Missouri Botanical Garden
PETER H. RAVEN LIBRARY
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Editorial Jeparlmfint.
REVIEWS AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
©
PAGET’S SUEGICAL PATHOLOGY.
[Continued,]
Mr. Paget embraces in bis theory the doctrine of complemental
nutrition, first taught by C. F. Wolff, illustrating the subject as
follows :
“ A great change in nutrition rarely takes place in a single
organ at a time ; for example, the growth of the beard at the
period of puberty in man, the growth and perfection of the plum-
age of the bird at breeding time ; but as in man, when the
development of the genital organs is prevented, that of the beard
and all other external sexual characters is, as a consequence,
hindered, so in birds, when the breeding season ends, and the
sexual organs pass gradually into their periodic atrophy, at once
the plumage begins to assume the pale and more sober colors,
which characterizes the barrenness of wunter.’’ He next refers
to certain interesting specimens presented to the museum by Sir
Philip Egerton, showing the interesting fact, “that if a buck be
castrated while his antlers are still covered with velt, their growth is
checked, they remain as if truncated, and irregular nodules of
bone project from their surfaces.’’ “ The fact is not, hitherto,
explained ; it is inexplicable, by believing that the materials which,
in the formation of these organs of external sexual character, are
removed from the blood, leave or maintain the blood in the state
necessary for the further development, growth and active function
of the proper sexual or reproductive organs.” “ The concurrent
development of the thymus gland and air breathing organs during
the body’s growth of the thyroid gland and the brain, (instances
7 8 9 10 Missour
. , ' Botanica
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SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.
189
2 . — Monthly Mean of Temperature, Fahrenheit.
JANUARY.
JANUARY.
Errata. In the last No. of Journal, on page 70, line 6, for the word
^Ulestination'' read declination.
I
!■
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SHUMARD — NEW PALEOZOIC FOSSILS.
113
El^eacrinus Kirkwoodensis, n. sp.
Body very small, siibglobose, a little longer than wide, flat-
tened above and below. Basal pieces very gently concave,
with their edges on a level with the plane of the under side.
Radial pieces (fork pieces) reaching to the base and occupy-
ing more than four fifths the entire length of the body, narrow
below and widest in the middle, sides gently arched. Interra-
dial pieces subdeltoid, very prominent towards the apex, much
longer than wide, obtusely angulated below, acutely angulated
above, and notched on either side a short distance below the
summit. Pseudo-ambul acral areas extending from base to
summit, narrow, deeply impressed; sides nearly parallel; pore
pieces amounting to about fifty in each field. A longitudinal
fissure or slit extends from the cenfi’al summit opening down-
wards, separating the pore pieces of one side from their fel-
lows of the opposite for the distance of about one fifth the
length of the field, thence their inner edges are united in the
median line to the base. Pseudo-ambulacral spaces lanceo-
late, sloping gently from their edges to the sutures. Ovarial
apertures eight, very minute, situated at the notches of the
interradial plates. Anal opening large, circular or very slight-
ly elliptical. The surface markings are not plainly exhibited
in any of the specimens I have collected of this species. On
several of them I observe, more or less distinctly, irregular
coarse rugae or pittings, which, however, may be due to weath-
ering.
Dimensions, — Length, 0.20 of an inch ; width, 0.18.
The Elceacrinus Kirkwoodensis is nearly allied to E,
{Pentremitesy melo^ from which it is distinguished by its
much smaller size and less deeply excavated base. It also
occupies a higher geological position.
Occurs in the St. Louis Limestone (Carboniferous) on the
Pacific railroad near Kirkwood, St. Louis county, Missouri.
114
TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE.
Topaz in Utah, By Henry Engelmann.
During my explorations in Utah as Geologist of the Expe-
dition under Capt. J. H. Simpson, Top. Eng’rs. U. S. A., in
1858 and 1859, I observed some remarkably beautiful crys-
tals of Topaz among some detritus of trachytic porphyry.
They were perfectly colorless, transparent, sharply devel-
oped, and of great lustre. They were all short columnar.
The largest of them measured scarcely one third of an inch
in the direction of the basal cleavage, which was highly per-
fect. I observed ten modifications : all crystals exhibited
(according to Prof. Rose’s designation)
ooc : b : a ,
4 c : b : 00 a ,
most of them also
a few only
oo c : b : 2 a
2 c : b : a
2 c : b : oo a
2 c : 00 b : a
c : oo b : : oo a 1 ,
c : b : a ;
and 4 (?) c : b : a .
As in none of the crystals were both ends developed, I
could not ascertain whether they were hemihedral, as is most
common with topaz. The hardness of the mineral is =8. It
is infusible before the blowpipe ; and when strongly heat ed
is coated with small blisters, but does not show any change
of color. It exhibits the reactions of fluorine, alumina, and
silex. ISTo tests were made for other elements, nor were the
crystals examined in regard to pyro-electricity and polariza-
tion of light. They exhibit double refraction quite plainly.
The locality of the mineral is near lat. 39° 40', long. 113°
30' west of Greenwich, west of south of Salt Lake, in Thom-
as’ range of mountains, on Capt. Simpson’s return trail. Cir-
cumstances prevented me from obtaining more than a few
crystals, which are now deposited in the collection of the
Smithsonian Institute; a few others are also in the hands of
members of the party. We were travelling at the time by
forced night marches with nearly worn out animals, seeking
to gain a spring of water in a distant range of mountains.
This desert was then entirely unexplored. I have but little
doubt that more interesting materials are to be found at the
same point.
The mountains of the former Territory of Utah promise a
rich yield to the mineralogist. We know already of gold and
silver ores in the east, west and south part of that district ;
of copper and lead ores in the south, and I have discovered
the latter also in the centre of it; of specular iron ores and
native sulphur in the Rocky Mountains and near Little Salt
Lake ; of rock salt in the mountains south-east of Utah Lake;
of native alum near Salt Lake; of various other salts in the
deserts ; and of silicates, composing the granites, porphyries,
diorites, trachytes, and lavas, nearly over the whole area.
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WISLIZENUS — ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY.
115
Additional JRemarJcs on Atmospheric Electricity.
By A. WiSLizENUs, M.D.
The delay in the publication of this volume enables me to
add to my observations of atmospheric electricity in 1861,
the result of my observations in 1862. The latter observa-
tions have been made in the same manner and by means of
the same fine glass thread, which, after many thousand tor-
sions, proves as good as ever. I present herewith in tabular
form the general result of my observations in 1861 and 1862.
I. Monthly mean of Positive Atmospheric Electricity in 1861 and
1862, at St. Louis, Mo., based upon daily observations at 6, 9, 12,
3, 6 and 9 o^ clock, from 7norning till night.
Mean of
Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year.
1861* 16.5 12.1 9.8 8.8 7.8 4,0 3.7 3.4 3.0 7.1 10.0 14.3 8.4
1862.. .12.1 16.0 9.4 10.6 7.5 3.0 2.2 2.3 3.0 7.7 12.6 13.9 8.4
* This table of 1861 differs in some decimals from that published on page 66 and in Dia-
gram No. 1. Having discovered some errors, I calculated all my observations once more,
and give now the present as the corrected table.
II. Monthly mean of Temperature and of Relative Hurriidity in
1861 and 1862, at St. Louis, Mo., based upon daily observations,
cotemp or aneous with those of Atmospheric Electricity.
* ' TEMPEEATUEE.
Mean of
Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year.
1861. . .32.2 40.4 44.8 58.1 64.1 76.9 77.5 78.6 69.1 57.9 46.0 39.7 57.1°f.
1862.. .28.9 30.2 43.2 55.0 69.7 75.1 81.2 80.7 72.1 57.3 42.6 41.3 56.4‘^f.
EELATIVE HUMIDITY.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ^Year^^
1861. . .72.2 63.3 64.5 61.5 66.3 70.8 66.3 69.6 77.3 76.6 69.0 74.3 69 5
1862.. .85.3 73.9 70.8 67.0 57.3 67.0 66.8 64.3 74.2 67.2 69.5 74.6 69.8
III. Yearly mean of Positive Electricity of Temperature, and of
Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere, at the hours ofQ, 9, 12, 3,
6 and 9, from morning till night, based upon daily observations at
these hours through the years 1861 and 1862, at St. Louis, Mo.
ELECTEICITY.
At 6 A.M. At 9 A.M. At 12 M. At 3 P.M. At 6 P.M. At 9 P.M.
1861 8.6 10.0 9.2 7.9 8.7 6.9
1862 8.9 10.0 9.1 7.3 8.1 6.8
1861 48.9° F... 54.9 61.6 63.6 59.3 54.3
1862 48.9 55.0 60.9 62.3 58.0 53.6
EELATIVE HUMIDITY.
1861 86.4 71.3 60.3 57.2 65.1 77.3
1862 ...... 5.3 70.6 60.0 57.5 67.6 ...... 78.0
MISSOURI LOT'u'iCV- '. ARDE.J
GEORGE ENGELMP.:4H PAPERS
116
TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE.
IV. Direction of Winds and number of Thunderstorms in ^61 & ^62.
1861.
1?
N.
N.E.
s.w.
N.W.
s.
w. '
S.E.
Prevailing Winds.
Thunder-
storms.
January
11
3
12
i 22
38
18
28
61
S.E
...... 0
February —
4
2
2
35
24
19
41
60
S.E
Mareh
12
11
10
23
30
19
42
40
W. & S.E....
3
16
10
26
21
35
34
26
s. & W
2
26
10
23
21
13
49
35
W. & S.E. ...
...... 5
Jn no
12
21
22
20
25
26
41
S.E
7
July
3
31
14
21
26
46
15
29
S
Ano*nsh
18
24
58
17
11
18
3
37
N.E
5
September...
6
14
18
26
30
13
21
52
S.E. & N.W.
3
October
12
9
5
21
30
33
30
46
S.E. & S
1
November... .
7
15
22
27
20
36
44
S.E. & W. ...
1
December ...
9
19
9
25
23
33
17
51
S.E. & S
0
136
190
279
2^
324 522
S.E
V. Positive or Negative Electricity in the Observations q/’^61 & ’62.
Positive
Electricity.
Negative
Electricity.
No Electricity,
■‘Highest Positive
Electricity.
1861.
j 1862.
1861.
1862.
1861.
1862.
1861.
1862.
Jan..
179
179
3
5
2
40®
40®
Feb
162
166
6
2
34
33
March ...
168
179
15
8
30
48
April . ...
157
157
12
■ 22
1
1
33
52
May
171
180
17
5
1
3
25
32
June ....
162
143
5
2
8
20
16
21
July
183
153
3
8
1
24
14
11
August..
176
143
5
4
6
40
15
19
Sept
169
117
1
1
10
61
18
23
Oct
162
143
4
3
20
41
33
35
Nov
172
157
2
7
6
16
42
42
Dec
175
166
5
0
17
37
35
2046
1883
78
67
59
225
42®
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