discoverer was not permitted to obtain quiet possession of his prize, as 
swarms of fiery ants, to which the hollow stems afford a snug retreat, issued 
forth in thousands to repel the spoiler, and inflicted pangs which none but 
the most ardent naturalist would have braved.”’ He further adds: ‘In 
such request are these vegetable trumpets among the wild urchins of 
Honduras, that the plant yielding them is called ‘the trumpet plant ’—an 
epithet that has suggested the specific name” (Batem. Orch. Mex. & Guat. 
t. 30). 

Lindley afterwards added: ‘‘ This noble plant is the cow’s-horn Orchis 
of Honduras. Its pseudobulbs, between one and two feet long, are quite 
hollow, and as smooth inside as the chamber of a bamboo; at their base 
there is always a small hole, which leads to the interior, and furnishes 
access to the colonies of ants, which are constantly found inhabiting ® the 
plant” (Bot. Reg., 1844, sub. t. 23). 

THE GENUS MYRMECOPHILA. 

S. tibicinis is quite typical of the remaining species, which we propose 
to separate under the generic name of MyRMECOPHILA (literally, ant-loving), 
in reference to their remarkable character, whose utility has been 

graphically described by Rodway. ‘“ What,” he asks, “shall we say to the 
construction of a home for ants, so that its tender aérial roots may be 
protected from cockroaches and other pests? This many species have 
accomplished, and now do it so thoroughly as to derive considerable beneti 
from the contrivance. Perhaps the most perfect of these homes are those 
provided by Schomburgkia and Diacrium bicornutum. In them we have 
a hollow pseudobulb, into which the ants either find a doorway ready made, 


Ls sag eee lita NS 


MaRCcH, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 54 


or are offered inducements to make one for themselves. The result is a 
perfectly dry, hollow chamber, on splitting which the tiers of cells and 
galleries are seen ranged from top to bottom.” 

The following are the species :— 

MYRMECOPHILA TIBICINIS. Schomburgkia tibicinis, Batem. Orch. Mex 
& Guat., t. 30.—Native of Honduras and Guatemala. 

M. GALEotTiana, A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. iii. iii. p. 23.. S. 
tibicinis var. grandiflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1831, t. 30. S. Brysiana, Lem. 
Jard. Fleur., i. Misc. pp. 53, 54, with fig.—Native of S. Mexico. 

M. Tuomsoniana. Schomburgkia Thomsoniana, Rchb. f. in Gard. 
Chron., 1887, ii. p. 38; Bot. Mag., t. 7815.-—Native of the Camyan Islands, 
West Indies. 

M. cHtonoporA. Schomburgkia chionodora, Rchb. in f. in Gard. Chron., 
1886, i. p. 73.—Native of Central America. Flowers white, but the variety 
Kimballiana, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1888, i. p. 136, has purple flowers. 

M. Lepipissima, Schomburgkia lepidissima, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 
1889, i. p. 72.—Habitat not recorded. 

M. Humpotptu. Schomburgkia Humboldtii, Rehb. Xen. Orch., i. p. 240; 
Will. Orch. Alb., xi. t. 507.—Native of Venezuela. 

M. SANDERIANA. Schomburgkia Sanderiana, Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 
I8gI, i. p. 202; Reichenbachia, ser. 2, 11, p. 23, to. 59.—Habitat not recorded. 

One other Schomburgkia has been described, namely, S. campecheana, 
Kranzl. (Gard. Chron., 1903, il. p. 381), which was said to be intermediate 
between S. undulata and S. Thomsoniana, and was consequently suggested 
to be a natural hybrid between the two. This we regard as impossible, for 
the two grow very far apart. It was described from only a few flowers that 
were obtained by a Bremen Captain who was on his way to Laguna de 
Terminos, on the South side of the Bay of Campeche, on which course he 
would pass near the Caymans. There is no record as to where he collected 
the few flowers obtained, but from the description we suspect that it would 
have been better described as a form of S. Thomsoniana. R. A. ROLFE. 


EvuLopuietta Roirel.—At the R.H.S. meeting held on February 27th 
last a First-class Certificate was awarded to a striking hybrid Eulophiella 
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. It is one of 
the first batch of seedlings mentioned at page 166 of our last volume, as 
follows: ‘In the Warm house we were much interested to see a number of 
seedling Eulophiellas in thriving condition. Those from E. Elisabethe xX 
Peetersiana were four or five years old, and of considerable size, while a 
later batch was from the reverse cross. Their flowering will be awaited 
with interest, for the two parents are very distinct, both in habit and 
colour, and E, Peetersiana, though very handsome, as regards size is rather 


52 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Marcu, 1917 


unmanageable.” Inhabit the plant recalls a dwarfed state of E. Peetersiana, — 
the scape being about three feet high, and bearing sixteen flowers and buds. 
The flowers are over 2} inches across; the sepals and petals bright rose- — 
purple, and the three-lobéd lip white inside, tipped with purple, and having © 
seven rows of crested yellow keels on the disc. It is said that the time from — 
the fertilisation of the flower to the development of the ripe capsule and 
the germination of the seeds was three months, and we do not recall any ; 


other epiphytic Orchid which develops so quickly. 
: 


T the meeting of the Linnean Society held on February 15th, Sir © 
David Prain, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., in the Chair, a series of Orchids, — 
flowers, and paintings was exhibited by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., to show 
variation and segregation of hybrid character. There were three series of 3 
Odontioda, all seedlings from O. Charlesworthii (Cochlioda Neetzliana X 
Odontoglossum Harryanum), the pollen parents being Odontoglossum 
crispum, O. Phoebe (cirrhosum X crispum), and O. Harryanum, giving 
respectively Odontioda Madeline, O. Patricia, and O. Brewii. Of the first 
there were living flowers of thirteen seedlings out of the same capsule, 
showing various shades of crimson and red, these having been sent by 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. The other two series 
were paintings from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also 
varying greatly. Of five forms of Odontioda Patricia from the same 
capsule one showed a considerable amount of reversion towards the Odonto- 
glossum parent, both in shape and colour, while of seven forms of Oda- 
Brewii one closely resembled Odm. Harryanum in colour, though not in 
other details. Paintings of all the parents and grandparents were included. 
Lycaste Janetz (Rossiana X Skinneri) was represented by paintings, by 
Mrs. Janet Ross, of four out of a batch of twelve seedlings from the same 
capsule, raised in the collection of the late Mr. H. J. Ross, Poggio Gherardo, 
Florence, these showing various shades of cream and pale yellow in the 
ground colour, with or without rose spotting on the sepals, and with or 
without a maroon blotch at the base of the lip, thus showing segregation 
(due to incompatability) in what is presumably a primary hybrid. 

The next case was that of a hybrid sporting, also from the collection of 
Mr. H. J. Ross. Cypripedium Dauthieri (barbatum x villosum) is 4 
hybrid fairly intermediate between the parents (which were also shown)- 
This sported successively to an irregularly striped form (var. Rossianum), 4 
much paler form (var. Vanninii), a harlequin-coloured form, green 0? 
one side and purple brown on the other (var. Janet Ross), and to a form 


VARIATION OF HYBRID ORCHIDS. 


MARCH, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53 


with nearly uniform green coloration (var. Poggio Gherardo), approaching 
the C. villosum parent in colour, all, however, retaining the hybrid shape. 
A self-fertilised seedling of the striped variety Rossianum shown had 
returned to the more uniform coloration of the original. 

Two species of Cycnoches were also exhibited, showing sexual 
dimorphism. A painting, by Mrs. Ross, of C. Warscewiczii, Rchb. Ei, 
showed male and female flowers on the same infloresence, five females at 
the base and about a dozen of the very different males above. The original 
inflorescence was also shown, this having been sent to Kew when it 
appeared in 1895. It represented a condition of things still almost unique, 
for the sexes are usually borne in several inflorescences on the same bulb, 
as in another drawing of the species also exhibited. Lastly, dried 
inflorescences from the same plant of C. Rossianum, Rolfe, were exhibited 
to show their remarkable difference, and the altogether disproportionately 


large size of the females. 


iF 


LEAF-STRUCTURE OF HYBRID ORGHIDS. kj 


T the meeting of the Linnean Society held on February 1st, Sir David 
Prain, C.M.G., F.R.S., in the Chair, there was an interesting 
communication from Messrs. J. Charlesworth and J. Rambottom, F.L.S., 
‘On the Structure of the Leaves of Hybrid Orchids,” illustrated by a series 
of lantern projections of a series of microscopic slides made by Mr. 
Charlesworth. 

Mr. Rambottom remarked that an investigation of the various 
anatomical characters of the leaves of the parents and their hybrids— 
cuticle, epidermis, water-storage tissue, mesophyll, vascular bundles, 
sclerenchyma, structure and shape of midrib, &c.—shows that, as a general 
rule, a structure, when present in both parents in different amounts, 
appears in the hybrid intermediate in every way-—quantity, distribution, 
size, and shape of parts, &c. This can be well seen by observing the 
microscopic characters of hybrids which have one parent in common; 
Cochlioda Netzliana occurs as the female parent in six of the primary 
hybrids investigated, also being concerned in the parentage of the two 
secondary ones; and the water-storage tissue and the number of rows of 
vascular strands show the point very clearly. When a character is present 
in one of the parents, it may or may not be found in the hybrid; ¢.g., the 
leaf of Epidendrum prismatocarpum shows a large amount of crystalline 
substance; the leaves of the hybrid Lelia cinnabarina X E. prismatocarpum 
show these crystals, but not in such great quantity; the leaves of the hybrid 
Laelia tenebrosa X E. prismatocarpum, on the other hand, do not show any 


54 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {MaRCH, 1917- 


crystals. In general, if the character of one parent does occur in the 
hybrid, it is much less developed than in the parent. 

Sections of the leaves of thirteen.primary hybrids and their parents were 
exhibited, as follows :— 


2? PAREN 3 PARENT. HYBRID. | 
Cochlioda Neetzliana ‘{ Ada aurantiaca. Adioda St.-Fuscien. 
i x Miltonia vexillaria. Miltonioda Harwoodii. 
a = x Odontoglossum cordatum. Odontioda Craveniana. 
re Fe x O. Harryanum. Odontioda Charlesworthii. » 
» is x Oncidium incurvum. Oncidioda Charlesworthii. 
hg a x O. macranthum. Oncidioda Cooksoniz. 
Lelia cinnabarina xX Epidendrumprismatocarpum. _Epilzlia cinnacarpa. 
L. tenebrosa x E. prismatocarpum. _ Epilzelia bradfordiensis. 
Odontoglossum Edwardii x Cochlioda vulcanica. Odontioda Vulpecula, 
es Ps x O. Rossii. O. Antiope. 
O. Uroskinneri x Miltonia Schroederiana. Odontonia Langowoyi. 
em x O. Edwardii. Odm. Groganiz. 
Vanda teres x V. suavis. V. Maroniez. 
_ Also two secondary hybrids :— 
Odontioda. Chaslesworthii - x Odontoglossum Harryanum. Odontioda Brewit- 
Odontoglossum Uroskinneri x Odontioda Charlesworthii. Odontioda Irene. 


Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., contributed further remarks, and showed leaves 
of the two Vanda species in illustration ; also leaves of green and tessellated 
species of Cypripedium, with those of hybrids resulting from intercrossing 
the two sections. 

We believe this to be a preliminary note of what may develop into a 
very interesting series. 


——+>-0< = 

OponTIODA MADELINE SUPERBA.—A flower of the handsome Odontioda 
Madeline superba, which received an Award of Merit from the Manchester 
Orchid Society on February ist, has been sent from the collection of Philip 
Smith, Esq., Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. E. W. Thompson. 
It is not only very handsome, but altogether ‘exceptional, so much so that 
some members of the Committee doubted whether it was really derived 
from Odontioda Charlesworthii and Odontoglossum crispum. It is most 
like O. Harryanum in size and texture, but the sepals and petals are 
copiously blotched with crimson-brown on a yellow ground, and the lip has 
the unmistakable shape and spotting at the base of hybrids of this species- 
The seedling is said to be seven years old, and was obtained from Mr. W- 
Shackleton, of Bradford, who says he is certain that the parentage is 
correct, and has other seedlings of the same batch. We do not see where 
the colour of the blotches could have come from but from O. Charles- 
worthii, but the influence of O. Harryanum seems to have almost over- 
powered O. crispum. It is a brilliant acquisition, and we hope to see 
flowers of other seedlings of the batch. 


I i i 8 i ge 5 eT ede Pitti 


Marcu, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55 


BS 
Ie 


DIFFICULTIES OF AN AMATEUR. ee] 


SHOULD be very grateful if you would reply to me in the Orchid Review 
in the following matters, as I am only a war-time substitute with no 
experience. I may say that I have only one house, which I keep at as 
nearly an even temperature as possible of 55° to 65° (the thermometer 
being kept near to the glass), though in the first cold weather of the frost 
it would not rise above 50° to 55° for two weeks. In structural details the 
house agrees with all descriptions I have read as to the right type of Orchid 
house, brick sides, upper and lower ventilators, and stages of slates covered 
with gravel. And I may add that I gave the plants constant attention in 
other respects. 

1. Mr. Barker says that Cattleyas should be potted when the new roots 
are appearing. In the greater number of my plants this has occurred when 
the plants were in sheath. I have tried to carry out the treatment 
recommended, but evidently I have done something wrong. 

2. My Dendrobium nobile produced a good crop of buds, but nearly all 
have turned yellow and withered. The plants have not been potted for a 
long time, and the base is an inch or more above the tangle of roots on the 
surface of the pot. In one case the new growth, which is eight to ten 
inches high, has thrown out new roots, but in the other case it has not. 

3. I should like a few hints on the culture of the Australian 
Dendrobiums. Mr. Sander recommends ‘‘ an abundance of moisture all the 
year round,” but I think this does not suit my plants. A Dendrobium 
tetragonum bloomed in December, and received an immense amount of 
attention. I am keeping it very dry now. 

(The object of potting when new roots are just appearing is that by 
this means the plants are immediately able to avail themselves of the new 
_ compost, which would not be the case when they are inactive. It does 
not affect the time of their appearance, and in the case where this occurs 
just when flowers are pushing up it should be deferred until the latter are 
over. It is difficult to suggest a cause for the Dendrobium buds going off, 
unless it is the result of chill, through the temperature having fallen too 
low in severe weather. Too rapid forcing is generally considered to be the 
cause. It would also appear that the plants are becoming exhausted for 
want of potting. It is only when actively growing that the Australian 
Dendrobiums require an abundance of moisture. The great majority 
require to be kept fairly dry when at rest, especially those with stout 
pseudobulbs and fleshy leaves. Some of them experience a long dry rest in 
a state of nature.—ED. | 


56 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | MARCH, 197. 


55 BOLLEA LALINDEI. Eee 


HE Bolleas and Pescatoreas are not grown to the extent that their 
c merits deserve, and probably one reason is that their culture is not 
easy; the absence of pseubobulbs, and their habit of growing almost 
continuously, and producing their remarkable flowers at somewhat irregular 
intervals, making them somewhat exceptional. They can, however, be 
grown in a shady position in the warm Intermediate house, care being 
taken with the watering, for the compost should not be allowed to become 


Fig. 8. BoLLeA LALINDEI. 


dry, or the plants invariably suffer. The genus Bollea is remarkable for 
the enormously dilated column, forming a cavity which is almost filled with 
the very broad, channelled crest, as shown in the annexed figure of B. 
Lalindei, Rchb. f., a Colombian species introduced by M. Lalinde, a resident 
of Mendellin, after whom it is named. It flowered with Messrs. James 
Veitch & Sons, at Chelsea, in 1874, and was described by Reichenbach 
(Gard. Chron., 1874, li. p. 33), and was afterwards figured at t. 6331 of the 
Botanical Magazine. The flowers are mauve-purple in colour, with a yellow 
crest to the lip. It is nearly allied to B. ccelestis, Rchb. f., another 
Colombian species that is now very rarely seen in cultivation, and which is 
remarkable for the deep violet-blue colour of its flowers. 


Marcu, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 57 


ISS PESCATOBOLLEA BELLA. oar 


HEN Reichenbach described Pescatorea bella, which appeared with 
Messrs. Veitch, in 1878 (Gard. Chron., 1878, i. p. 492), he remarked: 
‘‘ We have had nothing comparable in colour except Bollea ccelestis. I 


have a melancholy fear it is a mule between this and some Pescatorea. I 
cannot help it. There is not the least doubt of the two being totally 
distinct things. Bollea ccelestis has a very broad boat-shaped column with 


Fig. 9. PESCATOBOLLEA. 


a disc of rich hairs, and a great square callus; but, on the other hand, the 
sepals and petals have the same striking uncommon colours, though the 


broad purplish violet zones are more in the centre in Bollea ccelestis. 


As it is, we must wait and observe—laboremus ; there may come the day when 
we, or those who come afterwards, may get the necessary light.” We 
must still wait, so far as seeing the original specimen is concerned, but 
what is at least suspected to be the same plant afterwards appeared in the 
collection of Frau Ida Brandt, of Zurich, having being received from 


58 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaRcH, 1917- 


Consul Lehmann as Pescatorea Klabochorum. This is the plant here 
figured, and it appears to be quite intermediate between P. Klabochorum 
and B. coelestis, hence the name that has been given to it (Rolfe, in O.R., 
Xill. p. 329). Indeed, Mrs. Brandt, in sending full materials, suggested that 
it was a natural hybrid with this parentage. It was exhibited in London 
in November, 1899, where it appears to have been named Pescatorea 
Gairiana, Rchb. f., but the latter was imported as Bollea ccelestis, so that 
it may also be a hybrid. Materials are still wanting for comparison, and 
the original specimen is presumably locked up in the Reichenbachian 
Herbarium. Some interesting points await solution. 


iss | OBITUARY. POOry 


EORGE MASSEE, V.M.H.—We record with deep regret the death, on 
February 17th, after a short illness, of Mr. George Edward Massee, 
V.M.H., of Park Place, The Common, Sevenoaks, last head of the M ycological 
Department of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. George Massee was the 
son of a farmer, and was born at Scampston, East Yorkshire, in 1850, and 
early developed a taste for natural history and drawing, taking the National 
Medal of the year at the York School of Art for drawing from nature. He 
also studied physics, chemistry, and botany, the latter under Dr. Spruce, 
the celebrated traveller (who was a relative of his mother), to whose 
classical work on the Hepatica Massee contributed most of the drawings. 
He then went to the West Indies and South America to study plants and 
collect Orchids, sending home in bulk, among other things, Oncidium 
macranthum and Nanodes Meduse. On his return he took up farming and 
botanical study, specialising on fungi and plant diseases. On his father’s 
death he came to Kew, studying for a time in the Herbarium, and in 1893 
he was appointed Mycologist, in succession to Dr. M. C. Cooke, a post 
which he held until his retirement in 1915. Among his numerous writings 
on fungi Massee contributed some important papers on the diseases of 
Orchids. In 1892 he published a paper on a Vanilla disease, Calospora 
Vanillz, Massee (Kew Bull., 1892, pp. 111-120, with plate), and three years 
later he contributed a paper on the Spot Disease of Orchids to the Annals 
of Botany (ix. pp. 421-429, with plate), in which he showed that Spot was 
not caused by a parasitic fungus, but by chill under an excess of water, the 
damaged tissues being afterwards invaded by fungi that live upon decaying 
vegetable matter. In 1905 he published an account of an Orchid diseas 
found on the leaves of Oncidium Cavendishianum (Gard.. Chron., 1905, il- 
Pp. 153, fig. 53), and Cattleya Dowiana (Kew Bull., 1895, p. 302), this being 
caused by a new fungus, Hemileia americana, a relative of the well-known 
Coffee disease. He was buried at Richmond Cemetery on February 21st, 


Marcu, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 59 


a number of his old colleagues being present. He leaves a widow, two 
sons, and three daughters to mourn his loss. 

Pror. ALFRED CoGNniaux.—Information from Belgium has almost been 
cut off by the war, and we have only recently learnt that Prof. Alfred 
Cogniaux, author of the Orchidacee of the Flora Brasiliensis, passed away 
on August 15th last, a few days after reaching his -75th birthday. Born at 
Robechies, Herault, Belgium, on April 7th, 1841, Cogniaux studied at the 
Normal School of Nivelle, and at the age of 21 obtained his Diploma as 
Professor, where he remained for the next ten years, being afterwards. 
appointed Conservator of the Brussels Botanic Garden. After publishing 
Monographs of the large and difficult families, Cucurbitacee and Melas- 
tomacez, he was selected to write an account of the Orchidacee for the 
Flora Braziliensis. This work occupied some thirteen years, the first part 
appearing in 1893 and the last in 1906. For this he obtained the loan of 
Barbosa Rodrigues’ type drawings, and sent them to Kew for comparison 
and to enable copies to be made. He also paid two or three personal visits. 
Cogniaux next contributed a monograph of the Orchids of the West Indies 
to Urban’s Symbole Antillana, in which over 500 species are enumerated 
belonging to nearly 100 genera, this being completed in ryto. To 
cultivators of Orchids, Cogniaux was best known as joint author with A: 
Goossens of the Dictionnaiare des Orchidées, a work in which a large series of 
cultivated Orchids are illustrated by chromo-lithography from paintings by 
the latter. Cogniaux was also a contributor to the later volumes of the 
Lindenia, and of the Journal des Orchidées. His name is commemorated in 
Mormodes Cogniauxii, L. Lind., and Neocogniauxia monophylla, 
Schlechter, the latter a new genus formed in include the plant formerly 
known as Laelia monophylla, and another species not yet known in 
cultivation. 

Oscar Fanyau.—We recently heard from an esteemed correspondent of 
the death of M. Oscar Fanyau, the well-known French Orchidist of 
Hellemmes, and now the Gardeners’ Chronicle cites.from the Petit Paristen 
of February gth an account of the tragic circumstances: ‘‘ Some time ago 
the ‘Kommandantur’ of Hellemmes seized M. Fanyau’s house and 
grounds, leaving the underground floor in the occupation of the proprietor, 
his grandson, and an old servant. M. Fanyau was seventy years of age. 
When copper was requisitioned at Hellemmes, he refused to make the 
prescribed declaration, and, instead, addressed the Commandant thus: 
‘ For two years you have occupied my house. You know its contents. It 
it pleases you to take away my copper ornaments and works of art I cannot 
prevent it; but expect from me no declaration, nor any obedience to a 
German command. I am an old officer of 1870, and I refuse to betray my 
country by giving over to the enemy material for the manufacture of shells 


60 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaRCH, 1917. 


to kill my countrymen.’ For having thus ‘resisted’ authority, he was 
imprisoned at Loos, to await deportation to Germany. On the following 
day he was found dead in his cell, and only after much supplication was his 
grandchild allowed to make the necessary funeral arrangements.” M. 
Fanyau was an enthusiastic Orchidist, and his collection filled several 
houses, a speciality being made of the Odontoglossum group. The 
collection was rich in choice blotched forms, which were well-grown by his 
able gardener, M. Cleverley, who was also very successful as a raiser, 
among his acquisitions being Odontonia Fanyauiana (M. vexillaria x Odm. 
Adrian), and O. Cleverleyana (M. vexillaria Leopoldii x Odm. Rolfez). 
We also recall Odontoglossum hellemense (crispum X harvengtense) as 
another attractive hybrid. There were also some choice albinos among the 
Cattleyas and Lelias. At the last Horticultural Exhibition held at Lille 
in June, 1914, M. Fanyau was awarded the Grand Prix d’Honour, a Gold 
Medal offered by the King of the Belgians, for his collection of Orchids and 
greenhouse plants. 


CYMBIDIUMS FROM BrisToL.—A series of beautiful Cymbidium flowers 


is sent from the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh 


Woods, Bristol, by Mr. Coningsby. The batch of C. Sibyl (eburneum X 
Pauwelsii) mentioned at page 36, is represented by four beautiful forms, in 
which the characters of C. eburneum are prominent. One isa charming 
albino with a band of yellow on the front of the lip. A second is very 
similar, but has just a faint tinge of blush. A third is tinged with palest 
primrose, but has some obscure yellow blotches on the front of the lip, 
while in the fourth there is a tinge of both yellow and pink, the latter 
chiefly in the lip. Five forms of C. Alexanderi (Veitchii X insigne) show 
some of the range of variation in this fine hybrid. One is blush-white, 
with a crimson column and some yellow and rose on the front lobe of the 
lip. A second has more blush in the sepals, a paler column, and a few 
crimson dots near the front of the lip. A third is pale primrose, with a 
zone of crimson blotches in front of the lip, while in a fourth the blotches 
extend all over that organ, as in C. insigne. In the last the’ segments are 
exceptionally broad, and the grovnd colour rose, with a zone of crimson 
blotches all round the lip. The remaining flower is C. Corona (Lowianum 
X Schlegelii), a beautiful form, the sepals and petals lined and dotted with 
rose on a light yellow ground, the front lobe of the lip rich brownish 
crimson, margined with yellow, and the side lobes strongly banded with 
crimson. Mr. Coningsby remarks that this is the finest variety they have 
flowered yet. Cymbidiums are prime favourites with Mr. Hamilton-Smith, 


and the charming hybrids of C. insigne are rapidly bringing the genus to 
the front. 


Marcu, 1917.] . THE ORCHID REVIEW. 6% 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
rks 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH. y 
He essle, B® 


INCE my last we have passed esioh a period of severe weather, and 
the extra amount of artificial heat needed to maintain the tempera- 
tures is not always to the welfare of the plants. The increased dryness of the 
atmosphere caused by the extra firing in some cases leads to an outbreak of 
thrip and other pests. During such times the cultivator must use every 
means at his command to keep the atmosphere of the different houses in a 
genial and healthy condition. 

With the present month we may look for more genial conditions, and, 
as the different plants start on their season’s growth, care must be taken 
that they receive no check. The temperatures may now range a few 
degrees higher, both night and day, in each department, than those given 
in the January Calendar, especially with sun heat. The atmospheric 
conditions should always follow the temperatures, the more heat, the more 
moisture should be used, and the conditions prevailing at this season 
should be conducive to free and healthy growth. In regulating the 
conditions, due regard must, of course, be taken of requirements of the 
plants in each separate department. 

VENTILATION, with the increasing power of the sun’s rays, will require 
great attention in this often very wild month. Fresh air must be admitted 
on all favourable occasions in every department, as this is essential to the 
welfare of all Orchids. 

WATERING will also require considerable attention, and perhaps, at the 
present season, one requires more patience than at any other, as the plants 
have not yet began to take up water in quantity. Make sure that the 
plants actually require water before it is applied to them, and special care 
must be taken in the case of newly-potted plants. 

SHADING, if not already put into position on the houses, should have 
immediate attention, for we may soon have a period of clear sunny weather. 
After such a season as the one we have passed through, the plants will not 
be able to withstand bright sunshine until they have been inured gradually 
to it. 

PREPARING CoMposT.—Every opportunity should be taken to prepare 
composts, so that when the busy season comes the most may be made of 
the time at the grower’s disposal. It is sound business to repot any plant 
whenever the compost shows sign of decay, for it is much easier to keep a 
healthy growing plant than to nurse an unhealthy one back to good health. 

Decipvous Orcuips.—The deciduous Calanthes, Thunias, Cyrto- 
podiums, and similar plants will soon be ready for repotting, having started 


2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaARCH, 1917+ 


into growth. Good fibrous yellow loam is the chief element of the compost 
for the plants. This applies to all plants which delight in a high tempera- 
ture. If the loam is not of the best quality, one half peat fibre may be 
aused with advantage. Personally, I do not advise a rich rooting compost 
in any case, but rely on generous feeding when the plants are well rooted. 
The compost should be placed in a warm place to get fairly dry and warm 
‘before being used, as much harm may accrue if the plants are placed in a 
cold compost. Whilst in growth these plants require plenty of heat and 
moisture, and must not be exposed to the direct rays of the sun. 

Puatus.—These plants succeed in a similar compost to the preceding, 
and under the same cultural conditions. Any plants that are in need of 
new rooting material should have attention just before the new growth 
commences to push roots. 

CympipiuMs.—There are now so many beautiful hybrids of this 
easily-grown genus, in addition to the species, that no collection is complete 
without some of them. All require similar treatment, and I refrain from 
giving a list of varieties. These plants also delight in a compost similar to 
that used for Calanthes, but succeed in a cool Intermediate temperature, 
‘with an abundance of fresh air. In fact, they succeed, if treated like warm 
greenhouse plants, but should be placed out of direct draughts. 

CypRIPEDIUMS of the winter-flowering section that may need more pot 
room, or new material, should have attention as they pass out of flower. 
The compost advised in last month’s issue will answer their requirements. 
The sooner the repotting is completed the better, for the plants quickly 
re-establish themselves, and make much stronger growths than when left to 
a later period. 

Vanpas.—Such plants as Vanda teres, V. Hookeriana, V. Miss Joaquim, 
with Renanthera coccinea, and others which succeed under the same 
conditions, should now be placed in their growing quarters. These plants 
enjoy all the light possible, therefore a light position in the East Indian 
house or plant stove should be selected for them. The surroundings should 
be kept moist at all times, and in bright weather they may be syringed 
overhead once or twice a day. 

CaTTLEyAs and the allied genera will now require more attention. 
Plants which have flowered and are commencing to make new roots, should 
be repotted if they require it. It is necessary that the compost should be 
kept in asweet and healthy condition at all times, therefore the material 
used should be thoroughly cleaned. There is a diversity in the rooting 
powers of individual plants, some making strong and robust roots, others 
small and feeble ones, and this should be an index, so to speak, to the size 
of the pots or pans to be used. The strong growers may be given larger 
pots, while the feeble roots should be more restricted. A suitable mixture, 


MaRCH, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63 


which I have used with the best results for some years, is composed of the 
following materials: equal portions of peat, Ar and osmunda fibres, and 
sphagnum moss, all thoroughly cleaned and used in a rough state. If any 
difficulty is found in getting osmunda or good peat fibre, Ar fibre and 
sphagnum moss will make a suitable compost, the amount of sphagnum 
being proportionately reduced. The water question must be studied closely 
at all times, no matter what the nature of the compost may be. 

PLEIONES.—The late-flowering Pleiones, such as P. humilis and P. 
Hookeriana should have attention as regards repotting should it be 
necessary. Shallow pans are the best receptacles, and a compost as 
advised for the earlier-flowéting varieties, P. maculata, lagenaria and 
others, which are now growing vigorously, will satisfy their requirements. 
They are best grown suspended at the warmest end of the Cool house. 

PHALZNopsis that have commenced to make new roots may have 
attention as regards new rooting material, should it be necessary. They 
are best grown in baskets suspended from the roof, and delight in 
abundance of heat and moisture whilst making their growth, and even 
during the winter months a certain amount of atmospheric moisture is 
necessary to their well-being. The Cattleya compost is a suitable rooting- 
medium for them. 

DENpRoBIuMS of the deciduous section will now be responding to the 
influence of increased light and heat, and flower buds will develop quickly, 
and make a good show. Asa means of prolonging the display some plants 
may be removed to cool quarters, but this is not to be recommended in 
the case of weak growers or delicate plants. D. Phalaenopsis and its 
numerous hybrids that are developing new growths, and are in need of new 
rooting material, should have attention as soon as new roots are observed 
to be pushing from the base of the young growths. It is perfectly safe to 
repot any plant whenever new roots are observed to be pushing. The chief 
details in the cultivation of this class of plant are plenty of heat, light, and 
moisture whilst in full growth, with a dry rest after blooming. A clean 
fibrous compost made up of equal portions of Ar fibre and sphagnum moss 
answers their requirements. : 

GENERAL REMARKS.—More genial atmospheric conditions can now be 
maintained in the different departments, to which the plants will respond 
readily, but no attempt should be made to hurry them into growth, for 
Nature generally takes her own time, and all we can do is to assist her 
by guarding against adverse conditions. Parasites of every description are 
~ a hindrance, and must be destroyed as soon as their presence is detected. 
The roof glass should also be cleaned from deposits of soot and other 
matters which accumulate during the winter, so as to give the plants the 
benefit of all the light possible. 


64 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ]MaRCH, 1917. 


B AERIDES VANDARUM. ee 
OMPARATIVELY few East Indian Orchids succeed in the Odonto- 
glossum house, but the striking Aérides Vandarum, here figured, is 

one of the exceptions, for a plant of it is again flowering very freely at 
Kew, at one end of this house, where it has had a permanent position on a 
raft for years, and steadily increases in size. Its slender, whip-like leaves 


Fig. 10. AERIDES VANDARUM. 


give it a very distinct appearance, and the flowers are attractive, their 
colour being white, slightly flushed with pink. The position, however, is 
not essential, for Messrs. Cypher grow it equally well in the cool Inter- 
mediate house. It isa native of the Khasia Hills and Munipur, and has 
been known since 1857, when it flowered with Mr. Parker, of Tooting, and 
was figured under the erroneous name of A. cylindrieum (Bot. Mag., t. 4982)- 
The history of the species has already been given (O.R., xiii. pp. 60, 61). 


Maxcn, 1917+] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 65 


| SOCIETIES. | 


4AHE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 

Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on February 13th, but the 
weather was still cold and the display of Orchids small. Two select 
groups, however, received Silver Flora Medals, and other awards were 
made to three interesting exhibits. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Walter Cobb, W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. 
Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, Pantia Ralli, E. R. Ashton, E. H. Davidson, 
Arthur Dye, C. H. Curtis, J. Charlesworth, R. Brooman White, and T. 


Armstrong. 
AWARD OF’ MERIT. 
_ L&LIOcATTLEYA TRIDENT (L. Diana X C. Trianz Backhouseana).—A 
striking hybrid, having the petals feathered with dark purple over three 
parts of their area, and the lip intense purple with a chrome yellow throat. 
The flowers are much larger than:in the Lelia parent. Exhibited by 
‘Messrs. Flory & Black. 
PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

OponToGLossuM ALCIBIADES (eximium X ?).—A very promising 
seedling, having very broad, rounded segments, with a zone of light claret- 
brown blotches below the middle, the ground colour being white. Exhibited 
by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 

EPpIDENDRUM POLYBULBON AND VAR. AUREUM.—To Messrs. Armstrong 
& Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for two very finely-grown specimens, each 
bearing over 100 flowers, those of var. aureum having greenish yellow sepals 
and petals without the usual brown suffusion. The plants were imported 
from Jamaica about fifteen years ago. 

GENERAL. EXHIBITS. 

J. Ansaldo, Esq., Rosebank, Mumbles, S. Wales, sent a hybrid Cypri- 
pedium of the Baron Schréder type, which was remarkable for having 
developed three flowers on separate scapes at the apex of the growth. The 
dorsal sepal was well blotched with purple. 

C. B. Heywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. J. Harris), sent 
Cypripedium Mary, of unrecorded parentage, but the general character 
suggested the influence of C. Harrisianum and possibly some C. Charles- 
worthii hybrid. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Cresswell), sent 
Leliocattleya Santa-Fe (Le. Copia X C. Enid), a fine blush white hybrid, 


66 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [MaRcH, 1917. 


with the front lobe of the undulate lip purple and some yellow lines in the 
throat. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a good group 
of hybrids, containing a well-flowered plant of the graceful Maxillaria 
sanguinea, Cypripedium Cupid, C. Daisy-Barclay, and C. Helen II. Orchid- 
hurst var., Odontioda Amethyst, Charlesworthii, and Madeline, a fine plant 
of Odontoglossum illustrissimum Orchidhurst var., O. Amethyst Glebelands 
var., the fine O. crispum Luciani, and a number of promising seedlings, 
including O. Fabia (Aglaon X eximium), a richly-coloured flower, O. Ancre 
(Mars X armainvillierense), white, with zones of chocolate blotches, good 
forms of O. eximillus, promerens, Peerless, Conqueror, and others (Silver 
Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a group of choice 

things in well-grown examples, including two forms of Brassocatlelia Joan, 
one with deep yellow flowers, the other flame-coloured with a yellow throat, 
fine examples of Leeliocattleya bella alba, Le. Serbia, Lc. Daphne (Lc. 
Gottiana X C. Enid), a fine thing, having blush-white sepals and petals 
and a purple-crimson lip, Le. Miranda (Dominiana x St.-Gothard), a 
charming novelty, having rose-coloured sepals and petals, and a purple lip, 
with lilac margin and deep yellow lines in the throat, good examples of 
Odontoglossum Jasper and armainvillierense xanthotes, and _ several 
brilliantly-coloured Odontiodas (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, staged a good example of Brassocattleya. 
Andre-Maron, Bc. Floryi (Bc. Leemanie x C. Empress-Frederick), 4 
promising hybrid, having blush-coloured flowers of good shape, with a rosy 
zone round the yellow disc of the lip, Sophrocattleya warnhamensis, the 
new Sophrocatlelia Myra (described at page 5), and the clear yellow 
Cypripedium Glorita. 


Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged good examples of Cymbidium , 


Alexanderi, Sybil, and Corona (Lowianum x Schlegelii), with a good form 
of Sophrocattleya Saxa bearing two flowers. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, sent a good ‘oe of f Laeliocattleya 
Sir Douglas Haig (Lc. Henry-Greenwood x C. Octave-Doin). 

On February 27th there was a larger display of Orchids, and a feature of 
the meeting was a fine hybrid Eulophiella from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., 
which gained a First-class Certificate. Other awards were two medals, 
three Awards of Merit, and a Preliminary Commendation. 

Orchid Committee present :—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, Arthur Dye; 


W. H. Hatcher, T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, E. R. Ashton, R. A. Rolfe, 
‘and R. Brooman White. 


Ce ee 


Marcu, 1917 | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67 


FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATE: 

EULOPHIELLA ROLFEI (Elisabethe xX Peetersiana).—A striking hybrid, 
most like a dwarfed E. Peetersiana in habit and in the colour of. the 
flowers, but intermediate in other respects. The inflorescence is stout and 
about three feet high, and it bore twelve flowers and four buds, the former 
over 2% inches across, with rosy purple sepals and petals of waxy texture, 
and a white, three-lobed lip, with a purple apex, and several yellow crested 
keels on the disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CYMBIDIUM INSIGNE ALBUM.—A charming white variety, bearing an 
inflorescence of eleven flowers, with the disc of the lip yellow, and a few 
obscure pale buff blotches on the side lobes. Exhibited by Messrs. Arm- 
strong & Brown. 

MILTONIA VENUS (vexillaria X Phalenopsis)—A charming little plant, 
with much of the general character of the seed-bearer, but the lip spotted 
with ruby crimson, and the base yellow, with radiating crimson lines. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

ODONTIODA JOAN BROADLANDS VAR. (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. 
armainvillierense).—A brilliantly-coloured variety, bearing very deep ruby- 
red flowers, the lip being paler with ruby-red blotches and the disc yellow. 
Shown by E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells. 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

ODONTIODA MADELINE VAR. OpaL (Oda. Charlesworthii X Odm. 
crispum).—A seedling of good shape and exceptionally dark brownish 
claret-colour, with some deep rose on the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Arm- 
strong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a brilliant group, 
the prominent feature being about thirty well-grown Odontiodas, including 
forms of Charlesworthii, Madeline, one with much yellow in the ground 
colour, Lambeauiana, Brewii, Patricia, Wilsonii, Joan, Cooksoniz, Diana, 
Royal Gem, and O. Sensation (Oda. Vulystekee xX Odm. crispum), 
Cattleya Trianz alba, C. Enid alba, Brassocattleya Cliftonii, a handsome 
form of Odontoglossum Aglaon, O. eximium xanthotes, and O. Norta 
(Jasper X Phoebe), most like the former but with more acuminate segments 
(Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Sander & Sons exhibited a good group, including forms of 
Miltonia Bleuana, Cymbidium Pauwelsii, and Gottiana, Leliocattleya Serre 
(Lc. bletchleyensis X C. Percivaliana), having pale rose sepals and petals 
and a purple lip, Brassocattleya Andre-Maron var. amabilis, Odontoglossum 
percultum, Xylobium leontoglossum, the rare Eria globifera and E. clausa, 
Platyclinis glumacea var. valida, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). - 


68 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ MarcH, 1917. 


Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a small group 
of choice things, including Sophrocattleya Atreus gloriosa (S. grandiflora X 
C. Lawrenceana), a dark scarlet form, Cattleya Clotho magnifica, Sophro- 
catlelia Iris (Lc. Thyone X Sc. Doris), having cowslip yellow sepals and a_ 
rose-purple lip, with yellow lines in the throat, Brassocattleya Leemanie, 
Odontoglossum eximillus, Odontoda Armstrongii var. Jupiter, with ruby 
crimson flowers, and a few others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good Cattleya Blackii alba 
(Mendelii alba X Gaskelliana alba), and Brassocatlelia Harrisonii (Lc. 
Juno X Bc. Leemaniz), showing some of the influence of Lelia majalis in 
the lip. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent Brassocattleya speciosa 
(Bc. Veitchii X C. Schroederze) a blush-white hybrid, with pale yellow lip, 
a good Bc. Menda, and Leliocattleya Calabria (Lc. Myra x C. Schroedere), 
primrose yellow, with the front lobe of the lip orange-coloured. 


MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February 
1st, the members of Committee present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme 
(in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, 
J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, D. McLeod, W. 
Shackleton, and H. Arthur (Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Cypripedium Lloyd-George (aureum Hyeanum xX Beeckmanii), a fine 
well-set flower, with broad petals, and the dorsal sepal with a broad margin 
of white; C. Alcibiades magnificum West Point var., similar in form and 
colour to C. Alcibiades illustre ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Brassocattleya Bianca var. Ashworthiz (Bc. The Baron xX C. Mendelii), 
a large flower, of good form and rich colour, with well-balanced lip; from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda Linda (Oda. Diana X Oda. amabile), Odontoglossum 
waltonense Conyngham var. (polyanthum X crispum), and Cymbidium 
Alexanderi var. Enchantress (eburneo-Lowianum xX insigne); from Dr. 
Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum crispum aureum superbum, and Odontioda Madeline 
var. superba (Odm. crispum Britannia x Oda. Charlesworthii); from P. 
Smith, Esq. 

Sophrocattleya Ashworthiz (Doris X Blackii); from R. Ashworth, Esq- 

AWARDS OF A ION. 

Odontoglossum Peerless var. The Buff (Ossulstonii x eximium), and O. 

Mersey Star (eximium X King Emperor); from P. Smith, Esq. 


Marcu, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69 


Odontoglossum Dr. Andrea Angel (crispum Lucianii X moorte- 
bekiense) ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontioda Armstrongii (Odm. Armstrongiz xX Oda. Vaylstekii, and 
Odontoglossum Doris (Ossulstonii x crispum; from Messrs. Arm- 
strong & Brown. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. 
Davenport), for a fine group. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. 
E. Rogers); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Thompson) ; 
Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); S. 
Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Jemmison) ; Messrs. Sander & Sons, 
St. Albans; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge (including Lzeliocattleya 
Beatrice, from Lc. Smilax xX L. anceps Schrcederiana) ; Messrs. Keeling 
& Sons, Bradford; Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, and 
Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, several of which appear in the list of awards. 


At the meeting held on February 15th, the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. J. Keeling, D: McLeod, W. Shackleton, 
H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Mrs. E. W. Thompson, of good shape, 
with brown blotches on the sepals, and the fringed petals solid reddish 
brown with white margin, and Odontioda Diana magnifica, a large flower 
of good colour; from P. Smith, Esq. 

Brassocatleelia Joan var. Mrs. Gratrix, with the flower of good form, and 
of a beautiful apricot-yellow shade ; from Mrs. Gratrix. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi exquisitum, a large flower of good shape, and 
the lip with small crimson markings ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum Jasper var. Ashworthiaz, and var. Moonlight, Cattleya 
Mabel (Warneri alba X Susanne Hye de Crom), and Brassocattleya Bianca 
var. Daphne; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Ceres Sir Trevor Lawrence’s var. (Rolfeze X Rossii), 
and O. Cobbiz var. Mars; from P. Smith, Esq. 

Cattleya Enid var. Mrs. Gratrix; from Mrs. Gratrix. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum var. Caroline ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum amabile Gilroyd var. ; from John Hartley, Esq. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 

To Mr. Davenport (gr. to R. Ashworth, Esq.), for —— 

Jasper Masereelianum. 


70 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (MarcH, 1917, 


A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq,, Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a very fine group, in which Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas, with the Cattleya group, were prominently represented. 


e 
is 
" 
i 


Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Medal for 


a good group of Cypripediums, Calanthes, and white forms of Lelia anceps, 
with the rare Masdevallia gargantua, Ccelogyne intermedia, and others. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. 
Mr. Jemmison) ; P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Thompson) ; 
Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran) ; John 
Hartley, Esq., Morley (gr. Mr. Coope); Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooks- 
bridge, Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Brad- 
ford, a number of which appear in the above list of awards. 


ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 4 


WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 

London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 

March, on the 13th and 27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at 
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 1st and. 15th. 
The Committee sits at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection 
from 1 to4 p.m. The following meeting is fixed for April 5th. 


We learn that Mr. F. Gover has been appointed gardener to R. G. 
Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham, Mr. E. Hannington having been 
called to the colours. 

The Horticultural Directory and Year Book has reached its fifty-eighth 
year of publication, and a copy of the issue for 1917, which has just reached 
us, show that it is as indispensable as ever to horticulturists. There 
is a County Directory of the principal gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, 
also one of Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, as well as an alph- 
abetical list of gardeners, with lists of Horticultural Societies, Schools 
and Colleges, Parks, &c. The Novelties of 1916 include descriptive lists of 
the plants certificated by the Royal Horticultural and other Societies, and 
the Obituary for the year includes, under the heading “‘ Pro Patria,” 
particulars of twenty members of the profession who have given their lives 
in fighting for the Old Country and, we have not the slightest hesitation in 
saying, the cause of right and justice. It is published by the proprietors 
of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, 
London, W.C. : 


MaRCH, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 1 


A very varied and beautiful series of thirteen seedlings of Odontioda 
Madeline (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. crispum) is sent by Messrs. 
Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. They show various shades of 
crimson and scarlet,.in some cases with traces of yellow on the ground 
colour. A further note about them will be found on page 52. 


“THe Orcuip REviEW.—The twenty-fourth volume of the Orchid 
Review is dedicated to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, ‘an 
enthusiastic and highly successful amateur of Orchids fora period of over 
half a century,’ which reminds us that the Review has flourished for a 
period nearly equalling that for which the Reichenbachian Herbarium was 
sealed up. The interest is well maintained, this and the two later numbers 
containing articles on Albinism and Colour in Orchids, by R. G. Thwaites, 
Esq., and M. Ch. Maron; a Parasitic Orchid Fungus which has been 
identified from Glasnevin; the Glympton collection of Orchids, in which 
the experiences of an amateur are detailed ; a review of Dr. Lotzy’s work, 
‘Evolution by Hybridisation ;’ Orchids fifty years ago, based on records in 
our own pages of that period; and numerous other interesting notes and 
figures. We congratulate the. Editor on his continued success.”’—Gardeners’ 
Chronicle. 


Ovontociossum Fe.ix.—A flower of a pretty hybrid derived from 
-Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, has been sent by R. G. Thwaites, Esq., 
Chessington, Streatham, but the other parent is, unfortunately, unknown. 
The petals have an expanse of 2% inches, and though broad below are 
acuminate above, this and the dark red-brown spotting much recalling O. 
Pheebe, or possibly a good O. Andersonianum. ' The sepals are less spotted, 
and both have a lilac-purple ground colour, and are strongly recurved. The 
lip is narrow and slightly pandurate, the basal half deep yellow, with a few 
red markings, and the front white, with a crimson-brown blotch in front of 
the crest. Other seedlings may, perhaps, suggest a further clue. 


A FREAK CypRIPEDIUM.—I read with interest the notes on Abnormal 
Cattleyas (O.R., xxiv. pp. 260, 261, 282). I am sending you a bloom of 
Cypripedium Euryades New Hall Hey var., which you will see has two 
dorsal sepals. There is another bloom on the plant that is quite normal. I 
have grown a number of Cypripediums for twenty years, but have never 
seen one like this before, and think it may be of interest.—J. DEANE WILLIS, 
Bampton Manor, Codford St. Mary, Wilts. Aa 

[A curious freak, which has the additional merit of beauty, for the two 
spreading dorsal sepals, copiously blotched with purple on a white ground, 
are very striking. It recalls a case of the same variety from. the collection 


72 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Marcn, 1917. 


of J. J. Holden, Esq., of Southport, where a single flower had’ this 
character, but all the rest on the plant were normal (O.R., xx. p- 128). 
This handsome variety seems prone to the production of such flowers, for a 
plant was sent some years ago by Mr. G. H. Moore, Esq., of Bourton-on- 
the- Water, Glos., to show the peculiarity, and it has since flowered several 
times in the Kew collection, the flowers having mostly the bizarre character — 
‘mentioned, with occasionally a normal one.—Ep.| : 
CyPRIPEDIUM DEsDEMoNA Happon House var.—This very handsome 

hybrid, from the collection of Philip Smith, Esq., Haddon House, Ashton- 
on-Mersey, received a First-class Certificate from the Manchester Orchid 
Society on February 18th last. It was derived from C. Alcibiades 
x Mrs. Carey Batten, and a flower is now sent by Mr. E. W. Thompson, 
who remarks that it has been out for nearly six weeks. The shape is 
excellent, and the nearly flat dorsal sepal, which measures 2% inches across, 
has a broad white margin all round, and a bright green centre, copiously 
blotched with dark brown. The petals and lip recall C. villosum, but the 
former are nearly horizontal, and are 14 inches broad. It is a fine example 
‘of the improvement that is being effected in these useful winter-flowering 
plants. 


OponToGLossuM Tackil.—A pretty little hybrid, derived from Odonto- 
glossum blandum xX Rolfez, of which flowers have been sent by Messrs. 
Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook. The sepals and petals are lanceolate, 
acuminate, and copiously spotted with reddish purple on a white ground, 
while the lip is well developed, somewhat pandurate, and white with a few 
purple markings in front of the yellow crest. It is dedicated to Mr. E. 
Tack, Messrs. Low’s able Orchid grower. 


*) 


7 3] 83 eer 
ES ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Eis 


[Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are 
requested to give the native cour or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be 
sent if a ae by post is desired (abroad, or postcards should be used). Subjects of special 
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work]. 


.C,—The flower shows unmistakably the influence of Cypripedinm insigne, and we 
think of C. Boxallii rather than of C. ‘villosum ich would make it a form of C. 
Schlesingerianum. We cannot trace the presence of a third species. It is not impossible 
that one of the parents may have been a hybrid, but we carnot trace the presence of a third 
species: : 

E.W.T.— Many thanks. We hope to see the flowers in due course. 

gret a delay in the supply of binding cases, and some bound volumes for last 
_— but, owing to the abnormal conditions, our binders have not yet been able to supply 
them, 

ERRATA,.— The figures at pp. 32, 33 and 40 of our last issue should have been 
numbered Fig. 5,6, and 7. Readers are requested to make the necessary alterations. 


| 


e : i ¢ 
23 A Ee: 
x The Orchid Review 4 


es 
*) 

VoL. XXV. APRIL, 1917. No. 292. 
Qe ie) 


</ 


ee OUR NOTE BOOK. Fe] 


|’ is interesting to watch the steady accession of secondary and more 

complex hybrids of the popular genera which now appear so regularly 
at our horticultural meetings, and which so largely monopolise the award 
lists. To take the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the 
first three months of the present year, we find that fifteen of the twenty 
certificates issued have been gained by plants of this kind, while four others. 
have been primary hybrids, leaving one solitary example—Cymbidium 
insigne album—for an imported plant. In addition to those which 
gained certificates there were several other promising hybrids that will be 
heard of again when they have attained their full development. Here lies- 
a great field for development in the future. Many of the more popular 
garden Orchids have been combined in various ways, and the best of the 
primary hybrids have been again united among themselves, especially those 
which promise to yield new developments, the result being a vast number 
of seedlings from which desirable parents can be selected for future work. 
This continued crossing combined with selection of the parents is already 
yielding good results, and promises further developments in the future. In 
fact, the foundation of several distinct races of florists’ Orchids is being 


securely laid. 


In the case of Odontoglossum the additions group themselves largely 
round the popular O. crispum, which has been crossed with almost every 
other species of note, also with species of the allied genera, and selections 
from the resulting hybrids have been recrossed in almost every possible way, 
so much so that some of the more complex hybrids chiefly differ in the 
proportions of their specific composition. This fact,and the wide range of 
variation seen in batches of seedlings from the same capsule, makes it 
impossible in many cases to tell their precise origin by comparison alone, 
and all one can do is to trace the characters of the species entering into 
their composition without knowing their exact descent. 


Something of this kind must have happened with O. crispum in a wild 
73 


y THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1917. 


state, where it grows intermixed with O. gloriosum, luteopurpureum, and q 
Lindleyanum, and, in another locality, with O. Hunnewellianum. Messrs. — 
Veitch long ago remarked that these natural hybrids were indefinite in q 
number, but hiyhly deserving of attentive study, though it was at present | 
hopeless to attempt any satisfactory explanation of their origin. And they 7 
added :— : 

‘From the first it has becn observed of these natural hybrids, that it is — 
an extremely rare occurrence for any two appearing in different importations ~ 
to be identical, although apparently derived from the same two species, and — 
sometimes even sufficiently like each other to come under the same name. 
Nor ought this to be wondered at; the agency by which these hybrids q 
and polymorphisms have been produced, has been in operation for ages past, q 
and it cannot but have happened that a large number of these forms, both 4 
of those that are known, and of those hereafter to be brought to light, are q 
not the immediate offspring of two recognised species or more primitive 7 
types, but are descended from their mixed progeny, further complicated by ~ 
an occasional cross with one or other of themselves. Hence we already q 
possess a number of forms that are “ confluent in series,” of which the two 7 
extremes are too widely separated for the interval to be covered by one, two, — 
or even more intermediate forms.”’ @ 

It was naturally hoped that some of these doubtful points would be- | 
cleared up when the possibility of raising Odontoglossum seedlings in 
quantity in gardens was demonstrated, but although some progress has — 
been made it is far less than was anticipated. The reason has been largely ' 
due to the possibility of using showier things, which happen not to grow — 
with O. crispum, as O. Harryanum and O. Pescatorei, or something that 
promised a new development of colour, as O. Edwardii, and outside the 
limits of the genus such fine things as Cochlioda Neetzliana and some of 
the Miltonias. The experiments have been largely upon parallel lines to 
those met with in nature, with the difference that we have records of many 
of the steps, and, of course, that the experiments have only been carried 
out for a very few generations. 


Such experiments have already indicated some of the difficulties that 
are inseparable from ascertaining descent from experiment, for the wide 
range of polymorphism and the amount of reversion seen among batches of © 
secondary hybrids could hardly have been foreseen. And such results 
must inevitably occur in nature, whatever the species. As regards 
improvement, the hybridist has an immense advantage over nature, in 
being able to select desirable forms as parents at every stage, instead of 
having his improvements swamped by a host of inferior forms. 


ApRIL, 1917 ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75 


| Sica DR. 4thD4 EY: POSES 


> sagrets the most familiar name in the annals of Orchidology is that 


of Dr. Lindley, who for a period of about forty years was the 
historian of the Orchid family, and who may be said to have laid the 
foundations of its classification, at all events so far as tropical Orchids are 
concerned. It may, therefore, be interesting to give the substance of an 
appreciation by his successor, Prof. H. G. Reichenbach, which appeared as 
the preface to the second volume of that author’s Xenia Orchidacea. 

The author remarks :—Instead of introducing this volume with an 
account of my own labours and hopes, I prefer giving some reminiscences 
of a man, whose death, at half-past six o’clock on the morning of November 
1st, 1865, falls within its period of issue—I mean of Lindley. 

John Lindley found no useful work treating of the overwhelming 
majority of Orchids—namely, those with waxy pollen masses. Louis 
Claude Richard’s excellent little memoir is essentially the starting-point of 
our knowledge of European Orchids. True, R. Brown’s earlier celebrated 
elaboration of the Australian Orchids includes thirteen species with waxy 
pollen, referred to four ‘‘ genera”; but there is a total absence of a proper 
appreciation of the important characters. In London our investigator had 
the not always willingly-accorded access to a small collection of specimens 
stuck down on paper, and the gradually increasing numbers of cultivated 
forms, mainly grown at his and Cattley’s instigation, unfolded alluring 
malformations to the yet unprepared mind, such as those which even now 
cause us to look forward with such a suspense to the first flowering of 
many newly-introduced forms. 

During the period of Lindley’s earliest labours many leading men were 
striving to reach the same goal, and discover the key to a systematic 
arrangement of Orchids. Kunth, who was so fortunate as to participate 
in the teaching of the great master, L. C. Richard, unhappily united the 
Ophrydez and the Neottiew, against the opinion of the latter. On the 
other hand, his researches into and separation of the Epidendroid genera 
were far more successful than the contributions of Blume in his Tabellen 
and Bijdragen. Neither the latter, nor Aubert du Petit-Thouars—for 
whom, however, we must conceive a liking if we take him according to his 
times—developed that accuracy of observation in the investigation of the 
contents of the anther which Lindley made his great object, and in which 
ies the greatest merit of his labours among Orchids. R. Brown soon 
retired from the competition. 

Probably we should be right in saying that the self-dependent Lindley 
owed nothing to fortune. We might regard his residence in London as a 


76 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917. 


gift of fortune, but he went thither from Norwich on his own responsibility, 
provided with a single letter of recommendation from his amiable friend, 
William Hooker. To remain there, especially during the critical period of 
the arrangement of Sir Joseph Banks’ library, was a sad task; and for a 
long time the young interloper found no favour, on account of his having 
introduced, in conjunction with the reserved Scot, Brown, the bold 
zoologist, Gray, and the still youthful Hooker, the natural system of the 
hated Frenchman, where the more numerous disciples of Linnzus had 
thought to pass their lives in the glory of pondering and admiring the great 
Swede. 

Lindley possessed, moreover, extraordinarily fine powers of observation, 
very uncommon energy, a brilliant talent for drawing, an acute and truthful 
discrimination, and a happy, appropriate, even poetical style of description, 
which, however, from want of time, he never fully developed. This 
circumstance, too, was the cause of some shortcomings in his monographs. 
The more thoroughly he carried out his first examination, the more he 
considered himself justified in making it the basis of future work. Hence he 
freely took up his old descriptions, and even diagnoses, without alteration; 
and if the materials were insufficient, the results must be still more 
doubtful ; but he was ever ready to defend himself with a repetition of his 
first views, if his statements were questioned. Much too honest not to 
acknowledge with ‘pleasure his errors, if discovered by himself, he was not 
always inclined to be just respecting the representations of others. I 
remember well the case of Calanthe vestita, Wall., whose Epidendrous 
affinities he laughingly refused to study with me from fresh specimens, 
adding, with that humour so characteristic of him: ‘I will never look at 
that stupid plant again.”” It isa remarkable fact that Lindley permitted 
himself to be led by the gardening world, although he was honoured as the 
leader. It was my wish that the union of several genera, rendered 
necessary by the connecting links of new discoveries, should be done by 
himself, especially as I was perfectly satisfied that he recognised the 


necessity for it as fully as I did. ‘‘I should have all the amateurs up in 
arms against me,” he replied. ‘‘ They have had bother enough to get the 
existing names into their heads.” He did not fall into the easy course of 


allowing those gentlemen to retain their own nomenclature. 

I am inclined to believe that Lindley did not possess to a very high 
degree the gift of at once recognising what he had seen before—a gift that 
greatly facilities the labours of the systematist. ‘‘ Let us examine it first,” 
he used to say, when we were looking at anything—and who investigated 
with more pleasure? The mere sight of his favourite, always brightly 
shining, simple ‘‘ Ross,” was sufficient to raise his spirits. Happy as 4 
child, and oblivious of all cares, he would prepare and draw the most 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 77 


delicate flowers with the greatest joy—and he was always endeavouring to 
invest his representations with a certain grace. When finished, he would 
exclaim, with pride, ‘‘ There!” And it was with real satisfaction, doubt- 
less, that he used to say: ‘‘ Ah! I am a dandy in my herbarium.” 

Overwhelmed with duties, he was seldom able to linger leisurely over 
his investigations. His scientific labours were carried on at intervals, when 
he was relieved from the pressure of the most uncongenial official duties. 

Thus, Lindley spent forty of the best years of his life in uninterrupted 
devotion to our favourites, probably unsurpassed in perseverance by any 
monographer, and certainly equalled by few. During the time he, like so 
many other botanists, might have written scores of volumes, which is 
certainly a great recommendation in the eyes of those who estimate a 
scientific man’s efficiency by the number and size of the books he may 
write; but this was an honour he willingly renounced. Before all, it should 
not be forgotten that Lindley never occupied such a position in life as 
would justify anyone in demanding scientific work from him. He never 
belonged to the favoured few, and nobody in wealthy England did aught 
for him in this respect, although the proud Britain willingly lulls himself 
into the belief that his country is also an Eldorado for scientific men. All 
that Lindley accomplished was the free gift of a man who, to the last, was 
engaged in the most severe exertions his vital powers would endure. 

Thus Lindley passed away without realising his greatest wish—that of 
finishing a second complete elaboration of all Orchids—is the fault of 
circumstances which he had no power to alter, but which others might 
easily have controlled for him. 

Traces of the mental exhaustion which saddened Lindley’s last years 
are to be found in some of his last works. It was exceedingly painful to. 
me when I went to him, the excellent man whom I had known ever since 
1849, and found that he did not remember one of his favourites—he who 
shortly before was one of the most active workers; and he felt the full 
weight of the affliction, upon which he expressed himself with such 
touching eloquence to Bateman and myself. I still see him in the 
verandah at Turnham Green, as he appeared one October evening, when 
he called after me, bidding me not to forget to pay him a visit as often as I 
come to England. Except his household and physician, I was the last 
man who saw him. I was also present at the interment, when Bentham, 
J. D. Hooker, T. Thompson, and many others, paid him the last tribute of 
respect on November 5th. 

We cannot tell how long science, how long botany will be pursued ; but 
we may affirm that, so long as a knowledge of plants is considered 
necessary, so long will Lindley’s name be remembered with gratitude. 


78 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917- 


The foregoing, though interesting as showing some of the personal 
relations between the two men, is very incomplete, even so far as Orchids 
are concerned, and Lindley was a voluminous writer on other subjects. A 
few further details may therefore be acceptable so far as our special subject 
is concerned, and these are partly taken from a long Obituary notice which 
appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1865, pp. 1064-1065, 1082-1083), a 
journal which, in 1841, Lindley helped to found, and which he conducted 
with conspicuous ability for a period of nearly a quarter of a century. 

John Lindley was born at Catton, near Norwich, on the 5th of February, 
1799, being a descendant of a good Yorkshire family. His father was a 
nurseryman of considerable ability, and is known to gardeners as the 
author of A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden. He was educated at 
the Grammar School at Norwich, and shortly after leaving school, at the 
age of sixteen, he went to Belgium on business for Mr. Wrench, a well- 
known seed merchant of Camberwell. On his return he remained for a 
short time with his father, but owing to the latter’s reverses in business, 
Lindley was left to fight for himself, and, being introduced by his friend 
William Hooker to Sir Joseph Banks, proceeded to London in 1818 or 
1819, as Assistant Librarian to the latter. Sir Joseph recommended him 
to William Cattley, who was desirious of finding an Editor for his 
Collectanea Botanica, a work which was published in 1821, and which 
includes figures of Cattleya labiata, C. Loddigesii, and various others, which 
were among Lindley’s earliest contributions to Orchidology. The work, it 
may be added, was not limited to Orchids. 

In 1882 Lindley was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Horticultural 
Society of London, and soon afterwards commenced that long series of 
description of Orchids and other plants with which his name will always be 
associated. In 1824 he became associated with the Botanical Register, and 
soon became a regular contributor. Aéranthes grandiflora (t. 819), with 
the date Aug. 1824, is the first Orchid with the initials, “J.L.” In 1829 
(vol. xv.) he became Editor of the work, the title page being inscribed 
‘“‘Contributed by John Lindley.” It was thus carried on until 1847, when 
it ceased publication, though his Orchid studies were soon continued in the 
three volumes of Lindley and Paxton’s Flower Garden, which superseded 
Paxton’s Magazine of Botany. 

Besides the works above mentioned, Lindley. published separately the 
following : Orchidearum Sceletos, a sketch of the Tribes of Orchids with 2 
classified list of the genera (1826); Sertum Orchidacearum, a magnificent 
volume in folio, with beautifully-coloured plates, mostly drawn by Miss 
Drake (completed in 1838), and Orchidacee Lindeniane, an enumeration of 
the Orchids collected in Columbia and Cuba, by M. J. Linden (1846). Of 
papers contributed to serial publications no fewer than nineteen are 


APRIL, 1917:] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79 


enumerated in the Royal Society’s Catalogue of Scientific Papers, ranging 
from 1827 to 1858, and including papers on Chilian Orchids ; Cuming’s 
South American Orchids; Notes on the genus Epidendrum; a Century of 
New Genera and Species of Orchids ; Drege’s Cape Orchids; Anatomy of 
the Roots of the Ophrydez ; Mueller’s Australian Orchids; Contributions 
to the Orchidology of India, and of West Tropical Africa; Wright’s Cuban 
Orchids, and others, showing to some extent how great his activities were. 

Lindley was the recipient of many honours. He was a member of most 
of the important botanical and horticultural societies of Europe, and his 
title of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred by the University of Munich 
in 1832. In 1857 he received the Royal Society’s Medal, in recognition of 
his valuable contributions to scientific Botany, more especially to 
Orchidology, and in presenting the medal the President, Lord Wrottesley, 
alluded to the patience and skill that Dr. Lindley manifested in the 
dissection of the singularly complicated structure of the Orchids, his quick 
appreciation of affinities, and the lucidity of his style. 

Dr. Lindley had been in bad health for some years before he-died, partly 
as the result of overwork, but his death was unexpectedly sudden. He 
retired to rest as usual on Tuesday, October 31st, but early next morning 
was seized with a fit of apoplexy, from which he gradually sank. 

Dr. Lindley’s unrivalled Herbarium of Orchids, to which he devoted 
much of what may be termed his leisure time, was purchased by Govern- 
ment in 1865, and is permanently preserved in the Herbarium at Kew. 


THE BLUE ORCHID OF Borneo. —The following note has just met our 
eye (Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 1132): ‘In Mr. F. Boyle’s book just published, 
Adventures in Borneo, which were accomplished in 1863, occurs the following 
passage (p. 60): ‘ For its flowers Bidi is deservedly famous; from thence 
have been obtained some of our finest Orchids and Delitra. The celebrated 
Blue Orchid was discovered accidentally by Mr. Bentley upon the bough of 
a tree which he had passed a hundred times. As he described it to us, the 
blossoms hung in an azure garland from the branch, more gracefully than 
art could design. The specimen then discovered is, I believe, the only 
one at present known, and both Malays and Dyaks are quite ignorant of 
such a flower, though they begin to be aware of the present mania for 
Orchidsin England, and to distinguish the rarer species.’ Canany of your 
readers inform me what are ‘ Delitra?’ And what is meant by this unique 
Blue Orchid which Mr. Boyle alludes to as the celebrated ? ’—P.H.G. 

As the question about the Blue Orchid has been a long time unanswered 
—we believe the title has since done duty for a whole series of articles in the 
Boy’s Own Paper—without clearing the matter up, we suggest, Arachnanthe 
Lowii seen through coloured spectacles.—Eb. 


80 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | APRIL, 1917. 


BePe FHL 
oa O B [ Ay U A R bs . eae 


HARLES WINN.—The death is announced, on March Ist, on the 
eve of his eighty-eighth birthday, of Mr. Charles Winn, The Uplands, 
Selley Hill, Birmingham, a prominent Orchidist during the latter part of 
the nineteenth century. Early readers of the Orchid Review will remember 
the account of the Selly Hill collection, which appeared at pp. 261-264 0 
our second volume, and also the sale of the collection some two years later 
through Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. (O.R., iv. pp. 256, 290). Mr. Winn 
‘was for many years a very enthusiastic Orchidist. As long ago as 1881 


Fig. 11. CyMBipium WINNIANUM. 
(Raised by the late Mr. C. Winn.) 


Reichenbach dedicated to him Masdevallia Winniana, which flowered in 
his collection, and five years later, when dedicating to him Cypripedium 
Winnianum, a hybrid raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons from C. 
villosam X Druryi, he alluded to Mr. Winn as “ one of my very assiduous 
correspondents, who is so very famous for his splendid Masdevallias, among 
which the little-known gorgeous port-wine coloured M. Roezlii has often 
flowered.”’ 


Mr. Winn had a quite representative collection, containing several 


APRIL, 1917:] THE ORCHID REVIEW. St 


thousand plants, which, he remarked to us, was his chief pleasure. He 
paid special attention to hybridisation, having at the time of our visit over 
two thousand seedlings of various kinds, besides those germinating or not 


yet potted up, and we remarked that “one block alone contained over 
twelve hundred nice little plants, which will probably yield some surprises 
in the future.” Several interesting hybrids were raised in the collection. 
Cymbidium Winnianum was the second hybrid Cymbidium raised, and was 
described in the first issue of the present work (p. 22). Its parents were 
recorded as C. giganteum X eburneum, but it was afterwards found that it 


Fig. 12. DENDROBIUM NESTOR. 
(Raised by the late Mr. C. Winn.) 


came from another batch, and that C. Mastersii was the second parent. 
Dendrobium Nestor (Parishii X superbum) was another noteworthy thing, 
and it may be interesting to reproduce figures at the present time. 

Among Cypripediums we may mention, C. Edith-Winn (Stonei X 
purpuratum), C. Cleopatra (Stonei X cenanthum superbum), C. The Duke 
(Stonei X barbatum), C. Ensign (Harrisianum X barbatum), C. Psyche 
(bellatulum X niveum), and C. Harrisander (Harrisianum X Sanderianum). 
Mr. Winn was one of the first to use C. Chamberlainianum as a parent, 


82 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Apeits 19t7e 


and a curious instance of its habit of producing flowers for a long time in 
succession was recorded. A flower of the species was fertilised and the q 
capsule matured and the seed was sown. Meantime the scape continued : 
to flower, and the young seedlings were up before the last flower on the © 


scape had expanded. Probably C. Maudie (callosum Sandere X 
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum) was the most beautiful hybrid raised by Mr. 


Winn, though the seedlings did not germinate until after the colledtion was a 


sold. The source of some other hybrids may be traced to this collection. 


! - . a . faba : a 
Mr. Winn also crossed Cattleya Dowiana aurea with C. W ; 2 = 


order to prove the parentage of the handsome C. Hardyana, in which he 


was successful, though before the seedlings flowered it had also been raised 3 
in other collections. Failing health and inability to give the collection the — 


same attention as formerly was the cause of its dispersal. Afterwards Mr. 


Winn found recreation in his garden, and also took up the cultivation of , 
Show and Alpine Auriculas, which he exhibited at the meetings of the ‘ 


Midland Auricula & Primula Society at the Edgbaston Botanical Gardens. 


THE CENTENARY OF THE ORCHID BaskeT.—It may be interesting ss! 7 
recall that the present year is the Centenary of the basket method of Orchid 4 
culture—at all events the following, which appeared in the Botanical 


Register in 1817 (t. 220), is the earliest note on the subject that we 
know of :— 

“The most successful mode of treating plants of this nature in these 
climates has been devised by Sir Joseph Banks, to whom we are obliged for 
the opportunity of representing the present specimen, which flowered in the 
hothouse of his garden at Smallberry Green, and had been invented by 
himself. The method he pursues is to place the plants separately in light 
cylindrical wicker baskets or cages, of suitable widths, of which the frame- 
work is of long slender twigs wattled together at the bottom and shallowly 
round at the side; the upper portion being left open that the plant may 
extend its growth in any direction through the intervals, and yet be kept 
Steady in its station, the ends of the twigs having been tied together by the 
twine that suspends the whole to the woodwork of the stove. A thin layer 
of mould is strewed on the floor of the basket on which the rootstock is 
placed, and then covered lightly over with a sufficiency of moss to shade it 
and preserve a due degree of moisture, water being occasionally supplied.” 
The subject is Aérides paniculatum, Ker, now known as Sarcanthus 
paniculatus, Lindl., a native of China. The Orchid basket has since been 
considerably modified, particularly in the way of using more durable 
materials for the framework, and in substituting wire for the twigs. used to 
suspend the basket, but the principal is the same. It is also the earliest 
record of moss being used for surfacing that we know of. 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83 


3 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISTATUM. 8 


A Odontoglossum from Glasnevin proves to be a form of O. cristatum, 
Lindl., which seems to have become rare in cultivation. It is a native 


of Ecuador, and was originally described from materials collected in the 
mountains of Paccha, in 1841, by Hartweg (Lindl. in Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 
152). The species is characterised by the broadly deltoid lip, with large 
spiny crest, and the comparatively narrow, acuminate sepals and petals, 
which are blotched with dark brown on a yellow ground. It was introduced 
to cultivation by M. J. Linden, in 1867, and Reichenbach shortly after- 
wards described three varieties (Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 1014), canaria, 
having bright yellow flowers, with a single blotch on each segment ; Argus, 
yellow, with many purple frecks and speckles (a figure in Ill. Hort., xvii. t. 
21, shows only a few very large blotches), and Dayanum, which he 
suggested might be a hybrid, though a painting by Mr. Day (Orch. Draw., 
xii. t. 26) shows a fairly normal form with a few spots on the segments 
(the ground colour recorded as represented too green through working by 
gaslight). Lehmann afterwards collected both flowering and fruiting 
specimens in the woods above Paccha, Zaruma, and Ayabamba. The 
so-called var. Lehmannii, Regel, belongs to O. cruentum, Rchb. f., whose 
history is given on page 95.—R.A.R. 


PLEIONE REICHENBACHIANA, T. Moore.—It is curious how completcly 
this beautiful little plant has been lost sight of. We do not remember to 
have ever seen it alive, and the only dried specimen at Kew is a shrivelled 
pseudobulb and a capsule sent by the Rev. C. Parish from Moulmein. It 
was originally discovered in the mountains of Moulmein by Col. Benson, 
who, in 1868, sent living plants to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons and to 
Kew, where they flowered simultaneously in November of that year The 
species was then described as Coelogyne Reichenbachiana, Veitch & T. 
Moore (Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 1210), and afterwards figured (Bot. Mag., 
t. 5753). One of the reasons for its rarity may be that it grows ina rather 
out of the way locality, in which connection the following is interesting. 
Mr. John Day has appended the following MSS. note to a copy of the 
description preserved by him (Orch. Draw., xii. p. 68):—‘* Mr. Boxall 
(Low’s collector) writes from Moulmein in 1874: ‘I have just returned 
from Moullotongue, one of the highest mountains in Burma, and on the 
top found Dendrobium Jamesianum, Pleione Reichenbachiana, and about 
fifty of the beautiful Cymbidium Parishii. It was very cold. I put on 
four flannel shirts and two thick coats, and then I shivered with cold.’ ” 
Such mountain plants would require a fairly temperate climate.—R.A.R. 


8y THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aprit, 1917. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
Hess s. 


ssie, E. York 


[ CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL. 


HE sudden changes of weather often experienced during April makes 


this month a trying period to all who have the management of a 


collection of Orchids. The many changes in the weather make it almost q 
impossible to keep the temperatures of the houses regular, although shading 4 
and ventilation, if carefully attended to, goa great way in averting harmful ~ 


fluctuations. 
TEMPERATURES.—Now that the conditions of growth are more genial, 
the temperatures of the different houses may be raised five degrees higher 


than the figures given in the January Calendar, with the exception of the — 


Cool house, which should be kept as near the same figures as possible. 
The health of the plants depend entirely on the conditions provided for 
them, therefore it is imperative that every attention should be given to this 
matter. 

WATERING.—With the brighter days, and the increased power of the 
sun, the plants will require more water, both at the roots and in the 
atmosphere, but it will still require to be applied with discretion. Watering 
is often a difficult problem to amateurs, as individual plants, even of the 
Same species and variety, vary considerably in the amount of water taken 
up. Some make the mistake of giving too little by over-cautiousness, 
while some go to the other extreme in deluging the plants with water. 
Again, it is most difficult to lay down a general law as regards the applica- 
tion of water to plants, because what one person would consider wet, 
another would consider dry, therefore it was quite obvious that an inter- 
mediate course between the two is much the best to pursue, although there 
is not much perspecuity in the matter. 

VENTILATION, with the milder outside conditions, may be on a more. 
liberal scale, and, with extended experience, I still adhere to the opinion 
that no plants can thrive indoors without fresh air, hence the necessity of 
recharging the houses daily with this, to my mind, essential factor. It 
must, however, be done judiciously, and with caution, as draughts are 
most harmful, especially at this particular season. 

SHADING.—During this fickle month the blinds will require a great deal 
of attention, but there is not the least need to keep working them for every 
trifling gleam of sunshine. Keep them down on all changeable days and 
up whenever there is no fear of the sun scorching the foliage. At this 
particular season of the year, after an extremely dull and wet winter, the 
foliage of most Orchids is more apt to get scorched by sunshine than after 
a winter when clear bright weather predominates. It is best to err on the 


se he) ha 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW 85 


side of a little too much shade than get the foliage permanently disfigured, 
but the plants should be gradually inured to stand a reasonable amount of 
light and sunshine. There are so many of these small details which all are 
essential to successful cultivation which make it hard for amateurs in 
particular to grasp. Some of these must be left unexplained, for no one 
can put a life’s experience in a few articles. 

CyPRIPEDIUMS.—Although at the time of writing there is, with me, a 
considerable amount of the later-flowering varieties of the winter-flowering 
section of these useful plants still in bloom, every means must be taken to 
repot any that require it immediately their flowers have faded. Plants 
starved for the want of new material seldom attain such vigour and health 
as plants which have had proper attention as they required it. It is much 
easier to keep even a bad-growing plant going than to nurse a sickly or 
starved one back to robust health. When all are repotted or gone through, 
it is advisable to overhaul and thoroughly clean them before putting them 
in their growing quarters. Each plant must have room to develop its 
growth, and, with proper care, should not require overhauling again till the 
autumn, when, previous to flowering, they will be the better for cleaning 
again. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIED GENERA.—These beautiful Orchids command 
so much attention at the present day, and as their beautiful flowers are at 
hand the whole year round, they richly deserve it, although it appears there 
are some who do not succeed quite as well as they would wish in their 
cultivation. For the benefit of those amateurs who are starting their 
cultivation I will try and make my remarks on this particular family as 
explicit as possible. Those plants which have produced their flowers 
during the winter months should have attention as regards repotting (should 
it be necessary) as soon as it is observed they are about to push new roots. 
This is easily observed by a quantity of little pimples appearing upon the 
rhizome. The plant should be potted firmly, especially in the material 
now obtainable. A clean fibrous compost is essential, made up either of 
clean peat, Ar or osmunda fibre, with clean sphagnum moss. I use them 
in equal proportions, with the very best results. After repotting, water 
must be applied to the new compost with extreme care until the new roots 
get fairly into the new material, care being taken that the plant neither 
suffers from too little or too much water. C. Lawrenceana and others that 
are now pushing up their flower spikes should be kept in a fairly dry 
position, and given enough water to keep the compost moist, and prevent 
the pseudobulbs from shrivelling. If the different species and hybrids are 
taken in their respective seasons, and potted and treated as described, not 
much harm will accrue. It is harmful, and a severe check to any plant, to 
pot it at a season when it is not about to produce new roots. 


£6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917. 


L2LIA ANCEPS and its varieties come under the last-mentioned group, 
and, as they require a long season of growth, all that are in need of new 
material should have attention at once. The compost mentioned for the 
preceding answers their requirements. 

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA, with its hybrids, now about to push up their 
flower spikes, must have water whenever they become dry, though they 
must not receive it in such quantities as to destroy the young roots pushing 
from the base of the half-made pseudobulbs. Before the flower spikes 
attain any length it is advisable to thoroughly clean them in some safe 
solution of insecticide, which will be the means of eradicating any thrip or 
insect pests before their flowering season. At the same time any flower 
spikes entrapped in the leaves should be liberated. 

DENDROBIUMS.—These plants were at one time most popular for 
making a display during the early spring months, but their popularity has 
declined considerably, though they comprise a most useful and beautiful 


class of plants. Many of those which produced their flowers early are 


now developing into growth, which will produce new roots when they 
attain a few inches in height. This is the best and proper season to 
supply fresh rooting material to any requiring it. They succeed 
in either pots, pans, or baskets, according to their character, and they 
delight in a clean fibrous compost of Ar fibre and sphagnum moss. The 
water must pass readily away; therefore, whatever the receptacles used, 
they must be well drained. No water should be given until the new roots 
are seen to be seen pushing through the compost. The plants may be 
slightly sprayed overhead on bright days, but no water must be allowed to 
lodge in the new growths, or decay may set in which will be a severe check 
to the plant. 

ONcIDIUMs.—O. varicosum, and other late-flowering species that are in 
need of new rooting materials may have attention as they start into growth, 
and are about to push new roots from their base. They succeed in the 
same compost as Odontoglossums, but they may receive a more liberal 
supply of half-decayed oak leaves in the compost. O. Marshallianum, O. 
concolor, and others that are developing flower spikes require a moderate 
supply of water to the roots. The warm end of the Cool house provides 
suitable quarters for them the whole year round. Oncidiums, when in full 
growth, and nicely rooted in the compost, delight in abundance of moisture 
both at the root and in the atmosphere. 
taken in watering newly-potted plants. 

ODONTOGLOssuMS AND OponTiopas.—Plants of these genera which 
from any cause are not ina satisfactory condition, may have new material 
given them when their new growths attain a few inches in length, using a 


compost as previously recommended. Nothing is gained by allowing any 


: 
7 
; 


The usual precautions must be 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87 


plant to remain in a decomposed material, and plants repotted between 
seasons require extra attention as regards watering and shading. Odonto- 
glossum citrosmum now pushing up flower spikes may have the water supply 
slightly increased. 

SACCOLABIUMS, AERIDES, and ANGR&CUMS are Old World Orchids 
that may require new compost, and should be attended to at once, for, with 
the increased amount of daylight and sun heat, they will push new roots 
rapidly, and the new roots, being very succulent, are easily broken, so that 
it is advisable to get them done before the danger occurs. Sphagnum moss 

_and fibre makes a suitable compost, and the majority thrive in the warmest 
house. 

RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA is now pushing up its flower spikes, and 
may receive a more liberal supply of water to the roots. This plant, like 
many other members of the Vanda family, delights in plenty of light, but 
not direct sunshine, and a supply of fresh air at all times. Whilst making 
its growth a position close to the glass in an Intermediate house will 
answer its requirements. 

CaTASETUMS, CYCNOCHEs, and MorMOopEsS are quaint and distinct 
Orchids which are not often seen, but, owing to their remarkable and 
interesting flowers they deserve more extended cultivation. After a long 
decided winter’s rest they are now commencing to grow, and must, there- 
fore be no longer kept under resting treatment. Immediately young 
growths are seen to be pushing from the base of the pseudobulbs they 
should be repotted. They are best done annually, and a suitable compost 
is the one used for Cattleyas. The pots must be well drained, the plants 
potted moderately firmly, and the heavy pseudobulbs made secure to a 
stake to prevent them from rocking about. After repotting, water must be 
applied with extreme caution until the roots and young growth get fairly 
growing. . Whilst making their growth they require a position close to the 
glass in the warmest house, and they should be rested in a house with 
Dendrobiums. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—Enthusiastic Orchid growers will derive much 
pleasure during the present month in observing how quickly a number of 
different species respond to the increase of light and sun-heat. It is 
remarkable how nature responds to the warmth of spring, and, as the 
growing season for most of the plants has commenced, the essential 
conditions for their future welfare must be regularly and systematically 
carried out. Work will come cn apace during the present month, and 
what with the potting, cleaning, and other matters which require attention, 
our hands will find plenty todo. Insect pests must be carefully watched 
for, as they do irreparable damage at this season, and if leaves of plants are 
to carry out their proper functions they must be kept clean and healthy. 


THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917- 


rrsece | es oe Ops 
Reise s PLEIONE YUNNANENSIS. Are 


Se Chinese species of Pleione have been described during recent 
years, but they appear in cultivation very slowly, and the charming 
little P. yunnanensis, which was introduced about twelve years ago by 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, is still the best known of them. It 
received a Botanical Certificate from the Scientific Committee of the Royal 
Horticultnral Society in February, 1906. It is a native of Yunnan, and 


Pig, ¥3. 


a] 


PLEIONE YUNNANENSIS 


was originally discovered by Mr. W. Hancock, F.L.S., in mountain pastures 
at Mengtse, at 7500 feet elevation, being afterwards met with also by 
Mr. A. Henry in the mountains to the north of the same place, at 5500 feet 
elevation. It blooms regularly in the early months of the year. Asin the 


case of the autumn-blooming species, the flowers appear in advance of the 
leaves. Its general character is well shown in the annexed photograph, 
and it may be added that the sepals and petals are bright rose-purple in 
colour, and the lip paler, with some dark purple blotches on the front lobe 
and in the throat. Two or three other Chinese species have been intro- 
duced, but are at present very rare. 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89 


$1 SOC E TIER. i& 


RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on March 13th, and _ pro- 
duced a fair display of Orchids, the awards consisting of three medals, one 
First-class Certificate, one Award of Merit, and one Preliminary Com- 


mendation. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O'Brien (hon. sec.), William Bolton, C. J. Lucas, R. Brooman 
White, Walter Cobb, W. H. White, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, F. J. Hanbury, H. G. Alexander, Stuart Low, and R. A. 


Rolfe. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


L#LIOCATTLEYA GENERAL MAUDE (Le. rubens var. Lambeauiana x C. 
Hardyana).—A superb hybrid, combining some of the dwarf, compact 
habit of Lelia pumila with a very large and richly-coloured flower,. about 
seven inches in diameter, and the sepals, petals, and lip of remarkable 
breadth and substance. The colour is bright rosy mauve with slightly 
darker veining, and the lip darker in colour with yellow veining in. the 
throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

AWARD OF MemrRIT. 

LA#LIOCATTLEYA SERBIA VAR. THE PRESIDENT (Lc. St. Gothard x C. 
Enid).—A very beautiful form, having broad, bright rose-coloured sepals 
and petals, and a ruby-crimson lip with some bright yellow in the throat. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM EXULTANS var. Vulcan (excellens x: Ossulstonii).—A 
very promising seedling, the flower being of excellent shape, and having 
broad, chocolate-red sepals and petals, tipped and margined with light 
yellow, and the lip white, with red-brown blotches in front of the yellow 
crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. J. Collier), 
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a group of well-grown Dendrobiums, 
raised in the collection. They included D. Helius (Wiganiz xX signatum), 
a pretty primrose yellow hybrid, tinged with pink on the petals; D. 
Gatton Jewel (Bartelsianum X melanodiscus), white with chrome yellow 
disc to the lip; D. Gatton Monarch (Lady Colman X nobile Harefield 
Hall), white with rosy lilac tips to the segment and a narrow disc to the 
lip; D. Lady Southgate (Lady Colman X chessingtonense), light primrose, 


go THE ORCHID REVIEW. — [APRIL, 1917: 


with the disc of the lip maroon and the apex purple; D. chessingtonense 
Gatton Park var., D. nobile Sander, a pretty rosy form without a dark 
disc to the lip, D. Rubens elegans, and others. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (Orchid grower Mr. W. H. 
White), sent Cattleya Apelles (Whitei x Mendelii var. King George V.), a 
pretty white form, with some purple on the lip. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a choice group, 
including several promising Odontoglossums bearing their first flower, 
noteworthy among them being O. Bagdad, with a zone of purple spots on a 
white ground, and forms of O. Doris and exultans. Odontioda was repre 
sented by good forms of O. Diana, Madeline, Cupid, Henryi, Ashtonie, 
Charlesworthii, and Leeana. We also noted examples of Dendrobium 
Armstrongia and D. nobile virginale, Cypripedium Holdenii, C. Venus 
Orchidhurst var., with four howers, Miltonia St. Andre, and others (Silver 
Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a brilliant group, 
including good forms of Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes, Lambeauianum, 
Doris, illustrissimum, O. Phoebe with six racemes, Odontonia Magali- 
Sander var. xanthotes, Odontioda Brewii, Sophrocatlelia Meuse (Scl. 
Marathon x Le. callistoglossa), a very richly-coloured and charming 
novelty, Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica and Be. Vilmoriniana, Leelio- 
cattleya Clonia, Brassocattlelia Joan, Cattleya Enid, Lelia harpophylla 
with two racemes, and others (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, 
including Lycaste Skinneri Mrs. G. Hamilton-Smith, a very large and 
richly-coloured form, Leliocattleya Trimyra var. Charm, a pretty white 
form with orange-yellow throat to the lip, a good form of Odontoglossum 
waltonense, Ccelogyne flaccida with four racemes, Cattleya Snow Queens 
C. Mary Sander and C. Cappei, the curious little Bulbophyllum ;mirum 
with fringed petals, B. Watsonianum, Leptotes bicolor, the pretty Eria 
marginata, and others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom, 
a charming albino, a good form of Dendrobium nobile, and two 
Odontoglossums, one a well-coloured seedling O. crispum, the other 4 
hybrid of uncertain parentage, heavily blotched with chocolate-purple on 4 
light ground. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent the richly-coloured 
Dendrobium Thwaitesie Veitch’s var., Lzeliocattleya luminosa aurea, Le. 
Godmanii (Le. Ballii x C. Schroederw), a promising hybrid with fawn- 


coloured sepals and petals and a deep orange lip, Cattleya Trianz alba, 
and Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica. : 


ere. 


April, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. bi 


At the meeting held on March 27th the exhibits were rather more 
numerous, and the awards consisted of three medals, one First-class 
Certificate, and four Awards of Merit. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, R. A. Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, 
E. R. Ashton, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, 
J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, W. Cobb, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, C. J. 
Lucas, R. Brooman White, and W. H. Hatcher. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

CYPRIPEDIUM EurYBIADES THE Baron (Hera Euryades X Alcibiades). 
—A magnificent form, the flower being of exceptional shape and substance. 
The dorsal sepal is white with an emerald green base and numerous large 
purple blotches, while the lip is dark mahogany-red, and the very broad, 
horizontal petals are heavily marked with the latter colour on a rosy yellow 
ground. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green 
(gr. Mr. J. E. Shill). 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

BRASSOCATTLEYA Lapy JELLICOE (Bc. langleyensis xX C. Gaskelliana 
alba).—A very beautiful white flower, with a tinge of rose-colour in the 
sepals, and the throat of the lip orange yellow with a narrow purple line in 
front. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

CATTLEYA ENID VAR. SILVER QUEEN (C. Mossie Reineckeana X 
Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt).—A beautiful pure white form, with 
a deep yellow throat and some yellow lines in front. Exhibited by Messrs. 
Charlesworth & Co. 

OponTIODA ST. QUENTIN (Oda. Zephyr X Odm. Wiganianum).—A 
large and beautiful hybrid, having canary yellow flowers with broad segments, 
each with a cluster of red-brown blotches below, and the lip with a zone of 
the latter colour in front of the yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory 
& Black. 

SoPHROCATLELIA MEUSE VAR. GENERAL NIVELLE (Scl. Marathon X 
Le. callistoglossa).—A charming thing, the flowers being of fine shape, the 
sepals and petals light carmine-rose, and the lip darker, with some yellow 
lines in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

Mrs. Bischoffsheim, The Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. H. Haddon), 
showed Brassocatlelia Queen of the Belgians Warren House var. (BI. 
Veitchii x C. Mendelii), a well-shaped rosy-mauve flower with some yellow 
in the throat of the lip. 

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), 
showed three seedlings, Odontioda warnhamensis (Oda. Cecilia x Odm. 
armainvillierense), a well-shaped dark bronzy-red flower, and a broad 
Pescatorei-like lip with a white apex; Odontoglossum Delta (Rolfee x 


g2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917° 


Othello), a dark flower most resembling the latter, and O. ardentisper, a 
handsomely blotched form. 

William Evans, Esq., Knighton Lodge, Leicester, sent three plants of 
Dendrobium nobile. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), sent 
three plants of a good Brassocattleya. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent a choice group of 
well-grown plants, including the handsome Brassocattleya Cliftonii 
magnifica, six good plants of Miltonia Bleuana, Zygocolax Charlesworthii, 
Odontioda Orion (Odontoglossum Jasper X Oda. Charlesworthii), a dark 
red form, with yellow crest to the lip, and several other Odontiodas, a fine 
Odontoglossum armainvillierense xanthotes with a spike of eighteen flowers, 
a charming form of Sophrocatlelia Meuse, more purple than the one 
certificated, Leliocattleya Percy-Scott, Lc. Thea, and a rose-coloured form 
of Dendrobium Kingianum (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group of well- 
flowered Dendrobiums, including a beautiful form of D. xanthocentrum, D. 
nobile murrhinianum and Perfection, D. Cybelle nobilior, D. Ainsworthii 
splendidissimum, good forms of D. Rubens, D. nobile X Rainbow, and D. 
Rolfez xX Salteri, a charming thing, most resembling the. former in general 
character (Silver Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a good group, including 
fine forms of Cymbidium Alexanderi, C. A. roseum, C. Gottianum, the 
richly-coloured Odontioda Diana, and other brightly-coloured forms, some 
good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and a few blotched hybrids in well- 
grown examples, Cattleya Brenda and Schroederz, Brassocattleya Bianca, 
Leliocattleya Beatrice, and a few good Cypripediums (Silver Banksian 
Medal). 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged an interesting 
group, including two pretty forms of Odontoglossum Corona (Doris X 
armainyillierense), O. crispum memoria Lord Kitchener, a very promising 
seedling, with prettily blotched flowers, Odontioda Cereus Orchidhurst var. 
(Odm. excellens X Oda. Charlesworthii), blotched with Indian red on a 
light yellow ground, two good forms of O. Henryi, and others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, showed a good plant of Lzliocattleya 
Invincible var. Orama, a richly-coloured variety. 


Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, 


including Cymbidium grandiflorum, good forms of C. Alexanderi, Lzlio- 
cattleya callistoglossa, Le. Joy Sander (C. Schroederze ~ Lc. teunasiona a 
Hame-coloured flower with crimson lip, Miltonia Bleuana var. Gen. Joffre, 
a large blush white form with rose-coloured base to the petals and lip, 
Brassocattleya Wotan var. callistoglossa, a large, light-coloured form, Be 


APRIL, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93 


Vilmoriniana, the rare Dendrobium tetragonum, a few good Cattleyas, and 
others. 
MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 
Ist, the members of Committee present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme 
(in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. 
Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. J. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. 
Handley, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. 
Arthur: (Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Leliocattleya Linda (Lc. Arachne X C. Dowiana aurea), a well-set 
flower of even colour; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Gratrixiana (Oda. seedling X O. Bradshawiz Cookson’s 
var.), a large flower with brilliant markings ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cymbidium Sybil Conyngham var. (Pauwelsii X eburneum), and 
Odontoglossum loochristiense Conyngham var.; from Dr. ‘Craven Moore. 

Cypripedium John Clarke var. compactum, and Odontioda Dorothy ; 
from P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontioda Madeline var. Evansiz ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Mary (amabile X crispum Franz Masereel); from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi var. Yvonne; from J. Walker, Esq. 

Cypripedium Iona Carter Place var. ; from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Odontioda Henri; from Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum James O’Brien (Duvivieriannm X harvengtense), Ist 
class, and O. Distinction, 2nd class; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum eximium Papillon, 1st class ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum Fabia (L’Aiglon X eximium); from Messrs. Armstrong 
& Brown. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a very fine group, in which Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas were particularly well represented. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
and Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for fine groups, the former 
consisting of choice Cypripediums. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, 
Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. 
Mr. Thompson); S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Jemmison) ; 
Tom Worsley, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. T. Wood); John Walker, Esq., 


94 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1917. 


Pendleton; Mr. J. Howes, gardener to the late Wm. Thompson, Esq.; 
Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate; Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, 
Tunbridge Wells; Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. Charles- 
worth & Co., Haywards Heath, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford, several 
of which are included in the above list of awards. 


At the meeting held on March 15th, the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, 
P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, 
H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-CLAss CERTIFICATES. 
Odontonia Magali-Sander xanthotes Ashworth’s var., flowers with white 


ground, beautifully marked, with lemon yellow, and Leliocattleya Beatrice — 


var. Ashworthiz (C. Schroeder x Lc. callistoglossa), a large flower, of 
even colour, with round intense crimson lip; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


Cattleya Cowaniz alba var. Princess (C. Mossize Wageneri X intertexta — 


Juliette), a well-shaped white flower, with orange yellow markings in the 
throat of the lip; Cattleya Enid alba var. Fairy Queen (Mossiz 
Reineckeana X Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt), a very fine flower, 
over seven inches across, the petals three inches wide, and the lip broad, 


with lemon yellow throat and heliotrope lines at the base; from P. Smith, — 


Esq. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda Red Cross var. Scarlet Pimpernel, Oda. keighleyensis vat 
magnifica, and QOdontoglossum Louis var. splendens (Ossulstonii X 
Pescatorei Charlesworthii); from P. Smith, Esq. 

Dendrobium Cybele West Point var., and Dendrobium Atherton 
(Rubens grandiflorum x Cybele) ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Perseus (Lady Dillon x Alcibiades illustre) ; from W. R. 
Lee, Esq. 

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum Bagdad (Emperor of India x Jasper), rst class, and O. 
eximium var. rotundiflorum, 2nd class; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum General Maude, tst class ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a very fine group, in which Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas were conspicuous, with other good things. 

Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Medal for 
a fine group, including some profusely-flowered Dendrobiums, with 4 
number of good Brassocattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Cymbidiums, and others. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by Philip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- 


APRIL, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 95 


Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. 
Jemmison) ; W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. C. Branch); Messrs. 
Sander & Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, and 
Messrs Hassall & Co., Southgate, several of which appear in the award list. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRUENTUM, Rchb. f.—In a note on Odontoglossum 
cristatum (p. 83) mention is made of a so-called O. cristatum var. 
Lehmannii, Regel, which really belongs to O. cruentum, Rchb. f., and it 
may be interesting to give the history of the latter very rare species. O. 
cruentum was described and figured in 1873 (Rchb. f. Xen. Orch., ii. 
p. 174, t. 174, fig. 1), from materials collected at Chuquibamba, 
Ecuador, by Gustav Wallis, the figure being prepared from a sketch by the 
latter, and for a long time nothing further seems to have been known about 
it. It was in 18go that the figure of the so-called O. cristatum var. 
Lehmannii was figured (Regel Gartenfl., xxxix. p. 59, t- 1315, fig. 2), the 
plant, which flowered at the Royal Botanic Garden, Berlin, having been 
received from Consul Lehmann, of Popayan (who probably obtained it from 
Ecuador). As to the name given by Regel, it is difficult to see how a plant 
with two small oblong calli on the lip came to be referred to O. cristatum 
with its large spiny crest, for the two are quite distinct in other respects. 
In 1892 a dried specimen of the same Odontoglossum was sent to Kew by 
“Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., but without any record of 
locality, and in 1899 it flowered at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 
and at Glasnevin, in both cases being submitted for name. The latter 
plant is said to have been sent to Glasnevin by Sir Trevor Lawrence. The 
flowers are rather smaller than in O. cristatum, and the segments some- 
what obtuse, the ground colour being yellow, with some red-brown 
blotching on the segments, and the lip with a pair of short oblong calli. It 
is more nearly allied to O. Lindleyanum. It is very rare in cultivation 
at the present time.—R.A.R. 


to 

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM CANDIDUM.—Flowers of this chaste and 
beautiful albino are sent by Mr. James Hudson, Gunnersbury House, 
Acton, where it is well grown. The variety was introduced by Messrs. Hugh 
Low & Co., Upper Clapton, over forty years ago, and was described by 
Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1876, i. p. 460), the author remarking : 
‘‘ Among the rich collections introduced by Mr. Stuart Low was one plant 
whose flowers are very large, but have not the violet-purplish tip to the six 
parts of the perigone. This makes a very striking appearance. It has just 
flowered in the collection of Edwin G. Wrigley, Esq., of Broadoaks, Bury, 
Lancashire.” Other plants have occasionally appeared in importations of 
the species from Burma, 


96 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ApRIL, 1917. 


ey 


WO Meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 
London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 
April, on the 11th and 24th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the 
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The alteration of the first meeting from 
Tuesday to Wednesday is on account of the Easter Holidays. 


ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. B 


Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will 
be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 5th and roth. The 
Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection of 
members and the public from I to 4 p.m. 


SANDERS’ List oF OrcHID Hysrips.—We have received a copy of the 
Addenda for 1915, 1916 of Messrs. Sanders’ List of Orchid Hybrids, 
arranged uniformly with the earlier work, and bringing the list practically 
up to date. It occupies 36 pages, nearly half being devoted to the 
additions, and the rest to their arrangement under their parents. 


CYMBIDIUM INSIGNIGRINUM.—An interesting hybrid from C. insigne and 
C. tigrinum, raised in the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., North- 


side, Leigh Woods, Bristol, of which the first flower is sent. The shape 


most favours C. tigrinum, and the colour of the sepals and petals is light 
greenish yellow, with a tinge of pink, and a few spots below, while the lip 
is heavily spotted with brownish crimson. 


A curious Cypripedium flower is sent from the collection of F. J- 
Handbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead. It is a seedling from 
C. Actzeus X Boxallii. There are two lateral staminodes, and the petals 
are represented by two half lips, while the normal lip is missing. 


AR ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | Sessa 


[Orchids ave named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents ar¢ 
— oye to Hay et Seal or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be 
sent sf a reply by post ts desired (abroad, repl i d houl. specia 

, interest will be dealt with in he bey of “age f ne Peng, Suge 


C.W.S.—Epidendrum Spondiadum, Rchb. f., a rare Jamaican species. Figured * 
Bot. Mag. t. 7273. Polystachya, near P. affinis, Lindl. To be further compared. 

H.R.C., and C.H.L.—Many thanks. Next month. 

G.H.S.— The other note is unavoidably postponed. 

R.W.R.—Letter follows. 

J.W.—The named varieties of Cattleya Triane are almost innumerable, 


E i = geal — : 
i al a a nie 


ee ee Meee Ege ean a SEE OU ere Cy Fae BOR ene lag ee Sea AS aos ie aa ele I he el ou A She ea 


cr: 
~ The Orebid ‘Review . 
om VoL. XXV. May, 1917. No. 293, oO) 


ed QUK NOTE BOOK: Fe 


HE abandonment by the Royal Horticultural Society of its great 
Spring and Summer Shows, as announced at page 47, was probably 
unavoidable under the circumstances, but will leave a great blank in the 
horticultural functions of the year, and so far as the former Show is 
concerned one must go back for a period of thirty years to find a similar 
condition of things. In 1887 the Society was in difficulties under what has 
been called the South Kensington regime, but in the following year they 
broke away from the old traditions and, with a return to the Society’s 
legitimate business of horticulture, organised a two days’ Spring Show, on 
Thursday and Friday, May 17th and 18th, in the Middle Temple Gardens, 
on the Thames Embankment, which formed the turning point in the 


Society’s history. 


The Gardeners’ Chronicle at the time remarked: ‘The bold venture of the 
Royal Horticultural Society in holding a large Exhibition in the City deserved 
more success than the weather at first seemed likely to permit. Ultimately, 
however, the tents became filled with visitors, and a grand success seemed 
likely to be scored, particularly as the show remained open till Friday.” 
And, respecting Orchids, it added: ‘‘ The greatest triumph is secured in 
the exhibition of Orchids, the best since the famous exhibition of the first 
Orchid Conference.” In the report of the Show itself it remarked: ‘‘ Of 
all the sections of the Show probably these plants formed the most 
attractive feature, at all events to many people, completely occupying one 
side of the centre table of the wide tent. Rarely, indeed, does such a 
feast of Orchids present itself to the public gaze. Sir Trevor Lawrence, 
Burford Lodge, Dorking, showed a collection of remarkable interest. The 
plants were in perfect health, and many of them were extremely rare and 
valuable, as, for instance, Spathoglottis Kimballiana, which may be 
compared to a yellow Phalznopsis, and Lissochilus giganteus, th: 
cut spike of which was shown, Cattleya Lawrenceana, Odontoglossum 
Cervantesii, rose-coloured variety. Many Masdevallia species were shown, 
especially fine being M. Harryana majus, brilliant scarlet, and M. H. 

97 


98 TIIE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mav, 1917. 


ccerulescens.” But we must omit a lot of the details as to the composition 
of this fine exhibit. 

As regards other exhibitors, we find that Baron Schréder, The Dell, 
Egham, contributed a magnificent collection of remarkably well-grown 
pieces, laden with flowers, and he took the first plaee in the competing groups 
—and justly so. Major Lendy took first for twelve cut spikes of bloom. 
H. M. Pollett, Esq., Fernside, Bickley, was awarded first for a good group of 
Odontoglossums, and also showed a grand lot in the miscellaneous section. 
An extensive group was sent by Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, in which were 
a great variety of forms of Odontoglossum crispum. Messrs. Hugh Low 
& Co., Clapton, and Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, sent good groups, and a few 
‘Orchids, chiefly Cattleyas arranged with Adiantum, were shown by Messrs. 
H. Page & Sons, Grove Nursery,, Teddington. 

pp seteiliot ee rae 

The Show was an unqualified success, and, after being extended to 
three days in 1894, was continued annually without a break for twenty-four 
years. It was suspended in 1912, the year of the Royal International 
Horticultural Exhibition, and afterwards resumed on the site of the latter 
in the grounds of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, and continued down to May 
of last year. We may hope to see a continuation of the event in all its old 
magnificence when the present horror has passed away. 


An enormous transformation has been effected in the composition of our 
collections in the space of thirty years. Hybrids were then comparatively 
rare, while to-day they form the predominating element in most of the 
groups staged. It is curious to reflect that there were then no Odonto- 
xlossum hybrids of artificial origin, and that it was not until fourteen years 
later that the first Odontioda appeared at the Temple, and made @ 
sensatjon which we never remember to have seen equalled. In fact 
Cochlioda Neetzliana, the common parent of this brilliant race of Cool 
Orchids, was unknown until 180, when it appeared in undeveloped 
‘condition under the name of Odontoglossum Ncetzlianum, and received @ 
Botanical Certificate from the R.H.S. 

Speaking of Exhibitions reminds us that under normal conditions next 
year would have been the date of the Ghent Quinquennial Show, an event 
which dates back for a period of over a century, but whether it can now be 
held is more than doubtful. This is not the place to assess the cause, but 
the lapse. of both events can be traced to the same original crime. The 
world must see to it that any repetition of such a disaster becomes impos- 
sible in the future. 


May, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99 


PITS 

HE following interesting account of Mr. John Day’s fine collection of 

Orchid Drawings, which has been frequently mentioned in our pages, 
is taken from the Kew Bulletin (1906, pp. 177-179) :-— 

In September, 1902, Mrs. Wolstenholme, of High Cross, Tottenham, 
sister of Mr. John Day, well-known during his life-time as an amateur 
grower of Orchids, presented to Kew the very valuable collection of 
drawings of cultivated Orchids made by that gentleman. Mrs. Wolsten- 
holme had previously bequeathed the collection to Kew, but felt that she 
was delaying its usefulness by keeping it in her possession. As delivered at 
Kew, it consisted of 53 oblong books of about 90 pages each, with a 
complete index. The books have since been bound in 17 volumes, and 
they contain approximately 3,000 coloured drawings, with about 500 in 
sepia, besides copious original notes and a large number of cuttings from 
the Gardener’s Chronicle and other papers relating to Orchids. We have 
not succeeded in finding any published biography of the author, and only a 
few scattered facts concerning his life and his collections. But Mrs. 
Wolstenholme has communicated the following particulars :— 

John Day was born on February 3rd, 1824, in London, where his 
father, a city merchant, resided*antil 1840, when the family removed to a 
pleasant old house in Tottenham. After his father’s death in 1851 he 
continued to live at the old house, and from there he married in 1853, but, 
losing his wife in 1857, he sold the old home, and joined Mr. and Mrs. 
Wolstenholme at High Cross, Tottenham, the present residence of Mrs. 
Wolstenholme. Thither, in 1858, he removed his large collection of 
cultivated ferns, to which he had for some years devoted much attention. 
Shortly afterwards he took up the cultivation of Orchids. He built suitable 
houses, and soon filled them with valuable plants. In course of time his 
collection became one of the richest and most famous of the period. Then 
his health broke down, and he visited the Mediterranean countries, which 
gave him a zest for travelling to more remote places, and he subsequently 
went to India, Ceylon, Brazil, and Jamaica. In 1881, previous to these 
longer journeys, his collection of Orchids was brought to the hammer, and 
realised £7,000. Three plants of Cypripedium Stonei var. platyteanium 
fetched over £400. Subsequently he again became a collector of living 
Orchids, chiefly of rare and curious kinds. But latterly he devoted much 
attention to the dried ferns he had collected on his travels. He died on 
January 15th, 1888, and his second collection of Orchids was sold in May 
of the same year, when a small plant of the Cypripedium mentioned above 
brought the sum of £159 I2s. 


ES MR. JOHN DAY'S ORCHID DRAWINGS. 


t 


100 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1917. 


For some years Mr. Day employed Mr. C. B. Durham, a miniature 
painter, who exhibited largely at the Royal Academy and Suffolk Galleries 
between 1828 and 1858, to make coloured drawings of Orchids, and from a 
note in the Kew correspondence there were 300 drawings by this artist 
made at a cost of £3 each. This collection, described as a very fine one, 
was sold by auction after Mr. Day’s death, and is now the property of Mr. 
Jeremiah Colman, of Gatton Park, Surrey. 

We have mentioned Durham, because his name occurs here and there 
in Mr. Day’s books, appended to a flower or a plant, and because he 
appears to have given Mr. Day lessons in drawing. In Book 14, p. 10, for 
instance, there is the note, appended to a drawing of Cattleya bicolor: 
=> My oth: lesson.” - At pr-66 of the ‘same book is a coloured drawing of 


Cattleya Schilleriana splendens, and the following note: ‘‘ Drawn by Mr. 


Durham, June, 1862; the first drawing he ever did here. This from the 
plant bought at Mr. Allen’s sale at Stevens’ in June, 1860, and:the:subject 
of Mr. Durham’s beautiful drawing at Vol. vii. p. 11.” 


x ae Mane = Pee ‘ 
a a es bi rh aN a a ee a ala 


ee See eee 


FS eT eT RE se 


In 1863 Mr. Day himself began sketching, the first sketch being dated 


January toth, and he continued to make drawings up to within a few weeks 
of his death, January 15th, 1888, the last but one bearing the date 
November 12th, 1887, the last being undated. All of the earlier ones are 
in ink, but in many cases he afterwards added coloured sketches, always 
giving the date when done. The earliest sketches are somewhat rough 
and diagrammatic, though botanically correct ; but he improved rapidly, 
and his later work was admirably executed, both as to drawing and 
colouring. Day must have been very industrious at that period, for, by the 
middle of February, 1864, he was half-way through his seventh book, 
where (page 45) there is a coloured fi 
with the following note: 
using Gerty’s paint box. 
a box for myself.” 


gure of Cypripedium purpuratum, 
“* This is the first drawing I attempted in colours, 
I am sufficiently satisfied with the result to buy 
His satistaction was quite justifiable, and his persever- 
ance was soon rewarded with great success. Practically all he did after 
this was coloured. In December, 1882, he wrote to Kew applying for # 
pass of admission before the general public, in order that he might make 
drawings of the ‘“ smaller, insignificant Orchids.” This was granted, and, 
writing again in 1866, he mentions that he had d 
had not seen elsewhere. 
1887. From time to time h 
The fact that John Day’ 
of the types of Reichenbac 
them are not otherwise re 


rawn at least 70 that he 
His last Kew drawing is dated October 2gth, 
€ presented living plants to Kew. 

s collection contains drawings of a large number 
h’s species adds greatly to its value, as most of 
presented at Kew, and probably in no other 


henbachian shut up at Vienna, which, according 
to thet 


erms of Reichenbach’'s testament, will not be accessible until 1914- 


May, 19t7.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 101 


235] CYMBIDIUM INSIGNE AND ITS HYBRIDS. 


fo" 5G) Ee 


HE introduction of the handsome Cymbidium insigne, little over a 
dozen years ago, seems likely to revolutionise the genus, so far as its 
garden history is concerned, for its attractive colour, coupled with a bold 
and striking habit, were just the characters wanted by the hybridist, and 
the result has been that it has now been crossed with almost every species 
of note, and with the existing hybrids, giving a series of highly decorative 
garden plants of the easiest possible culture, which are briefly summarised 
in the following article. 

Our first knowledge of the species dates from September, 1901, when a 
dried specimen, that had been collected in Annam by G. Bronckart, was 
brought to Kew for determination by the late Mr. George Schneider, 
accompanied by a fine painting. A note attached to the specimen described. 
it as a terrestrial Orchid found growing along ravines and in sandy soil at 
4000 to 5000 feet elevation, the spikes 3 to 4} feet high, and bearing ten to 
fifteen flowers. It was then named C. insigne, and afterwards described 
(Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 1904, i. p. 387). The original specimen is 
preserved at Kew, also a copy of the drawing. Later on it was again met 
with by W. Micholitz, when exploring the heights of Annam for Messrs. 
Sander & Sons in 1g04, and a few living plants were sent home, one of 
which flowered and received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in 
February, 1905, under the name of C. Sanderi, under which name it was 
then described and figured (O’Brien, in Gard. Chron., 1905, i. p. 115, fig. 
49). Shortly afterwards the species was introduced in quantity, and soon 
became extremely popular. 


With Messrs. Sander’s importations of Cymbidium insigne came home 
a second species, which was described as C. Schroederi (Rolfe, in Gard. 
Chron., 1895, ii. p. 243), being dedicated to the late Baron Sir H. Schréder. 
It is allied to C. Lowianum, but is dwarfer in habit, and has rather smaller 
flowers, and the lip striped with brown on the side lobes. It is now known 
to grow in quantity with C. insigne, resulting in a series of puzzling but 
very interesting natural hybrids, as will be seen presently. 

Curiously enough, the hybrid between these two species was first 
recorded as of artificial origin, being exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. 
in January, 1911, by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford, 
under the name of C. glebelandense (Schroederi X insigne). It was 
described as an interesting hybrid, having greenish white sepals and petals 
with a faint rose tinge, and the lip dotted with rose in front, and with some 
darker lines on the side lobes (O.R., 1911, p. 51). We afterwards had the 


102 THE ORCHID REVIEW. |May, 1917+ 


good fortune to see other seedlings from the same batch (O.R., 1916, p. 94), 
confirming the origin of the original plant. 

A month later a beautiful hybrid from C. insigne was exhibited at a 
meeting of the R.H.S., by Messrs. Th. Pauwels & Cie., Meirelbeke, Ghent, 
and received an Award of Merit under the name of C. Lawrenceanum 
(insigne X Lowianum concolor). It had cream-coloured sepals and petals, 
flushed with rose at the margin, and the lip with some reddish rose 
suffusion in front and a few small spots on the side lobes (O.R., IgII, 
p. 87). This hybrid afterwards seems to have received the name of C. 
Pauwelsii, for in March, 1912, it received an Award of Merit from the 
Manchester Orchid Society under this name, and subsequently a First-class 
Certificate, when exhibited by Col. John Rutherford, M.P. (O.R., 1912, 
pp. 158, 187). 

In March following two other hybrids of C. insigne appeared, each of 
them receiving an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. (O.R., 1911, p. 179). 
These were C. Alexanderi (Veitchii x insigne), from Lt.-Col. Sir George 
L. Holford, K.C.V.O., and C. Gottianum (eburneum x insigne), from 
Messrs. Sander & Sons. The first-named is a secondary hybrid, and has 
since proved to be extremely variable, yielding some very pretty light 
yellow and rosy forms, in addition to those with a white ground colour as 
in the original. 

In 1912 two handsome additions appeared. Cymbidium Schlegelii 
(insigne X Wiganianum) flowered with Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooks- 
bridge, in February, and received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. 
(O.R., 1912, p. 86), and in the following October they also flowered C- 
Doris (Tracyanum  X insigne), a particularly fine thing, which received a 
First-class Certificate (O.R., 1912, p. 344). 

In March, 1913,. Cymbidium J. Davis was exhibited by J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq., at a meeting of the R.H.S., and received an Award of Merit 
(O.K., 1913, p. 93), but as the parentage was given as C. Schrcederi X 
insigne it is a variety of the earlier C. glebelandense; indeed, we believe it 
was a seedling out of the same batch. 

In 1914 there were several accessions to the list, all of which were 
exhibited at meetings of the R.H.S. First came C. Coningsbyanum 
(grandifiorum X insigne), from the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq-, 
which received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. on January 13th (0.R., 
IgI4, p. 58). On February 24th a hybrid called C. Iona, with the same 
parentage, was exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown (O.R., 1914, p- 86)» 
which thus becomes a synonym. On February roth Cymbidium Dryad 
(insigne x Parishii Sander) was exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L- 
Holford, K.C.V.O., and was described as a large and beautiful hybrid, 
having blush white sepals and p2tals, and numerous large red-purple spots 


May, 1917-] ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103: 


on the lip (O.R., 1914, p- 95). Cymbidium amabile (Lowii-Mastersii X 
insigne) was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons on April 7th (O.R., 1914, 
p. 147). Lastly, C. Venus (Holfordianum xX insigne) was exhibited by 
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, at the Chelsea Show on May roth, 
and received an Award of Merit (O.R., 1914, p. 181). 

In February, rgr4, a fine natural hybrid of C. insigne was exhibited by 
G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., under the name of C. Cooperi (O.R., 1914, Pp- 
94, 131). It was part of a plant which had been obtained from Messrs. 
Sander & Sons, and is the natural hybrid mentioned as having bloomed in 
the previous year out of an importation in which C. insigne and C. 
Schroederi were found intermixed (O.R., 1913, p- 308). It was most like 
C. insigne in habit, but the flowers more suffused with yellow. On April 
15th, 1914, another natural hybrid from the same importation was exhibited 
by G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., which was recorded as C. glebelandense var. 
roseum (O.R., 1914, pp. 131, 149), this having a dwarfer, arching scape and 
smaller, more rosy flowers, thus being much nevrer C. Schroederi in habit 
though not in colour. In March, 1916, Messrs. Sander & Sons exhibited 
another natural hybrid from the same importations under the name of C. 
Mavis (O.R., 1916, p. 90), this having also more of the habit of C. 
Schrcederi, with brown striping in the segments. All have since been 
referred to varieties of the original C. glebelandense. It is, however, 
possible that some of them may be secondary hybrids, a point which it 
would be interesting to clear up. 

In January, 1915, Cymbidium Castor (Woodhamsianum X insigne) 
flowered in the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., being described as. 
most comparable with C. insigne, and having light yellow flowers, with 
numerous red-purple stripes on the lip, passing into a few spots in front 
(O.R., 1915, p- 36). 

A month later C. Queen-of-Gatton (insigne X Lady-Colman) was. 
exhibited from the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (O.R., 1915, p. 
84). This also proved very variable, some two dozen plants being exhibited 
at a meeting of the R.H.S. held in January, 1916, showing much variation 
in colour (O.R., 1916, p. 54). 

About the same time C. Batterfly (Lowio-grandiflorum X insigne), 
flowered in the collection of Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C:V.0O., and 
proved to be remarkably variable. Eight forms were sent to show the 
amount of variation, these ranging from cream to light yellow in the ground 
colour, more or less veined with rose-pink in the sepals and petals, with the 
crimson markings on the lip in some cases in confluent lines, in others more 
in the form of individual spots (O.R., 1916, p. 81). 

In January, 1916, two novelties appeared at the R.H.S. meetings, both 
secondary hybrids of C.insigne. On January 11th Messrs. Sander & Sons 


TO4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1917. 


exhibited C. Albatross (Gottianum x grandiflorum), a hybrid retaining 
much of the insigne character (O.R., 1916, p. 52), and a fortnight later 
Messrs. Hassall & Co. staged C. Diana (Pauwelsii X Veitchii), in this case 
both parents being secondary hybrids (O.R., 1916, p. 55). At the earlier 
meeting C. Capella was also exhibited from the collection of G. Hamilton 
Smith, Esq., the parentage being recorded as C. Wiganianum  X insigne 
(O.R., 1916, p- 51), which would make it a form of C. Schlegelii. A year 
later, however, it was exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co. with the parentage 
C. Wiganianum X Pauwelsii (O.R., 1917, p. 43)- 

Coming to the present year, we find that several additions have already 
been recorded. C. Corona (Lowianun xX Schlegelii) flowered in the 
collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq. (O.R., 1917, p. 4), and most 
resembles the former parent, with some reddish streaks in the sepals and 
petals, and the zone of colour on the lip more broken up into spots. 
Shortly afterwards the same cross was exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co. 
under the name of C. Beatrice (O.R., 1917, p. 43). C. Sybil (eburneum X 
Pauwelsii), flowered both with G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., and with Messrs. 
Hassall & Co., and showed a good deal of variation (O.R., 1917, p. 36). 
Messrs. Hassall & Co. also exhibited C. Moira (Tracyanum x Pauwelsil) 
at the R.H.S. meeting held on January 16th (O.R., 1917, p. 43). C. 
Chaffinch. (Gottiannm, X Doris) was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons 
at the R.H.S. meeting held on January 30th, and has a_blush-coloured 
ground colour, prettily spotted with red on all the segments (O.R., 1917, 
p- 44). Lastly, we have C. insignigrinum, raised in the collection of G. 
Hamilton Smith, Esq., from C. insigne and C. tigrinum, a promising 
hybrid, most favouring the latter, and having a light greenish yellow ground 
colour, tinged with pink, and the lip heavily spotted with brownish crimson 
(O.R., 1917, p. 96). 

ODONTIODA ROSEFIELDIENSIS.—The combination of the orange-scarlet 
Cochlioda Neetzliana with the bright yellow and brown Odontoglossum 
triumphans. has produced a highly decorative hybrid, of which good 
examples are flowering at Kew, one of them carrying three arching spikes 
of its reddish orange flowers, with a yellow crest to the lip, and recalling an 
enlarged edition of the Cochlioda, but with larger flowers of lighter colour. 
The hybrid was originally raised in the collection of De Barri Crawshay, 
Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, flowering six years ago, when it received an 
Award of Merit from the R.H.S. (0.R., IQII, pp. 149, 180). As in the 
case of O. Charlesworthii the brown markings of the Odontoglossum 
parent are lost or suffused through the ground colour, giving flowers 
of comparatively uniform colour. 


Both hyorids are acquisitions of great 
decorative value. 


Mas, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105 


eek 


Cc variable and beautiful Cattleya Mossiz, which for a long period 
was one of the principal exhibition plants at the Spring Shows, has 


CATILEYA -MOSSiZ. 


been of late somewhat eclipsed by some of its hybrids, but the annexed 
figure, from an imported clump which flowered in the collection of Albert 
Pam, Esq., Little Hallingbury, Essex, gives some idea of what the plant 


Fig. 14. CaTTLEYA MossI&. 


must be like when growing vigorously in its native home. The clump was 
brought from Venezuela by Mr. Pam, where it grew on a thick tree-stump, 
the roots being protected with moss, and on this it continued to thrive, as 
shown in the illustration. There were additional flowers on the other side 
of the clump, which, of course, could not be shown in the photograph. 
The species is a native of of the Caracas district, where it is known as the 
Flore de Mayo, and is said to occur on the mountain range of North 


106 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ May, 1g9tj- 


Venezuela, between Porto Cabella and Cape Codera, whence it has long 
been imported in quantity. It first flowered in this country in the 
collection of Mrs. Moss, Otterspool, near Liverpool in 1839, when it was 
figured and described as Cattleya Mossia in the Botanical Magazine 
(t. 3669), being dedicated to Mrs. Moss. Lindley afterwards regarded it as 
a variety of C. labiata, a view, however, which is no longer current. C. 
Mossiz is well known as one of the most variable of Cattleyas as reyards 
colour, particularly in the extent and intensity of the purple of the front 
lobe of the lip, and the amount of yellow on the disc. A large number of 
varieties have received distinctive names, but they can hardly be regarded 
as more than individual variations. Of the white forms the most distinct 
are var. Wageneri, pure white, with a a yellow disc to the lip, and 
Reineckeana, with the addition of some rosy veining on the front lobe. 
CYMBIDIUM MADIDUM.—An inflorescence of a very distinct and 
interesting Cymbidium, which proves to be the Australian C. madidum, 
Lindl., has been sent from the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, E'sqi; 
Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol. Mr. Hamilton-Smith remarks: ‘ The 
history is that it was imported some years ago from Brazil, with an 
importation of Cattleya bicolor, and I have not the least doubt that the 
statement is correct, but, if so, how did it get there?” The latter remark 
is in allusion to the fact that the genus Cymbidium is not a native of the 
New World, and if the record is correct we can only suggest that the plant 
came from some garden there, for some Old World Orchids are cultivated 
in Brazil—it is hardly likely that the species is naturalised there. C. 
madidum has a rather confused history. It was described by Lindley in 
1840 (Bot. Reg., xxvi. Misc. D. 9), as a new species of East Indian 
Cymbidium imported by Messrs. Rollisson. For a long time nothing 
further seems to have been heard about it, but in 188g it was identified 
with the Australian C. albuczeflorum, F. Muell (Rolfe, in Garden Chron. 
1889, ii. p. 401), a species introduced to cultivation just previously. It was 
exhibited by G. C. Raphael, Englefield Green, ata meeting of the R.H.S. 
held in March, 1889. The plant having been sent to Mr. Raphael from 
Australia. It was exhibited without a name, but was subsequently 
identified (Gard. Chron., 1889, i. pp. 406, 587). I have since found a 
painting made by Mr. John Day, in June, 1884 (Orch. Draw., xliii. t. 31), 
with the record, ‘ Drawn at Mr. William Bull’s from a plant of his own 
importing from Queensland.” How he obtained the name is not clear, 
and it may possibly have been added afterwards. The species was also 
obtained from a friend in Australia by Major H.N. Chearnley, and there 
are dried specimens collected at Rockingham Bay, by Dallachy, and on 
Mt. Dryander, by Fitzalan. The name C. madidum is not included in 


ic: De 


May, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107 


Bailey’s Queensland Flora, doubtless because of the erroneous record of 
locality, but its identity with C. albaceflorum is certain, It is an 
interesting plant, closely resembling C. pendulum in habit, and bearing a 
pendulous raceme of some dozen yellowish-green flowers, with a brown area 
on the disc of the lip, and a yellow, shining midline, which replaces the 
keels found in other species. It is rare in gardens.—R.A.R. 


Ca:Liopsis HYACINTHOSMA, Rchb. f.—It is interesting in these abnormal 
times to receive an inquiry for a plant of the rare Cceliopsis hyacinthosma, 
of which we do not remember to have seen living materials for a good 
many years. The genus was established by Reichenbach as long ago as 
1872 (Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 9), on a sketch and three living flowers sent 
from the garden of W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., Reigate, being described 
as an ally of Sievkingia, but widely distinct in the column, pollen apparatus, 
and lip. The author added: ‘‘The plant appears to be quite distinct. 
We may by-and-by know its cousins, and then understand it better.” It 
apparently passed into the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., and on 
November 26th, 1881, an inflorescence was painted by Mr. John Day 
(Orch. Draw., xvii. t. 75), who remarked: ‘‘ Sir Trevor Lawrence sent me 
this curious and very rare specimen, which I have just had time to draw on 
this my last morning at home before I start for India and Japan, &c. The 
flowers are very fleshy. As I have never seen the plant I cannot describe it. 
The scape seems short, with numerous brown scales.” Six years later he 
added the following note : ‘‘ Memo.—Oct. 2nd, 1887. I saw this plant in 
bloom at Sir Trevor’s a week since. The plant was growing ina basket. 
It had rather small bulbs, and long erect rather stiff-ribbed leaves, and the 
scape had pushed itself out between the bars of the basket like an Acineta, 
but the scape was quite short.” It was probably this very inflorescence 
that at the time was sent to Kew through Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, 
when I suggested, from the floral structure, an affinity with Schlimmia 
(Gard. Chron., 1887, ii. p. 520), though the habit, which I had not seen, 
would place it near Peristeria. The flowers are borne in an umbel of eight 
to ten, the very short peduncle being covered with numerous closely- 
imbricating scales. The flowers are fleshy, and wax-like, and the segments 
white at the base, but buff at the upper portions (the latter possibly a 
change assumed as it begins to fade). The base of the column is purple 
and the disc of the lip yellow. Reichenbach was informed by Mr. Saunders 
that the flowers had the most delicious perfume of hyacinths, in allusion 
to which the specific name was given, though to me it appeared more like 
cowslips, or perhaps scarcely as pleasant. It is certainly an interesting 
plant, and we should be glad to hear whether it is still known in 
cultivation.—R.A.R. 


108 THE ORCHID REVIEW. |May, 1917. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY. 
Hessle, E. Yorks 


PRIL, from a cultivator’s standpoint, has this year been a most anxious 
and trying month. The extreme cold has necessitated the use of 
much fire heat to maintain the temperatures of the different houses, at the 
same time preventing that free admission of air that is possible when milder 
and more genial conditions prevail. Whatever growth is made under these 
ircumstances is weak, and less able to withstand the sun than when the 
weather is more genial, besides being more subject to insect attacks. The 
summer temperatures should not be allowed to make up for the lateness of 
the season, as any attempt to force the plants may easily end in disaster, 
especially to things just coming into bloom. 

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE may now be used most liberally whenever the 
outside conditions are at all spring-like, and, with the warmer weather and 
the increased ventilation, little harm is likely to accrue, provided the 
temperatures are maintained. The extremes of a wet and cold atmosphere 
and a hot and dry one are to be avoided at all times. 

VENTILATION.—The ventilation of the different houses must have the 
greatest attention, so as to provide a genial growing atmosphere. Every- 
thing depends upon the internal conditions, and these are secured by a 
proper balance between the elements of heat, light, air, and moisture 
present, so that too much attention and forethought cannot be bestowed 
upon it. No plant will thrive in unsuitable quarters, and most cases of 
failure are attributable to unsuitable conditions being maintained. 

SHADING also must have close attention, as the blinds should not be 
kept down when not required. On the other hand, the sun must not be 
allowed to shine on the plants when there is danger of the foliage suffering, 
and this may easily occur after a sunless period like that we have recently 
passed through. The maximum amount of light should always be admitted, 
without direct sunshine. 

CyPRIPEDIUMS that have passed out of bloom should be repotted at 
once, should they require it. Owing to the lateness of the season many of 
this popular genus have carried their flowers over a longer period than 
usual, therefore they should be potted immediately their flowers fade. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIED GENERA.—The spring-flowering section of these 
beautiful plants will now be pushing up their flowers within the sheaths, 
and it is advisable to place the plants where they may receive abundance of 
light and air on all favourable occasions. 
plants thoroughly before the flower buds 
broken afterwards. 


It is also advisable to clean the 
push through, as they are easily 
When in bloom the conditions of the house may be 


ce 


FP ee 


SS ee 


May, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW 109° 


kept drier, and slightly cooler, which will prolong the flowering period and 
make the house more accessible and enjoyable to thase visiting them. The 
potting of the plants, as they pass out of flower and begin to push roots at 
the base of the pseudobulbs, should have attention whenever necessary, 
taking care not to overwater the new compost until new roots have entered 
it freely. 

SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.—This miniature Cattleya thrives in the 
Cool house, and now that the plants are commencing to push new roots- 
from the growths which recently flowered, they should have new rooting 
material given them, if they are in need of it. The Cattleya compost will 
answer their requirements, but it is obvious that these small plants will 
require it cut up into much smaller pieces, and small receptacles must be 
used for their accommodation. 

Cympipiums include some of the most useful and easily-cultivated 
Orchids, both species :and»many most beautiful hybrids, and, as their 
flowers last a considerable time in perfection, they will undoubtedly receive 
extended popularity. Being plants which resent root disturbance they 
should not be potted until really necessary, as the plants bloom more 
freely and produce finer flowers when the pots are well filled with roots. 
Any plants that have not sufficient room to develop the season’s growth, or 
of which the compost has become decomposed, should, of course, be 
repotted. The pots should be well drained, and a larger shift may be given: 
than to most Orchids. A compost in which good yellow loam fibre, with 
some fine broken crocks to keep the whole open, sbould be used. The best 
time to repot is whenever the half-made pseudobulbs are about to produce 
roots. Extreme caution is necessary in the application of water to the 
newly-potted plants, until the roots have freely entered the new compost ; 
an excess in many cases not only means the loss of leaves, but also decay 
of the pseudobulbs. They grow best in a shady position in a Cool inter- 
mediate house, with plenty of fresh air, and they resent strong sunshine at 
any time. 

PHAL&NopsiIs.—P. Schilleriana, Aphrodite, amabilis, and Sanderiana, 
having passed out of flower and commenced to make new leaves and roots, 
should be afforded new rooting material, if they require it. Whatever 
receptacles the plants are grown in, they should be well drained, and only 
a thin layer of clean live sphagnum moss used as compost. They should 
be grown on the shady side of the East Indian, or warmest house. Care is 
necessary, even with these pseudobulbless plants, in the application of 
water after root disturbance. 

Lycastes.—L. Skinneri and its varieties that are starting into growth 
should be repotted, if necessary, also other varieties of the same genus. 
These plants succeed in a similar compost to that used for the green-leaved 


110 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {May, 1917. 


Cypripediums, and should be potted in the same manner. A shady position 
in the cool Intermediate house answers their requirements. 

ANGULOAs also thrive under the same conditions as Lycastes, and may _ 
be treated in precisely the same way. 

OponTocLossums of the grande and Insleayi section require a slightly 
higher temperature than that provided for O. crispum. The same thing 
applies to O. citrosmum and its varieties. During the winter months they 
are best grown at the coolest end of the Intermediate house, and kept 
comparatively dry, but during the summer the warmest end of the Odonto- 
glossum house is more suitable. O. grande, with others of these Mexican 
Odontoglossums, will have commenced to grow, and when new roots are 
seen to be pushing from the new growths they may have attention as 
regards repotting, should they require it. The usual Odontoglossum 
compost is suitable for them. O. citrosmum will require attention as 
regards repotting or basketing, whichever mode of culture is adopted, 
immediately the flower scapes are removed. Care must be taken in the 
application of water to the newly-potted plants until they become well- 
rooted, but when in full growth an abundant supply can be given. As soon 
as growth is complete they delight in a long dry rest, and only sufficient 
water to prevent shrivelling should be given. 

The Colombian Odontoglossums, thanks to our hybridists, now number 
so many delightful varieties that there are always some most beautiful 
plants in flower. 

DENDROBIUM PHALENopsis, having now started to grow, will quickly 
push numbers of new roots from the young growths, and before these make 
much progress any necessary potting should be attended to. The smallest 
receptacles possible should be used, as, during growth, they delight in 
abundance of water, and as they thrive best when the material dries quickly 
it is obvions that too much material should not be placed around their 
roots. A clean fibrous material, as used for other Dendrobiums, answers 
their requirements, and it should be made thoroughly firm around the base 
of the plants. D. bigibbum and D. Goldiei also succeeds under similar 
treatment, and should have attention in precisely the same manner. Other 
Dendrobiums that require similar attention at this season are the tall- 
growing D. Dalhousieanum, moschatum, fimbriatum, clavatum, &c. 

VANDA C@RULEA is an Orchid which everyone admires when in bloom, 
and one which many do not succeed with as they would wish. The present 
is a good time to repot any that may require it. They may be grown in a 
= of all live sphagnum moss, or equal parts of any clean. fibre mixed 
—_ it. This species resents being grown in too shady quarters, and 
should have plenty of light the whole year round. Only sufficient shade 
to prevent scorching should be used, and the plants must have a supply of 


May, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. Ill 


fresh air at all seasons. When in full growth it likes a fairly high tempera- 
ture, provided that air and moisture are also given. A warm Intermediate 
house is suitable to grow it in, and when at rest it should be exposed to all 
the light possible and kept dry. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—This is the busiest month in the whole year to the 
Orchid cultivator, who will, in many cases, find an incomplete staff to deal 
with it. Each one of us will feel it his duty to do whatever he can to carry 
on until the present strife is over and things resume their normal conditions. 
Continue to exercise the greatest diligence in the eradication of all pests 
which hinder us in the cultivation of the plants we love. Maintain a 
healthy and sweet atmosphere within the houses, apply water to all plants 
with discretion, and success will be the reward. 

aes aR 

MEGACLINIUM ENDOTRACHYS, Krinzl.—Another species of Megaclinum 
has appeared in cultivation, a plant which has just flowered in the Royal - 
Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, proving to be M. endotrachys, Kranzl., which 
was described some twelve years ago (Engl. Jahrb., xxxvi. p. 115) from 
dried specimens collected at Grand Bassa, Liberia, by Dinklage. It was 
obtained under the name of M. velutinum, Lindl., a species which is quite 
distinct. M. endotrachys is an ally of M. falcatum, Lindl., but is distin- 
guished by its much longer, rather elongated rachis, and in certain details 
of floral structure. The pseudobulbs are oblong, 14 to 2 inches long, 
bearing two oblong leaves, somewhat narrowed below, and three to four 
inches long. The scape is ten to twelve inches long, the upper six inches 
forming the narrowly oblong rachis, on either side of which the flowers are 
borne at intervals of over half an inch. The dorsal sepal is elliptical- 
obovate, obtuse, with a thickened, somewhat recurved yellow margin, and 
some purple spots behind, while the acute lateral sepals are greenish with 
purple spots, and the clavate petals are yellow. The genus is entirely 
African, and numbers about forty species, several of which are known in 
cultivation. The species is remarkable for the broad, flattened rachis, on 
the side of which the flowers are borne in two ranks.— R.A.R. 

——>0<—— 

MEGACLINIUM VELUTINUM, Lindl.—This species (which is mentioned 
in the preceding paragraph) seems to have been completely lost sight of. 
It was described by Lindley in 1847 (Bot. Reg., xxxiii. sub. t. 32), when the 
‘Nearly related to M. falcatum, from which its lateral 
sepals velvety inside distinguish it. The flowers are deep purple, as well as 
the rachis, except the upper sepals and petals which are dull yellow Messrs. 
Loddiges imported it from Cape Coast Castle.” The rachis is also nearly 
twice as broad asin M. falcatum. The original inflorescence and a coloured 
drawing of a flower are preserved in Dr. Lindley’s Herbariun.—R.A.R. 


author remarked : 


112 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1917. 


Sse LYCASTE SKINNERI. Vor 


YCASTE Skinneri has long been grown with great success at Bridge 
Hall, Bury, the residence of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., the species being a 
favourite with Mr. Wrigley. Its flowers are used largely for room and 
table decoration, as they stand well in water, and their pure colours show 


Fig. 15. Lycastr SKINNERI AT BRIDGE HA, Bury. 


out well under artificial light. Moreover, the supply continues for a lons 
period. Ata meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society held on April 5th 
last, a series of twenty-one beautiful varieties, white ‘and coloured, was 
included in a fine Sroup, to which a Special Vote of Thanks was accorded. 
The way the species is grown by Mr. Rogers is well-shown in an illustration 
of an earlier group, reproduced from a photograph taken by Miss Wrigley- 


May, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113 


The plants are grown in the cool Intermediate house, a little fibrous loam 
being incorporated in the compost,’and during the growing season an 
abundant supply of water is given. 

The late Mr, John Day had a high appreciation of this Lycaste, and 
in 1881 remarked, when figuring a particularly fine variety (Orch. Draw., 
XXvili. t. 19): “It has now 1g splendid flowers, all in perfection, and 
reminds me of the many grand specimens of this noble Orchid that I used 
to have in the old days. It is now seldom seen so fine as it was then. Mr. 
Skinner used to send grand masses to Veitch, and from 20 to 50 flowers on 
a plant was not uncommon. I think no Orchid varies so much as this, not 
even Lelia elegans or Odontoglossum crispum. My drawings in Scrap 
Books iv., ix., xi., and xii. will illustrate this.” The series shows ten very 
diverse varieties, in addition to the beautiful variety alba, which seems to 
have been rarer at this early period than at present. 


Ked | SOCIETIES. ‘é| 


T the usual: fortnightly meeting held at the London Scottish Drill 

Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on April 11th, there was a 

rather small display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of one medal and 
one First-class Certificate. 

Orchid Committee present: Frederick J. Hanbury (in the Chair), J. 
O’Brien (hon: sec.), J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, T. Armstrong, Walter 
Cobb, J. Shill, R. Brooman White, and J. Charlesworth. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

ODONTIODA CORONATION ORCHIDHURST VAR. (Oda. Vuylstekee xX 
Odm. crispum).—A superb variety, bearing a panicle of 49 large and hand- 
some flowers. The shape is excellent, and the ground colour cream white, 
with a rosy margin and much dark Indian red blotching, while the very 
broad lip is creamy white in front, with red markings round the yellow 
crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
showed Cattleya Lady Rowena (Warneri alba X Suzanne Hye), bearing 
two fine white flowers, with orange-yellow veining on the disc of the lip. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a small group 
of choice things, including Odontoglossum Peerless magnificum, ardentillus, 
eximillus, Conqueror, and Victory, also good forms of Odontioda Henryi, 
Cooksoniz, Charlesworthii, and Royal Gem var. violacea, a pretty rosy- 
violet form with the usual blotching (Silver Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent Leliocattleya 


ss THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, r91p 


Circe (Alcippe X Hypatia), having chrome yellow sepals and petals, and 
the front of the lip purple-crimson, Lc? Colombia (Jeanette xX Wellsiana), “| 
a well-shaped light purple flower, with a rich crimson-purple lip, also q 
examples of Lc. Meuse, Cattleya Tityus and Robert de Wavrin, Odonto- q 
glossum eximium, Odontioda Brewii, Ruby Gem, and Lambeauiana. : . 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent Lzliocattleya Calabria, : 4 
Le. CEnius (C. Enid X Le. Coronis), having fawn-coloured sepals and 3 
petals and a reddish purple lip, Cattleya Schroedere Purity, with three . 
white flowers, and cut spikes of Vanda tricolor, suavis, Bensonia, V. 4 
Parishii Marriottiana, Aérides Vandarum, and Saccolabium bellinum. 4 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, 
including Odontioda Leda (C. Neetzliana X Odm. Rio Tinto), 0. ¢ 
Devosiana, Eria flava, Leliocattleya Boylei var. Kerchovee, Goldcrest, and a 
Joy Sander, a few good white Cattleyas, and others. q 


At the meeting held on April 25th the Orchids were rather more 4 
numerous, and the awards consisted of two medals, one Award of Merit, q 
and two Preliminary Commendations. : 
Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),’ 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, W. H. White, Walter Cobb, J-— 
Charlesworth, T. Armstrong, C. J. Lucas, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, — 
F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe, R. Brooman White, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 
AWARD OF MERIT. 4 

L&LIOCATTLEYA SERBIA VAR. PERFECTA (Lc. St. Gothard X C. Enid). 
—A very large and handsome variety, the flowers being of excellent shape — 
the broad sepals and petals rose, and the lip purple, with a lilac-coloured 


margin, and some purple lines on the yellow disc. Exhibited by Messts- 
Charlesworth & Co. 


ret a) ae ee a ees 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. - 
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM DREADNoUGHT.—A very fine form, having — 
broad sepals and petals, the latter well fringed, and reddish claret in colour 
with white margins, and the lip white with a few large brown blotches 1? 
front of the yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, 
ODONTOGLOSSUM Rex (crispum xX hybrid unrecorded).—A very 
promising hybrid, densely blotched with mauve purple on a white 


ground, and the lip broad and handsomely blotched. Exhibited by 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 


GENERAL EXHIBITS. 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a choice and 
interesting group, in which seedling Odontoglossums were well represented, 
including forms of ardentillus, crispum xanthotes, Dreadnought, nzvross 
Conqueror, Thisbe, Thompsonianum, Mars, and Fabia purpurea, with 


May, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 115 


Odontioda Diana, rosefieldiensis, Bradshawize and Vuylstekez, Miltonia 
Hyeana, Cymbidium Lowgrinum, Leliocattleya Mrs. Temple, Lc. Ithone, 
and Cattleya Niobe Orchidhurst var., forming a very attractive display 
(Silver Flora Medal), 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a small group of 
well-grown specimens, including forms of Odontoglossum illustrissimum, 
crispum, and armainvillierense, Odontioda Brewii, Cooksoniz, and Brad- 
shawiz, the latter with a very broad band of rose all round the segments, 
Miltonia Bleuana, a fine Cymbidium Alexanderi, Sophrocatlelia Meuse, 
Leliocattleya Wallisiana, and others (Silver Banksian Medal) 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting group, 
including forms of Leliocattleya Goldcrest, Le. Mrs. J. F. Birkbeck, Le. 
Watsonii (Lc. Canhamiana X C. Schroeder alba), a pretty white form, 
with solid purple blotch in front of the yellow disc of the lip, Odonto- 
glossum. Fletcherianum, O. Iconum (cirrhosum X Fascinator), most like 
former in shape and very copiously spotted with purple, Odontioda Lutetia, 
Epidendrum Endresio-Wallisii, Trichopilia suavis, the rare little Trias 
picta, Coelogyne ochracea, Cattleya Mary-Sander, Miltonia Bleuana, and a 
few Brassocattleyas. 

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 5th, 
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the 
chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, A. G. Ellwood, 
J. Evans, P. Foster, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, and H. 
Arthur (Sec.). 

Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. 
S. Davenport), and to Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. 
Mr. T. Arran), for fine groups of Odontoglossums and Odontiodas. 

A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge 
: Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), for a fine group, including twenty-one 
beautiful varieties of Lycaste Skinneri, white and coloured, the rare L. 
lasioglossa, Sophrocattleya grandiflora Sophrocatlelia Marathon, Miltonia 
Bleuana Our Queen, a few Cymbidiums and Odontoglossums, and a series 
of choice Cypripediums. 

A few other interesting exhibits came from Col. Sir John Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton); John Hartley, Esq., Morley, and 
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum var. Daphne (Pescatorei X crispum), a 
perfectly round flower, with large, even blotches on the sepals and petals ; 
Odontioda Gladys var. superba (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Pescatorei), a 


116 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1917. 


flower of good form, ground almost white, brig ht markings, and the edges 
of the sepals and petals a blue pink shade ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 
Odontoglossum Thwaitesiz var. Ghurka (Rossii X Harryanum), a large 
flower of very deep colour, and O. Wilps (promerens X Aireworth), very 
densely spotted ; from P. Smith, Esq. 
Odontioda Zenobia Beardwood var. (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. 


percultum), a large flower of good form and substance, and deep maroon — 


colour, with large flat lip ; from Col. Sir J. Rutherford, Bart. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 
Odontoglossum crispum var. Rose, Sophrocatlelia Marathon superba, 
Scl. Meuse, and Cypripedium Ranji (Rappartianum X triumphans) ; from P. 
Smith, Esq. 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum Gladys, O. Jasper Conyngham vat., 


Odontioda beechensis, and O. Adonis (Oda. Vuylstekeze x Odm. Doris); — 


from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum crispum Ragged Robin, and Odontioda Golden Queen ; 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

FIRST-CLASS AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum Amethyst (Lambeauianum X eximium); from Dr. 
Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum Lambeauianum var. splendens; from P. Smith, Esq. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

John Hartley, Esq., for Odontoglossum crispo-Harryanum, a spike 
carrying nineteen large flowers. 

Mr. E. Thompson, for Eulophiella Elizabethz, with two fine spikes. 


—— 


N.B.—It is suggested that the Nomination Forms for Candidates for 


seats on the Committee shall, for this season, be discontinued, and that at — 


the Annual Meeting the whole of the retiring members (some of whom are 
serving in His Majesty’s Forces) shall be re-elected. In the event of any 
member wishing to make any other nomination (which must be with the 
nominee’s consent), the same must be forwarded to the Secretary prior to 
the Annual meeting on May roth. 


ae 


At the meeting held on April 16th the members of Committee present — 
were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, a 
D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, A. J. Ellwood, J. Evans, — 
P. Foster, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, and H. Arthur (Sec): — 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch © 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), and to Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchestet 
(gr. Mr. T. Arran), for choice groups, largely made up of Odontiodas and | 


Odontoglossums, 


UPR PE SC et eee aa eT eee ae oe nn eS 


“May, 19174] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117 


A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a fine miscellaneous group, in which a number of well-flowered 
Dendrobium nobile varieties were conspicuous. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by Phlilip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- 
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson) ; O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. 
Rogers) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Jemmison) ; Col. Sir 
J. Rutherford, Bart., M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton) ; Messrs. Sander 
& Sons, St. Albans, and Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, a number of 
which appear in the above award list. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontioda Bradshawiz var. Columbia, and O. Lambeaniana var. Ruby 
(C. Noetzliana X Odm. Lambeauianum) ; Cymbidium Alexanderi var. 
coeleste (eburneo-Lowianum concolor X insigne), and var. Mars. (eburneo- 
Lowianum xX insigne roseum) ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Cowaniz alba and Miltonia Bleuana var. Priam ; from R. Ash- 
worth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum mirum Haddon House var. (Wilckeanum X crispum 
Luciani) ; from P. Smith, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda aurea var. Beauty (Odm. luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum X 
Oda. Charlesworthii), O. Tigris (Charlesworthii x Odm. harvengtense) ; 
Odontoglossum Zoe (Vuylstekei X Crawshayanum); Cattleya Schroedere 
var. Maude; and Cypripedium Greyii magnificum (niveum X Godefroye) ; 
from P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontioda Zenobia var. Hamilton, and O. Lambeauiana var. Hazel; 
from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoda Madeline var. Oporto; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

FirsT-cLass AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontioda Bradshawie var. Anglaia, O. Madeline var. Diadem, and 
Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. K. of K.; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Lady Maude (crispum X loochristense), and O. 
President Wilson; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontioda Elaine (Odm. Lambeauianum X Oda. Charlesworthii) ; from 
Dr. Craven Moore. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

Mr. J. Lupton, for Cymbidium Parishii Beardwood var., carrying four 
spikes of flowers. 

‘Mr. E. Rogers, for Eulophiella Elizabethe, carrying two fine spikes. 


The next meeting will be held in the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on 
Thursday, May roth, 1917. The Committee will meet at 12 o'clock noon, 
and the Annual General Meeting (to which all members are invited) will be 


118 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1917, 


held at 2.33 p.m., when the Balance-sheet will be submitted for approval, 4 
officers and Committee elected, prizes presented to the successful com- + 
petitors, alteration or addition to rules (of which immediate notice should — 
be given to the Secretary), and any other business transacted. 

The Secretary will be pleased to receive offers of prizes for competition j 
during the coming session, so that the same may be announced at the 5 


Annual Meeting. q 


aa ORCHIDS IN SEASON. Ean 


VERY handsome Odontoglossum is sent by Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
A Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate, which was obtained under the name of a 
O. crispum, with an inquiry as to whether the designation is correct. It | 
has bread petals, which are copiously spotted with violet purple on the 
lower halves, and the lip shows the unmistakable shape and markings of 0. — 
Rolfez, so that we think it isa form of O. Lambeauianum. The sepals : 
are more suffused with violet, and have larger blotches. | 

Odontoglossum Felix is a hybrid of O. Thompsonianum from the 
collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham, but, 
unfortunately, the other parent is unknown. The flower is almost 
uniformly dark brownish purple, with a deep yellow crest. Possibly other — 
seedlings from the same batch may yet afford a clue to the parentage. | 

Flowers of two pretty seedlings, obtained as derived from Odontioda — 
Goodsoniz x Odontoglossum crispum, are sent from the collection of H. : 
Worsley, Esq., Sherfin, Bakenden, near Accrington. They are rosy red, 4 
with some brown spotting on the sepals. As Odontioda Goodsoniz and 0. — 
Cooksoniz are forms of the same hybrid, the seedlings will be forms of 
O. Vivienne, raised in the collection of Mrs. Norman Cookson. 

A flower of Cypripedium Eva Cary-Batten is sent from the collection of 
Col. Carey-Batten, Leigh Lodge, Abbotsleigh, Bristol, through Messts- 
Keeling & Sons, Bradford. The parents are said to be C. villosum Prince : 
Noir X Col. Carey-Batten, the latter also raised in the collection from ©. | 
Lathamianum X Mrs. Carey-Batten. The flower has a large brown area — 
on the dorsal sepal, which strongly recalls C. Mrs. Carey-Batten, and in : 
other respects it shows characters of both C. villosum and C. Spicerianum. — 
It is very promising. 


Two interesting Odontiodas are sent from the collection of A. &- 
Crossley, Esq., Falling Royd, Hebden Bridge. O. Roydii (Oda. Vuylsteke# : 
x Odm. tigrinum) is the first of the batch to bloom, and the colour is deeP — 
crimson, much recalling O. Charlesworthii in this respect, though 
differing considerably in shape. O, Elaine (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. 


May, 1917+] THE ORCHID REVIEW. . 119 


Lambeauianum) is represented by two seedlings from the same seed pod, 
and are quite diverse in colour. In one the sepals and petals are scarlet- 
red, with a whitish area above and below, while in the other they bear large 
chestnut blotches on a white ground, rather recalling an Odontoglossum, 
though with the Odontioda shape. In the latter case the sepals of the six 
flowers on the spike are not quite normal, but it is hoped this may not 
recur when the plant becomes stronger. 

Mr. Crossley sends some statistics of the long, cold weather we have 
just passed through, showiug that the mean temperature of December and 
the three following months was three to four degrees colder than the 
average of the last 29 years, and that April, up to the date of writing, had 
exceeded all previous experience, with frost varying from 4 to 23 degrees at 
night, and snow on most days, an exceptionally trying period for the 
cultivator. 

From the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset, we have 
received another flower of Lelia Susanna, supposed to be a hybrid between 
L. pumila and Dayana (O.R., xxiii. p. 37). Mr. Clark states that the 
habit is fairly strong, suggestive of a large L. pumila, if not even of L, 
Jongheana. We are not quite clear about the L. Dayana parentage. 
The keels and some yellow deep in the throat, together with the rather 
elongated sepals and petals, are rather suggestive of L. Jongheana, and as 
the pollen is typical Lelia we suggest a form of L. Adrienne (pumila x 
Jongheana). A flower of Odontoglossum Electra (Andersonianum X 
triumphans) raised in the collection, is also sent, and is fairly intermediate 
in character. Two diverse forms of some Lelia tenebrosa cross were after- 
wards sent, but there is a doubt about the exact parentage. Some yellow 
in the sepals and petals of one of the flowers suggests the presence of L. 
cinnabarina. It is thought to have been raised from seed obtained with the 
record L. tenebrosa X Diana, but the point is not quite certain. The 
other has more bronzy sepals and petals, and both have purple lips. 


paca e eM 

CympiprumM Munronianum, King & Pantl.—Flowers of this rare 
Cymbidium have been sent from the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., 
Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol. The species is a native of Sikkim, and 
was described some years ago, and afterwards figured (Ann. R. Bot. Gard. 
Calc., viii. p. 187, t. 249), being dedicated to the late Mr. James Munro, 
for many years resident in Sikkim, and well known as a lover of plants. It 
is said to occur in the Teesta Valley, on dry knolls at the elevation of 
1,500 feet, and also in Bhootan. Ridley afterwards recorded it as also 
found at Bukit Bunga, Setul, in the Malay Peninsula, a plant from there 
having flowered in the Penang Botanic Garden. It is an ally of the 
Chinese C. ensifolium, Lindl., and has narrow leaves and erect racemes of 


120 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1917. 


fragrant flowers, the sepals and petals being straw-coloured, dotted and 


streaked with red, and the lip with some transverse red lines and a recurved, 
light yellow apex. Mr. Hamilton Smith remarks that he imported it about 
two years ago with some other Orchids. It is an interesting plant, but, 


like several other of its allies, is never likely to become common in — 


cultivation.—R.A.R. 


|e | ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. ED 


WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the — 
London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during — 
May, on the 8th and 22nd, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the 
the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The second meeting would, under normal — 
conditions, have been the Great Spring Show at Chelsea, which, together — 


with the Holland House Show, has had to be abandoned, under circum- 


stances mentioned at page 47. The succeeding meeting is fixed for 


June 5th. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold its 
last meeting of the present session at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on 


May toth, at the usual hour, followed by the Annual General Meeting at — 
2.30 p.m., when the statement of accounts will be presented, and arrange- — 


ments for the coming year will be announced. 


The plant of Cymbidium insigne album which received an Award of 
Merit from the R.H.S. on February 27th (see p. 67), has been acquired 
for the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Leigh Woods, Bristol, as it 
is suggested to have possibilities for hybridisation purposes. 


Aa ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | Ka 


[Orchids ave named rp questions answered here we Sa as possible. Correspondents are 
requested to _ the native country or parentage of plants An ADDRESSED postcard must be 


sent if a reply by post is desired abroad, repl t ecial 
interest will be dealt with in the body of whe yesteards “ow be neh oe 


G.G..—The nt gs of Cypripedium Boltonii iveum 
and thus it must be regarded Me Narieey of C. Ven fe ey Eiiaoe Seader= and 7 ’ 


J.C.—Many ae The note is unavoidably sels 
Mrs. E.J.T.—Aérides multiflorum var. Lobbii. 
F.D.—Many thanks for the flowers duly to hand, which will be recorded next wouts 
We regret that, owing to the abnormal conditions caused b hat 
the war, our binders ha 
not yet been able to supply the cases for last year, an ‘ e volumes are delayed by 


the same cause. Unforeseen and unavoidabl issue, 
but these, we hope, are only temporary. wari agin delayed the present ! 


“oy 


@ 
The Orchid Review & 
Sv VoL; AAV. JUNE, 1917. No. 294. a 


T is curious what an amount of confusion has been introduced into the 
| histories of some of our oldest or most familiar garden Orchids. It 
was the case with Phalznopsis amabilis, with Anguloa uniflora, and with 
Phaius tuberculosus, to cite three familiar examples, and we now have 
evidence that the remarkable Cypripedium caudatum has not escaped, as 
may be seen by an article on another page. Messrs. Sander have always 
contended that the Peruvian Cypripedium introduced by Forget a few 
years ago was different from the forms familiar in gardens, hence they 
named it C. caudatum Sandere. It has been exhibited on several 
occasions, and now that it has received an Award of Merit from the 
R.H.S. we were induced. to look the matter up further, with results seen in 
the article mentioned. It is now doubtful whether the Peruvian form, 
which was discovered by the Spanish botanists, Ruiz and Pavon, at least 
120 years ago, and described half a century later by Lindley, has previously 
been introduced, for the- plants long cultivated in gardens are shown to 
have come from elsewhere, while errors in the records, as on previous 
occasions, are partly due to confusion with allied species. The only thing 
is to rectify such mistakes when discovered. 

We had recently occasion (pp. 26-28) to review the question of the 
so-called “‘ origin of species by crossing,” and a paper noticed on page 123 
of the present issue invites the query as to how many such “species” may 
arise from a single cross, or at all events from the intercrossing of the same 
pair of original species? In the paper in question are described, and 
figured, three so-called new “species,” derived from the intercrossing of 
Orchis elegans and O. coriophora, of which one earlier form has already 
been described. We are, of course, familiar with the variation of hybrids 
between the same two species, and have arrived at a pretty general agree- 
ment to consider them forms of one ; and that not a species, for they do not 
behave at all like species such as we know them in nature. Even in the 
genus Orchis there is plenty of material for comparison, for a large number 
of natural hybrids have been described where the species grow intermixed. 

t2t 


OUK NOTE BOOK. 


ies THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JUNE, 191). 


Some of these hybrids may have been inadvertently described as species 
before their origin was known, but this is beside the point. We wonder : 
how many hundred species of Cypripedium, Cattleya, or Leeliocattleya ” 
could be made by working on such lines ? : 
URSn aera q 
These remarks do not exclude the possibility that species, as we know 
them in nature, may sometimes have arisen by hybridisation, but without 3 
evidence that such forms reproduce themselves true from seed, and thus q 
have the property of diffusing themselves from their original birthplace, wea 
are not justified in so regarding them. In a very large number of cases 4 
such evidence as we possess points to the elimination of these hybrid forms i 
through reversion, or swamping by intercrossing with the original parentsyg 
while new generations of hybrids arise under the original agency 
Further experiments as to the constancy of hybrids when self-fertilised 
should be attempted. ; 


Moscow Orcuip SocieTy.—An important notice failed to reach us 
some time ago, doubtless owing to postal derangements caused by the war, — 
but the information is now confirmed by the President, Dr. J. Troyanowsky- : 
At the annual meeting held on December 4th, 1915, the following were — 
elected as honorary members of the Society: Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Count © 
Jos. de Hemptinne, M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Mr. R. A. Rolfe, and Mr. Edward | 
V. Low. The Society, which was inaugurated three years previously , has 
made considerable progress, and during the preceding year held 235 
meetings, when many fine Orchids were exhibited. Three Diplomas wer® 
awarded for the best groups, with 20 First-class and 17 Second-class 
Diplomas for varieties ; also three Diplomas for good culture. The President — 
congratulated the Society on its progress, and expressed his pleasure — 
that, notwithstanding the severe trials and sad losses in the unprecedented 
fight for the highest ideals of humanity, the Society had followed the 
example of their valiant allies, and continued its activity. His counsel “ 
to follow the ideal of the Royal Horticultural Society of England, which 
had done so much for that country’s renown. Dr. Troyanowsky w@> 
elected President for the next term of three years, with Mr. A. Varjenevsky 
and Mr. R. Prowe as Vice-Presidents, Mr. A. Karzinkin as Treasurer, and — 
Mr. S. Voronin, Secretary, the other members of the Committee being Dr. Be 
Langowoy and Mr. Brashnin. At this meeting more than 100 fine Orchids 
were exhibited, especially noteworthy being a fine Vanda Sanderiana with © 
twelve blooms, from Mr. A. Karzinkin, to which a Diploma was awarded, 
with congratulations of the Committee. 


nee 
See ee 


Dr. Troyanowsky hopes to bé 
able to furnish some particulars of future meetings, which will be most 
welcome. 


JuNE, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123 


S z 


dV are indebted to M. Fernand Denis, Balaruc-les-bains, France, for 
the flower scapes of two of the very interesting hybrid Ophryses 
recorded at page 127 of our last volume. The first is O. lutea major x 
Speculum, of which five seedlings are said to have bloomed this year, four 
with one, the other with two flowers. The one sent has greenish yellow 
sepals and petals, and a strongly three-lobed, brown, hairy lip, darker in 
colour than would have been anticipated from the parentage. The other is 
O. Scolopax X Speculum, of which two plants have bloomed, and which is 
to be described by Dr. G. Keller under the name of O. Chobauti. In this 
case the seed parent is one of the rose-coloured species, and the hybrid has 
rosy sepals and petals, and a three-lobed, very hairy, dark-coloured lip. 
The colour cannot well be described, because, owing to difficulties in 
sending, the flowers had to be dried and enclosed in a letter. Two other 
hybrids mentioned by M. Denis are, O. Bertolonii X Speculum, of which 
two seedlings have bloomed, and O. bombyliflora x Speculum, called O. 
balarucensis, G. Keller, of which three plants have flowered. O. Speculum 
was the pollen parent in each case. M. Denis’ experiments are likely to 
throw a useful light on what is occurring in nature in this interesting genus. 

At the énd of April, M. Denis remarked that hardy terrestrial Orchids 
seemed to be flowering badly this year, both under cultivation and in a 
wild state, only Ophrys aranifera and the forms of O. lutea being flowering 
as usual, while Serapias elongata had been killed outright. A fortnight 
later, however, he wrote that, after a few warm days, he was surprised to 
see, in a small wood of Pinus alepensis near the Pont du Gard, the 
celebrated Roman Aqueduct at Montpellier, an abundant flowering of 
Ophrys arachnitiformis, Aceras anthopophora, and Orchis coriophora, 
with a few early Limrodorum abortivum. 

——»> 0 

THREE NEW “SPECIES” OF OrcHIS.—Under the title “ Diagnoses 
specierum trium generis Orchis nondum vel imperfecte descriptarum,” 
M. C. A. Urginsky has described and figured, in a pamphlet, what he calls 
three ‘‘ new species” of Orchis, namely, O. pseudoparviflora, O. Reinhardii, 
and O. Kelleriana, which were found in localities in Central Russia. All 
are said to be natural hybrids between O. elegans, Heuff., and O. 
coriophora, L. As O. elegans is itself synonymous with O. palustris, L., 
and as the natural hybrid between the latter and O. coriophora is known 
as O. Timbalii, Velen., we should regard the three others as varieties of it 


—certainly not as new species.—R.A.R. 


HYBRID: OPHRYSES. 


124 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917- 


ase SIBERIAN CYPRIPEDIUMS. ——[2aaja Paar 


WO beautiful hardy Cypripediums with white flowers have just 4 
bloomed in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Glos. | 
Both are said to have been imported by Van Tubergen, in rgr4, the larger a 
one as C. ventricosum album, the smaller as C. microsaccos album, this q | 
being represented as a white variety of a Manchurian species, most like C. 
Calceolus, with two to four flowers to a stem. The one sent has a single 
flower. The habitat of the larger one is not stated, but we take it to be 


preserved (Gard. Chron., 1905, i. p. 414, fig. 183). It is said to have been 
an albino of a beautiful rose-coloured Cypripedium, a batch of which was _ 
also exhibited by Messrs. Cutbush under the name of C. ventricosum, to = 
which a First-class Certificate was awarded. All are said to have appeared — | 
in the same batch from Siberia, and we recorded them as C. macranthum 4 1 
and C. macranthum album (O.R., xvi. pp. 184-5, 224). 

At the same meeting Messrs. Cutbush exhibited plants of a closely-allied 
Japanese species under the name of C. macranthum, under which name (as — 
well as a batch which flowered at Kew) we believe they were obtained from 
the Yokohama Nursery Co. This plant much resembles C. macranthum im : 
general character, but differs in having the flowers veined and mottled with — 
white, not uniformly rose-coloured as in the old Siberian plant. This” 
Japanese form we at first referred to as an imperfectly-known Japanes¢ 
species, C. Thumbergii, Blume (O.R., xvi. p. 185), but it has since been 
regarded asa distinct species, C. speciosum, Rolfe (Kew Bull., 19t1, p. 207 
O.R., xix. ps 205 ;- Bot, Mag., t. 8386). Itis an old confusion, and probably 
arose from the fact that the plant bears the name C. macranthum in the 
Japanese Floras. The two are now generally regarded as quite distinct 
and Messrs. Cutbush remark that there are differences in the roots. 

Whether the albino of the Japanese plant has been observed is a point © 
on which we are not quite clear, but Messrs. Cutbush remarked: ‘‘ We 
have pure white forms of C. macranthum, and also several brownish types, 
which, we think, proves that the species hybridise together in nature.” 

The latter remark probably applies to the Siberian plant, which, it has 
long been known grows with C. Calceolus in Siberia, where both species 
are common. As long ago as r8g1, M. Barbey described and figured, 
under the name of C. Calceolus Xx macranthos, a natural hybrid between 
these two species, which flowered on his rockwork at Valleyres, all three 
having flowered in a batch of plants obtained from St. Petersburg as C- 
macranthum (O.R., xii. p. 185). This natural hybrid was afterwards 


Jone, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125 


identified with C. ventricosum, Swartz (O.R., xviii. p. 215), and the 
parentage was ultimately confirmed by Mr. Scaplehorn, Messrs. Cutbush’s 
herbaceous foreman, who crossed C. macranthum with the pollen of C. 
Calceolus, and obtained seedlings identical in character (O.R., XVlil. p. 215). 

As to C. microsaccos, Krinzl., its history was given at page 268 of our 
twenty-third volume, at which time we only knew it from description. 
We have since found in the Herbarium a dried specimen collected in 
mountain forests in 1889, at Nertschinsk, Dahuria, by F. Karo (n. 125), 
and labelled C. Calceolus, L., which we think may represent C, 
microsaccos. It closely resembles a small C. Calceolus in shape and 
colour, but the lip, as dried, only measures 1} centimetres long, the size 
described by Kriinzlin. We find no other specimen like it, yet it is very 
nearly allied to C. Calceolus, if not actually a mountain form of it. 
Nertschink is a locality to the east of Lake Baikal, and the River Tirma, 
where C. microsaccos was collected, is rather further eastward. It is 
significant that the same collector (M. Docturowsky) also collected C. 
Calceolus X% macranthos at the river Tirma, and that both, together with 
C. Calceolus and C. macranthum, are recorded in the same paper by 
Kranzlin. Apart from the white ground colour, however, Mr. Elwes’ plant 
can hardly belong, for it has a lip about twice as long, though the sepals 
and petals are narrow. Of this the lip is white, and the sepals and petals 
are white, with a faint tinge of green, and we can scarcely imagine an 
albino of C. Calceolus losing the yellow of the lip, whatever might be the 
case with the sepals and petals. We cannot recall any white-lipped variety 
among normally yellow species. 

The question, perhaps, remains whether there may not be a white-lipped 
Cypripedium allied to C. Calceolus that is still imperfectly known. There 
are three species with normally white lips in different geographical areas. 
€. cordigerum, Don, is a native of the temperate Himalaya, extending 
from Kashmir to Kumaon at altitudes between 7000 and 11000 feet. It has 
light green sepals and petals and a white lip, but in every other respect 
closely resembles C. Calceolus. Probably the nearest ally of the preceding 
is C. candidum, Willd, a native of north-eastern America, which has very 
similar colours, but a rather smaller flower. And C. montanum, Dougl., a 
native of north-western America, combines a white lip with purple-brown 
sepals and petals, the general resemblance to C. Calceolus being most 
marked. It is curious how various closely allied species are scattered about 
in different geographical areas, and affords the most unmistakable evidence 
of descent with modification under varying conditions. 

There is one other Siberian species that should be mentioned, namely, 
€. guttatum, Swartz, a charming little plant characterised by its single 
flower, blotched all over with red-purple on a white ground, and in having 


126 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (June, 19190 


only two leaves. Whether it grows actually intermixed with C. Calceolus 
is not certain, but we have evidence of the two having been collected at the 
same place on the same day. It is rare in cultivation, but Mr. Elwes, in 
1899, brought home plants from the Altai mountains, where they were 
found growing in an almost impenetrable forest of Pinus Cembra, on the 
west shore of lake Teletskoi. They were successfully cultivated, and after- — 
wards figured (Bot. Mag., t. 7746). The species has an exceptionally wide 
distribution, extending from Central Russia to the Ural Mountains, thence 
through northern Asia to Kamschatka, Manchuria, the mountains near 
Peking, and across the Aleutian Islands to Alaska, and as far as the 
Franklin River in north-west Canada. In the mountains of Asia it 
extends southwards to Szechuen, in western China, and to the eastern 
Himalayas as far as the province of Chumbi, in Thibet—an altogether 
exceptional diffusion. R.A.R. 
Se 
|’ has long been known that Java possesses a very considerable Orchid — 
flora, a large number of species having been described by Blume as 
long ago as 1825, though the majority have been very imperfectly repre- 
sented in European Herbaria. A few years ago an enumeration was given 
by J. J. Smith, under the title of Orchids of Java, and he subsequently : 
published a supplementary work giving analytical drawings of flowers of all 
the species of which materials were available, these numbering 483- 
Dendrobium appears to be the genus most numerously represented, as 
many as 52 species being figured. Javan Orchids do not occupy a very 
prominent position in gardens, always excepting the beautiful Phalzenopsis 
amabilis and Vanda tricolor and suavis, though Ccelogyne speciosa may be 
mentioned among a number of interesting though less showy species 
Cypripedium is represented by C. javanicum, glaucophyllum, and Lowli. 
An interesting fact that has come to light as the flora of neighbouring 
islands has become known is the large number of endemic species, and the 
point is further emphasised in an article ‘‘ On some results of the botanical 
investigation of Java,” by Dr. J. J. Smith (Bulletin du Jardin de Botamque de 
Buitenzorg, xii. pp. 1-5). It is there remarked that many data fora good 
flora of Java are yet wanting, many species having been collected in a single 
or in few localities only. On this being pointed out to the Government the 
necessary funds for a botanical investigation of Java were most liberally 
| 


se ae et i 


= 
ae ORCHIDS OF JAVA. 


granted. Asa result, twenty great excursions and several lesser ones have 
been made. Many localities have been visited, and the flora was collected 
as completely as possible, and about 10,000 specime ns have been gathered. 


June, 1917,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127 


Each specimen was provided with a label, on which was recorded the latin 
and indigenous name of the species, with particulars of the habitat, not 
forgetting the altitude above sea-level. And wherever necessary and 
feasible, particulars about the specimen itself were added. These specimens 
are to be inserted in the Herbarium at Buitenzorg. The investigation is to 
be carried on a little longer, and will then be utilised in a work on the flora 
of Java. 
Details of the different excursions are given, and a point of interest is 
the great diversity in the flora of different districts, which is partly 
accounted for by differences in altitude and rainfall. In the mountainous 
district north of Buitenzorg, for example, the flora of two adjacent hills 
proved to be very different. Here are virgin forests of untainted beauty, 
and the region abounds in lianas, Orchids, and curious saprophytes. On 
Mount Slamat water is abundant in the middle zone between 1000 and 2000 
metres, consequently epiphytes are extraordinarily numerous, especially 
ferns and Orchids. A list of rare and noteworthy plants found is given. 


Tue Kew BuLLeTIN. —It is announced that the Kew Bulletin has been 
suspended, presumably as a war-time economy. At all events, the 
Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, the publisher, has announced that a 
list of essential and non-essential publications has been prepared, and that 
the Kew Bulletin has been included in the latter list, and the publication 
has, therefore, been suspended. An emphatic protest appears in a recent 
issue of Nature, in which it is remarked that the step seems almost 
incredible to anyone with a sense of proportion of the issues involved. 
The work serves as the official organ in which the results of scientific 
activity at Kew are largely given to the world. Kew is the central 
institution of a great system of smaller institutes established in every 
region of the Empire, and these institutes exist to further the material 
prosperity of the countries in which they are situated. The principal 
sources of wealth in most of our foreign possessions consist of vegetable 
products, and it is difficult to overrate the importance of keeping the 
botanical stations, remote as they mostly are, from the main channels of 
current scientific work, continually informed on relevant matters which 
from time to time reach the great clearing-house at Kew. Any action 
which tends to lower the efficiency of these institutes of economic botany 
must operate in a manner detrimental to the mutual interests of the 
countries thus effected. The journal has been many-sided in its activities. 
As regards Orchids, we may note that descriptions of nearly 500 new 
species, mostly in cultivation, have been published in its pages. We may 
recall, also an article on the Vanillas of Commerce, in which the different 
species of economic importance were pointed out. 


126 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


only two leaves. Whether it grows actually intermixed with C. Calceolus 
is not certain, but we have evidence of the two having been collected at the 
same place on the same day. It is rare in cultivation, but Mr. Elwes, in 
1899, brought home plants from the Altai mountains, where they were 
found growing in an almost impenetrable forest of Pinus Cembra, on the 
west shore of lake Teletskoi. They were successfully cultivated, and after- 
wards figured (Bot. Mag., t. 7746). The species has an exceptionally wide 
distribution, extending from Central Russia to the Ural Mountains, thence 
through northern Asia to Kamschatka, Manchuria, the mountains near 
Peking, and across the Aleutian Islands to Alaska, and as far as the 
Franklin River in north-west Canada. In the mountains of Asia it 
extends southwards to Szechuen, in western China, and to the eastern 
Himalayas as far as the province of Chumbi, in Thibet—an altogether 
exceptional diffusion. R.A.R. 


Be 
I" has long been known that Java possesses a very considerable Orchid 

flora, a large number of species having been described by Blume as 
long ago as 1825, though the majority have been very imperfectly repre- 
sented in European Herbaria. A few years ago an enumeration was given 
by J. J. Smith, under the title of Orchids of Java, and he subsequently 
published a supplementary work giving analytical drawings of flowers of all 
the species of which materials were available, these numbering 483- 
Dendrobium appears to be the genus most numerously represented, as 
many as 52 species being figured. Javan Orchids do not occupy a very 
prominent position in gardens, always excepting the beautiful Phalzenopsis 
amabilis and Vanda tricolor and suavis, though Ccelogyne speciosa may be 
mentioned among a number of interesting though less showy species. 
Cypripedium is represented by C. javanicum, glaucophyllum, and Lowii. 

An interesting fact that has come to light as the flora of neighbouring 
islands has become known is the large number of endemic species, and the 
point is further emphasised in an article ‘‘ On some results of the botanical 
investigation of Java,” by Dr. J. J. Smith (Bulletin du Jardin de Botanique de 
Buitenzorg, xii. pp. 1-5). It is there remarked that many data for a good 
flora of Java are yet wanting, many species having been collected in a single 
or in few localities only. On this being pointed out to the Government the 
necessary funds for a botanical investigation of Java were most liberally 
granted. As a result, twenty great excursions and several lesser ones have 
been made. Many localities have been visited, and the flora was collected 
as completely as possible, and about 10,000 specime ns have been gathered. 


te 
oan ORCHIDS..OF: “LAVA. 


June, 1917,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127 


Each specimen was provided with a label, on which was recorded the latin 
and indigenous name of the species, with particulars of the habitat, not 
forgetting the altitude above sea-level. And wherever necessary and 
feasible, particulars about the specimen itself were added. These specimens 
are to be inserted in the Herbarium at Buitenzorg. The investigation is to 
be carried on a little longer, and will then be utilised in a work on the flora 
of Java. 

Details of the different excursions are given, and a point of interest is 
the great diversity in the flora of different districts, which is partly 
accounted for by differences in altitude and rainfall. In the mountainous 
district north of Buitenzorg, for example, the flora of two adjacent hills 
proved to be very different. Here are virgin forests of untainted beauty, 
and the region abounds in lianas, Orchids, and curious saprophytes. On 
Mount Slamat water is abundant in the middle zone between 1000 and 2000 
metres, consequently epiphytes are extraordinarily numerous, especially 
ferns and Orchids. A list of rare and noteworthy plants found is given. 

THE Kew BULLeTIN. —It is announced that the Kew Bulletin has been 
suspended, presumably as a war-time economy. At all events, the 
Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, the publisher, has announced that a 
list of essential and non-essential publications has been prepared, and that 
the Kew Bulletin has been included in the latter list, and the publication 
has, therefore, been suspended. An emphatic protest appears in a recent 
issue of Nature, in which it is remarked that the step seems almost 
incredible to anyone with a sense of proportion of the issues involved. 
The work serves as the official organ in which the results of scientific 
activity at Kew are largely given to the world. Kew is the central 
institution of a great system of smaller institutes established in every 
region of the Empire, and these institutes exist to further the material 
prosperity of the countries in which they are situated. The principal 
sources of wealth in most of our foreign possessions consist of vegetable 
products, and it is difficult to overrate the importance of keeping the 
botanical stations, remote as they mostly are, from the main channels of 
current scientific work, continually informed on relevant matters which 
from time to time reach the great clearing-house at Kew. Any action 
which tends to lower the efficiency of these institutes of economic botany 
must operate in a manner detrimental to the mutual interests of the 
countries thus effected. The journal has been many-sided in its activities. 
As regards Orchids, we may note that descriptions of nearly 500 new 
Species, mostly in cultivation, have been published in its pages. We may 
recall, also an article on the Vanillas of Commerce, in which the different 


Species of economic importance were pointed out. 


5 


128 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


ay 


HERE are many miniature Orchids that, with little care, can be grown 
into specimens, and in that state are very floriferous and attractive, of 
which the one here figured forms a good example. It is a plant of 
Hexadesmia crurigera that was grown in the Royal Botanic Garden, 
Glasnevin, and is considerably reduced in size in the photograph. It hasa 
densely tufted habit, and the pseudobulbs are fusiform in shape, and bear 
at their apex a pair of narrow, fleshy leaves, and numerous loose racemes 


HEXADESMIA CRURIGERA. 


Fig. 16. HEXADESMIA CRURIGERA. 


of white flowers, about a quarter of an inch long, with a purple apex to the 
column. The species is a native of Central America, and was originally 
introduced from Guatemala, and flowered in the collection of James 
Bateman, Esq., at Knypersley, in 1843, being shortly afterwards described 
by Lindley (Bot. Reg., 1843, Misc. p. 2). It was figured in the Refugiwm 
Botanicum (ii. t. 92) by W. W. Wilson Saunders, being described as a very 
interesting and curious little Orchid, producing its flowers very freely. It 
was said to thrive on a block of wood or cork, on moss, in the temperature 
of the Mexican house, being kept moderately dry when at rest. It is very 


rare in cultivation at the present time, and there are several allied genera 
that are now seldom met with. 


June, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 129 


TEARS TIPS 
aie) MILTONIA ROEZLII. aes 


* LIKE Miltonia vexillaria, the beautiful-M. Roezlii never seems to have 
become common in cultivation, probably because it requires a rather 
warmer house, and has a way of deteriorating when the two are grown 


MILTONIA ROEZLI. 


together. The accompanying figure, however, representing a fine group 
grown by the late firm of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., shows what the species 
is capable of under suitable conditions. The plants were grown in a moist, 


130 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [June, 1917- 


warm, and shady house, and a layer of moss round the base of the pots was 
found conducive to the necessary degree of humidity in the atmosphere, as 
thrip and red spider have to be guarded against, which soon work havoc 
among the foliage. The warmer temperature required is explained by the 
fact that M. Roezlii grows at a lower elevation than M. vexillaria. M. 
Roezlii is a native of the western Cordillera of New Granada, in the 
province of Antioquia, notably on the slopes of the hills near the river 
Atrato, a tributary of the Cauca, and in the hot valleys of the Dagua river, © 
where it grows abundantly on trees and rocks, mostly in shade, and some- 
times, according to Messrs. Veitch, associated with Oncidium Kramer- 
ianum. And Roezl remarks that, where it grows, rain falls on practically 
every day of the year, which would explain the necessity of a moist climate 
in our houses. Lehmann indicates an extension to an even lower altitude, 
and he also collected it in Ecuador, it being localised as forests of Rio 
Bogota and Santiago, in the province of Esmeralda, this variety being very 
similar to the type. M. Roezlii has white flowers, with a large red-purple 
blotch at the base of the petals, the crest of the lip beiny yellow, but in the 
variety alba the petals are wholly white. The history of the species is 
given very fully at pp. 249-251 of our sixteenth volume. 


FEW years ago Messrs. Sander & Sons obtained among their 
Peruvian importations a striking form of Cypripedium caudatum, 
which has been exhibited on several occasions under the name of C. 
catidatum Sandere. At the R.H.S. meeting held on May 8th last it received 
an Award of Merit (see p. 137), and as the species was originally described 
from Peruvian materials, a summary of its history may be interesting. 
Cypripedium caudatum was originally described by Lindley in 1840 
(Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 531), the author remarking: ‘‘I have only seen one 
mutilated flower of this extraordinary plant, obtained at Lima from an 
herbarium of Ruiz & Pavon, and sent by Matthews to Sir William Hooker.” 
This Herbarium was made by the Spanish botanists, Ruiz and Pavon, 
during their exploration of Peru over half a century earlier, and the plant 
was probably collected in the Huanaco district, where it was afterwards 
met with by William Lobb, when travelling for Messrs. Veitch. From a 
dried specimen sent home by Lobb the species was figured in 1844 (Hook. 
Ic. Plant., vii. t. 658, 659), and it is remarked that Mr. Lobb ‘‘sent home 
dried specimens, and brought living roots with him as far as Jamaica, but 
they perished while he was there confined with a malignant fever.” The 
plant was again collected in Peru by Davis, when travelling for Messrs. 


CYPRIPEDIUM CAUDATUM. 


JuNE, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13¥ 


Veitch between 1873 and 1876, and some ten or more years later by Mr. J. 
Charlesworth, the former being localised Muna, and the latter Andes of 
Peru. All the specimens are preserved at Kew, and, so far as we can see, 
are identical with those recently obtained by Forget when collecting for 
Messrs. Sander. The significance of this will presently be seen. 

It was not until 1850 that the record appeared of C. caudatum flowering 
in cultivation, but at a meeting of the Horticultural Society held on March 
19th of that year we find the following (Gard. Chron., 1850, p. 182): ‘‘ Mrs. 
Lawrence exhibited a specimen of the long-tailed Ladies’ Slipper (Cypri- 
pedium caudatum), an extraordinary-looking species, which has just 
flowered at Ealing Park for the first time in England. As far as colour is: 
- concerned the flowers have little to recommend them, being, as near as- 
possible, greenish yellow; their peculiarity consists in the petals being 
extended into two long brown narrow tails, which hang down from each 
side of the blossom, and keep on growing and growing as the flower gets- 
older, till it is difficult at present to say what length they may eventually 
reach. Those in the specimen exhibited were nearly 18 inches long, and 
when the flowers are elevated, as they should be, some two or three feet 
above the foliage, these tails must give them a most remarkable appearance. 
It comes from Peru, and may now be met with in one or two collections in: 
this country. A Large Silver Medal was awarded to it.” 

This plant was now figured by Lindley (Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. pp. 37, 40, 
t. 9, fig. 23), and it is remarked: “ This extraordinary plant was for many 
years known only by a few fragments preserved in Herbaria. At last the 
collector Hartweg met with it, in wet, marshy places near the hamlet of 
Nanegal, in the province of Quito; but he did not send it home. Subse-- 
quently the collectors of Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, and of Mr. Linden fell 
in with it, and to the latter is, we believe, owing its introduction to Europe 
in a living state. Since that time a weaker specimen has blossomed with 
Mr. C. B. Warner. The accompanying plate is a faithful representation of 
the plant as it flowered at Ealing Park, but is far from giving an adequate. 
idea of the natural beauty of the species. The great sheathing bracts, 
which in South America were as large as those of a Heliconia, were mere 
abortions ; and we learn from drawings brought home by Mr. Warscewicz 
that the flowers are very much larger and finer-coloured in its native 
Swamps. The stains on the lip, for instance, are numerous, and of a rich 
warm brown, giving quite another appearance to the flowers. On one of 
Hartweg’s dried specimens are remains of six flowers of this sort, placed at 
the end of a scape more than two feet high.” At page 40 it is added : 
“The following woodcut gives some idea of the appearance of the plant in 
a wild state.” 

Thus Lindley introduced a remarkable confusion into the history of 


132 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


the plant. To begin with, Hartweg’s plant is not C. caudatum at all,. 
but C. Hartwegii, Rchb. f., a member of the longifolium group, which 
was discovered near Quito, about the year 1842, when Hartweg was 
collecting for the Horticultural Society. To it belongs the great sheathing 
bracts mentioned by Lindley. In fact, Lindley’s woodcut shows a plant. 
of C. caudatum, with the scape of C. Hartwegii, on which are inserted four 
flower of C. caudatum. The corresponding sheet in Lindley’s Herbarium 
shows a flowerless scape of C. Hartwegii, with a drawing of the original 
flower of C. caudatum from Ruiz and Pavon. The bracts in the coloured 
plate, mentioned as mere abortions, are quite normal. There is thus no 
evidence that Hartweg ever met with C. caudatum. It is stated that he 
did not send it home, and as the dried specimens, both in Lindley’s and 
the Kew Herbarium, belong to C. Hartwegii, the evidence seems 
conclusive. The locality ‘‘ Peru” belongs to the dried specimens collected 
by Ruiz and Pavon and by William Lobb. As to where Linden’s plant 
{the one represented in the plate) was collected there is no evidence, but 
‘we suspect it to have been New Grenada, where Linden had a collector at 
about this period, and where Lehmann subsequently collected it. The 
light colour rather recalls the variety Wallisii, but we think the evidence is 
against it being this. Unfortunately no flower was preserved, but the New 
Granadan form agrees well, so far as we can see on comparison. As to 
Warscewicz’s remark that the flowers are very much larger and finer- 
coloured in its native swamps, we believe that this refers to the Central 
American variety, Warscewiczii, to be presently noticed. There is thus no 
evidence of the introduction of the original Peruvian form, which we are 
inclined to think is due to M. Forget. 

We now come to two very distinct local varieties, as they are now 
generally considered. In 1852, Reichenbach described, under the name of 
Cypripedium Warscewiczii (Bot. Zeit., 1852, p. 692) a plant that had been 
collected by the Polish botanical explorer, Warscewicz, on the mountains 
of Chiriqui, Central America. This was ultimately introduced, and after- 
wards figured under the name of C. caudatum roseum (Rev. Hort., 1867, 
p- 133, with plate), a name which very well describes its difference from 
the original form. It soon became generally cultivated, and now bears the 
name of C. caudatum var. Warscewiczii. 

The variety Wallisii, which is characterised by its rather smaller 
flowers and lighter colours, was originally described as Selenipedium 
Wallisii (Rchb. f. Xen. Orch., ii. p. 189, t. 181), from materials obtained 
by Gustav Wallis in Ecuador, gies Lehmann subsequently collected it. 
The latter's specimens are localised as Rio Zamona, at 800-1000 métres. 
The plant collected by Davis at Huanaco, Peru, which was subsequently 
referred here, belongs to typical C. caudatum. R.A.R. 


June, 1917,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
Hessle, E. Yorks. 


HE climatic conditions have taken a most welcome turn since my last 
notes were written, and the warmer weather has been responsible for 
the rapid strides the plants have made during the past month. Growth is 
active in every department, and flowers will soon be abundant. A collection 
of Orchids is always interesting, but especially so at this season when so 
many are in bloom. By these the grower sees the result of his labours» 
and he anticipates the result of his work by the strength of the new growths 
that other plants are pushing at this season. There is no more interesting 
occupation than Orchid-growing, in spite of numerous disadvantages, for it 
provides one continual change, which makes many other occupations 
appear quite monotonous. 

The general conditions of the different houses as regards temperatures, 
watering, ventilation, and atmospheric moisture should be conducive to 
growth, therefore liberal conditions should prevail in every department. 
The general conditions laid down last month are suitable for the present 
one, with the single exception that, should hot weather prevail, even more 
humidity may be maintained. No plants can make satisfactory growth at 
this season in a dry parched atmosphere. Again, moisture must be used in 
conjunction with heat, as a cold, saturated atmosphere, even at this season, 
may do much harm. In the cultivation of plants there are a few essentials 
to be always kept in mind. Firstly, that they are dependant on the 
quarters we provide for them. Secondly, that they must not suffer, either 
from too much or too little water at the root, the latter especially at this 
season, and, thirdly, that a rootless plant is incapable of taking up water 
from the compost. A little careful thought and consideration is a great 
aid to successful plant cultivation. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—These comprise so many beautiful plants,. 
and produce such a succession of flowers at this season that they are 
indispensable, and from their diverse characters it is quite obvious that the 
necessary treatment will vary somewhat as regards when repotting should 
be done. It is perfectly safe to undertake this operation at any season of the 
year, with the exception of the dull dark days of winter. But whenever it is 
done, the compost must be kept comparatively dry until the new roots have 
taken hold of it freely. It is absolutely necessary that this detail should be 
carefully observed. Plants of C. Warscewiczii (gigas) that are now making 
strong growths, and showing flower sheaths, should have abundance of 
heat and light, and be supplied with water whenever they become dry. 
This plant, owing to its short season of growth, should receive generous 


434 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


treatment after it starts, or it will not develop strong pseudobulbs. Plants 
that are not strong enough to produce flowers should be given a position 
where they receive the maximum of light, so that they may attain flowering 
size as quickly as possible. C. Dowiana and its variety aurea, having now 
started into growth, should also receive generous treatment, so that they 
may build up satisfactory growth. C. Warneri and its hybrids thrive under 
similar conditions to the preceding, and the earliest plants will be producing 
flowers. The different varieties of C. Mossiz and C. Mendelii will be in 
bloom, and make a great display. There will also be many hybrids of the 
Cattleya, Lzliocattleya, Brassocattleya, and Sophrocattleya families in 
flower, and they may be treated as advised for Cattleyas in previous 
numbers. There is no need to treat each hybrid separately, but with the 
original species it is quite different, as they mostly come from different 
localities, and have their own requirements. These plants are as easily 
grown as any others, and are at the present day much better understood 
than formerly ; the great point to be observed is to keep them in a sweet 
and healthy compost, apply water with care, and maintain a sweet and 
buoyant atmosphere at all times. 

THUNIAS are now pushing up their flower scapes, and may be given 
waterings with weak liquid manure. Owing to their short flowering season 
they are not grown as much as formerly. As a means of extending their 
flowering season, it is advisable when the first blooms expand to remove 
them to cooler and drier quarters. 

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA, with its varieties and hybrids, make a wonderful 
display of beautiful flowers during the summer months, and must not be 
overdone with moisture at the root at this season, neither must they suffer 
for the want of it. When the flower spikes are removed, the plants should 
be carefully rested in the Cool house, and watered sparingly until the new 
growths push forth roots, when any necessary repotting can be attended to. 

ODONTOGLOssUMs, OponTIoDAs, and other plants of a similar nature 
will also make a brilliant display in the Cool house, and, speaking generally, 
there is now an abundance of flowers. The plants in bloom are best 
arranged by themselves so that no spray from the syringe or other 
instrument may reach them, as this induces premature decay. 

CyPRIPEDIUMS.—Plants of the C. bellatulum and niveum section that 
have recently flowered, with their hybrids, may have attention as regards 
new rooting material, if required. Well-rooted specimens in good material, 
with room to develop, should not be disturbed. They are best grown in 
pots, with ample drainage. A suitable compost is made up of two parts 
peat fibre and sphagnum moss, with some small pieces of mortar rubble 
added, and all thoroughly mixed together. The plants must be potted 
firmly, and should be elevated close to the glass in a warm Intermediate 


JUNE, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135 


house. Owing to their thick glaucous leaves these plants are able to with- 
stand drought better than Cypripediums which have thinner leaves, there- 
fore should only receive water when necessary, and in no case should they 
be watered overhead. Seedling Cypripediums, as they become large 
enough, should be placed in small pots, so that they may get well rooted 
before the winter. 

DenpRoBiuMs.— D. Phalenopsis and D. formosum are autumn-flowering 
species, and if they have not already been repotted they should be attended 
to without delay. Being plants which produce few roots, shallow pans are 
the best receptacles, and as they have a short growing season, they should 
receive generous treatment from the time they commence to push until the 
completion of the pseudobulbs. Dendrobiums of the evergreen section, 
such as D. Farmeri, may also have attention as regards repotting, should it 
be necessary. A clean fibrous compost answers their requirements. 
Owing to the difficulty in obtaining material and labour, undoubtedly many 
more plants will have to stand over as regards repotting than in normal 
times, therefore a close watch should be placed upon the application of 
water to the compost in which any plants are growing, especially where 
this is known to be more or less decomposed. 

Ca:LocynEes.—The species which produce pendulous flower spikes are 
best grown in shallow pans, which may be suspended when in bloom, where 
their flowers will be seen to great advantage. Such plants as C. asperata, 
with its hybrid, and others that produce flowers at this season, may be 
repotted, if necessary, when their growths are well advanced, and about to 
push forth roots. Owing to the immense quantity of water necessary for 
the welfare of these plants when in full growth, the pots or pans must be 
well drained, and the compost should be made moderately firm. They 
delight in abundance of heat, but resent strong sunshine. C. pandurata, 
and others of a rambling nature, are difficult to keep in a compact form, 
therefore it is advisable to sever the rhizome behind the second or third 
bulb, and when the back bulbs have produced a break they should be 
potted into small receptacles, when they will soon make flowering plants. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—Many people are suffering from the great 
shortage of labour, and only with the greatest difficulty are they able to keep 
their plants growing and carry on generally. In the interest of horticulture 
it is essential that the many valuable plants in the numerous collections in 
the country should be maintained in good health, so that there is not too 
much arrears to make up when normal times return. Most of us have 
Some experience of dealing with refractory subjects, and horticulturists are 
always at war with the enemies of their plants, and now that so many are 
away there must be no relaxation, or the result will soon be apparent in 
reduced vigour and a diminution in the number of flowers. 


136 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (June, 1917. 


oS MILTONIA VEXILLARIA WESTONBIRT VAR. ee 
OW that hybrid Miltonias are being raised so successfully, we have a 
great accession of the forms having a large claret-coloured blotch, or 
mask, as it is often called, on the base of the lip, these having originated 


Figs 38. 


MILTONIA VEXILLARIA WESTONBIRT VAR. 


largely from the use of the remarkable variety of M. vexillaria known aS 
memoria G. D. Owen. The Westonbirt variety, here figured, has very 
similar characters to the last-mentioned. It was exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir 
George L. Holford at the Temple Show in 1907, and was awarded a First- 


JUNE, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137 


class Certificate, the figure representing the plant as exhibited. The blotch, 
which bears a curious resemblance to a butterfly in shape, forms a very 
strong contrast to the rest of the flower, which it sets off to great advantage. 
A few hybrids between Miltonia vexillaria and the crispum section of 
Odontoglossum have been raised, and it would be very interesting if this 
concentration of colour could be carried over to these Odontiodas. We 
have little doubt that the experiment is being attempted. 


S| SOCIETIES. /é| 


RoyaL HorTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on May 8th, when there 
was an improved display of Orchids, and the visitors were more numerous. 
The awards consisted of four Medals, three Awards of Merit, and one 
Preliminary Commendation. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), James 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, R. Brooman White, 
Walter Cobb, C. J. Lucas, W. H. Hatcher, J. Charlesworth, J. E:Shill, 
T. Armstrong, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, 
and J. Wilson Potter. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CAUDATUM SANDER&.—A handsome form, believed to be 
dentical. with the Peruvian form on which the species was originally 
established. The ground colour is yellowish white, with copious emerald 
green veining on the sepals, and some purple veining on the petals, while 
the infolded side lobes of the lip are white, with a zone of brown spots, and 
a brownish tinge on the front of the pouch. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander 
& Sons. : 

DENDROBIUM ILLUSTRE VAR. FLORENCE BARTELS (pulchellum (Dalhous- 
leanum) X chrysotoxum).—A ‘handsome form, bearing an inflorescence of 
seven large cowslip-yellow flowers, with a large claret-purple blotch near 
the base of the lip. Exhibited by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. 

OponTiopA CARDINAL (parentage unrecorded).—A magnificent form, 
probably a variety of O. Sensation (Oda. Vuylstekee x Odm. crispum), of 
which it has the general character. It bore an ample panicle with 41 well- 
Shaped flowers, heavily blotched with salmon red on a yellowish white 
ground, and passing to rose at the margin, the apex of the lip being white. 
Exhibited by Baroa Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. 
J. E. Shill). 


138 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PRESIDENT WILSON.—A promising seedling, 
having a flower of good shape, and the broad. sepals and petals claret-red 
with white margin and tips. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), staged 
a few choice plants, including Odontoglossum Thompsonianum pallidum, 
bearing a spike of sixteen white flowers, with a few small purple blotches 
on the segments, and Dendrobium illustre Bartelsianum, a_ beautiful 
variety, bearing a raceme of ten flowers, with lighter-coloured blotches than 
the one certificated, and somewhat broken up by paler, radiating lines. 

Leonard Dixon, Esq., Pitlochrie, St. Albans, showed Odontioda 
Charlesworthii Pitlochrie var., bearing two spikes of eighteen and nineteen 
dark red flowers, with a somewhat lighter lip. 

William Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool, Warrington, showed a particularly 
fine piece of Dendrobium Wardianum giganteum, from a plant imported 
three years ago. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a choice group, 
including the chaste Cattleya Skinneri alba with 14 flowers, Miltonia 
vexillaria G. D. Owen, M. Venus, M. Phalenopsis, and Bleuana, Odonto- 
glossum crispum xanthotes, O. pomerens xanthotes, O. Kegeljanii, and 
others, a brilliant form of Sophronitis grandiflora with orange-scarlet 
flowers, a number of brilliant Odontiodas, Leliocattleya Canhamiana 
splendens, pure white, with an intense crimson-purple front to the lip, Le. 
Mrs. Temple, and others (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also sent a choice 
group of well-grown plants, including a pan of the rare Habenaria 
rhodochila, with orange-red lip, Odontonia Norma (Miltonia Warscewiczii 
x Odm. eximium), a striking thing, having the sepals and petals blotched 
with claret-red, and the broad, nearly circular lip white, with solid claret- 
red blotches on either sides of the yellow crest, Cattleya Warneri alba and 
C. Gaskelliana alba, Brassocattleya Princess Ena (Bc. Maronii X C. 
Mossiz), two fine Bc. Veitchii, Cymbidium Alexanderi, fine forms of 
Odontioda Zenobia, Brewii, and Bradshawiz, and a few handsome Odonto- 
glossums (Silver Flora Medal). 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group, including 
Leliocattleya Goldcrest, Fascinator, and others, the remarkable Dendro- 
bium Harveyanum, Maxillaria Fletcheriana with three flowers, Vanda 
cristata, Ornithidium coccineum, Epicattleya radiato-Bowringiana, 
Ccelogyne prolifera and ochracea; Brassocatlelia Triune, Lycaste Janet- 
Ross, light yellow with faint rose spotting, and a few good Odonto- 
glossum; (Silver Banksian Medal). 


JuNE, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139 


Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, staged a group of about twenty 
Dendrobiums, including examples of D. Rolfee, D. Apollo grandiflorum, 
D. nobile virginale and Cooksonianum, D. Salteri X Rolfez, a charming 
thing most resembling the latter, a fine D. Perfection, and others (Silver 
Banksian Medal). 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent Cymbidium Diana flava, 
with primrose yellow flowers, and Brassocattleya speciosa grandis, a large 
lilac-coloured form. 

The following meeting was held on May 22nd in the London Scottish 
Drill Hall, and brought together an increased number of exhibits, which 
somewhat restricted the amount of floor space, and at times left hardly 
enough room for the visitors present. This meeting would, under ordinary 
conditions, have been the usual three days’ Show at Chelsea, and the 
groups, though greatly reduced in size, indicated to some extent what 
might have been attempted under normal circumstances, though nothing in 
the way of the usual artistic grouping could be attempted. The Orchid 
awards consisted of six medals, but individual plants brought before the 
Orchid Committee were few in number, and only one Award of Merit and 
one Preliminary Commendation were given. 

Orchid Committee present:—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Arthur Dye, R. G. 
Thwaites, Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, E. R. 
Ashton, T. Armstrong, Stuart H. Low, J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, J. E. 
Shill, A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, Walter Cobb, C. J. Lucas, R. Brooman 
White, S. W. Flory, and W. Bolton. 

AWARD OF MERIT. 

OponTIopA GENERAL HaiG (Odm. Aglaon X Oda. Vuylsteakez).—A 
very handsome hybrid, bearing a spike of sixteen large flowers of excellent 
Shape, and the ground colour creamy white, with large cinnabar-red 
blotches and a violet margin, and the lip lilac, shading off to purple, and 
with some red blotches round the yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs. 
Armstrong & Brown. 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

OpontocLossuM FABIA SPLENDENS (Aglaon X eximium).—A promising 
seedling, the flower having broad, claret-purple segments, with some white 
at the margin and apex. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), staged a 
Stoup of a dozen choice plants, to which a Vote of Thanks was accorded. 
Noteworthy among them were Odontioda Lady Colman, intense scarlet, 
Q. Bradshawiz Fire King, bearing an ample panicle of very brilliant scarlet 


140 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JUNE, 1917, 


flowers, O. Bradshawie American Triumph, a large orange-scarlet form, 
and O. Ada (C. Neetzliana x Odm. Thompsonianum), bearing a spike of 
claret-red flowers with a deep yellow crest. The others were finely-grown 
‘plants of familiar hybrids. 

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden), 
showed Odontioda Gladys Famille Rose (Odm. Pescatorei x Od. Brad- 
shawiz), a well-grown plant with handsomely spotted flowers. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
sent cut flowers of Lzliocattleya Monte-Rosa (L. purpurata Schroedere X 
C. Suzanne-Hye), white, with the front of the lip purple, Lc. Schroglossa 
(Le. callistoglossa X C. Schroederee Niobe), Lc. Anaconda, Lc. Aphrodite 
and Lelia purpurata Schroederz. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a brilliant group 
of finely-grown plants, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. 
With few exceptions the plants had been raised in the establishment, and 
among them we noted a fine set of Miltonia vexillaria, including the 
brilliant var. Lyoth, with good forms of M. Charlesworthii, Bleuana, and 
Venus, a beautifully-shaped Odontoglossum crispum roseum, several good 
O. c. xanthotes, O. eximium xanthotes, O. Aireworth, O. Doris, O. Isonzo 
(illustrissimun X ctispum), rich claret purple, with white margin and tips, 
O. Trentino (spectabile  Alexanderi), heavily blotched with purple on a 
white ground, O. Gorizia (Jasper x President Poincaré), a handsomely- 
blotched hybrid, O. Hybla (eximium x percultum), dark reddish purple 
with white margins, Miltonioda Ida (M. Warscewiczii * Odontioda Cook- 
soni), bearing a spike of twelve bright red flowers, with the front of the 
lip lilac, Odontioda Hiawatha (Charlesworthii x Coronation), a fine red- 
purple self with a yellow crest, some fine forms of O. Charlesworthii, 
Zenobia, Joan, Lambeauiana, and Bradshawie, Leliocattleya Fascinator, 
Le. Nell Gwynne, Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, and various other good 
things. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a fine group, largely consisting of Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas, with a few Leliocattleyas and white Cattleyas. We also 
noted a good plant of Ccelogyne pandurata with a fine spike, two nice 
plants of Cirrhopetalum Collettii, Miltonia vexillaria G. D. Owen with two 
spikes of six flowers each, two well-grown Milton Phalenopsis, Brasso- 
cattleya Veitchii splendens, and Leliocattleya Aphrodite with six flowers. 
Among the Odontoglossums were O. Aglianum (Aglaon x Lambeauianum), 
claret-red with white margin and the broad lip white in front, and O. 
Bullecourt (Wilckeanum x Mars), a fine thing, heavily blotched with red 
on a yellow ground, shading off to white at the margin, and the petals 
finely fringed, while Odontioda was represented by examples of O. Henryi, 


JUNE, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 141 


beechensis, Charlesworthii, Vuylstekee, Seymouriz, and O. Madeline 
auriferum (Oda. Charlesworthii X Odm. crispum), a fine clear yellow form 
blotched with red on the sepals and petals. 

Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Flora 
Medal for a fine group, including good examples of Brassocatlelia 
Triune, forms ot Lelia purpurata, Phalznopsis amabilis, Brassocattleya 
Veitchii and Maroniz, good examples of Epidendrum gattonense (Boundii 
X xanthinum), bearing heads of deep yellow flowers, Chysis bractescens, 
Masdevallia Houtteana and Veitchii, the pretty little Leptotes bicolor, 
Miltonia Bleuana Stevensii, the brilliant Renanthera Imschootiana, 
Cypripedium Rossetti, Odontoglossum citrosmum, Thompsonianum, 
excellens, Fascinator, Jasper, armainvillierense, and crispum, Dendrobium 
thyrsiflorum and chrysotoxum, Lezeliocattleyas, and others, the plants being 
also examples of good culture. 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, also received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a choice group, very prettily arranged with Adiantums, and 
including examples of Odontioda Brenda (C. Neetzliana X Oda. Brad- 
shawie), a brilliant scarlet hybrid most recalling an improved form of 
the Cochlioda parent, O. Elaine (C. Noetzliana xX Oda. Charlesworthii), 
another brilliant scarlet, good examples of O. Vuylstekez, keighleyensis, 
Lambeauiana, Bradshawie, and Lutetia, some good Odontoglossum 
crispum and O. c. xanthotes, Miltonia Bleuana and some good M. 
vexillaria, Oncidium McBeanianum, Cattleya Dusseldorfiii Undine, C. 
Mendelii striata, blush white with purple stripes on the petals, some good 
Leliocattleyas, and other interesting things. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group, in which Cattleyas and Leeliocattleyas were well 
represented, noteworthy among them being C. Mossiz grandis and Excelsior, 
two richly-coloured forms, the white C. Dusseldorfii Undine and C. Magali- 
Sander, the richly-coloured Le. Vesuvius (Haroldiana x Veronique), three 
good Le. Ballii, Sophrocatlelia Marathon, forms of Lelia purpurata, 
Oncidium serratum, Cypripedium Gertrude with four flowers, Eria amicta, 
and other interesting things. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, also received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group, in which forms of Leliocattleya Aphrodite, 
Gladiator, Hyeana, Fascinator, and Isabel-Sander were conspicuous, with 
good examples of Brassocatlelia Astarte, the striking Maxillaria Fletcher- 
iana, a well-flowered Brassocattleya Veitchii, Cattleya Magali-Sander, 
Epidendrum fragrans, Ccelogyne ochracea, Sarcopodium triflorum, the 
curious Megaclinium falcatum, and others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Lzliocattleya Cadorna (Lc. Ceres 
X C, Mendelii), a promising thing, with blush-white sepals and petals and 


142 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


the front of the lip bright purple, a fine white Miltonia Bleuana, and the 
striking Odontioda St.-Quentin (Oda. Zephyr X Odm. Wiganianum), 
bearing two spikes of bright yellow flowers, with a cluster of red spots on 
the centre of the segments. 

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May roth, 
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the 
chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D, A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven 
Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
A. Hanmer, F. Houghton, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, H. Thorp, and H. 
Arthur (Sec.). 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda St. Fuscian (C. Noetzliana X Odm. Adrianz), and Miltonia 
Bleuana Perfection ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum Matador; from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Fascinator aureum ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum Leeanum (Odm. Calypso x Odm. Rouge Dragon); from 
W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Cattleya Mendelii Fairy Queen; from Mr. J. Birchenall. 

FirsT-cLass AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum promerens xanthotes Conyngham var., and O. crispum 
Ishtar; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. 
C. Branch), for a choice group, including some excellent Odontoglossums 
and Brassocattleyas, Leliocattleya Canhamiana alba, Miltonia, Bleuana 
rosea, Odontioda Zenobia, and other fine things. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. S. Davenport), for a fine group, in which Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas were well represented, with some good Leliocattleyas, varieties 
of Cattleya Mendelii, Miltonias, and others. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a fine general group, in which some good Cattleyas, Brassocattleyas, 
Odontoglossums, and Dendrobiums were conspicuous, with examples of 
Renanthera Imschootiana, the rare Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii, and others. 

A number of interesting exhibits were staged by Dr. Craven Moore, 
Victoria Place, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton- 
on-Mersey (gr. Mr. J. N. Kitchin) ; J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. 
J. Law); Mr. J. Evans, Lymm, and Mr. J. Birchenall, Alderley Edge, 
several of which appear in the above list of Awards. 


The Annual Meeting of the Society was held at 2.30 p.m., the Rev. J- 


June, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143 


Crombleholme presiding. The Report and Balance-sheet were adopted. R. 
Ashworth, Esq., was re-elected President, and the Vice-Presidents, 
Officials, and Committee were all re-elected. 

The prizes were presented to the successful exhibitors as follows :— 

Ashworth’s Silver Cup, to Dr. Craven Moore. 
_ Jj. J. Bolton’s Gold Medal, to the Rev. J. Crombleholme. Gardener’s 
Prize to Mr. E. Marshall. 

J. J. Bolton’s Silver-gilt Medal, to R. Ashworth, Esq. Gardener’s Prize 
to Mr. S. Davenport and Mr. W. Gilden. 

Botanic Society of Manchester’s Gold Medal, to Mr. E. Rogers. 

A. R. Handley’s Prize, to Mr. C. Branch. . 

Charlesworth & Co.’s Objet d’Art, to Dr. Craven Moore. Gardener’s 
Prize to Mr. T. Arran. 

Cypher’s Gold Medal, to R. Ashworth, Esq. Gardener’s Prize to Mr. 
S. Davenport and Mr. W. Gilden. 

A. Hanmer’s Silver Cup, to R. Ashworth, Esq. Gardener’s Prize to 
Mr. S. Davenport and Mr. W. Gilden. 

McBean’s Silver Trophy, to Dr. Craven Moore. Gardener’s Prize to 
Mr. T. Arran. 

P. Smith’s rst Prize. to Mr. S. Davenport and Mr. W. Gilden; 2nd 
Prize, to Mr. T. Arran; 3rd Prize, to Mr. E. Marshall. 

The Secretary is pleased to report that all the prizes have again been 
offered for the coming session, and the complete list will appear in the 
member’s cards, as before, in due course. The competitions will commence 


at the next meeting, on June 7th. 


iF ORCHIDS IN SEASON. lg 


FLOWER of a promising seedling Leliocattleya is sent from the 
collection of Thomas Wilcox, Esq., of Walsall. It was derived from 
Leliocattleya Lucia (L. cinnabarina xX C. Mendelii) x c. Mossi 
Wageneri, and has rosy lilac sepals and petals, and the lip bright purple in 
front, with a bright yellow disc, the influence of the albino parent thus not 
being apparent. It is flowering for the first time from a pseudobulb some 
42 to 5 inches long, and will naturally improve as the plant gets stronger. 
A form of Odontoglossum luteopurpureum is also sent. 3 
A curious malformation of the white Cattleya Magali-Sander (Dassel- 
dorfi Undine x Mossiz Wageneri) is sent by Messrs. Sander & Sons, a 
Albans, It has only a single petal, which occupies the erect wee 
normally occupied by the missing dorsal sepal, the two lateral sepals an 
the lip alone being normal. It is probably only an accidental freak. 


144 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JUNE, 1917. 


ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


Be 
WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 
London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 
June, on the 5th and roth, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the 
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The following meeting is fixed for July 3rd. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 7th and July 5th, 
but there will be no meeting during August. With the advent of 
September the usual fortnightly meetings will be resumed. The Committee 
meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 4 p.m. 

0 «= 

SEEDS OF CYMBIDIUM TRACYANUM.—We are indebted to Messrs. 
Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a fine seed-pod of Cymbidium 
Tracyanum, showing an enormous number of seeds. A flower of the 
species was self-fertilised on October 26, 1915, and the capsule was ripe and 
cut on April 15, 1917, nearly eighteen months later. The capsule is six 
inches long, 63 inches in circumference, and it weighs 117 grammes 
(slightly over + pound). The number of seeds is estimated at about 
850,000, this being obtained by weighing one-fortieth of a gramme of seed, 
counting it under the microscope, and multiplying it by the total weight of 
seeds in the pod. It is probably in excess of this number, for care was 
taken to make it rather an under-estimate. The experiment was only made 
for scientific purposes, but a small quantity of the seed was sown. The 
capsule and a drawing will be preserved at Kew. It indicates what an 
enormous number of plants might be obtained from a single capsule under 
favourable circumstances. 


Aa| ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | eiste 


_ C.H.L.—Epidendrum alatum, Batem., hitherto known as a native of Guatemala and 
British Honduras. 
T.W. 
name O, crispum from having come out of an importation of the latter. 
any thanks for the letter and information, which is being suitable acknow- 


J.L.H.—Many thanks. The copies shall be dealt with as directed. 
J.J.B.—A particularly interesting flower, a note of which has had to be held over. 
BEGINNER.—The only means of keeping the temperature of the Odontoglossum house 


Will subscribers kindly note that posted copies are sent direct from Kew, and forward 
all communications respecting them to the Editor ? Ina‘tention to this involves delay aad 
unnecessary reposting of letters. 


32 
2S Se, 


Q 
o Che Orchid Review & 
on Vor. AXV. JULY, 1917. No. 295, ; 


ee OUR NOTE BOOK. ES 


HE appearance of an albino of Lelia lobata, as recorded on page 155, 

is an interesting matter, and the curious thing is that it has crept into 
cultivation, as it were, unobserved, and under a wrong name, which would 
hardly have been possible had the real status of the plant been known. The 
history of the species is also given, and, considering that it first flowered in 


cultivation as much as seventy years ago, it is curious how little is 
known about it. The late Louis Forget, whose work as a collector naturally 
gave him facilities for observation, states that the species ‘‘ is found on the 
Gavea, principally at Sapiatoba and Cabo Frio, near Rio de Janeiro, where 
it grows in touch with Cattleya Forbesii, C. guttata, and C. intermedia” 
(O.R., xx. p. 293), and this is the most definite information that we know 
of. Here is the one station known to Messrs. Veitch, though they speak of 
itas ‘believed to spread over parts of Southern Brazil.” There is one 
other vague record of Sao Paulo, from a garden source. Perhaps some of 
our Brazilian correspondents may be able to give some more definite 
particulars. 


There are other popular garden Orchids of which the details of habitat, 
and the conditions under which the plants grow naturally, are very meagre, 
and now that novelties are chiefly raised in our collections at home the 
reasons for secrecy no longer apply, and we hope that the missing details 
will be gradually forthcoming. They form an important part of the history 
of any species, and the information would often be useful to the cultivator, 
who in any case likes to know something about the plants he grows. To 
those who take an interest in the origin of species and their distribution 
over the earth’s surface such details are, of course, essential, for species 
bear a very definite relationship to each other, and each has its own 
geographical area, more or less extended or circumscribed according to 
the existence of barriers to dispersal and its means of surmounting 
them. A mass of useful information of this kind would be available if the 
experiences of some of our active Orchid collectors could be published, and 
we believe that some of it exists in the shape of private correspondence and 

145 


146 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, £917 


note books, though a good deal of it is of a personal character, and is 
probably lost. It is fortunate that some valuable records of this kind have 
been preserved with herbarium specimens, though in a good many cases 
such details were not recorded upon the tickets. 


The history of the remarkable Uropedium Lindenii, given on anothet 
page in connection with that of Cypripedium caudatum, establishes two 
points very clearly, namely that it must have arisen from the latter as a 
mutation or reversion, and that it has succeeded in establishing itself 
independently and extending its area to stations where the Cypripedium is 
not found. This fact invites an enquiry as to the particular iusect which 
fertilises the Cypripedium, and how the Uropedium has managed to 
succeed so well without its pouch. It is the best instance that we can 
recall of the establishment of what has been considered as a distinct genus 
by mutation. It is curious that C. caudatum Wallisii should have in- 
dependently made the same attempt, and it would now be interesting to try 
the effect of self-fertilising the Uropedium. It is known that abnormal 
forms can be perpetuated by seed, but they seldom succeed in the far more 
serious task of establishing themselves independently in a state of nature. 

Freaks and monstrosities are, of course, common among garden plants, 
and are preserved, and even worked for, because of their decorative value, 
but they are rare or evanescent in nature. They represent for the most part 
discordant combinations of characters, which cannot maintain themselves 
in the struggle for existence with the environment. Apostles of the seed 
pan and the breeding pen seem to think that the origin of these freaks is 
subject to definite laws, and that their study will solve the whole question 
of the origin of species in nature. One extreme geneticist claims that this 
problem can alone be solved by such methods, and that “in discovering the 
methods of evolution the initiative is denied to the paleontologist, the 
zoogeographer, and the morphologist.’’ But the geneticist cannot begin at 
the beginning, and he is as unable to estimate what have been the govern- 
ing forces as he would be to control them if known. And there is always 
the time element to reckon with. One experimenter has devoted “some 
years of study ” to the habit alone of a single species of plant, and has 
published pages of statistics, and he remarks that ‘‘ many more years must 
pass before the work can be completed.” And when conclusive results are 
obtained they may not apply to some other species which has a totally 
different habit, to say nothing of the existence of multitudinous other 
characters. A study of afflnities, combined with the geographical dis- 
tribution of closely allied species, is far more likely to afford a clue to what 
has been the course of evolution in the past. 


JuLy, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147 


ies UROPEDIUM LINDENII. es 


HEN summarising the history of Cypripedium caudatum (pp. 130-132), 
we omitted to mention the remarkable Uropedium Lindenii—now 
generally regarded as a variety or peloriate state of C. caudatum—on the 
ground that it deserved a chapter to itself. 
Uropedium Lindenii was described by Lindley in 1846 (Orch. Linden, 
p. 28), on materials collected three years previously by Linden, below Lake 
Maracaybo, on the Cordillera of Merida. The author remarked that it had 
all the characters of Cypripedium except that the lip was flat and extended 
into a long narrow tail, much like the petals in shape. The habit was said 
to be exactly that of C. insigne. It was subsequently collected by 
Schlim, near Ocana, at an altitude of 1500 metres, growing on rocks and 
trees; and presumably living plants were sent home, for in 1850 Lindley 
remarked: “‘ We learn from Mons. Pescatore that it has now produced two 
flowers in his great collection at the Chateau of St. Cloud, near Paris. 
' The sepals are white streaked with green, and more than 31 inches long ; 
the petals and lip full 21 inches long, very velvety at the base, white 
streaked with green; the tails have the colour of wine lees.” He also 
called it the most remarkable terrestrial Orchid yet known (Paxt. Fl. Gard., 
i, p. 72). 
One of the flowers was sent b 


botanist, M. Ad. Brongniart, who published an elaborate paper (Ann. Se. 
that the plant had three fertile 


y M. Pescatore to the distinguished French 


Nat., ser. 2, xiii. pp. 113-118, t. 2), showing 
and suggesting that it was an abnormal, peloriate state of 


Stamens, 
This hypothesis, however, was rejected. by 


Cypripedium caudatum. 
Reichenbach, who afterwards figured the plant (Xen. Orch., i. p. 32, ti °T5), 
on the ground that the two had never been found together, and that the 
number of observed plants of the Uropedium was too great to admit of its 
being regarded as an accidental form. 
In 1860 a fine figure and very full account of the plant appeared in 
Pescatovea (t. 2), and here the locality in which Linden discovered it is said 
to have been on the meadow-like savannahs lying between the Cordillera of 
Merida and Lake Maracaybo, growing among underwood composed chiefly 
of Weinmannia, Eugenia, and climbing ferns (Gleichenia), at an altitude of 
about 5000 feet—a locality, by the way, where Wagener subsequently 
Collected it. The altitude is important, because Lindley had originally 
recorded it as 8500 feet (on what authority is not clear, because there is no 
collector’s ticket with his original specimen), and the error is repeated in 


Several of the early accounts. 


148 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Juny, 1917. 


In June, 1863, a plant flowered with Mr. John Day, who made a pen 
and ink sketch (Orch. Draw., ii. t. 47), and added the following interesting 
note: “‘Mr. Blunt, Messrs. Low’s collector, writes: The habitat of this plant 
is most peculiar—sometimes it is found terrestrial and in exposed sunny 
places, and at other times on the cooler parts of the Cordillera growing on 
trees on parts were decayed leaves have collected ; but still I should count 
it amongst the Orchids requiring a temperate climate, as in these spots it 
is to be found most frequently.” In May, 1896, Mr. Day painted it in 
colour (xix. t. 41), adding: ‘The plant is so much like Selenipedium 
caudatum that it is not easy to distinguish it therefrom. I believe it comes 
from some part of New Granada. It is very difficult to get exact informa- 
tion of the native habitats of Orchids. The nurserymen who send their 
collectors are very jealous of imparting any precise information.” 

An important contribution to the history of the plant was made by the 
collector Roezl, in 1888 (Orchidophile, i. p. 570). He remarked that it was 
found in various localities in New Granada, at altitudes of 4000 to 6000 feet, 
growing indifferently upon trees, on dead trunks, on rocks, or on the road 
side, but never in great abundance, perhaps a dozen or half a dozen plants 
being found in the same spot. He had found it on the route from 
Buenaventura to Cali, at the summit of the Cordillera, at the same height 
as Masdevallia Chimera. At Ocana, whence it had mostly been imported 
of recent years, it was known to the natives as Linda (the belle). In other 
localities it was rare, but he had met with it at Sonson, near Medellin, 
growing with innumerable Masdevallias and Odontoglossum_ luteopur- 
pureum ; near Frontino, with Miltonia vexillaria; and, lastly, at Guindio, 
on the high Cordillera of Cartago viego. These various localities were some 
eight days’ journey apart. He had been asked whether it was not a 
-vatiety of Cypripedium caudatum, but he was bound to reply in the 
negative, for although he had frequently found the Uropedium he had 
never met with C. caudatum. 

It may here be added that Consul Lehmann collected the plant on the 
Cordillera of Cali, growing on trees at 1000 to 2000 metres, and in the 
forest of Cajamarca, W. Andes of Rondanillo, at 1 500 to 2000 metres, and 
that Burke also met with it, when collecting for Messrs. Veitch, the 
specimen being simply localised Columbia. 

Further light has now been thrown on the probable origin of this 
remarkable Orchid. In 1886 a plant of Cypripedium caudatum in the 
establishment of Mr. William Bull, at Chelsea, produced a flower having 
three free sepals, three fertile anthers, and a curiously flattened lip, fairly 
intermediate between the normal lip and the lip of Uropedium (Gard. 
Chron., 1896, ii. pp. 268, 269, fig. 54). In June, 1891, a plant of ©. 
caudatum var. Wallisii in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Batt-r 


Jury, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149 


Burford, produced a scape, bearing one normal flower and one having three 
fertile anthers, and a lip almost exactly like the one on Mr. Bull’s plant in 
shape. Lastly a plant of the same variety in the establishment of Messrs. 
Linden, Brussels, produced a spike of flowers identical with Uropedium 
in every respect but colour, this being of the delicate light tint of the 
variety in question (Lindenia, vii. t. 321). Both the latter were received 
alive, eliminating all possibility of mistake, and are now preserved at Kew. 
It is now clear that Uropedium Lindenii originated as a sport or 
mutation from some form of Cypripedium caudatum, and has become 
diffused from its original birth-place, probably on account of its coming 
true from seed, as some other abnormal forms are known to do. It must 
thus be regarded as a permanent mutation—not a distinct genus in the 
ordinary sense—just as Paxtonia rosea is a mutation of Spathoglottis 
plicata, and Dendrobium normale a mutation of D. fimbriatum. We do 
not know whether any attempt has been made to raise Uropedium 
Lindenii true from seed. Three hybrids were raised from it by Messrs. 
Veitch, C. macrochilum, C. Penelaus, and C. giganteum (the other parents 
being respectively C. Roezlii, C. calurum, and C. grande), but in each case 
the hybrid had a normal lip, which may be regarded as due to the stronger 
influence of ‘the normal parent. It would be interesting to try the effect of 
self-fertilising the Uropedium, and ‘thus throw light on what is probably 
occurring in nature. It may be added that the Uropedium was the pollen 
parent of the two first hybrids mentioned, but the seed-bearer in the third. 
It now remains to indicate the geographical distribution and differences 
of the forms of C. caudatum already mentioned. The original C. caudatum 
was collected by Ruiz & Pavon, it is believed in the Huanuco district of 
Peru, where, probably, W. Lobb afterwards met with it, while Davis 
collected it at Muna. C. caudatum Sandere, as far as we can see, is 
identical, and Mr. F. Sander writes that this was collected by Forget in 
the extreme south of Peru, but he cannot get at Forget’s letters at present. 
It is a big form, and the different plants are uniform in colour (as described 
at page 137). The richly-coloured Central American var. Warscewiczii 
was originally collected by Warscewicz, at Chiriqui, Costa Rica, where 
Lehmann subsequently collected it, his specimens being localised as Rio 
Caldera, Chiriqui. This form extends further north, having also been 
collected in British Honduras by Skinner, and in Guatemala by Turckheim, 
whose specimens ate localised as Pansamala, Dept. Alta Verapaz, 3800 it. 
The smaller, light-coloured var. Wallisii is a native of Ecuador, where it 
has since been collected by Lehmann, at Zamona, on the eastern Andes of 
Loxa, at 500 to 1300 metres. Lastly, we have the abnormal variety 
Uropedium (Uropedium Lindenii) whose characters and distribution have 


been pointed out above. 


150 THE QGRCHID REVIEW. [Juty, agi. 


HE mention (at p. 131) of the curious made-up figure, in which a scape 
of Cypripedium Hartwegii is shown growing from a plant of C. 
caudatum, and producing flowers of the latter, reminds us of a few other 
remarkable Orchidological mistakes. - 
There is the fine coloured plate of Galeandra Baueri in Batemen’s — 
Orchidaceae of Mexico & Guatemala (t. 19), on a copy of which Lindley (in 
his own Herbarium) has written: “ This is made up of two very different 
plants.” It was not further explained, and Reichenbach merely added 
(Walp. Ann., vi. p. 649): “‘Icon. phantastica horribilis florulenta foliis — 
cauleque minus correctis.” The origin of the mistake may be foundin — 
Bateman’s text, where it is explained that a Mexican plant in the collection a 
of Mr. Barker produced flowers in the autumn of 1839, and ‘‘ from these, 
assisted by native specimens more recently discovered by Mr. Skinner im 
Guatemala, Miss Drake prepared the exquisite drawing from which the — 
accompanying plate was taken.” Some clue as to what these native — 
specimens may have been was given by Lindley, in 1840, when figuring the 
plant (Bot. Reg., xxvi. t. 49), for he speaks of “‘ Another plant now to be — 
found in several collections, and called Galeandra Baueri, but which is much 
more branched, and has not yet flowered.” At all events the habit, as : 
figured by Miss Drake, is exactly that of Chysis bractescens, a species 
which during recent years has been collected in Guatemala by Turckheim, 
and which we strongly suspect was also collected there by Mr. Skinnet, — 
though we have failed to find a record. Curiously enough, the error has 
been perpetuated by Puydt (Orch., p. 197, fig. 193), who has copied Miss 
Drake’s drawing without acknowledging the source. 
And this is not the sum total of the confusion, for Bateman’s Galeandr@ 
Baueri is not the original one of Lindley, which is a native of Guiana 
Both Bateman and Lindley discuss the difference in the native county, 
and, curiously enough, when four years later the true Guiana plant did 
appear in cultivation, Lindley redescribed it under the name of G. cristata 
adding one more to the comedy of errors. The Mexican plant is 10W = 
known as G. Batemanii Rolfe (Gard. Chron., 189Q1, li. p. 430). a 
Such a case is fairly paralleled by that of Phalznopsis amabilis, which — 
had long been known as a native of Java until the name was applied by 
Lindley os a plant that had been introduced to cultivation by Cuming from 
the Philippines, and which Lindley then considered identical. The curio 
thing, however, was that when a few years later the true Javan plant wat 
introduced, by Thomas Lobb, Lindley failed to recognise it, and ‘5? 


MISTAKES IN ORCHIDOLOGY. 


Juty, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157 


redescribed it under the name of P. grandiflora. This mistake was- 
detected by Reichenbach, who renamed the Philippine plant P. Aphrodite, 
but he adopted the illogical position that the erroneous names should be 
retained for garden purposes only, hence the long time which elapsed. 
before the correct names were adopted. The climax was reached when 
long afterwards the Javan plant was introduced in quantity under the name: 
of P. Rimestadiana, under which it is still often cultivated. 

Another kind of made-up figure is seen in the case of Masdevallia 
racemosa showing over a dozen flowers expanded at the same time (Veitch 
Man. Orch., v. p. 58), whereas in nature they would appear in succession 
over a considerable period. This mistake is probably explained by the. fact 
that at the original sale of living plants, in 1883, a dried specimen was 
exhibited on which the numerous flowers had been carefully arranged as if 
all open together. It was shortly afterwards spoken of as “the last new 
arrival, M. racemosa Crossii, the dried flowers of which, borne from ten to 
twelve on a spike,” &c. (Gard. Chron., 1884, i. p. 736). The original of 
this drawing was presented to Kew, where it is now preserved. In cultiva- 
tion it is very rare to.see more than two flowers expanded at the same time. 

Misfortune dogged the footsteps of another early Orchid. Anguloa 
uniflora, the original species of the genus, was described and figured by 
Ruiz & Pavon in 1794, from materials collected in Peru. In 1844, Lindley 
published a figure of what he supposed to be the same (Bot. Reg., xxx. t. 
60). He remarked: ‘‘ We some time ago announced the appearance in 
this country of a.new species of the long-lost genus Anguloa, concerning 
which so many mistakes have been made. We are now able, by the 
kindness of Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, to publish the very Anguloa 
uniflora itself, which he was so fortunate as to flower in April last. We 
believe he received it among Linden’s collectioas from Columbia ; according 
to Ruiz & Pavon it is found in precipitous places about Muna and Chincao,. 
in Peru, and profusely, in the woods of Tarma, where it is called Carpales.”’ 
This view passed current until some eight years ago, when a Peruvian 
Anguloa, said to have been imported from Moyobamba by Mr. Kromer, 
with Cattleya Rex, was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. by Mr. 
Kromer. Inthe meantime an Anguloa eburnea, supposedly of Columbian 
origin, had been described and figured (Will. Orch. Alb., iii. t. 133), with 
which I immediately identified Mr. Kromer’s plant, and subsequent 
comparison of all the materials and figures showed that this was the original 
A. uniflora of Ruiz & Pavon, while the Columbian plant was distinct, and 
for this Linden’s name of A. virginalis had to be adopted. The history of 
the confusion has been fully recorded (O.R., xvii. pp. 316, 317; Xx. p. 106). 

A most remarkable mistake occurs in the last plate of Mr. Bateman’s 
big book already mentioned (t. 40), where the males of two distinct species 


52 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JuLy, 1917. 


of Cycnoches—they were long supposed to be “sports ’’—are shown 
growing from the same pseudobulb of C. Egertonianum. The mystery was 
long inexplicable, for it did not appear to be a case of the now well-known 
sexual dimorphism, both being males, and even belonging to different 


Fig. IQ. CYCNOCHES EGERTONIANUM (Miss Drake’s drawing). 


sections of the genus. But the appearance, in 1895, of bona-fide female 
flowers of C. Egertonianum, in the Kew collection, demanded a solution, and 
as a possible one suggested itself on a careful study of all the facts, the casé 
was put before Mr. Bateman, who was then living. It was that as the twO 


JuLy, 1917.] THE ORCHID*- REVIEW 153 


racemes were not borne simultaneously, and as the green flowers “‘ were still 
hanging on the stem” (possibly much withered) when the purple ones 
appeared, they might have been restored by the artist by the help of an 


left, 2 on right). 


Fig. 20. CyCNOCHES EGERTONIANUM (3 on 
earlier drawing. Mr. Bateman’s very characteristic reply may be seen at 
page 57 of our sixth volume, and we can only add that it is unfortunate 

; 4 r a t , j oO 
that the inflorescence was not carefully preserved instead of remaining 


154 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ (Jury, 1917. 


‘many months. on the plant.’”’ It would, of course, be absurd to blame 
Miss Drake wholly for the error, because nothing was then known about 
sexuality in the yenus, and she may have acted upon instructions, but it 
shows the necessity of caution when plates are being made up from 
different materials. A photographic reproduction of this remarkable plate 
is given on page 152, and the succeeding one shows more nearly how it 
might have been represented had Mr. Raffill’s camera then been available. 
This is a combination of two photograpns of the same plant of C. 
Egertonianum, made in successive years, and showing the female flowers 
on the right, and the males on the left, and the latter shows that Miss 
Drake’s drawing still leaves something to be desired in the way of accuracy. 
In the case of the allied genus, Catasetum, the existence of sexuality 
led to an even greater mistake, for Lindley established a genus for what 
afterwards proved to be only the females of Catasetum. Darwin connected 
the two, but introduced another error with regard to Myanthus (see Rolfe 
in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvii. pp. 206-225, t. 8). R.A.R. 
(To be concluded.) 


ac caaapagiblaatts 

DENDROBIUM LuTWYCHEANUM vaAR. MITCHELLII.—A flower of @ 
particularly interesting and beautiful hybrid Dendrobium has been sent from 
the collection of J. J. Bolton, Esq., of Pendleton, near Manchester. Mr. 
Bolton writes: ‘It is from a seedling raised by the oldest Orchid grower 
in this country, Mr. E. Mitchell, Sale, Cheshire, who was for many years 
gardener to the late Dr. Ainsworth, and the raiser of Dendrobium Ains- 
worthii. He is still devoted to his profession, though now 82 years of age 
After many unsuccessful attempts he managed to raise the plant from 
which this bloom has been taken. The parents are D. Wardianum X 
Ainsworthii splendidissimum grandiflorum, the Wardianum carrying the 
seed pod. I think it is a little beauty.” It is certainly a handsome ‘thing; 
the flower being over 3} inches broad across the petals, and of excellent 
shape. The sepals are rose-purple, and the petals similar above, but much 
lighter below, while the lip has a very broad, slightly feathered, maroon 
disc, with a yellow ring round it, this passing into white, and then rose 
purple at the apex. Both the petals and lip are very broad, the latter 
measuring one and three-eights across, with a correspondingly ample disc. 
It is a variety of D. Lutwycheanum (O.R., ii. p. 202), from the collection 
of S. G. Lutwyche, Esq., having the same parentage as the original, but 0 
superior decorative merit, and we have much pleasure in connecting it with 
Mr. Mitchell’s name, as desired. D. Clio, for which Sir Trevor Lawrence 
received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S: in March, 1896 (O.R., iv. Ps 
122), obtained from the reverse cross, is another variety, and now stands a 
D. Lutwycheanum var. Clio. 


Jury, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155 


ees | LAELIA LOBATA AND VAR. ALBA. ber 


EARLY seventy years ago Lindley described, under the name of 
Cattleya lobata, a Brazilian Orchid which flowered with Messrs. 
Loddiges, of Hackney, in May, 1847 (Gard. Chron., 1848, p. 403). He 
remarked: ‘‘The flowers are of one uniform purple, tinged with violet, 
with some rich crimson veins on the lip. It is nearly allied to C. labiata, 
of which, perhaps, it is a variety. The excessive lobiny of the petals and 
lip, and the comparative small size of the latter, seem, however, to point to 
a specific difference. At all events it is as well marked a form of the genus 


as C. Mossi, and, for the purpose of cultivators, may be looked upon as a 
distinct species.” Six years later, Reichenbach described the same thing 
as Lelia grandis var. purpurea (Bonplandia, 1854, p. 89), from a 
Brazilian plant which flowered with Messrs. Booth, of Hamburg, and a 
year later it became L. Boothiana (Rchb. f. in Allg. Gartenz., xxiii. p. 322). 
It was subsequently figured (Rchb. f. Xen. Orch., i. p. 218, t. gt). The 
species ultimately became Lelia lobata (Veitch Man. Orch., ii. p. 74, with 
fig.), under the rule for retaining the earliest specific name. After a long 
interval we are able to record the appearance of an albino of the species. 
At the R.H.S. meeting held on June 5th last, a plant was exhibited by 
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, which they obtained from 
the Continent under the name of L. purpurata Latona, this being all that 
is known of its origin. The absence of the purple lines which are 
invariably present in white forms of L. purpurata (the whole flower being 
uniformly white), and the smaller size, immediately caught our eye, 
and a subsequent comparison of the five-flowered inflorescence and a 
pseudobulb and leaf, kindly presented by Messrs. Charlesworth, confirm the 
opinion formed that it is the albino of L. lobata. Apart from colour it 
proves an almost exact match of Lelia Rivieri (Carr. in. Rev. Hort., 1874, 
Pp. 331, with plate), based on a plant which flowered with M. Rougier- : 
Chauviere, of Paris, and which is said to have been received from New 
Grenada. This, however, must have been a mistake, for the plant is 
synonymous with the Brazilian L. lobata. We have seen no dried native 
Specimen of the species, and Cogniaux, in the Flora Brasiliensis, is only 
able to mention the provinces of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, both from 
garden sources. Messrs. Veitch only know of a single station, on the coast 
of Rio de Janeiro, where it grows on a bare rock that is washed by the 
ocean below, and where it is fully exposed to the sun from morning to 
night. L. purpurata Latona also flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth a 
year ago (O.R., xxiv. p. 179), and we suspect that the L. purpurata alba 
Ashworthiz (l.c., p. 182), may be identical. R.A.R. 


156 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 1917. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
rks 


| CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY. 
Hessie; E. Yo 


HE change in the climatic conditions during the last few weeks, almost 
from arctic to tropical, has been most beneficial to those Orchids 
which revel in heat and light, and many which at one time appeared late 
in producing their flowers are in bloom practically at their normal season, 
so rapid has been their production of flowers. With the increased heat 
and light, it has been possible to treat all the plants in the warmer divisions © 
more liberally, and growth in most cases has been rapid. In the Cool 
divisions some pains has been necessary to keep the temperature down and 
the houses cool and moist, conditions in which these plants revel at this 
season. The temperatures and general treatment as advised for the 
summer months must be continued, and every encouragement given to the 
plants to make clean and healthy growths. 

VENTILATION AND SHADING will require much attention, as the young 
growths are at present unable to withstand much sunshine until they have | 
become inured to it. When growth is complete, there is ample time to 
ripen or consolidate it, so that the plants may produce flowers of the best 
quality. During the recent spell of hot weather it has been possible to use 
the ventilators of the different houses to the best advantage, and the extra 
amount of fresh air has also been greatly to the plants’ advantage. Plants 
grown under this rational treatment are better able to withstand any slight 
set-backs than those grown under stuffy conditions. The ventilation of 
the different houses depends entirely upon the class of plants grown in 
them, and in all cases Orchids resent a dry parched atmosphere: therefore 
it is quite obvious that the ventilators must not be thrown open in a 
haphazard way, but a continuous circulation of fresh air should be main- 
tained at all times without causing draughts. If draughts will cause stiff 
neck to the cultivator, what does it cause the plants? Suffering, 
undoubtedly, and imperfect development and even death, are the accom- 
paniment of this condition of things. 

WATERING at this season must have most careful attention. Those 
plants which are well rooted in the compost, and making rapid and vigorous 
growth, may receive it in abundance, while those newly-potted, and those 
which have not yet commenced to grow, must have it applied with caution. 

PoTTinG in most establishments will this season suffer from the 
shortage, not only of labour, but also of material. Owing to this serious 
trouble it will be advisable to hold over all plants that are growing in a 
sweet and healthy compost, repotting those in which the rooting material 
is found to be decomposed. No plant can make satisfactory root growth in 


JuLy, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157 


a decomposed material, and it is useless to attempt it, hence the necessity 
of repotting any that are in that condition. A sweet, healthy rooting 
material is of the first importance, and to keep it so requires some 
attention from those entrusted with the use of the water pot. 

Lzuias.—The Mexican Lelias are in full growth, and the bright 
weather is to their liking. Only sufficient shade should now be given to. 
prevent scorching. Lelia purpurata, and the hybrids derived from it, 
should enjoy a short rest after their flowering season is passed, and any 
necessary repotting may be taken in hand when new roots are observed to 
be pushing. The cool-growing members of this family, such as L. pumila, 
prestans, Jongheana, Dayana, and others are developing new growths. If 
a light position can be found for them in the Cool house they will thrive 
there much better during the summer months than in the Intermediate 
house. They may remain there until their flowers show, when they may 
be returned to the Cool Intermediate house for the winter. These plants 
may be afforded fresh rooting material whenever they begin to make new 
roots. Comparatively speaking, these plants are of small growth and are 
best grown suspended at a moderate distance from the roof. They delight 
in a reasonable quantity of light and air at all times, with a plentiful supply 
of water to the roots when in full growth. As soon as growth is complete 
only sufficient to prevent shrivelling is necessary. The slender-bulbed L. 
harpophylla, which one does not see much of nowadays, also succeeds in 
the Cool house during the hottest part of the year. 

L2LIOCATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—There are so many hybrids at the 
present day, and of such complex parentage, which succeed under similar 
treatment, that for the present I purposely put them together. The plants 
I refer to are those now in bloom, or that have just passed that stage. 
They are best kept slightly on the dry side at the roots until new growth, 
and with it new roots, are produced, when any necessary repotting can be 
undertaken. At this season they will take plenty of water at the roots. 

CaTTLevas.—C. Gaskelliana, C. labiata, and others which make their 
growths during the summer months, and produce their flowers during the 
autumn, will have made considerable progress, and already the pseudobulbs 
and flower sheaths are formed. They should receive water whenever they 
become dry, and be placed in a position where they may receive the benefit 
of light and air to consolidate their growth. As soon as these are mature, 
and the flowers commence to push through the sheaths, much less water 
will suffice. C. Mossiz, C. Mendelii, and their numerous varieties have 
now passed out of bloom, and may have any necessary attention as 
regards repotting as soon as root action recommences. C. Bowringiana, 
with its hybrids, may also have attention in this matter when the young 
growths have attained some considerable size and are about to push roots. 


158 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 1917. 


ODONTOGLossuMS.—A dry atmosphere is most detrimental to these 
plants at this season, and every effort must be made to keep their quarters 
cool and moist. Plants of any of the dwarf-growing Mexican section, such 
as O. Cervantesii, Galeottianum, madrense, Rossii, maculatum, and others 
that are in need of new rooting material may receive attention when the 
new growths are partially made and about to push roots. They are best 
grown in shallow pans, and should be suspended at the warm end of the 
Cool house. The compost must be pressed firmly around the plants, and 
must be watered with care until the plants are re-established. 

COCHLIODA AND ITS HYBRIDS.—The whole of this family are also best 
grown in shallow pans, and they succeed under the same conditions as the 
Odontoglossums. C. Neetzliana, vulcanica, and sanguinea may have 
attention as regards repotting in the same way as Odontoglossums. 

TRICHOPILIAS.—The different species of this interesting genus will have 
passed out of bloom, and will now be forming new growths, and when 
these are about to push roots is the best time to undertake any necessary 
repotting. They succeed in the same compost as Odontoglossums, and 
should be grown in shallow pans, and given an even temperature all the 
year round. An excess of water at the roots at any season is harmful, 
as their foliage and pseudobulbs soon spot. 

CypRIPEDIUMsS that produce their flowers during the summer months, 
such as Stonei, Lawrenceanum, Rothschildianum, &c., may be given more 
root space, should they require it, immediately their flowers fade. 

DeENDROBIUMS.—The repotting of the evergreen, or the thrysiflorum 
group, of this large genus should now be completed. The Cool-growing 
species, such as D. Jamesianum, infundibulum, and others, as they pass out 
of flower and start into growth, should have attention at the roots should 
it be necessary. They must be potted firmly, in fact all Orchids which are 

grown in the materials now available must be potted so. 

Oncip1ums of the cool section, such as O. Forbesii, crispum, Gardneri, 
concolor, Marshallianum, and others which may require attention as 
regards repotting, may have their requirements attended to when the 
young growths attain the size of three to four inches in length and are 
about to emit new roots. A similar compost to that used for Odonto- 
glossums will answer their requirements, but rather more half-decayed oak 
leaves may be added. The heat-loving section, such as O. Lanceanum, 
luridum, carthaginense, and others, may also be afforded fresh rooting 
material as they reach the desired condition. These plants revel in a light 
position in the warmest house, with abundance of water whilst in active 
growth, but when growth is complete only sufficient moisture should be 
supplied to keep their leaves plump. Their thick leaves are capable of 
Standing considerable drought. 


July, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159 


GENERAL REMARKS.—The work for the present month will be much like 
that of the preceding one, and the general routine of potting, watering, &c., 
will take up much time. The cultivator has always some problem to solve, 
which not only makes his calling interesting, but the experience often 
enables him to master other difficulties as they arise. Many of us miss 
the happy re-union of friends at the different Shows, which have had to be 
abandoned during these abnormal times, but let us hope that before 
another year comes round we shall be able to enjoy them more fully under 
that great and glorious blessing, Peace. 

+> 0 

SARCOPODIUM Lyonu.—At the R.H.S. meeting held on June 5th a 
Cultural Commendation was awarded to a very fine specimen of the plant 
known in gardens as Dendrobium acuminatum, bearing six pendulous 
racemes of rose-purple flowers. In a record of the award (Gard. Chron., 
I9I7, li. p. 237), it is remarked: “ The species, which is also known as D. 
Lyonii, is a native of Manila, and probably identical with the Bornean D. 
Treacherianum.” The note includes three distinct plants. Dendrobium 
acuminatum was described in 1905 (Rolfe in Ames Orchid, i. p. 86), from 
dried specimens collected on Mt. Mariveles, in the province of Bataan, by 
Whitford, the flowers being stated as white and yellow. It was shortly 
afterwards figured (4 mes Orchid, ii. t. 17). Two years later what was 
supposed to be the same species was figured from a native specimen 
collected in the same province by Mr. W. S. Lyon (Gard. Chroi., 1y07, il. 
p. 210, fig. 88), and the flowers were stated to be deep peach pink, darker 
towards the base, and the lip rich velvety wine-red. In August, 1g09, Mr. 
Lyon’s plant flowered with Mr. J. W. Moore, Bradford, and was awarded 
a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. (O.R., xvii. p. 280). A coloure 1 
figure also appeared (Orchis, ii. p. 73, t. 16), and it was then discovered that 
Mr. Lyon’s plant was not the original D. acuminatum, but an allied species, 
which was shortly afterwards described as D. Lyonii, Ames (Orchid, ui. 
P- 73, t. 177). The confusion was pointed out in 1910 (0.K., XVili. 239), 
when the distinctness of Lindley’s genus Sarcopodium were discussed. 
This purple-flowered species is now known as Sarcopodium Lyonii, Rolfe. 
D. Treacherianum was described and figured in 1881 (Rchb. f. MS5., Bot. 
Mag., t. 6591). It was imported by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, 
and was named in compliment to W. H. Treacher Esq., Colonial Secretary, 
Labuan. It has erect, few-flowered racemes of lilac-purple flowers. It is 
now known as Sarcopodium Treacherianum, Rolfe. 5, acuminatum does — 
Not appear to have been introduced to cultivation, but there 1s a closely 
allied Philippine plant, S. stella-silva (Loher & Kranzl., in Fedde Rep. Nov. 
Shy, vii. Pp. 40), which we have not seen. It has white flowers, with some 
Putple stripes on the lip, and a yellow crest. —R.A.R. 


160 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JULY, 19176 


ees COCKROACHES. Rae 


T p. 152 is given an illustration of Cycnoches Egertonianum from Mr. 
James Bateman’s classical work, The Orchidacee of Mexico and 
Guatemala. The text of this work was embellished by a number of tail- 
pieces, more or less appropriate—often depicting scenes and objects from 
the native countries of the Orchids illustrated—and for two of these the aid 
of that humourous artist, the late George Cruikshank was invoked. One 
of them is here reproduced, accompanied by Mr. Bateman’s quaint 


pS? wt 
= ah 


Fig. 21. A STIRRING SCENE, DEPICTED BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. 


description of the incident. He remarks: “Those who have ever received 
a case of Orchidacez from the Tropics, know full well that the opening of 
it is attended with the most intense and feverish excitement: and those 
who have not been so fortunate, will be glad to gather some notion of such 
stirring scenes from the accompanying Vignette, which, it is needless to say; 
is from the inimitable pencil of Cruikshank. If we read aright the address 
on that box, the cargo belongs to one of the most staunch and scientific 
collectors of his day, and we, therefore, only the more deeply deplore the 
calamity with which, it is but too clear, his importation has been visited. 
The conduct of his people is, however, beyond all praise; and we 
earnestly pray that their gallant exertions may be crowned with triumphant 
success. It is indeed a cruel thing to expect Epiphytes, and receive only 


Juiy, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 161 


Cockroaches ; to see the very case which ought to have been richly stored 
with Orchidacea prove, upon opening, to contain nothing more than 


‘Lucifugis congesta cubilia d/atzi's / /’ 
VIRGIL. 


curramus precipites, et 


mee nae in ripa, calcemus Czesaris hostem.’ 
JUVENAL.” 


| SOCIETIES. \& 


RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting of the Society was held at the London 
Scottish Drill Hall, on June 5th, when there was a moderate display 
of Orchids, the awards consisting of three Medals, two Awards of Merit, 
and one Cultural Commendation. 

Orchid Committee present :—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia 
Ralli, C. H. Curtis, Walter Cobb, J. Charlesworth, T. Armstrong, R. 
Brooman White, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, R. G. Thwaites, and R. A. 
Rolfe. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM THE GRANGE VAR.—A particularly fine variety, 
having very broad petals and lip, with numerous minute purple dots on the 
lower part of the segments. An exceedingly well-grown plant, exhibited 
by Phillip Smith, Esq., Manor House, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. 
Thompson). 

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA VAR. SIR MERVYN BULLER (vy. memoria G. D. 
Owen X v. Leopoldii).—A very large and handsome form, the flowers 
being bright rose, and the very broad lip bearing a solid claret-purple mask 
at the base, with short rays in front, and on the basal angles, and broad 
lines of the same colour at the base of the lateral sepals. Exhibited by 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 

DENDROBIUM ACUMINATUM.—To Mr. J. Collier, gardener to Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, for a splendidly-grown specimen, 
bearing six long pendulous spikes of rose-coloured flowers, with the segments 
darker at the base, and producing a fine effect. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. J. Collier), 
sent a plant of the pretty little Saccolabium ampullaceum, with erect 
spikes of deep rose-purple flowers ; also forms of Thunia, and one or two 
other interesting things. 


162 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1917. 


Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Cresswell), sent 
well-grown plants of Leliocattleya Aphrodite Bryndir var., white with the 
front of the lip dark purple, and Lc. luminosa Bryndir var., a finely 
coloured form. 

R. Brooman White, Esq., Arddarroch, Garelochead, showed cut blooms 
of several fine forms of Odontoglossum crispum of the older types, and of a 

few hybrids raised in the collection ; a very interesting series. 


Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Silver 


Flora Medal for a fine group, including several hybrid Miltonias, Odontioda ; 


General Haig Orchidhurst var., with a spike of nineteen flowers, finely 
spotted with Indian red and margined with rose, O. Joan Orchidhurst var., 
reddish claret with deep rose mottling on the lip, the brilliant scarlet 
Odontioda Chantecleer Orchidhurst var., some good white Cattleyas, 


Odontoglossum Epicasta magnificum, O. Menier var. St. Vincent, and — 


other interesting things. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, received a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a good group, in which forms of Cattleya Mossiz and Mendelii were 
conspicuous, with some good Leliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, and other 
interesting things. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were also awarded a Silver 


Banksian Medal for an interesting group, containing some good Lelio — 
cattleya Fascinator, with several other showy species of the season, and 4 — 


few rare botanical Orchids. 


At the meeting held on June rgth there was a fine display of Orchids, — 
the awards consisting of one Gold and three other medals, two Awards of 


Merit, and two Preliminary Commendations. 


Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chait), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, J. Wilson Potter, 
R. A. Rolfe, Pantia Ralli, E. R. Ashton, J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, — 


C. H. Curtis, Walter Cobb, C. J. Lucas, and R. Brooman White. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 


MILTONIA PrincEss-Mary (Hyeana x Bleuana).—A fine thing, bearing 
a spike of seven blush-white flowers, with a pale lilac area at the base of the - 
petals, and the broad lip having a large purplish rose mask at the bas 
from which extend a number of thin radiating lines. Exhibited by Messrs. 


Armstrong & Brown. 


ODONTIODA THE PRINCE (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Ernestii)-A ‘ 


large and attractive hybrid, the flowers being of good shape, and the colout 


light lilac-purple, with some red-brown blotching in front of the yellow 
West 


crest of the lip. Exhibited by G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, 
Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden). 


JuLy, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. 

MILTonIA FarrRY-QUEEN (Princess-Mary X vexillaria memoria G. D. 
Owen).—A very promising seedling, bearing a single flower of excellent 
shape, and the colour white, with a very large, triangular, ruby-purple 
mask at the base of the lip, this being somewhat paler and broken up into 
short radiating limes in front. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

OprontToctLossum FELicity (Olympia X armainvillierense).—A promising 
seedling, the flower being of excellent shape, and the colour white, with a 
cluster of red-brown blotches in the middle of the sepals and inal 
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. iH: Redden), 
sent the handsome Odontioda Aurora, copiously blotched with red on a 
whitish yellow ground, and the margins of the sepals and petals lilac-rose. 

H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne Park, Cheltenham, showed several 
interesting cut blooms, including two Leliocattleyas, Cypripedium Regine, 
Orchis foliosa and O. latifolia, Bletia Shepherdii, Thunia Marshalliana, 
and a few Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a brilliant group 
of splendidly-grown plants, to which a Williams Gold Medal was awarded. 
The leading feature was a fine series of Miltonia Charlesworthii, M. 
vexillaria var. Lyoth, and other derivatives of M. vexillaria memoria G. D. 
Owen, these bearing over 300 spikes, and we noted also fine examples of 
Odontioda Brewii, Madeline, Bradshawize, Cooksoniz, and others, a lot of 
blotched Odontoglossums, O. harvengtense aureum (triumphans aureum X 
crispum xanthotes) having light yellow flowers, blotched with darker 
yellow, but without the usual brown markings, O. eximium xanthotes, O. 
Othello, Leeliocattleya Aphrodite, Rudolph, and Ulyssess, Cattleya 
Warscewiczii with spikes of five and six flowers, Lelia tenebrosa Walton 
Grange var., and L. purpurata Latona, which latter proves to be the albino 
of L. lobata (see p. 155), the whole forming a very attractive display. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a choice group, in which Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas were prominent, the former including O. Uroskinneri with two 
spikes, with examples of O. armainvillierense, eximillus, a well-blotched O. 
Pescatorei, Mauretania, and others, and the latter some good O. Henryi, 
Lutetia, Cooksoniz, heatonensis, &c. We also noted Cypripedium 
Maudiz and C. Holdenii, Cattleya Saturn alba, and a few other interesting 
things. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a showy group, containing forms of Miltonia vexillaria, 
Cattleya Wa rscewiczii, Renanthera Imschootiana, Lzliocattleya Vesuvius, 


164 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1917. 


var. Aurora (Veronique X Haroldiana) with coppery rose sepals and petals 
and a claret-purple lip, Lelia tenebrosa, Sophrocatlelia Orpetiana, the 
rare Oncidium maizzfolium, and others. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, also received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group, including Leliocattleya Gottoiana Imperator, a 
brilliant form bearing two spikes of flowers, Lc. General Pershing, a fine 
white Hower with the front of the lip deep purple, Lc. Arras (C. Mossiz X 
Le, Aphrodite), a promising hybrid, Lc. Canhamiana Rex with three 
spikes of flowers, Lc. Martinetii, Lc. Aphrodite Rex, two Cymbidium 
Veitchii var. primulinum, the pretty little Epidendrum organense, Brassia 
verrucosa, and a few others. 

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 7th, 
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the 
chair), Messrs. D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, J. Cypher, 
A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, A. 
Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, H. J. McNab, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, 
and H. Arthur (Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Miltonia Charlesworthii var. Conyngham, a large flower, 3} inches 
across, and M. Isabel-Sander, flushed heliotrope, with a mask of oriental 
purple; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Mossiz Reineckeana var. Ashworthiz, a good form, with white 
sepals and petals, and a lip of brilliant colour; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium niveum var. Dorothy Clare, a very fine white flower ; from 
the Rev. J. Crombleholme. 

Cattleya Mossiz var. Barlac Snowdrop, a large flower of igen shape 
and colour ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Leliocattleya Domos superba (C. one x Le. Dominiana), a well-set 
flower, with lip of brilliant colour and nearly three inches across; from 
P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Phoebe splendens (cirrhosum x crispum), a large, well- 
set flower, with richly-coloured spots ; from Messrs. J. & A. McBean. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cattleya Mossiz Madge and Odontoglossum Pescatorei grande ; from 
P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Minos (harvengtense X Lambeauianum), and Cattleya 
Mossiz Lord Kitchener ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum eximium Conqueror ; from J. J. Bolton, Esq 


Miltonia Lyoth var. Conyngham (chelseiensis x G. D. Owen) ; from 
Dr. Craven Moore. 


Juty, 1917 | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165 


Leliocattleya Aphrodite var. Lily Cowan; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 
FirsST-cLaASs AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Cattleya Mossiz Mrs. R. Ashworth ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 
Odontoglossum Modus (Dora X Rolfez); from Dr. Craven Moore. 
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 

To Mr. S. Davenport, for a fine specimen of Cattleya Mendelii. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newckurch 
(gr. Mr. S. Davenport), for a choice group of Cattleyas and Odontoglossums, 
with Miltonia Hyeana Ashlands var., M. Charlesworthii, M. vexillaria, 
G. D. Owen, and a few others. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Chelten- 
ham, for a very fine group of Cattleyas and Lzeliocattleyas, with examples 
of Miltonia vexillaria, Leptotes bicolor, Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, 
Oncidium Marshallianum, and other good things. 

Silver Medals were awarded to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le- 
Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall), and to Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans 
the former for a group of Cypripediums, including a number of home-raised 
seedlings, and the latter for a good general group, in which Leliocattleyas 
were conspicuous, and Cattleya Charm was a very interesting hybrid from 
C. Percivaliana and C. Dusseldorfii Undine. 

A number of interesting exhibits were also sent by Dr. Craven Moore, 
Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- 
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson); 5. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. 
Mr. Jemmison); O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers); J. J. 
Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law); Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., 
Haywards Heath; Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate; Messrs. Keeling 
& Sons, Bradford, and Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, several of 
which appear in the above list of Awards. 

SARCOCHILUS MINUTIFLOS, BaILey.—A plant of the curious little 
Queensland Sarcochilus minutiflos, received from the late Mr. F. Manson 
Bailey, Colonial Botanist, Queensland, is now flowering at Kew. The 
species was discovered at Ejidsvold, Queensland in December, 1913, and 
was shortly afterwards described and figured (Bailey, Comp. Cat. Queensl. 
Pl., pp. 446, 447, fig. 974). It is nearly allied to S. Hillu, F. Muell., and 
grows in dense tufts of three to four inches high. The leaves are very 
narrow, and the slender spikes bear numerous small blush-white flowers, 
with a deep orange crest to the lip, and some purple stripes on the side 
lobes, while the front lobe is reduced to a globular mass of small white 
hairs. It is a very interesting little plant. Two other Australian species 
of Sarcochilus that have also recently flowered at Kew are S. Hartmannii 


and S. Fitzgeraldii—R.A.R. 


166 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {JuLy, 1917. 


foc ia 


PIDENDRUM ciliare is the commonest and most widely distributed 
Orchid in Costa Rica with any pretension to beauty, growing from 

near sea level up to 4000 feet at least, its zone of greatest abundance being 
2500 feet, at which elevation large clumps grow on Gliricidia maculata or 
Erythrina. Though it seems to have preference for these hosts, it is a 
most adaptable plant, and will thrive on old piled stone walls, though with 
less luxuriance than on an arboreal support. On the Atlantic slope it 
blooms in February and March, and its flowers, pure white at first, 
changing to yellowish with age, are deliciously fragrant. Those on old 
stone walls by the roadside near Santiago synchronise with those of E. 
radicans, but I have never seen a hybrid between them, and though for 
several years crosses have been made each way no successful result seems 
to have occurred. I have frequently fertilised E. ciliare with many species 
of Cattleya, and have sown the resultant seeds on fence trees in our 
immediate vicinity, and I hope that some day other hands may reap the 
benefit of the experiments. 

In the days when Cattleya Dowiana was scarcer and much sought after, 
E. ciliare was often mixed with the genuine plant, and when in poor 
condition, with monophyllous bulbs, it bears a faint resemblance to the 
famous Cattleya, and has probably disappointed many an incautious buyer. 
It has been known to aspire to even higher rank, being palmed off as the 
Guaria blanca (C. Skinneri alba), though in this case the resemblance 
between the plants helps the fraud. C. H. LANCASTER. 

Cachi, Costa Rica. 

[Mr. Lancaster sends a photograph of the plant growing artificially 
on the trunk of Croton gossypifolium, which he remarks is not at all a 
sympathetic host to Orchids. It shows a large number of flowers, but 
owing to the mass of surrounding vegetation we fear that it would not 
reproduce well.] 


es EPIDENDRUM CILIARE IN COSTA RICA. BS) 


SEEDS OF CYMBIDIUM TRACYANUM.—At page 144 a note appeared of an 
interesting experiment by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. to ascertain the 
number of seeds in a capsule of Cymbidium Tracyanum, and a rough 
estimate of over 850,000 was arrived at. After the note was written Mrt- 
L. A. Boodle, of the Jodrell Laboratory, kindly undertook to make an 
estimate, and he arrived at a total of rather over 1,561,000. The method 
adopted was to count 2,000 seeds under the microscope and then weigh 
them. The weight, when dry, was .oo81 gramme, and this multiplied by 


JuLy, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167 


the total weight of seeds gave the number last mentioned, It does not 
include, however, a small quantity of seeds which were retained for other 
parpores: and may still be regarded as an under estimate. The apparent 
discrepancy is partly due to the difficulty of isolating and counting such 
minute seeds, and an assistant who did this intentionally omitted some in 
counting so that any error should be on the right side. Further, on opening 
the capsule fully we found that a considerable number of seeds had not 
been shaken out, so were omitted from the earlier estimate. The number 
approximately equals that found by Mueller in a capsule of Maxillaria in 
South Brazil, but is far below the estimate of Dr. Scott in the case of a 
native capsule of Cycnoches chlorochilon received from Messrs. Hugh Low 
& Co., which was nearly four millions (O.R., xvii. p. 168).—R.A.R. 


A PLANT of Arachnanthe Lowii at Kew collection is showing two good 

spikes, and will be an interesting object when the flowers are expanded, 
as the different colour of the basal flowers always excite remark. It would 
be interesting to know by what insect this remarkable Bornean Orchid is 
fertilised in a wild state. The plant of Vanilla Pompona growing on the 
roof of one of the Warm houses is now carrying several seed pods, as a 
result of artificial fertilisation. Its thick fleshy fruits are used in a fresh 
state for flavouring purposes, but are said to be difficult to dry, and hence 
have not the economic value of those of the well-known V. planifolia. 
Many other interesting Orchids have bloomed recently, and among them a 
fine plant of Bulbophyllum virescens, with a succession of six or seven 
umbels of its striking flowers, and a plant of Vanda Charlesworthii, a rare 
and handsome natural hybrid from V. coerulea and V. Bensonii, has borne 


a seven-flowered spike. 


| i ORCHIDS AT KEW. 


A SLUG DESTRUCTIVE TO ORcHIDS.—In a greenhouse at Boulder, 
Colorado, devoted principally to the growing of tropical plants, 
numerous slugs are said to have recently appeared, and have proved 
exceedingly destructive to the plants. The case is recorded by Mr. T. D. A. 
Cockerell (Nautilus, xxx. p. 120), who remarks: ‘‘I have before me a 
Cattleya flower absolutely ruined by them. There is every reason to 
believe that the slugs came with a consignment of Orchids from Denver, 
but how they reached Colorado is unknown.” The slug has been identified 
as Limax arboreum var. subrufa, a form common in Belgium, and it is 
suggested that it may have reached America with garden plants from that 


country. 


168 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy, 1917. 


3 


HREE meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 

London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, West ter, during 

July, on the 3rd, 17th, and 31st. The Orchid Committee now meets at 
11.45 a.m. 


ee ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold a 
meeting at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 5th, after which it 
will adjourn for the summer holidays until September 6th, when the 
meetings will be resumed. The Committee meets at noon, and the 
exhibits are open to inspection from I to 4 p.m. 


We learn from the Gardeners’ Chronicle that during a severe thunder- 
storm which took place near Liverpool on Sunday, June 17th, a lot of glass 
was broken by hail in the house of the Liverpool Orchid Company, Gate- 
acre, while in two other establishments between 400 and 600 squares of 
glass were broken. The storm lasted from 15 to 20 minutes, during which 
time extensive damage was done to trees, plants, and greenhouses. 


On the preceding and following days there were violent storms in the 
Thames Valley, accompanied by hail and a deluge of rain, and on the 
second occasion much damage was done to growing crops by hailstones, 
though we have not heard that glass was broken. 


It is with much regret that we hear of the death, by drowning, on May 
4th, of Mr. Lionel Crawshay, son of Mr. de Barri Crawshay, Rosefield, 
Sevenoaks. Mr. Crawshay was proceeding to Egypt with a detachment, to 
take up a commission, when the vessel was torpedoed in the Mediterranean. 
His name is commemorated in Odontoglossum  triumphans Lionel 
Crawshay, one of the finest forms of the species that has yet appeared. 


Ray ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. [R@@A)_ 


[Orchids ave named and questions answered he. ts a 
yo bd to ies dace bs ntry or parentage of pinates a te ke Nees Fission pr 
ly by post is desired (abroad, al t ae 
interest will be dealt with in pinay ob of the ge cars ates Me wed). eccedy ok 


T.I.—1. Possibly a form of Sypnoetnt Berkele 

vanes palaistete x Boxallii), but not 
B Shani. of which th entage is somewhat : 2. A form or reversion of 
of the innumerable joviae oL 6. Andersonianu 0. cre 
e Epidendrum ee as n belong? 
not find a record of the hybrid men 


 g ers.—We regret that We h d 
a ave not yet b umes an 
binding cases, eae 10 shortage of material yet been ae to obtain the vol 


o the same set. Wedo 


eg GS 


c, ~The Orebid Review & 
Ze VOL. XXV. AucusT, 1917. No. 296. a 


~ 
Ss) 
sn 


HE abnormal conditions of the time and the curtailed railway facilities 
have led to a greatly reduced number of exhibits at our R.H.S. 
meetings, but there is plenty of evidence of the steady progress of 
hybridisation. The exhibits of late have consisted very largely of hybrid 
seedlings, and it is interesting to note the efforts that are being made to. 
secure improved shape and substance in the flowers. Colour and floriferous- 
ness were not wanting among the older hybrids, among which those of Lelia 
purpurata may be mentioned as examples, but there was room for improve- 
ment in shape and substance, and this is gradually being effected by 
recrossing them with others of better shape, in which the qualities of colour 
and size were somewhat lacking. The result is seen in the increased 
number of secondary hybrids that are continually reaching the flowering 
stage, and the opportunity it affords for further selection. 


OUR NOTE BOOK. 


Selection is the most potent weapon in the hands of the Orchid. 
breeder, and if applied intelligently can hardly fail to yield good results. 
The days are gone by for promiscuous crossing just to see what will 
happen. The possibilities of every proposed cross should be carefully 
considered beforehand, especially in connection with results previously 
obtained, for the experiments that have already been made are sufficiently 
numerous in most groups to serve as a guide to what may be expected. 
And there are a few general principles that may always be applied, the 
chief of them being always to work with some detinite object in view. In 
a general way, the crossing of extremes should be avoided, especially such 
extremes as the crossing of dark and light forms together, though this is 
not always possible when some other special result is aimed at. 


A particularly difficult problem is how to combine successfully the 
diverse qualities found in different parents, for these are usually accom- 
panied by other characters that are not wanted, and the chances are 
always even that the undesirable qualities may be perpetuated in the 
offspring. In the latter case the attempt had better be abandoned, though. 

169 


170 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucusr, 1917. 


-partial success would justify further experiments. Desirable improvements 
are seldom achieved at the first attempt. 


A few lines of experiment are being followed up systematically, the chief 
of them being with such outstanding species as Brassavola Digbyana, 
Cattleya Dowiana, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Odontoglossum crispum, and 
Sophronitis grandiflora, and here the limitations of the subject at once 
become apparent. The remarkable fringed lip of the Brassavola is 
combined with narrow sepals and petals of a very undecided colour, which 
is a source of weakness in the hybrids, and these, further, show a great 
reduction in the depth of the fringe, and the prospects of remedying this 
‘by recrossing with the Brassavola are so much outweighed by considera: 
‘tions of further loss in shape and colour that, so far as we know, the cross 
has never been attempted. In the case of Cattleya Dowiana the yellow 
-colour is invariably lost in crosses with a purple species, and no amount of 
recrossing has yet led to its return. The golden veining on the lip, how- 
ever, is always more or less present, though in greatly reduced amount. 
‘Things seldom work out just as we desire them, but it would be something 
-of an achievement to combine the remarkable fringe of the Brassavola with 
the colour of the Cattleya. 


Similar considerations apply to the case of Cochlioda Neetzliana and 
-Odontoglossum crispum, the blending of character seen in Odontioda | 
Bradshawiz persisting to a great extent in subsequent crosses. The 
desired “ scarlet crispum” will doubtless be achieved in time, but at the 
cost of continued experiment and judicious selection of parents. It is ts 
surest, and probably the only road to success. With Sophronitis 
grandiflora, too, many notable results have been achieved, but the 
scarlet Cattleya is still a desideratum. 


In the case of Lelia purpurata, previously mentioned, it was probably 
its vigour and floriferousness, together with the possibility of combining 
these qualities with the size and colour of the labiate Cattleyas, that led to 
its being so much used in the early experiments, and similar considerations 
would apply to the allied L. tenebrosa, which came into the field at a later 
-date. Lelia cinnabarina, again, has been much used for its brilliant 
-colour, and L. pumila for its dwarf habit and excellent shape, and the 
primary hybrids thus obtained have been further crossed with the best of 
‘the large-flowered Cattleyas, giving a succession of brilliant novelties which 
now appear so regularly at our horticultural meetings. And there is still 
an almost limitless field for improvement when happier times return. 


The clearing up of some old confusion usually involves an interesting 
-correspondence, and this time we have received several communications, 


Aucust, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 178 


one of them from an old Orchid importer who has not improbably suffered 
in the past from erroneous records. At all events he expresses satisfaction 
in seeing some of the confusions cleared up. It has not always been the 
case, especially if some unavoidable change of name has been involved, and 
we have never forgotten a criticism by one who is no longer interested in 
Orchidology that ‘‘such mistakes should never be found out.” And it was 
enquired how it came about that so many such mistakes were made. 


The reasons, we fear, were many and various, and perhaps it may be 
enough to say that the authors did the best with the time and materials at 
their disposal. It requires a little inside knowledge to appreciate the 
difficulties involved in finding the correct name of some scrap of an Orchid 
that may be sent for naming. Imperfect descriptions or those made from 
undeveloped or abnormal materials, and these often scattered through a 
multitude of books and pamphlets, drawings with erroneous details, and the 
absence of authentic specimens are responsible for many mistakes, and 
some typical examples may be seen in the present issue. 


A novelty in Orchids appears to have been discovered, a rival of the 
celebrated ‘‘ Corona Keffordii,’’ and of the Scarlet Butterfly Orchid which 
our readers will doubtless remember became extinct as the result of a most 
lamentable tragedy. In a tale entitled ‘‘ Below Zero,” in the Windsor 
Magazine for July, Mr. Fred. M. White introduces us to “ the priceless 
Gynandria Monogynia,” the gem of Lord Rayburn’s magnificent collection. 
It is said to be ‘6a marsh Orchid from South Africa, and the only one of its 
kind yet discovered.” ‘‘I prefer them,” said his Lordship, “to the 
epiphytes, exquisite as they are: and that, of course, is a cypripedium.” It 
appears to have “a long spike of bloom that shot upwards a foot or more 
in height in a series of shaded mauve blossoms with centres and cups of 
virgin gold: the exquisite mass clung to the stem and trembled like a cloud 
of butterflies.” A Cypripedium from South Africa would indeed be a 
novelty, and with such colours! We regret that we have not yet made its 


acquaintance. 


ODONTOGLOsSUM PESCATOREI VAR. SHORTII.—A distinct and pretty 
form of Odontoglossum Pescatorei is sent from the collection of Geo. 
Short, Esq., of Wallasey, Cheshire. It was raised from an ordinary O. 
Pescatorei fertilised with pollen from the richly-blotched O. P. Veitch- 
ianum, the cross being made in 1g12, and there are five other seedlings 
still to flower. It is quite typical in shape, and has a few light violet spots 
on the centre of the petals, and about twice as many on the sepals, with a 
pair of larger blotches on the lip. The plant is in a three-inch pot, and 
carries a five-flowered spike, so that it should improve considerably. 


172 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Avcust, 1917, 


ES VANDA HASTIFERA. s&s 


N interesting lost species has reappeared in cultivation, namely, Vanda 
| hastifera, Rchb. f., of which a living plant has been sent from 
Singapore to Kew, where it is now showing for flower. The species was 
originally described in 1877 (Linnea., xli. p- 30), from a plant which 
flowered with M. J. Linden at Brussels, and which is said to have been 
there labelled Vanda lamellata. No clue to the habitat was given. Some 
six years later Reichenbach published another note (Gard. Chron., 1883, 
ii. p. 566), remarking : “It was in 1872 that I saw a single plant of this—a 
remarkably tall specimen—at Director Linden’s. It had a lax raceme of 
flowers, which surpassed those of Vanda Boxallii, though they were not 
equal to those of V. tricolor.” He then described the characters of the 
plant, stating that the sepals and petals were light yellow with fine red 
blotches, and the front lobe of the lip hastate, and covered with hairs at 
the base, finally adding: “I never again saw a vestige of the plant till 
quite lately, when, after an interval of more than a decennium, Mr. F. 
Sander sent me well dried flowers and a good sketch in colours, all 
prepared in the Sondaic Archipelago by his zealous and intelligent 
traveller, Mr. Foerstermann. I learn that a small set of living plants is 
likely to come under the hammer, and we may hope to become better 
acquainted with this plant, the “ Banganayer ” (water twig) of the Malays, 
as I was told by the excellent collector.” 

The first clue to the habitat of the plant came in 1897, when Messrs. 
James Veitch & Sons sent to Kew a single flower of a Vanda, labelled 
“‘ Borneo, Curtis, 1880,” which from description I thought might be the 
same plant, and in December, 1911, a fine set of photographs were sent 
from British North Borneo, by Mr. H. M. Woolley, from the State Rubber 
Plantations, Jesselton, which obviously represented Curtis’ plant. It is 
_ also the Renanthera trichoglottis, Ridl. (Journ. Linn. Soc., xxx. p. 293)» 
collected on limestone rocks, Sarawak, by Mr. Haviland, for there is @ 
specimen at Kew, collected at Kuching, Borneo, in October, 1908, by 
Hewitt, which is authenticated by Mr. Ridley. The author compares the 
plant with various allied genera, his remarks tending to show that the 
structure is somewhat anomalous, though after comparing the dried flower 
and the photograph we think that Reichenbach was right in referring the 
plant to Vanda. The re-appearance of the species in cultivation after $0 
long an interval. js interesting. 

There are several other Malayan Vandas which are still very imperfectly 
known. R.A.R. 


AucusT, 1917 } THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173 


Casey Taitey 
Cot RASS 


CYMBIDIUM of the C. alovifolium group has been sent for determin- 
ation from the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside» 
Leigh Woods, Bristol. Formerly it would have been referred to C. 
aloifolium or C. pendulum, but both have been the subject of an almost 
hopeless confusion, involving several other names, so that the opportunity 
has been taken of comparing all the materials available. The initial 
difficulty lies in the fact that both the species mentioned were originally 
based on old figures, and that the names have been subsequently applied to 
different plants, as will now be seen. 

C. ALOIFOLIUM, Swartz (Nov. Act. Upsal., vi. p. 73), was based on 
Epidendrum aloifolium, L. (Sp. Pl., ed. i. p. 953), itself founded on the old 
figure, Kansjiram Maravara (Rheede Hort. Malabar, xii. p. 17, t. 8). Of 
this no original specimen is known, but there is one in Rottler’s Herbarium 
{now at Kew) which is labelled as identical, and which has all the 
characters of Rheede’s plant, and with that afterwards figured as C. 
aloifolium, Wight (Ic. Pl. Ind. or., t. 1687), a species collected at the foot 
of the Neilgherry Hills, S. India, and of which the original is preserved at 
Kew. C. erectum, Wight (l.c., t. 1753), from the Iyamally Hills, is 
probably a form of the same, as is clearly Aérides Borassi, Buchanan (Kees 
Cyclop., xxxix. n. 8), collected in Mysore. The species is South Indian, and 
there are also specimens from Madras, collected by Thompson, S. Concan, 
by Dalzell, N. Kanara and the adjacent Portuguese territory, by Richie, 
and Ceylon, by Thwaites and Mrs. Walker. These, with the exception of 
Rheede’s Malabar plant, are included under C. bicolor, Lindl., in the Flora 
of British India, while the name C. aloifolium is applied to a second species, 
including also C. pendulum. We find no evidence that the true Cy 
aloifolium, in which the front lobe of the lip is relatively long, narrow, and 
acute, has ever been in cultivation. 

C. Bicotor, Lindl. (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 164), was based on a Ceylon 
plant collected by Macrae, but Lindley wrongly included the Javan C. 
aloifolium, Blume (not Swartz) as a synonym. The species has since been 
collected by Thwaites and Mrs. Walker, and there are good drawings at 
Kew, also dried garden specimens, but we find no published figure, nor any 
evidence that it occurs outside Ceylon. The sepals and petals are light 
yellow, with a dark purple line down the centre, and the front and side 
lobes of the lip, also the column, dark purple. Itis easily distinguished 
from C. aloifolium by the relatively much shorter, broad, obtuse front lobe 
of the lip. 


CYMBIDIUM ALOIFOLIUM AND ITS ALLIES. 


174 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGusT, 1917. 


C. PENDULUM, Swartz (Nov. Act. Ups., vi. p. 73) was based on 
Epidendrum pendulum, Roxb. (Corom. Pl., i. p. 35, t. 44), said to bea 
native of the Circar Hills, in the Central Provinces of India. Swartz 
remarks that it is closely allied to C. aloifolium, but is distinguished by the 
pendulous, not erect spikes, while Lindley added that the keels of the lip 
were continuous, not interrupted and arcuate as in C. aloifolium. Lindley 
(Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 165) included as synonymous C. crassifolium, Wall. 
(Cat., n. 7357), a species based on materials collected in E. Sylhet by F. de 
Silva, and further suggested that the Javan C. pendulum, Blume, might 
be identical, but this is clearly the Malayan C. Finlaysonianum. We 
have not seen a dried specimen of Roxburgh’s Circar plant, but there is an 
old specimen in Herb. Hooker, localised Assam Plains (collector unknown), 
which is apparently the same species. King & Pantling also figure C. 
pendulum from Sikkim (Orch. Sikkim., p. 188, t. 251), remarking that it 
occurs at the bottoms of tropical valleys and along the base of the range, 
and that the lip is continuously bilamellate, as originally described. The 
flowers are also darker than those figured by Roxburgh. King & Pantling 
include under C. pendulum the C. Mannii, Rchb. f. (Flora, 1872, p. 274); 
based on materials collected in Assam by Gustav Mann, and judging by 
the description (for we have not seen a specimen) the reference is correct. 
The range of the species outside Sikkim, however, must have been taken 
from another source. As thus restricted, we find no evidence that the 
species has been in cultivation. 

C. FINLAYsonIANUM, Lindl. (Wall. Cat., n. 7358; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 
Orch., p. 164), was based on materials collected by Finlayson, the locality 
being recorded as Bay of Turon, Cochin China. It is a common and 
widely diffused species, which also has been much confused. It is the C. 
aloifolium, Wall. (Cat., n. 7352), based on plants collected in Cochin China, 
by Finlayson, in Penang, by Porter, and at the River Attran, by Wallich. 
This, in turn, became the C. Wallichii, Lindl. (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 165)- 
The River Attran plant, however, is different, and must be excluded. 
It is also the C. pendulum, Blume, from Java, and the C. pendulum, 
Lindl. (Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 25), and var. brevilabre, Lindl. (J.c., 1842, to 24)» 
the latter from Singapore, and the C. tricolor, Mig. (Choix Pl., t..19). It 
is common in the Malay Peninsula, near the coast, and extends to 
Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, and the Philippines, where it has been collected 
in the islands of Luzon, Mindanao and Palawan. It is a much finer plant 
than those previously mentioned, and is readily distinguished by having 
flowers of about double the size. 

There still remains a common and widely diffused plant which has been 
variously included under the names C. aloifolium and C. pendulum. It 
was figured as early as 1797 in the Botanical Magazine (t. 387), under the 


Aucust, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175° 


name of Epidendrum aloides, L. (which is a slip for E. aloifolium, as the 
references show), from an Indian plant which flowered with Messrs. 
Grimwood and Wykes, Kensington. It is also the Cymbidium aloifolium,. 
Lodd. (Bot. Cab., t. 967), said to have been received about 1790 from 
China; the C. aloifolium of King and Pantling (Orch. Sikkim, p. 149, t. 252); 
and the C. pendulum of Cogniaux & Goossens (Duct. Ic. Orch., Cymb., t. 6). 
For this we have not succeeded in finding a specific name of its own, and 
therefore propose to distinguish it by that of :— 

C. simuLANs, Rolfe.—The species is well distinguished from C. 
pendulum, Roxb., by the interrupted, curved keels of the lip, and usually 
by the much broader leaves. The flowers are straw yellow, with a purple 
stripe down the sepals and petals, while the short, much reflexed, obtuse 
front lobe has several stripes, and there are others on the side lobes. King 
& Pantling remark that in Sikkim the two plants grow side by side, that 
they appear quite distinct, and that no intermediates are found. The 
species is found on the Khasia Hills, Assam, Chittagong, Burma (including 
Wallich’s River Attran plant), Siam, Tonkin, and in the Yunnan district 
of China, where, according to Morse, it is common at Lungchow and 
Szemao, at 4000 feet elevation. There is also a drawing at Kew labelled 
Hongkong, and said to have been found on hill sides in sheltered places by 
Gen. Eyre. It is also apparently the Javan plant figured by Blume, and: 
by J. J. Smith, as C. aloifolium (though we have not seen Javan specimens),. 
and according to the latter it extends also to Sumatra and Borneo, which 
gives the species 2 remarkably wide diffusion. The confusion with C. 
pendulum, Roxb., was not at first discovered, hence this is the plant whose: 
history has previously been given under the latter name (Veitch Man. Orch., 
ix. p. 21; O.R., Xxill. p. 252), 

There are additional species of what may be called the section Aloifoliz,. 
which have largely escaped the above confusion. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CORONARIUM VAR. FLAVUM.—This is a very striking 
variety of Odontoglossum coronarium which has again flowered in the 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, and which Sir Frederick W. Moore 
remarks is quite constant in character, hence the need for a distinguishing 
varietal name. The usual red-brown markings have vanished, but are 
represented by a shade of what may be termed light orange-brown, the 
prevailing colour of the flowers being thus deep golden yellow. As in 
other xanthic varieties of the red-brown Odontoglossums, the flowers have 
a very distinct and attractive appearance. An inflorescence was originally 
sent to Kew as long ago as August, 1897, which has retained its character 
in drying. It is the only variety of the kind that we remember to have met 
with.—R.A.R. 


476 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AUGUST, 1917. 


ms 


HE question as to whether Odontoglossum crispum Lehmannii may not 
be identical with the original O. crispum with a branched spike 
-described by Lindley, is raised by a correspondent, for the character is not, 
or very rarely, seen in the fine Pacho type. We believe the two are 
distinct, for it has been universally believed that O. crispum Lehmannii was 
a different local race, though very little was known about it until the 
Lehmann Herbarium became available. The locality of the original O. 
crispum is not in doubt. It was collected by Hartweg, in 1842, ‘‘ in woods 
between the villages of Zipaquira and Pacho,” and the fine specimen sent 
by him to Lindley, from which the species was originally described (Am. 
Nat. Hist., ser. 1, xv. p. 256), is preserved in the Herbarium of the latter. 
It is a very fine specimen, having an inflorescence about three feet high, 
with five side branches and an aggregate of about twenty-six flowers, with 
the characteristic shape and breadth of segments, and which were evidently 
white and unspotted. There is a note in the original description that the 
flowers were ‘‘ yellow with purple centres,” but this was taken from a 
Peruvian drawing by Matthews, which is preserved in Lindley’s Herbarium, 
and, though labelled “O. crispum,” has nothing whatever to do with 
Hartweg’s plant, though what species it represents has never been cleared 
up. It is recorded on Hartweg’s original ticket, by the collector himself, 
that “‘ the inflorescence is sometimes branched and sometimes not.” This 
should set at rest any doubts as to the locality and character of the original 
‘O. crispum. 


<7 : 
| ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM anb var. LEHMANNII. 


The illustration on the opposite page represents a fine plant of what we 
believe agrees with Lindley’s type, and was taken from a particularly well- 
grown specimen from the collection of Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, 
Dorking, which received a Cultural Commendation from the R.H.S. in 
March, 1896. The panicle bore nine side branches and an aggregate of 
sixty-five flowers, shown, of course, greatly reduced in size. 

O. crIsPpUM LEHMANNII was originally described by Reichenbach in 1880 
(Gard. Chron., 1880, i. p. 712), as follows: ‘‘ This is a rather curious plant, 
much smaller than the Bogotese one, rather narrow leaved, and with a 
distinct tendency to produce branched inflorescences as that herculanean 
plant does in Sir Trevor’s Orchid paradise. Mr. F. C. Lehmann, the 
successful discoverer of this variety, saw as many as fifty flowers in one 
panicle. There is usually purple and brown tint in the flowers.” The 
habitat was not stated. 

The history was afterwards given by Lehmann himself (Gard. Chrom, 
1883, il. p. 395), partly in reply to a suggestion (the reference to which is 


AucostT, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW 177 


not given), that the plant was a hybrid, and a summary of his remarks will 
be interesting. The suggestion was, ‘“‘the Odontoglot in question is 
evidently a cross .between O. Pescatorei and O. crispum,’ but this, he 
remarked, for various reasons, cannot be. For one reason the home of O. 
Pescatorei is in the north-eastern parts of Columbia, while O. crispum 
Lehmannii i3 a native of the southern parts of this country and the 


Fig. 22. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM WITH BRANCHED SPIKES. 


northern districts of Ecuador, the two plants being separated from each 
other by the wide range of over 300 miles—an occurrence quite unknown 
among the Odontoglossa. Although the colour of the flowers of O. crispum 
Lehmannii resembles that of O. crispum, 1 am of opinion that the 
Odontoglot in question is not a variety at all, but, on the contrary, a good 
species. Of this I felt sure when I first met with it in 1878, and after 
having made detailed studies of the entire plant in its natural habitat in 


178 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (AucustT, 1917. 


1880, I named it in a letter addressed to my excellent friend, Prof. H. G. 
Reichenbach, in his honour, as a mark of warm admiration, Odontoglossum 
Reichenbachianum. 

The characteristic features of the plant, which ERE sat me in this 
direction, were: the far smaller but tougher development of all the organs 
of the plant ; the branching out. of the flower-spikes ; the great profusion 
with which the flowers are produced (up to fifty-four on a spike were 
observed) ; the somewhat narrow but long perigone; and, par excellence, 
the large, rather broad, and always more or less panduriform labellum. 
The variations of colour, as well as form and size of the flowers, are just as 
great with this species as with O. crispum. Five such varieties were 
specially observed and prepared for the herbarium; these were evidently 
hybrids between O. crispum Lehmannii and O. atropurpureum, and proved 
at first sight so distinct in their general structures that I nearly felt 
inclined to consider them as species. 

Lehmann’s idea of the distinctness of this plant seems to have been 
subsequently abandoned, for the new name is not written upon _ his 
Herbarium tickets. In any case it can only be considered as a well-marked 
geographical form of O. crispum. 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST. 


By J: T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
Hessle, EB. Yorks 


HE continued bright summer weather has been to the liking of all 
Orchids which require a warm temperature, and it is remarkable the 
strides many plants have made; whilst plants grown in the cool division 
have also made good progress where proper methods as regards shading, 
&c., have heen taken. 

During the present month the general growing conditions should be 
maintained in each division, and considerable attention must be given to 
the ventilation, shading, watering, and damping down, which go to make 
the conditions of the different houses suitable and healthy for the different 
plants grown in them. The whole question of successful culture depends 
entirely on the way these simple details are carried out. Plants, like 
human beings, cannot thrive under unhealthy conditions, and cleanliness is 
as important in plant culture as it is to the individual. 

During the present month some plants will have completed theif 
growth, while others will be approaching that stage. Those plants which 
require a long rest should be removed to another house, where they may be 
gradually inured to a drier and lower temperature, and be subjected to 
more sunshine and light to ripen and consolidate their growths. Where 


Avucust, 1917.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 179 


this cannot be accomplished they may be arranged in batches and treated 
accordingly. 

DENDROBIUMs of the deciduous section must be examined towards the 
end of the month, and any that have completed their growth must be 
removed to cooler and drier quarters, but water must not be withheld, 
neither must they be placed in too low a temperature. . A temperature of 
about 60°, with plenty of light and air, will answer their requirements for a 
few weeks to come. It is folly to make fine growths on any plant and then 
rest it in a haphazard manner, for there is as much skill in resting a plant 
satisfactorily as there is in producing fine growth. Dendrobiums that are 
still growing freely must have liberal treatment, and every encouragement 
should be given to enable them to complete their growths as quickly as 
possible, no matter which section they belong to. The sooner, within 
reason, they complete their growths, the more time they have to 
consolidate them, which is so essential to their flowering satisfactorily. 

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA.—Plants of Miltonia vexillaria and its numerous 
hybrids now comprise a class of Orchids of much beauty and usefulness, 
and when grown in quantity go a long way towards keeping the house full 
of flowers for the greater part of the summer months. Those plants which 
flowered early in the season will now have commenced to grow actively, 
and those in need of fresh rooting material should receive attention as soon 
as the new growths attain a few inches in height, and are about to produce 
new roots. This month and early in September I consider the best time 
to repot the early summer flowering varieties. Whenever it is considered 
desirable to increase the stock of any scarce variety, the rhizome may be 
severed between the bulbs as soon as the flowers have faded, and the 
pseudobulbs will then quickly produce new growths, and when sufficiently 
strong may be potted up in small receptacles and treated like the other 
plants. The late-flowering varieties, such as Leopoldii, superba, and 
rubella, are best deferred until the spring before attempting any repotting, 
as if repotted as soon as they pass out of bloom they rarely re-establish 
themselves before the winter is upon us. 

MILToniAs, being surface rooters, are best grown in shallow receptacles, 
and will succeed in a compost made up of equal parts of peat, osmunda 
and Ar fibre, sphagnum moss, and clean, sifted, half-decayed oak leaves, all 
thoroughly mixed together. The plants should be potted moderately 
firmly, and water should be sparingly applied to them until the new roots 
have freely entered the new material. A moist position in the Inter- 
mediate house, where they can be shaded from the sun, will answer their 
requirements. Yellow thrip soon puts in an appearance on these plants if 
the situation is not to their liking. 

Cattveyas, Leliocattleyas, and their allies should still be potted and 


180 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGUST, 1917. 


attended to, as previously advised, whenever they get into the desired 
condition, and are in need of it. Each species, and its hybrids for the 
most part, has a proper season for this operation, and at the present time 
Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) is, perhaps, the best example of the routine 
adopted by myself. Having recently gone out of flower, it will be observed 
that new roots are pushing in quantity from the base of the newly-made 
pseudobulbs, and any that are in need of new material should have atten- 
tion before these roots attain any great length. These remarks also apply 
to any plants which have completed their season’s growth without 
producing flowers. The whole of the plants will be better for being placed 
in a cooler and drier position, exposed to more air and sunlight, and they 
should only receive water when they become dry. The newly-potted 
plants should be treated in precisely the same manner as those that are not 
jn need of it. These plants enjoy a long season of rest, but, under the 
treatment advised, will be rooting in the new compost right through the 
winter months, hence the necessity of keeping the pseudobulbs plump and 
the roots healthy. The idea that extreme drought is a means of making 
shy bloomers produce flowers is a fallacy. 

SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA may now be potted and treated as 4 
miniature Cattleya, except that it is best grown in the Cool house. 
Sophrocattleyas and other hybrids in which the Sophronitis is one parent, 
may be treated in precisely the same manner as advised for Cattleyas, but 
being, as a rule, small growers, should be grown in small receptacles, 
suspended from the roof of the Intermediate house. Each species and 
hybrid has its own individuality, and, in order to make the best of them, 
their little requirements must be closely studied. 

EpIPHRONITIS VEITCHII.—The plants at the present time are producing 
a number of aérial shoots from the flowering growths. Such growths 
should be taken from the parent plant and potted several together, when 
they will form nice little specimens. This, like its Sophronitis parent, 
is best grown in shallow pans, and delights in a fairly moist position neat 
the glass in the Cool house. It succeeds in the same compost as 
Sophronitis. 

EPIDENDRUM PRISMATOCARPUM, with other species of this large genus, 
succeeds under the same conditions as Cattleya, and the present is a good 
time to examine and repot any plants that are in need of new rooting 
material. They should be potted in the same manner as a Cattleya, and 4 
similar compost answers their requirements. They delight in a light 
position in the Intermediate house, and the usual caution as regards the 
application of water to the newly-potted plants must be observed. 

MAXILLaRIAs.—The present season is a good one to undertake the 
repotting of any species of this interesting genus that requires it. Those 


AuGUuST, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 18s 


which produce their flowers in a downward direction are best grown in 
shallow teak-wood baskets, but pots or shallow pans answer the require- 
ments of the others. A clean fibrous compost is suitable, and should be 
pressed quite firmly round the base of the plants. 

CALANTHES in full growth may now have liberal supplies of water, and 
those which have filled their pots with roots may receive occasional 
waterings with weak liquid manure, but care must be taken that this is not 
too strong, or much harm may accrue. These plants now need plenty of 
heat, light, moisture, and air, and should be elevated clos: to the glass. 
The late-flowering section must still be watered with discretion. 

COCHLIODA AND ITS HYBRIDS.—Plants of Cochlioda Neetzliana, with its 
many hybrids, may be repotted in the same manner, and in a similar 
compost to that used for Miltonia vexillaria, which I will call the general 
utility compost, as it answers the requirements of this class of Orchids 
generally. The different hybrids vary somewhat in their time of growth, 
and it is obvious that they are not all ready for repotting at one season, 
therefore they should be taken when they reach the desired condition 
namely, when the young growths have obtained some few inches in length, 
and are about to push new roots. These all thrive in a moist position in 
the Cool house. Oncidioda Cooksoniz succeeds under the same conditions, 
but is best grown in an ordinary flower pot upon the stages, as in the case . 
of Oncidium macranthum, the other parent. There is no special difficulty 
in the cultivation of this and similar plants. Their thin leaves are subject 
to attacks of thrip, especially if their quarters area little too dry or hot. 
Bad attacks of insect pests are attributable, in most cases, to faulry 
conditions of the atmosphere. 

GENERAL REMARKS.— Towards the end of the month steps must be 
taken towards placing the different plants in their winter quarters. The 
glass should be throughly cleaned to admit all the light possible during the 
dark days of winter. The roofs of the different houses should be made 
absolutely watertight, as drip may mean the loss of a valuable plant. The 
heating apparatus of the houses, also the boilers, should be examined, and 
any faults made good, so that when severe weather is upon us they are 
thoroughly efficient. The best results cannot be expected or attained from 
_ faulty materials, and anything within reason should be done to enable 
those who are entrusted with the charge of valuable plants to pass through 
the winter months without any undue anxiety. The usual routine of 
cleaning, potting, &c., will comprise the principal work for the month. It 
may be impossible, under the present conditions, to maintain everything as 
one would like, but essentials should not be neglected, so that when we 
once again reach those good old normal times we may look back witl 
satisfaction and reap the benefit of a duty nobly done. 


182 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | AUGUST, 191}. 


|) KoRKe 
hee MISTAKES IN ORCHIDOLOGY. Vee 


Concluded from page 154). 
MISTAKE of another kind is seen when an Orchid is described from 
A some erroneous locality, and this in some cases has led to the 
imposition of an incorrect name, as in the case of Zygopetalum africanum, 
Hook. (Bot. Mag., t. 3812). Sir William Hooker remarked: ‘I think 
there can be no question on the propriety of referring this plant to 
Zyyopetalum, the first of the genus that has been discovered inhabiting the 
Old World. It was ‘sent by Dr. Whitfield from Sierra Leone to the 
Woburn collection, whence Mr. Forbes has obligingly transmitted the 
present flowering specimen in December, 1839." Shortly afterwards 
Lindley pointed out that the plant was identical with Odontoglossum 
bictoniense (Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 66), and he added: ‘“ Most assuredly it 
never came from Sierra Leone. Those who have charge of imported plants 
ought to be very careful that they make no mistakes regarding so very 
important a subject.” The species was really introduced from Guatemala 
by Mr. G. Ure Skinner, and was originally described and figured by 
Bateman under the name of Cyrtochilum bictoniense (Orch. Mex. & Guat., 
t. 6), from materials grown in the collection of Lord Rolles, Bicton, near 
Exeter, in April, 1839, a circumstance commemorated in the specific name. 
It ultimately became Odontoglossum bictoniense, Lindl. 

A very curious confusion centres round the pretty little Odontoglossum 
nevium. When the plant was originally described and figured (Paxt. Ft. 
-Gard., i. p. 87, t. 18), Lindley remarked: ‘‘ The plant before us was sent to 
England several years since by Sir R. Schomburgk, and was exhibited by 
Mr. Loddiges at one of the spring meetings of the Horticultural Society 
in the present year.” (This would make the habitat British Guiana, which 
-was Clearly intended, for in the Folia Orchidacea he added, ‘‘ Wild in 
Demerara, Schomburgk,” which is erroneous). He also mentioned 4 
supposed variety which flowered with Messrs. Rollisson in June, 1847, and 
this was correctly named, as proved by a flower and a water-colour drawing 
preserved in his own Herbarium. But he also included a specimen 
collected by Funck & Schlim, at St. Lazaro and La Pena, in the province 
of Truxillo, Venezuela, said to have a yellow lip spotted with crimson, 
which, he remarks, ‘‘ appears to be the same species.”” This is a mistake, 
for the plant is a form of what he had already described as Odontoglossum 
odoratum. In the Folia Orchidacea Lindley added a variety majus, based 
-on a plant collected in the province of Pamplona, New Grenada, by Linden. 

‘This, again, is different, being O. gloriosum, Linden & Rchb. f. 


AUGUST, 1917.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 183 


The confusion just mentioned found an echo in several later works. In 
1860 O. nevium was figured in Pescatorea (t. 13), where we find the 
erroneous claim that the species was originally discovered by M. J. Linden 
in 1842. This, naturally, resulted from Lindley’s initial mistake about the 
Truxillo plant, which is repeated without question, and the remark that the 
species was afterwards met with by Schlim in the mountains near Santa 
Martha—probably the source of the plant figured—which might have 
afforded a real clue, seems to have passed almost unnoticed. An interesting 
light on the subsequent history of the species is given by Mr. Day, who 
figured it in April, 1881, from a plant purchased at Mr. Milner’s sale, in 
Edinburgh, in September, 1879 (Orch. Draw., xxix. t. 17). By this time 
the species had become rare, and Mr. Day remarked: “This is one of the 
first Orchids I ever bought—say, in 1859 or 1860. Veitch had a good 
stock of it, which they imported. . . . O. nevium has never been 
found again, though special expeditions have been made for it, and it has 
often been announced at sales, but has never proved true.’’ Many years 
later the species was rediscovered on the Sierra Nevada of Santa Martha, 
Venezuela, enabling the original confusion to be cleared up. 

The Madagascar Phaius tuberculosus has been the subject of a remark- 
able confusion, and its rectification a few years ago led to a good deal of 
feeling. The species was originally figured by Thouars in 1822, under the 
name of Limodorum tuberculosum (Orch. Iles. Afr., t. 31), which after- 
wards became Phaius tuberculosus, Blume. Over half-a-century later M. 
Leon Humblot introduced to cultivation a handsome Madagascar Phaius, 
which flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, and was identified 
by Reichenbach with the plant of Thouars (Gard. Chron., 1881, i. p. 428). 
It soon obtained a great reputation in gardens, and, being used for 
hybridising, yielded several very handsome hybrids. About twenty years 
later still another batch was brought home by M. G. Warpur, and with 
it another species having very similar flowers but a totally different habit. 
The latter soon flowered at Kew, when the discovery was at once made 
that it was none other than the original Phaius tuberculosus. This left the 
garden plant, by this time well known and frequently figured as P. tuber- 
culosus, without a name, hence that of P. simulans, Rolfe, was given (O.R., 
ix. p. 43), in allusion to the close resemblance of its flowers to the original 
plant, while the climbing habit was totally different, the other being 
terrestrial and with a short stout rhizome. The correction was not at first 
accepted, and the new-comer was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. as 
P. Warpuri, Weathers, while a considerable discussion took place as to the 
merits of the question (See O.R., ix. pp. 65-67). It was simply a case of 
mis-identification, and the only course was to rectify the mistake before 
the original plant became established in gardens under another name. 


184 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [AuGUST, 1917. 


A few curious mistakes have arisen through the mixture of materials 
derived from different sources, and one of the most remarkable is seen in 
the case of Maxillaria spathacea, Lindl. (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 131). This 
was described as a beautiful species, the flowers having the facies and size 
of Maxillaria Harrisonie, but the pollen and anther unknown. The 
description shows a habit and spathe totally unlike anything in the 
Maxillaria group, and as a matter of fact it is made up of a plant of a 
diphyllous Cattleya, probably C. intermedia, and three flowers of Bifrenaria 
Harrisoniz. It was based on a mounted sheet in Sir William Hooker's 
Herbarium, and was said to have been collected in Brazil by Boaz. The 
marvel is that Lindley, who must have known both the diverse plants well, 
did not detect the mistake, for the material is ample. 

It is not an isolated case, for Lindley also described a Cymbidium 
limbatum (/.c., p. 145), the source of which is given as Trinidad, Shepherd. 
Now the genus Cymbidium is unrepresented in the New World, and it was 
probably for this reason that Grisebach transferred the plant to Govenia as 
G. limbata (Fl. Brit. W. Ind., p. 628). The change was no improvement, 
though there was an element of plausibility about it. In fact, it is made up 
from an inflorescense of a Cymbidium of the aloifolium group—now called 
C. simulans, Rolfe—and a leaf of Oncidium luridum. The source is 
probably correct so far as the leaf is concerned, but the inflorescence 
must have been added by.some carelessness in sorting or mounting the: 
specimens. 

Many other bona-fide mistakes could be pointed out, in fact the list 
could be greatly prolonged without exhausting the subject. Cases 
of mis-identification, inadvertent misplacing of labels and tickets, and 
erroneous records of parentage among hybrids are, of course, numerous, 
and how many still remain to be detected time alone will tell, but the 
examples cited will show how great and varied are the opportunities for 
mistakes in such a vast and intricate subject. They also show the 
importance of preserving careful records, specimens, and drawings— 
indeed, without the two latter it is doubtful whether some of the errors 
would ever have been cleared up. This consideration alone shows the 
outrageous character of Reichenbach’s act in sealing up his Herbarium 
against his contemporaries and successors. for a period of a quarter of a 
century—now indefinitely prolonged by a disastrous war. When this- 
collection is at length accessible for study a new crop of errors will 
probably come to light, but on such a matter speculation is useless. e€ 
examples cited belong to an earlier period, and are not without interest 
when viewed from the historical standpoint. And the necessity for 
correction should be obvious to all, for one cannot write history by 
compromising with the facts. RAE 


Aueust, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185 


v BULBOPHYLLUM ERICSSONII. | ] 


ULBOPHYLLUM Ericssonii is surely one of the most striking species 

of a very large and enormously varied genus, for the inflorescence, 
which is here represented about five-eights natural size, from a plant which 
flowered. with Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, hears a rough 
resemblance to some weird octopus. The flowers are borne in an umbel, 


ERICISSONII. 


BULBOPHYLLUM 


23. 


tio 
ig. 


and radiate horizontally from the central axis. Individually they have 
been compared to those of some Chimeroid Masdevallia, and their colour 
is light green, with numerous brown blotches, the lip being marked with 
reddish purple on a white ground. The tails of the lateral sepals, it will 


186 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGust, 1917. 


be noticed, curl spirally at the apex, while the erect dorsal sepals are piled 
up into a sort of cone in the centre of the inflorescence. The nearly 
horizontal peduncle is not shown, being on the other side of the 
inflorescence. B. Ericssonii is one of the few Bulbophyllums which have 
received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S., this award having been 
given to a plant exhibited by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, in 
1907. The history of the species was given at pages 233, 234 of our 
fifteenth volume. Both it and the allied and equally remarkable B. 
virescens have recently flowered well at Kew. 


@| SOCLEJIES. | 


Royal HORTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on July 3rd, when there 
was a good display of choice Orchids, and the awards consisted of two 
medals, one award of Merit, and one Preliminary Commendation. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, J. Wilson Potter, Stuart H. 
Low, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, Arthur Dye, 
C. H. Curtis, Walter Cobb, W. H. White, F. K. Sander, R. Brooman 
White, J. Charlesworth, R. A. Rolfe, and C. J. Lucas. 

AWARD OF MERIT. | 

ODONTOGLOSSUM QUEEN ALEXANDRA VAR. MEMORIA LIONEL CRAW- 
SHAY (Harryanum X triumphans Lionel Crawshay).—A large and very 
handsome form, having broad, chocolate-brown sepals and petals, margined 
_ and tipped with yellow, and a very broad lip, violet-purple at the base and 
white in front of the yellow crest. Exhibited by de Barri Crawshay, Esq- 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

ODONTIODA MEMORIA LIONEL Crawsnay (Odm. Urania X Oda. Charles 
worthii).—An interesting novelty, bearing a single large flower, of good 
shape and substance, the sepals and petals of a nearly uniform light 
brownish orange, and the lip shading off to pale yellow in front, and with @ 
deep yellow crest. Exhibited by de Barri Crawshay, Esq. 

GENERAL EXuIBITs. 

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), sent 
Odontoglossum Cleopatra memoria Lionel Crawshay (Carmania x 
Vuylstekei), a fine thing, bearing a spike of six well-shaped flowers, in 
which the characters of O. Harryanum preponderate, the sepals and petals 
being sepia brown with yellow margins, and the lip violet-purple behind 
and white in front of the yellow crest. 


AUGUST, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187 


H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent a 
very finely-developed plant of the remarkable New Guinea Bulbophyllum 
Balfourianum, bearing four of its large, fleshy, greyish green leaves, and 
five large flowers, copiously blotched and marbled with chocolate-brown on 
a cream-yellow ground. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a choice group of 
Orchids, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. It included a 
brilliant form of Miltonia Hyeana, the handsome M. J. Gurney Fowler, and 
others, Brassavola Digbyana with three flowers, a good Cattleya Gaskel- 
liana alba, a fine example of Odontonia Lairesseze, Odontioda heatonensis 
and several of the scarlet forms, with Leliocattleyas and a few promising 
seedling Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a group of finely-grown specimens, including the beautiful blush- 
pink Cattleya Warscewiczii Mrs. E. Ashworth with six flowers, two fine 
forms of C. Gaskelliana with nine flowers each, a light form of C. 
Mossiz, a specimen Miltonia Bleuana with ten strong spikes, the hand- 
some M. vexillaria var. Lyoth, a fine plant of Masdevallia Schlimii with 
fifteen spikes, M. Chimera, some good Lzliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, 
and others. 

- Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a small group, including 
Odontonia Aphrodite (M. Warscewiczii X Odm. Magali-Sander), well 
blotched with red-purple on a white ground, a good example of Miltonia 
Isabel-Sander (Hyeana X Roezlii), white with a dark maroon base to the 
lip, two good examples of Phalznopsis amabilis, Angrecum falcatum, 
Brassavola Digbyana, the rare Megaclinum Clarkei, Luisia Psyche, Leelio- 
cattleya Martinetii vinifera, and a few other interesting things. 

At the meeting held on July 17th there were again two fine medal 
groups, but only two plants were entered to go before the Committee, to 
one of which a Preliminary Commendation was given. 

Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Colman, Batt. (in the chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, E. R. Ashton, J. Wilson Potter, R. A. 
Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, Arthur Dye, F. R. Sander, Pantia Ralli, S. W. 
Flory, R. Brooman White, Walter Cobb, T. Armstrong , J. Charlesworth, 
C. H. Curtis, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

OpontToGLossum Litian (Dora x Empress of India).—A charming 
thing, bearing its first flower, which has the general shape of an enlarged O. 
Pescatorei, all the segments being very broad and rounded, and the lip 
exceptionally so, while the colour is clear white, with a zone of light violet 
blotches on the segments. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 


i88 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {Aucust, 1917. 


GENERAL EXHIBITS. ' 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group, 
to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained the handsome 
Miltonia vexillaria Frank Reader, M. Charlesworthii, Cypripedium Alma 
Gevaert, the graceful C. Vipanii, Anguloa Cliftonii, Bulbophyllum Dearei, 
a fine Cattleya Warscewiczii, Odontioda Henryi, Bradshawiz, heatonensis, 
Penelope, and Cereus var. Figaro (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. excellens), 
having clear yellow flowers blotched with chestnut brown, and the lip with 
a light yellow margin (remarkably different from the original light scarlet 
form), a very fine Odontoglossum Amethyst Glebelands var. O. Pescatorei 
album, with a fine panicle of flowers, O. eximium and var. xanthotes, O. 
Armstrongiz, blotched with violet-purple on a white ground, and several 
other good things. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a brilliant group, including two fine Cattleya Hardyana 
alba, C. Warscewiczii majestica, a noble form with four flowers, the blush- 
pink variety Mrs. E. Ashworth, C. Gaskellian alba, the pretty C. 
calummata, two examples of C. Hesta, Sophrocatlelia Laconia, a very 
richly-coloured Leliocattleya Momus, the rare Broughtonia sanguinea 
with two racemes, half-a-dozen well-grown Miltonia Charlesworthii, 
Bulbophyllum Lobbii with seven flowers, Oncidioda Charlesworthii with 
four large panicles, Odontioda Zenobia, Brewii, and others, Odonto- 
glossum eximium xanthotes, and several good blotched hybrids. 


A third meeting was held on July 31st, when the exhibits were again 
moderate, and the awards consisted of two Awards of Merit and two 
medals. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman (in the chair), J. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, F. K. 
Sander, Pantia Ralli, T. Armstrong, Gurney Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, 
and C. J. Lucas. 3 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CATTLEYA Princess Roya (Fabia X Hardyana).—A richly-coloured 
hybrid, most like the latter in general character, and having deep rose-purple 
sepals and petals, the latter with some paler mottling, and a ruby-red lip, 
margined with lilac, and lined with golden yellow in the centre, 
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

CATTLEYA RosiITA ORCHIDHURST VAR. (Prince John x iridescens).—A 
very beautiful hybrid, the flower being of excellent shape, and the sepals 
and petals salmon pink, tinged with yellow, while the lip is chrome yellow, 
with a rounded, deep magenta front lobe. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong 
& Brown. 


‘Auaust, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 189 


GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

J. Ansaldo, Esq., Rosebank, Mumbles, sent Sophrocatlelia Corona 
Ansaldo’s var. (Lc. rubens X Sc. Dorila), in which the Lelia pumila 
influence coming in through both parents is very marked. The habit is 
dwarf, and the broad sepals and petals rosy mauve, with a shade of orange, 
and the lip rosy purple with a yellow disc. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
showed a flower of Cattleya illustris var. Savoyard (iridescens X Acis), pale 
canary yellow in colour, with the front lobe of the lip light purple. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Silver 
Flora Medal for a choice group, including Odontioda Una (Odm. Halli x 
Oda. Charlesworthii), blotched with reddish purple on a cream-white 
ground, and with a strongly-toothed yellow crest, Miltonia Rev. W. Wilks, 
with large rosy flowers, Cattleya illustris Orchidhurst var., clear yellow 
with rosy veining on the lip, Leliocattleya Pronax (elegans X George 
Woodhams), a richly-coloured form, and others. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also obtained a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine group, including Leliocattleya Marina (Le. St.- 
Gothard x C. Hardyana), a striking thing, having deep rose sepals and 
petals, and a broad ruby purple lip, lined with deep yellow in the throat, 
Le. Agnes (C. Schillerianum X Lc. callistoglossa), most like the Cattleya 
in general character, Lc. Appam, yellow with the front of the lip ruby 
purple, a fine specimen of Miltonia vexillaria rubella with numerous 
spikes, some good forms of Odontoglossum armainvillierense, O. eximium, 


O. crispum xanthotes, and other good things. 


JAPANESE correspondent who is anxious to raise some seedling 

Cattleyas writes: I have been trying to hybridise Cattleyas for the 
last two years without result, and someone has told me that in England 
the germinating material can be bought—material which has already been 
treated with the Cattleya Fungus, and on which the seeds can be sown, 
and that without this it is impossible to raise seedlings of Cattleya. Your 
views and assistance in the matter will be much appreciated. 

This is probably an echo of the experiments carried out by the late M. 
Noel Bernard, and his conclusions as to the necessary co-operation of the 
Orchid fungus, but we do not. know of anyone keeping the germinating 
medium on sale, hence the assistance of any reader who has experience of 
the matter will be much appreciated. The question has been discussed in 
these pages on several occasions, and some years ago M. Bernard sent us an 


Gees | GERMINATING CATTLEYA SEEDS. 


190 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGUST, 1917. 


article on the subject, accompanied by a photograph, which was published 
under the heading Fungus Co-operation in Orchid Roots (O.R., xiv. pp. 
201-203, with fig.). The subjects were Odontoglossum and Phalzenopsis, 
but the same principles apply to Cattleya, except that a different fungus is 
used. M. Bernard remarked, ‘‘ the fungi which succeed well in the case of 
Cattleya, Cypripedium, &c., do not work at all in the case of Odonto- 
glossum.” As regards the latter, the figure showed two tubes, one in which 
Odontoglossum seeds had been sown for four months on the surface of 
nuitritive jelly, but which had simply swelled and turned green without 
making further progress, and it is said that the process could be continued 
for six or seven months in the absence of the fungus with no better results. 
Ina similar culture to which the Odontoglossum fungus had been added 
the seeds were germinating in a regular manner in 24 months, the fungus 
itself was obtained by suitable cultural methods from the roots of the 
Odontoglossum, and M. Bernard was of the opinion that, under appro- 
priate methods, Odontoglossum seeds could be germinated as readily as 
those of Cattleya. 

M. Bernard’s experiments seem conclusive as to the necessity of the 
co-operating fungus, but myriads of seedlings were in existence before the 
discovery was made, and as the said fungus is present in the roots of the 
parents, the whole subject resolves itself into providing suitable methods 
for their propagation. It may be said that wherever Orchids germinate 
successfully, either in a wild state or in our houses at home, the fungi must 
be present all the time, and this would explain why in so many cases the 
compost of a healthy growing plant, or, better still, of a batch of vigorous 
young seedlings, proves the most suitable seed bed. It would appear, how- 
ever, that the fungi, if present, are not invariably active, for seeds may be 
sown on the pots of several plants of the same species, but will only 
germinate on part of them, and for no apparent reason. But there are 
many cases of successful germination quite apart from any existing plant, 
and the question arises as to the precise way in which the fungus was 
transferred to the new site. The fungus can exist apart from the Orchid, 
at all events for a time, but the symbiotic relations between the two would 
suggest that the separation is of a temporary nature. In any case they 
thrive under the same conditions, and success with one should involve 
success with both, if both are present. And here comes the difficulty that 
so little is known about the fungi. Two or three different kinds are said to 
have been isolated, but they remain in the mycelial stage, and without the 
fruit it is not even known to which genus they belong. 

The subject is still involved in uncertainty, and, as Mr. J. M. Black 
once suggested (O.R., xiv. p. 117), some of our Orchid-growing scientists 
might take it up and solve it for us in a practical way, for it ought to be as 


AuGustT, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 191 


easy to cultivate the fungus, so that a seed-pan could be inoculated as 
occasion required, as for bacteriologists to make their cultures from the 
nodules of leguminous plants. In the meantime the most practical 
suggestion is to sow the seeds on the compost of healthy vigorous plants of 
the parents, and to keep the surface constantly moist and maintain healthy 
surroundings generally. It is still the only practical method in the case of 
Cypripedium and Odontoglossum, but the Cattleya group is now generally 
sown on separate seed pans, consisting of canvas stretched over a ball of 
sphagnum moss, surrounded by a little fine compost to fill up the space 
between the canvas and the rim of the pan. The pan is then covered with 
a piece of glass, or put in a close frame in the house, for better control of 
the atmospheric conditions. Here they germinate freely in most cases, if 
the seed is good, and failure is mostly the result of unsuitable conditions. 
We suggest that it is to the latter cause, rather than to the absence of 
the necessary fungi, that our correspondent’s failure may be due. The 
absence of fungi may be a cause of failure—we do not know if anyone has 
tried to germinate Cattleyas in a suitable atmosphere where no Orchids 
whatever are grown—but their presence would not compensate for 
conditions that are faulty in other respects. 

If our correspondent is able to grow Cattleyas reasonably well we see 
no reason why his seeds should fail to germinate, if proper care is taken, 
but it should increase the chances of success if a few small healthy seedlings 
could be obtained from some other collection, on the compost of which 
the seeds could be sown. Germinating seedlings are, of course, far more 
delicate than established plants, hence the importance of maintaining 
equable climatic conditions. Other beginners have experienced similar 
difficulties, and we hope that further experiments may be crowned with 


success, 


ages ORCHIDS IN SEASON. ery 


BEAUTIFUL form of Cattleya Iris (bicolor X Dowiana aurea) is 

sent from the collection of T. Wilcox, Esq., Walsall. It has clear, 

deep yellow sepals and petals of good shape, and the lip, which closely 

resembles that of C. bicolor in shape, is clear purple throughout. It is a 

seedling flowering for the first time, and should develop into a good thing 
when the plant becomes strong. 

A flower of a handsome Oncidium is sent from the collection of Philip 
Smith, Esq., Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. E. W. Thompson, 
who remarks that it appeared among imported plants, and is suspected to 
be of a hybrid origin. It is O. Mantinii,, a natural hybrid between O. 


192 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1917, 


Forbesii and O. Marshallianum, which originally appeared in the establish- 
ment of M. Truffaut, at Marseilles, whence it passed into the collection of 
M. G. Mantin, Olivet, France. It is believed to have appeared in a 
Brazilian importation of M. Binot. The flower is deep yellow, with a 
number of light brown markings. As in the case of many other natural 
hybrids, it varies somewhat in colour and markings. Its history and a 
figure are given at page 329 of our nineteenth volume. 

A DIMEROUS CYPRIPEDIUM.—A curiously malformed flower of a hybrid 
of Cypripedium insigne is sent from the collection of R. Windsor Rickards, 
Esq., Usk Priory, Monmouthshire. It consists of two short, broadly 
ovate sepals, and two opposite lips, these occupying the position of the 
petals, which they clearly replace. The usual lip is absent, and the 
column is straight, and without a staminode, though the stigma and 
anthers are present. The prevailing colour is light green, without any of 
the characteristic markings of the dorsal sepal. It would appear that the 
median petal is suppressed, while the staminodial influence that transforms 
it into a lip in the normal flower has wandered to the lateral petals, 
transforming them into lips. Something of the kind must happen when 
similar dimerous flowers appear in the genus, and we have seen previous 
examples. It would be interesting to know whether the peculiarity proves 
constant.—R.A.R. 


Cy meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the 

London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 
August, on the 14th and 2oth, when the Orchid Committee will meet at 
11.45 a.m. The following meeting is fixed for September 11th. 


ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


The Manchester & North of England Orchid Society has suspended its 
meetings for the holiday season, and the next meeting will be held at the 
Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 6th. The Committee meets at 
noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 4 p.m. 


Paar] ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | ist 


T.W.—A good form ot Cattleya Iris, of which a note appears on the preceding page 

C.J.P.—Many thanks. To be recorded later, 

R.W.R., and several others.—The delay has been quite unavoidable, but we hope only 
temporary. Some notes are held over, and one report did not reach us until the matter 
was made up. It will appear in our next issue. 

H.T.C.— Received with thanks, Next month, 


pene agian, 


UE es . 


The Orebio Review & g 
a 


3 “! VoL. XXV. SEPTEMBER, 1917, No. 297. 


ees) NEW ORCHIDS. ES 


NOTHER Decade of New Orchids appears in the recent issue of the- 
Kew Bulletin, six of the species being in cultivation, as follows :-— 

PLEUROTHALLIS (Apode czspitose) COsTARICENSIS, Rolfe-—A dwarf 
species, sent from Costa Rica by Mr. C. H. Lankester, and flowered in the 
Kew collection in May, 1916. The flowers are borne in an elongated 
raceme, and are light greenish yellow, with rather darker nerves and lip.—- 
Kew Bull., 1917, p. 82. 

CIRRHOPETALUM LONGIDENS, Rolfe.—Flowered at Kewin July, 1916, 
where it has been grown for a considerable time as a small plant, and its- 
origin cannot be traced. It is an ally of C. picturatum, Lodd., and is- 
remarkable for the length and shape of the teeth of the column. The 
flowers are yellow, with red-brown markings on the petals, dorsal sepal, 
and base of the lateral sepals.—l.c., p. 12. 

Eria (Cylindrolobus) ALBOLUTEA, Rolfe.—A Philippine species, which 
flowered in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in August, 1916. It is- 
an ally of E. brachystachys, Rchb. f., and has pure white flowers, with the 
petaloid bracts light yellow.—i.c., p. 83. 

EpipenpDruM (Amphiglottium), TRICARINATUM, Rolfe.—One of M. 
Louis Forget’s Peruvian discoveries, introduced by Messrs. Sander & Sons,. 
St. Albans, and flowered with Sir Frederick W. Moore at the Royal 
Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in June, 1916. It is allied to E. evectum,. 
Hook. f. (Bot. Mag., t. 5902), but is readily distinguished by the three 
whitish keels on the lip. The flowers are bright purple.—/.c., p. 83. 

MAXILLARIA SHEPHEARDII, Rolfe.—A Colombian species, collected at 
Rio Condoto, in the Choco district, by Dr. S. Shepheard. It was acquired 
for Kew, in 1914, from Mrs. Shepheard, Abbotts Hall, Aylsham, and 
flowered in the collection in July, 1916. The flowers are produced in 
profusion on rather short scapes, and the sepals are deep yellow, suffused 
with brownish red towards the apex, the petals yellowish white, and the 
lip yellow, striped with light red on the disc and side lobes, with the apex 


of the crest orange red.—/.c., p. 86. 
DICH#A CILIOLATA, Rolfe.—A Costa Rican species, sent to Kew by Mr.. 


194 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SePTEMBER, 1917. 


C. H. Lankester, and flowered in the collection in July, 1915. It is allied 
to D. hystricina, Rchb. f., but has much broader and shorter leaves. The 
flowers are pale buff, with red-purple spots and bars, the lip white with 
purple spots and a purple suffusion on the side lobes, and the column pale 
buff, margined with dull purple, and the rostellum violet—l.c., p. 86. 

The other four species are South African, namely, Eulophia triloba, 
elegantula, obcordata, and durbanensis, Rolfe, and are described from dried 
specimens. 


9 NEW HYBRIDS. i. 


HAVE to report the following Orchid hybrids raised and flowered in 
i this collection, and which I name as follows :-— 
L2&LIOCATTLEYA BREBURNE (Lc. Geo. Woodhams X Thyone). 
OponTiopA BacHEHAM (Oda. rosefieldiensis X Odm. Thais). 
OvonTIopA BoLTonE (Odm. Aireworth X Oda. Charlesworthii). 
OponTiopa Borne (Oda. Bradshawize X Odm. Louise). 
ODONTOGLOSsUM BADELSMERE (Odm. Jasper X hybrid unnamed, one 
of Vuylsteke’s). 
ODONTOGLOssuM BeREwic (Odm. crispum Floryi x Her Majesty). 
ODONTOGLOssuM BorowarT (Odm. Ianthe x Kilburneanum). 
C, J. PHILLIPS. 


The Glebe, Sevenoaks. 


An interesting and pretty hybrid, presumably of artificial origin, has 
heen sent from the collection of W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, 
Edgbaston, unfortunately without any clue to its origin. One parent, how- 
ever, was clearly a Miltonia, from the shape and colour of the lip; the 
other, from the dark, somewhat elongated sepals, petals, and column, may 
have been an Odontoglossum. There is a suggestion of Miltonia cuneata 
about the. shape of the lip, which is obovate, with a cuneate base, and a pall 
of small auricles above the base, but the colour is entirely purple, with 4 
yellow crest. The sepals and petals are broadly lanceolate, and of a darker 
purple, with brown underneath, which comes out stronger in drying, while 
the column is rather elongated, and with rather narrow, nearly entire 
wings. We hope that an effort will be made to trace the origin of the 
plant, so that the parentage may be cleared up, and we may add that this 
note was written without an opportunity of comparing the specimen. It 1s. 
particularly difficult to trace the origin of certain hybrids when neither the 
parentaye nor the origin are known, and such cases, unfortunately, at 
becoming exceedingly numerous. 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW 195 


| GA 
B 
F it were to be remarked that Lindley’s long-lost Doritis pulcherrima 
is now flowering freely in the Kew collection, the statement would 
probably cause some surprise, but it is none the less a plain statement of 
fact, and the history of the plant and its recovery will therefore be read 
with interest. 

The genus was established by Lindley as long ago as 1833 (Gen. & Sp. 
Orch., p. 178), being based on a dried specimen collected by Finlayson 
near Turon (or Tourane) Bay, Cochin China, from the Herbarium of the 
East India Co. -(Wall. Cat., n. 7348). The specimen in Lindley’s 
Herbarium consists of a leaf and the base of a flowerless scape, with 


Se 


rs 


DORITIS PULCHERRIMA. 


analytical sketches of the floral details (the flower itself appears not: to 
have been kept). The Kew specimen is still more fragmentary, being 
without a leaf, but there is part of the apex of the inflorescence with a few 
bracts. Both Reichenbach and Bentham, when adding other species to 
the genus, have commented upon the difficulty of identifying the original 
plant, and the species has remained doubtful down to the present. 

Since then, however, the Wallichian Herbarium has come to Kew, and 
it occurred to us to look up the material preserved there. We found two 
leaves, portions of branched and an unbranched inflorescence, and a single 
dried flower. It is carefully labelled with Lindley’s name and the 
Catalogue number, and there is also an original ticket of Finlayson, 
inscribed ‘‘ Epidendrum, Turon Bay, n. 521.” The specimen was clearly 
Phalzenopsis Esmeralda, Rchb. f., and with this clue we turned to the Kew 
collection of drawings. Here was a fine painting, with four leaves, and an 
unbranched inflorescence with 17 flowers and buds, labelled ‘* Orchidea, 
Finlayson, n. 521,” the actual number of Finlayson’s original ticket. In 
the absence of the name and of the original ticket there was absolutely 
nothing to show that it was an original painting of Doritis pulcherrima, 
and its identity has remained unsuspected until now. Asa matter of fact, 
the painting was found years ago by the writer, and labelled ‘‘ Phalznopsis 
Esmeralda, Rchb. f.—R.A.R.” 

PHALNopsIS ESMERALDA, Rchb. f., was described in 1874 (Gard. Chron., 
1874, ii. p. 582), as a lovely gem, bearing six spikes of amethyst-coloured 
blossoms, showing from 15 to 20 flowers. Information as to the collector 
and native country were deferred. It afterwards appeared (Orchidophile. 1. 
p. 9) that it was introduced from Cochin China by M. Godefroy Lebeuf, 
who found it in two localities in the island of Phuquoc, in the Gulf of Siam, 
growing on isolated rocks in the midst of a small thicket of conifers—never 
on trees—and that during the dry season, when all vegetation on the rocks 


196 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


disappears, the plants lose their leaves. Reichenbach subsequently made 
a distinct section of Phalznopsis, called Esmeralda, for the plant on 
account of the presence of two linear appendages on the stalk of the lip. 


He also described three additional species, namely, P. antennifera (Gard, — 


Chron., 1879, i. p. 398), sent by Mr. Stuart Low; P. Regnieriana (lc. 
1887, ii. p. 746), introduced from Cochin China by M. Regnier, and P. 
Buyssoniana (I.c., 1888, ii. p. 295), also from M. A. Regnier. These, how- 
ever, are now regarded as only variations of P. Esmeralda, which varies 


considerably in colour, and somewhat in size. The species has also been 


recorded from Cambodia, Burma, the Langkawi Islands, and from Setul 
and Patani, in the Malay Peninsula. 

The section Esmeralda has always been anomalous in Phalzenopsis, on 
account of the long, slender unguis of the lip, with its pair of linear 
appendages, and as there are other differences of structure, and the habit of 
the plant is'distinct, it will be necessary to recognise Lindley’s original 
name. Doritis pulcherrima is a very free-flowering and attractive plant, 
throwing up numerous erect, sometimes branched spikes in the summet 
and autumn, the flowers varying from purple to lilac, and occasionally 
nearly white, with a rather darker lip. About a dozen pans of it, each 
containing several plants, are now making a good display at Kew, and 
showing much variation in size and colour. 


This clears up Lindley’s original genus Doritis, and we now come to 


the species which have been subsequently added. In 1860 Reichenbach 
transferred Lindley’s Dendrobium bifalce (Benth. Bot. Sulph., p. 180, t- 58), 
a native of New Guinea, to Doritis, under the name of D. bifalcis (Hamb. 
Gartenz., xvi. p. 116), but this was clearly a mistake, for the somewhat 
imperfect specimen agrees with what was afterwards described as 
Dendrobium chloropterum (Rchb. f. & S. Moore in Journ. of Bot., 1878, 
p- 137, t. 196), which thus becomes a synonym of D. bifalce. Bentham 
afterwards suggested that the New Guinea Carteretia paniculata, A. Rich. 
(Sert. Astrolab., p. 10, t. 4), was a Doritis, again a mistake, for the plant 
clearly belongs to the Saccolabium group. A few other species which have 
been added to Doritis are also seen to be out of place now that the original 
species has been cleared up, being quite distinct in structure. For these n° 
existing name is available, and we propose that of Kingiella, in memory © 


the work of the late Sir George King with Indian Orchids. The nam© 


Kingia, in honour of the Australian voyageur, Captain King, is already 

appropriated for a remarkable tree-like rush from $.W. Australia. 
KINGIELLA is characterised by the union of the lateral sepals with the 

base of the lip, forming a spur-like mentum, from which the lobes are borné 


directly, without an unguis furnished with linear appendages. The following: 
are the species :— 


GME a AR PE ee eeaey 


SEPTEMERR, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197 


K. Ta#niALis. Aérides teniale, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 239. A. 
carnosum, Griff. Notul., iii. p. 365; et Ic. Pl. Asiat., t. 338a. Doritis 
teenialis, Benth. ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 31; King & Pantl., Orch. 
Sikkim, p. 199, t. 266. D. Braceana, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 196, & 
Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc., v. p. 40, t. 60.—Native of North India, from 
Kumaon, Bhotan and Sikkim to Khasia and Burma. 

K. DEcCUMBENS. Aérides decumbens, Griff. Notu/., iii. p. 365, & Ic. Pl. 
Asiat., t. 320, fig. 1. Phalaenopsis Wightii, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit., 1862, 
p. 214. Aérides latifolium, Thw. Enum. Pl. Ceyl., p. 429. Doritis Wightii, 
Benth. ex Hook. f. fl. Brit. Ind., vi. p. 32; King & Pantl. Orch. Sikkim, 
p. 198, t. 265. Phalznopsis alboviolacea, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 
2, iii. p. 373.—Widely diffused in India, from Sikkim and Bhotan to 
Burma, also in East India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula and the Chinese 
Island of Hainan. 

K. Hese. Phalznopsis Hebe, Rchb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz., 1852, p 35; 
& Xen. Orch., ii. p. 146, t. 156, fig. 2; J. J. Smith, Orch. Jav., p. 550, fig. 
417. P. bella, Teijsm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Izd., xxiv. p. 321. 
P. amethystina, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 602; 1870, p. 1731, fig. 
299. Doritis Hebe, Schlechter in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., Beih. p. 968.— 
Native of Java and Sumatra. 

K. PHILIPPINENSIS. Doritis philippinensis, Ames Orchid., p. 235, with 
fig.—Native of the Philippine Islands. 

K. STEFFENSII. Doritis Steffensii, Schlechter in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., 
X. p. 194.—Native of Celebes. 

Phalenopsis Stobartiana, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1877, ii. p. 392, may 
possibly belong to this genus, but the oe is quite inadequate, and 
the habitat is unrecorded. R. A. ROLFE. 


CYPRIPEDIUM SEDENII ABNORMAL.—A curious abnormal state of Cypri- 
pedium Sedenii has appeared in the Kew collection. It occupies the apex 
of a side branch of the inflorescence, and the ovary is confluent with the 
axis above the third bract, the axis thus being much dilated and flattened. 
The two petals are modified into imperfect lips, both as regards colour and 
markings, and inside these are two additional, much smaller lips, while the 
staminode and stigma are abnormal in shape. At the apex of the fasciated 
floral axis are two additional buds, the upper in the axil of a short bract 
and the lower without a bract, and both appear to be developing normally 
in other respects. C. Sedenii is a hybrid between C. Schlimii and C. 
longifolium, and it has established a reputation for producing abnormal 
flowers, a good many of which have been described, but we do not 
remember one with this particular character, which is doubtless due to one 
of the flowers remaining confluent with the axis. 


198 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1917 


Wass es, 
Pars 


FLOWER of a fine species of the remarkable genus Coryanthes, 
preserved in formalin, has been sent to Kew for determination by 
Mr. Pratt, entomologist and traveller, who remarks that it was collected near 
Tabaconas, about 78° west longitude, on the borders of Peru and Ecuador. 
The identity of the species is at present uncertain, but it belongs to the 


CORYANTHES FEILDINGII. Rise. 


group of C. macrantha and C. Fieldingii. Mr. Pratt describes the colour 


of the flower as follows: ‘Bucket grass green; petals darker grass 
green, with chocolate spots.” Coryanthes Feildingii, Lindl., is a very 
large species that was described and figured nearly seventy years ago 
(Journ. Hort. Soc., iii. pp. 15-18, with two figures), but which, we believe, 
has been lost sight of ever since. Its country was unknown, but the flower 
is preserved in the Lindley Herbarium. The figures represent the front 
and back views of the flower. The following is Lindley’s account of this 
remarkable plant :— 

“In August, 1847, Col, Feilding sent me for examination a flower of a 
Coryanth. which is so remarkable as to deserve a notice at some length. 
The plant was purchased of Mr. Atkins, of Northampton, in 1842, its 
origin being unknown. It flowered at Street Aston in 1844; in 1845 it 
was again showing for flower, but missed in consequence of its removal to 
London ; in 1847 in finally produced the extraordinary blossoms which are 
the subject of the annexed figures. 

“ As usual in this genus the flowers are pendulous and inverted, so that 
the apparatus of the column hangs downwards instead of being erect. The 
general colour of the parts is pale brownish yellow, a little mottled, and 
stained with cinnamon in an irregular manner. When closed, the flower is 
about five inches long and three wide. As it unfolds, the sepals and petals, 
which are membranous and bear no small resemblance to bat’s wings, tur 
back, seem to fold up, and finally hang drooping at the back of the lip and 


column, in which organs, as is well known, the singularity of the genus 
resides. 


eer ne See a ey LS ML ae eee eT ae 


“The lip is borne by a thick horizontal arm an inch and a half long, 


which proceeds from the top of the flower-stalk, and consequently from the 
lower end of the column. Right and left of its base are placed two softish 
fleshy pale ear-like lobes, which are organs of secretion, a sweet fluid 
continually dripping from them as long as the flower is in vigour. At the 
other end this horizontal arm expands into a convex cap or hood, hairy in 
front but bald on the crown; a little compressed from the back and two 
inches across in its principal diameter. From the cap hangs down a large 
fleshy goblet, smooth at the edges, flattened at the end, two inches deeP 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199 


and as many wide, and connected with the cap by a hollowed fleshy stalk, 
which is strongly marked by various transverse fleshy folds, warts, and 
ridges ; into this goblet drips the honey, secreted by two ears at the base 
of the horizontal arm which carries the lip. On the side next the column 
the goblet is opened, and near the bottom of this opening it is furnished 
with three fleshy sharp-pointed lobes, of which the lateral curve downwards 
and the middle one stands erect, rising just high enough to come in contact 
with the head of the column, which grows downwards so far as to almost 
touch it. : 

‘The column isa large fleshy club-shaped body two inches and a half 
long, and throwing back its head till its bosom becomes so round and large 
as to be comparable to the breast of a “‘ puffer’’ pigeon. The head of the 
column divides into two short flat fleshy curved arms, between which the 
anther is seated. 

‘This extraordinary species is perfectly distinct from Coryanthes 
macrantha, not only in size, bnt in the form of the cap, its hairiness, the 
truncated termination downwards of the goblet, and the plaits or tubercles 
that occur on the stalk of the latter. Its flower is the largest yet known 
among Orchids.” 

As regards the so-called ‘“ honey,” we believe the description is 
inaccurate, for in’ other species the liquid secreted by the glands is a 
watery, tasteless fluid, which serves a quite different purpose in the 
economy of fertilisation. The idea then seems to have been that the 
liquid exuded by the glands served the purpose of attracting insects, bat 
the details of fertilisation in C. macrantha have since been fully described 
by Crueger and Rodway, and the essential details are identical in all the 
species, of which several striking ones have since been discovered. These 
details can be graphically explained by the help of the accompanying 
figures. 

C. MACRANTHA, as seen in its native home, is figured at p. 41 of our 
third volume, where it was pointed out that the mass of interlacing roots is 
almost invariably inhabited by a colony of carnivorous ants, which form an 
efficient protection against the attacks of cockroaches and other pests. 
Having provided a guard against crawling vermin (we summarise Rodway’s 
remarks), the Coryanthes proceeds to develop a most wonderful flower, in 
which every part is obviously formed to attract a particular insect, a 
beautiful metallic green bee, known as Euglossa aurata. The pendulous 
flowers are generally borne in pairs, and as soon as they expand the liquid 
secreted by the two glands drips into the bucket beneath. The Howers 
exhale a strong perfume, very attractive to the bees, which immediately 
swarm round in great numbers. Flying towards the flower, as a moth toa 
candle, the bee falls into the liquid which covers the bottom of the bucket, 


200 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


and wetting its wings is unable to use them. It is equally unable to crawl 
up the slippery sides, and thus it has to find an exit by means of a narrow 
opening between the lobes of the lip and the apex of the column, in doing 
which it carries off the pollinia on its back, to be in turn left upon the 
stigma of the next flower visited. 

Rodway subsequently had another good opportunity of observing the 
wonderful contrivances by which the flowers are fertilised. At seven 
o’clock the flowers were a trifle loose; at 8.30 the bees were seen round the 
fully-opened flowers, and an hour later every pollen mass must have been 
carried away. At the latter period from six to eight bees were continually 


Fig. 24. CORYANTHES MACULATA VAR. VITRINA. 


hovering round, crawling under the dome-like appendage above the cup, 
and dropping into the trap below. Their green and gold bodies flashed in 
the light as they buzzed round, and on one of them a pair of eects masses 
showed conspicuously against the metallic green back. 

Crueger pointed out that the attraction is some cellular tissue situated 
under the hood of the flower that the bees gnaw off, and he has seen them 
disputing with each other for a place on the lip and falling into the bucket 
beneath. Undeterred by its involuntary bath, the bee returns again to the 
feast, to be again precipated into the bucket. And he adds: ‘“ Sometimes 
there are so many of these humble bees assembled that there is a continual 
procession of them through the passage specified.” It would be interesting 
to secure a photograph showing the bees at work, but a friend in Trinidad 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201 


who made the attempt reported that the plate was a failure. We hope that 
he will try again. 

A few words must now be added as to the two plants here figured :-— 

C. MACULATA VAR. VITRINA (fig. 24) is a curious unspotted variety ofa 
Central American species, that appeared with Messrs. Sander & Sons, 
in 1894, and subsequently passed into the collection of Dr. Hodgkinson, 
The Grange, Wilmslow, from whom the annexed photograph was received. 
The sepals and petals are light greenish yellow, entirely without spots, and 
the lip a little paler, the name being given in allusion to the glassy 
appearance. The odour was described as that of a ripe pear. The shape 
of the hood, the bucket, and the pair of glands at the base of the column 
are well shown, and at the ends of the latter may be seen the glistening 


ut 
F 
i 
4 


Fig. 25. .CORYANTHES MACROCORYS. 


drop of liquid just about to fall. It is a graphic illustration of a very 
remarkable Orchid. 

C. macrocorys (fig. 25) is a Peruvian species that was introduced by 
Messrs. Linden, Brussels, with whom it flowered in March, 1892, when it 
was described and figured (Rolfe, in Lindenia, viii. t. 342). Plants were 
afterwards introduced by Messrs. Sander, and from a flower of the latter, 
photographed by the writer, about half-natured size, the annexed figure was 
prepared. It is very distinct in shape, and the concave lateral sepals 
resemble some expanded bivalve shell, with the texture and colour almost 
of an Aristolochia. The bucket is much dilated above, and the hood 
unusually long and narrow, while the pair of horns are suberect and 
very muchelongated. The colour may be described as light apple green, 
covered with light brown blotches on the lateral sepals and the inside of 


202 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


the lip, while the hood is almost suffused with a darker shade of purple 
brown. The species is rare, and it is doubtful if it is in cultivation at the 
present time.—R.A.R. 


el z 


EVERAL beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of H. Goodson, 
Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, by Mr.G. E. Day. The gem of the series is 
Cattleya Hardyana var. Herbert Goodson, a flower of excellent shape, and 
having pure white sepals and petals, with a broad lip of intense purple- 
crimson, beautifully veined with golden yellow on the disc, and with a pair 
of very large yellow blotches on either side of the throat, which pass into 
pure white at the margin, giving the flower a very striking appearance. 
Cattleya Alicia (labiata X Iris) has broad, rose-purple sepals and petals, 
and an intense crimson lip, beautifully undulate in front, and with a pair of 
small, rounded side lobes, which enfold the pure white column. Leaelio- 
cattleya Lambeauiz (L. pumila prestans x C. Hardyana) is also very fine, 
and has broad, rose-purple sepals and petals, with the front of the broad, 
very undulate lip intense purple-crimson. Lc. bletchleyensis var. Herbertii 
is a good, richly-coloured form, fairly typical in shape. Lastly, there are 
two charming hybrids of Sophronitis grandiflora, Sophrocattleya Chamber- 
lainiana and Sophrolaelia heatonensis, whose characters are well-known, 
and of which the second parents are Cattleya Harrisoniana and Lelia 
purpurata, respectively. They form a very interesting little group. 

A handsome hybrid Cattleya has been sent by Sir Frederick W. Moore, 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. It was purchased at Messrs. 
Armstrong & Brown’s Sale of seedlings in April, 1916, and has now 
flowered. It appears to be a form of C. Acis (Maronii X Dowiana aurea), 
and most resembles the latter species in general character, but is of smaller 
size. All the segments are broad, the sepals and petals deep golden yellow, 
and the lip crimson with some yellow veining. Other good forms have 
appeared out of this batch of seedlings. 

An attractive Laliocattleya is sent from the collection of E. F. Clark; 
Esq., Evershot, Dorset, which Mr. Clark suggests may be from C. Trianw 
x L. pumila, with the possible alternative of C. Gaskelliana X L. Iona, both 
crosses having been made. We think it must be the former cross, aS 
the very broad segments and the purple lip with deep yellow throat most 
recall C. Trianz, while other details, including the flowering on the young 
growth without a sheath, are suggestive of L. pumila. This would make it 
a form of Leliocattleya Tydea, originally raised by Messrs. James Veitch 
& Sons, flowering in 1894. 


ORCHIDS IN SEASON. 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203 


Bese GERMINATING CATTLEYA SEEDS. [| 2aay35 


ITH respect to the article in your August issue on Germinating 
Cattleya seeds (p. 189), I would suggest that our Japanese friend 
should sow his seeds on the compost in which other Cattleyas are 
growing, provided, of course, that it is in good condition. I have had 
some good results by this method. The watering question is the difficulty, 
as the minute seeds are so easily washed away. The surface may be kept 
moist by means of a sprayer, and when the compost beneath becomes dry 
partial dipping may be resorted to, the pot being immersed up to a little 
below the rim for a short time. It would be interesting to know the 
conditions under which the seeds were sown, and particularly what other 


plants are grown in the house, for without knowing something about these 
it is difficult to suggest a possible cause of failure. The great thing is to 
have the conditions right. J. T. Barker. 

The historical side of the question is interesting in this connection, and 
we may recall some of the early experiences of Messrs. Veitch, the pioneers 
of Orchid hybridisation, as given in a paper read by Mr. Harry J. Veitch 
(now Sir Harry) at the Orchid Conference held at South Kensington in 
1885 (Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., viil. pp. 22-36, with numerous figures). He 
remarked :— 

It was Mr. John Harris, a surgeon, of Exeter, who ead to 
Dominy the possibility of muling Orchids, and who pointed out to him the 
reproductive organs seated in the column, and showed that the application 
of the pollinia to the stigmatic surface was analogous to the dusting of the 
stigma of other flowers with pollen. This simple fact being once fairly 
grasped the work of hybridisation proceeded apace. The flowers of showy 
species of Cattleya, Lelia, Calanthe, &c., were fertilised with the pollinia 
of other species, and even the flowers of supposed different, but of course 
allied, genera were also operated upon in the same way. Capsules were 
produced in abundance, which in due course proved their maturity by 
dehiscing, and thus the long and anxiously desired seed was at length at 
hand. Then arose a great difficulty, a difficulty which still exists, and 
which our long experience has enabled us to make only a short step 
towards overcoming, to discover the most suitable method of raising 
the seedlings. 

The seeds of Orchids are minute chaffy bodies of extreme lightness. 
So minute are they that an ordinary pocket lens is powerless to enable one 
to know whether the seeds are likely to contain a germ or are mere lifeless 
dust. When growing wild, it is evident that the contents of the mature 


204 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


capsules after dehiscence are more or less scattered by the wind, perhaps 
-wafted to great distances, until they settle on the branches of trees, on shelving 
‘rocks, or other suitable situations where the seeds can germinate, and the 
seedlings firmly affix themselves. Following, or at least believing that we 
~were following Nature, so far as the altered circumstances of artificial 
cultivation allowed, every method or available means that could be thought 
-of was brought into request to secure the germination of the seed. It was 
sown upon blocks of wood, pieces of tree-fern stems, strips of cork, upon 
‘the moss that surfaced the pots of the growing plants, in fact, in any 
situation that seemed to promise favourable results. But as it was in the 
early days of Orchid hybridisation, so it is now, we seem as far off as ever 
from hitting upon a method by which at least a moderate amount of 
success may be calculated upon; failures were at first, as now, innumer- 
able, and numberless such are without doubt inevitable. 

Among the most cogent causes of failure in the raising of seedling 
‘Orchids, there can be no doubt that the altered conditions of climate, 
especially the deficiency of sunlight, and the artificial treatment to which 
the plants are necessarily subject in the glass houses of Europe, are the 
greatest. The capsules neither can nor do attain the perfection natural to 
them in their native countries, and it is more than probable that, 
independently of the capsules grown in our houses being the production of 
-cross-breeding, they do not yield a fractional part of the quantity of good 
seed they would do in their native land. And so with their progeny—the 
tender seedlings are brought into life under circumstances so different from 
‘what they would have been in their native land, that it is not at all 
‘Surprising that multitudes of them perish in their earliest infancy. 

Adverse as are some of the influences under which we work to obtain 
the capsules, there is but little difficulty in getting them, and in abundance 
too; sometimes even from crosses that, to the systematic botanist, would 
‘seem almost past belief; but then comes the crux. Good seed is the all 
important factor in producing healthy seedlings, and this, unfortunately, 
from reasons already partially reverted to, is obtainable but in a very 
minute proportion of the whole. Seed we get in profusion, but so little of 
it germinates that the patience of the most persevering is put to a severe 
test. The seeds of hundreds of capsules have been sown without yielding 
a single result. In very many cases only a solitary plant has been raised 
from a capsule that must have contained thousands of seeds ; in very few 
instances indeed has the number of seedlings from one cross reached a 
hundred. It is true that we have raised many seedlings in the aggregate, 
but many of them have appeared when least expected, and when wé 
consider the myriads of seeds that have been sown, and the comparatively 
few plants raised, we cannot be said to have achieved very great success 


SEPTEMBER, 1917 ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. * 205: 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
Hess orks. 


5 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER. Tl 
lek ¥ ) 


HOULD the favourable conditions experienced for the last few weeks- 
continue, the summer temperatures advised in a previous Calendar 
need not be materially changed. September is often a very variable month, 
as a quite genial period may be followed by another of damp, cloudy, and 
unsettled weather, necessitating a considerable modification of treatment so 
as to secure as equable atmospheric conditions inside the houses as- 
possible. Every opportunity should be taken to admit air and light, so as 
to ripen and consolidate the growths, but during dull, cloudy weather a 
considerable reduction in damping down will be necessary. This- 
particularly applies to the Cattleya, Intermediate, and Cool houses, as in 
the warmer divisions a certain amount of atmospheric moisture is- 
indispensable, in order to counteract the influence of artificial heat. Even 
here a continually saturated atmosphere may do much harm, hence the 
necessity of varying the treatment in accordance with the outside 
conditions. It is also important to gradually inure the plants to increased 
sunshine, but it is impossible to make a rule which is applicable to 
every case, because Orchids are grown in almost every district, and the 
outside conditions vary so greatly as regards light and moisture. Careful’ 
observation is necessary in every individual case. 

WaTERINC and SPRAYING must now be done with discretion, as it is- 
quite obvious that the plants in full growth will not take up as much 
moisture in damp cloudy weather as when the outside conditions are clear 
and bright. Individual plants of the same variety vary to a great extent 
in the amount of water they take up. Again too little water is equally 
injurious in-another direction. Plants cannot be successfully cultivated «by 
any rule of thumb methods, hence the necessity of an intelligent observa- 
tion of these small but important matters in our practice. 

During the present month a commencement must be made to place the 
plants in their winter quarters, this giving the opportunity of examining 
every plant, and cleaning and repotting any that require it. The 
periodical examination of the plants is of the greatest importance, especially 
where large numbers and numerous varieties are grown, and even in the 
cleaning and re-arrangement of the plants, method is a great assistance in 
getting this important work done effectually and well. 

CaTTLEYAS, L#LIOCATTLEYAS, and their allies will from now onwards 
give a good account of themselves, and so many of them produce their 
flowers at this season that it is impossible to enumerate them in detail. 
Any that are in need of new rooting material may be repotted whenever they” 


206 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


are about to produce new roots from the base of the pseudobulbs, which will 
occur soon after the flowers are faded. The newly-potted plants must be 
be kept on the dry side until the roots have freely entered the new compost, 
but shrivelling must be avoided by keeping their surroundings fairly moist 
and humid. This family of plants at the present day produces a succession 
of bloom the whole year round, and where flowers are required in large 
quantities there are none to compare with them for general usefulness. 

L2LIA ANCEPS and its varieties are now fast pushing up their flower- 
scapes, and when they attain sufficient length should be neatly staked, to 
prevent them from injury by touching the roof glass or getting broken. 

OncipIvMs also that produce their flower-scapes at this season will need 
attention as regards staking before they attain any great length. Slugs are 
very fond of these young succulent flower-scapes, and must be continually 
watched for, and, of course, destroyed. 

DENDRoBIUMS.—Plants of this genus should be gone through at 
intervals, and those that have completed their growth removed to cooler 
and lighter quarters, as advised last month. The amount of moisture, both | 
at the roots and in the atmosphere, must be considerably reduced, but dry- 
ness at the roots must be strictly guarded against. The resting period of a 
plant is as necessary to its full development as its growing period, and both 
must have proper attention if plants are to be kept in full vigour over a 
series of years. Plants that are still growing should have every inducement 
given them to complete their growth as quickly as possible. This may be 
attained by shutting up the house a little earlier, and exposing them to 
slightly more sun-heat. When their growths are completed they should 
be exposed to plenty of light and air to consolidate them. Sickly plants, I 
am fully convinced, are often due to their being coddled in badly-ventilated 
houses, combined with having too much water during the winter months, 
and not sufficient when well rooted and in full growth, a condition that 
applies to other genera. A fully-developed plant of the very commonest 
species is a delightful object. 

DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM, having finished growing, is about to expand 
its lovely white flowers. It blooms at a season when Orchid flowers are 
scarce, and is doubly valuable on this account, so that it should be grown 
freely wherever its requirements can be satisfied. The treatment required 
at this season is precisely the same as advised for D. Phalznopsis. They 
require plenty of heat, light, and moisture whilst making their growth, and 
a long dry rest in a lower temperature, but they must not be allowed to 
shrivel if the best results are to be attained. The evergreen Dendrobiums, 
as D. Farmeri, thrysiflorum, and others should received a reduced supply 
of water as they complete their growths, but must not be so severely rested 
as the deciduous species of this useful family of plants. 


SEPTEMBER, 1917-]}. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207 


CyPRIPEDIUMS are now pushing up their flower spikes, and these should 
be neatly staked as soon as they attain sufficient length, as it is very 
difficult to get them into position again if allowed to fall over the sides of 
the plant, and get twisted. If properly staked the flowers can all be seen 
to the best advantage. Plants of the summer-flowering section, of which 
there are several very beautiful and desirable varieties, may be repotted 
when they have passed out of bloom, should they require it. The usual 
compost advised for these plants will answer their requirements. 

MILTonIAs.—Plants of Miltonia vexillaria and its hybrids that were not 
repotted last month should be done whenever they reach the desired 
condition. This family now produces its flowers through the greater part 
of the summer, commencing early in April, and’as late as August there is 
still a good show of the later-flowering varieties, so that its general useful- 
ness can be easily seen. 

CALANTHES.—These decorative winter-flowering plants are now in an 
advanced stage of growth, and to secure sound, well-ripened pseudobulbs, 
which produce clear, well-coloured flowers, the plants should be afforded 
plenty of room, so that each may receive its proper share of sunlight. The 
plants should be elevated well up to the roof glass, and only sufficient 
shade should now be given to prevent damage to the foliage and pseudo- 
bulbs. Plarts of the C. Regnieri section, which flower in the spring, are 
only half-way through their growing stage, and should be treated in the 
same way as the others were when in full growth. 

ODoNTOGLossuMs.— Where a large collection of these beautiful Orchids 
are grown there are always some of them in bloom. Those that flowered 
early in the year are now 'making their growths, and the roots from these 
new growths will soon be pushing in all directions, and no time should be 
lost in affording new rooting material to those that require it. This 
-applies particularly to the O. crispum and O. Pescatorei types and their 
innumerable hybrids, also to the Odontiodas, which may be treated in 
precisely the same manner as Odontoglossums. Although individual 
plants may be repotted at any season there is a time when each individual 
suffers less than at any other, and September is undoubtedly the best time 
for the overhauling of these plants. The general conditions of the 
atmosphere is generally conducive to the plants quickly establishing them- 
selves. Plants that are in a dormant condition should not be disturbed 
until their new growths are several inches high. A suitable compost for 
these plants is one consisting of osmunda fibre, Ar fibre, and sphagnum 
moss, in equal proportions, and cut up according to the size of the plants 
to be potted. The pots and everything used should be thoroughly clean, 
the compost made moderately firm, and water applied very sparingly until 
the plants become re-established. The atmosphere must be kept 


208 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917+ 


moderately moist, and fresh air should be admitted on all favourable 
occasions, especially at night. On bright days a slight spraying will also 
be beneficial, and help to check attacks of thrip and other pests. The 
plants should at all times be shaded from strong sunshine. 

PLEIONES.—These charming plants need plenty of light, air, and water 
until the foliage changes colour, when the compost should only be kept 
moist. Soon after the leaves have fallen the flowers of the early-flowering 
varieties will appear, and if kept in a rather cool and dry position, the 
flowers will last for some considerable time. 

VANDA CGRULEA will now be in its beauty, and where a house can be 
devoted to its culture, and the proper conditions made for it, it is a most 
delightful subject. As the’ plants pass out of flower they should be rested 
by the gradual withholding of water, and giving air on all favourable 
opportunities. They require plenty of light at all times. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—The season has so far advanced that we must 
now consider the safe keeping of the plants through the winter months, 
and under our artificial conditions some little forethought is necessary, in 
order that this may be carried out effectually. The roofs of the houses- 
should be made watertight, the heating apparatus efficient, and everything: 
done possible to prevent accidents during the cold winter months. At the 
present time there are some who look upon the cultivation of Orchids as 
extravagant waste, but is there not as much beauty in these flowers as in 
any picture made by human hands? Many years of patient care and toil. 
have been bestowed upon their improvement, and if lost some of them can 
never be replaced. Such views will pass with the return of happier times, 
and every effort should be made to preserve the plants until the present 
horror has passed away. 

AERIDES HYBRIDUM.—This is one of Mr. Dominy’s original hybrids, 
which it has been remarked ‘‘ does not appear to have ever been described, 
and now seems to have been quite lost sight of” (Orch. Rev., i. p. 34). We 
have since found a record of it under the name of Aérides Fieldingii var. 
hybridum (E. Morr. in Belg. Hortic., 1876, p. 287), with the remark that it 
is a hybrid, or more correctly a metis, raised by Mr. Dominyin the estab- 
lishment of Messrs. Veitch, between A. affine and A. Fieldingii, and that 
the flowers have the form of the first-named and the colour of the second. 
A hybridum was enumerated ina list of Mr. Dominy’s hybrids drawn up 
by Mr. Burbidge (Gard. Chron., 1871, p. 44), but we have never discovered 
the date or what became of the plant. There is, however, a short account 
under the name of A. Dominyanum in the sixth edition (1885) of Williams’ 
Orchid-grower's Manual (p. 100), and it may have appeared in some earlier 
edition, which we are unable to consult. 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209 


&| SOCIETIES. | 


RoyaL HorTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on August 14th, when there 
was a moderate display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of three 
medals, and two awards of Merit. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), J. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, F. K. Sander, J. E. Shill, 
J. Charlesworth, Arthur Dye, C. H. Curtis, W. H. White, C. J. Lucas, 
E. R. Ashton, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, and Pantia 
Ralli. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CaTTLEYA ALBION (O’Brieniana alba X Suzanne Hye de Crom).—A 
beautiful albino, most like the former in general character, and having pure 
white flowers of good shape and substance, with a prettily undulate lip, the 
disc of which is clear chrome yellow. The plant bore a two-flowered 
spike, and is not yet fully developed. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & 
Brown. 

CATTLEYA TRIUMPHANS VAR. THE BARON (Rex X Dowiana aurea).—A 
brilliant hybrid, having broad, bright yellow sepals and petals, the latter 
with some rosy veining at the apex, and an ample magenta-crimson lip, 
margined with rose, and closely veined with golden yellow in the throat. 
Exhibited by Mr. J. E. Shill, The Dell Gardens, Englefield Green. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group, 
to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained several showy 
Leliocattleyas, among which we noted the brilliant Lc. George Woodhams 
with six flowers, with forms of Lc. Robin Measures, Thyone, Rhenus, and 
Maqueda, the distinct Cattleya Daviesii, the pure white Miltonia vexillaria 
Queen Alexandra, a well-grown Ornithidium coccineum, Bulbophyllum 
grandiflorum with three flowers, Cypripedium Queen of Italy, C. Germaine 
Opoix, Bella, and memoria Alma Gevaert, a well-grown Odontonia 
brugensis, and a number of good Odontiodas and Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine group of well-grown plants, in which we noted six 
diverse forms of Leliocattleya Appam (Lc. Scylla x C. Dowiana aurea) 
varying greatly in colour, Le. Laura (Le. Scylla x C. Rothschildiana), 
having salmon rose sepals and petals, and a darker zone round the lip, 
with much yellow veining on the disc, good forms of Lc. Hera, Serbia, and 


210 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


others, the handsome Cattleya Dionysius, C. Germania, and several plants 
of C. Hesta, two plants of Maxillaria nigrescens, the best with twenty large 
blackish purple flowers, Odontoglossum amabile splendens with three fine 
spikes, two good O. Rolfez, forms of Odontioda Charlesworthii, Elsie, 
Brewii, Euterpe, and other good things. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal, for a 
good group, including Leliocattleya Soulange var. Britannic (C. Dowiana 
aurea X Lc. Lustre), a large and handsome form, having deep rose sepals 
and petals, and a dark purple lip with a yellow disc, the light green 
Cattleya Leopoldi Sanderz, Brassocattleya Rex (C. Rex X B. Digbyana), 
having whitish sepals and petals and a light yellow, deeply-fringed lip, a 
good plant of Anguloa Cliftonii, Odontonia Aphrodite (M. Warscewiczii Xx 
Odm. Magali-Sander), O. Leelia-Sander, and others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, showed a fine form of Brassocattleya 
Ilene, having light rose flowers, with a yellow disc to the broad, well- 
fringed lip. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent the distinct and rare 
Cattleya Warscewiczii rochellensis, bearing two white flowers with a flush 
of pink round the yellow disc of the lip. 

At the meeting held on August 28th there was a good display of choice 
Orchids, and the awards consisted of one First-class Certificate, three 
Awards of Merit, and three medals. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Arthur Dye, W. H. White, Walter 
Cobb, C. H. Curtis, W. H. Hatcher, T. Armstrong, F. K. Sander, J. E. 
Shill, Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, Sir Harry J. Veitch, J. Charlesworth, and 
F. J. Hanbury. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

BRASSOCATTLEYA LADY VEITCH (parentage unrecorded).—A very fine 
hybrid, somewhat recalling Bc. Ilene in character, the flower being large 
and of excellent shape, and having broad, blush-lilac sepals and petals, the 
latter with some light purple markings near the apex, and the well-fringed 
lip blush-white with a light yellow disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & 
Black. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

CaTTLEYA Mrs. PitT CHARLESWORTH’s VAR. (Harrisoniana X Dowiana 
aurea).—A remarkably dark and richly-coloured variety, the spike bearing 
four flowers, with deep magenta-rose sepals and petals, and the lip purple- 
crimson, with a deep golden yellow disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Charles- 
worth & Co. 

CATTLEYA NAIDIA EXQUISITA (iridescens xX Hardyana).—A__ very 


SEPTEMBER, I917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 211 


beautiful variety, having broad, light salmon-yellow sepals and petals, 
shaded with rose, and the lip dark crimson with an orange-coloured disc. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate. 

L@LIOCATTLEYA CANHAMINOSA GOLDEN FLEECE (Canhamiana xX 
luminosa)-—A brilliant hybrid, bearing a spike of four well-shaped flowers, 
having light yellow sepals and petals, the latter beautifully crisped, and the 
lip freckled with rosy mauve, with golden yellow veining on the disc. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), 
sent Cattleya Astron (Dusseldorfii Undine x Harrisoniana alba, bearing a 
spike of five charming white flowers, C. Capella (Mossiae Wageneri x 
O’Brieniana alba), another pretty albino, and Leliocattleya Golden Queen 
(parentage unrecorded), bearing a three-flowered inflorescence, the sepals 
and petals being buff-orange, and the three-lobed lip magenta-crimson, with 
a very broad front lobe. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine group, including some good examples of Lelio- 
cattleya George Woodhams, and others, Cattleya Iris and the brilliant var. 
majestica, C. Claesiana alba, C. Saturn alba, C. Arlequin (C. Daviesii x 
Hardyana), a richly-coloured hybrid, Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, two 
well-flowered Miltonia St. Andre, Masdevallia Roezlii, Odontioda Charles- 
worthii, Brassocattleyas, and various other good things. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a very fine group, including Leliocattleya Britannia 
Regina (Lc. Canhamiana alba X C. Warscewiczii Frau Melaine Beyrodt), 
a superb form, bearing an infloresence of three large white flowers, with the 
front of the lip bright purple, good forms of Lc. Momus, Laura, Appam, 
Serbia, Hesta, Thyone, and Salonica, Miltonioda Thora (M. Warscewiczii 
xX Oda. Cooksoniz), the charming Odontonia Magali-Sander var. 
xanthotes with a large panicle of light yellow flowers, Cattleya Dowiana 
aurea, C. Gaskelliana alba, a very fine form of Odontoglossum Rolfez, and 
some brilliant forms of Odontioda Brewii, Euterpe, Wilsonii, and others. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
interesting group, including Leliocattleya Irensis perfecta (C. Iris & Lec. 
bletchleyensis), Lc. Longueval (C. Dowiana aurea X Lc. Berthe Fournier), 
very rich ruby purple with yellow veining in the throat, a fine Lc. callis- 
toglossa, Lc. Rodin (C. Warscewiczii x Lc. Antigone), Cattleya Atalanta, 
Wavriniana, and Thurgoodiana, Eria floribunda and rhynchostyloides, 
Brassavola cordata, and a number of other botanical species. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good form of Brassocattleya 
Ilene, with rosy lilac flowers. 


212 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1917. 


Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a small group, including good 
forms of Cattleya Adula and Sybil, Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen 
Alexandra, and a few others. 

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 5th, 
the members of Committee present were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the 
chair), Messrs. D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. R. 
Handley, D. McLeod, J. McNab, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur 
(Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

Dendrobium Dearei superbum, with fine large flowers, and D. Sanderz 
McBean’s var., quite distinct from the type; from Messrs. J. & A. McBean. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Leliocattleya luminosa aurea var. Rossendale (C. Dowiana aurea X L. 
tenebrosa Walton Grange var.) ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Zulu; from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

To Mr. E. Rogers, for Phalznopsis amabilis Rimestadiana, some of 
the spikes carrying over forty flowers and buds. 

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, for Dendrobium Dearei, with fine bulbs, 
carrying a large number of flowers. 

A Large Silver Medal was’ awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a fine group, including Cattleyas in variety, 
conspicuous among them being C. Mossiz Wageneri Baron Schréder, 
Leliocattleya Martinetii var. Ruby, Odontoglossum amabile var. Topaz, O 
Lambeauianum var. Lord Kitchener, O. percultum var. Brunette, Miltonia 
vexillaria Queen Alexandra, M. v. Lambeauiana, and others. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a fine group, including Cattleya Mendelii, C. Gaskelliana, and C. 
Warscewiczii, Leliocattleya Fascinator and Martinetii, Anguloa Cliftonii, 
a fine specimen carrying eight flowers, Dendrochilum latifolium, Thunias, 
Promenea citrina, Maxillaria Sanderiana, and others. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), staged a fine collection 
of Phalenopsis amabilis Rimestadiana (a Cultural Certificate being 
awarded to the gardener), the rare Phalznopsis Sanderiana, and Miltonias 
of the vexillaria section, including the handsome M. v. Lyoth. 

Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged Leliocattleya Martinetii, 
Le. Earl Grey, Lc. Domos, and others, Odontonia Aphrodite, 
Lawrenceana, and Dendrobium illustre. 

Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, staged Odontoglossum crispum 
Prince Edward, O. amabile, O. Seramis, and Miltonia vexillaria magnifica, 


Brassia 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213 


J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law), and Messrs. J. & A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge, staged interesting plants, which appear in the 
above list of awards. 


T is interesting to record that the Ross collection of Orchid drawings 
has been secured for Kew, and an account of the collection appears. in 
a recent issue of the Kew Bulletin, which is here reproduced :— 

Through the kindness of the Bentham Trustees, Kew has acquired a 
valuable collection of Orchid paintings in water colour, made by Mrs. Janet 
Ross, widow of the late H. ]. Ross, Esq., Poggio Gherardo, Florence, 
Italy, formerly of Castagnolo, between Pisa and Florence. Mr. Ross, who 
was an ardent collector of Orchids, was for many years a correspondent 
of Prof. H. G. Reichenbach, of Hamburg, and as many of the drawings 
were made by Mrs. Ross from materials authenticated by the latter, they 
possess a historical value in addition to their artistic merit. They also 
correspond in a good many cases with materials preserved at Kew, for after 
Reichenbach’s death, in 1889, Mr. Ross sent much valuable material to 
Kew. The drawings are about 750 in number, and are very faithfully 
executed. They represent for the most part such species as can be grown 
in Florence, and include a good many from Upper Burma, which were 
brought home by a friend from Mandalay, and formed the nucleus of the 
collection. Others were subsequently added, until the collection became 
one of the finest in Italy, numbering nearly one thousand species. Florence 
is too hot in summer for the cooler-growing species of the American 
Cordilleras, though some of them are represented in the collection, drawn 
from plants introduced by Mr. Ross, which generally flowered once and 
then rapidly deteriorated and died. 

Among drawings of the original type specimens in the collection may 
be mentioned, Coelogyne Rossiana, Rchb. f., a Burmese species that 
flowered in the collection in 1884; Paphinia cristata var. Modigliani, Rchb. 
f. (Lindenia, t. 117), an albino of a highly-coloured species ; Dendrobium 
strebloceras var. Rossianum (Lindenia, t. 124), another albino; Peristeria 
Rossiana, Rchb. f., a species of doubtful origin that flowered in 1889 ; 
Cycnoches Rossianum, Rolfe, a Central American species which produced 
a raceme of male flowers in 1889, and, shortly afterwards, the large solitary 
female flower on the same plant; and Lycaste Rossiana, Rolfe, another 
Central American plant. Probably the most interesting drawing in the 
collection is one of Cycnoches Warscewiczii, Rchb. f., representing an 
inflorescence with five female flowers at the base, and over a dozen of the 


THE ROSS ORCHID DRAWINGS. Eee] 


214 : THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1917, 


much smaller and very different males above. The actual specimen was 
sent to Kew by Mr. Ross, and is preserved in the Herbarium. Its history 
is given in the Orchid Review, iii. p. 263. There are also paintings of four 
very diverse forms of Lycaste Janet, a hybrid between the orange-yellow - 
L. Rossiana and the rose-coloured L. Skinneri, Lindl., showing an amount 
of segregation of character that is very rarely seen among primary hybrids. 
Another series shows a remarkable case of hybrid sporting in the dark 
purple-brown Cypripedium Dauthieri, a hybrid between C. barbatum and 
C. villosum. This first produced a sport irregularly striped and banded 
with purple-brown and green, which Reichenbach called var. Rossianum, 
and another harlequin-coloured sport, half greenish-yellow and _ half 
chestnut that was called var. Janet Ross, while still later a greenish-yellow 
form appeared which was called var. Poggio Gherardo, a change that may 
be roughly compared with an elimination of the purple colour of C. 
villosum, but retaining the hybrid character in other respects. The 
collection forms a valuable accession to the Herbarium. 

It may be added that an account of the early life of Mr. Ross is given 
in a work entitled Letters from the East, by Henry James Ross, 1837 to 
1857, and a Biographical notice in Orchid Review, x. pp. 282-284, while an 
account of the collection as it was preserved by Mrs. Ross is given in 
Orchid Review, xix. pp. 202-205, and of the garden generally in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1912 (May 11th, p. 345). R 


a . raise 
(ame ORCHIDISTS’ GOLDEN WEDDINGS. RS 


HREE of our esteemed correspondents have just celebrated their 
Golden Wedding, and our readers will join us in offering ouf 
heartiest congratulations, and in the expression of the hope that they may 
be spared to see the anniversary of the day on many more occasions :— 
Dr. and Mrs. RUDOLPH SCHIFFMAN, of. Grand View, Pasadena, 
California, as we learn from the Pasadena Star News, was married on July 
26, 1867, and have lived happily through varied experiences which twelve a 
years ago brought them to their present residence. Three generations of 
the Schiffman family and many friends. were present at the celebration, 
and Dr. Schiffman drew liberally upon his fine Orchid collection t0 
decorate the house on the festive occasion, the result being a centre-piece 
of Orchids and ferns of exquisite loveliness upon the dinner table, which 
called forth many exclamations of admiration. Dr. Schiffman is the 
possessor of a very beautiful garden, designed by himself, and the nucleus 
of his fine Orchid collection dates back as long as fifty years. All his life 
he has been a great lover of nature, and a good many of his Orchids aré of 


SEPTEMBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205 


his own collecting. Dr. Schiffman’s gardener is now Mr. Henry +, 
Clinkaberry, another old friend of the Review, and in sending the news- 
paper cutting, which includes portraits of the Dr. and Mrs. Schiffman, 
' he remarks: ‘‘ Both are yet young, and the Doctor is the possessor of a 
very good Orchid collection, rich in Cattleyas, Lelias and their hybrids, 
not forgetting a good selection of Brassocattleyas and Brassolzlias hybrids, 
besides many home-raised seedlings. To-day (August rst) the Doctor 
personally selected the site for a further addition to his Orchid houses. 
Mr. Clinkaberry also sends a description of a fine Lzliocattleya raised in 
the collection :— 

LALIOCATTLEYA BRASSEUR-HYE VaR. GOLDEN WEDDING (Lc. 
Aphrodite var. Eudora X C. Warscewiczii). Sepals and petals warm 
rosy mauve, beautifully frilled. Lip rich crimson-purple, mottled with 
deep mauve, 24 inches across, wonderfully frilled, and the tube bright 
golden yellow, extending in fine lines well to the front, over which are 30 
to 40 deep maroon lines. Column pure white, which accentuates much 
the lovely throat of the lip, showing off the lines in the tube to a remark- 
able degree. The influence of each parent species is observable in this 
beautiful hybrid, and the fringe of the lip is unusually pronounced, more so 
than in any other with which I am acquainted, and rivalling the best type 
of C. Mendelii of many years ago, collected, I believe, by Millican. The 
flower measures seven inches in diameter, and has a very distinct and 
refined appearance. The hybrid fittingly commemorates the Golden 
Wedding of Dr. and Mrs. Schiffman, and also fifty years by the Doctor as 
a grower of Orchids. 

Str Harry and Lapy VEITcH celebrated their Golden Wedding on 
Monday August 6th, and Orchidists will join us in hearty congratulations, 
as Sir Harry’s services to Horticulture and Orchidology are universally 
known and appreciated. A card, containing the portraits of Sir Harry and 
Lady Veitch, was issued in commemoration of the event, and a cheque for 
£500 has been forwarded to the Gardener’s Benevolent Institution as a 
thank-offering, a similar amount having been given to the funds of the 
Institution in 1892, in commemoration of their Silver Wedding. 

Sir FRANK and Lapy Crisp, Friar Park, Henley-on-Thames, have just 
celebrated their Golden Wedding, and by way of commemorating the event 
they entertained at Friar Park all the inmates of the Poor-law Institution, 
and Lady Crisp presented to St. Mary’s Church, Henley, a silver-gilt 
chalice. Sir Frank Crisp is the genial President of the Horticultural Club, 
and his garden and unique rock-work at Friar Park are widely known. He 
is also the possessor of a good collection of Orchids, and on rare occasions 
has appeared as an exhibitor. We may also recall that the chaste Orchis 
maculata alba flgured at p. 200 of our last volumne was grown by him. 


216 . THE ORCHID REVIEW. |SEPTEMBER, 191), 


ql 


WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the | 
London Scottish Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during 
September, on the 11th and 25th. The Orchid Committee will meet at 
11.45 a.m. The following meeting of the Committee is fixed for October 
23rd, as the meeting a fortnight earlier will be a special exhibition of 
British-grown fruits, no other exhibits being eligible. 


ee ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 6th and 2oth. 
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection 
from 1 to 4 p.m. The following meeting is fixed for October 4th. 


The protests so widely raised against the suspension of the Kew Bulletin 
as a war economy have been effective. The matter has been considered by 
the Select Committee on Publications and State Reports, who have 
recommended the resumption of its publication, and the first number for 
1917 has accordingly appeared. There are two papers relating to Orchids; 
a Decade of New Orchids, and an account of the Ross Collection of Orchid 
Drawings, which has been secured for Kew. Both of them are dealt with 
on other pages of our present issue. 


| mae ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 


[Orchids are named 0 uestions answered — as Life oe a hae Correspondents aré 
reque a i to oe the native country or parentage of pla. An ADDRESSED fostcard must be 
sent if a reply by post is daivel (abroad, is Postoaris pie ri wad 5% Subjects of special 
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work]. 


F.W.M.—Some confusion in the record is suspected, as the two combinations 
mentioned are too recent for a cross between them to have reached the flowering stage. 
The second oud mentioned, however, seems to represent the actual parentage. 


N.N.&.—No further additions have yet been published. 


F.M.H.—Many thanks for the offer of pollen. We only know of one hybrid from 
Promenza stapelioides, namely P. Crawshayana (0.R. ) Xili. p. 222). 


J.R.—Both the letters mentioned failed to reach us. 


E.W.T.—The Odontoglossum Pescatorei characters are very marked, possibly coming 
through O. excellens, as suggested. The other parent must have been somethin ng dark, 
and with more aeawated ti Lei but we fail to recognise it. 1s it not possible to trace 
the recor 


J.H.—The names and affinities of these Orchid fungi are, we believe, unknown, 


because they cannot be got to fruit. They can be isolated and grown separately under 
suitable treatment. 


Bye SEE 


or ae 
The Orchid Review 4 
on VOL...xav. 3 OcTosper, 1917. No. 298. : 3 


(ee OUR NOTE BOOK. are) 


OME interesting questions relating to hybrids have been accumulating, 
and one of them is the best way of dealing with the numerous hybrids. 
of unknown or unrecorded parentage. The most practical course we can 
suggest is to fit them into their proper places as nearly as possible by 
comparison with existing hybrids of known parentage. The majority, we 
believe, are stray seedlings from batches of known parentage,"’ though there 
are others that are distinct of which the record has been lost, perhaps in a 
few cases never put down in black and white, and memory is proverbially 
fickle. Another cause of error on which a correspondent lays some 
emphasis is the accidental misplacing of labels during potting operations ; 
but this is by no means limited to hybrids. A useful means of preventing 
the latter confusion is to have a number of small strips of lead stamped 
with a series of running numbers, corresponding to a numbered Catalogue 
in which the names are written. These lead strips are easily clipped round 
the rim of the pot, and thus are less liable to be misplaced. In some 
collections all the plants are numbered in this way, in preference to having 
the name of each plant written on a separate label, and the Catalogue is 
kept in some handy place for a quick reference when required. The history 
of the plant can also be recorded with the name, and we have seen the 
system adopted with much success, both with established plants and hybrid 


seedlings. 


Of course, it is essential that the Catalogue should not get astray, or 
the numbers would be useless, and this recalls a batch of numbered 
seedlings that were pointed out to us some time ago. They had been 
purchased ata sale in the belief that the crosses were good, but no trace of 
a Catalogue was forthcoming, and some of them ultimately gave a great 
deal of trouble on reaching the flowering stage, for the owner likes to have 
his plants correctly named, a thing which is not always possible in such 
cases. In establishments where progressive hybridisation is carried on as a 
business, a very methodical system of recording by means of numbers is- 
adopted, but even here stray seedlings occur, though on flowering it is often 

217 


218 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {OcTopER, 1917. 


possible to trace the batch to which they belong by means of 
characters, in spite of the polymorphism seen among secondary hybrid 
complex parentage. The knowledge of the crosses that have been 
renders this possible, but without any record whatever, as in a good 
cases submitted to us, the task becomes difficult, and sometimes impossibl: 
ales if * 
Acting on the assumption that these stray seedlings are generally forn 
of existing hybrids, we think that they should be referred to the hybri 
they most resemble, a varietal name being added in cases of merit. This, 
we think, would be preferable to giving a separate name, and adding 
‘“ parentage unrecorded,” as is so often done, for the latter course implies that 
they are at least new, though of unknown parentage. The well-known 
polymorphism of secondary hybrids has to be taken into consideration in 
dealing with these aberrant forms. The origin of such as are.really distinct 
may sometimes be made out by comparison, and in any case is likely to be 
traced when other seedlings flower. 


With respect to the hybrid described on page 215, we are reminded that 
the name was originally Madame (or Mme.) Brasseur Hye, and that in its 
abbreviated form it would occupy a different place in the alphabetical 
arrangement. The fact was not overlooked, but the charge did not 
originate with us, for we have already a Leliocattleya Brasseur-Hye vat. 
Wilps, to which the same objection—if there is one—applies. It is the 
old question of a bad start ; of a specific name not in accordance with the 
rules. A specific name should consist of a single word, an exception being 
made where two words can be written as one by the addition of a hyphen. 
A varietal name can then be added euphoniously. The varietal name does 

. not matter, because there is nothing more to add. But we have specific 
names consisting of four and five words, and in such cases something 15 
sure to drop out, and entirely without reference to alphabetical position. 
Uhere is a Leeliocattleya that has been variously called ‘‘ The Hon. Mrs. 
Astor” (indexed under T.), ‘* Hon. Mrs. Astor” (under H.), “‘ Mrs. Astor” 
(under M.), and “ Astoria” (under A.), and as a specific name the last 
alone has the sanction of the rules, and is the only one to which a varietal , 
name can be added euphoniously. The case is not comparable with that of : 
florists’ flowers, where the specific name can be understood. Hybrid — 
Orchids are far too numerous, and the omission of the specific names would 
lead to endless confusion. 


The majority of specific names are already in accordance with the rule, 
and its utility is generally admitted, but we think that it ‘should be applied 
without exception, limiting florists’ names to varieties. . 


OcTOBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219 


————— 
Fea PROFESSOR H. G, REICHENBACH. Ba 
eo \< 


| issue for April last contained (pp. 75-79) an account of the Orchid 

work of the late Dr. John Lindley ; in the present one we propose to 
speak of that of his successor, Prof. H. G. Reichenbach, of Hamburg, who, 
during a period of nearly forty years, described such an enormous number 
of novelties, and whose final act of sealing up his Herbarium for a quarter 
of a century has already been dealt with very fully (see O.R., xxi. pp. 
273-278, 299-301; XxXll. pp. 125-130, 206-207). 

Reichenbach commenced his study of the family with the European 
Orchids, his first work, entitled ‘‘ Tentamen Orchidographia Europee,” 
appearing in 1851, being one of the volumes of his father’s great work, the 
Flora Germanica. This he both wrote and illustrated, and in the preface 
he remarked that for ten years he had devoted himself to their study, so 
that he must have commenced as a boy of eighteen, for he was born on 
January 3rd, 1823. The work occupies a quarto volume, and is dedicated 
to Sir William Hooker, Dr. Frederick Klotzsch, and Dr. John Lindley. 

His earliest published paper was an account of the Mexican Orchids 
collected by Liebold, which appear in Linnea, in 1844, in which several 
new species were described. This was soon followed by a series of papers 
entitled ‘‘ Orchidographische Beitrage,’’ which appeared in the succeeding 
and three later volumes of the same serial publication. In it many new 
Orchids were described from various sources. In 1849 he also published 
in Linnea an account of a set of Tropical American Orchids from Dr. F. 
Klotzsch, these having been obtained by various collectors. 

In 1852 he published, in the Botanische Zeitung, a series of five papers 
entitled ‘“‘ Gartenorchideen, this being preceded by four short papers on 
other Orchids. A few of the plants are recorded as from Continental 
collections, but the majority appear to have been described from dried 
specimens. In the same volume we find a set of three papers, entitled 
““Neue Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warsczewicz,” the 
plants being chiefly Central American. Here, it may be noted, was 
described the handsome Odontoglossum chiriquense, which was figured at 
page 177 of our last volume. 

In 1852 also appeared his essay on the Origin and Structure of Orchid 
pollen, this being illustrated by two plates. It includes a brief sketch of the 
tribes of Orchids, and a short paper on Catasetum and Cycnochés. 

Soon afterwards commenced a series of papers in Bonplandia, dealing 
mostly with collections of dried Orchids. In 1854 appeared papers on the 
Orchids collected by Wagener in Venezuela, an additional series from 


220 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1917. 


Warscewicz, and a collection from Schlim, all containing descripticis é 
numerous novelties obtained by these collectors during their travels itl the 
Andes. In the following year we find papers on some Ecuadorean Orchids 
collected by Jameson, and some from Hong Kong by Hance and Secianindy 
with a paper entitled ‘‘ Notule Orchidacez,” in which various cultivate 
Orchids were described. There were also two or three short. papers. 
1856 appeared papers on the Peruvian Orchids of Ruiz & Pavon, th 
Mexican ones of Mirandola, and a longish paper bearing the whimsical title 
of ‘*Stipule Orchidacez MReichenbachiane intra Folia Lindleyana 
intraaxillares,”” whose character is indicated by the title. A year later came 
a paper on Zollinger’s Javan Orchids. In these several papers a large: 
number of novelties were described. 

In 1854 Reichenbach commenced his Xenia Orchidacea, a quarto work’ 
devoted to the description and illustration of Orchids in general. This 
appeared in parts, at intervals, the first volume being completed in 1858, 
and it continued down to 1883, when a third part of volume iii. appeared. 
Some of the plates are partly coloured, but the majority are in black and 
white, and some of the sketches are rather diagrammatic. 

At the same time short papers were appearing in various works, and one 
in the Botanische Zeitung for 1862, is interesting as containing species from: 
British collections, namely, Cypripedium Dayanum from Mr. John Day, of 
Tottenham, and Phalenopsis Lowii, Dendrobium Bullenianum, D. 
Draconis, and a few others from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. In the 
following year we find Dendrobium Parishii from Messrs. Hugh Low 
& Co. and Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum from Mr. Day. In 1864 we find 
Odontoglossum Warnerianum and O. leucomelas from the collection of 
Mr. Robert Warner, of Chelmsford, in addition to some from the previously- 
mentioned contributors. 

In 1865 appeared the earliest contribution to an English journal that we 
know of, for the Journal of Botany for that year opened with an account of 
** Neotinea intacta, the new Irish Orchid,” the paper being illustrated by a 
partly-coloured plate. The announcement that the plant had been 
discovered in County Galway by Miss More had been made a few miOnEny 
earlier, and Reichenbach remarked: “ This was a great botanical surprise,” 
the species being chiefly a native of the countries bordering on the 
Mediterranean. The paper dealt with its structure and distribution. 

In 1865 we also find, in the Botanische Zeitung, a paper on “ Zwei neue. 
Phalenopsis.” The species were P. Lueddemanniana and P. Parishii, and 
the paper was written from Kew, and dated April 26, 1865. It was in this: 
year that Reichenbach’s long connection with the Gardeners’ Chronicle 
began, the earliest contribution that we find being in the issue for May 6th, 
the date of his death 24 years later. It related to the two species of- 


OcToBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 221 


Pha.enopsis just mentioned. From the time of Lindley’s death he became 
a reg.lar contributor, the connection being continued down to May, 1889, 
4ehen he also joined the great majority. What this means can best be 
judged when we recall the fact that it was.a period of unexampled activity, 
when importations were literally pouring in, most of them containing 
novelties which, as they flowered, had to be named, classified, and 
described, so that the information might be available to all whom it might 
concern. And it has been remarked as curious that although this great 
activity was largely British, no one here was found competent or willing to 
continue the work so long carried on by the illustrious Lindley, and the 
materials had to be transmitted to Hamburg, with results that have been 
seen in the tragic sequel. 

Reichenbach contributed the account of the Orchidacee to the sixth 
volume of Walper’s Annales, which appeared between 1861 and 1865. It 
was mainly a compilation of his own and Lindley’s descriptions, published 
after the latter’s Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. It, incorporated 
very freely the keys to the species given in Lindley’s Folia Orchidacea, 
and also his notes, the original part of the work chiefly consisting in the 
reduction of numerous genera, a point to be considered presently. 

One can only mention a few of Reichenbach’s papers, which were very 
numerous, upwards of eighty being enumerated in the Royal Society’s 
Catalogue of Scientific Papers. Among the later ones, however, we may 
mention accounts of the Orchids collected in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch, in 
Assam by Gustav Mann, in Moulmein by Parish, and in the Andes by 
Roezl, Wallis, and others, the sources of these and other papers being the 
publications Flora, Linnea, the Hamburg Garten-Zeitung, the Transactions 
of the Linnean Society, and others. Nor must we omit that he worked 
up the Orchids for Seeman’s Flora Vitiensis and for the Botany of the 
Herald. 

There remain a few independent works. His Beitrage zu einer 
Orchideenkunde Central America’s appeared in 1866, and contained accounts 
of the Orchids collected by Warscewizc, CErsted, Wendland, and Hoffmann, 
all containing many novelties, some of which were illustrated in a series of 
ten plates. Two years later came his Bettrage zur Orchideankunde, giving 
an account of a monster of Selenipedium caudatum, and of the genera 
Aganisia and Saundersia, all being illustrated. In 1871 appeared his 
Beitrage Systematische Pflanzenkunde, containing an account of the 
Australian Orchids collected by Robert Brown and others, this being 
dedicated to George Bentham. 

Lastly we have his Otia botanica Hamburgensia, which appeared in two 
parts, in 1878 and 1881. This contained an account of the Orchids 
collected in Ecuador by Lehmann, in Cambodia by Godefroy Lebeuf, in 


222 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Octoper, 1917. 


Burma by Parish, in Polynesia by Wilkes, in Africa by Schweinfurth,: 
Africa and the Comora Islands by Hildebrand, in Brazil by Warming, 
a miscellaneous African collection received from Kew. 


good many of which are well known from garden specimens, 
dried, from figures, or from duplicate types. But in many other cases 


description. An extract from an Obituary notice which appeared in , 
Proceedings of the Linnean Society, written before the fate of the Herbarium 
was known, will illustrate this point. 

“Reichenbach has been the sponsor of an innumerable host of new 
species, varieties, and hybrids; every scrap or drawing or memorandum 
was carefully hoarded for his herbarium. T his, therefore, has become the 
key to his life-long labours, and the destination of it will be eagerly awaited; 
a careful working of it by. competent ‘hands will be needed to clear up the 
many puzzles in his descriptions, which of late years had assumed an 
esoteric character, presuming on an almost equal knowledge of plants to 
that possessed by the author. The state of his herbarium is also quite 
unktown, for during long years past no botanist has been permitted to have 
even a glimpse at it.” 

A subsequent experience of over a quarter of a century amply confirms 
these remarks, for it is quite impossible to make out what was intended by 
some of these descriptions. An example will illustrate this point. What is 
Brassia arcuigera? We turn up the description, and find as follows :— 

“ BRASSIA ARCUIGERA, sp. n.—Bracteis triangulis ochreatis acutis ovaria ~ 
pedicellata longe non equantibus ; sepalis linearibus acuminatis, labello 
paulo longioribus; tepalis subeequalibus brevioribus; labello oblongo 
pandurato aristato, lamellis in basi semioblongis geminis intus papillosis, 
antice utrinque in arcum extrorsum excedentibus ; columna basi ampliata.” 

“One of the Peruvian introductions of Messrs. Veitch. It is in the way 
of Brassia Lanceana, but the flowers are smaller.—H. G. Rcup. FIL.” 

Dimensions, so important a 
by their absence—this, indeed 
work—and the hopelessness o 
Peruvian Brassias is increased 


part in such descriptions, are conspicuous 
, 1s characteristic of much of Reichenbach’s ‘ 
f attempting to identify the plant among 
by the fact that such characters as are given 
apply equally well to other species of the genus, as may quickly be found if 
any one cares to test the question by comparison. The description may oF 
may not be good, as far as it goes, but it is inadequate, and although this 
would not so much matter if the original specimen could be consulted, it 
becomes exasperatingly obvious when one has a Peruvian Brassia to name 
and finds the original specimen sealed against him for a quarter of 2 


OcToBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223 


century. The law of priority forbids the imposition of a new name, but it 
is an abuse to extend its protection to such cases, for the intention to 
paralyse future work by sealing up his Herbarium was deliberate and 
calculated. ‘‘ He was jealous to excess of any supposed encroachment on 
his special preserve; his treatment of the same was characteristic,” 
remarks the obituary notice above-mentioned. It was that, but one never 
expected to see it carried to posthumous lengths. 

The systematic value of Reichenbach’s work is difficult to estimate, as 
so many of his species are still unknown, but he had some curious ideas as 
to generic distinctions. For instance, in Walper’s Annales he reduced 
Cattleya to Epidendrum, while Lelia, Brassavola and Schomburgkia were 
made synonymous with Bletia. Yet the closely allied Sophronitis was kept 
distinct. Brassia was merged in Oncidium, and Aspasia and Gomeza in 
Odontoglossum, while Bollea, Pescatorea, Warscewiczella, Kefersteinia, 
Promenza, and Huntleya were all transferred to Zygopetalum, which thus 
became a large polymorphic aggregate. Otochilus and Pholidota were also 
reduced to Ccelogyne, Oberonia to Malaxis, and Megaclinium to 
Bulbophyllum. 

The difficulty of understanding his system was expressed by Bentham 
when working up the Orchids for the Genera Plantarum, for in a preliminary 
essay, after a highly complimentary reference to Reichenbach’s work and 
competence, he remarked: “‘ In his numerous publications he has proposed, 


- modified, combined, or suppressed a large number of genera ; but he has 


nowhere as yet given any synopsis of contrasted characters so as to give a 
clue to the principles upon which he would limit the tribes and genera he 
would adopt. . . . He appears, for instance, generally to rely upon 
floral characters, to the exclusion of vegetative ones, more on the absolute 
number than on the form and arrangement of the pollen masses, and often 
to attach much more importance to the calli, lobes, and appendages of the 
labellum and column than I should do in respect of genera. I trust, how- 
ever, he may yet give us a clue to his systematic views in time for use in 
the new part of our Genera Plantanum now in preparation.” 

But the invitation was never accepted; on the contrary it is on record 
that Reichenbach felt aggrieved by the remarks, and that when the work 
appeared he indeed projected a series of criticisms in the Journal of Botany 
about Mr. Bentham’s Monograph, stipulating that he was not to be fettered 
in the expression of his opinion. ‘The project, however, was never carried 
into effect. Perhaps a simpler and more drastic method was adopted 
of dealing with those who ventured within the precincts of his sacred 
preserves. At all events the following MSS. note appears in the Kew copy 
of the Journal of Botany containing the obituary notice and that of the 
disposal of his Herbarium: ‘‘ Reichenbach told me more than once that 


224 THE ORCHID REVIEW. —— (Octonen, 1g. 


his collections would go to Kew; but latterly he was strongly prejudj 
against those who had taken up the study of Orchids in this coun 
W.B.H.” 
Here stands revealed the crime in all its full enormity. In a coun 
where Orchids had been grown to a greater extent than in any other, som 
person or persons had dared to study them. It mattered not that it was} 
country that had facilated his own researches in every possible way, 
from which he had received every kindness from the hands of his illustrious _ 
predecessor, from Kew, and from practically the whole Orchid industry, 
and from which indeed the bulk of the materials in his possession had been 
obtained ; the naked fact stood revealed—they had invaded the secret 
preserves, and the full penalty of excommunication should be effected. 


Pp 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CARINIFERUM, Rchb. f-—This distinct Central 
American Odontoglossum, which has become very rare in cultivation, 
affords an example of how a name may sometimes go wrong, for it is the 
plant figured at t. 4919 of the Botanical Magazine as O. hastiferum var. 
fuscatum, Hook., and in looking through an old collection the other day 
we found it. still doing duty under the wrong name. This plant is 
said to have been collected in Venezuela by Mr. Birschell, and flowered 
with Messrs. Jackson & Sons, Kingston Nursery, in March, 1856. It is 
added : “It proves to be a variety of the Odontoglossum figured by us at 
tab. 4272, the O. hastiferum of Dr. Lindley, with the sepals and petals of a 
uniform brown colour in the inside, instead of being green with transverse 
brown lines.” But a glance at the very characteristic lip will show its 
identity with O. cariniferum, Rchb. f., a species discovered at Chiriqui, by 
Warscewicz, in 1848, and discribed some four years later (Bot. Zeit., 1852, 
Pp. 638). Reichenbach afterwards remarked: ‘‘ There is scarcely a doubt 
that the information obtained from Mr. Jackson was erroneous. The 
specimen came from that surprising sale of Mr. Bridges, April, 1856, and 
the plant, indeed, was living, and not a bad one.” When the species first 
flowered in this country is uncertain, but there is a garden specimen in 
Lindley’s Herbarium, with a painting of a single flower, labelled ‘“ Hort. 
Leach,” but it is undated. At all events the species remained rare until 
1870, when Messrs. Veitch received a small importation from Costa Rica, 
where it is said to occur in the forest on the mountain slopes faciag the 
Pacific, growing on the tops of trees in company with O. CErstedii and O. 
Schlieperianum, And Mr, Day, who purchased some plants from an 
importation sold at Stevens’ in March, 1870, and who figured it in March, 
1871 (Orch. Draw., xiii. t. 29, 32), added that the importation contained 
also Pescatorea cerina, Trichopilia coccinea, and Oncidium cheirophorum. 
We do not remember any recent importation of Chiriqui Orchids.—R.A.R. 


OcYoBER, 1917 | TILE -ORCHID REVIEW. 225 


KISS GARTTLEVA FARIA. Ras 


"{oeleteaas Fabia, the fine hybrid between C. labiata and C. Dowiana 
aurea, is one of the most brilliant Cattleyas in existence, and the way 


it brightens up our collections during the autumn months, and the 
frequency with which it appears upon the exhibition stand, is a testimony 
to its high decorative value. It was originally raised by Messrs. James 
Veitch & Sons, flowering for the first time in November, 1894, when it 


Fig. 26. CATTLEYA FABIA VAR. SUNSET. 


received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. The cross has been many 
times repeated, the variety Sunset, here figured, from the collection of 
Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., is a fine, rose-coloured form, 
and is remarkable for the large amount of buff yellow in the throat of the 
lip. It received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in November, 1gt2, 
when a similar Award went to the variety gloriosa, which is equally 


226 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1917 


remarkable for its more brilliant colour. The occasion was the great show 
of autumn-blooming Orchids, and no fewer than fifty plants of C. Fabia 
were exhibited, bearing an aggregate of over 260 flowers. The two varieties” 
came from two different crosses, and are marked by the differences just 
pointed out. The most brilliantly-coloured variety that we remember is 
Vigeriana, raised by M. Ch. Maron, in which the peculiar saturated colour 
of C. labiata flammea (which was the pollen parent) persists. It is 
figured at p. 89 of our sixteenth volume. At the other end of the series is 
the variety alba, having white sepals and petals, and a richly-coloured lip, 
the white denoting the influence of C. labiata alba. 

Such a brilliant hybrid was naturally soon in request as a parent, and at 
the present time we find that it has been re-crossed with both its original 
parents, with five other species of the labiata group, with ten hybrid 
Cattleyas, including the natural hyorid C. Hardyana, and with C. velutina. 
Outside the limits of the genus we find combinations with Lelia pumila’ 
Brassavola Digbyana, a dozen Leliocattleyas, four Brassocattleyas, two 
Sophrocattleyas, one Sophrolelia, and three Sophrocatlezlias, with others to 
follow. A comparison of the whole series would be interesting. 


—— 


Cae 
ORE 


a 


i 
PHAL/ENOPSIS GERSENII. a 


i FORTUNATE circumstance has led to the recovery of an important 
type drawing, including an interesting Phalenopsis that has been 
completely lost sight of. In 1862 a Phalenopsis was described under 
the name of P. zebrina var. Gerseni (Teijsm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdschr. 
Nederl. Ind., xxiv. p. 320), but it now proves to be quite distinct. The 
circumstances of its recovery are interesting. There is a drawing in the 
Kew collection of Illigera pulchra, Blume, a Malayan climbing shrub, 
which is localised, ‘‘ Banca, Binnendijk.” A _ reference to this drawing had 
to be made, when it was noticed that there was a painting on the reverse 
side of the paper, which proved to be three single flowers of Phalznopsis. 
The names had been added by Sir J. D. Hooker, and on reference to the 
Hooker correspondence a letter was found, from M. J. Binnendijk, dated 
May Ist, 1861, in which it is remarked: “ Inclosed I send you a sketch of 
three Phalznopsis flowers, n. 1. Ph. zebrina, n. 2, Ph. z. var. Gerseni, and 
n. 3, Ph. violacea, of which there is another variety with white flowers, all 
of which may be of great value to amateurs.” The others mentioned were 
described at the same time, but P. zebrina afterwards proved synonymous 
with P. sumatrana, Rchb. f., and P. violacea had been described just 
previously by Reichenbach under the same name. The paintings are 
most carefully done, and quite life-like, and the interesting point is that th¢ 


Se 


OctopeER, 1917-.] THE ORCHID REVIEW 227 


so-called var. Gerseni is exactly intermediate between the other two, and is. 
clearly a natural hybrid between them. Coming to the history of the 
plants, we find that both P. zebrina and P. violacea were collected at 
Moeara Enim, in the Province of Palembang, the former by Gersen and 
the latter by Teijsmann. The var. Gerseni is said to have the habit of P. 
zebrina, but to differ in having the segments striped with violet and spotted 
with the same colour at the apex. The habitat is not mentioned, but it 
was presumably collected by Gersen with P. zebrina. There is also 
described a P. zebrina var. lilacina, said to have been collected by Th. 
Lobb, with transverse lilac lines on the lateral sepals, and the front lobe of 
the lip lilac; characters belonging rather to P. violacea than to P. zebrina, 
hence the suspicion that this may be another form of the same hybrid. P. 
violacea var. alba is also described (/.c., b. 221), and is said to differ from 
the type only in having white flowers tipped with green. And there 
is one other Phalzenopsis, namely, P. bella-(/.c., p. 321), found in woods at 
the foot of Mt. Salak, by Teijsmann, and this evidently: agrees with P. 
Hebe, Rchb. f., the plant now known as Kingiella Hebe, Rolfe (see p. 197). 

One natural hybrid of P. violacea has long been known, namely, P. 
Valentinii, Rchb. f., of which P. cornu-cervi is the other parent—and this,. 
according to Mr. Ridley, also occurs in the Malay Peninsula, where the 
two species grow together. The occurrence of a second one is interesting, 
and it is curious that the status of the plant should have remained 
unsuspected for so many years.—R.A.R. 


Oncip1umM Forsesit.—The Oncidiums of the O. crispum group, whem 
well-grown, are very effective autumn-flowering plants, and O. Forbesii, of 
which we have some fine flowers from the collection of William Bolton, 
Esq., Wilderspool, Warrington, is one of the best. Its handsome flowers 
are of a glossy reddish brown, with a broad irregular yellow margin, and 
on strong plants are produced very freely, in graceful sprays. The species 
isanative of Brazil, and originally flowered in the collection of the Duke of 
Bedford, at Woburn, in 1837, and was named in compliment to Mr. 
Forbes, who had charge of the collection, and was one of the most skilful 
growers of his day. It is figured at t. 3705 of the Botanical Magazine. It 
succeeds well suspended in a light position in the Intermediate house. 

CATTLEYA ARIADNE.—A flower of this pretty hybrid between Cattleya 
labiata and C. dolosa comes from the collection of F. J. Hanbury, Esq., 
Brockhurst, East Grinstead, It is from a seedling raised in the collection, 
and combines well the characters of the two species. The plant is of dwarf 
habit, the flower fairly intermediate in size and shape, and the colour bright 
purple, with a little yellow in the throat. 


-228 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1917. 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, 
essle, FE. Vorks, 


E may now at any time expect frost, cold nights, or wet sunless days, 
VY and we shall therefore have to rely on the heating apparatus to 
maintain the temperatures in the different departments. October is often. 
a very changeable month, and much attention is necessary to meet the 
falls in the temperature of the external air, so that the evil effects to the 
plants from fluctuations may be avoided. 

TEMPERATURES.—After a season like the present it is advisable to reduce 
the temperatures of the different departments gradually down to the winter 
figures, which should run as follows :— 

Fast Indian or Warm house, 65° to 70°. 

Cattleya and Mexican house, 60° to 65" 

Intermediate house, 58° to 62°. 

Odontoglossum house, 55° to 60°. 

A resting house, where a dry atmosphere is maintained, should be kept 
‘at a temperature of 55° to 60° for Dendrobiums and other plants which 
delight in a long season of rest. 

As I have previously remarked, the resting of these plants is as necessary 
as the production of fine growths, if the best possible flowers are to be 
obtained. Should extremely cold weather prevail, a slight fall in the 
temperature of any house will do no harm, provided it is not allowed to 

remain for too long a time, and the atmosphere is kept in a dry condition. 
Fluctuations, however, must be avoided as much as possible, and no pains 
should be spared to maintain the temperatures somewhere near the 
Proper figures. Nothing thrives in unsuitable quarters, and it is a most 
interesting study to find out the requirements of individual plants at 
different seasons of the year. Our collections are made up of such a 
number of different species and hybrids, each requiring some difference in 
treatment to produce its best form, that it should be qnite obvious how 
essential to success are these apparently small matters. 

SHADING.—By the time these lines appear in print all the blinds can 
be safely dispensed with. The plants should be gradually inured to the 
light, and on bright and warm days increased ventilation should be given. 
‘There have been more Orchids killed in the past from coddling, perhaps, 
than from any other cause, not excepting over-watering. 

WATERING.—This, the most important factor in Orchid culture, needs 
especial attention at this season, and for two reasons. Firstly, attention 
must be given to the state of growth of individual plants. If growing, the 
plant should be watered whenever it becomes dry, and if resting it should 


Octoser, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229+ 


have sufficient water to prevent shrivelling. Secondly, every plant should 
have sufficient water to keep its rooting system in a healthy condition. 
Here, again, extremes must be avoided, for the effect of too much water is 
just as bad as that of too little. Both means the loss of the roots and the: 
vitality of the plants. 

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.—With the reduction in temperatures there 
must be a corresponding reduction in the amount of atmospheric moisture, 
and the proper balance of heat and moisture must be carefully maintained.. 
An over-heated, stuffy atmosphere is as harmful as a cold, damp, and’ 
saturated one, and both extremes must be strictly avoided. 

DeENDROBIUMS that have finished their growths should be thoroughly 
cleaned and placed in their winter quarters in the resting house. This is 
easily accomplished now that they have all attained that condition, and if 
cleaned and arranged they should not be much trouble until their flowering 
nodes begin to swell in the spring. Sufficient water to pre them from: 
shrivelling will be almost their only requirement. 

CyprIPEDIUMs which are now pushing up their flower spikes will also- 
be much improved by going through the same process. By cleaning them, 
and neatly staking up their flowers, as they attain sufficient length, and. 
arranging them in the house in which they are to produce their bloom, it 
is possible to save much labour and time. C. superbiens (Veitchii),. 
unfortunately not too common, should be repotted, if necessary, as it 
passes out of bloom. This plant succeeds when grown in a Cattleya house 
temperature, potted in the compost advised for other tesselated-leaved 
Cypripediums. Not being a strong-rooting member of this large genus, it 
should not be placed in large receptacles. 

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas are now making” 
a great display, and it is a question which is their best season, spring or 
autumn. But there are now so many brilliant hybrids that the flowers may 
be enjoyed the whole year round. Any plants that have flowered, and are 
now pushing new roots, may still have new material if the old compost is- 
at all decomposed. Plants potted at this late season, however, should be 
watered with extreme care, and only sufficient water should be given to 
keep them plump until the roots have freely entered the new material. 

LESLIA ANCEPS and its varietias are now pushing up their flower spikes 
rapidly, and must have generous treatment. The spikes should be carefully 
and neatly staked, and should be tied in such a manner that their tips are 
clear of the glass. 

L&LIA PUMILA and other Lalias which were placed in the Cool house 
for the summer months had better now be returned to the Intermediate 
house, and there given liberal supplies of water at the roots until they have 
finished flowering and their growths are complete. When new roots are: 


230 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1917. 


observed to be pushing any necessary repotting may be done. They 
succeed in shallow pans, suspended from the roof, and a similar compost to 
that used for Cattleyas will answer their requirements. For these small 
growing plants it is necessary to cut the material smaller than when potting 
plants of larger stature. 

OponToGLossuMs.—The newly-potted plants of this genus should be 
carefully looked over to see when water is required and watch should be 
kept for any slugs which may have been brought in from the new materials. 
O. grande, O. Insleayi, and O. Schlieperianum are generally called the 
autumn-flowering section. They are plants of easy culture, and their large 
flowers are most valuable during the winter months. They are best 
accommodated at the coolest end of the Intermediate house, and delight 
in liberal supplies of water at the roots whilst making their growth. After 
flowering they enjoy a season of rest, when only sufficient water to keep 
them plump 1s necessary. 

PHAL&Nopsis, Vandas, Aérides, and other bulbless Orchids will require 
less water, both at the roots and in the atmosphere, during the dull days of 
winter. When the tips of the roots become sealed over they will require 
only sufficient to prevent the plants suffering. They should receive the 
maximum amount of light during the short days. 

MILToniAs.—Miltonia spectabilis and its variety Moreliana, with M. 
Clowesii and M. Regnellii, are interesting members of this genus, producing 
flowers during late summer and early autumn. After the plants have 
bloomed, and the pseudobulbs have finished growing, the supply of 
moisture at the roots should be gradually reduced, and the rooting material 
kept on the dry side until growth becomes again active in the new year. 
M. Roezlii, its variety alba, and M. Phalznopsis are plants not often seen 
in good condition at the present day. Their constitution is not so strong 
as M. vexillaria, and they should therefore have every attention. They 
require a slightly higher temperature than M. vexillaria, and should be 
grown at the warmest end of the warm Cattleya house. Those plants 
which have commenced to grow may be repotted, should they require new 
rooting material. They succeed in a similar compost to M. vexillaria, and, 
like that species, must have water applied sparingly until they have taken 
hold of the new material. 

CYMBIDIUMS.—Strong healthy plants of Cymbidium Tracyanum, C.- 
Lowianum, C. insigne, and many hybrids that are now showing flower 
spikes, should not suffer for water at the root, others which have not as 
yet shown their spikes should be kept on the dry side for some little time 
longer, otherwise growth will commence and the plants fail to bloom. 
Plants of this genus that are in a pot-bound condition will derive benefit 
from occasional waterings of weak liquid manure. 


OcToBeEr, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23! 


Oncipiums.—In the Cool house several species of these useful plants, 
such as O. crispum, Forbesii, varicosum and others are developing new 
roots and flower spikes. These plants produce flowers so abundantly that 
they exhaust themselves quickly if the flowers are allowed toremain upon 
the plants for too long a period. To keep the plants in good health it is 
advisable to remove the spikes soon after the flowers are open, and weak 
plants should have them removed as soon as they are observed. After 
flowering tie plants should have a good rest, but not be allowed to suffer 
for the want of moisture at the root. — This also refers to O. concolor; which 
by this time will have made up its bulbs, but resents a long dry rest more 
than the others mentioned. 

TuuniAs.—As soon as the plants have lost their leaves they may be 
placed in their resting quarters. Those plants which have not yet lost 
their foliage should have water afforded them from time to time, and they 
should be syringed occasionally to keep them free from red spider and 
thrip, which often affects them at this season. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—Every opportunity should be taken to push on 
with necessary work, much of which is very pressing at this season, 
especially with the limited staffs now available. The cleansing of the 
houses and the plants is of the greatest importance, and takes up much 
time, tor if it is to be effectual it must be thoroughly done. Thoroughness 
is more essential in plant cleaning than perhaps anything else, as when 
only half done we may safely say it is not done atall. The placing of the 
plants in their winter quarters is an item which will occupy our time during 
the present month, and efforts should be made to give every plant a 
position to its liking. The winter months are the best to eradicate scale 
and other insect pests which trouble us, and war should be made on every- 
thing which feeds on the life-blood of our plants. The true horticulturist 
is always fighting the pest which affect his plants, well knowing that it is 
one of the essentials to success. 


——_—+> 0< > 
CaTrLeya Oxtvia.—Flowers of an attractive hybrid are sent from the 
collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset. There is a little doubt 
about the exact parentage, though Mr. Clark believes it came from a cross, 
C. intermedia X Trianz nivea, made by him in April, 1903, as other 
crosses, which he mentions, would not account for the characters. We 
fully agree. As to C. intermedia, there cannot be the slightest doubt, for 
the resemblance to C. suavior, in colour and other details, is unmistak- 
able, and the modifications are such as would be expected from the influence 
of C. Triane. The flowers are blush pink, with the front of the lip crimson 
purple. C. Olivia was originally raised by Messrs. Veith from the reverse 
cross, and received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in October, 1897. 


THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1917. 


a29 
wR ties 8 oe 
Or DENDROBIUM PHAL/ENOPSIS. ISSA 


HIS useful autumn-flowering Orckid should soon be making a good 
display, and what it is capable of when well-grown may be seen in 

the annexed figure, which represents a plant in the collection of Mrs. B. B. 
Tuttle, Naugatuck, Conn., U.S.A. (gr. Mr. M. J. Pope). As many as four 


Fig. 27. DENDROBIUM PHALANOPSIS. 


good spikes are Lorne from the apex of the same pseudobulb, giving 4 vert 
pleasing effect. It is a good many years since the species was introduced 1? 
ameainte 2 by Messrs. Sander, and if it is now less common than formerly it 
is probably because it requires a rather warm house to bring it to perfection: 


OcTOBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133 


Its flowers are also particularly liable to injury by fogs, which in urban 
areas are rather prevalent at the time it is in bloom. The best means of 
counteracting this is to get it to start and mature early, and thus open its 
blooms before the foggy season sets in. The flowers vary greatly in colour, 
from bright purple, through various shades of lilac and blush, down to 
white, mostly with darker markings on the lip, but in the variety hololeuca 
the purple is entirely eliminated, resulting in a chaste and beautiful albino. 
The plant should be grown in baskets, suspended in a light position in the 
warmest house, and when the growths are mature it should receive a good 
rest in a drier position in the same house. It should not be removed to a 
cool position when at rest, as it is unnatural to the species, and experience 
has shown it to be injurious. When grown under such conditions we have 
seen it producing its beautiful spikes in profusion, and as these are very 
useful for cutting it is a plant that repays a little extra attention. It is a 
native of northern Queensland and some of the islands in and near the 
Torres Straits, one of the best-known being Timor laut, where it was found 
by Mr. H. O. Forbes some time prior to its introduction in quantity. A 
fine exhibit of D. Phalaenopsis, and its charming varieties Rothschildianum 
and album, from the collection of W. R. Lee, Esq., is recorded at page/234. 


ke SOULE TIES, Lae aC 


RoyaL HorTICULTURAL. 
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on September. 11th, when 
there was a good display of Orchids, including three medal groups, and 
Awards of Merit were given to two choice Leliocattleyas. 

Orchid Committee present :—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in « the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Arthur Dye, C.. J. Lucas, 
Gurney Wilson, J.. Charlesworth, Walter Cobb, F. K. Sander, S. W. 
Flory, J. E. Shill, Stuart H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, T. 
Armstrong; F. J. Hanbury, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. » 

L#&LIOcATTLEYA BRonzE-KiNG (luminosa X Anaconda).—A handsome 
hybrid, the flowers being large and of fine shape, with broad, orange-buff 
sepals and petals, and a magenta-crimson lip, with deep yellow veining in 
the throat, and the margin lilac. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & 
Brown. 

L2&LIOCATTLEYA COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. (C. Iris X Lc. Mrs. Evelyn 
Norrie).—A charming thing, the flower having broad, citron-yellow sepals 
and petals, a claret-crimson lip, veined with yellow at the base, and the 


234 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcrosER, 1917. 


column white; the colours thus being well contrasted. Exhibited by 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 
GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), showed 
Leliocattleya Helene (Lc. bletchleyensis x C. Adula), bearing a spike of 
bronzy rose flowers with a purple lip, two plants of Anguloa Cliftonii, and 
the rare A. brevilabris. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group, 
to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained the chaste 
Lelia pumila alba, examples of Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, B. barbigerum, 
Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus, anda number of fine hybrids, among which 
we noted Odontioda Sensation var. roseum, a finely-grown plant with a 
panicle of 29 well-coloured flowers, Sophrocatlelia Ariadne, and several 
promising seedling Odontoglossums. Cattleya Dowiana aurea, Iris, 
iridescens, Parthenia, Claesiana alba, Saturn alba, and C. Acis Golden 
Fleece, Leliocattleya Maqueda, Lc. Geo. Woodhams, and other good 
things were also included. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine group, in which we noted a plant of Coelogyne 
Veitchii, bearing three graceful racemes of pure white flowers, the rare 
‘Catasteum Russellianum, Stanhopea oculata with an _ eight-flowered 
raceme, Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, and many good hybrids, these 
including Cattleya Aineas (Venus X Dowiana aurea), a handsome thing, 
with deep yellow sepals and petals, and a claret-crimson lip, veined with 
deep yellow in the throat, some good C. Dowiana aurea, C. Adula var. 
Vesuvius (Hardyana x bicolor), the sepals and petals apricot yellow 
flushed with rose, and the lip deep purple-crimson, Sophrocattleya 
Andromeda (S. grandiflora x C. Octave-Doin), rosy crimson, and the lip 
deep rose, with much yellow at the base, Sophrocatlelia Antiochus, Lelio- 
cattleya luminosa rosea, with rosy apex to the petals, Lc. bella, a fine 
Oncidioda Cybele, Odontoglossum Penelope (Rolfezee x Olympia),, most 
like the former, a few good Cypripediums, &c. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
good group, including Cattleya Thebes var. Britannic, with bronzy yellow 
sepals and petals and a dark crimson lip, three good forms of C. Adula, 4 
dark Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, Cypripedium Robin-Hood (bingleyense 
x Gaston-Bultel), a well-shaped flower most resembling the former in 
colour, a few good Lzliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, and Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good Brassocattleya Ilene, 
Leliocattleya Rajah, a C. Dowiana hybrid with rosy sepals and petals, and 
a well-coloured lip, the richly-coloured Sophrocattleya Faboris, and others. 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a few good hybrids, including 


OcrToBER, 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235 


Cattleya Regina (Dupreana x labiata), a fine thing, showing much of the 
C. labiata character, with three good forms of C. Adula and three of 
Brassocattleya Ilene. 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, sent a few good things, 
including Brassocattleya Lotas (C. Rex X Bc. Veitchii), with light yellow 
sepals and petals, and a paler lip with some rosy mottling, a pretty white 
Cattleya with yellow throat, from C. Dusseldorfii Undine X Warneri alba, 
another from C. Dowiana aurea X Thurgoodiana, with rosy sepals and 
petals, and a ruby-purple lip with paler throat, and a good Leeliocattleya 
(C. Gaskelliana x Lc. Lustre), having broad lilac-coloured sepals and 
petals, and a crimson-purple lip with some yellow in the throat. 

At the meeting held on September 25th there was again a good display 
of Orchids, and the awards consisted of four medals and two Awards of 
Merit. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Arthur Dye, J. Wilson Potter, Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
W. Bolton, Walter Cobb, F. K. Sander, E.R. Ashton, T. Armstrong, R. A. 
Rolfe, J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, J. Charlesworth, and F. J. Hanbury. 

Awarpbs OF MERIT. 

BRASSOCATTLEYA ILENE THE BRIDE (Be. Maronie xX C. Dowiana 
aurea).— A charming variety, having light blush pink sepals and petals, 
and a rather darker lip, with two large lemon-yellow blotches on the disc of 
the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co. 

CATTLEYA IRIS ORCIIIDHURST VAR. (bicolor X Dowiana aurea).—A 
handsome variety, the flower being of excellent shape, and the sepals and 
petals light yellow shaded with bronze, and the lip deep rosy mauve, with 
some yellow markings at the base. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong 
& Brown. 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead, showed a flower of 
Cattleya Ariadne (labiata X dolosa), witha bright purple flower most like 
the former in shape. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a fine group, in which showy Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas were 
particularly prominent, these including good forms of C. Venus, Fabia, 
illustris, Acis, Pittiana,. Iris, Armstrongiz, the white C. Clesiana alba, C. 
Saturn alba, and C. Lady Veitch, Lzliocattleya Maqueda saturata, very 
richly coloured, and others. We noted also a fine, home-raised Lelia 
pumila alba, Odontioda Zephyr, and a number of promising seedling 
Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver Flora, 


236 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (OcTOBER, 1917. 


Medal for a showy group, including Brassocattleya Sofrano (Bc. Leemaniz 
X C. iridiscens), a pretty primrose yellow hybrid, in which, however, the 
influence of the Cattleya could not be traced, Be. Leemaniz, Cattleya 
Sirius (Germania X Trianz), a bright rose-purple hybrid with the three- 
lobed lip ruby-purple in front, good forms of C. Rhoda, Dionysius, Iris, 
Vesta, and others, Leliocattleya luminosa, Le. Thyone, Lc. Mita (C. 
Fabia X Lc. Golden Oriole), a richly-coloured hybrid, good plants of 
Oncidium incurvum and var. album, Sophrocatlelia Laconia, Odontonia 
Langowoyi, and a number of good Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, also received a Silver Flora Medal 
for a group of showy hybrids raised in their establishment, and including 
Leliocattleya Zena (C. iridencens X Lc. Ophir) with golden yellow sepals 
and petals, and a three-lobed ruby lip with some yellow veining on the disc, 
good forms of Lc. Rhenus and Roumania, Sophrocattleya Faboris, Brasso- 
cattleya Ilene, and several good examples of Cattleya iridescens, Sybil, 
Regina, Adula, amabilis, and C. Hardyana alba. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
interesting group, including a good example of Odontonia McNabiana, 
Brassocatlelia Figaro, Cattleya Adula and Sybil, a good Odontoglossum 
eximium, Leliocattleya Priam and Gaston-Doin, Cypripedium Rajah, 
Royal Sovereign, and a few others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, staged a good form of Leliocattleya 
Soulange (Lc. Lustre x C. Dowiana alba), having rose-purple sepals and 
petals and a ruby-purple lip. 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent a good form of Odontonia 
brugensis, a very fine form of Cattleya Hardyana, and a good form of C. 
Fabia. 

MANCHESTER AND NorTH oF ENGLAND ORCHID. 

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on S. ptember 
6th, the members of Committee present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme 
(in the chair), Messrs. D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, P. Foster, 
A. R. Handley, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, F. K. Sander, W. 
Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Sec.). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

Cattleya Venus var. Princess Mary, a large, well-set flower of good 

colour, and with bright lip; from W. R. Lee, Esq. 
AWARDS OF MeEriIrT. 

Cattleya Prince John var. Dorothy Sharp (Hardyana var. x Dowiana 
aurea), and C. Thebes var. Rev. J. Crombleholme (Adula x Dowiana 
aurea) ; from Messrs. Sanders. 


Cattleya Sybil var. Reine de Saba ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


OcTOBFR, 1917:| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 237 


N.B.—The Odontoglossum exhibited at the last meeting by J. J. 
Boiton, Esq., and received an Award of Merit, should read O. Yula, not 
Zulu, as stated in the report. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

To Mr. E. Rogers, for three first-class plants of Vanda ccerulea, each 
carrying two spikes of well-coloured flowers. 

To Mr. C. Branch, for Odontoglossum crispum Etna, carrying three 
spikes ; Cattleya Harrisoniana alba Stanley’s var., with seven large flowers ; 
and C. Venus var. Princess Mary. 

SECOND-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFCATES. 

To Mr. Davenport, for Bulbophyllum barbigerum, and Masdevallia 
muscosa. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. 
Mr. C. Branch), for a very fine group, containing some choice Cattleyas, 
with Brassocattleya Anubis, Cypripedium Maudie, and other good things. 

Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine 
general groups, in which Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas were prominently 
represented, with other good things. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), sent a few splendidly- 
grown plants of Vanda ccerulea, with examples of Dendrobium formosum, 
Ccelogyne Mooreana, and the rare Cycnoches peruvianum. 


At the meeting held on September zoth, the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. D. 
A. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. R. Handley, J. Howes, 
A. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). . 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Nadine, a well-shaped flower, with 
distinct yellow markings, and O. President Poincaré, a round flower of good 
substance, and almost solid plum colour, with broad flat lip; from W. R. 
Lee, Esq. 

Cattleya Doreen (Dowiana aurea X Pittiana), a well-balanced flower, 
the sepals and petals of a cream shade, with brilliant lip; from Mrs. S. 
Gratrix, 

Sophrocattleya Faboris (Sc. Doris xX C. Fabia), a large flower of 
brilliant colour; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Lzliocattleya G. G. Whitelegge magnifica, a large compact flower, of 
good colour, with a well-balanced lip; from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

Cattleya Venus The Knowle var., a large flower, of good shape and even 
cglour ; from John Hartley, Esq. 


238 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTopeR, 1917. 


Sophrocatlelia The Belle (Scl. Marathon x C. Fabia), a fine variety, 
with well-set flower of pleasing colour; from P. Smith, Esq. 

Cattleya Thora magnifica (C. Empress Frederick X Mrs. Pitt), a fine 
variety ; from J. Walker, Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Brassocattleya Ilene The Knowle var. (Bc. Maron x C. Dowiana 
aurea), and Odontoglossum Henry Thompson; from J. Hartley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum amabile var. Royal George ; from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

Cattleya Mrs. Pitt var. Leeana; from W, R. Lee, Esq. 

FIRST-CLASS AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Omar; from J. Walker, Esq. 

A large Silver Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. 
Mr. C. Branch), for an excellent group, containing a batch of Dendrobium 
Phalznopsis, and including the varieties Rothschildianum and album, with 
a good selection of Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and Odontoglossums. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, 
for a brilliant group of autumn-blooming Cattleyas, eae and 
Cypripediums, in well-grown examples. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by John Hartley, Esq., Morley (gr. 
Mr. Coupe); J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law) ; John Walker, 
Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. S. Weaver) ; Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. 
Mr. J. Howes) ; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes), and 
P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson), several of 
which appear in the above list of Awards. 


WANTED, AN ORCHID COLLECTOR.—The notice appears in out 
advertisement columns, and there is an old-world flavour about it that 
is interesting in these days of intensive hybridisation. But we believe that 
the race of Orchid collectors is not extinct, and they will be pleased to heat 
there is still a field for their energies. Fashions change, and there can be 
no doubt that the improvements effected by hybridisation have increased 
the popularity of this race of showy Orchids, and tended to push the species 
somewhat into the background. But there should be room for both, and 
there are so many quaint and interesting species which scarcely appeal to 
the hybridist that we should welcome a return to the old days in this 
respect. The trouble, perhaps, is that Orchids are so numerous that only 
in large collections is there room for the full development of both depart- 
ments, and as Orchids are largely grown for their beauty the hybrids take 
the first place. It is to the collector, however, that we must look for a0 
extension of our knowledge of this fascinating family, and many species are 
known to science that yet remain to be introduced to cultivation. A® 
there are plenty of novelties yet to be discovered, especially if the collectot 


OctoBER, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239 


can break new ground, for Orchids are proverbially local. In order that 
opportunities to extend our knowledge may not be lost, we hope that the 
collector will be furnished with a press and a stock of drying paper, so as 
to be able to bring back samples of the plants that he finds. These should 
be localised, and the colour, and any other character that will not be shown 
by the dried specimen, noted on the ticket. They could then be forwarded 
to some suitable institution for study and report. Much yet remains to be 
done, and such a collection would increase the interest in the living plants. 
We hope that the collector, when secured, will not neglect his opportunities. 


s zg 


ee ce Orchids are now making a very brilliant 

display, particularly the Cattleya group, which every year receives a 
number of fine accessions from the hands of the hybridist. C. Dowiana 
and its hybrids probably occupy the first place in point of numbers, as this 
species has been linked up with almost every other that occupies any 
position in gardens, also with the Brazilian Lelias, Brassavola Digbyana, 
and Sophronitis grandiflora, and with their hybrid offspring in a way that is 
quite bewildering. C. Bowringiana and C. labiata have also yielded some 
brilliant acquisitions; in fact the three autumn-blooming Cattleyas 
mentioned have yielded a trio of hybrids in C. Fabia (labiata X Dowiana), 
C. Mantinii (Bowringiana x Dowiana), and C. Portia (Bowringiana X 
labiata), whose decorative value at this season can hardly be over-estimated, 
not to mention the way they are being utilised as stepping-stones for 
further improvements. The long-bulbed Cattleyas are also for the most 
part autumn-bloomers, and have contributed a number of useful hybrids, 
so that there is ample material to select from. 

The Leliocattleyas are now a hest in themselves, and produce a 
profusion of flowers right through the summer and autumn, in fact 
throughout the year ; while the Brassocattleyas are scarcely less ubiquitous 
in their time of flowering. 

The winter-blooming Cypripediums are just beginning their annual 
display, and from now until well after Christmas C. insigne and its 
derivatives will occupy a leading position in the Show house. Here, again, 
there is a bewildering variety, and the increase in the range of colours 
through continued hybridising and selection is being steadily increased. 
Apart from their decorative value at a dull season, they are seldom affected 
by fog, and thus are particularly good town plants, which alone is likely to 
Secure their continued popularity. 


’ 


ORCHIDS IN SEASON. 


240 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Ocroser, 1917, 


eae 
ara 

HE dates of the Royal Horticultural Society’s October meetings at 
C the London Scottish Drill Hall, Westminster, are the gth and 23rd, 
but the first is a special Exhibition of Fruit, and the Orchid Committee 
will only meet on the latter date, the hour fixed being 11.45 a.m. The 
dates of the November meetings are the 6th and 2oth. 


a ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold 
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on October 4th and 18th. 
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection 
from 1 to 4 p.m. The date of the November meetings are the Ist and 15th. 


The Garden Magazine for June, 1916, which we have just seen, contains 
(p. 301) a figure of a pure white Cattleya, called C. Princess Patricia 
(speciosissima Empress X Trianz alba), which was offered for the Red 
Cross benefit by Mr. Clement Moore, Hackensack, New Jersey. This 
American monthly gives also (p. 302) a figure of what is called the green, 
fiddle-shaped Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), a plant exhibited in Messrs. 
Lager & Hurrell’s group at the International Show held at New York, 
from April 5th to 12th, and which, it remarks, was a continual source of 
interest and curiosity to visitors. 


[Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are 
requested to give the native country or arentage of plants sent. An A ne hs 
sent if a reply by post ts desired (abroad, veply postcards should be used ). Subjects of sp ve 
tnterest will be dealt with in the body of the work]. 


: Be .C.—We certainly think itis a form of Cattleya Olivia, for the influence of C. 
intérmedia is unmistakable, but we can trace no characters of C. Leopoldii. The difference 
between the two crosses is fairly parallel with that which exists between Lveliocattleva 


Schilleriana and Lec. elegans.- The other crosses mentioned would not account for 
characters, 


_  T.1.—Possibly a form of Cypripedium plumptonense, for the characters of C. Spicet: 
lanum (probably coming through C. Leeanum i 
with reflexed sides, and the undulate petals 
modified in shape in the direction of C 
out of the same batch would probably giv 
Bet 
term which expresses the quality in a character 
Ls me was originally given in a vari jecti ken to its 
etal sense, and objection was taken 
extension to another seedling that was inferior to the one cernhcated. specific 


name, 
however, covers all seedlings of the ; Jusive 
: , same pa e exclu 
right to it. 8 Parentage, and no one can claim th 


oe good typical form of Cattleya labiata, Lindl. Allelomorphic is a Mendelian 
d 


HE Ss 
© The Orchid Review “i 


VoL. XXV. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1917. No. 299-300. 
Pb Se 


eee | 


HE progress that is being made in hybridisation is frequently illustrated 

at our horticultural meetings, but occasionally some outstanding 
subject appears, as was the case at the R.H.S. meeting held on November 
2oth, when a brilliant Brassocatlelia was exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong 
& Brown, under the name of Lady Manningham Buller, to which both a 
First-class Certificate and a Silver-gilt Lindley Medal were awarded. It is 
the result of intercrossing Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra 
(Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri X Brassavola Digbyana) and Lzeliocattleya 
Ophir (Lelia xanthina x C. Dowiana aurea), and the flower is of excellent 
shape and substance, with a very undulate and somewhat fringed margin 


OUR NOTE BOOK. 


to the lip, while the colour may be described as bright canary yellow, 
rather darker on the centre of the lip. This particular colour has long been 
a desideratum in the group, owing to the well-known tendency of Cattleya 
Dowiana to produce purple hybrids. Lelia xanthina, however, has proved 
a useful corrective, and if the colour can be handed on to the next genera- 
tion, as in the present case, it should increase the value of the Lelia as a 
parent. The raisers must be congratulated on their brilliant acquisition. 


In shape and substance the character of the Brassavola is most 
apparent, but the influence of the two Cattleyas is seen in the broadened 
petals, and the greatly reduced fringe of the lip, in which latter character 
the influence of the Lelia would also operate. If only the fringe could 
be recovered, a very remarkable flower would be the result, and for this 
nothing but re-crossing with the Brassavola would suffice. The other 
characters are so good that we think the cross might be attempted with 
good hopes of success. The fringed character on both sides of the ancestry 
should make itself felt, and there is not the same reason to fear a weak, 
washy result as in'the case of re-crossing the Brassavola with a purple 
Brassocattleya. A probable narrowing of the petals would be more than 
counterbalanced by a return of the fringe with a retention of the yellow 
colour, and both results are within the range of possibility 


— 


41 


242 THE ORCHID -REVIEWV. [Nov.-Dec., 1917. 


It is curious to reflect that the cross might be attempted in two other 
ways, namely, by uniting Brassolelia Jessopii with Cattleya Empress- 
Frederick, or Brassocattleya Leemanie with Leliocattleya Norba, at all 
events if the hybrids could be found in which C. Mossiz is replaced by its 
albino variety, Wageneri, for the presence of purple derived from typical C. 
Mossiz might affect the result. We do not remember a case quite 
comparable, for in that of the beautiful Brassocatlelia The Baroness, also 
descended from Leliocattleya Ophir, Cattleya Dowiana was twice repre- 
sented, and there were some crimson markings on the lip. But there was a 
similar yellow ground colour, which says much for the influence of Lelia 
xanthina as an agent in the production of yellow hybrids. 


A word may be added about the name. It is unlikely that other 
seedlings from the same parentage will prove identical, in which case the 
question of varietal names will arise, as in some former cases that we have 
in mind. One was a certificated plant, and when the name was extended 
to another seedling of identical parentage, but not equal in quality, a 
protest was made, and we then found that the name was only given in a 
varietal, or florist’s sense, and was not intended to apply to all seedlings of 
identical parentage. In short, a specific name had not been given. Should 
a similar difficulty arise in the present case it could be met by calling the 
plant Brassocatlelia Ophir var. Lady Manningham Buller, and this, we 
suggest, should be done. It is the specific name that is common to all 
seedlings of identical parentage, and this should always be in a form that 
permits of the addition of any necessary varietal names smoothly and 
euphoniously ; the varietal name cannot be thus appropriated. 

Some interesting remarks relating to Mendelism appears in the intro- 
duction to a recent paper in the Journal of Genetics, by Mr. R. N. Nabours. 
“Most, if not all Mendelians,” he remarks, ‘‘ consider the proof of the 
segregation of the germ plasm as an insulated substance in embryonic 
development adequate. It is considered a fundamental principle that the 
units contributed by two parents separate in the germ cells of the offspring 
without having had any influence on each other. . . . There is much 
confusion regarding the use of the terms dominant and recessive, the 
interpretation and application of ratios, and the definition, or determina- 
tion, of characters. The terms dominant and recessive remain part of the 
nomenclature, as if they were realities, whereas they can have doubtful 
application only in crosses between characters allelomorphic to each other 
in which one character is more apparent (epistatic) and the other less 
apparent (hypostatic); or, in the case of characters which are allelo- 
morphic only to their absences, a character being considered dominant 


Nov.-Dec., 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243 


and its absence recessive. Part of the confusion in this matter 
has undoubtedly resulted . . . from the failure to recognise the 
distinction between the two classes of characters. The 9:3:3:1and 3:1 
ratios are used freely and with assurance, whereas there are really no 
such ratios. There appears to be a lack, in usage at least, of appreciation 
of the distinction between characters which are allelomorphic to each other, 
never to an absence, and those characters which are allelomorphic only to 
their absence, never to each other or any other characters, and which exist only 
in relation with, and in addition to, characters allelomorphic to each 
other.” 

The title is “ Studies of inheritance and evolution in Orthoptera ”’ ; had 
it been Orchids we might have been able to follow the paper further with 
profit, but the remarks are significant, and suggest the necessity of a 
nomenclature more in accordance with the facts. When a character is 
allelomorphic to its absence (whatever that may mean) it is a nice question 
whether it is allelomorphic at all, and a Mendelian pair that is built up on 
the same principles may be only a single one. It may yet be discovered 
that Mendel himself was under no such illusions about the fundamental 
principle of the separation of the units, for he spoke of characters entirely 
and permanently accommodated together (the italics are his), and he added : 
“For the history of the evolution of plants this circumstance is of special 
importance, since constant hybrids acquire the status of new species.” 


It would be interesting to know what Mendel would have thought of the 
recent claim that new species only arise by crossing, a proposition that is 
altogether against the weight of evidence. For our part, we doubt whether 
Mendelian research has yet produced any direct evidence as to the way that 


Species originate in nature. 


n a notice of this plant in 
al, under the name of A. 
On page 66 he 
ving flowers 


AERIDES HYBRIDUM.—At page 208 you mentio 
the 6th edition of Williams’ Orchid Grower’s Manu 
Dominianum. I havea copy of the 5th edition (1877). 
gives the following: ‘‘ A. Dominianum.—A garden hybrid, ha 
the colour of those of A. Fieldingii, with the markings and shape of A. 
affine. It is very rare at present. One of the most beautiful varieties 
which are enriching our collections as the result of hybridising. It is the 
produce of a cross between A. Fieldingii and A. affine, producing rich 
rose-coloured flowers.” I do not know whether this account differs, but 
it may be of interest as of earlier date.—BARTLE GRANT, Wilmington 
House, Dartford, Kent. 


(Substantially different. We are afraid the plant has been lost. —ED.] 


244 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {Nov.-Dec., 1917- 


FTER spending just on twelve months on the plains of India, we were 

sent to Jalapahar, a station about one and a-half miles from Darjeeling, 

a nice cool change from Allahabad. To one who is interested in the 

subject, the district, which is between seven and eight thousand feet 
elevation, proved to be very attractive, a number of Orchids being noted. 

Pleiones occupy the foremost position, and to see them in full bloom 
among the rocks was indeed a treat. The principal one in flower was P. 
preecox. I have searched diligently for a white variety, so far without 
success, but I see in the O.R. that there is a white variety at Kew. 
Satyrium nepalense has pretty pink flowers, and is very showy in a mass, 
and the same remark applies to Anthogonium gracile, with its white variety 
alba. Spiranthes australis is another pretty little plant. 

Most of the European. bungalows in and around Darjeeling have their 
quota of Orchids, and at present Dendrobium chryanthum and D. Hooker- 
ianum are furnishing a fine display. Ccelogyne cristata is a great favourite, 
and is grown in quantity. 


ORCHIDS AT DARJEELING. 


Recently I paid a visit to Mr. P. T. Russell-at Mungpu. He is 


Superintendent of the Government Cinchona Plantations, and he possesses 
quite a unique collection of Orchids. On my way through the jungle I saw 
a number of Orchids, but very few were in bloom. Cymbidium elegans, 
however, was an exception, and made quite a show on its own account; 
but the gem was Arundina bambuszefolia, which was growing by the side of 
streams, and was some ten feet high, and blooming profusely. In the 
Lloyd Botanic Gardens, Darjeeling, where Mr. Cave is Curator, will be 
found a collection of choice and rare plants. 

Another unique collection can be seen with Messrs. G. Ghose & Co.; 
collectors and exporters, Townend, Darjeeling. Many of the plants are 
attached to trees on the hill side, and others are grown in greenhouses, 
where very little fire heat is used. A large number of genera are represented, 
but many are of botanical interest only. Among the showy kinds are the 
Cypripediums, such as C. Charlesworthii, C. venustum, and C. Fairrieanum 
which is in the rudest health. They are grown cool, and Mr. Ghose told 
me that the temperature often falls to 38° Fahr., and a moderate quantity 
of drainage is incorporated with the loam and fibre. 

A few of the plants noted were Calanthe Masuca, with its violet 
flowers, the ochraceous yellow C. biloba, and C. herbacea, of which 
I enclose a photograph. It is found in Sikkim, from four to six thousand 
feet elevation, and is closely allied to C. chloroleuca. The sepals and petals 
are greenish, and the lip is pure white, except its callus, which is yellow- 


eae 


Nov.-Dec., 1917-] . THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245 


It is quite a good species, and worthy of cultivation. Bulbophyllums are 
largely represented in the collection, B. cylindraceum having six spikes of 
its almost black flowers. B. penicillium is a remarkable species with 
uniform brown flowers, the extremely mobile lip responding to the slightest 
movement of the air. B. hymenanthum, Mr. Ghose tells: me, is very rare ; 
the sepals and petals are yellowish streaked with purple, the lip being 
purple. Ritaia is a quaint genus, resembling Appendicula in general 
‘habit, and was represented by a healthy specimen of R. himalaica. — 

Dendrobium ramosum, with which, I believe, D. Ruckeri is synonymous, 
was noted, also Phalenopsis Mannii, with its yellow-brown flowers, P. 
Parishii, the quaint Luisia volucris, and Doritis teenialis [now known as 
Kingiella teenialis (see p. 197).—Eb.], which is near to the genus 
Phalenopsis. The plant was in bloom a few weeks ago, and Mr. Ghose 
fertilised it with Phalenopsis Mannii, a fine healthy pod being the result. 
Goodyera hispida was attractive, with its green foliage flushed with pink 
towards the edges, and beautifully reticulated with pure white. Of this 
also I send a small photograph. 

_ The Goodyeras, Ancectochilus, and their allies are highly prized at 
Darjeeling, and A. sikkimensis is a beautiful plant, the dark red foliage 
being veined with golden yellow, and the whole presenting a nice velvety 
sheen. Zenzine goodyeroides, Pogonia plicata, and Nephelaphyllum 
pulchrum var. sikkimense belong to the same category. Cymbidiums are 
largely grown, and there are huge specimens of C. giganteum, C. 
grandiflorum, and C. elegans, which latter had twenty spikes of its pale 
yellowish flowers. C. Devonianum was also in splendid condition. 

New or rare species are being continually added to the collection, 
Mr. Ghose having collectors in Sikkim, Nepal, and Bhutan, and 
correspondents in the ‘Naga hills and Shan States of Burma. 

Satyrium nepalense I collected on Katapahar, at 8000 feet elevation, and 
two miles or so from Darjeeling. A few of the spikes were photographed, 
and it will give some idea of what it is like. It is known around here as S. 
sikkimense, but I think it is a variety of S. nepalense. 

It will be interesting to record that an Orchid Society in about to be 
formed at Darjeeling. FW CRcoe: 

Fort Allahabad, India. : ; 

[We thank our old friend, Mr. Briscoe, for his interesting communica- 
tion, which serves to remind us how widely diffused is the interest in this 
beautiful family, and how diverse the kinds grown. The Calanthe photo- 
graph represents a quite attractive plant, but we are afraid its reproduction 
must wait for more propitious times. A copy ° 


Ghose & Co. is enclosed, and contains a very int 
d hope to hear of its doings.— Ep. | 


eresting collection. We 


wish the new Society success, an 


246 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {Nov.-Drc., 1917. 


ae a) 


FTER Lindley, Reichenbach—we have summarised both periods 
A (pp. 75-79; 219-224) covering an aggregate of over sixty years. The 
third period is separated by an act which the Gardeners’ Chronicle at the 
time well described as an ungenerous attempt to paralyse the study of 
Orchids in this country. ‘‘It would be affectation,” it remarked, “to 
pretend that we do not receive the announcement we have to make with 
chagrin and sorrow. The future task of Orchidists in this country is by 
this action rendered peculiarly laborious and perplexing.” 

A correspondent of The Garden, ‘“‘ W.H.G.,’ under the _ heading, 
‘““A successor to Professor Reichenbach,’ wrote: ‘I regret much the 
cause which has led English Orchidists to be wiped out of all participation 
in our late Professor’s Herbarium. We want a successor, and who is it to 
be? In the first place we want a man who has a good knowledge of 
Orchids, and what has been done with Orchids for some time past, and he 
must have a good knowledge of the Latin language, in order that he may 
be saved from the horrible names that appear to be becoming the fashion. 
He should reside in London, in order that he may be in a central position, 
and he must be no partisan, but be equally ready to work for everyone 
alike. I think this is a good opportunity for the R.H.S. If the Society 
either cannot or will not help, then Orchid growers should form themselves 
into a Society and make the best Orchid man they can find their life- 
president.” The Editor added, among some remarks that were not 
particularly complimentary to Orchidists: “In past days able botanists 
were glad to help the society, as no doubt they will be in the future.” 

Before the provisions of Reichenbach’s Will were known a: proposal had 
been made to commemorate his work, and a fund was being opened, but 
the movement dropped when it was found that the eccentric author had 
erected his own memorial. It was natural enough, but it left the future of 
the work totally unprovided for. Kew volunteered assistance in the matter 
of species, but there remained the question of horticultural varieties and 
hybrids, which were so rapidly coming to the front. How far Reichenbach 
attained his object cannot yet be judged,for many of his species still remain 
unidentified. And as soon as the twenty-five years closure had elapsed, and 
the Herbarium was opened, and about to be prepared for study (see 0-4» 
xxii. p- 206), a disastrous war broke out, which has postponed the event 
indefinitely. The work, however, was not allowed to drop, and after an 
interval of over three years the Orchid Review was founded. A quarter of a 
century is a long time, and much has since happened, which we will leavé 


THE ORCHID REVIEW. 


Nov.-DEc., 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247 


others to assess. The following, however, appeared in the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle on the completion of the tenth volume :— 

After alluding to the work achieved, it proceeded: ‘‘ Many lovers of 
these plants will remember the consternation caused by the death of 
Professor Reichenbach, who took up Lindley’s work. . . . Many, too, 
will remember the disgust universally felt at the Professor’s testamentary 
dispositions. For a time it was feared that the progress of Orchid know- 
ledge would be seriously affected by the locking up for twenty-five years of 
the specimens and materials amassed by the Professor. But somehow, as 
in the case of the Ingoldsby legends, no one appears to be one penny the 
worse for the strange’ dispositions of the Hamburg Professor. One 
reason for this fortunate state of things may fairly be attributed to the 
Orchid Review. Month after month Orchidists have had placed before 
them the newest and most trustworthy information concerning Orchids. 
Difficult and entangled questions relating to nomenclature and synonymy 
have received attention. The raising of hybrids has also been carried on to 
an extraordinary extent, and but for the Review, the confusion, great as it 
is, would have been much greater. The specialisation and division of 
labour, which is so marked a feature of the times, necessarily bring with 
them the need for a special journal. Specialisation in botany is, however; 
as in everything else, only advantageous when it has been obtained before- 
hand. It is needless to say that this requisite has been fully attained in 
the Orchid Review, which has thus secured the confidence of Orchid 
growers, and will, we trust, long retain it.” 

And, now? For a period, not of ten, but of twenty-five years, the 
Review has striven to uphold the honour of British Orchidology, and in the 
end it is threatened with extinction. The cost of printing, paper, and of 
everything that goes to the production of such a journal, has nearly 
doubled, and is still soaring, while other connected circumstances have 
limited the circulation. And there are paper and other restrictions that 
have to be observed. For example, the Review can only be sent to America, 
and neutral countries, under a permit, and all packages have to be accom- 
panied by a certificate giving the name and address of every person to 
whom a copy is sent. Many journals have collapsed; the Review has been 
saved by an abiding faith in the future, but we cannot longer bear the 
burden alone. We know that the work is widely appreciated ; of that “ 
have been assured over and over again, and it circulates wherever Orchids 
are grown. A little help is needed to assure its future. : 

The work was established to overcome a difficulty for which no other 
remedy could be found, and a quarter of a century isa long period. It has 
Stimulated and supported an industry from which hundreds of people 
derive pleasure and profit, and one that cannot be laid aside in a moment 


248 THE ORCHID REVIEW, [Nov.-DEc., 1917, 


and resumed when more propitious times return. It is not a matter ofa 
season’s growth. There are still thousands of seedlings raised before the 
war that have not yet flowered. The plants must be cared for ; the industry 
must be kept alive, and its special journal should not be allowed to collapse 


en erent 


cpa se pT ee ae as, Aten 


and OrcHID STUD-BOOK. 


VIE 


y 


‘THe ORCHID: RI 


at want of a little support. We feel that the work cannot be given UP; and 
if our readers take the same view we have no doubt of the result. Thet® 
we must leave the matter for the present. 

The accompanying illustration may be interesting in this connection: 
It represents the first twenty volumes of the Orchid Review (we cannot show 


Noy.-Drc., 1917|. THE ORCHID REVIEW. * 249 


the complete set), with the accompanying Orchid Stud-Book on the left. 
Similar sets may be found on many library shelves, and they may be said to 
contain the history of Orchid culture for the last quarter of a century, with 
innumerable records from the past. What is now wanted is a general 
index to the whole. The matter had been largely selected when a 
disastrous war broke out, and the arrangements had to be postponed, but 
when normal times return we aim at including the twenty-five volumes, and 
trust that the necessary support will be forthcoming. 


>) 
al CALAN THE: VERDC tit, Be 


E have previously mentioned the interesting “‘lecturets ’’ that used to 

be given at the meetings of the R.H.S. by Mr. James Bateman, and 

of his curious aversion to hybrids. Both points are illustrated in the 

following, which is taken from an address given on November 21st, 1865 
(Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 1109) :— 

“In reference to the charming Calanthe Veitchii, which, it may be 
recollected, is a hybrid between Limatodes rosea and Calanthe vestita, Mr. 
Bateman said that he hoped that Orchids constituted a royal race into 
whose preserves the hybridist would not dare to enter, and that much as he 
appreciated his labours in other departments of Flora’s dominion, he never- 
theless felt a kind of inward satisfaction whenever failure attended his 
attempts to raise cross-bred Orchids. In the case before him, however, he 
was forced to admit, though it nearly choked him to do so, that a 
magnificent result had been obtained, inasmuch as the hybrid in question 
was certainly one of the finest winter-blooming Orchids in cultivation, a 
fact which all who had the good fortune to see Mr. Rucker’s glass-houses at 
the present time would confirm, for they are said to be quite gay with the 
rich rosy flowers of the Calanthe Veitchii.” 

By a fortunate coincidence we find that an account of Mr. Rucker’s fine 
collection at Wandsworth had appeared some months earlier, where the 
following note on this Calanthe is given (p. 55) :— 

“At this dull season, when flowers are everywhere scarce, the display 
made by the charming Calanthe Veitchii, in one of Mr. Rucker's Orchid- 
houses, is well worth travelling miles to see. This glorious plant, a hybrid 
raised at Mr. Veitch’s Exeter Nursery, between Limatodes rosea and 
Calanthe vestita greatly surpasses both parents in grandeur of appearance, 
having a constitution even more robust than that of the Calanthe, and a 
colour much brighter than that of the Limatodes. Had Mr. Dominy 
raised no other seedling Orchid than this, he would have been entitled 
to the best thanks.” 


250 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1917. 


lise | OBITUARY. pets 


SWALD OSMOND WRIGLEY.—We deeply regret to record the 
death of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall, Bury, which took 
place on November 11th, at the age of 81 years. Mr. Wrigley has been 
an enthusiastic amateur of Orchids for a period of fifty-live years. He 
began to grow Orchids in 1862, the year he was married, when he purchased 
fifty Orchids at £1 each. Heat once began to study their requirements, 
and soon found that all could not be grown together, and the next step was 
to provide the different houses necessary. He took a keen personal interest 
in all cultural details, and never gave up a species until he succeeded in 


growing it well or in satisfying himself that it was unsuitable for the 
district. Cypripediums have long been among his chief favourites, and for 
the last twenty years he has purchased most of the best that could be had, 
besides raising a large number of seedlings, annually weeding out those that 
did not come up to his standard. At the present these plants occupy six 
houses, besides which there are two houses of Odontoglossums, one of 
Cattleyas and allies, one of Lycastes, one of Cymbidiums, and one of 
Epidendrum vitellinum and Odontoglossum grande, the remaining three 
being devoted to miscellaneous warm-growing species, including some very 
fine Phalenopsis amabilis Rimestadiana, deciduous Calanthes, Dendrobium 
Phalenopsis, and numerous miscellaneous subjects. Mr. Wrigley was one 
of the original founders of the Manchester Orchid Society, and the 
excellence of the groups staged by him at its meetings has often been 
remarked. The health and vigour of the plants has also impressed us on 
the two or three occasions that we have had the pleasure of seeing the 
collection. We may also recall the noble specimen of Anguloa Clowesii 
exhibited by Mr. Wrigley at a meeting of the Royal Botanic and Horti- 
cultural Society of Manchester, in June, 1878, to which a Veitch Memorial 
Medal was awarded. It was one of a group of sixteen Orchids which 
gained the first prize, and was described as fully three feet across the base, 
and bearing nearly fifty of its rich golden cups, and a crown of perfectly- 
developed leaves—a picture of health and freshness, and magnificently 
bloomed. It had been grown on from one or two bulbs, and was not made 
up in any way. 

Mr. Wrigley was for years one of our most constant correspondents, 
and the flowers and photographs received from him have been both 
numerous and beautiful, and some of them have been illustrated in our 
pages, among which we may mention the fine group of Cypripedium 
Fairrieanum figured at page g of our eighteenth volume, and of Dendrobium 
Phalzenopsis used as the Frontispiece of the succeeding one. His name is 


Nov.-Dec., 19: 7.| THE ORCHID - REVIEW. 261 


commemorated in Leliocattleya Wrigleyi (C. Bowringiana X L. anceps), 
which is also figured (O.R., viii. p. 145, flg. 24), and Cypripedium Wrigleyi 
(villosum xX Charlesworthii). It will be remembered that our last volume 
was dedicated to Mr. Wrigley. 

Space would fail us to mention Mr. Wrigley’s numerous benefactions to 
the institutions of Bury, but there is a long and interesting account in the 
Bury Times of October 13th, from which we learn that he was Bury’s 
earliest freeman, and that he had been a magistrate of the Bury County 
Division for upwards of thirty years. Mr. Wrigley, who has been a 
widower for some years, leaves a son and two daughters to mourn his loss. 
We are indebted to Miss Constance Wrigley, and to Mr. Rogers, who has 
long had charge of the collection, for some of the above facts. The 
collection is to be disposed of at some future date. 

Evyyan Asworta.—This well-known and highly-respected Orchidist 
passed away at his residence, Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, on October 18th, 
in his 77th year. The Harefield Hall collection has long been famous in 
the Manchester district, for Mr. Ashworth was an enthusiastic cultivator, 
and gained many medals and certificates at the Manchester Shows. He 
was also an occasional exhibitor in London, and has been a member of the 
Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society for the last eighteen 
years. He was Chairman of the Manchester Orchid Society from 1906 to 
I9g11. Some eight or nine houses were devoted to Orchids, and the plants 
were well grown, as we have had the pleasure of seeing on more than one 
occasion. Perhaps the most famous Orchid in the collection was the fine 
Harefield Hall variety of Cypripedium insigne, but other varieties of well- 
known species could be mentioned, and among them the silver-white Lelia 
Jongheana Ashworthii, Cattleya labiata elegans and Mrs. E. Ashworth, 
two beautiful whites, with a purple blotch on the front of the lip, and 
the blotched Odontoglossum crispum Ashworthianum, each of the three 
latter having received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. Plants of 
the rare Trevoria Chloris may also be mentioned, and we were much 
interested to see, in the Odontoglossum house, the violet-blue Dendrobium 
Victoria-Regina and the pretty little Epidendrum Endresii, both blooming 
freely. Mr. Ashworth was also interested in hybridisation, and a house of 
seedling Cypripediums was an object of interest at one of our visits; also a 
batch of Cattleya Schroeder alba X amethystoglossa alba. Among the 
hybrids raised may be mentioned the fine Dendrobium Arthur-Ashworth, 
derived from D. Brymerianum and D. pulchellum. Mr. Ashworth’s name 
is commemorated in Cypripedium Ashworthii, a hybrid raised by Messrs. 
Sander from C. Measuresianum and C. Spicerianum. Accounts of the 
collection, which, we understand, is to be sold, will be found in our earlier 


volumes (viii. pp. 181-182 ; Xvill. pp- 282-284). 


252 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1917. 


WILLIAM MarsHaLL, V.M.H.—This veteran horticulturist passed away 
at his residence, Auchinraith, Bexley, on November 11th, a few days short of 
his eighty-second birthday. Although best known to the recent generation 
as a florist, and Chairman of the R.H.S. Floral Committee for upwards ofa 
quarter of a century, Mr. Marshall was in his earlier days a keen Orchidist, 


Fig. 29. THE Late Mr. WILLIAM MaRSHALL, V.M.H. 


and it was in his collection at Enfield that the beautiful Odontoglossum 
crispum flowered for the first time in cultivation, the plant receiving 4 
First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. on April 18th, 1865. “The 
achievement of producing the first flower of this most popular Orchid,” 
remarks the Gardeners’ Chronicle, « always stood out as one of the proudest 
in his career. He was particularly fond of a button-hole flower, and the 
‘white crispum ’ was always the favourite.” This predilection is showD in 


Nov-Dec. .917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 253 


the. annexed portrait, for which we are indebted to the courtesy of the 
Editor of the journal just mentioned. It was soon after his marriage, in 
1859, and that Mr. Marshall began to cultivate Orchids, and for many 
years he was a successful exhibitor at South Kensington, Regents Park, and 
the Crystal Palace. At the famous International Exhibition, held in 1866, . 
he gained the second prize for the best ten Orchids, and two years later he 
was awarded a Lindley Medal for the excellence of a group of between fifty 
and sixty Cattleya Triane. The Medal, however, ‘it is on record, was 
never received. In those days East Indian Orchids were much in favour, 
and with these Mr. Marshall was also very successful. His numerous 
other activities are mentioned in an appreciative Obituary notice in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle, where it is remarked that he was a draughtsman of no 
mean order, and made many delightful sketches of insects and Orchids. 
In 1906, he received the Victoria Medal of Horticulture, and three years 
later the Gold Medal of the Veitch Memorial Trust. It was the formation 
in March, 1889, of an Orchid Committee by the R.H.S. at first nominally 
as a section of the Floral Committee; that severed Mr. Marshall’s official 
‘connection with Orchids, for at the meeting of the latter body, held on 
March 12th, we find that First-class Certificates were awarded to 
Cymbidium eburneo-Lowianum and Cypripedium Rothschildianum, under 
Mr. Marshall’s Chairmanship, but a fortnight later, when the Orchidists sat 
as a separate body, Mr. Marshall retained his old position. Mr. Marshall’s 
name is commemorated in Oncidium Marshallianum, dedicated to him as 
long ago as 1866, and Thunia Marshalliana, given eleven years later. 

An interesting note has since appeared from Mr. W. Wilson, East Dene 
Gardens, Bonchurch, whose father had charge of Mr. Marshall’s collec- 
tions, and who was elected a member of the R.H.S. Floral Committee in 
1872. He remarks: ‘“‘I have by me all the certificates and prize cards won 
by these collections, which number nearly 400. They include ten Gold 
and four Silver Medals, and 45 R.H.S. Certificates, which will show to , 
what extent Mr. Marshall cultivated Orchids. 

Ly 
sl 
a, 


se 
A incident related at p. 252 serves to recall the early history ot this 
popular Odontoglossum, which was long known under “ — vel 
O. Alexandre. The plant mentioned as flowering for the first time in 
cultivation in April, 1865, in the collection of Mr. W. Marshall, was 
exhibited under the name of O. Bluntii, and this was stated by Dr. 
Be bach, acho wes present, to be quite distinct from O. Alexandrze 
(Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 566). 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. 


254 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1917. 


In November following, a glorious example of O. Alexandre was shown 
by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, and we read: ‘This new 
Odontoglot is one of Mr. Weit’s contributions from Santa Fé de Bogota, 
and as it is eminently beautiful, and sure to be a favourite, Mr. Bateman 
did not scruple to dedicate it to the illustrious Princess whose name it 
bears (see 1864, p. 1083). Messrs. Low’s traveller, Mr. Blunt, was, how- 
ever, at work in the same country, and a specimen of this plant sent home 
by him, being submitted to Professor Reichenbach, was considered by that 
botanist to be sufficiently distinct from Mr. Bateman’s O. Alexandre to 
merit another name. He, therefore, called his new Odontoglot O. Bluntii. 
Examples of both were shown in flower on Tuesday, and although O. 
Bluntii was much handsomer than that to which the name O. Alexandre 
was attached, it was the opinion of some persons present that the two were 
varieties of the same species (/.c., p. I109). This note elicited the history 
of the two plants, as follows :— 

OponToGcLossuM ALEXANDR#&.—In your report of the meeting of the 
Horticultural Society (p. 110g), it is stated that Mr. Blunt sent home a 
specimen of an Odontoglossum, which was considered by Prof. Reichen- 
bach to be distinct from O. Alexandre, and that examples of both were 
shown in flower at that meeting, the one called O. Bluntii being much the 
handsomer of the two. A flower of each of the two plants in question was 
sent to me by Mr. Bateman, and I beg to be allowed to state that specimens 
of both varieties were gathered by me before Mr. Blunt saw either of them; 
and, moreover, that the very specimen sent home by Mr. Blunt was given 
to him by me. The true history of the plant is as follows: While at 
Pacho, about the end of May last year, looking for O. crispum, I discovered 
this species, and returned to Bogota with plants and flowers in the month 
of June. There I met Mr. Blunt, who saw the flowers, and being much 
struck with their beauty, he asked me to give him some, which I did, 
taking them at random from the specimens I had dried. These flowers, 
sent home to his employers, were no doubt the origin of O. Bluntii. ] at 
the same time sent home plants and specimens, and wrote to the Royal 
Horticultural Society, giving a short description of the plant, and distinctly 
stating that it varied much in size, colouring, and form of the flowers, and 
especially that some were more crisp and much more spotted than others: 
In the month of July I returned to Pacho to collect more plants, and as Mr. 
Blunt was anxious to obtain some of the same kind, he accompanied me- 
We collected a large number of plants, many of them in flower, and varying 
= much and even more than the two varieties shown at South Kensingto™ 
I dried a number of spikes of the beautiful flowers, some of which I after- 
wards gave to Mr. Blunt, ea he did not dry any himself. However Wa 

) s of individual plants may be, I claim to be the sole 


Nov.-DEc., 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255 


a 


discoverer of this beautiful species, and must protest against its bearing any 
other name than that given to it by Mr. Bateman.—JoHN WEIR. 

The controversy continued for some time, and Reichenbach remarked 
(Gard. Chron., 1866, p. 8): ‘‘ For my part I believe there are two species, 
and mules, too, between them. . . . Mr. Weir seems not to have 
thought of hybrids.” Finally, in 1873, we find a painting by Mr. Day 
(Orch. Draw., xvii. t. 32), with the remark: “A suburb variety of this 
variable but always lovely species, which is now acknowledged by botanists 
to be old O. crispum, thus extinguishing the rival claimis to be called 
Bluntii or Alexandre.’ It would thus appear that even so desirable an 
acquisition as O. crispum was not recognised when it first appeared in 
cultivation. 


VANILLA IMPERIALS, Krinzl.—A fine species of Vanilla from Uganda 
has been known for some time from dried specimens, and about a year ago 
a living piece was sent to Kew by the Uganda Department of Agriculture, 
It has now flowered, and proves indistinguishable from V. imperialis, 
Kranzl., a species described in 1876 from the Cameroons (Notizbl. K. Gart. 
Berl., i. p. 155, t. 1). The flowers were compared with those of Cattleya 
Dowiana, and were described as golden yellow, with dark purple veining on 
the front of the lip. It was said to be near the West African V. grandi- 
folia, Lindl., a species still imperfectly known, but which is readily 
distinguished from V. imperialis by its much smaller bracts. The dried 
specimens above mentioned are, a fine fruiting piece from the Mabiri 
forest, collected by C. B. Ussher in 1908 ; ‘nflorescences and flowers from 
the Umyoro district, by M. T. Dawe in 1910, and a fine specimen from Fort 
Bayo, at 4000 feet elevation, by R. Diimmer. A comparison of the series 
leaves no doubt of their identity, and it is interesting to find another 
western species extending across as far as Uganda, for the fine Angraecum 
infundibulare, Lindl., has a similar distribution. Vanilla imperialis 1s a 
striking plant, with stout scandent stems, elliptical-orbicular, sessile, very 
fleshy leaves, six to nine inches long by four to five broad, axillary spikes 
with closely imbricating bracts, about an inch long, and large fleshy flowers, 
with yellow sepals and petals, over two inches long, and a dark purple lip 
With some light yellow veining, somewhat resembling Cattleya Dowiana in 
colour, with the typical Vanilla structure. They remain open for about 
five days. Itisa very striking species.—R.A.R. 

AN ABNORMAL CaTTLEYA is sent from the collection of R. W. Rickards, 
Esq., Usk Priory, Monmouthshire. The petals are exceptionally broad, 
and one of them is completely confluent with the lip, which thus occupies 
a lateral position. It is probably a mere accidental occurrence. 


256 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov,Drc., 1917- 


aa] 


2 RON THE DELL VARIETY. 
Aa CATTLEYA AST 


HE annexed figure represents the chaste and beautiful Cattleya Astron 
The Dell variety (C. Dusseldorfii Undine xX Loddigesii alba), to 
which a First-class Certificate was awarded at the R.H.S. meeting held on 


Yor 


= 


Fig. 30. CATTLEYA Astron Tue DELL var. 


November 6th last, when exhibited by Mr. J. E. Shill, gardener to Baron 
Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green. Cattleya Astron was raised in 
the collection, and was originally exhibited in August, 1914, receiving an 
Award of Merit in the following December. It comes of entirely white 
ancestry, C. Dusseldorfii Undine being from C. intermedia alba X © 
Mossiz Wageneri, while C. Loddigesii alba is probably the best white of 
Its group. It received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. 


Nov-Dec, 1917] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 257 


September, 1908, under the name of C. Harrisoniana alba Stanley’s var., 
but afterwards proved to be the white form of C. Loddigesii (see O.R., xxi. 
p. 331). The Dell variety of C. Astron is the best of the batch that has yet 
flowered, and when exhibited it carried a spike of six blooms, as shown in 
the annexed figure, for which we are indebted to the courtesy of the Editor 
of The Garden. C. Astron most resembles C. Loddigesii alba in general 
character, as might be expected, for C. intermedia alba is a very near ally, 
though the influence of C. Mossiz Wageneri may be seen in the shape of 
the petals. It is a beautiful addition to the group. It may be added that 
on November 20th another plant of this hybrid, bearing a ten-flowered 
spike, received a Cultural Commendation. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, | 
Hessle, E. Yorks. 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. i 


We have been compelled by the abnormal conditions of the time to combine the 
November and December Calendars; the treatment required during these two months, 
however, is substantially identical.—ED.]. 

. present period is generally considered to be the most difficult in 

the whole year for plants grown under artificial conditions. The 
short, and often dull days are not conducive to the welfare of the plants, 
and should changes in the outside temperatures follow each other in quick 
succession the results may well. be disastrous to tender Orchids. 
Fluctuations of temperature in the houses should be avoided as much 
as possible, and extremes of either heat or cold are injurious. 

The winter treatment of the plants must now receive strict attention as 
tegards heat, light, and moisture, the first-named largely depending. upon 
the proper use of the heating apparatus, combined with the admission of 
fresh air on all favourable occasions. Absence of fresh air makes the 
houses feel stuffy and unhealthy, so that a judicious use of the ventilators is 
mportant. They should be opened on the lee side as much as possible, so 
a8 to avoid cold draughts. Light can only be secured at this time of year 
by keeping the glass as clean as possible. 

Moisture must now be used with caution, both in the atmosphere and 
'0 the compost. Damping down depends largely upon the amount of heat 
required in the pipes to maintain the temperatures, and is hardly required 
during a spell of mild weather. The compost also remains moist for a long 
m4 except in the case of plants that are growing actively. oe 
Moisture must be given in all departments to check the rapid sea nearer of 
sect pests, such as thrip and red spider, which may quickly disfigure or 
destroy the foliage. 

CATTLEYas, Lzliocattleyas, and their allies are more appreciated at 


258 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1917. 


this season than at any other, and the number of fine autumn-blooming 
hybrids is steadily increasing, so that no difficulty is likely to be found in 
maintaining a display of their beautiful flowers. The remarks previously 
made regarding their culture should be closely followed during the present 
month, and any that are in need of new material may still be taken in hand, 
the new compost being afterwards kept on the dry side. 

SOPHROCATTLEYAS, and other hybrids derived from _ intercrossing 
Sophronitis grandiflora with allied genera, may be treated like Lzelio- 
cattleyas. Some individual plants may require special treatment during 
this sunless time of year, and the smaller ones should be stood well up to 
the light. 

Mexican La&iAs.—These like more light than the Cattleyas, especially 
when making their growths, and delight in fresh air whenever possible to 
admit it. The early varieties will now be opening their flowers ; others are 
much later, and by judiciously manipulating them the blooming period may 
be considerably extended. L. autumnalis and its chaste variety alba, with 
L. albida and L. furfuracea, will also be in bloom. These like ta be kept 
slightly cooler while making their growth, also the refractory L. majalis, 
which does best when suspended in a light position. When flowering is 
over, give the plants a good rest, allowing only enough water to keep the 
pseudobulbs from shrivelling. Pot firmly, in good rough osmunda or other 
fibre, as soon as young roots begin to push. A temperature of about 
55° F. by night and a comparatively dry atmosphere is suitable during the 
winter. 

CypPRIPEDIUMS of the winter-flowering section will now be making a fine 
display, which. will continue for a considerable period in the new year. 
There are now so many fine varieties of these useful plants that possibly no 
two people would select the same dozen as the best, and growers may select 
them according to their individual taste. We sometimes hear that these 
plants do not appeal to growers as much as formerly, but the number grown 
is enormous, and as they come into bloom they are greatly admired. As 
winter bloomers, as fog resisters, and as plants to produce flowers at the 
Christmas season they have few rivals, and they are plants which grow on 
one, and the love for them is undoubtedly acquired. They are very easily 
grown, and their culture may be attempted by any amateur. They should 
not be allowed to become absolutely dry at any season. 

Decipuous DENDRoBIUMS now at rest must have water afforded them 
with discretion for some considerable time. No shrivelling of the stems 
must be allowed for want of water at the roots, and the other extreme must 
be strictly guarded against. 

DENDROBIUM PHaLa@Nopsis and D. formosum are now in bloom, and at 
this dull season their flowers are most useful. When the blooms are over, 


Nov.-Dec., 1917-] THE ORCHID REVIEW 259 


or the scapes removed, the plants should be carefully rested ina temperature 
which does not fall much below 60° F., and receive sufficient water to 
maintain the pseudobulbs in a plump and healthycondition. The atmosphere 
should be kept fairly dry, to assist in thoroughly ripening the pseudobulbs. 
D. infundibulum, D. Jamesianum, and other which are best accommodated 
in the Cool house during the summer months, will be much better removed 
to the Cool end of an Intermediate house for the winter, and these, being 
evergreen plants, must not be allowed to suffer for want of water at any 
time. _ Other evergreen Dendrobiums, such as D. thyrsiflorum, densiflorum, 
pulchellum, and others which are now resting, should also have water 
afiorded them whenever they become dry. Although not so popular as they 
Were at one time, they are still a most interesting and fascinating class of 
plants, and deserve more extended cultivation. 

VANDA C@RULEA, for the most part, will have passed the flowering stage, 
and should be rested in a temperature of about 60°F, paying strict attention 
to the ventilation and the atmospheric condition of the house. Very little 
water at the roots will be needed; only sufficient to keep the plants from 
shtivelling. Vandas of the V. tricolor and suavis group may be repotted, if 
they have lost their leaves and become leggy. This operation should only 
be performed when real necessity arises, as they resent root disturbance at 
any time. Live sphagnum moss pressed firmly among the roots makes a 
suitable compost, and broken crocks may be added to make the whole 
Porous. Ample drainage is necessary, and each stem should be made 
“cure, and the moss sprinkled with water whenever it becomes dry. The 
plants should be stood on a damp bottom, and a temperature of 60° to 
65° F. maintained. 

ANGR&CUMS.—These interesting plants require the warmth of the East 
Indian house the whole year round, and a reasonable amount of atmospheric 
Moisture should be retained at all seasons. Being evergreen, they must 
not be allowed to remain dry for any length of time. A. sesquipedale is the 
best-known, but all the large-growing species, with the hybrid A. Veitchil, 
thrive under the same conditions. The smaller-flowered kinds which bloom 
during winter and early spring, require the same conditions as regards heat 
and Moisture, but owing to their diminutive stature they are best grown 
Suspended near the glass where they can receive all the light possible. > 
Sanderianum, I find, succeeds best grown down on the stage in a fairly 

umid position, 
These inmates of the East Indian mr Bais 
ick, = and Rhynchostylis, are not grown at the i ae Vile 
ii. their merits deserve. They will now ee tia sa Gale 
Stfficient the green tips of the roots become She e clits , 

Water jis necessary to keep the plants in a norma 5. 


260 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1917. 


Renantheras require the same treatment, but succeed with slightly less heat. 

CALANTHES.—The deciduous section will now be in bloom, and at this 
season all flowers are scarce and appreciated. When about two-thirds of 
the flowers have opened they may be removed to cooler quarters, where 
their flowering period will be prolonged. They will now need very little 
water, and as soon as the flowers are over they should be placed in their 
resting quarters on a light shelf, in a temperature of about 55° F., where no 
water will reach them. The later-flowering varieties, as C. Regnieri and 
some of the hybrids, should have every encouragement to develop their 
flower spikes. 

OponToGLossums.—Plants of O. Uroskinneri, O. bictoniense, and 
others of this section that are growing fast, and are in want of new rooting 
material, may have attention. These fleshy-rooting plants should not be 
potted too firmly, and the compost must be thoroughly porous. Like O- 
grande, they require a slightly higher temperature during the winter than 
the Columbian species ; therefore it is advisable to remove them to the cool 
end of an Intermediate house. These remarks also apply to O. Insleayi, 
O. Schlieperianum, O. Rossii, and O. Cervantesii. O. citrosmum has now 
completed its pseudobulbs, and water should only be afforded it at long 
intervals. 

MILTONIA VEXILLaRIA and its hybrids are now growing rapidly, and the 
roots are pushing through the new compost. They require care as regards 
watering, as they are not yet capable of taking full supplies. The compost 
should become dry between each application, but by the spring they will 
take water readily, and produce strong spikes. They should occupy 4 
light position in a house where a temperature of 55° F. is maintained at 
night, with a slight increase during the day. On weak delicate plants the 
leaves may remain enfolded together, in which case they should be liberated 
at once, to prevent them from becoming deformed. M. Roealii, M- 
Phalenopsis, and M. Bleuana require rather more heat, and should be 
placed in the warmest part of the house. 

SOBRALIAS.—Any plants that are pushing new roots from the base of 
the young growths may have new material afforded them, if they requife it. 
They succeed in a similar compost to that used for the green-leav 
Cypripediums, with rather more good fibrous loam added. After root 
disturbance they should be watered carefully, but when well-established 
dryness at any time must be avoided. The proper place for these plants ihe 
whole year round is the Intermediate house ; they like plenty of light. — 

CympipIuMs.—Plants of C. Lowianum and its hybrids should also enjoy 
all the light possible at this season, and those which are not as yet showing 
their flower spikes should for some little time to come still be kept o” S : 
dry side. Those in which the flower spikes are perceptible should recelve 


Nov-Dec. 1917:] . THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261 


every encouragement, and be given water at the roots whenever they 
become dry. C. insigne and its hybrids, which have been grown in the 
Cool house during the summer, will now do better if removed to a house 
where a few degrees more heat are maintained. 

EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM.— This bright-coloured Orchid deserves to be 
grown in quantity. Both the spring and autumn-flowering varieties are 
desirable, as they supply a colour that is poorly represented in our 
- collections. The plants should be well supplied with water whilst making 
their growths, and after producing their flowers a partial rest may be 
allowed. A clean porous compost answers their requirements. The 
autumn-flowering variety has just passed out of bloom, and should for some 
little time be kept on the dry side. 

PLEIONES.—P. maculata, P. lagenaria, and P. Wallichiana, as they pass 
out of bloom, may be repotted. The treatment of these delightful little 
plants has been given so frequently in these pages that there is no need to 
repeat it. I mention them so that amateurs may know that the season has 
arrived when any necessary repotting may be undertaken. 

ZYGoPETALUM Mackayl, the best-known species of the genus, succeeds 
in a stove-like temperature, and is now sending up strong spikes of bloom 
Z. intermedium, crinitum, and the hybrid Z. Perrenoudii require the same 
treatment. When flowering is over, any necessary repotting should be 
done. Being free-rooting species, plenty of pot-room and a good depth 
of compost is required. A mixture of good turfy loam and osmunda fibre, 
with sufficient crocks to keep the soil sweet and open, makes a suitable 
compost. The pots should be well-drained, and care in watering is 
neccessary until the roots have taken hold of the new compost. 

Oncip1uMs.—The dwarf, yellow-flowered O. cheirophorum, with O. 
tigtinum and some late-flowering O. varicosum, are in bloom. They 
succeed well in the Intermediate house, and after flowering must be induced 
to rest, sufficient: water only being given to keep the bulbs firm and plump. 
There is no month in the year when some species of this large genus is not 
i bloom, and there is plenty of material to select from. 

GENERAL REMARKS.—Each species of Orchid has a proper season for 
fepotting, that is to say, a season when it suffers less from root disturbance 
than at any other, hence the necessity of repotting plants at the right time. 
Twould recommend all cultivators to study the roots and their action to 
the best of their ability, as I feel sure that they will find much to instruct 
and interest them. It is by these small things that plants teach us their 

kes and dislikes, and talk to those who are able to comprehend them. 
Many Orchids are ruined by an excess of water to the ae aoe gait 
; a 
_ little when in full growth, so that both the state of the plan 
ason of the year have to be taken into consideration. 


262 THE ORCHID REVIEW. |Nov.-DEc., 1917. 


ke SOCI les: | 


RoyAL HORTICULTURAL. 
MEETING of the Society was held at the London Scottish Drill 
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster. on October 23rd, and brought 
together a fine display of Orchids, the awards consisting of one First-class 
Certificate, three Awards of Merit, three Preliminary Commendations, and 
six Medals. (The meeting held on October gth was a special Show of 
Fruits, and no other exhibits were admitted). 

Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Frederick W. Moore, W. 
Bolton, W. H. White, Arthur Dye, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, C. H. 
Curtis, F. J. Hanbury, F. K. Sander, Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, Stuart H. 
Low, and T. Armstrong. 

Before commencing the ordinary business the Chairman referred to the 
great loss the Committee had sustained in the death of Mr. Elijah 
Ashworth, Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, who had been a member for many 
years. He also alluded in suitable terms to the death of Mr. Oswald O. 
Wrigley, Bridge Hall, Bury, one of the oldest Orchid amateurs in the 
country, and moved that a message of condolence be sent to the members 
of both families on their bereavement. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

OODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM THE PREMIER.—A remarkably fine, home- 
raised seedling, of perfect shape, the sepals and petals being very broad and 
pure white, while the well-fringed lip bore a large red-brown blotch in 
front of the yellow crest, with a few smaller spots at the sides. Exhibited 
by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

L@LIOCATTLEYA ST. GEORGE BryNDIR vaR. (Lc. St. Gothard x C. 
Fabia).—A handsome form, most like the Cattleya parent, and having 
bright rosy-mauve sepals and petals, and a purple-crimson lip, margined 
with lilac, and the disc bright golden yellow. Exhibited by Dr. Miguel 
Lacroze. 

L&LIOCATTLEYA ZENO (Lc. St. Gothard x C. Luege).—Another fine 
thing, with the Cattleya shape, the broad sepals and petals being bright 


rose in colour, and the front of the lip deep ruby-crimson. Exhibited by 
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 


SOPHROCATLELIA ROEHAMPTON (parentage unrecorded).—A striking 
hybrid, having flowers of an almost uniform deep claret-purple, with a few 
pale lines in the throat of the lip. Exhibited by Dr. Miguel Lacroze. 


Nov..Dec., 1917+] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. 

OponToGLossumM ApoNnIs (hybrid unrecorded X crispum solum).—A 
remarkable seedling, the flower having very broad white segments, with 
one round claret-purple blotch on each, the latter character showing the 
influence of the pollen parent. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

Oponrocitossum AspasIA (Mars X Colossus).—Another promising 
seedling, having a flower of good shape, and regularly blotched with claret- 
red ona white ground. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong X Brown. 

OponTocLossuM Nysa (eximium X Alexandra).—A very richly-coloured 
hybrid, with the lower three-fourths of the segments closely blotched with 
_ claret-purple, and the upper part tinged with rose. Exhibited by Messrs. 
Charlesworth & Co. 

. GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), sent a fine 
spike of Cattleya Brownie with nineteen flowers, and an equally fine spike 
of Odontoglossum coronarium. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton, sent Cattleya Miguelito 
(Octave Doin x Dowiana aurea), most approaching the latter, and C. 
armainvillierensis (Warscewiczii X Mendelii), a fine thing of intermediate 
character. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged an exceptionally 
fine group, of some nire yards frontage, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal 
was awarded. It contained a fine lot of well-grown Odontoglossums, 
Cattleyas and Lzeliocattleyas, including good examples of Cattleya Dowiana 
aurea, C. Mira (Rhoda x Dowiana aurea), a pretty light sulphur-yellow 
hybrid with a deep crimson lip, Leliocattleya Appam, Le. Laura (Le. 
Seylla x C. Rothschildiana), apricot yellow with rose-coloured markings 
on the lip, a fine Vanda ccerulea, and others too numerous to mention. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a fine group, mostly hybrids, including several charming white 
Cattleyas, C. labiata Prince of Wales, white with a flush of lilac on the lip, 
forms of C, Venus, Brassocattleya The Baroness Orchidhurst var» a 
_ beautiful yellow hybrid, Sophrocattleya luminosa (Sc. Chamberlainiana x 

- Dowiana aurea), salmon-rose, with yellow lines on the lip, which is 
darker jin front, Leeliocattleya Wrigleyi, Cymbidium Ariadne, aC. 
*tythrostylum hybrid of which C. glebelandense roseum is believed to be 
the other parent, and other good things. f 

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
: 800d group, including Brassocattleya Moira (C. na x 
ag white, with a light yellow disc to the lip, 4 good aR . oe ae 

a, Cattleya Hilary (Harrisoniana X Enid), with rosy Hiac sep 
Petals, and the lip yellow with some purple in front, good forms of Cattleya 


264 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Drc., 1917. 


Moira and Fabia, and a good plant of the distinct and brightly-coloured 
Lowiara insignis (Sophrocattleya grandiflora X Brassolelia Helen). 

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group, containing Brassocatlelia President-Wilson (Lc. 
Lustre X Bc. Leemaniz), a charming light rose flower, with a darker zone 
round the yellow disc of the lip, a fine Cattleya Hardyana alba, C. 
Williamsiz alba, C. Dowiana aurea, C. Iris, Lelia Dayana delicata, 
Odontioda Diana and Evelyn, Odontoglossum Pheebe, and others. 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group, including Odontocidium Nainette (Oncidium 
incurvum X Odontoglossum Harryanum), an interesting hybrid, most like 
an enlarged edition of the former, good forms of Cattleya Hardyana, Iris, 
Fabia, Enid, and Prince John, Leliocattleya Carmencita and Pearl, and 
the fine Brassocattleya Apollo. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, also received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a good group, containing several richly-coloured Cattleya Fabia, C. Fabia 
alba, C. Prince John, Sylvia, Mantinii, and Adula, Lzliocattleya Entente, 
Bulbophyllum nudiscapum, Cypripedium Maudiz, and a few others. 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Lzliocattleya Phyllis (Lc. rubens 
x C. Dowiana aurea), a dwarf and pretty hybrid, with dark purple flowers, 
Cattleya Snowflake, and Lzliocattleya General Maude. : 

Mr. E. V. Low, Orchid Nursery, Haywards Heath, sent Leliocattleya 
luminosa aurea, two good plants of Dendrobium Phalznopsis hololeucum, 
also examples of. Cattleya Gaskelliana alba and C. Venus. 


At the meeting held on November 6th there was again a good display of 
Orchids, and the awards consisted of one First-class Certificate, three 
Awards of Merit, and four medals. 

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, j. Be 
Shill, E. R. Ashton, T. Armstrong, S. W. Flory, Walter Cobb, 1 Charles- 
worth, Sir Harry J. Veitch, F. K. Sander, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, 
Gurney Wilson, Stuart Low, and R. G. Thwaites. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

CaTTLeya AsTRoN, THE DELL var. (Harrisoniana alba x Dusseldorit 
Undine).—A most beautiful variety, bearing a spike of six pure white 
flowers with sulphur yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by Mr. j. & Shill, 
The Dell Gardens, Englefield Green. 

AWARDS OF MERIT, 

BRASSOCATTLEYA DIETRICHIANA ANSALDO’s vaR. (Bc. Leemanie C. 
Fabia).—An exceptionally fine variety, having cream-coloured sepals and 
petals tinged with lilac, and a very broad lip, which is copiously undulate 


Nov. Dec, 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265 


and fringed, the column rosy lilac in front, with the centre chrome yellow. 
Exhibited by J. Ansaldo, Esq., Rose Bank, Mumbles, Glamorganshire. 

MILTonia VENUS VAR. FASCINATOR (vexillaria x Phalaenopsis).—-A 
charming hybrid, having flowers of soft rose colour, with a yellowish base 
to the lip, and a number of radiating lines of crimson ‘spots, recalling those 
of the pollen parent. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

SOPHROCATLELIA BrYNDIR (Scl. Sandhage X Lc. Golden Oriole).—A 
fine hybrid, showing well the influence of the Cattleya ancestry, and having 
broad ruby red sepals and petals, with an orange shading, and the base of 
the midrib white, while the lip is dark claret red, with an orange-coloured 
centre and some yellow veining in the throat. Exhibited by Dr. Miguel 
Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Creswell). 

GENERAL EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), showed 
a fine plant of Cattleya Portia Lorna Fielden, bearing nine flowers, with lip- 
like colouring at the base of the lateral sepals, this being derived from C. 
labiata Lorna Fielden, which was also shown. Cattleya Gatton-Ruby 
(amabilis x Hardyana), with ruby-purple flowers, and Odontoglossum 
splendidissimum album, with pure white flowers, were also included. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Creswell), showed 
Cattleya Tityus var. Bryndir (Octave Doin X Enid), bearing a fine spike 
of four flowers. 

Mr. J. E. Shill, The Dell Gardens, Egham, showed Leliocattleya 
Hardybel (C. Hardyana X Lec. Scylla), and Le. Sunbeam, the latter from 
Cattleya Maggie-Raphael alba and some yellow Leliocattleya, the sepals 
and petals being yellow, and the lip ruby-red, with an orange-coloured disc. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Silver 
Flora Medal for a choice group, containing good examples of Vanda 
coerulea, Cattleya Dowiana albens, an imported form with pure white sepals 
and petals, C. Archimedes (Armstrongie X Fabia), C. Sultan alba, good 
examples of C. Moira, Sophrocattleya Atalanta (Sc. Ariadne X C. Fabia), 
having ruby red sepals and petals, shaded with orange, and a darker lip, 
Leliocattleya Pathan var. Domitian (Le. Dominiana X C. Dowiana aurea), 
a richly-coloured form, Miltonia Bleuana, and a few good seedling Odonto- 
glossums and Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a good group, including about a dozen and a-half 
seedling Cattleya Dowiana aurea, C. Fabia alba, a charming form of C. Enid 
with white sepals and petals, Brassocattleya Rutherfordii, Sophrocatlelia 
Meuse, and several splendidly-grown Leliocattleyas. 

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
good group, including several fine Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, C. Una 


266 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1917. 


(Rothschildiana X Cooksonii), having whitish flowers tinged with lavender, 
and Lc. Flame (Le. Elektra X C. Dowiana aurea), flame-coloured sepals 
and petals and a ruby-red lip, the rare Arachnis Clarkei, Cypripedium 
Stadium (Dreadnought x Ville de Paris), a pretty hybrid from C. niveum 
and C. Mastersianum, and other interesting things. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, also received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a good group, including Cattleya Saturn alba, the rare Leeliocattleya 
Rothschildiz, examples of Epidendrum vitellinum, Brassocattleya Cliftonii, — 
and other autumn-blooming Orchids. 

The meeting held on November 20th was marked by the appearance of 
a very brilliant hybrid from Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, to which both a 
First-class Certificate and a Silver-gilt Lindley Medal were given. The 
cther awards were a Cultural Commendation, two Awards of Merit, and 
two Medals. 

Orchid Committee present:—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the 
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. E. Shill, W. Bolton, F. J. Hanbury, 
C. J. Lucas, J. Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, Sir Harry J. Veitch, Pantia 
Ralli, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, R. A. Rolfe, F. K. Sander, E. R. Ashton, 
and Walter Cobb. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

BRASSOCATLELIA Lapy MANNINGHAM BULLER (Leliocattleya Ophir X 
Brassocattleye X Veitchii var. Queen Alexandra).—The superb hybrid 
represents quite a new break, the flower being of a nearly uniform bright 
canary yellow, rather deeper on the centre of the lip. It is large, and of 
excellent shape and substance. It is most like the Brassocattleya parent, 
with the fringe somewhat reduced, and the colour as described. The 
Silver-gilt Lindley Medal also awarded marks the appreciation of the 
Committee of its quality. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

ODONTOGLOssUM GENERAL ALLENBY (crispum nigrescens x hybrid 
unrecorded).—A promising seedling, the spike at present three-flowered, 
the sepals and petals claret-red with a narrow white margin and base, and 
the broad lip white, with a dark claret blotch in front of the yellow crest. 
(The second parent is a blotched hybrid purchased in France without 
name or record). Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black. 

SOPHROCATLELIA ANZAC vaR. Vesuvius (Scl. Marathon X C. 
Dowiana).—A brilliant hybrid, the flower being of excellent shap é; with 
broad, carmine-rose sepals and petals, and the lip rather darker in front, 
with some yellow in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 

CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 
CaTTLeya Astron.—To Mr. J. E. Shill, gardener to Baron Bruno 


Nov.-DEc., 1917.] THE. ORCHID REVIEW. 267 


Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green, for a splendidly-grown plant bearing 
a spike of ten pure white flowers, and much resembling the one certificated 
at the last meeting. 

GENERAL EXursirs. 

The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim (Orchid-grower Mr. J. Smith), 
sent Cattleya President Wilson (labiata alba X Fabia Blenheim var.), a 
charming thing, having cream-white sepals and petals, and some crimson 
crimson markings on the front of the lip, and C. Vesuvius (Venus Iris), 
a brightly-coloured hybrid, but not yet fully developed. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), exhibited 
Brassocatlelia Antoinette (C. Portia coerulea xX BI. Helen), a really 
remarkable thing, the flowers being large, and having very broad bright 
purple segments, with a slight violet tinge, and the broad lip resembling 
that of C. Bowringiana in character, though with an obscure fringe. The 
plant, however, had more of the character of the pollen parent. It will be 
interesting to see what other seedlings are like. 

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a choice group, in which Cypripediums and the Cattleya group 
were well represensed. We noted a fine form of Cattleya Venus, of the Iris 
type, C. Moira magnifica, C. Maggie-Raphael alba, C. labiata Mrs. E. 
Ashworth, white with a purple blotch on the front of the lip, Leliocattleya 
Alma (Le. Ernestii x C. Dowiana), yellow, with some red veining on the 
lip, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, Odontioda Diana, and other good things. _ 

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, also received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine group, the centre being made up of a number of well- 
flowered Epidendrum vitellinum, interspersed with white Odontoglossums 
of the xanthotes type, giving a charming effect. We noted also examples 
of Odontoglossum eximium, Odontioda Hypatia (Odm. armainvillierense X 
Oda. Diana), claret-red with a few narrow white markings, the very distinct 
Sarcopodium Ccelogne, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, Cattleya Portia and 
Miguelito, with other good things. 

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a pretty little group, 
including well-grown plants of Odontioda keighleyensis and Lambeauiana, 
Brassocattleya Penelope (C. Fabia x Bc. Maroniz), Cattleya Bellona, 
Enid, and Fabiata, and Sophrocattleya Pearl. . 

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent a good form of Sophrocatlelia 
Eros, and a well-blotched Odontoglossum. 


MANCHESTER & NorRTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. 
A meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday, 
October 4th, 1917, when the members of Committee present were: The 
Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, 


268 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1917. 


J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A:° R. 
Handley, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, J. McNab, W. Shackleton, 
H. Thorpe, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Leliocattleya Queen Marie var. ashlandensis (Lc. Walter Gott x C. 
Dowiana aurea), and Cattleya Venus var. Colossus, a very fine form; from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Princess Royal var. Fire King (Fabia x Hardyana), a well-set 
flower of intense colour ; from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Cattleya Harold var. Drapeau Blanc (Gaskelliana alba x Warscewiczii 
Frau Melanie Beyrodt) ; from Mrs. S. Gratrix. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Brassocattleya Soprano (Bc. Mrs. J. Leeman xX C. iridescens), and 
Cypripedium Atherton Walker (aureum Surprise X Gaston Bultel) ; from 
Mrs. Gatrix. 

Leliocattleya fulva aurea (Lc. Golden Oriole x C. fulvescens), and 
Cattleya Astron var. alportensis (Harrisoniana alba xX C. Dusseldorfi 
Undine) ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya Fabiata (Fabia x Portia), and C. Fabiata var. Champion ; 

from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

Cattleya Sybil magnifica; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Leliocattleya Adrienne (Juno X St. Gothard); from Dr. Craven Moore. 

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum eximium album (Ist Class), and O. amabile var. ash- 

landense (2nd Class) ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 
FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

To Mr. C. Branch, for Cattleya Iris var. Coriande, and Odontoglossum 
crispum xanthotes, carrying two branched spikes each with about 30 flowers. 

To Mr. J. Law, for Cattleya Harrisoniana, carrying three spikes of 
flowers. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. 
Mr. C. Branch), for a very fine group, in which varieties of Dendrobium 
Phalznopsis were effectively staged with a number of good Cattleyas, 
Leliocattleyas, Cypripediums, and Odontoglossums. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a fine group of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, and 
Leliocattleyas. 

Silver Medals were awarded to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le- 
Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall), for a group of choice Cypripediums; to 
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for a fine group, in which plants of 
Vanda ceerulea, Brassocattleya Maronii, Oncidium varicosum, and O. 
incurvum album were effectively staged with a number of good Cattleyas, 


Nov.-Dec., 1917 ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269 


Leliocattleyas, and Cypripediums ; and to Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for 
a fine group of Cattleyas and Cypripediums. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. 
Mr. J. Law); Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes); S. 
Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes); Dr. Craven Moore, 
Victor Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., 
Haywards Heath: and Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, several of them 
appearing in the above Award list. 

At the meeting held on October 18th the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ash- 
worth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, A. Hanmer, 
F. Houghton, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, J. McNab, H. Thorp, 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FITST-CLASS CERT IFICATES. 

Cattleya Thora var. Leeana (Mrs. Pitt X Empress Frederick), C. Fabia 
var. Prince of Wales, and Odontoglossum Queen Maatkha; from W. R. 
Lee, Esq. 

Leliocattleya Britannia var. Hermione (C. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie 
Beyrodt x Lc. Canhamiana), Lc. Mita (C. Fabia x Lc. Golden Oriole), 
and Cattleya Ivernia (Mossiz Wageneri X intertexta alba); from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Leliocattleya pumila alba, and Cattleya Venus var. Cyclops; from R- 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Charlesworthii Merle Dene var., and Cattleya Marmion 
(Haroldiana % Empress Frederick) ; from A. J, Oakshott, Esq. 

Cattleya Dionysius var. superba (C. Fabia x Warscewiczii), and Leelio- 
cattleya Marina var Dreadnought ; from P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontioda Joan var. Cramore ; from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Awarps OF MERIT. 

Cattleya Sybil var. aurea, and C. Bowringiana magnifica; from J. J. 
Bolton, Esq. 

Cattleya Hardyana Robiana and C. Naida var. superba; from R. Ash- 
worth, Esq. 

Leliocattleya luminosa The Knowle var. (L. tenebrosa Walton Grange 
var. X C. Dowiana aurea), and Lc. Clive var. Golden Beauty (L. prestans 
X C. Dowiana aurea); from John Hartley, Esq. 

Cattleya Hardyana Houghton’s var.; from F. Houghton, Esq. 

Cypripedium Muriel var. amethystinum, a well-coloured form; from 
R. W. Rickards, Esq. 

’ Brassocattleya Lisette (Bc. Marie X C. Dowiana aurea) ; from Messrs 
i J.& A. McBean. 


270 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Drc., 1917. 


First-cLass AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 

Odontoglossum Davenportii ; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

To. Mr. S. Findlow, for a magnificent specimen of Odontoglossum 
grande, carrying over 70 flowers (a Silver Medal also being awarded), and 
Cypripedium Charlesworthii Merle Dene var. 

To Mr. C. Branch, for Odontoglossum Queen Maatkha. 

A Gold Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. C. 
Branch), for an exceptionally fine group of Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, and 
Cypripediums, with plants of Dendrobium Phalznopsis, Brassocattleya 
King-Emperor, and others. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), for a very fine general group. 

Silver Medals were awarded to J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. 
Law); Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sanders, St. 
Albans, for fine general groups. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range 
(gt. Mr. J. Howes) ; A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow); P. 
Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Thompson); John Hartley, Esq. 
Morley (gr. Mr. Coupe) ; F. Houghton, Esq., Appleton (gr. Mr. Maddock) 
Dr. Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); R. W. 
Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, Monmouthshire ; and Messrs. J. & A. McBean, 
Cooksbridge, several of which appear in the above list of Awards. 

At the meeting held on November 1st the members of Committee 
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ash- 
worth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. 
Foster, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. of Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, J. 
McNab, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

FIRST-cLAss CERTIFICATES. 

Cattleya Sava-Queen var. exquisita (Suzanne Hye de Crom X Gaskel” 
liana alba), a large, well-set flower, white, with distinct markings on the 
lip; Sophrocattleya Thwaitesiz (S. grandiflora x Catleya Mendelii), a 
flower of even colour, with yellow edges to the lip; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium John Hartley (Reginald Young X Shogun), a very fine 
round flower, with broad segments: from John Hartley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes var. The Gentlewoman, a large 
flower, distinctly spotted; from W.-R. Lee, Esq. 

Leliocattleya Myrrha var. superba (Lc. Gottoiana xX C. Dowiana), 4 
well-shaped flower, of even colour; from P. Smith, Esq. 

Cattleya Fabia Imperator, a magnificent flower, of brilliant colour, with 
intense lip ; from Messrs. Sanders. 


pene a ae ek ee 
pate SNe TAS POSE Et oes Maes Ber eases 


Nov.-Dec., 1917.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum amabile Ashworthiz, O. punctatum var. Princess Maud, 
Cattleya labiata Pride of Southgate, C. Corona (Mantinii x Hardyana), C. 
Linda Ashworth’s var. (Arachne X Dowiana aurea), C. Fabiata and 
Brassocattleya Cliftonii var. Ashworthize; from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Astron var. Madonna (Dusseldorfii Undine x Harrjsoniana 
alba), Leliocattleya Armada West Point var. (Lc. luminosa X C. 
fulvescens), Brassocattleya Oberon Sander’s var. (Bc. Veitchii x C. 
Schroederze), and Cypripedium Actzus ; from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya Portia Heathfield var., and Leliocattleya Serbia var. Princess 
Patricia ; from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

FirsT-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

To Mr. E. Rogers, for Pleione lagenaria. 

To Mr. J. Law, for Cattleya Portia Heathfield var. 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch 
(gr. Mr. Davenport), and W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. C. Branch), 
for very fine groups of autumn-flowering Orchids. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Col. Sir John Rutherford, Bart, MP, 
Blackburn (gr. Mr’ J. Lupton); John Hartley, Esq., Morley (gr. Mr. 
Coupe), and to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine general groups. 

The Exors. of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. E. Rogers), staged 
four plants of Odontoglossum grande aureum, Cypripedium Bianca, 
Cattleya armainvillierensis, the rare Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum, and 
Pleione lagenaria. 

Interesting exhibits were staged by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range 
(gr. Mr. J. Howes); J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr. Mr. J. Law) 22:7: 
Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson), and Messrs. 
Sanders, St. Albans, several of which gained awards, as recorded above. 

The Secretary regrets to report the deaths of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., of 
Bury, and Elijah Ashworth, Esq., of Wilmslow, gentlemen who were, with 
others, instrumental of the foundation in the Society, and keen lovers of 
Orchids. 

en 

OrcHIpS IN AUSTRALIA.—I am glad to say that Orchids are exempt 
from the topsyturveydom of the war, and strikes, which are always with us 
in Australia. I find their cultivation a great solace. I have just bloomed 
- upwards of one hundred plants of Phalznopsis, mostly P. Schilleriana. 
Many had forty to fifty blooms, and they made a grand show. I have 
about five hundred seedling Cypripediums in all stages, some of flowering 
size. Iam succeeding with all classes of Orchids now.—ARTHUR YATES, 
Sydney, N.S.W. 


272 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Nov.-Dec, 19 7 


E 


HE remaining meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the year 
will be held at the London Scottish Drill Hall on November 6th and 

zoth and December 4th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the 
usual hour, 11.45 a.m. The first meeting in the New Year is fixed for 


ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. 


January 15th. 


The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings 
at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Nov. Ist and 15th and Dec 6th. 
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection 
from 1to-4p.m. The first meeting of the New Year is fixed for January 3rd. 


The opening meeting of the session of the Kew Gardeners’ Mutual Im- 
provement Society was held on Monday, October 15th, the subject being 
“A Talk about Orchids,” by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S. 


We have to thank an old correspondent across the water for a highly 
complimentary letter respecting the Orchid Review, and he concludes: 
‘‘ May the weight of years burden you but little in your good work. Finally, 
when we have that peace which we all crave, commemorate with a coloured 
plate each month, even if the cost goes to war prices.” The question ofa 
coloured plate has several times been raised, and we have no doubt it would 
be highly popular, as so many remarkable and beautiful hybrids are con- 
stantly being raised, and nothing short of colour can do justice to the 
subject. But will not some of our wealthy Orchidists step in and make 
such a thing possible ? 


ee ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. | 


[Orchids are named and questions haga here as oa as acangces Meni sep are 
requested to dy katie - fesived, or | set arape é of fee An ED postcard must be 
sent if ly by post is desired (abroad, ol ost I 
interest pats be dealt with in ai body of t i tll Postar ‘ow be wed). pena of — 


Gs “La Mosca” is a species of the remarkable Andine 
enus Telipogon, which 
has never established itself in caltivation, probably because of the diffic ulty af vetting | the 


plants home alive. It ranges from Ecuador to Costa Rica 
, and there are many species. 
he flower ser sent is not yet identified. The other is Sigmatostalix costaricensis, Rolfe 


UI ee. —There is not the slightest doubt abont Cattle 
a Warscewiczii. A fine 
pgseirrairinghies specimen and a painting from YScewicz bine lf are preserv ved in 
: oe Herbarium at Kew, wed the species was described by Reichenbach as long ago 

F.S.M.—From the Prensa: “vom be should sa 
, y that both are forms of Cattleya labiata, 
ses: varies much i in colour. The second nameis of no importance and should be discarded- 
~The Citlogyne has aut ye been identified, 


INDEX. 


ACQUIRED characters, 28. 

Adaptations, 28. 

Aérides Borassi, 173; Carnosum, 
cylindricu m, 64 ; decumbens, 197 : ven 

243 5 

: latifolia 
1g; teeniale, 197 ; 

Albinism and Colour in Orchids, 6, 30. 

Amateur’s difficulties, 55. 


Angraecum bilobum 


9; fit bp oides, II ; 
tk; 95 primulinum, 1 


; Sanderianum, 


kts: natural hybrid, 11. 
Angrzecums, II, 259. 
Anguloa Clowesii (noble specimen of), 2 


eburnea, 151; uniflora, [51 ; Sods, 
151. 


Answers to edo goer 24, 48, 72; 95, 
120, 144, 168, 192, , 240, 272; 

Ancectochilus sikkimensis, 245. 

Anthogonium gracile, 244; var. alba, 244. 

Arachnanthe Lowii, 167, (seen bog col- 
oured spectacles), 79. 

Arundina bambuszefolia, 244. 

_ Atmospheric moisture, 14 


Bateman, James, Aerie to hybrids, 
on Calanthe Veitchii, 249. 


Bentham on Reichenbach, 223. 

Bernard, N., Orchid fungi, 190. 

Bifrenaria Harrisoniz, 184. 

Bollea ccelestis, 56, 57 ; Lalindei, 56. 

_ Bollea, the genus, 56. 

Bolleas, 56. 

Books, Horticultural Directory and Year 
Book, 70. 


Brassavola me abl lip of, 170, 241; re- 
crossing w : 
Brassia arcuigera, 222. 
Brassias, Peruvian, 222 


Brassocatllia Antoinette 267 ; Baroness, 
6. chi 


242 


T, 
Queen of the Belgians, 91 ; Truffautiana, 


249 3 | 


ik 


Brassocattleya Diana, 30 ; Dietrichiana, 30; 
. Ansaldo’s var., 264; Douamont, 30; 
Floryi, 66; Ilene The Bride, 4 Le La idy- 


Jellicoe, 91 ; caay A 210°; Lisette 
269 ; Lotos, 235 ; 203 ; Q 
Bois, 30; eron Sa agers "Ss Var, pe : 


Penelope, 43, mS Pocaliontas alba, 41: 
Princess-Ena ex, 210; Sofrano 
40 Soprano, 268; ene 68 ; or 
son 

ae Balfourianum, 187 ; cylindra- 
ceum, 245; Ericssonii, 185 ; nan- 
thum, 245 ; mirum, 90; penicillium, 245. 


CALADENIA Patersonii, 39. 

meme os oo 244; Veitchii, 249, (at 
Mr. R r’s), 249 ; vestita, 76. 

Saiats, hs 207, 260. 

Carteretia paniculata, 196. 

Catasetum, females of, 154 ; sexuality in, 154 

Catasetums, 87. 

Cattleya Acis, 202 ; Eneas, 234; Albion, 


Alcimedia Snowstorm, 21 ; Aliciz, 
; Archi 


a and its hybrids, ig 2 25% ; Brenda, 
19; Browniz, 32; Capella, Charm, 
165; Claesiana alba Canibus var., 18 ; 
Clotho, 42 wig 6; Cowan'z 
237 5 


; 
en, 


ion), 6 


2 
disease of), 58 ; 
Warneri alba), 235 ; Enid alba var. Fairy 
Queen, 94 5 Fabia, 225; F. alba, 3) 226 ; 
F. a. Mme. Ed. Debrie, oO; F. nset, 
225% Raa: Sander, 443 ie Easkelana (x 
Le. 
Hardyana, 25, 28, 8 
var. — — 202 ; Hilary 
Har eaa Blanc 
iastis sg Savoyar ard, i 
184 ; rag Orchidhurst Var. 235; 
Tera. gn gr omy elegans, 251; 


s. E. Ashworth, 251 ; : 


As 
digesii alba, 256 ; Ma 
69; Magali- i-Sander ened, 143 " 


274 


Cattleya— 
Marmion, 269; Mary-Sander, 43; mel- 
ita, ; 


odboa, 12; Miguelito, 263; Mura, 263; 
Monastir, 18; Mossize, 105, (white vars.), 
106 ; Mrs t Charlesworth’s var., 210; 
Naidia exquisita, 210 ; Olivia, 231 ; Lg | 
dent - Wilson, 267; Prin Jo 
Dorothy Sharp, 236; Princess- Patricia, | 
240 ; Princess-Royal, ; Regina, 235 
Rosita Orchidhurst var., 188 ; Sava-Queen | 
; | 


Oe Vi 
187 ; W. rochellensis. 210; W. 
47; William, 78; Zephyr, 43: 


pepirne abnormal, 255 ; ; Fungus, 189; 
see is (germination ot), 189; I91; 203; 
scar 


Cattleyas, 355 62, 8s, 108, 133, 159, 179; 
albino, 6; autumn: “blooming, 239; labiate 
(distribation, of), 28; white (origin of), 6, 


Calospora Vanillz, 58. 


Calendar of Operations, 13, 34, 61, 84, 108, 
133, 156, 178, 205, 228, 257. 


Charlesworth, J., and J. Ramsbottom, 
Structure ot Orchid Leaves, 47, 53, 54. 


Characters, acquired and heritable, 28. 
Chysis bractescens, 150. 
Cirrhopetalam longidens, 193. 
Cochlioda and its hybrids, 181. 


Cochlioda Hosbena, 98, (and colour), 7, (as 
a parent), 53. 


Cockroaches, a stirring ea depicted by 
George Cruikshank, 16 | 


Coeliopsis hyacinthosma, 107. 

insti! bed cristata 24a ‘maculata, 29 z) 
pandurata,- 240; preecox,- 29, eeneione 
State op 7 ; Re Shanta iene, 833 
iana, 213; Wallichiana, 29. 

Coelogynes, 135. 


| 
Cogniaux & — Dictionnaire des | 
Orchidées, § | 

i 

| 

5 


Colour, constancy of, 8; dominance, 8. 


INDEX, 


Colours, union of diverse, 8. 
Composts, 34. 
gotheys ine Feildingii, 198 ; macrantha, 198, 


199. (fi 199, 200 ; sas rys 
207 5 vba var. ‘vitrina, 200, 20 


@ Coryanthes, bee rae fertilises, 200; flowe 
“hon 


of, 199; Of, 109 ; stuctite 
of, 199. 


| Cross-fertilisation, 28. 


Cruikshank, G., Drawings by, 160. 


Crisp, Sir Frank and Lady, 215. 


-Cycnoches eae seeds 


of, 
Egertonianum (male and female fowers 
153; Miss Aer “dtivilip. igs; 
ianum, ¢3, 213; Warscewiczii, 53, 213. 


Cycnoches, 53, 87, 152 5 i sexual dimorphism 
in, 152, 154; “sports,” 152. 


po os pian 104; albuczflorum, 
107; Alexanderi, 60, 102; A. var. 
celeste, He ; aloifoliain, 173, 174) 175» 


t 
173; Butterfly, 103; Capella, 43, 104; 
Castor, 103; C. var. aureum we 
finch, 104; Coningsbyanum, 


Cooperi, 103; Corona, 4, 60, 66, Se 
crassifolium, 174; Diana, 104; D. flava, 
139; Doris, 101 ; Dryad, 102; elegans, 
244 ; erectum, 173; Finlaysonianum, 174; 
nsigne 
its hybrids), tote (hybrids a) 60 ; 
sis 73 120 signigrinum, 96, 104 ; Lona, 
a Das 102; Lawren ceanum, 102; 
Hirsaber 184; m adidum, 106; Mannii, 
745 avis, 103 § 
Munronianum, 
Beardwood var., 117; 


po ae 44 anum (seeds of), 
166; tricolor, 174; oa oe 103 ; 
Wallichii, ee Winnianum, 80, 8 


Cymbidium section Aloifolia:, 175. 


| Cymbidiums, 62 109, 260; from Bristol, 60. 


INDEX. 


(X Boxallii), i 


Cypripedium Actzeus 
Alethea 


Actzeus ashlandense, No. 3, 2 
44 3 Rak worthii, 251 ; 


124, 125; 
candidum, 125; caudatum, 130-132, 147, 
149 3c, varieties: of, (32; Cc. roseum, 132; 


132, 149; 
Chardwar, en Col. Carey-Batten, 118; 
; cordigerum, 125 ; Curlew, | 
Dauthie eri, 52, 53 (sports of), 52, ae 
noua oS 25 Desdemona Ha 
I., 72 


mianum var. Cardinal Mercier, 42, 
Lloyd-George, 68 ; macranthum, 124, 12 
m. album, 124; Madame Albert Fevrier 
Chadwar var., 18; Marshal Haig, 45; 
Mary, 65 ; Maudie, 82; PE TOPACEOS, 15 3 
m. album, 124; mirum, 31 ntanum 


| 
{ 


125; Mrs. de Laszlo, at: Mrs Rickabie | 


22; Nigger, 45; niveum The Grange var., 
161; Perseus, 94 ge aga Dame, 41 


purpuratum, I00; 116; ees 
Hood, 234; Sedenit (abnormal, 1975 | 
speciosum, 124; Stadi = 

var. platytenium, se cig ae: | 


sige nt 124 5 ventiiconie, 124, 125 


v. album ; Verdun, 45 ; Vesuvius, 2r3 
Warsceicr 432; Winnia num, 60; 
Wrigleyi, 


Cypripedium, a dimerous, 192; a freak, 
“from South Africa,” 171 ; 3-flowered, ae 
seeds (germination of), 191, 


es apy 35, 85, 134, 207; natural 
» 124; Siberian, 124; raised by Mr. 
n, 81; ; Winter- -blooming, 239, 258. 


Cyrtochilum bictoniense, 182. 


DARWIN’s theory, 27. 
Davenport, Mr. S., 24. 


ue ee a on collection, 99; Orchid 
r 


Dendrobium acuminatum, 159, 161; Arthur, 
hworth, 251; earee, 94; bifal ce, 
pai biagperh rar ocry 196; Clio, 154; for- 
206 ; Gatton-Jewel, 89; Gatton- 


j 


| Durham, C. B., Orchid Drawings, too. 


275 
Dendrobium— 
Monarch, 89 ; Helius, 89 ; ‘illustre Bartels- 


um, 138; i. var. Florence Bartels, 137; 
Lady-Southgate, 89 ; Lutwycheanum, 154; 
i be i ii 


rmale, 1 

Phalzenopsis, 110, 232; ramosum, 245 ; 

olfeze (x Salteri), 92; Ruckeri, 245 ; 
Salteri (x Rolfex), 139;  strebloceras 

. Rossianum, 213; tetragonum, 553 
Treacherianum, 159; Victoria-Regina 
251, Wardianum candidum, 95; Wol- 
lastonii, 2. ~ 


Dendrobiums. 86, 135, 206, 2 58 ; Giilian, 
55; buds going off ; dadidnank 63,179. 


Diacrium bicornutum, 50. 
Dichza ciliolata, 193. 
Difficulties of an amateur, 55. 


Dominy, ws and hybrids, 249; Muling 
203. 


Orcdids, 


era 196; bifalcis, 196; Braceana, 197; 

e, 197 ; philippinensis, 197; pulc her. 

ms 195, I9 fg ene 197 ; tenialis, 
197, 245 ;. Wightii, 


EPICATTLEYA adboa, 12 ; plicaboa, 12. 


Epidendrum aloi des, 175s alcdolign. | 
1755 ciliare (X Cattley a), 166, (in 


141; organens 
polybulbon, 65 ; ‘var. au reum, 65 ; pre 
= prismatocarpum, 180, (lea homed 

(sere ondiadum, 96 ; tricarinatum, 
ys 3 *telnnta, 261. 


Epiphronitis Veitchii, 180. 


Eria albolutea, 193 ; extinctoria, 5. 


* Eulophia durbanensis, 194 ; elegantula, 194 ; 


obcordata, 194; triloba, 194. 


A 
,} Eulophiella Elizebetha: (x Peetersiana), 51 ; 
Rolfei, 51, 67. 


Environment, 28. 
Events of 1916, I. 


Evolution by means of by ages gs 26; 
divergent, 28 ; experiments in, - n the 


past, 146; the time element, 14 


236 

FOWLER, J. Gurney, 122. | 
Freaks and monstrosities, 146. | 
Fungus Co-operation in Orchid roots, 190. | 


GALEANDRA Batemanii, 150; Baueri,’ 150 ; 
cristata, 150. 


Gardeners’ Magazine, 24. 
‘Geographical re-arrangement, 28. 
Genotyphes, stable, 28. 

Ghent Quinquennial Show, 98. 
Ghose, Messrs. G. & Co., 244, 245. 
Goodyera hispida, 245. 

Govenia limbata, 184. 


Gover, Mr. F., 70. 


Gynandria Monogynia, the priceless, 171. 


Habitats of Orchids, 145. | 
Harris, John, and Hybridising, 203. | 
Hemileia americana, 58. 

Hemptinne, Count J. de, 122. 


Herbaria, value of, 184. 


‘Hexadesmia crurigera, 128. ° 


History, the making of, 184. 


Hybridisation, 28 ; a cause of variation, 28 ; 
alternative met hods, 2 42 ; 


; and Gon | 
73) 74, 169; a question 7, Opportunity, 28 ; | 
defined, 28 ; pioneer of, 203 ; progre ss in, 
109) 241; union of diverse gharabters 
169. 


| 
Hybridist, aims of, 6, 8 ; and colour, 6, 8, 30! 
Hybrid analysis, 27 ; nomenclature, 26, 242 4 


Hybrids, 27, 73, 246 (and species), 243; | 
composition ot, 73, 74; confusion among, | 


parentage, 217, 218; 


| 
7; names of, 242; | 
ste 
| 
| 
cession of, 73; 
Tai. | 


econ: 
cae Shree among, 73, 74, |- 


INDEX. 


INHERITANCE and Evolution, 243. 


Java, Flora of, 12€, 127 ; Orchids of, 126. 


Jordanons, 27. 


KERNER and the Origin of Species, 28. 


Kew and new Orchids, 127; great cleaning 


house, he Orchids at, 100; scientific 
activity at, 127. 
Kew Bulletin, 127, 216. 
ew Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement 
ey: 272. : 
Si 196. 
dec withers, 197:; 


Kingiella, 196 ; Hebe, 
197, hl A philippenensis, 197 ; Steffensii, 
197 ; tenialis, 197, 245. 


| LABELLING, methods of, 217. 


Labels, misplacement of, 217. 


Lelia Adiritiine. 119; Boothiana, 155; 
cinnabarina (x _E. prismatocarpum), 53; 
Coronet, 48 ; Cowanii, ei Degeestiana, 
48; grandis var. purpurea, 155; eae a, 
48 ; Jongheana Behworthi yo ; 
145, o. I rhc 145; 1555 ; 
phylla alba thome-abed), 
2353  alb 


Rivieri, 155 5 superbiens, 49; Susa 
119; tenebrosa (X Diana), 119, (X 
pt cckorarpcns’ 53; xanthina, 8, 24, 
242. 


Lzlias, 157 ; Mexican, 258. 


var too be Adrienne, 268 ; Agnes, be 
Alma, 267; Appam, 209; Aries, 1°; 
Aerie West fete var., 271; Arras, 164: 
ghiesLil 218 ; ne, 41 ;. Beatrice. 69; 
boarina, 26; Braceeestiye sr a8: 
11ps: ’ 


var. Golden Fleece, 211 ;. Circe, 1235 
Colombia, 124 ; Coane 2333 


INDEX 


Eceliocattldya— 
crismoloboa, 12.13; Daphne, 66; Flam 


266 ; fulva aurea, 268 ; General- Mande’ 


9; ‘Goodm manti, 90; Golden-Queen, 211 ; 
. Harclon, 19 ; We rdy bel, 265 ; "Helene, 


seur qr 2183 Marion 189; Miranda, | 


On 
MN 
<a 
o 
pe 
= 
“B 
of 
oO 
> 
nag 
< 
PS 
es 


Var, 1 262 ; 
Trident, 65 ; Tydea, 202 ; yeast I4I ; 
S. var. Aurora, 164 ; Watsonii, 115 ; Wrig- 

leyi, 33, 251 ; Zena, 236 ; Zeno, 262 


Leaf-structure of hybrid Orchids,.53, 54. 
Limodorum tuberculosum, 183. 


Lindley, Dr., 75 ; Herbarium, 79 ; honours, 


oh bituary notice, 78; —— to, — 
221; work of, 75,77, 78, 79; works, 78 | 


79; Lindley, otras Register, 78 ; COL. 
lectanea Botanica, 7 


Lotzy, Dr. J., on Evolution by means of 
hybridisation, 26. 


Low, Edward V., 122. 
Lowiara insignis, 264. 


Lye Janetz, 52, 214; Rossianam wee 
Skinneri, 112, 113; (at Bridge Halli, Bes 
£2; 


MANCHESTER and North of England Orchud 
Society, 21, 44, 68, 93, 113, 142, 164, 212, — 
143. | 


236, 267 ; awards of, 1 


Maron, Cb., Albinism and Colour in Orchids, - 
bs OS. 


Marshall, William, as an exhibitor, 253. 


seers ei 


277 


| oo racemosa, 151 ; r. Crossii, 151 ; 
na, 80. 


Winn 
teisiace Shepheardii, 193: spathacea, (84, 
Maxillarias, 180. 

Mead, T. L., Cattleya Bowriagiana 12, 


pak aaa endotrachys, ERI 5, velutinum, 
aca: on constant hybrids, 243. 


Mendelian absence, 242, 243 ; Re Sontecpinic 


characters, 240, hast -243 ; amalysis 
ominance, 242 ; istatie (ews 242; 
germ plasm pee seats of), 242; homo- 


zygotes, 28; hypost ake characters, 242 ; 
nomenclature, 242, 243 ; pairs, 243; ratios, 
243 ; recessive characters, 242; u 

characters, 243. 


Mendelians, 242. 


Mendelism, 242 ; and Evolution, 243; and 
Orchids, 6, 8, 25. 


se ing cuneata hybrid, 194: Fairy-Queen, 
| sabe 


-Sander, 187; . Lyoth var. 
Co rn iat, : wa rincess-Mary, 162 ; 
c. ii, 129; s. 67; V var. Sigouns 
1,205 5 ve detmeta: 86, 172, 260; v. var. 
Sir Merv vyn Buller, 161; v. Westonbirt 
var., 136. 
Miltonias, 15, 179, 230. 
Miltonioda Ida, 140; Thora, ail. 


Mistakes in Orchidology, 150, 182, (causes 
71, 184. 


t Modtbcntions. 27. 
Mormodes, 87 ; Cogniauxii, 59. 


_ Moscow Orchid Society, 122. 


Myanthus, 154. 


Myrmecophila chionodora, 51; c¢. var 
Kimballiana, 51 ; Galeottiana, oe Hum- 
boldtii, 51 ; lepidissima, 51; Sanderiana, 


5I PT homiepelatiag 51 ; tibicinis, 51. 


Myrmecophila, the genus, 50. 


AMES, a. of, 171; florists’, 218, 242 
ybrids, 12, 25, 26: for seedlings ae 
E identical parentage, 242 ; Jumble names, 
2, 25, 26; notin accordance ith rales, 
48 of four or og words, 218 ; specific, 
218, 240, 242 ; varietal, 218, 242 ; vernacu- 
lar, 13. 


Nanodes Medusa, 58. 


Neocogniauxia monophylla, 59, 


Neotinea intacta, 220. 


278 


Nomenclature, easy, 76; confusion yu rer; 
descriptive, 26 ; euphonious, 26 ; 
76; innovationsin, 26; of penal peli 
26; 7. hybrids, 26 ; jumble names, 12, 25, 
26; law of priority, 223; scternblabie: 218. 


Novelties yet to be discovered, 238. 


OBITUARY—Elijah Ashworth, 251 


Prof. | 

Alfred hy i x sa = onel SBE ie | 
ar Fanyau, 59; | 
orge Mas-ee, | 


168 ; John Day, 99; 

William Marchail, 3505 ‘Geo 
V.M.H., 58; Prot. Daniel Oliver, F.R.S., 
aggre Thompson, 31; arles 
aes 


pe 
2.7. 
Win 
je 


Odontioda Ada, 140; Adonis, 116; 
Amethyst, on Armsitoopil 0 aurea var. 
Auror 163 
Borne, 
shawie, 170; Brenda, 1; Brewii, 52; 
Cardinal, 137; Caress Orchidhurst var, 
Char lesworthii oe a 523 

II 


67; keighleyensis, 42; Ie 
68; Madeline, 52, wae : var. auriferum, 
141; M. var. Prince, 20; M. var. 
Opal, 67; M praia 543 
Lional Crawshay, 186, Orio 92; 
Patricia, 52; Prince, 162 ; rosefieldiensis, 

aS, Roydii, em ensati ot. 
Quentin, 91, 142; Tigris, 
Vivienne, 118 ; Pith accel gl. 


‘memoria 
a, 189 ; 


Odontioda, the first, 98. 
Odontiodas, variation in, 52. 
Odontocidium Nainette, 264. 


Odontoglossum Adonis. 
140; Alcibiades, 65 ; Alexandre, 253, 2 
255, (history of), 254 


cre, 66; armainvillierense memoria J 
Gurney Fowler, 2 ; Aspasia, 263 ; atropur- 
pureum, 178; Bade gamerk. 194 ; Bagdad, 


94; Berewic, 194; bictoniense, 182; Bluntii 


253. 254,255 ; Borowart, 194 ; Bullecourt, 
140; carinferum, 224; ra memori 
Lionel Crawshay, 186; 


Conqueror, 42 
Corona, 92 ; coronarium var. flavum, 1 17 e : 


Oswald Osmond Wrigley, | 


B acheham, | 
» 194; Brad- | 


263; Ber 


INDEX. 


| Odontoglossum— 
crispum, 73 1 175, I 253, 255, (flowered 
for first time in jes ae tion), 252, (in a wild 
state), 73, (with branched spikes), 177; ¢. 


Lard Kitche 
LS canon hai 


ar. at. 83, 
ne "ob, 83 3; c. Lehmannii, 83, 953 
Dor 


tum, 83, 95; Delta, ris 
_ Orchidhurst var., 20; Dr. Andrea Angel, 
Le 00°: Electra, 119 ; eximium album, 268 ; 
| exultans var. Vulcan, 89; F 66, 93 ; 


266 ; eee, 182; Gorizia, 1 hasti- 
hy sear, 


ferum,- 224; fuscatu 224; 
harvengtense aureum, 163; ‘cliesaie 
60; Hybla, 140; Iconum, 115; illust- 
worth, 45; Isonzo, 140; James O’Brien 


93; Lady Maude, 


118; Leeanum, 142; uls 
var. splendens, 94; Mars, 21; Mary, 93; 
Mersey-Star, 68; Minos, 164; Modus, 
165; nzvium, 182, 183; Noetzlianum, 98 ; 
Norta, 67; Nysa, 263; odoratum, 182 ; 


Penelope, 234 ; aia var. rotunda, 44 ; 
Pescatorei var. Shor 1; Peter, 42; 


aes ie: rages aR album, 265 3 
ack. 32% nianum, 31; 
pallidum, 138; esate. 140; Wilps, 
116; Yula, 237; Zoe, 117 
Odontoglossum fungus, 190. 
| Odontoglossum “scarlet cae aaa 170 ; 
seeds, germination of, 190, 1 
_ Odontoglossums, 110, ; La arcs 
eries, 74; fifty dr ae et Hybrid, 
| 74 a5,( na nature), 38; Natural Y bride, 743 
eedli 


Te Aphrodite, 187, 210; Clever- 
na, 60; Fanyauiana, 60; Norma, 138. 


| | Osfidiods Cora, 4, 19. 

_ Oncidium Cobhsgeniee (leah digiase of), 

_, 58; Forbesii h a 3; 

4 juridum 184 ; Tantei 58 ; 
Sata, 191 ; Marshalhanum, Bs, 


| Oncidiums, 86, 155, 231. 


“rages $23; Bombo a cen u- 


| Ophrys hybrid, 123. 


INDEX. 


Orchid iced areal of the, 82; 
of Borneo, 79; Collector, Wanted, 233: 
salute Tisatory ay 249; culture in other 

n 216 ; ungus, 
industry, 247, 248, ; Rockery i in Tenidad: 
5; sales fifty years ago, 38. 

Orchid Review, 13, 71, 246-9, 
achievements o 
Legends, 247 ; eae the 
plates, 272 ; Gardeners Veh é On, 247 ; 
General Index, 249 ; illustrations, 272. 

Orchid Stud-Book, 249. 

Orchidists’ Golden Weddings, 2 

peerecee and Kew, 245; the 

ngoldsby Lend: 247; and ‘weudétia, 
, 8, 25. 


249, 272, 


Crelvaceey in England, 245, (Dr. Lindley), 
246, (Pr a Reichenbach), 246, (the third 
period), 2 


Orchids, hot on 50 ; at Darjeeling, 244 ; 
; Austra 

203 ; Chiriqai, 224's Classification of, 75.; 
Deciduous, 61; Diseases of, 5 Dried 
esllections’ of, 230 ; Drying, 24, 239 5 Fifty 
ago, a Florist ts’, 73; germination 
enhoods, 


ng, 203, (causes of 

failure), 204 ; seeds of, ie 03, 204, (germina- 

190, (difficu ulty of germinating) 
Slug destructive to, 1 

ease of, 58; wrongly-identified, 121. 


Orchis Kelleriana, 123 ; le rhea 
123; Reinhardii, 123 ; ‘Timbalii, 123. 

Orchis Bobbie! 
i2i; 


oF 


50; a hybrid, 
species . of, 1 

a ee of, o 

Origin of Genera by mutation, 146, 149. 
Origin of Species by crossing, 121, 122, 243. 


Origin of Species in nature. 146, 2 


Our pee Book, 1, 25, 73, 97; 121, 145) 160) 


¥ 4 $ 


217, 2 


PAPHINIA cristata var. Modigliani, 21 3, 
Parish, Rev. C., Fecundation of Orchids, 3. 
Paxtonia rosea, 149. 

Peristeria Rossiana, 21 3. 

Pescatobellea bella, 57. 

Pescatorea Gairiana, 58 ; a 58. 
Pescatoreas, 56. 


Phaius nhs, 183; tuberculosus, 183 ; 
arpuri, 183. 


Phakeocosis 63, 109. 


Blue | 


247; oo the Ingoldsby. 
»247 ; coloured | 


alian, 39; capsules of, | 


279 
Phalzenopsis alboviolacea, 197; amabilis, 
; amethystina, 197 ; antennifera, 196 ; 
Aphrodite, 151 ; bella, 197, 227 ; Buysson 
lana, 196; meralda, 195; Gersenii 
226; grandiflora, 151; Hebe, 197, 227; 
Mannii, 245; Regnieriana, 196; Rime- 
Stadiana, 151; Stobartiana, 197 ; sumat- 
rana, er Valentinii, 227 ; violacea, 226, 
me! sy a; 227 ; Wightii, er ; zebrina, 
226, ae Zz. var. Gerseni, 220, 229s 2. 9ar, 
lilacina 227. 


Phalzenopsis section Esmeralda, 196, 
_ Philageria, 26. 
| Pieione rte abeig (monstrous), 4; humilis 
(monstrous), 4; praecox, 29, 244; p. alba, 
244; ted Sal loa 83 ; Wallichians’ 
yunnanensis, 
tins abnormal development in, 4. 
Pleiones, 63; in a wild state, 240, 
Pleurothallis costaricensis, 193. 
omenza Crawshayana, 216. 
| Pterostylis, 39 ; Evolution in, 39. 


REICHENBACH, Prof. H. G., 219; ug the 
Gardeners Chronicle, 220 ; and Kew, 224; 
<p Lindle ey 224; death of, 247: deep. 

ee | 


ons of, 222; genera, 223; rbarium, 
a6 222, en (opened), 246 i hey 
223, 224; materials, 224; m ial, 246 
Obituary, aatics of, 222; on Dr. Lin ndley, 
753 papers, 221 ; species, 246; successor 
to, 246; system, 223; testamentary dis- 
Reson, 247; types, 100; Will, 246; 
work, 2 


oy mages dda H. G., works of ae 

Hamburgensia, 
Waters antes, 221 ; Xenia Undidsces 
2 


Renanthera Imschootiana, 87 ; trichoglottis, 
172. 


Reversion, I 

Ritaia himalaic, 245. 

Rolfe, R. A., 12 

Ross Collection on Orchid nila S13. 


_ Royal Horticultural Society. 18, 41, 65, 86, 


115,137, 161, 186, cathe 262; Exhibilons 
23; First Temple Snow, 97, 98; Pre- 
liminary Commendation, 1; Red Cross 
Sale, 2; Shows abandoned, 47. 


SPRING Shows, 


ander’s List << reid oe 96. 
Sarcochilus ae 165. 
Sarcopodium 
2 Egrcspodium: alam. 159; Lyonii, 159; 


" stella-silva, 159. 

Satyrium nepalense, 245. 

Schiffman, Dr. and Mrs. Rudolph, hen 

Sgereeae gee 49; Brysiana, 51 ; campech- 

ana, 51; chionodora, 513 Humboldtii, 

ne : lepidi ssima, 51; eria §1; 
superbiens, 49; Thompsoniana, 51; 
tibicinis, 50, 51 ; t. var. grandiflora, 51. 


280: 


Schomburgkia, species of, 49. 
Pa quick development of, 52. 
Seedliags raised before the War, 248; stray, 


Soon ie 
ni per caudatum, 148 ; Wallisii, 132. 
ser patihieason 2 
Shading, 84. 
Sharman, P., Structure of Australian Orchids, 


39: 
Sobralias, 


ng 
Sophrocatlaelia Anzac var. Vesuvius, 266 ; 


Belle, 238; ra ig it Corona Ansaldo’s | 


var., 189; 68 ; Meuse, 
var. 
hampton, 262. 
Sophrocatieya Andromeda, 234; Ash- 
orthiz, 68 ; Atalanta, 265 ; “Atreus var. 


90, 92; 


Ram 
Sophrocatiieya hybrids, 8. 


Sophronitis, grandiflora, 109, 180, (and 
colour), * 


ebcies, 27, 28; essential characteristics 0, 


of, — 3 eo ographical, 28 ; ho w recognisedf 
: ature, 2 ordani 2 
Ligne 27; Orlgin of 27, (by crossing), 
a. antom presentments of, .: 


ure, 27% Tr from seed, 27 ; What sa 
species ‘f 
se purity test for, 27. 
winden, Mr. C. W., 24. 
Symbioeis, ios 
Systematist and his work, 27. 


Ge neal ‘Nivelle, 91; Myra, 3; Roe- | 


INDEX. 


TELIPOGON, 272. 
Thunia Marshalliana, 253. 


Thwaites, R. G., Albinism and Colour in 
ids, 6. 
Trevoria Chloris, 251: 
Trichopilias, 158. 
Trinidad Horticultural Club, 2 
Type specimens, 222. 
UROPEDIUM Lindenii, 146, 176, 149; 
hybrids, of, 149.: 
| VANDA Charlesworthii, 167 ; ccerulea, 110 ; 


hastifera, 172 ; Sanderiana, 122. 
Vandas, 62, 2 cy 
| Vanilla read, 255; imperialis, 255 ; 
ompona, 167. 
Vanillas of Commerce, 127. 
Variation, inheritable, 26, 28: of hybrid 


| 


| Wrigley, O. O., 71 


| ZYGOPETALUM africanum, 


i ; without ae 26) 28; 
Varieties, 27 ; { horticultural, 2 
Veitch, Harry J., Orc Hybridisation, 203. 
Veitch, Sir Harry As Lady. 
Ventilation, 14, 54s 156. 
Vuylsteke, Ch., 


Vuylstekeara Colpeeiebas 2 


2; insignis, 19. 
| WATERING, 14, 84, 228. 
Wilsonara insignis, 2 


182 ; Mackayi, 


261 ; M. var. Charlesworthii, 40. 


. Zygopetalums, 16. 


LIST OF: ILLUSTRATIONS 

Aérides Vandarum 64 | Cycnoches maculatum. Frontispiece 
Angrecum bilobum_ . 9 | Cymbidium Winnianum eee... 
Angraecum hyaloide 11 | Dendrobium, Nest 81, 
Angrecum Sanderianum 10 | Dendrobium Phalzenopsis 232 
Bollea Lalindii .. 56 | Hexadesmia tno po See 
Bulbophyllum Ericssonii_. 185 | Lzliocattleya Wrigleyi 33 
Cattleya Astron The Dell var. 286 | Lycaste Skinnert at - Bridge “Halll 
Cattleya Browniz. 72 ury : 112 
Cattleya Fabia var. Caden. 225 arshall, the late Withem : 252 
Cattleya Lawrenceana ! ; . te Pisonia Roez 29 
Cattleya Mossiz . 105 Miltonia vexitlatié Weerantant var. | 136 
Cockroaches, a striking scene depicted Odontoglossum crispum with branched 

by George oe = 16 apie . 176 
Coryanthes macroco 201 | Orchid Review od Orcbid ‘Stud: Book 248 
Coryanthes a var. Midade 200 | Pescatobollea bella : 57 
Cycnoches sia ere male and Pleione yunnanensis % 

female flow 153 rere Mackay’ var. Charles: 
Cycnoches pers ikea ‘Mies worthii a 

Drake’s drawing ‘ : 152 


R, W. SIMPSON & CO., LTD,, PRINTERS, RICHMOND AND LONDU4.