North American flora

VOLUME 21 PART 3

NORTH AMERICAN FLORA

(CHENOPODIALES)
ALLIONIACEAE

Pavult CARPENTER STANDLEY

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

JANUARY 22, 1918

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Family 3. ALLIONIACEAE*
By Paul, CARPENTER STANDLEY

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent, dichotomously or tricho-
tomously branched, glabrous or pubescent, the stems often swollen at the
nodes, sometimes armed with spines. Leaves simple, and opposite, alternate,
or verticillate, estipulate, sessile or petiolate, the blades usually entire, some-
times toothed or lobed, raphidulous. Flowers perfect or unisexual, in the
latter case usually dioecious, regular, sometimes dimorphous, usually arranged
in paniculate or corymbose cymes, sometimes solitary, racemose, spicate,
umbellulate, or capitate, ‘usually bracteate or variously involucrate, the
involucre of free or connate segments, often calyx-like and enclosing 1 or
many flowers, persistent or deciduous, often accrescent in age, green or brightly
colored. Perianth inferior, simple, herbaceous or corolla-like, small or large,
usually campanulate or funnelform, persistent in fruit and usually accrescent,
closely enclosing the pericarp; tube short or often much elongate, usually
indurate at the base in age; limb persistent or deciduous, truncate or 3-5-
dentate or lobed, the segments usually induplicate-valvate. Stamens l—many,
hypogynous; filaments usually united at the base, unequal, filiform; anthers
included or exserted, dorsifixed near the base, didymous, the cells dehiscent
by lateral slits. Ovary included in the perianth-tube, sessile or stipitate,
1-celled, membranaceous, usually attenuate at the apex; style short or elongate,
sometimes wanting, filiform; stigma simple, and capitate, peltate, or fimbriate,
rarely lateral or the style stigmatose along one side. Fruit an anthocarp,
composed of the persistent, coriaceous, fleshy, or indurate base of the perianth-
tube enclosing the indehiscent utricle and adherent to it, costate, sulcate, or
alate, often viscous when wet, frequently bearing viscous glands; utricle
membranaceous or coriaceous. Seed erect, the testa hyaline; endosperm
scanty or abundant, usually farinaceous or fleshy; embryo straight, with
broad conduplicate cotyledons, these enclosing the endosperm, or often
curved and with broad or narrow cotyledons; radicle inferior.

Embryo straight; flowers usually unisexual; trees or shrubs, sometimes
armed with spines; leaves all or partly opposite. I, PIsONIEAE.
Embryo curved; flowers perfect; plants usually herbaceous.
Leaves alternate. ;
Perianth unchanged in fruit, not differentiated into two parts;
flowers racemose, free from the bracts; plants unarmed, and
herbaceous, or suffrutescent at the base. II. SALPIANTHEAE.
Perianth much changed in fruit, the lower part enlarged and
adherent to the fruit, the upper part persistent; flowers borne
in clusters of 3, each adnate to a large colored bract; spiny,

scandent shrubs. III. BouGAINvILLEAE.
Leaves opposite. :
Perianth-lobes valvate. IV. COLIGNONIEAE.

Perianth-lobes induplicate-valvate. :
Stigma spheric or hemispheric; both cotyledons well developed;

anthocarp often with mucilaginous glands. V. MIRABILEAE.
Stigma linear; inner cotyledon abortive; anthocarp without
mucilaginous glands; flowers capitate. VI. ABRONIEAE.

* Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
VoLuME 21, Part 3, 1918] 171

172 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA

I. PIsonrzas

Stamens included; anthocarp without stipitate glands.
Stamens 5-— 10; limb of the staminate perianth little or not at all
broader than the tube.
Stamens 25-30; limb of the staminate perianth much broader than
the tube,
Stamens exserted.
Anthocarp fleshy, without glands; flowers cymose, unisexual; stems
unarmed.
Anthocarp coriaceous, bearing numerous stipitate glands.
Flowers unisexual, cymose; stigma penicillate; stems often armed
with spines.
Flowers perfect,
unarmed.

umbellate; stigma depressed-capitate; stems

. . TI. SALPIANTHEAE
A single genus in North America.

IIT. BouUGAINVILLEAE
A single genus.

IV. CoLiGNONIEAE
A single genus in North America.

V. MiraBILEAE

Flowers borne each upon the costa of a broad foliaceous bract.
Flowers variously arranged but never borne upon the costa of a bract.
Stamens 9-17; peduncles elongate after anthesis, penetrating the
soil, the fruit hypogaeous.
Stamens usually 1~5; peduncles never penetrating the soil.
Anthocarp with 3-5 scarious wings.

Free portion of the perianth campanulate, constricted above
the ovary; stamens 2 or 3, the filaments free from the peri-
anth; flowers umbellate.

Free portion of the perianth tubular-funnelform, not con-
stricted above the ovary; stamens 5 or 6, adherent to the
perianth-tube; flowers solitary or geminate.

Anthocarp not winged, or rarely with coriaceous wings.

Anthocarp lenticular, the margins usually dentate and re-
curved, the dorsal surface bearing 2 rows of stipitate glands;
flowers in 3’s, subtended by a 3-parted involucre.

Anthocarp not lenticular, never with dentate margins.

Flowers capitate, the head surrounded by an involucre of
numerous distinct bracts; perianth funnelform, with a
long tube; stamens long-exserted, usually 5.

Flowers not capitate and surrounded by an involucre of

numerous distinct bracts, each flower subtended by
2 or 3 bracts, or the bracts united.
Involucre of distinct bracts.

Flowers usually solitary; bracts herbaceous, per-
sistent; perianth with a conspicuous, often much
elongate tube.

Flowers not solitary, usually cymose, racemose, or

umbellate; bracts scarious, usually deciduous.
Anthocarp with 5 or fewer angles or costae, ob-
pyramidal or clavate; free portion of the peri-
anth campanulate.
Anthocarp 10-costate; free portion of the peri-
anth funnelform.
Flowers racemose; anthocarp asymmetric,
clavate, without conspicuous glands.
Flowers not racemose; anthocarp symmetric.

Anthocarp clavate, exalate, with con-
spicuous stipitate mucilaginous glands;
plants subscandent, slender, often fruti-
cose at the base; leaves cauline, the
blades thin.

Anthocarp turbinate or biturbinate, often
with a horizontal wing, eglandular;
plants erect, stout, herbaceous; leaves
mostly basal, the blades coriaceous.

Involucre gamophyllous.

Anthocarp 5-sulcate, conspicuously constricted at
the base; involucre strongly accrescent after an-
thesis, 1—5-flowered; free portion of the perianth
campanulate or broadly short-salverform.

Anthocarp neither sulcate nor constricted at the

base, or rarely slightly constricted.

{VoLUME 21

. NEEA.

. CEPHALOTOMANDRA,

TORRUBIA.

4. PISONIA.

5. PIsoNIELLA.

10.

ll.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

. SALPIANTHUS.

. BOUGAINVILLEA.

. COLIGNONIA.

. HERMIDIUM.

OKENIA.

AMMOCODON.

. SELINOCARPUS.

WEDELIELLA.

NYCTAGINIA.

ACLEISANTHES.

BoERHAAVIA.

CyPHOMERIS.

CoMMICARPUS.

ANULOCAULIS.

ALLIONIA,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 173

Involucre 3-10-flowered; free portion of the peri-
anth salverform, with an elongate or very
short, thick tube.
Perianth-tube very short; involucre nearly
rotate, accrescent after anthesis, 3-flowered. 21. ALLIONIELLA.
Perianth-tube elongate; involucre campanu-
late, little if at all accrescent, 3-10-flowered. 22. QuAMOCLIDION.
Involucre 1-flowered.
Free portion of the perianth salverform-
campanulate, the tube very short; antho-
carp terete. 23. HESPERONIA.
Free portion of the perianth elongate-salver-
form or funnelform, the tube elongate,
often much elongate and very slender;
anthocarp obtusely 5-angulate. 24, MIraBinis.
VI. ABRONIEAE

Wings of the anthocarp thin, transparent, extended around the body

above and below it; flowers usually tetramerous; stamens 4. 25. TRIPTEROCALYX.
Wings of the anthocarp thick, opaque, not extended around the fruit but

interrupted above and below, or the anthocarp often exalate; flowers

pentamerous; stamens 5 or rarely more. 26. ABRONIA.

I. PISONIEAE. Shrubs or trees, or rarely only suffruticose, sometimes
armed with spines. Leaves opposite. Flowers unisexual and dioecious or
rarely perfect, the unisexual flowers usually with evident aborted organs of
the other sex; perianth small, usually not differentiated into two parts, the
free portion of the perianth of the pistillate flowers persistent upon the summit
of the fruit. Anthocarp coriaceous or succulent, often with stipitate glands.
Embryo straight.

1. NEEA R. & P. Fl. Per. Prodr. 52. 1794.

Neeania Raf. Princ. Somiol. 30. 1814.

Mitscherlichia Kunth, Abb. Berl. Akad. 1831: 209. 1831.

Nebra Noronha; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 447, assynonym. 1849.
E-ggersia Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. 15: 1. 1883.

Shrubs or trees, erect or subscandent, glabrous or pubescent, with terete or compressed
branches. Leaves opposite or verticillate or rarely alternate, sometimes fasciculate, usually
petiolate, the blades entire, coriaceous or herbaceous. Flowers unisexual, usually dioecious,
commonly with abortive organs of the other sex, small, and white, reddish, or green, sessile
or pedicellate, each usually tribracteolate at the base, arranged in axillary or terminal cymes,
or sometimes solitary. Staminate perianth urceolate, globose, or elongate, shortly 4~5-dentate,
the teeth induplicate-valvate. Stamens 5-10, included, inserted at the base of the perianth,
the filaments unequal, the anthers oblong. Pistillate perianth urceolate or tubular, con-
stricted above the ovary, 4-5-dentate and often contracted at the mouth. Ovary narrowly
ovoid, included in the fleshy base of the perianth; style terminal, filiform, often exserted;
stigma penicillate. Anthocarp ellipsoid, usually crowned by the persistent free portion of
the perianth; utricle often indurate, smooth, striate, or costate. Seed with a hyaline testa
adherent to the pericarp; embryo straight, the cotyledons broad; endosperm scanty, fleshy;
radicle short, inferior, horizontal.

Type species, Neea verticillata R. & P.

Leaf-blades subcoriaceous. ‘

Leaves all or mostly crowded, fasciculate, the blades 4-9 mm. wide.
Leaf-blades oblong to oblanceolate, 9-24 mm. long, usually cuneate

at the base. 1. N. buxifolia.
Leaf-blades oval or oval-oblong, 7-13 mm. long, rounded or very ;
obtuse at the base. 2. N. Shaferi.

Leaves distant, opposite, the blades 2-9 cm. wide.
Staminate cymes few-flowered, sparsely puberulent; leaf-blades 2.2-3

em. wide, abruptly acuminate at the apex. : 3. N. choriophylla,
Staminate cymes many-flowered, densely ferrugino-puberulent; leaf- 7.
blades 3.5-9 cm. wide, usualfy obtuse or rounded at the apex. 4, N. rotundifolia.

Leaf-blades herbaceous. ; ;
Blades of the principal leaves more than 3 cm. wide, sometimes 12.5 em.
wide.

174 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

Leaf-blades glabrous or merely puberulent beneath.
Leaf-blades 2.5-7.5 cm. wide.
Stamens 8; leaf-blades obtuse at the base, about twice as long

as broad. 5. N. nigricans.
Stamens usually 5; leaf-blades acute or acuminate at the base,
about 3 times as long as broad. 6. N. psychotrioides.
Leaf-blades 9.5-12.5 cm. wide. 7. N. Pittieri.
Leaf-blades copiously short-villous beneath, 8. N. amplifolia.
Blades the leaves mostly about 2 cm. wide, the largest less than 3 cm.
wide.
Upper surface of the leaf-blades glabrous or sometimes slightly puberu-
lent along the veins.
Leaves, at least the upper ones, verticillate. 9. N. tenuis.

Leaves opposite.
Staminate perianth conspicuously raphidulous, about as broad
as long. 10. N. sphaerantha.
Staminate perianth obscurely if at all raphidulous, usually
much longer than broad.
Pedicels slender, filiform, equaling or usually exceeding the

perianth. 1l. N. delicatula.
Pedicels stout, usually shorter than the perianth.
Fruit 5 mm. long; leaf-blades 1.3-2.4 cm. wide. 12. N. demissea.
Fruit 8 mm. long; leaf-blades 2.5-3.1 em. wide. 13. N. coccinea.

Upper surface of the leaf-blades puberulent or hirtellous, the lower
surface densely hirtellous or villous.
Leaf-blades 0.9—1.8 cm. wide. 14. N. subcoccinea,
Leaf-blades 2.2—2.8 cm. wide. 15. N. fagifolia.

1. Neea buxifolia (Hook. f.) Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 633. 1896.
Eggersia buxifolia Hook, f. in Hook. Ic. 15: 1. 1883.

Shrub or small tree, 3-8 meters high, the branchlets virgate, slender, grayish, densely
leafy, the younger ones ferrugino-puberulent; leaf-blades oblong, oblong-ovate, oblong-
elliptic, or oblanceolate, 9-24 mm. long, 4-9 mm. wide, broadly rounded or obtuse at the apex,
sessile or narrowed at the base to a stout petiole 1-2 mm. long, glabrous, deep-green, rigidly
coriaceous, the margins often revolute, the lateral veins obsolete; peduncles 4-5 mm. long,
slender, rufo-puberulent; bractlets 1 mm. long, puberulent; staminate perianth ovoid or sub-
urceolate, 3.5 mm. long, ferrugino-puberulent or glabrate, obtusely 5-dentate; stamens 5-8,
1.5-3 mm. long; pistillate perianth subtubular, 3 mm. long, sparsely puberulent, slightly
contracted in the throat, 5-dentate, the teeth unequal, ovate-deltoid; fruit not known.

Type LocaLtity: On Flag Hill, St. Thomas, at an altitude of 320 meters.
DistRIBUTION: On rocky hillsides, Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 1401.

2. Neea Shaferi Standley, sp. nov.

Shrub, 1.2-1.5 meters high, much branched, the branches stout, brown or grayish-brown,
glabrous; leaves crowded and fasciculate on short, stout lateral spurs, the petioles stout,
1-2 mm. long, ferrugino-puberulent, the blades oval or oval-oblong, 7-13 mm. long, 4-7 mm.
wide, broadly rounded at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base and slightly asymmetric,
coriaceous, glabrous, dark-green, the midvein conspicuous, stout, the lateral veins obsolete;
fruit elliptic-oblong in outline, 6-7 mm. long, red, striate.

Type collected at Punta Maisi, Oriente, Cuba, December 14, 1910, J. A. Shafer 7921 (herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

3. Neea choriophylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 384.
1911.

Branches stout, terete, pale-gray or brown, glabrous, the branchlets stout, sparsely
ferrugino-puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the internodes short; petioles stout,
4-10 mm. long; leaf-blades oval, oval-oblong, or obovate-oval, broadest at or above the middle,
4.5~-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, broadly cuneate at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex
with a narrowly triangular acutish acumen 7~15 mm. long, subcoriaceous, dull yellowish-green,
concolorous, slightly undulate, sparsely puberulent beneath when young but soon glabrate,
raphidulous beneath, the margins plane, the lateral veins evident beneath, arcuate-ascending,
5~8 on each side; peduncles of the pistillate cymes 1.5-3 cm. long, slender, sparsely puberulent

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 175

or glabrate, the cymes many-flowered, dense,,at least in anthesis, 1.5-3 cm. broad, the branches
ferrugino-puberulent, the flowers sessile or on stout pedicels 3 mm. long or shorter; bractlets
triangular-oblong, acute, 1 mm. long or shorter, puberulent; pistillate perianth tubular-in-
fundibuliform, 3 mm. long, narrowed at the base, minutely and sparsely puberulent, 4-dentate;
style slightly exserted; staminate inflorescence and fruit not known.

TYPE LOCALITY: Yucatan.
DistrrsurTion: Known only from the type locality.

4. Neea rotundifolia Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 218. 1912.

Tree, 9 meters high; branches gray, glabrous, the branchlets very stout, densely ferru-
gino-puberulent when young, glabrate in age, densely leafy; leaves opposite, the petioles stout,
0.9-2.4 cm. long, the blades oval, broadly oval, or rounded-oval, 6-14 cm. long, 3.3-9 cm. wide,
rounded or obtuse at the apexor rarely shortly and abruptly acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the
base, thin-coriaceous, deep-green, slightly lustrous on the upper surface and sparsely puberulent
when young, beneath dull and sparsely puberulent, subundulate, the margins somewhat
revolute, the lateral veins 5-10 on each side, slightly arcuate, the veinlets reticulate, con-
spicuous beneath; peduncles of the staminate cymes stout, 4-5 cm. long, ferrugino-puberulent,
the cymes many-flowered, 6-7 cm. broad, the primary branches radiately spreading, the
flowers sessile or subsessile, the bractlets ovate-triangular, 0.5 mm. long, acutish ; peduncles
of the pistillate cymes terminal or axillary, 2.5-5 cm. long, stout, the cymes 7-13 em. broad,
the primary branches opposite or alternate, divaricate, stout, densely puberulent, the flowers
sessile or very shortly and stoutly pedicellate, the bractlets ovate-triangular, 0.5~1 mm. long,
densely puberulent; free part of the pistillate perianth 1.5-2 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide;
anthocarp 5-7 mm. long, ellipsoid, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; utricle 5~6 mm. long,
finely striate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Peckham Woods, Upper Clarendon, Jamaica.
DistR1BuTion: Clarendon Parish, Jamaica.

5. Neea nigricans (Sw.) Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 218. 1912.

Pisonia nigricans Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 643. 1800.
Neea jamaicensis Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 71. 1859.

Tree, 5-15 meters high, the branches stout, grayish, glabrous, the branchlets stout,
densely ferrugino-puberulent when young, glabrate in age, the internodes usually short;
leaves opposite, the petioles rather slender, 0.4—2.6 cm. long, the blades oval to elliptic-oblong,
5-17.5 cm. long, 2.5-7.5 cm. wide, obtuse to acutish at the base, abruptly acuminate or cuspi-
date-acuminate at the apex, with a triangular or narrowly triangular, acute or acuminate
acumen, thin, deep-green, slightly lustrous and glabrous above, slightly paler beneath and
very sparsely puberulent along the veins or glabrous, the margins plane or subrevolute, the
lateral veins prominent beneath, 7-11 on each side, divaricate, straight or slightly arcuate;
peduncles of the staminate cymes 1.5—6 cm. long. terminal and axillary, rather slender, sparsely
puberulent or glabrate, the cymes many-flowered, loosely branched, 5~7 em. wide, the branches
mostly alternate, ascending or divaricate, densely puberulent, the flowers subsessile or short-
pedicellate, the bractlets lance-subulate, 1 mm. long, puberulent, the perianth suburceolate,
4-5 mm. long, sparsely puberulent; stamens 8, unequal; pistillate cymes similar to the staminate
ones, 5-10 cm. broad, the peduncles 1.5-9 cm. long, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate,
the perianth broadly tubular-funnelform, 4-5 mm. long, puberulent, 4-dentate, the teeth
triangular, obtuse or acutish; fruit broadly oblong, 10-11 mm. long, 5—6 mm. in diameter, the
free portion of the perianth 1.5 mm. long and as broad or broader, the utricle 7-9 mm. long,
coarsely costate; seed oblong, 5 mm. long, light-brown, finely striate.

TyPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.
DistTRIBUTION: Jamaica.
ILLUSTRATION: Fawe. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 3: f. 52.

6. Neea psychotrioides Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 199. 1891.

Shrub, 2-3 meters high, the branchlets terete, ferrugino-puberulent when young, glabrate
in age, the internodes usually elongate; leaves opposite or the uppermost verticillate, the

176 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

petioles slender, 2-14 mm. long, the blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or narrowly obovate-oblong,
7.5-19 cm. long, 1.6-6.3 em. wide, cuneate or broadly cuneate at the base, somewhat abruptly
acute or acuminate at the apex, with a usually obtuse acumen, thin, deep-green, concolorous,
glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberwlent beneath along the veins, the margins plane or
obscurely revolute, the lateral veins evident beneath, 6-12 on each side, divergent, straight
or arcuate; peduncles of the staminate cymes 2.5-12 cm. long, terminal and axillary, slender,
puberulent or glabrate, the cymes loosely branched, 5-12 cm. broad, many-flowered, the
branches slender, ascending or divaricate, densely ferrugino-puberulent, the flowers subsessile
or on slender pedicels 1-5 mm. long, the bractlets triangular-oblong or subulate, 1 mm.
long, puberulent, the perianth tubular or suburceolate, 4-8 mm. long, acute at the base,
slightly constricted at the mouth, minutely puberulent; stamens 5; peduncles of the pistillate
cymes slender, 4-6 cm. long, the cymes 4-9 cm. broad, loosely branched, the branches divari-
cate, puberulent, the flowers on stout pedicels 0.5—-3 mm. long, or sometimes subsessile, the
perianth tubular, 3-4 mm. long, puberulent, 5-dentate, the teeth ovate-deltoid, acute; style
lightly exserted; fruit 7-9 mm. long, oblong-ellipsoid, the free portion of the perianth | mm.
long and usually broader; utricle finely striate; seed oblong, 6 mm. long, pale-brown, finely
striate.

Tyre LocaLity: Escuintla, Guatemala, at an altitude of 330 meters.
DIstRiBUTION: Guatemala to Costa Rica.

7. Neea Pittieri Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 383. 1911.

A shrub or small tree, the older branches stout, gray, the branchlets stout, compressed,
sparsely and minutely puberulent when young, glabrate in age, the internodes usually elongate;
leaves opposite and alternate, the petioles stout, 0.7—-2.5 cm. long, the blades oval, ovate-oval,
or rounded-ovate, 19-30 cm. long, 9.5-12.5 cm. wide, broadest at or below the middle, rounded
or obtuse at the base, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate at the apex or rarely gradually acuminate,
with a triangular or linear-triangular, acuminate or attenuate acumen, the blades thin, deep-
green above, sparsely puberulent and minutely puncticulate, beneath slightly paler, minutely
puberulent and raphidulous, the margins plane or subrevolute, the lateral veins prominent
beneath, 11-14 on each side, widely arcuate-ascending; peduncles of the staminate cymes
3.5-7.5 cm. long, terminal, rather slender, densely puberulent, or glabrate in age, the cymes
many-flowered, 5-12 cm. broad, the slender branches divaricate, the flowers on pedicels 1-3
mun. long, the bractlets linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, acuminate, puberulent, the perianth
tubular, slightly constricted at the throat, 7-9 mm. long, puberulent, 5-dentate, the teeth
triangular-ovate, acute; stamens 5-10, very unequal, the longest filaments 5 mm. long, the
anthers 1.5-2 mm. long; pistillate cymes similar to the staminate ones, 5-6 cm. broad, on pe-
duncles 2.5-5.5 cm. long, the branches stouter, the flowers subsessile or on stout pedicels 5 mm.
long, the perianth tubular, 7-8 mm. long, puberulent, the style included; fruit 8-9 mm. long,
oblong-ellipsoid, the utricle obscurely costate; seed ellipsoid, 6 mm. long, brown, smooth.

Type LocaLity: Valley of Tuis, Costa Rica, at an altitude of 1000 meters.
DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica and Panama.

8. Neea amplifolia Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 61: 386. 1916.

Shrub, 0.5-1 meter high, the young branches stout, ferrugino-puberulent or glabrate, the
internodes elongate; leaves opposite, the petioles stout, 2~3 cm. long, ferrugino-puberulent,
the blades obovate, oval, or oval-elliptic, 19-27 cm. long, 8-9 cm. wide, broadest at or some-
times above the middle, obtuse or cuneate at the base, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate or
attenuate at the apex, thin, deep-green, concolorous, sparsely puberulent or glabrate above,
copiously short-villous beneath with fulvous hairs, the lateral veins prominent, arcuate-
ascending; peduncles of the staminate cymes axillary, 6-12 em. long, very slender, the cymes
loosely many-flowered, 4.5—-7 cm. long, the branches divaricate, ferrugino-puberulent, the
flowers on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the bractlets ovate, 2 mm. long; staminate perianth tubular,
10-12 mm. long, constricted in the throat, puberulent, 5-dentate, the teeth triangular, acute;
stamens 8, the longer filaments 5 mm. long, the anthers 1 mm. long; fruit not known.

TyPE LocALIty: In forests along the Rio Hondo near Madre de Dios, Comarca de Limén,
Costa Rica, at an altitude of 200 meters.
DrstRisuTIon: Costa Rica.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 177

9. Neea tenuis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 384. 1911.

Branches slender, smooth, brownish, glabrous; leaves opposite, or the upper verticillate,
the petioles about 3 mm. long, the blades elliptic-oblong or lance-elliptic, 4.4-5 cm. long,
1.4-1.9 cm. wide, broadest at or slightly below the middle, obtuse or acutish at the base,
rather abruptly attenuate or long-acuminate at the apex, thin, glabrous; peduncles of the
staminate cymes 6-7 cm. long, slender, almost filiform, flexuous, pendulous, glabrous, the
cymes loosely many-flowered, 4 cm. wide and about as long, the slender branches spreading,
sparsely rufo-puberulent or glabrate, the bractlets lance-subulate, the pedicels filiform, equaling
or longer than the flowers, the perianth urceolate, 3-4 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so; stamens
6, one third as long as the perianth, the filaments unequal; pistillate flowers and fruit not
known.

TYPE LocaLity: About Orizaba, Veracruz.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: pl. 74.

10. Neea sphaerantha Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 384.
1911.

Branches slender, grayish, smooth, glabrous; leaves opposite, the petioles 4-10 mm.
long, the blades oblong or oval to elliptic-oblong, 1.7—5.3 cm. long, 0.9-2 cm. wide, obtuse or
acutish at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base; peduncles of the staminate cymes
2.2-4 em. long, slender, glabrous, the cymes many-flowered, 4 cm. broad or less, the branches
sparsely puberulent or glabrate, the bractlets lanceolate, the perianth urceolate, 4-5 mm.
long and nearly as broad, short-pedicellate, raphidulous, obscurely 4-dentate at the apex;
stamens 6, unequal, slightly more than half as long as the perianth; pistillate flowers and
fruit not known.

Type LocaLity: Izamal, Yucatan. :
DistrRiuTION: Known only from the type locality.

11. Neea delicatula Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 98.
1916.

Branches slender, greenish-gray, glabrous, the branchlets slender, ferrugino-puberulent
when young but soon glabrate, the internodes short; leaves mostly opposite, the petioles
slender, 4-7 mm. long, the blades elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or oblong-oval, 2.2-6 cm. long,
0.9-2 em. wide, cuneate to acutish at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex with a narrowly
triangular acutish or usually obtuse acumen, thin, deep-green, concolorous, glabrous and dull
on the upper surface, sparsely rufo-puberulent beneath along the costa, the margins plane,
the lateral veins obsolete or nearly so; peduncles of the staminate cymes 2.2-4.5 cm. long,
terminal and axillary, nearly filiform, flexuous, glabrous, the cymes few- or many-flowered,
2-5 cm. wide, the flowers on slender pedicels 4-15 mm. long, the bractlets triangular-oblong,
acute, 1 mm. long, puberulent, the perianth urceolate, acutish at the base, 4.5 mm. long,.3 mm.
wide, puberulent at the apex, elsewhere glabrate, minutely 5-dentate; stamens 7, the filaments
very unequal, the anthers 1 mm. long; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

Type Locatity: In forests on dry limestone around Alhajuela, Chagres Valley, Panama,

altitude 30 to 100 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

12. Neea demissa Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 219. 1912.

Small tree, the branchlets flexuous, spreading, slender, grayish-brown, densely ferrugino-
puberulent when young, glabrate in age; leaves opposite, the petioles slender, 6—13 mm. long,
the blades lanceolate, widest at the middle, nearly equally long-acuminate or narrowed at
both ends, 3.7-6.6 cm. long, 1.3-2.4 cm. wide, thin-chartaceous, punctulate above and sparsely
short-pilose along the nerves, beneath minutely striolate, the lateral nerves 5-7 on each side,
arcuate; peduncles of the pistillate cymes 1-2.5 cm. long, slender, the cymes few-flowered,
1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, the branches few, alternate, ascending, the flowers solitary,

178 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLume 21

sessile, the bractlets 3, linear-lanceolate, acutish, 1-1.5 mm. long, the perianth 3.5 mm. long,
white, at first suburceolate, finally twbular-infundibuliform, sparsely short-hirtellous with
rufous hairs, the limb shortly 5-dentate, erect, 2 mm. wide; style equaling or slightly exceeding
the perianth; fruit subglobose, bright reddish-violet, 7 mm. long, 4~5 mm. thick, the utricle
ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. thick. .

TYPE LocaLity: In a moist valley near Tiburon, Haiti.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

13. Neea coccinea (Sw.) Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 635. 1896.
Pisonia coccinea Sw. Prodr. 60. 1788.

Shrub, 1-2 meters high, the branches slender, flexuous, glabrous, grayish, the branchlets
spreading, puberulent when young, leafy near the ends; leaves mostly alternate, the petioles
slender, 1-2 cm. long, the blades broadly elliptic-lanceolate, broadest at the middle, 5-6.3
em. long, 2.5-3.1 cm. wide, contracted at the base, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, herbaceous,
glabrous, deep-green above, slightly paler beneath, the lateral veins not prominent, arcuate,
3-7 on each side; peduncles terminal, glabrous, 3-4 cm. long, filiform, the flowers 3-5, sub-
racemose or cymose, sessile or on pedicels 2 mm. long or shorter, glabrous; bractlets 1-1.5
mrm..long, linear-lanceolate, glabrate; staminate perianth suburceolate, 6 mm. long, the teeth
broadly deltoid, acutish, erect; stamens usually 7, 3-4.5 mm. long, the anthers 1.5 mm. long;
pistillate perianth narrowly tubular, 3 mm. long, scarcely constricted in the throat, shortly
5-dentate, the teeth obtuse; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, scarlet.

TYPE Locality: Hispaniola.
DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola.

14. Neea subcoccinea Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 219. 1912.

Small tree, the branches glabrous, the branchlets slender, grayish-brown or rufescent,
densely rufo-hirtellous when young, finally glabrate; leaves opposite or alternate, the petioles
slender, 3-9 mm. long, the blades ovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 1.3-4.4 cm. long, 0.9-
1.8 cm. wide, broadest near the middle, acute to rounded at the apex, acute or obtuse at the
base and short-decurrent, deep-green and sparsely hirtello-puberulent on the upper surface,
densely hirtellous beneath, the lateral nerves 5-7 on each side, slightly arcuate, inconspicuous;
peduncles of the staminate cymes 1-1.6 cm. long, slender, terminal and axillary, few-flowered,
the flowers usually 2-5, subspicate or subcapitate, yellow, subsessile or on pedicels 1 mm.
long or shorter, the perianth 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, urceolate, glabrate; stamens 7, 2-3.5
mun. long; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

Tyee LocaLity: Near Barahona, Santo Domingo.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

15. Neea fagifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 39. 1897.

Branchlets sparsely tomentulose, glabrate in age, leafy at the apex, the internodes short;
leaves opposite, the petioles 6-8 mm. long, the blades elliptic-lanceolate, 4.2-5.7 cm. long,
2.2-2.8 cm. wide, widest at the middle, attenuate to the acutish apex and the cuneate base,
thin, lustrous above and glabrate, densely short-villous beneath; peduncles of the staminate
inflorescence 2-3 cm. long, the cymes short-pyramidal, the branches slender, the flowers sessile
or very short-pedicellate, the perianth ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, shortly but distinctly narrowed
at both ends, glabrous, 5-dentate, the teeth acute; stamens 6, unequal, half as long as the
perianth; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

TYPE Locaity: Granada, Nicaragua. .
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

2. CEPHALOTOMANDRA Karst. & Triana; Karst. Linnaea 28: 429,
1856.

Trees or shrubs, more or less pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades entire.
Flowers dioecious, small, yellowish or reddish, tribracteolate, pedicellate, arranged in terminal

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 179

long-pedunculate many-flowered cymes. Staminate perianth urceolate-campanulate, abruptly
constricted below the middle, the limb broad, shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes plicate-valvate.
Stamens numerous, usually 25-30, included, the filaments stout, unequal, the anthers oblong.
Pistillate perianth with a 5-lobed limb, this persistent. Ovary ovoid, sessile, attenuate to a
filiform style, this stigmatose on the inner side. Anthocarp woody, longitudinally costate.
Seed with a membranaceous testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo straight, the cotyledons
cordate, enclosing the scanty endosperm, the radicle inferior. :
Type species, Cephalotomandra fragrans Karst. & Triana.

1. Cephalotomandra panamensis Standley, sp. nov.

Young branches stout, brownish, glabrous; petioles stout, 2-2.5 cm. long, glabrous,
shallowly canaliculate on the upper side; leaf-blades oval, oblong-oval, or ovate-oval, 11-20
em. long, 5.7—-11 em. wide, rounded or subcordate at the base and very abruptly short-decurrent,
acute or acutish at the apex, subcoriaceous, bright-green, glabrous, the costa coarse and
prominent, the lateral veins slender, prominent, 6-8 on each side, distant, ascending; peduncles
stout, 9-12 cm. long, glabrous, the cymes 6-8 cm. wide, divaricately branched, the branches
puberulent, the pedicels stout, 1-4 mm. long; staminate perianth 3-4 mm. long, glabrous or
obscurely puberulent, the limb 3 mm. broad, the lobes very short, obtuse; fruit ellipsoid, 12-14
mm. long, 5~6 mm. in diameter, glabrous, coarsely costate; seed ellipsoid, reddish-brown,
7 mm. long.

Type collected in Panama, Sutton Hayes 998 (herb. Columbia Univ.).

3. TORRUBIA Vell. Fl. Flum. 139. 1827.

Bessera Vell. Fl. Flum. 147. 1827. Not Bessera Schultes f. 1809.
Columella Vell. Fi. Flum. 155. 1827. Not Columella Lour. 1790.

Shrubs or trees, unarmed, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves mostly opposite, usually
petiolate, the blades entire, often thick-coriaceous. Flowers dicecious, small, reddish, yellow-
ish-green, or greenish-white, exinvolucrate, 2-3-bracteolate, sessile or pedicellate, arranged in
lateral or terminal pedunculate cymes. Staminate perianth obconic-campanulate, the limb
5-dentate, the teeth short, induplicate-valvate. Stamens 6-10, exserted, the filaments un-
equal, filiform, short-connate at the base, the anthers oblong. Pistillate perianth tubular,
the limb narrow, shallowly 5-dentate. Ovary elongate-ovoid, sessile, attenuate to the usually
short-exserted style, the stigma penicillate. Anthocarp drupaceous, the exocarp fleshy, juicy,
red to black, the utricle elongate, papyraceous or coriaceous, striate. Seed with a hyaline
testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo straight, the cotyledons broad, enclosing the scanty
endosperm, the radicle short, inferior.

Type species, Torrubia opposita Vell.

Leaf-blades thick-coriaceous; petioles usually very stout.
Petioles 1-2 mm. long; leaf-blades 4 cm. long or shorter, mostly or-
bicular, glabrous or nearly so. 1. T. suborbiculata.
Petioles 3-20 mm. long; leaf-blades 6—11.5 cm. long.
Leaf-blades densely ferrugino-puberulent beneath; petioles 3-10
mun. long. 3. T. rufescens.
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so. :
Pistillate perianth tubular to tubular-funnelform, not constricted
at the mouth; perianth and branches of the inflorescence
glabrate. 2. T. ligustrifolia.
Pistillate perianth ellipsoid-oblong, constricted at the mouth;
perianth and branches of the inflorescence densely ferrugino-
puberulent. 4. T. obtusata.
Leaf-blades very thinly coriaceous; petioles usually slender.
Leaf-blades rounded at the apex, often emarginate.

Leaves densely puberulent. 5. T. floridana.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so. . :
Leaf-blades oval or oblong, broadest at the middle. 6. T. discolor.

Leaf-blades oblanceolate or obovate, broadest above the middle.
Fruit globose-obovoid, little longer than thick, 5-6 mm.
long. .
Fruit ellipsoid-oblong, twice as long as thick, 7-8 mm. long. 8.
Leaf-blades obtuse or acutish to long-attenuate at the apex, never
rounded.

. longifolia.
Bracei.

NN

180 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

Leaves densely ferrugino-puberulent when young, glabrate in age
except along the veins. 9. T. cuspidata.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so, even when young.
Leaf-blades broadest at the middle, often elliptic, usually long-
acuminate at the apex.
Inflorescence lax, few-flowered; leaf-blades oval or oblong-
oval. 10. T. potosina.
Inflorescence dense, many-flowered; leaf-blades mostly nar-
rowly elliptic.

Leaf-blades 8-11 cm. long; bracts about 1 mm. long. 11. T. costaricana,
Leaf-blades 7.5 cm. long or less; bracts 1.5-3.5 mm. long. 12. T. linearibracteata.
Leaf-blades mostly broadest above the middle, never elliptic nor
long-acuminate.
Staminate perianth 6-7 mm. long, nearly glabrous. 13. T. Dussii.
Staminate perianth 3.5-5 mm. long, copiously puberulent,
Stamens usually 9; leaf-blades thick. 14. T. coriifolia.

Stamens 6-8; leaf-blades thin.
Flowers solitary in the cymes, long-pedicellate, densely
puberulent. 15. T. panamensis.
Flowers glomerate in the cymes, sessile or very short-
pedicellate, sparsely puberulent.
Lateral nerves of the leaves numerous, with numer-
ous fine, conspicuously reticulate veinlets. 16. T. fragrans.
Lateral nerves of the leaves few, 6-9 on each side,
distant, the intermediate veinlets inconspicuous. 17. T. Harrisiana.

1. Torrubia suborbiculata (Hemsl.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 613. 1904.

Pisonia obtusata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 624, in part. 1896. Not P. obtusata Jacq. 1798.
Pisonia suborbiculata Hemsl.: Duss, Ann. Inst. Colon. Marseilles 3: 62. 1897.

Low shrub, 2.5 meters high or less, the branches stout, rugulose, grayish or yellowish,
the branchlets stout or slender, sparsely puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the inter-
nodes 0.2—2 cm. long; leaves opposite, subequal or very unequal, the petioles stout, 1-2 mm,
long, 1 mm. thick, the blades orbicular, rounded-oval, or oval, 1.6-3.5 cm. long, 1.1-2.5 cm.
_ Wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded or rarely only obtuse at the apex, cori-
aceous, glabrous, the margins often slightly revolute, the lateral veins prominent beneath,
4-6 on each side, anastomosing near the margins, the veinlets prominent, coarsely reticulate;
staminate peduncles 1.3-2.5 cm. long, very slender, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, the in-
florescence few-flowered, cymose, 1.5 cm. broad, the flowers mostly solitary, on pedicels 0.5—2
mim. long, the bractlets linear or oblong, sparsely puberulent, the perianth tubular-funnelform,
2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes short, obtuse; pistillate peduncles 1.2-2.2 cm. long, slender,
sparsely puberulent or glabrate, the inflorescence subcorymbose, 1.5-2 cm. broad, few-flowered,
lax, the branches opposite or alternate, short, glabrate, the flowers solitary, on pedicels 1—4
mim. long, the bractlets linear or linear-oblong, 1 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous or nearly so;
fruit ellipsoid-oblong, 8 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, red and glaucous at maturity, the
utricle finely striate; seed ellipsoid, 6 mm. long, dark-brown, finely striate.

TyPr LocaALity: Martinique.
DISTRIBUTION: Martinique.

2. Torrubia ligustrifolia (Heimer!) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 100. 1916.

Pisonia ligustrifolia Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 507. 1913,

Branches slender, grayish, substriate, the internodes 0.9-5.2 cm. long, the branchlets at
first sparsely rufo-hirtellous, soon glabrate; leaves opposite, subequal, the petioles 5 mm. long
or less and 2 mm. thick, glabrous, the blades elliptic, 4.4-7.2 cm. long, 1.9-3.3 mm. wide,
usually widest at the middle and slightly more than twice as long as wide, nearly equally
rounded at both ends, thick-coriaceous, concolorous, dull or sublustrous, glabrous, the margins
revolute, the midvein very prominent beneath, the lateral veins numerous, slender, straight,
connected by numerous reticulate veinlets; pistillate peduncles 3 cm. long, stout, glabrate,
the inflorescence corymbose, many-flowered, the primary branches trichotomous, very sparsely
rufo-hirtellous or glabrate, the flowers solitary, subsessile or on pedicels 2 mm. long or shorter,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 181

the bractlets triangular-lanceolate, acutish, 1 mm. long, the perianth tubular or tubular-
funnelform, 4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the limb suberect, the 5 teeth sublanceolate, sub-
obtuse; style exserted; fruit (immature) 8 mm. long and 3 mm. thick, fusiform-ellipsoid.

TYPE LocALity: Santo Domingo.
DistRrBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

3. Torrubia rufescens (Heimerl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 613.
1904.
Pisonia calophylla rufescens Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 626. 1896.
Pisonia rufescens Griseb.; Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 626, as synonym. 1896.

Branches stout, gray, striolate, glabrous, the branchlets stout, densely ferrugino-puberu-
lent, the internodes 1.5-2.5 cm. long; leaves opposite, subequal or very unequal, the petioles
stout, 0.3-1 cm. long, 2 mm. thick, the blades rounded-obovate to broadly oval, 4.2-5.6 cm.
long, 2.8-4.5 cm. wide, broadly cuneate or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded or truncate
at the apex, when young densely ferrugino-tomentulose on both surfaces, in age glabrous on
the upper surface, thick-coriaceous, the margins plane, the lateral nerves nearly obsolete;
staminate inflorescence cymose, 5 cm. broad, the flowers sessile or subsessile, the branches
densely rufo-puberulent, the perianth narrowly campanulate, 3.5 mm. long, densely ferrugino-
puberulent; stamens half longer than the perianth; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

Type Locatity: Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Cuba.

4. Torrubia obtusata (Jacq.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 612.
1904.

Pisonia obtusata Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 36. 1798. :

Psidium cordatum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 242, in part. 1860. Not P. cordatum Sims, 1816.
Psidium ? pulverulentum Krug & Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 19: 567. 1894.

Pisonia calophylila Heimer|, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 625. 1896.

Torrubia Cokeri Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 613. 1904.

Pisonia obtusata domingensis Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 215. 1912.

Torrubia domingensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 100. 1916.

Shrub or tree, 8 meters high or less, the branches stout, gray, the branchlets stout, rufo-
puberulent when young, glabrate in age, spreading or ascending, the internodes 0.5—3 cm. long;
leaves opposite, subequal, the petioles stout, 0.3-2 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. thick, rufo-puberulent,
the blades broadly oval, obovate-oval, oblong, or rounded-obovate, 4.5-11.5 cm. long, 2.5-7
cm. wide, broadly rounded to cuneate at the base, broadly rounded at the apex, sometimes
shallowly emarginate, thick-coriaceous, concolorous or slightly paler beneath, lustrous above,
dull beneath, often sparsely puberulent beneath when young but soon glabrate, the margins
revolute, the lateral veins slender, numerous, straight, the veinlets prominently and finely
reticulate; peduncles terminal, stout or slender, 1.5-5 cm. long, sparsely rufo-puberulent or
glabrate, the inflorescence cymose, many-flowered, 3-7 cm. broad, the branches slender or
stout, divaricate, opposite or verticillate, sparsely puberulent, the flowers sessile or on pedicels
1-2 mm. long, the bractlets ovate, 1 mm. long, puberulent; staminate perianth funnelform,
3-5 mm. long, sparsely puberulent, greenish-white, the limb obtusely 5-dentate; stamens
usually 6, twice as long as the perianth; pistillate perianth oblong-ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm. long,
slightly constricted below the apex, obtusely 5-dentate; fruit 6-7 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. in
diameter, bright-red, coarsely striate; seed oblong, 4.5 mm. long, brown, striate.

Tver Locality: Island of New Providence, Bahamas. .
DistRiBution: Low thickets, usually near the sea, Bahamas, Cuba, Santo Domingo, and

amaica.
2 ILLUSTRATION: Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: pl. 314.

5. Torrubia floridana Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 615. 1904.

Pisonia floridana Britton; Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 411. 1903.

A low shrub with irregular branches; petioles slender 3-8 mm. long; leaf-blades oval-
obovate or cuneate-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, 0.6-1.3 cm. wide, cuneate at the base, rounded
at the apex, densely puberulent; pistillate cymes few-flowered, terminal, 1~3 cm. broad, on

182 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

peduncles 1-1.7 em. long, the branches densely puberulent, the perianth tubular, 2 mm. long,
glabrate, 5-dentate, the teeth short, obtuse; anthocarp elliptic-oblong, 6-7 mm. long.

TYPE LocaLity: Rock Key, Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

6. Torrubia discolor (Spreng.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 613.
1904.

Pisonia discolor Spreng. Syst. 2: 168. 1825.

Pisonia discolor latifolia Heimer, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 627. 1896.
Pisonia discolor intermedia Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 627. 1896.
Pisonia discolor brevipetiolata Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 215. 1912.

Shrub or small tree, the branches slender, subvirgate, brown or grayish, rugulose, the
branchlets slender, grayish or yellowish, sparsely ferrugino-puberulent or usually glabrous,
the internodes commonly short; leaves opposite or alternate, often crowded, subequal, the
petioles usually slender and 0.5-1.3 cm. long, rarely only 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely
pubertlent, the blades oblong-elliptic to oval, rarely obovate-oval or rounded-ovate, usually
broadest at or below the middle, 2-6.5 cm. long, 0.7-4 cm. wide, broadly rounded to acute at
the base, broadly rounded to acutish at the apex, thin, glabrous, deep-green above and lustrous,
paler beneath and usually dull, the lateral veins obscure, laxly anastomosing near the margin;
peduncles slender, axillary and terminal, 1-2 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so, the inflorescence
laxly paniculate or racemose, few-flowered, 1-2 cm. broad, the flowers sessile or subsessile,
the bractlets ovate or oblong, minute; staminate perianth tubular-campanulate, 4-4.5 mm.
long, glabrous, minutely denticulate; stamens 6-8, less than twice as long as the perianth;
pistillate perianth ellipsoid-oblong, 3 mm. long or less, constricted below the apex; style longer
than the perianth; fruit 5-7 mm. long, ellipsoid-oblong, scarlet, the utricle 10-striate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. _
DistRisuTion: Greater Antilles.

7. Torrubia longifolia (Heimerl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 614
1904.

Pisonia obtusata Chapm. Fl. S. U.S. 374. 1860. Not P. obtusata Jacq. 1798.
Pisonia discolor longifolia Heimerl, Bot. aonb: 21: 627. 1896.
Pisonia longifolia Sarg. Man. 314. 1905

Shrub or tree, sometimes 16 meters high, the smooth trunk sometimes 5 dm. in diameter,
the branches stout or slender, brownish or gray, the branchlets slender, yellowish or gray,
glabrous, or ferrugino-puberulent about the nodes, the internodes usually short; leaves opposite
and alternate, subequal, the petioles slender, 0.6-1.6 cm. long, glabrous, the blades narrowly
oblanceolate to obovate or rounded-obovate, 2.5-6.9 cm. long, 0.7-2.8 cm. broad, cuneate or
usually cuneately long-acuminate or long-attenuate at the base, broadly rounded at the apex,
often emarginate, thin, glabrous, deep-green above and lustrous, slightly paler beneath and
dull, the margins usually slightly revolute, the lateral veins nearly obsolete; peduncles slender,
axillary and terminal, solitary or geminate, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous, the inflorescence laxly
paniculate, 1-4 cm. broad, with few or rather numerous flowers, the branches slender, divari-
cate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, the flowers sessile or subsessile, the bractlets oblong or
ovate, 1 mm. long or less, glabrate; staminate perianth campanulate, 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous
or sparsely puberulent, the limb obtusely 5-dentate; stamens usually 6, less than twice as long
as the perianth; pistillate perianth ellipsoid-oblong, 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous, slightly con-
stricted below the apex, 5-dentate, the teeth erect, acutish; fruit obovoid or globose-obovoid,
5--6 mim. long, red.

TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas.

DistrisuTion: In thickets, near the coast, peninsular Florida and the adjacent keys; Bahamas.
In,ustTRations: Britton, N. Am. Trees f. 336, 337; Sarg. Man. f. 251.

8. Torrubia Bracei Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 614. 1904.

A slender tree, 5 meters high or less, the branches stout, reddish-brown or gray, striate,
the branchlets slender, yellowish, glabrous except about the nodes, there ferrugino-puberulent,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 183

the internodes short; leaves opposite, subequal, the petioles slender, 3-8 mm. long, glabrous,
the blades narrowly obovate-oblong to obovate, broadest above the middle, 3—-5.5 cm. long,
1-2 em. wide, cuneately attenuate or long-attenuate at the base, rounded or obtuse at the
apex, often retuse, deep-green, subconcolorous, dull, glabrous, the margins revolute, the
lateral veins obsolete or nearly so; peduncles slender, 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous, the inflorescence
corymbose, glabrous, few-flowered, 1.5 cm. broad, the flowers sessile, the bractlets oblong,
1 mm. long, glabrous; pistillate perianth narrowly ellipsoid-oblong, 3 mm. jong, slightly con-
stricted below the apex, obtusely 5-denticulate; style slightly exserted; fruit oblong-obovoid,
7-8 mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, claret-red.

TYPE LOCALITY: Coastal coppice, Ft. Montague, New Providence, Bahamas.
DistrrsuTion: In coastal thickets, Bahamas.

9. Torrubia cuspidata (Heimerl) Standley, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb.
18: 100. 1916.
Pisonia cuspidata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 628. 1896.

Tree, 6 meters high, the branches divaricate, yellowish-brown, rugulose, glabrous, the
branchlets rufo-puberulent, leafy at the apex; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades lance-elliptic
or ovate, broadest below the middle, 11.5-15 em. long, 4.8-7 cm. wide, subdecurrent at the
base, gradually or abruptly acuminate or attenuate at the apex, usually subcuspidate, with
an obtuse or acute acumen, densely ferrugino-puberulent when young, glabrate and dull in
age, thin-coriaceous, the lateral veins prominent, 6-9 on each side, arcuate, laxly anastomosing
near the plane margins; peduncles stout, 5-7 cm. long, terminal, the inflorescence cymose,
many-fiowered, dense, the branches rufo-puberulent, ascending, the ultimate cymules 3-many-
flowered, the flowers sessile or rarely on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the bractlets ovate-triangular,
1 mm. long, puberulent; staminate perianth obconic, 3-4 mm. long, rufo-puberulent, the limb
shortly 5-dentate, the teeth triangular, obtuse; stamens 7, 6-8 mm. long; pistillate perianth
oblong-ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit not known.

Tyex Locatrty: Along the Caroni River, Trinidad.
DistrRiBuTion: Grenada and Trinidad.

10. Torrubia potosina Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 99.
1916.

Branches slender, grayish, striolate, the branchlets slender, sparsely ferrugino-puberulent
when young, the internodes 1.5-7 cm. long; leaves opposite, subequal or unequal, the petioles
slender, 4-6 mm. long, sparsely ferrugino-puberulent, the blades oval or oblong-oval, rarely
orbicular-oval, 5-10.5, or rarely only 3.5, cm. long, 2.2-5 cm. wide, rounded or acutish at the
base, acute or usually cuspidately acute or acuminate at the apex, thin, glabrous, concolorous,
slightly lustrous on the upper surface, the lateral veins prominent, divergent, nearly straight,
about 8 on each side, laxly anastomosing near the margins, the secondary veins laxly and
inconspicuously reticulate; pistillate peduncles terminal and axillary, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, very
slender, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, the inflorescence few-flowered, cymose-paniculate,
1.5-3.5 cm. long, the branches opposite or dichotomous, divergent, sparsely ferrugino-puberu-
lent, the flowers solitary or in cymules of 3, sessile or on pedicels 4 mm. long or shorter, the
bractlets acute, about 0.5 mm. long, puberulent, the perianth elliptic-oblong, 2.5-3 mm, long,
slightly constricted in the throat, sparsely ptuberulent, the teeth triangular, acute, erect;
fruit oval, 7 mm. long, 4.5 mm. in diameter; utricle finely striate; seed elliptic-oblong, 6 mm.
long, 2.5-3 mm. in diameter, brown.

Type Locality: Near Rascén, San Luis Potosi.

DIsTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

11. Torrubia costaricana Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 385.

1911.

A small tree, the branches slender, gray, striolate, glabrous, the slender branchlets fer-
rugino-puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the internodes 0.7-4.5 cm. long; leaves oppo-
site, subequal, the petioles slender, 5-10 mm. long, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, the blades

184 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

elliptic, broadest at the middle, 7-11 em. long, 1.8-3.4 cm. wide, attenuate at the base, rather
abruptly long-attenuate or subcaudate at the apex, with an obtuse acumen, thin, deep-green,
concolorous, glabrous, the margins plane, the lateral veins numerous, very slender, straight,
the veinlets finely reticulate; staminate peduncles terminal and axillary, 2-3 cm. long, slender,
sparsely ferrugino-puberulent, the inflorescence cymose, 2—3.5 cm. broad, the primary branches
verticillate, short, densely puberulent, the bracts minute or wanting, the flowers mostly soli-
tary, on stout pedicels 1 mm. long or less, the bractlets ovate-oblong, acutish, 0.5 mm. long,
the perianth broadly funnelform, 2—2.5 mm. long, puberulent, white, the teeth minute, broad,
obtuse; stamens 5, twice as long as the perianth; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

TyPE Locality: In forests about Nicoya, Costa Rica.
DiIstRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

12. Torrubia linearibracteata (Heimerl) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 100. 1916.
Pisonia linearibracteata Heimerl, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 221. 1913.

Branches spreading, slender, straight or flexuotus, grayish or grayish-brown, densely
striolate, the internodes 9.3~3.2 cm. long, glabrate, the branchlets rufo-puberulent; leaves
opposite or, at the apices of the branchesy verticillate, equal or unequal, the petioles 4-10 mm.
long, | mm. thick, glabrous, the blades rhombic-elliptic to broadly lance-elliptic, rarely obovate
or oblanceolate-elliptic, 7.5 cm. long and 4.3 cm. wide or smaller, usually widest at the middle,
usually equally and shortly acuminate or attenuate at both ends, the apex subobtuse, charta-
ceous, concolorous, dull, glabrous, the margins slightly revolute, the lateral nerves 5-8 on each
side, slender, nearly straight, the veinlets few and laxly branched; staminate peduncles 3.2-
6.4 cm. long, stout, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous, the inflorescence corymbose-paniculate,
3.5-6.5 em. broad, many-flowered, lax, the branches rufo-puberulent, the bracts linear, 1.5+
3.5 mm. long, the flowers mostly solitary, on pedicels 1-2.5 mm. long, the bractlets linear to
linear-lanceolate, acutish, 1-1.5 mm. long, the perianth fumnelform, 4-4.5 mm. long, rufo-
puberulent, the limb 3 mm. broad; stamens 7 or 8, 5-7 mm. long; pistillate flowers and fruit
unknown.

TYPE LocALIty: In forest, Chichen ItzA, Yucatan.
DIstTRIsuTION: Known only from the type locality.

13. Torrubia Dussii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 99.
1916.
Pisonia obtusata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 624, in part. 1896. Not P. obtusata Jacq. 1798.

Tree of medium size, the branches stout, rugose, sordid-grayish, the branchlets stout,
glabrous except at the nodes, there puberulent, the internodes short; leaves opposite, unequal,
the petioles rather stout, 4-8 mm. long, glabrous, the blades oval or oval-oblong, 8-10 cm.
long, 4-6 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, abruptly acute or cuspidately short-acumi-
nate at the apex, rarely acute, with a usually obtuse acumen, thin, concolorous, lustrous above,
duli beneath, glabrous, the margins plane, the lateral veins slender, straight, 6-12 on each
side, the veiulets nearly obsolete, laxly and sparsely reticulate; peduncles stout, 3.5-4.5 cm.
long, glabrous, the inflorescence cymose, 6-8 cm. broad, many-flowered, glabrous, the branches
stout, the flowers sessile, glomerate, the bractlets oblong or deltoid-oblong, acutish, 1 mm.
long or shorter, glabrous; staminate perianth funnelform-campanulate, 6-7 mm. long, glabrous,
the limb obscurely dentate; stamens 6, half longer than the perianth; fruit ellipsoid, 11 mm.
long, 3 mm. in diameter.

TYPE LOCALITY: Guadeloupe.
DistRipution: Guadeloupe and Martinique.

14. Torrubia coriifolia (Heimerl) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
18: 100. 1916.
Pisonia coriifolia Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 213. 1912.

Small tree, the branches grayish, rugulose, glabrous, the branchlets ferrugino-puberulent;
leaves opposite, the petioles stout, 5-12 mm. long, glabrous, the blades broadly obovate or

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 185

oval-obovate, 8.7 em. long and 5.6 cm. broad or smaller, broadest above the middle, narrowed
or attenuate at the base, rounded at the apex and cuspidate-acuminate, coriaceous, sub-
concolorous, lustrous above and glabrous, dull beneath and at first sparsely rufo-hirtellous
but soon glabrate, the margins slightly revolute, the lateral veins prominent, numerous,
usually 10 or more; staminate peduncles slender, erect, 1.4-3.3 cm. long, the inflorescence
subcorymbose, 2 cm. broad or less, rather few-flowered, dense, the branches ferrugino-puberu-
lent, ascending, the ultimate cymules 2-5-flowered, the flowers subsessile or on pedicels 1 mm.
long or shorter, the bractlets ovate, subobtuse, 1 mm. long, the perianth funnelform, 3.5—4
mm. long, rufo-puberulent, the limb obscurely 5-lobed, 3 mm. broad; stamens commonly 9,
rarely 8, 5.5 mm. long or less; pistillate flowers and fruit unknown.

TYPE LocaLity: Grenada,
DISTRIBUTION: Grenada.

15. Torrubia panamensis Standley, sp. nov.
Pisonia Pacurero Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 192. 1854. Not P. PacureroH.B.K. 1817.

Branches slender, grayish-brown, the branchlets slender, densely ferrugino-puberulent,
even in age, the internodes short; leaves opposite, very unequal, the petioles slender, 3-16
mm. long, densely ferrugino-puberulent, the blades oblong-obovate to oval-obovate, broadest
above the middle, 5-8.5 cm. long, 2-3.8 em. wide, cuneate-attenuate at the base, abruptly
acute or cuspidate-acuminate at the apex, rarely obtuse or rounded, some of the blades often
much reduced and only 5-10 mm. long, thin, deep-green, concolorous, glabrous, or sparsely
puberulent beneath along the veins, the margins plane or obscurely revolute, the lateral veins
evident, slightly arcuate, laxly anastomosing near the margins, the veinlets usually evident
and finely reticulate; peduncles terminal, very slender, flexuous, sometimes pendulous, 2-4.5
cm. long, sparsely puberulent, the inflorescence loosely corymbose, 2-3 cm. broad, few-flowered,
the pistillate flowers solitary, on slender, densely puberulent pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long, or a few
of the flowers sessile, the bractlets linear, 1 mm. long; staminate perianth campanulate, 3 mm.
long, puberulent; stamens 6, long-exserted; pistillate perianth ellipsoid-oblong, 3 mm. long,
constricted below the apex, ferrugino-puberulent.

Type collected on Taboga Island, Gulf of Panama, in May, 1911, H. Pittier 3602 (U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 678658).

DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

ILLUSTRATION: Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald #1. 34.

16. Torrubia fragrans (Dum.-Cours.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 100. 1916.

Pisonia obtusata Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1960. 1806. Not P. obtusata Jacq. 1798.

Pisonia fragrans Dum.-Cours. Bot. Cult. ed. 2. 7: 114. 1814. —

Pisonia nigricans Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 442, in part. 1849. Not P. nigricans Sw. 1800.
Pisonia inermis Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 71. 1859, in part. Not P. inermis Jacq. 1763.
Torrubia inermis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 614, in part. 1904.

Pisonia fragrans oblanceolata Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 213. 1912.

Tree, 15 meters high or less, the branches ascending, grayish or brownish, stout, the
branchlets grayish- or rufo-puberulent, the internodes ustially short; leaves opposite, often
very unequal and irregular, the petioles 3-10 mm. long, the blades rhombic-oval, rhombic-
obovate, obovate-oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate, the smallest rarely suborbicular, usually
broadest above the middle, 3-9 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, attenuate to acute at the base or
rarely obtuse, rather abruptly acute or acuminate at the apex, or sometimes rounded or even
emarginate, very rarely bilobate, thin, glabrous, concolorous, often lustrous above, dull be-
neath, the margins plane, the lateral veins evident, usually numerous and approximate,
slightly arcuate, laxly anastomosing near the margins, the veinlets often finely reticulate
beneath; peduncles mostly terminal, stout, 2-4.5 em. long, sparsely puberulent or glabrate,
the inflorescence cymose, 2-6 cm. broad, many-flowered, the branches stout, spreading,
puberulent or finally glabrate, the flowers sessile or on pedicels 1-2 mm. long, in glomerules of
3-5, the bractlets lance-ovate, 1 mm. long or less, puberulent; staminate perianth tubular-
funnelform, 3-4 mm. long, puberulent, obtusely 5-denticulate; stamens 6-8, less than twice

186 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumME 21

as loug as the perianth; pistillate ‘perianth elliptic-oblong, 3 mm. long, slightly constricted
below the mouth, obtusely 5-dentate, puberulent; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 7-11 mm. long, 3-4
min. in diameter.

Type Locality: Described from cultivated specimens.
DistRisuTion: General in the West Indies except Jamaica; also in Colombia and Venezuela.

17. Torrubia Harrisiana (Heimerl) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 100. 1916.

Pisonia obtusata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 624, in part. 1896. Not P. obtusata Jacq. 1798.
Pisonia Harrisiona Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 214. 1912.

Tree, 6-15 meters high, the branches stout, gray or brownish, rugulose, the branchlets
stout, yellowish-gray, sparsely rufo-puberulent but soon glabrate; leaves opposite, subequal,
the petioles 0.5-2 cm. long, slender, puberulent or glabrate, the blades oval, oval-obovate,
or obovate, 4.5-11.5 em. long, 2.2-6 cm. wide, broadest at or sometimes above the middle,
obtuse to attenuate at the base and usually short-decurrent, rather abruptly acute or acutish
or sometimes obtuse at the apex, thin, concolorous, lustrous above, sparsely puberulent when
young but soon glabrate, the margins plane or slightly revolute, the lateral veins evident,
slender, distant, 6—9 on each side, the veinlets obsolete or nearly so; peduncles stout, 2.5-7 cm.
long, puberulent or glabrate, the inflorescence loosely corymbose, 4~7 em. broad, many-flowered,
the branches slender, ascending or spreading, densely grayish- or brownish-puberulent, the
flowers sessile or subsessile, glomerate, the bractlets ovate or lanceolate, acutish, 1 mm. long,
puberulent; staminate perianth tubular-funnelform, 3.5-4 mm. long, densely puberulent,
shallowly and obtusely 5-dentate; stamens 6-8, less than twice as long as the perianth; pistillate
perianth subcampanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, the limb 1.5 mm. broad, spreading, 5-dentate, the
teeth acutish, densely puberulent; fruit ellipsoid, 8-9 mm. long, 4-6 mm. thick, dark-red,
the utricle 5-6 mm. Jong, striate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Potsdam Woodland, Santa Cruz Mountains, Jamaica, at an altitude of 860

meters. .
DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica.

4. PISONIA L,. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753.
Pallavia Vell. Fl. Flum. 151. 1827.

Trees or shrubs, erect or subscandent, glabrous or pubescent, often armed with spines.
Leaves mostly opposite, usually petiolate, the blades entire. Flowers dioecious, small, reddish-
or yellowish-green, arranged in sessile or pedunculate cymes, exinvolucrate, 2—3-bracteolate.
Staminate perianth obconic-campanulate, the limb 5-dentate, the teeth short, induplicate-
valvate; stamens 6-8, exserted, the filaments unequal, filiform, short-connate at the base,
the anthers didymous. Pistillate perianth tubular, the limb 5-dentate. Ovary elongate-
ovoid, sessile, attenuate to a slender short-exserted style; stigma penicillate. Anthocarp
coriaceous, clavate or oblong, terete and costate or 5-angulate, the angles or costae furnished
with one or more rows of viscid stipitate glands; utricle elongate, coriaceous or membranaceous.
Seed with a hyaline testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo straight, the cotyledons broad,
thin, enclosing the scanty endosperm, the radicle short, inferior.

Type species, Pisonia aculeata L,.

Plants armed with spines.
Mature fruit 5-10 mm. in diameter, the glands along the angles in 2 or
more rows.
Fruit 5-6.5 mm. in diameter; spines numerous, stout, recurved;
leaves glabrous. 1. P. Helleri.
Fruit 7-10 mm. in diameter; spines few, or wanting on the ultimate
branches, usually straight; leaves puberulent or short-villous
along the costa beneath. 2. P. macranthocarpa.
Mature fruit 3-4 mm. in diameter, the glands along the angles uni-
seriate or nearly so.
Staminate peduncles mostly fasciculate, the inflorescence with 10 or
fewer flowers; spines straight. 3. P. fasciculata,
Staminate peduncles solitary, the inflorescence many-flowered.
Staminate flowers yellowish-green, in loose open cymes 2.5-6
em. broad. 4, P. aculeata.

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 187

Staminate flowers dark-red, in compact head-like cymes 1-2.2
em. broad.
Leaf-blades acute or acutish, obovate or oblong-obovate,
nearly glabrous; spines straight. 5. P. flavescens.
Leaf-blades rounded or obtuse at the apex, orbicular or
rounded-obovate, densely pubescent on both surfaces;
spines usually recurved. 6. P. capitata.
Plants unarmed.
Leaf-blades herbaceous, acute to acuminate at the base; staminate
flowers in a head-like cyme. 7. P. Donnell-Smithii.
Leaf-blades coriaceous, obtuse to subcordate at the base; staminate
inflorescence not head-like,
Petioles 2-9 mm. long. 8. P. rotundata.
Petioles 11-30 mm. Jong.
Leaf-blades usually 2.2-6.5 em. broad, obtuse or rounded at the

base, pubescent beneath; fruit 5-angled. 9. P. albida.
Leaf-blades mostly 5-9 cm. broad, usually subcordate at base,
glabrous or nearly so; fruit terete, 10-costate. 10. P. subcordata.

1. Pisonia Helleri Standley, sp. nov.

Branches stout, dark reddish-brown, with few lenticels, armed with numerous stout
recurved spines 4-10 mm. long, the branchlets glabrous or sparsely puberulent; petioles
slender, 0.4-3.5 cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades oval-elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate-oblong, or
oval, 3.5-8.5 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, acute to attenuate at the base or rarely rounded,
gradually or abruptly acute to attenuate at the apex, thick and succulent, deep-green, glabrous,
the margins plane, the lateral veins usually nearly obsolete; peduncles of the staminate in-
florescence 1-2.5 cm. long, stout, puberulent or short-villous, the cymes densely or loosely
flowered, 2-4 cm. broad, the flowers yellowish-green, numerous, on pedicels 0.5-2 mm. long,
the bractlets ovate or oblong, 1 mm. long, obtuse, densely puberulent, the perianth broadly
campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, densely puberulent, the lobes deltoid, acutish: stamens 6 or 7,
twice as long as the periantb; peduncles of the pistillate inflorescence 2—3 cm. long, slightly
elongate in age, the cymes at first dense and only 1.5-2 cm. broad, in fruit 8-12 em. broad,
the pedicels at anthesis 0.5-2 mm. long, in age 1-3 cm. long, the perianth 2 mm. long, the tube
short and stout, the limb ascending or spreading, the lobes broad, obtuse; fruit clavate or
clavate-oblong, 10-14 mm. long, 5-6.5 mm. in diameter, rounded or slightly depressed at the
apex, woody, 5-angled, the angles furnished with a row of low pluriseriate glands, the faces
densely puberulent; seed cylindric, acute at the base, about 1 cm. long and 2-3 mm. in diameter,
dark-brown, striate.

Type collected two miles west of Bayamon, Porto Rico, April 29, 1899, Mr. & Mrs. A.A. Heller

1245 (U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 426204). . j
DIsTRIBUTION: Porto Rico, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Antigua.

2. Pisonia macranthocarpa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 293. 1895.

Pisonia nigricans Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 70, in part. 1859. Not P. nigricans Sw. 1800.
Pisonia aculeata macranthocarpa Donn, Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 198. 1891.
Pisonia aculeata pedicellaris Griseb.; Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 633. 1896.

Shrub or small tree, the branches stout, dark reddish-brown, with numerous conspicuous
lenticels, the branchlets stout, puberulent when young but soon glabrate; spines few, often
wanting on the ultimate branches, usually straight, stout, 5-8 mm. long; petioles stout or
slender, 0.5-2.5 cm long; leaf-blades elliptic to broadly oval or rarely broadly obovate, often
irregular in outline, acute to attenuate at the base, acute to attenvate at the apex, sometimes
abruptly so, or rarely obtuse or rounded, coriaceous, deep-green, concolorous, glabrous on
the upper surface, puberulent or short-villous beneath along the costa, or sometimes glabrate
in age, the margins plane, the lateral veins evident, ascending at an angle of 45-60°; peduncles
of the staminate inflorescence 1.5--3 cm. long, viscid-puberulent or hirtellous, the cymes dense,
many-flowered, 2- 3.5 cm. broad, the flowers short-pedicellate, the bractlets ovate, acute, 1 mm.
long, puberulent, the perianth broadly campanulate, 3-4 mm. broad, yellowish-green, rubert-
lent, the teeth short, deltoid, acute; stamens usually 8, twice as long as the perianth; peduncles
of the pistillate inflorescence at anthesis 1-2 cm. long, 4-8 cm. Jong in fruit, the cymes many-
flowered, divaricately branched, at anthesis 2-3 cm. broad, in age 5-12 cm. broad, the branches
puberulent, the bractlets oblong or linear, about 1 mm. long, the pedicels at anthesis 1-2 mm.

188 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

long, in age 2-5 cm. long; pistillate perianth 3 mm. long, funnelform, the teeth short and broad,
obtuse or acute, densely puberulent; fruit woody, oblong in outline or broadly clavate, 1-2.1
em. long, 7-10 mm. thick, 5-angled, truncate or depressed at the apex, acute at the base,
the faces densely tomentulose with yellowish or brownish hairs, each angle furnished with a
row of low multiseriate glands; seed ellipsoid, about 9 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter.

TYPE Locality: Escuintla, Guatemala, at an altitude of 330 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba; Chiapas to Nicaragua and Costa Rica; also in Venezuela.

3. Pisonia fasciculata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 388.
1911.

Branches reddish-brown or gray, smooth, the branchlets stout, spinosé, sparsely puberu-
lent when young, glabrate in age; spines few, stout, straight, 3-4 mm. long; petioles slender,
4-5 mm. long, puberulent; leaf-blades oblong-elliptic to oval-elliptic, 3.5—-4 cm. long, 1.3-2
em. wide, acute at the base, acute or abruptly acute at the apex, the apex usually obtuse,
subcoriaceous, bright-green, concolorous, sparsely puberulent beneath along the midvein, at
least when young, elsewhere glabrous, the margins plane, the lateral veins nearly obsolete;
peduncles of the staminate inflorescence usually in clusters of 2-5, 10-12 mm. long, viscid-
villous with very short ferruginous hairs, the cymes subcapitate, about 1 cm. in diameter,
5-10-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate, the pedicels densely and shortly ferrugino-villous;
staminate perianth campanulate, 2-3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; stamens 6, nearly
twice as long as the perianth; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.

TYPE LocaLIty: Nicaragua.
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala and Nicaragua.

4. Pisonia aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753.

Pisonia villosa Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 5: 347. 1804.

Pisonia Siebert Schlecht. Linnaea 22: 876. 1822.

Pisonia loranthoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 197. 1825.

Pallavia aculeata Vell. Fl. Flum. 151. 1825.

Pisonia monotaxadenia Wright; Sauv. Anal. “Acad. Ci. Habana 7: 199. 1870.

Pisonia tomentosa Vahl; Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 631, as synonym. 1896.

Pisonia grandifolia Standley, Contr. ULS. Nat. Herb. 13:391. 1911. Not P. grandifolia Warb, 1891.

Densely branched shrub, often with a thick trunk, the branches stout, elongate, drooping
or subscandent, usually armed with numerous stout, recurved, very rarely straight spines
6-20 mum. long, the bark of older stems reddish-brown, with few or no lenticels, the branchlets
densely puberulent or short-villous, rarely glabrate; petioles slender or stout, 0.5-3.5 cm.
long; leaf-blades very variable in outline, commonly elliptic-oval, but often ovate-oblong,
subrhombic, obovate, oval, obovate-orbicular, or even orbicular, 2.5-15 cm. long, 1.5-6 cm.
wide, usually broadly or narrowly cuneate at the base but sometimes rounded or even sub-
cordate, acute or acutish at the apex or abruptly acute or acuminate or even rounded or
emarginate, thick and succulent, glabrous and lustrous on the upper surface or puberulent,
glabrate beneath or puberulent or short-villous, always with at least sparse pubescence along
the costa, the margins plane, the lateral veins evident or obsolete; peduncles stout, 0.8-5
em. long, or the pistillate ones in fruit still longer; inflorescence loosely or densely cymose,
many-flowered, at anthesis 2-6 cm. broad, the pistillate cymes in fruit often 10 cm. broad;
pedicels at anthesis short, puberulent, short-villous, or hirtellous, the ptbescence usually
viscid, the pistillate pedicels in fruit 1.6 cm. long or less; staminate perianth broadly cam-
panulate, 2-4 mm. long, densely puberulent or tomentulose, yellowish-green, the lobes broad,
acutish; stamens ustially 6, twice as long as the perianth; pistillate perianth tubular, 2-3 mm.
long, pttberulent; fruit clavate, 9-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, rounded at the apex,
narrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous, 5-angled, each angle furnished with a row of low
uniseriate or obscurely biseriate glands, the faces glabrate or puberulent; seed cylindric, 7-10
mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter, brown.

TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.

DISTRIBUTION: On sea beaches or hillsides, Florida keys and the West Indies; Tamaulipas to
Sinaloa and Panama; also in tropical South America and Asia, and on many of the oceanic and
continental islands.

InLusTRATIONS: Lam. Tab. Encyc. fl. 861; Vell. Fl. Flum. 4: pl. 12; Sloane, Hist. Jam. pl.
167, f. 3, 4; Plum. Ic. pl. 227, f. 1; nn 1. Fruct. pl. 76; Wight, Ic. pl. 1763, 1764; Nutt. Sylva 3:
pl. 721; Fawe. & Rendle, FI. Jam. 3:f.5

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 189

5. Pisonia flavescens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 389.
1911.

Branches slender, dark-gray, smooth, the branchlets brown or grayish, puberulent; spines
stout, straight, 6-7 mm. long; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long; leaf-blades obovate or obovate-
oblong, 4-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, very acute or attenuate at the base, acute or acuminate
at the apex, the acumen usually obtuse, subcoriaceous, yellowish-green, concolorous, glabrate
above, minutely puberulent beneath, the margins plane, the lateral veins evident beneath,
arcuiate-ascending at an angle of 45-60°; peduncles solitary, 1 cm. long or usually shorter;
staminate inflorescence capitate-cymose, many-flowered, 1 em. broad or less, the flowers very
short-pedicellate, the pedicels puberulent; staminate perianth broadly campanulate, 2.5 mm.
long and usually broader, puberulent, deep-red; stamens usually 6, nearly twice as long as the
perianth; fruit clavate, 10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, 5-angled, glabrate, each angle beset
with a row of short uniseriate glands.

TYPE LocaLity: San José del Cabo, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

6. Pisonia capitata (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 388. 1911.
Cryptocarpus ? capitatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 71. 1889.

A densely branched shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less, branched to the ground
or often with a distinct trunk, the branches spreading or often weak and clambering, armed
with numerous stout, recurved or rarely straight spines 7-14 mm. long; branches stout, terete,
gray or greenish-gray, sometimes reddish-brown, the branchlets densely short-villous; petioles
slender or stout, 0.6-3 cm. long; leaf-blades orbicular or orbicular-obovate, 2-6 cm. long and
nearly or quite as broad, rounded to broadly cttneate at the base, broadly rounded at the
apex, or sometimes very shortly and abruptly acutish, thick and firm, dull, yellowish-green,
densely and finely puberulent on the upper surface, densely puberulent or very sho:t-villous
beneath, the margins plane, the lateral veins often conspicuous beneath, divaricate or ascend-
ing; peduncles of the staminate inflorescence solitary, stout, 0.5—-3 cm. long, the cymes sub-
globose, congested, densely many-flowered, 1-1-8 cm. in diameter, the flowers on very short,
densely puberulent pedicels, the perianth broadly campanulate, 2-3 mm. long, densely and
shortly viscid-villous, deep-red, the lobes obtuse; stamens 6, twice as long as the perianth;
pistillate peduncles 0.5-2 cm. long at anthesis, 4 cm. long or less in fruit, the cymes at anthesis
subglobose, densely flowered, in age loosely branched, the branches divaricate or ascending,
the pedicels at first 1-2 mm. long, in age 0.5-2 em. long, the bractlets subulate-linear, 1 mm.
long, the perianth tubular, 2-2.5 mm. long, densely puberulent, shallowly 5-dentate; fruit
clavate or prismatic, 7-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, rounded at the apex, narrowed at
the base, 5-angled, each angle furnished with a row of low uniseriate glands, the sides densely
puberulent; seed cylindric, 6-8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter, dark-brown.

Type LocaLrty: Near Guaymas, Sonora.

DistRrBuTION: In sandy soil, often along watercourses, southern Sonora to Tepic.
InLusTRATION: Contr U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: pl. 75, B.

7. Pisonia Donnell-Smithii Heimer]; Standley, Contr. U. 5. Nat.
Herb. 13: 387. 1911.

Branches stout, unarmed, grayish, shortly appressed-pilose, glabrate in age, densely
leafy; leaves usually crowded on the short lateral branches, very unequal, the petioles 4-8
mm. long, the blades obovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 3-5.5 cm. long, 1.2-2.8 cm.
wide, acute or attenuate at the base, narrowed to the obtuse apex, bright-green, concolorous,
herbaceous, sparsely pubertilent on the upper surface or glabrate, short-villous beneath along
the costa, the margins plane, the lateral veins nearly obsolete; staminate peduncles solitary,
2.2-3 cm. long, the inflorescence capitate-corymbose, 2 cm. broad or less, the flowers on pedicels
1 mm. long or shorter; bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long, oval, oblong, or obovate, rounded at the apex,

190 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

green, glabrous or nearly so; staminate perianth narrowly campanulate, 5 mm. long, minutely
puberulent, 5-dentate, the teeth obtuse; pistillate flowers and fruit not known.
TYPE Locality: Los Verdes, Department of Amatitlan, Guatemala, at an altitude of 1050

meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

8. Pisonia rotundata Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 283. 1866.
Pisonia subcordata rotundata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 630. 1896.

A spreading shrub, I-1.5 meters high, or a small tree, 6 meters high or less, the branches
stout, gray or brown, the branchlets stout, densely ferrugino-puberulent or tomentulose when
young, glabrate in age, densely leafy, the internodes very short; petioles stout, 2-9 mm. long;
leaf-blades broadly obovate-oval, oval-oblong, or rounded-oval, 2-6 cm. long, 1.5—4.5 cm. wide,
rounded or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded and usually shallowly emarginate at the apex,
coriaceous, grayish-green above and glabrous or sparsely puberulent, slightly paler beneath
and puberulent or hirtellous, usually densely so when young but sometimes glabrate in age,
the margins revolute, the lateral veins prominent beneath, 5-9 on each side, divergent at an
angle of about 60°; peduncles stout, 1.5-3.5 em. long, densely puberulent or ferrugino-hirtellous,
or rarely glabrate; staminate cymes 2~3.5 em. broad, dense, the branches ascending, the
flowers short-pedicellate or sessile, the bractlets minute, the perianth campanulate, 3 mm.
long, sparsely or densely puberulent; stamens usually 8, nearly twice as long as the perianth;
pistillate cymes 4-6 cm. broad, loosely divaricate-branched, the flowers on pedicels 2-9 mm.
long, the bractlets linear, 1 mm. long or shorter, puberulent, the perianth tubular, 3.5—-4 mm.
long, densely puberulent; fruit clavate, about 8 mm. long, 5-angled, rounded at the apex,
densely puberulent, the angles each bearing a row of low uniseriate glands.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Hanabana, Cuba.
DisTRIBUTION: Florida keys; Bahamas, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines.

9. Pisonia albida (Heimerl) Britton.

Pisonia subcordata typica albida Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 630. 1896.
Pisonia subcordata iypica gigantophylla Heimer}, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 630. 1896.
Pisonia subcordata albida Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 4: 226. 1905.

Branches stout, gray, the branchlets grayish-puberulent when young but soon glabrate,
densely leafy; petioles 1.1-2 cm. long, stout; leaf-blades oblong, oval, or rounded-oval, 4.5-11
cm. long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide (rarely up to 26 cm. long and 18 cm. wide on young shoots), rounded
or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded at the apex or rarely obtuse, subcoriaceous, grayish-
green above and glabrous or nearly so, paler beneath and cinereo-tomentulose, or glabrate in
age, the margins plane, sometimes undulate, the lateral veins prominent beneath, ascending
at an angle of 45-60°, nearly straight, the veinlets finely reticulate; peduncles 1-3 cm. long;
staminate cymes 2~—3.5 cm. broad, dense or rather open, the branches grayish-puberulent, the
flowers short-pedicellate, the bractlets minute, the perianth campanulate, 3 mm. long, puberu-
lent, 5-dentate, the teeth short, obtuse; stamens usually 8, about twice as long as the perianth;
pistillate cymes open, divaricate-branched, the pedicels 2-15 mm. long, the bractlets minute;
fruit (immature) 6-7 mm. long, clavate, 5-angled, densely puberulent, the angles each bearing
a row of short uniseriate glands above the middle.

TYPE LOCALITY: Porto Rico.
DISTRIBUTION: On dry limestone hillsides and in sandy coastal thickets, Porto Rico.

10. Pisonia subcordata Sw. Prodr. 60. 1788.

Pisonia nigricans West, Bidr. St. Croix 312. 1793. Not P. nigricans Sw. 1800.
Pisonia subovata Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 5: 347. 5
Pisonia subcordata Swartziana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 630. 1896.

Tree, 10-20 meters high, the branches stout, gray or brownish, the branchlets stout,
ferrugino- or grayish-puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the internodes short; petioles
slender or stout, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; leaf-blades suborbicular to broadly oval,
5.5-13.5 cm. long, 4.5-10.5 cm. wide, usually subcordate at the base but sometimes rounded,
often unequal, usually broadly rounded at the apex but sometimes obtuse or shallowly emar-

ParT 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 191

ginate, deep-green, concolorous, glabrous, or sparsely puberulent beneath along the veins, the
margins plane, the lateral veins prominent, arcuately divergent or ascending; peduncles stout,
1-3 cm. long, puberulent when young but soon glabrate; staminate inflorescence densely corym-
bose, 2-3 cm. broad, the flowers very shortly and stoutly pedicellate or sessile, green or greenish-
yellow, the bractlets deltoid, 1 mm. long or shorter, the perianth campanulate, 3-4 mm. long,
puberulent; stamens usually 8, nearly twice as long as the perianth; pistillate inflorescence
loosely corymbose, 4.5—7 cm. broad, the flowers on pedicels 5 mm. long or shorter, the bractlets
linear, 1-1.5 mm. long, the perianth 3 mm. long, cylindric; fruit cylindric or clavate, 10-13
mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter, 10-striate, bearing on the upper third 5 rows of low uniseriate
glands.

Type Locauiry: Antigua.
DIsTRIBUTION: Porto Rico to Martinique.
ILLUSTRATION: E. & P. Nat. Pft. 39: f. 7, S.

5. PISONIELLA (Heimer!) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 385. 1911.
Pisonia § Pisoniella Heimerl, in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 312: 29. 1889.

Erect shrubs, more or less pubescent, dichotomously much branched. Leaves opposite,
those of a pair subequal, petiolate, the blades broad, entire. Flowers perfect, in headlike,
pedunculate, axillary and terminal umbels, pedicellate, each pedicel subtended by a minute
bract; perianth tubular-campanulate, slightly constricted at the middle, the limb induplicate-
valvate, shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes rounded or subtruncate, the tube obtusely 5-angulate.
Stamens 6-11; filaments filiform, exserted, short-connate into a fleshy ring at the base; anthers
didymous. Ovary oblong, attenuate to a filiform style; stigma capitate, papillose. Antho-
carp oblong-clavate, slightly curved, coriaceous, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base,
5-costate, the faces smooth, the angles bearing numerous verrucose glands. Seed narrowly
oblong, the embryo straight; cotyledons broad, enclosing the farinaceous endosperm; radicle
short, descending.

Type species, Boerhaavia arborescens Lag. & Rodr.

1. Pisoniella arborescens (Lag. & Rodr.) Standley, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 13: 385. 1911.
Boerhaavia arborescens Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Ci. Nat. 4: 257. 1801.

Pisonia hirtella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 217. 1818. .
Pisonia mexicana Willd. (Enum. Suppl. 20, hyponym. 1813); Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 354.
1821.

Boerhaavia octandra S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 145. 1891.
Pisonia arborescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3?: 265. 1898.

Shrub 2 meters high or less, the branches ascending or spreading, slender, brownish or
grayish, sparsely puberulent, sometimes short-villous at the nodes, soon glabrate; petioles
slender, 3-10 mm. long; leaf-blades ovate-orbicular to rounded-oval or broadly ovate, 2.5-7
em. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, truncate or rounded at the base, obtuse to attenuate at the
apex, usually rather abruptly so, thin, bright-green, slightly paler beneath, puberulent and
short-villous, especially along the veins, ciliate, glabrate in age; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; heads
of flowers dense, many-flowered, 12-15 mm. in diameter, the slender pedicels 1-2 mm. long,
in age sometimes 6 mm. long; perianth 5-7 mm. long, greenish-white, viscid-puberulent; fruit
about 1 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. thick, dark-brown.

Type Locality: Salvatierra, Guanajuato.

DistRiBurion: Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca

Il. SALPIANTHEAE. Plants herbaceous, or suffrutescent at the base,
unarmed. Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect, usually racemose; perianth
small, green, persistent, almost unchanged in fruit, of like consistency through-

out. Anthocarp dry, eglandular. Embryo strongly curved.

192 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

6. SALPIANTHUS Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 155. 1807.

Boldoa Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 9. 1816.
Cryptocarpus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 187. 1817.

Large herbs or sometimes shrubs (the roots sometimes tuberous ?), much branched, the
branches pubescent and usually viscid. Leaves alternate, petiolate, the blades broad, entire.
Flowers perfect, exinvolucrate, ebracteate, small, glomerate or racemose, forming terminal
and axillary, paniculate cymes; perianth campanulate, urceolate, or tubular, green or reddish,
scarcely accrescent in age and persistent, pubescent and glandular-viscid, the limb 4-dentate,
the teeth valvate, short. Stamens 3 or 4, inserted on a small fleshy disk, shortly united at
the base, or sometimes only on one side, opposite the perianth segments; filaments exserted,
filiform, flexuous, unequal; anthers didymous, the cells globose. Ovary sessile, attenuate
to a filiform style; stigma acute. Fruit utricular, subglobose, compressed, costate on one
side, coriaceous. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo hippocrepiform, the
cotyledons plane, enclosing the copious endosperm, the radicle elongate, descendent.

Type species, Salpianthus arenarius Humb. & Bonpl.

Perianth campanulate, little exceeding the fruit, green, 2.5—3 mm. long, bearing
numerous uncinate hairs. 1. S. purpurascens,
Perianth tubular, several times as long as the fruit, reddish or whitish, 5-7 mm.
long, without uncinate hairs.
Perianth 5 mm. long; branches of the inflorescence flexuous, almost equally
dichotomous; racemes 2—5 cm. long; leaves sessile or nearly so. 2. S. aequalis.
Perianth 6—7 mm. long; branches of the inflorescence not flexuous, alternate;
racemes 1—2 em. long; leaves conspicuously petiolate.
Perianth densely villous, especially above, the teeth broadly triangular,

connivent or incurved; stems short-villous above. 3. S. avenarins.
Perianth usually puberulent, or sparsely villous, the teeth triangular,
erect or slightly spreading; stems puberulent. 4. S. macrodontus.

1. Salpianthus purpurascens (Cav.) H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 308.
1837.

Boldoa purpurascens Cav.; Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 10. 1816.

Boldoa ovatifolia Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 10. 1816.

Cryptocerpus globosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 187. 1817.

Boerhaavia rhomboidea Humb.; Spreng. Jahrb. Gewéchsk. 13: 66. 1818.

Boldoa paniculata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10!: 356. 1842.

meee aa petiolare Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10?: 345. 1843. Not C. petiolare H. B. K.

Cryptocar pus rhomboideus Moq. in DC. Prodr. 132: 88. 1849.

Plants herbaceous, about a meter high, much branched, the branches slender, subangulate,
green, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, those of the inflorescence viscid and bearing numerous
short uncinate hairs; petioles 1-11 cm. long, slender, marginate above; leaf-blades broadly
rhombic-ovate to ovate-deltoid, 4.5-22 cm. long, 3-18 cm. wide, acute to attenuate at the
apex, usually abruptly so, the tip usually obtuse, abruptly acute or acuminate at the base and
often long-decurrent, bright-green, finely scaberulous when young, glabrate in age; flowers
sessile or subsessile, glomerate or in short dense racemes at the ends of the slender paniculate
branches of the inflorescence; perianth subglobose or urceolate, terete, 2.5-3 mm. long, green,
densely glandular-puberulent and bearing numerous short uncinate whitish hairs, 4-dentate,
the teeth broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse; stamens 4, exserted, flexuous; fruit subglobose,
slightly compressed, 1.5 mm. in diameter; seed black, lustrous, smooth.

TYPE LOocALITy: Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz and Guatemala; Cuba; also in northern South

America.
ILLUSTRATION: H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. fl. 123.

2. Salpianthus aequalis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 392.
1911.
Shrub, or frutescent only at the base, 7-10 dm. high; branches stout, terete, reddish,

cinereo-puberulent, the branches of the inflorescence rather stout, very flexuous, subequally
dichotomous, densely grayish-villous with short hairs, not viscid; leaf-blades rhombic-ovate

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 193

to ovate-elliptic, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, acute
to attenuate at the base, usually somewhat abruptly so, grayish-green, densely puberulent,
the petioles very short, usually marginate to the base; flowers in dense racemes 2-5 cm. long,
these forming a dense corymb 30 cm. broad; pedicels slender, 3-5 mm. long, densely short-
villous; perianth greenish-white, 5 mm. long, 4-angulate, white-villous outside and bearing
very numerous short gland-tipped hairs, slightly dilated above, shallowly 4-dentate, the
teeth broadly triangular, short, obtuse or acutish, connivent; stamens 4, long-exserted, flexu-
ous; fruit oval-ovoid, slightly compressed, 2.5 mm. long; seed dull-black, smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Monte de Charnaco, Michoac4n or Guerrero, at an altitude of 810
meters.

DIstTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

3. Salpianthus arenarius Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin 1: 139. 1807.
Boldoa lanceolata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 10. 1816.

Shrub, or frutescent only at the base, 1-5 meters high, much branched, the branches
ascending, green, terete or subangulate, soft-puberulent or short-villous, those of the inflores-
cence densely short-villous with usually fulvous hairs; petioles slender, 5-12 mm. long; leaf-
blades broadly ovate-rhombic to lance-ovate, 3-8 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 em. wide, very acute to
obtuse at the apex, rarely rounded and apiculate, very abruptly acuminate at the base, bright-
green, densely puberulent or short-villous, the veins often prominent, the lateral ones arcuate-
ascending, the leaves of the inflorescence usually much reduced; flowers in dense racemes 1-2
em, long with densely short-villous rachises, arranged in dense, large or small corymbs; pedicels
slender, 2-6 mm. lomg, densely short-villous and viscid; perianth reddish-green, 6-7 mm. long,
angulate, densely short-villous and viscid, shallowly 5-dentate, the teeth broadly triangular,
obtuse or actutish, connivent or incurved; stamens 4, long-exserted, flexuous; fruit suborbicular,
compressed, 2 mm. long, seed black, lustrous, smooth.

Types LocaLity: Near Acapulco, Guerrero.
Distripution: In sandy or alluvial soil, Jalisco to Oaxaca.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: pl. 44; Poir. Tab. Encyc. Suppl. 1. 906.

4. Salpianthus macrodontus Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 393. 1911.

Boldoa lanceolata macrodonta Heimerl, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 222. 1913.

Plants 1-2 meters high, herbaceous, or suffrutescent at the base, branched, the branches
ascending, stout or slender, subangulate, puberulent; petioles slender, 4-15 mm. long; leaf-
blades rhombic-ovate, lance-ovate, or deltoid-ovate, 3-6.5 cm. long, 1.3-3.5 cm. wide, acute
to attenuate at the apex or often only acutish, frequently apiculate, acute to attenuate at
the base, usually abruptly so, bright-green, very minutely puberulent or scaberulous; flowers in
dense racemes 1-2 cm. long, the rachises puberulent, forming dense, broad or narrow cymes;
pedicels slender, 2-5 mm. long, puberulent or short-villous; perianth reddish-green, 6 mm.
long, angulate, finely glandular-puberulent, and with a few very short, villous hairs along the
angles, 4-dentate, the teeth triangular or oblong, usually longer than broad, acute or acutish,
erect or slightly spreading; stamens 4, long-exserted, flexuous; fruit suborbicular, compressed,
1.5 mm. long; seed black, lustrous, smooth.

Type LocALity: On cliffs along the sea near the signal station at Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
DistrRiButTION: In dry soil, Sonora and Sinaloa.

III. BOUGAINVILLEAE. Shrubs, erect or scandent, armed with spines.
Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect, in clusters of 3, each flower adherent to
the costa of a foliaceous, often brightly colored bract; perianth small, greenish,
the free portion persistent. Anthocarp dry, eglandular, adnate to the bracts.

Embryo curved.

194 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

7. BOUGAINVILLEA Commers.; Juss. Gen. 91. 1789.
Josepha Vell. Fl. Flum. 154. 1825.

Shrubs or small trees, often scandent, glabrous or pubescent, much branched, often armed
with spines. Leaves alternate, petiolate, the blades broad, entire. Flowers perfect, ex-
involucrate, either solitary among 3 bracts or, more commonly, in a 3-flowered axillary in-
florescence consisting of 3 large persistent colored bracts, a flower being borne on the inner
side of each bract, its pedicel confluent with the costa of the bract; perianth tubular, the
limb 5- (rarely 4-) lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate, the tube subterete or 5-angled. Sta-
mens 5-10; filaments somewhat unequal, capillary, connate at the base into a short cup;
anthers didymous. Ovary stipitate, fusiform, slightly compressed laterally; style short, fili-
form or subclavate, straight or slightly curved, included, papillose for part or all its length,
the larger papillae fimbriate and stigmatose. Anthocarp fusiform, coriaceous, 5-costate.
Seed with a thin testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons incumbent,
enclosing the farinaceous endosperm, the radicle descending.

Type species, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.

Perianth densely viscid-villous, the lower part nerved but not prominently angled;

style stigmatose to the middle; plants usually copiously villous. 1. B. spectabilis,
Perianth puberulent or glabrate, prominently angled below; style stigmatose
throughout; plants sparsely villous or glabrate. 2. B. glabra.

1. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 348. 1789.

Bougainvillea bracteata Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 418. 1805.

Tricycla spectabilis Poir. Encyce. Suppl. 5: 358. 1817.
Josepha augusta Vell. Fl. Flum. 154, 1825.

Bougainvillea virescens Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 437. 1849.

High-climbing woody vine, much branched, armed with numerous spines, the branches
flexuous, grayish or reddish-brown, usually copiously fulvous-villous, sometimes glabrate,
the spines stout, straight or curved, 4 cm. long or shorter; petioles one third as long as the
blades or shorter; leaf blades broadly ovate to suborbictilar or rounded-oval, 5-10 cm. long,
2.5-6.5 cm. wide, rounded to acutish at the base and often short-decurrent, abruptly acute or
acuminate at the apex, ustially densely villous beneath and sparsely short-villous on the upper
surface, often glabrate in age; inflorescence 3-flowered, on a slender peduncle 6-17 mm. long;
bracts purplish-red or rarely orange, ovate-oval or broadly ovate, 2—4.5 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm.
wide, subcordate at the base, abruptly acute or acuminate or sometimes obtuse at the apex,
sparsely puberulent or short-villous; perianth 1.5-3 cm. long, the tube green, densely short-
villous, the lower part not prominently angled, the limb 6-7 mm. wide, the lobes ovate-tri-
angular, subobtuse, yellowish; stamens 7-10; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 11-14 mm. long, 5 mm. in
diameter, grayish-green, densely short-villous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil.

DistRrsution: Brazil; widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical America, and escaped
from cultivation in Bermuda and probably elsewhere in the West Indies arid in Central America.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Mart. Fl. Bras. 142: pl. 82; Vell. Fl. Flum. 4: $1. 16; Lam. Tab. Encyc. $1, 294;
Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 216; Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 12: “pl. 51; BE. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3%: f. 6.

2. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 137: 437. 1849.
Bougainvillea spectabilis glabra Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 4810. 1854.

High-climbing woody vine, much branched, armed with numerous spines, the branches
yellowish or reddish-brown, puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the spines 6-12 mm.
long, straight or curved; petioles less than one third as long as the blades, slender; leaf-blades
broadly ovate to elliptic-oval or ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 2~5.5 cm. wide, rounded to
acute at the base, abruptly or gradually acute to long-acuminate at the apex, puberulent when
young but soon glabrate; inflorescence 3-flowered, on a peduncle 1-2.5 cm. long; bracts purplish-
red, rarely whitish, broadly ovate or oval, subcordate at the base, obtuse to abruptly actite or
acuminate at the base, sparsely puberulent or glabrous; perianth {.5-2.5 cm. long, the tube

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 195

green, densely puberulent or glabrate, the lower part with prominent obtuse angles; stamens 8;
fruit turbinate, 7-13 mm. long, 4-5 mm. in diameter, the 5 angles acute.

TYPE LOCALITY: State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
. Distrieution: Brazil; widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical North America and natural-
ized in Bermuda and apparently in Cuba, Salvador, and Guatemala.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Rev. Hort. 1889: pl. 276; Garden 1894: pl. 962; Bot. Mag. #l. 4810;
Gartenflora 1899: pl. 1463; Cycl. Am. Hort. f. 249. : 7 nanan

Iv. COLIGNONIEAE. Herbs. Leaves opposite, the uppermost often
colored. Flowers perfect, mostly umbellate; perianth small and incon-
spicuous, the lobes simply valvate, persistent. Anthocarp dry, eglandular.
Embryo curved.

8. COLIGNONIA Endl. Gen. Pl. 311. 1837.

Scandent herbs or shrubs, from tuberous roots, much branched, glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades broad, entire, sometimes bright-colored. Flowers
perfect, exinvolucrate, ebracteate, umbellulate or glomerate; perianth corolla-like or calyx-
like, campanulate or funnelform, sometimes almost rotate in age, 3-5-parted, the lobes
valvate, the tube 3-5-angled, in age coriaceous and the lobes connivent and sometimes alate.
Stamens 5 or rarely 6, opposite the perianth lobes, slightly unequal, usually exserted; filaments
filiform-subulate, connate at the base into a short cup; anthers didymous. Ovary subglobose
to obovoid, sometimes slightly compressed; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate or penicil-
late. Anthocarp ellipsoid to fusiform, 5-costate or broadly winged. Seed with the testa
slightly adherent to the pericarp; embryo semicircular to hippocrepiform, enclosing the copious
farinaceous endosperm; cotyledons oblong-elliptic, incumbent; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Abronia parviflora H. B. K.

1. Colignonia parviflora (H. B. K.) Endl. Gen. Pl. 311. 1837.
Abronia parviflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 216. 1817.
Tricratus parviflorus Spreng. Syst. 1: 536. 1825.

Plants herbaceous, glabrous, the branches 2 meters long or less, slender or stout, brownish
or yellowish, striate; leaves numerous, often pseudo-verticillate, the petioles equaling or
half longer than the blades; leaf-blades, broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, 3-4.5 cm. long,
2.8-4.5 em. wide, broadly rounded at both ends, entire, paler beneath; flowers umbellulate,
the umbellules opposite in the axils or subumbellately arranged at the ends of the branches,
densely many-flowered; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; perianth 3 mm. long, white, subangulate, the
lobes elliptic to obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex; stamens 5; ovary subglobose, the style
equaling the ovary, the stigma densely branched.

Typr LOCALITY: Near Querchu in the Andes of Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Panama and Colombia.
ILLUSTRATION: H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. #1. 128.

V. MIRABILEAE. Herbs, or the plants rarely suffruticose, unarmed.
Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect, subtended by distinct or united bracts;
perianth often bright-colored and corolla-like, the free portion withering and
deciduous, the lobes induplicate-valvate. Stigma spheric or hemispheric.
Anthocarp dry, coriaceous, often glanduliferous. Embryo curved, both the
cotyledons developed.

9. HERMIDIUM S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 286. 1871.

Perennial herbs, nearly glabrous, with dichotomous stems. Leaves opposite, short-
petiolate, the blades broad, entire. Flowers perfect, exinvolucrate, bracteate, glomerate
in head-like racemes in the axils and at the ends of the branches, each flower sessile upon a
broad foliaceous bract; perianth campanulate, the limb obscurely 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate,

196 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

purplish-red, corolla-like, constricted above the ovary. Stamens 5-7; filaments unequal,
capillary, united at the base into a short cup; anthers didymous. Ovary globose; style capil-
lary, straight; stigma capitate. Anthocarp ellipsoid, smooth, glabrous, usually with 10 light-
colored vertical lines. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, in-
closing the copious endosperm, the cotyledons orbicular, concave, the radicle descending,
incurved.

Type species, Hermidium alipes S. Wats.

1. Hermidium alipes S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 286. 1871.

Plants 2-4 dm. high, the stems arcuate-ascending, sparsely branched, the branches very
stout, glaucous, glabrous, or obscurely puberulent above; petioles stout, 2-12 mm. long; leaf-
blades orbicular-ovate, suborbicular, or broadly oval-ovate, 4-7 cm. long, 2-5.5 em. wide,
often as broad as long, rounded to obtuse at the base or rarely subcordate, often short-decurrent,
obtuse to broadly rounded and apiculate at the apex, or the uppermost actte, green, thick and
succulent, with rather prominent lateral nerves, glabrous; flowers in heads of usually 6, these
on peduncles 3-10 mm. long, the peduncles at first minutely puberulent but soon glabrate;
bracts oblong to broadly ovate, 1.5—2.5 cm. long, subcordate or rounded at the base, rounded
or obtuse at the apex and often apiculate, rarely slightly united at the base, thin, glabrous,
often tinged with red; perianth 2 cm. long, the limb about 1.7 cm. broad, glabrous; stamens
equaling or slightly shorter than the perianth; fruit 7 mm. long, 3.5~4 mm. diameter, slightly
narrowed at both ends, dark-olive.

TYPE LOCALITY: On low foothills from the Big Bend of the Truckee River to Oreana on the
Humboldt, Nevada.

DistTRIBUTION: Western Nevada and adjacent California.
ILLUSTRATION: S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. pl. 32.

10. OKENTIA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 92. 1830.

Prostrate annual herbs, much branched, pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those
of a pair very unequal, the blades broad, entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, solitary, axillary,
subtended by 3 minute bracts, the pedicels at first short, but elongating during and after
anthesis and penetrating into the soil; perianth funnelform, with a short slender tube, this
constricted above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes emarginate, induplicate-plicate.
Stamens 10-18; filaments capillary, unequal, connate at the base into a short cup; anthers
didymous. Ovary oblong; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, smooth. Anthocarp oval,
rugose, spongious; ttricle oval, the pericarp thin. Seed oval; embryo conduplicate, the
cotyledons broad, enclosing the copious farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, ascending.

Type species, Okenia hypogaea Schlecht. & Cham.

1. Okenia hypogaea Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 92. 1830.

Okenia grandiflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 397. 1911.
Okenia Rosei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 398. 1911.

Stems 1-20 dm. long, much branched, the branches slender, divaricate, densely viscid-
villous; leaves of a pair very unequal, the smaller often shorter than the petiole of the larger
one, the petioles 0.5-6 cm. long, often longer than the blades, the blades orbicular-rhombic
to oval, oblong, or deltoid-ovate, 1.8-5.5 cm. long, 1-4.5 cm. wide, subcordate to broadly
cuneate at the base, unequal, broadly rounded to acutish at the apex, entire or usually sinuate,
yellowish-green, densely covered on both surfaces with minute sessile brown glands, viscid-
villous; bracts linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate, 2-3 mm. long; pedicels in age often 20-30) cm.
long, slender, villous; perianth purplish-red, 3-6 cm. long, densely viscid-villous outside, the
limb 1-3.5 cm. broad; fruit 9-13 mm. long, 6-9 mm. in diameter, strongly rugose, brown,
glabrous; seed 7 mm. long, dark-brown.

Tyre LocaLiIry: Sandhills near Veracruz, Veracruz. :

DistRiBuTtion: Sandy coasts, Florida keys; Veracruz to Campeche; Sinaloa to Oaxaca; inland
in Jalisco. :

ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pl. 75, 76, A; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1911:

?

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 197

11. AMMOCODON Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 631. 1916.

Erect or decumbent perennial herbs with thick woody roots, dichotomously much
branched, pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of a pair more or less unequal, the
blades thick and fleshy, entire or sinuate. Flowers often cleistogamous, umbellulate, the
umbellules in open cymes, each flower subtended by a minute subulate bract, or a second
smaller bract rarely present; perianth campanulate, purplish red, constricted above the ovary,
shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-plicate. Stamens 2 or rarely 3; filaments filiform.
short-connate at the base, free from the perianth; anthers didymous, exserted. Ovary nar-
rowly oblong; style filiform, exserted; stigma peltate, smooth. Anthocarp compressed, broadly
5-winged, the wings hyaline, not nerved. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp;
embryo conduplicate, the cotyledons enclosing the farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate,
descending.

Type species, Selinocarpus chenopodioides A. Gray.

1. Ammocodon chenopodioides (A. Gray) Standley, Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 6: 631. 1916.
Selinocarpus chenopodioides A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 262. 1853.

Plants 1.5-3 dm. high, much branched, the branches rather stout, when young densely
covered with short appressed inflated white hairs, glabrate in age; petioles 0.5 to 4.5 cm. long;
leaf-blades ovate-oval, oval, ovate-oblong, or rarely deltoid, suborbicular, or rhombic-orbicular,
1.5-5 em. long, 0.6-4 cm. wide, rounded to subcordate at the base, broadly rounded to acute
at the apex, often abruptly apiculate, flat or crispate, paler beneath, pubescent like the stems
when young, becoming glabrate, the veins usually conspicuous beneath, broad and white;
inflorescence much branched, bearing a few reduced leaves, the umbellules few- or many-
flowered, the flowers on slender pedicels 1-4 mm. long; perianth 4-5 mm. long and fully as
broad or broader, very shallowly lobed, sparsely puberulent outside; fruit 5 mm. long, the
wings about 2 mm. broad, glabrate, the body sulcate between the wings, sparsely puberulent;
seed oblong-cylindric, 2.5 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type Locality: Valleys from Providence Creek to the Rio Grande, Texas.
Distrisution: In dry, chiefly sandy soil, western Texas, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua.

12. SELINOCARPUS A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 262. 1853.

Erect or decumbent perennial herbs or low shrubs, dichotomously much branched, pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, those of a pair more or less unequal, petiolate, the blades thick and
succulent, entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, pseudo-axillary, sessile or short-pedicellate,
often cleistogamous, each subtended by 2 or 3 very narrow bracts; perianth tubular-funnel-
form, the tube elongate or rarely short, not constricted above the ovary, rather abruptly
expanded into a broad, shallowly 5-lobed limb, the lobes plicate. Stamens 5 or 6; filaments
filiform, short-connate at the base, adherent to the perianth-tube; anthers didymous, usually
exserted. Ovary oblong; style filiform, exserted; stigma peltate, smooth. Anthocarp com-
pressed, broadly 3-5-winged, the wings hyaline, not nerved. Seed with the testa adherent to
the pericarp; embryo conduplicate, the cotyledons enclosing the farinaceous endosperm;
radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Selinocarpus diffusus A. Gray.

Perianth 1 cm. long; leaf-blades linear or linear-oblong, sessile or short-petiolate.. 1. S. angustifolius.

Perianth 2.5-4.5 cm. long. :
Leaves long-petiolate, at least the lower ones, the blades ovate to orbicular.

Upper leaves not reduced; fruit 6-7 mm. long. 2. S. diffusus,
Upper leaves much reduced, bract-like; fruit 9-10 mm. long. 3. S. parvifolius.
Leaves sessile or on very short petioles, the blades linear to narrowly ovate-
oblong.

Plants without glandular pubescence; leaf-blades 4-12 mm. wide, oblong-

lanceolate to ovate-oblong. :
Plants glandular-puberulent or glandular-hirtellous; leaf-blades less

than 3 mm. wide, linear or spatulate-oblong.
Leaf-blades linear, 1-4 cm. long, obscurely glandular-puberulent or

labrous.
eat blades narrowly spatulate-oblong, 4-11 mm. long, densely

glandular-hirtellous.

4. S. lanceolatus.

5. S. Palmeri.

6. S. Purpusianus,

198 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

1. Selinocarpus angustifolius Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 170.
1859.

Plants erect, 1-4 dm. high, fruticose below, much branched from the base and rather
sparsely branched above, the branches slender, whitish, glandular-puberulent and bearing
numerous short white appressed flat’ hairs, glabrate in age, the internodes longer than the
leaves; petioles 2 mm. long, or shorter, the blades often sessile, oblong-linear or Jance-linear,
8-18 mm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, acute to rounded and apiculate at the apex, thick and
fleshy, puberulent, and when young covered with numerous short white appressed hairs:
flowers few, often cleistogamous, on pedicels 2 mm. long or shorter, the bractlets minute,
subulate; perianth 8-10 mm. long, glandular-puberulent outside, the tube 3 mm. long, the
limb 7-8 mm. broad; stamens 5; fruit 5.5-7.5 mm. long, the 5 wings 2-2.5 mm. wide, the
body costate, puberulent, truncate at both ends.

TYPE LOCALITY: Gravelly tableland near Presidio del Norte, Texas.
DIsTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 1. 47, A.

2. Selinocarpus diffusus A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 262. 1853.
Selinocarpus diffusus nevadensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 388. 1909.

Plants erect or decumbent, from a stout woody root, 1-3 dm. high, much branched from
the base and also above, the branches rather slender, covered with short appressed inflated
white hairs and very sparsely glandular-puberulent or hirtellous, very leafy; petioles slender
or stout, 0.3-2.5 cm. long, often exceeding the blades; leaf-blades oval, oval-ovate, ovate-
oblong, or rarely rhombic-orbicular, 1.2-2.5 em. long, 0.6-1.5 em. wide, rounded to obtuse at
the base, slightly unequal and short-decurrent, broadly rounded to acute at the apex, thick
and fleshy, flat or crispate, when young densely covered with short appressed inflated white
hairs, glandular-puberulent and scabrous, sometimes glabrate in age; flowers often all cleisto-
gamous, short-pedicellate, the bracts linear-subulate, 3-6 mm. long; perianth 3.5—4.5 cm. long,
densely glandular-hirtellous outside, the tube very slender, the limb 1.5 cm. broad, pale green-
ish-yellow; stamens 5, slightly exserted; fruit 6-7 mm. long, the 5 wings 2-3 mm. long, glabrate,
the body subtruncate at both ends, puberulent; seed narrowly elliptic, 4.5 mm. long, light-
brown.

Tyre Locality: Rocky hills and valleys from the Pecos to the Limpio, Texas.
DistRiBuTION: In dry soil, western Texas to southern Utah and Nevada.
ILLUSTRATION: E. & P. Nat. PAél. 31: f. 5

3. Selinocarpus parvifolius (Torr.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 388. 1909.
Selinocarpus diffusus parivfolius Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 168. 1859.

Plants erect, 2-4 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the branches stout,
glandular-puberulent and bearing numerous short stout flat white appressed hairs, glabrate
in age, glaucous; petioles stout, 3-6 mm. long; leaf-blades oval to ovate-oval, 1-2.2 cm. long,
0.5—1 cm. wide, obttuise or acute at the base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, thick and fleshy,
crispate, puberulent; flowers numerous, terminal, short-pedicellate, subtended by broadly
ovate minute bracts, the inflorescence repeatedly dichotomous, dense, bearing numerous
orbicular or ovate-orbicular, petiolate, bractlike leaves 2-3 mm. long; perianth 3-4 cm. long,
densely glandular-puberulent, the tube very slender, the limb about 13 mm. broad; fruit
9-10 mm. long, 5-winged, the wings 3-4 mm. broad, the body striate, finely glandular-puberu-
lent.

TyPE LOCALITY: Canyons of the Rio Grande, Texas.

DistR1BUTION: Southwestern Texas.
4. Selinocarpus lanceolatus Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 304.
1898.

Plants erect or decumbent from a woody base, 1.2-3 dm. high, much branched, densely
leafy, covered throughout with slender short appressed white inflated hairs, or in age glabrate,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 199

the branches stout; petioles stout, 3 mm. long or shorter, most of the blades sessile; leaf-blades
lance-oblong to lanceolate, the lowest rarely ovate-oblong or ovate-oval, 1~2.8 cm. long, 3-11
mm. wide, cuneate or obtuse at the base, gradually narrowed to the acute to attenuate or
rarely obtuse apex, very thick and succulent, flat; flowers numerous, subsessile, the bracts
subulate, 3 mm. long or shorter; perianth 3-4 em. long, the tube slender, 1 mm. in diameter,
the limb about 1 cm. broad, pale greenish-yellow; stamens 5; fruit 6-7 mm. long, the wings
2-3 mm. broad, glabrate, the body finely costate, truncate at both ends ; seed narrowly oblong,
4 mmm. long, pale-brown.

TYPE Locality: On white soil just south of the White Sands, New Mexico.
Distriurion: In dry, strongly alkaline soil, southern New Mexico and western Texas.

5. Selinocarpus Palmeri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 6. 1882.

Low shrub, obscurely glandular-puberulent on the younger parts but soon glabrate,
much branched, the branches stout, ascending; leaves sessile, probably terete, but flat and
linear when dry, 1-4 cm. long, 1-1.3 mm. wide, apiculate; flowers few, axillary and terminal,
subsessile, the bracts linear-subulate, 2-3 mm. long, long-attenuate; perianth 3.5 cm. long,
obscurely glandular-puberulent, the tube very slender, dilated above into a limb 1.5 cm.
broad; stamens exserted about | cm.; fruit 5-winged, or by abortion 2- or 3-winged, the wings
4-5 mm. broad.

TYPE LocaLity: San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Hemisl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. pl. 70.

6. Selinocarpus Purpusianus Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeits. 63: 353.
1913.

Low shrub, 1-2 dm. high, densely branched, the branches divaricate or widely ascending,
stout, grayish, densely puberulent and glandular-hirtellous, or glabrate below, the internodes
5-20 mm. long; leaves sessile, the blades narrowly oblong or spatulate-oblong, 4-11 mm. long,
1.5-2 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex, thick and succulent, densely glandular-hirtel-
lous; flowers few, subsessile, the 2 bracts linear-subulate, 3.5 mm. long; perianth 2.5-3 em.
long, densely glandular-hirtellous outside, the tube very slender; stamens 6; fruit (immature)
6 mm. long, densely puberulent and hirtellous.

Tyre Locality: Sierra del Rey, Coahuila. .
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

13. WEDELIELLA Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.
Wedelia Loefl. (Iter Hisp. 180, hyponym. 1758) Reise 240. 1766. Not Wedelia Jacq. 1760.

Prostrate annual or perennial herbs, with dichotomous branches, pubescent. Leaves
opposite, those of a pair very unequal, petiolate, the blades broad, entire or sinuate. Flowers
perfect, in axillary pedunculate clusters of 3, each subtended by a broad green bract, the bracts
subequal, slightly united at the base, cticullate, enclosing the fruit; perianth corolla-like,
purplish-red or white, short-funnelform, the tube constricted above the ovary, the limb oblique,
4- or 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 4-7, hypogynous; filaments unequal, capillary,
exserted; anthers didymous. Ovary ovoid; style capillary; stigma capitate, papillose. Antho-
carp coriaceous, obovoid or oval, strongly compressed, 3-costate or cristate on the inner surface,
the outer surface bearing 2 parallel longitudinal rows of stipitate glands, the thin margins
dentate or entire, inflexed. Seed with the thin testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate,
the broad cotyledons enclosing the farinaceous endosperm; radicle slender, elongate, descending,

Type species, Allionia incarnaia L.

Fruit with a broad entire crest on the inner side. 1. W. cristata.

Fruit not cristate on the inner side. ; .
Involucres very viscid; margins of the fruit usually with few broad teeth,

rarely entire; plants perennial. onan
eee not viscid; margins of the fruit with numerous slender teeth; plants

annual.

2. W. incarnate.

3. W. glabra.

200 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Volume 21

1. Wedeliella cristata (Standley) Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.
Wedelia cristata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 331. 1909.

Probably a perennial; stems 2-5 dm. long, much branched, slender, viscid-puberulent
below, viscid-villous above, the internodes longer than the leaves; leaves of a pair unequal,
the smaller half the size of the larger, the petioles 3-10 mm. long, the blades oval-ovate to
elliptic-oblong, 1.2~2.7 em. long, 0.5-1.5 em. wide, obtuse to rounded at the base and usually
unequal, obttse or acute at the apex, thick and firm, yellowish-green above, glaucous beneath,
flat, scabrous and puberulent on the upper surface, glandular-puberulent beneath; involucres
numerous, 5 mm. long, on slender peduncles 1.5 cm. long or shorter, glandular-puberulent
and short-villous, the lobes broadly rounded; perianth 6 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, pale-
brown, bearing on the inner surface a broad, entire or obscurely dentate crest, this broadest
at the apex, gradually narrowed below, the lateral margins with a few coarse, broad, strongly
inflexed teeth, the outer surface bearing 2 parallel rows of very low glands.

TYPE LocaLity: Holbrook, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

2. Wedeliella incarnata (L,.) Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Allionia incarnata L. Syst. ed. 10. 890. 1759.

Allionia malacoides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844.

Wedelia incarnata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Wedelia incarnata anodontia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 333. 1909.
Wedelia incarnata villosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 333. 1909.
Wedelia incarnata nudata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 334. 1909.
Wedeliella incarnata anodonta Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Wedeliella incarnata villosa Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Wedeliella incarnata nudata Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Allionia incarnata multiserrata Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 212. 1912.

Perennial from a slender or often very thick, vertical, woody root; stems numerous,
2-10 dm. long, slender or stout, much branched, densely viscid-villous or glandular-puberulent,
rarely glabrate, often tinged with red, the internodes short or usually elongate; leaves of a
pair very unequal, the petioles 0.3-2.2 cm. long, the blades broadly deltoid-orbicular to oval,
oval-ovate, oblong, or ovate, 1-6 cm. long, 0.6—-4.5 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the
base and unequal, rounded to acute at the apex, entire or sinuate, often crispate, thick
and somewhat fleshy, yellowish-green above, glaticous or at least paler beneath, glandular-
puberulent or viscid-villous, at least when young, frequently scabrous on the upper surface,
often glabrate in age; involucres numerous, on slender peduncles 5 cm. long or short, the
lobes obovate-orbicular, 5-8 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, densely viscid-villous;
perianth 7-15 mm. long, purplish-red or rarely white, viscid-villous or puberulent outside;
fruit 3-4.5 mm. long, pale-brown or olive, the inner side 3-costate, shallowly transverse-rugose,
the sides usually with 3-5 low broad teeth, or the teeth rarely more numerous and slender,
the margins rarely entire, strongly incurved, the outer surface bearing 2 parallel rows of short-
stipitate or long-stipitate glands.

TyPE Locality: Near Cumana, Venezuela.

DistRIBUTION: In dry, sandy soil, southeastern California to southern Utah and Colorado,
and western Texas, southward to Lower California and Puebla; Hispaniola; Venezuela to Argentina
and Chile.

ILLUSTRATIONS: L’Hér. Stirp. Nov. #1. 31; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 214; Lam. Encyc. pl. 58; Dict.
Sci. Nat. pl. 96.

3. Wedeliella glabra (Choisy) Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Allionia incarnata glabra Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 435. 1849.
Wedelia glabra Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 332. 1909.

Annual; stems 2-8 dm. long, slender, often tinged with red, puberulent, or villous above,
very slightly or not at all viscid, often glabrate below; leaves of a pair unequal, the smaller
about half the size of the larger, the petioles 3-18 mm. long, the blades ovate-oval, oval, or
oblong, rarely ovate-deltoid, 1-4 cm. long, 6.6-2.2 cm. wide, subcordate to broadly cuneate
at the base and usually unequal, broadly rounded or obtuse at the apex, often crispate and
sinttate, yellowish-green above, glaucous beneath, puberulent or glandular-puberulent when

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 201

young but soon glabrate, the veins coarse and very prominent beneath; involucres numerous,
5-7 mm. long, on slender peduncles 3.5 cm. long or shorter, the lobes rounded-obovate, apicu-
late, puberulent and usually short-villous, finely reticulate-veined; perianth 7-8 mm. long,
white or pink, short-villous outside; fruit pale-brown or olive, 3.5 mm. Iong, 3-costate on the
inner surface, coarsely and shallowly rugose, the margins incurved or spreading, each with 5-8
long slender teeth, the outer surface bearing 2 rows of long-stipitate glands; seed narrowly
obovate, 2 mm. long, pale-brown.
TyP# LOCALITY: Near the City of Mexico, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: In dry sandy soil, Arizona to western Texas, Durango, Zacatecas, and Oaxaca;
probably also in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado.

14. NYCTAGINIA Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 429. 1849.

Perennial herbs with tuberous roots, much branched, viscid-pubescent. Leaves opposite,
petiolate, the blades broad, entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, in long-pedunculate, axillary
and terminal, many-flowered heads, each head surrounded by an involucre of numerous narrow
unequal bracts; perianth deep-red, funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, constricted above
the ovary, abruptly expanded into a 5-lobed induplicate-plicate limb (or the limb rarely,
perhaps abnormally, 6-lobed), the lobes entire or emarginate. Stamens 5-8; filaments capil-
lary, unequal, dilated and connate at the base, adnate to the perianth-tube; anthers didymous,
exserted. Ovary oblong; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, papillose. Anthocarp
coriaceous, turbinate, constricted above the base, umbonate at the apex, finely costate. Seed
with a membranaceous testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the broad cotyledons
enclosing the copious farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Nyciaginia capitaia Choisy.

1. Nyctaginia capitata Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 137: 429. 1849.

Boerhaavia aggregata Pavon; Choisy, in DC. Prod. 13%: 429, as synonym. 1849.
Nyctaginia ovata Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 12: 167. 1849.

Boerhaavia capitata Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 28. 1897.

Nyctaginia Cockerellae A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 29. 1903.

Plants erect or decumbent from a tuberous turbinate root sometimes 4.5 cm. in diameter
and 10 cm. long, much branched from the base, the branches stout, 1-4 dm. long, viscid-
villous or in age glabrate; petioles 1-6 cm. long, those of the lower leaves often longer than
the blades; leaf-blades broadly oval to ovate-deltoid, deltoid, or narrowly triangular, often
hastately lobed, 4-9 cm. long, 0.6-5.5 cm. wide, subcordate to cuneate at the base and decur-
rent, ustially unequal, rounded to long-attenuate at the apex, thick and slightly fleshy, glaucous
beneath, entire or sinuate, often crispate, copiously viscid-villous when young, often glabrate
in age; peduncles 2-14 cm. long; bracts numerous, 6-15 mm. long, the outer ones ovate or
oblong, very acute, the inner linear, long-attenuate, densely viscid-villous; perianth 3-4 cm.
long, densely viscid-villous outside, the limb 10-14 mm. broad; fruit 5 mm. long and 4 mm. in
diameter, olive, glabrous; seed turbinate, 3 mm. long and nearly as broad, abraptly constricted
at the base, pale-brown.

Type Locality: San Antonio, Texas. .
DISTRIBUTION: In dry soil, western Texas and southeastern New Mexico to Durango and

Nuevo Leén.
ILLUSTRATION: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 12: pl. 1.

15. ACLEISANTHES A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 259. 1853.

Pentacrophys A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci, II. 15: 259. 1853.

Low shrubs or perennial herbs, erect or prostrate, with dichotomous pubescent stemis.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of a pair sometimes very unequal, the blades entire or undu-
late, usually fleshy. Flowers axillary, solitary or in 3-flowered cymes, 1-3-bracteate; perianth
funnelform, corolla-like, the tube much elongate and slender, constricted above the ovary,
the limb shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-plicate. Stamens 2-5; filaments filiform,
unequal, exserted, connate into a short cup at the base. Ovary ovoid or oblong; style filiform,
exserted; stigma capitate, smooth. Anthocarp oblong-cylindric, truncate, constricted below

202 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21-

the apex, 5-angled or 5-sulcate, the ribs smooth, sometimes bearing a gland at or near the

apex, viscid when moistened. Seed with testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate;

cotyledons broad, enclosing the copious farinaceous endosperm; railicle elongate, descending.
Type species, Acleisanthes crassifolia A. Gray.

Fruit deeply sulcate, the ribs ending above in conspicuous tubercles or glands.
Glands of the fruit on globose tubercles at the summit of the ribs; bracts
less than half as long as the fruit; leaf-blades usually rounded at the apex. 1. A. Wrightii.
Glands in depressions below the tubercles at the summit of the ribs; bracts
equaling or exceeding the fruit; leaf-blades mostly acute or abruptly
_ acute. 2. A. acutifolia.
Fruit not deeply sulcate, 5-angulate, without glands above.
Leaves of a pair very unequal, the smaller one one fourth as long as the
larger or smaller; leaf-blades oval. 3. A. anisophylla.
Leaves of a pair subequal.
Fruit densely covered with short flat white appressed hairs; leaf-blades
ovate or ovate-oblong; perianth 4 cm. long. 4, A. crassifolia.
Fruit glabrous or cinereo-puberulent with slender hairs; leaf-blades
chiefly deltoid in outline.
Perianth 9-17 cm. long; leaf-blades mostly acuminate or long-acumi-
nate at the apex. 5. A. longiflora.
Perianth 3.5-5.5 cm. long; leaf-blades mostly acute to rounded at the

apex.
Leaf-blades rounded or very obtuse at the apex, most of them as

broad as long; perianth 3.5-4.5 cm. long. 6. A. obtusa.
Leaf-blades acute or sometimes acuminate at the apex; perianth
4-5.5 em. long. 7. A. Greggii.

1. Acleisanthes Wrightii (A. Gray) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol.
Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 6. 1882.

Pentacrophys Wrightit A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci, II. 15: 261. 1853.

Plants erect or ascending, from a fruticose caudex, 1-3 dm. high, much branched from
the base, the branches glandular-hirtellous; leaves of a pair subequal, the petioles 3~15 mm.
long, the blades suborbicular to oval, 0.8-2.5 cm. long, 0.6-1.6 cm. wide, rounded at both ends
or rarely only obtuse and apiculate at the apex, slightly unequal at the base, thick and firm,
often crispate, paler beneath, glandular-hirtellous or puberulent; flowers axillary, solitary,
sessile, usually cleistogamous, the bracts linear-subulate, hirtellous, one third as long as the
fruit or shorter; perianth of the cleistogamous flowers 5 mm. long, densely glandular-hirtellous,
with 2 stamens; fruit oblong, 6 mm. long, truncate at both ends, deeply 5-sulcate, glandular-
puberulent, the coste broad, smooth, each ending above in a globose glanduliferous tubercle.

Type Locality: Stony prairies at the Big Bend of the San Pedro River, western Texas.

DIstRIBUTION: Western Texas.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. pl. 47, B, I.

2. Acleisanthes acutifolia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 370.
1909.
Penaeus Wrightti Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 170, in part. 1859. Not P. Wrightii A. Gray,
1853.

Plants ascending or procuumbent, from a thick woody base, much branched from the base,
the branches stout, 1-4 dm. long, puberulent and sparsely glandular-hirtellous, glaucous;
leaves of a pair subequal, the petioles 3-8 mm. long, or wanting in the uppermost leaves, the
blades oblong-elliptic to oval, 1.2-5 cm. long, 0.4-2 cm. wide, obtuse to acute at the base,
obtuse or acttte at the apex, usually crispate, thick and fleshy, glaucescent beneath; flowers
axillary, sessile or short-pedicellate, usually solitary, the bracts linear-subulate, equaling or
often slightly exceeding the fruit, the perianth 4-4.5 cm. long, glandular-puberulent or hirtel-
lous outside, the tube slender, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the limb 2-2.5 cm. broad; stamens 5,
short-exserted; fruit oval-oblong, 6 mm. long, rounded at the base, constricted and truncate
at the apex, glandular-puberulent or glabrate, 5-suleate, the costee broad, flat, smooth, each
bearing a gland in a depression below the apex.

TYPE LOCALITY: Maxon’s Spring, Texas. ;
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas, Chihuahua, and Coahuila. ae
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. $l. 47, f. B, B2, B3 (as Pentacrophys Wrightii).

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 203

3. Acleisanthes anisophylla A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 261.
1853.

Plants prostrate, from a stout or slender fruticose root, much branched from the base,
the branches slender, cinereo-puberulent; leaves of a pair very unequal, the smaller scarcely
longer than the petioles of the larger ones, the petioles of the larger leaves 3-10 mm. long, the
blades oval, oblong-oval, or oval-rhombic, obtuse or rounded at the base, unequal and short-
decurrent, rounded to obtuse at the apex and apiculate, thick and succulent, flat, minutely
puberulent when young, becoming glabrate, the blades of the larger leaves 1-5 cm. long and
0.6-2.7 cm. wide; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, the bracts linear-subulate, less than half
as long as the fruit; perianth 4-5 cm. long; fruit 5-angulate, costate, sparsely puberulent or
soon glabrate.

Type Locaity: Prairies of Turkey Creek and Elm Creek, western Texas.
DisrRieution: Known only from the type locality.

4. Acleisanthes crassifolia A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 260.
1853.

Stems procumbent, sparsely branched, 2-5 dm. long, stout, covered with short stout
flat white appressed hairs, o1 in age glabrate, the internodes mostly longer than the leaves;
leaves of a pair subequal, the petioles stout, 3-10 mm. long, the blades ovate, oblong-ovate,
or rarely narrowly deltoid-ovate, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 1.2-2 cm. wide, obtuse to broadly rounded
at the base, obtuse or acutish at the apex and abruptly apiculate, flat, thick and succulent,
when young pubescent like the stems but in age glabrate; bracts linear-lanceolate, long-
attenuate, less than half as long as the fruit; flowers few, sessile, the perianth about 4 cm. long,
slender, densely cinereo-puberulent outside; fruit oval-oblong in outline, 6 mm. long, 4 mm.
in diameter, truncate at both ends, shallowly 5-sulcate, the ribs broad and flat, densely covered
with short flat white appressed hairs.

TYPE LocaLiry: High prairies of San Felipe Creek, western Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas.

5. Acleisanthes longiflora A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 261.
1853.

Plants decumbent or ascending, from a slender or thick woody root, much branched, the
branches slender, 2-5 dm. long, cinereo-puberulent or rarely short-hirtellous, glabrate below;
leaves of a pair subequal, the petioles stout or slender, 3-8 mm. long, the blades broadly
deltoid-ovate or rhombic-ovate to deltoid, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 1.5—4.5 cm. long,
0.3-3.5 cm. wide, truncate to acute at the base and decurrent, acuminate or rarely acute to
long-attenuate at the apex, thick and succulent, glaucous, often crispate, the margins then
undulate or when dry apparently coarsely dentate, sparsely cinereo-puberulent when young
or rarely short-puberulent, soon glabrate; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile or subsessile, the
bracts linear-subulate, half as long as the fruit or shorter, the perianth 9-17 cm. long, white
tinged with purple, sparsely and minutely puberulent outside, the tube very slender, 1.5-2
mm. in diameter, the limb 1.5~2 cm. broad; stamens short-exserted; fruit narrowly oblong,
5-6 mm. long, truncate at both ends, 5-angulate, puberulent or rarely short-hirtellous, often
glabrate.

TypE Locality: Valley of the Limpio, western Texas. . .

DISTRIBUTION: In dry, often alkaline soil, southern and western Texas to Riverside County,
California, southward to Chihuahua and Coahuila.

ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. pl. 46.

6. Acleisanthes obtusa (Choisy) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

12: 371. 1909.
Nyctaginia obtusa Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?:_429. 1849.
Aes Berlandieri A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 260. 1853.
Plants procumbent, much branched, the branches slender, densely cinereo-puberulent,
becoming glanrate, the internodes often exceeding the leaves; leaves of a pair subequal, the

204 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumME 21

petioles slender, 0.5-2 em. long, the blades rounded-deltoid, 1.5-4 em. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. wide,
usually as broad as long or even broader, truncate or subcordate at the base, subtruncate,
broadly rounded, or rarely acute at the apex, rather thin, bright-green, sparsely cinereo-
puberulent when young, becoming glabrate; flowers axillary or in short-pedunculate 3-flowered
cymes, usually short-pedicellate, the bracts linear-subulate, usually equaling the fruit, the
perianth 3.5-4.5 cm. long, white tinged with purple, sparsely cinereo-puberulent outside, the
limb 2 cm. broad; stamens slightly exserted; fruit narrowly oblong, 5-6 mm. long, truncate
at both ends, obtusely 5-angulate, cinereo-puberulent or short-villous.

‘TYPE LOCALITY: Between the Rio Frio and Rio de las Nueces, western Texas.
DIsTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas.

7. Acleisanthes Greggii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 371.
1909.

Plants fruticose below, much branched, the branches slender, cinereo-puberulent, the
internodes equaling or longer than the leaves; leaves of a pair subequal, the petioles slender,
3-10 mm. long, the blades broadly deltoid or ovate-deltoid, 1-2.5 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. broad,
truncate to slightly subcordate at the base or rarely obtuse, short-decurrent, acute to sub-
acuminate at the apex, thick and fleshy, flat, glabrous, or when young sparsely cinereo-puberu-
lent; flowers few, solitary or 3 together, sessile or short-pedicellate, the bracts linear-subulate,
half as long as the fruit or shorter, the perianth 4—5.5 cm. long, white tinged with purple, the
tube very slender, sparsely cinereo-puberulent, the limb 1.5 cm. broad; filaments red, exserted;
fruit narrowly oblong in outline, 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. in diameter, obtusely 5-angulate, truncate
at both ends, finely cinereo-puberulent.

Tyre Locality: Monterey, Nuevo Leén.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas to Nuevo Le6n and Tamaulipas.

16. BOERHAAVIA I,. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.
Dantia (Lippi) Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 449, as synonym. 1849.

Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes fruticose at the base, branched, variously pubes-
cent, the stems often with viscous areas in the internodes. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those
of a pair sometimes unequal, the blades entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, small, umbellate,
cymose, capitate, racemose, or solitary, bracteate, the bracts usually minute; perianth corolla-
like, campanulate or nearly rotate, constricted above the ovary, the limb shallowly 5-lobed.
Stamens 1-5, exserted or included; filaments capillary, unequal, connate at the base; anthers
didymous. Ovary stipitate; style filiform; stigma peltate. Anthocarp obovoid or obpyra-
midal, 3-5-angulate, rarely 3-5-winged, glabrous or pubescent, symmetric. Seed with the
thin testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the scanty
endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Boerhaavia repens L,.

Fruit pubescent; perennials.

Flowers capitate or glomerate, sessile or short-pedicellate
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous; stems usually glabrous except

about the nodes, there puberulent; flowers in clusters of 2-4. 1. B. coccinea.
Branches of the inflorescence puberulent or glandular-puberulent;
stems copiously pubescent; flowers usually in many-flowered heads. 2. B. caribaea.
Flowers solitary on long slender pedicels.
Pubescence of the fruit glandular; stems hirsute below. 3. B. Hitchcockii.
Pubescence of the fruit not glandular; stems puberulent or glabrous
below. 4. B. gracillima.

Fruit glabrous.
Plants perennial.
Leaf-blades suborbicular to broadly ovate.
Flowers glomerate at the ends of long slender axillary peduncles;
perianth about 5 mm. broad.
Flowers in ample terminal cymes; perianth 8-13 mm. broad.
Leaf-blades linear to linear-lanceolate.

5. B. ciliata.

6
Stems glabrous, at least below; stamens usually 3. de

8

9

. anisophylia.

Stems copiously hirsute or hirtellous below; stamens 5.
Stems glandular-hirsute below.
Stems usually glandular-puberulent and hirtellous below, never
glandular-hirsute.

B
B
B. tenuifolia.
B. Lindheimeri.
B

. linearifolia.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 205

Plants annual.
Flowers not racemose.
Branches of the inflorescence glandular-villous; bracts large, as
long as the fruit, persistent. 10. B. purpurascens.
Branches of the inflorescence puberulent or glabrous; bracts
ba minute, much shorter than the fruit, often deciduous.
Fruit winged, the broad or narrow wing sharply differentiated
from the body.
Fruit 4-winged, abruptly contracted into a short winged
stipe. — 1l. B. pterocarpa.
Fruit 5-winged, not stipitate.
Perianth about 1 mm. long; fruit nearly twice as long

as broad; flowers short-pedicellate. 12. B. megaptera.
Perianth 3 mm. long; fruit nearly as broad as long;
flowers long-pedicellate. 13. B. alata.

Fruit not winged, the angles sometimes thin but evidently con-
tinuous with the body of the fruit.
Fruit 3- or 4-angled. 14, B. triquetra.
Fruit 5-angled.
Fruit 3-4 mm. long.
Perianth about 3 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 mm. broad,

the angles thin, strongly compressed. 15. B. maculata.
Perianth less than 2 mm. long; fruit 1.5 mm. broad or
less, the angles thick. 16. B. evecia.
Fruit 2.2-2.7 mm. long.
Flowers in few-flowered simple umbels. 17. B. intermedia.
Flowers mostly in dense headlike cymes or in com-
pound umbels. 18. B. lateriflora.
Flowers racemose.
Fruit 4-angulate; bracts persistent, equaling the fruit. 19. B. Wrightii.
Fruit 5-angulate; bracts deciduous, small.
Fruit truncate at the apex. 20. B. Rosei.
Fruit rounded at the apex.
Ribs of the fruit broad, obtuse, almost touching each other,
the sulci very narrowly linear, smooth.
Perianth 3 mm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate, brown-
punctate beneath. 21. B. alamosana.
Perianth 1-1.5 mm. long; leaf-blades mostly oval or
oblong, epunctate. 22. B. Coulteri.

Ribs of the fruit narrow, acute, the sulci broad and open,
transverse-rugulose.
Perianth 2.5-3 mm. long; stamens exserted. 23. B. Xanti.
Perianth 1—1.5 mm. long; stamens included.
Racemes remotely flowered; bracts lanceolate,
shorter than the ovary at anthesis; stems slightly
viscid-puberulent below. 24. B. Torreyana.
Racemes densely flowered; bracts orbicular-ovate,
usually much longer than the ovary; stems very
viscid, especially below. 25. B. spicata,

1. Boerhaavia coccinea Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Boerhaavia no. 4.
1768.

Boerhaavia diffusa Sw. Obs. Bot. 10. 1791. Not B. diffusa L. 1753.
Boerhaavia paniculata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. 1: 105. 1792.
Boerhaavia adscendens Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 19. 1797.
Boerhaavia decumbens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 284. 1804.
Boerhaavia laxa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 36. 1805.
Boerhaavia diffusa paniculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.
Boerhaavia coccinea parcehiysuta Heimerl, Symb. Ant. 7: 212. 1912.
Perennial, from a stout or slender, often fusiform, somewhat fleshy root; stems few or

numerous, ascending or procumbent, 2-10 dm. long, sparsely branched, minutely puberulent

elow or sometimes sparsely villous, especially at the nodes, glabrous above, brownish; petioles
slender, 0.3-3 cm. long, usually sparsely villous; leaf-blades rhombic-orbicular, broadly rhom-
bic-ovate, oval, or oval-oblong, 2-5.5 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, subcordate to broadly rounded
at the base, broadly rounded to obtuse or rarely acute at the apex, entire or usually subsinuate,
bright-green above, pale beneath, epunctate, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, villous-ciliate,
rarely villous beneath along the veins; inflorescence of ample, naked, lax, terminal or axillary
cymes, much branched, the branches slender, ascending or divergent, glabrous, the flowers
subsessile in glomerules of 2-4 on the ends of filiform peduncles 3-10 mm. long, the bracts
minute, lanceolate or ovate, deciduous; perianth reddish-green, 2 mm. broad, minutely glandu-
lar-puberuJent; stamens 2, short-exserted; fruit narrowly obovoid, 3-4 mm, long, rounded at

206 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

the apex, densely glandular-puberulent or glandular-pilose, 5-sulcate, the angles and sulci
smooth.

Type Locality: Jamaica.

Distrisution: Peninsular Florida; adventive on ballast in eastern North Caroling;, Bahamas

and throughout the West Indies; Costa Rica; Preis in the warmer parts of South America and Africa.
ILLUSTRATION: Mart. Fl. Bras. 142: pl. 8

2. Boerhaavia caribaea Jacq. Obs. Bot. 4: 5. 1771.

Boerhaavia polymorpha Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. nee Par. 1: 185. 1792.
Boerhaavia hirsuta Willd. Phytog.1: 1. 1794

Boerhaavia viscosa Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Ci. Nat. 4: 256. 1801.

Boerhaavia squamata Raf. Aut. Bot. 40. 1840.

Boerhaavia glandulosa Anderss. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1853: aot 1854.
Boerhaavia Sonorae Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 110. 1891

Boerhaavia diffusa hirsuta Kuntze, Rev. Gen, 533. 1891.

Boerhaavia diffusa viscosa Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 27. 1897,

Boerhaavia viscosa oligadena Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 189. 1901.
Boerhaavia ramulosa M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 40. 1902.
Boerhaavia viscosa apiculata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 383. 1909.
Boerhaavia ixodes Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 423. 1911.

Perennial, from a thick woody root; stems usually numerous, 3-15 dm. long, decumbent
to prostrate, sparsely branched below, the branches stout, green or brownish, below viscid-
puberulent and often also sparsely or densely hirsute, above densely glandular-puberulent
or often merely puberulent and slightly viscid; petioles slender or stout, 0.3-4 cm. long; leaf--
blades suborbicular, ovate-orbicular, broadly oval, oval-oblong, oblong, or rarely ovate-
oblong, 1.5—5.5 cm. long, 0.8-5 cm. wide, truncate to rounded at the base, broadly rounded
to obtuse or sometimes acute or attenuate at the apex, often apiculate, entire or conspicuously
sinuate, rather thin or rarely coriaceous, bright-green above, pale beneath, sometimes brown-
punctate, glabrous, puberulent, sparsely villous beneath, or often densely hirsute or hirtellous
throughout and viscid; inflorescence of ample naked, terminal or axillary cymes, or sometimes
of axillary long-pedunculate heads, the cymes much branched, the branches slender, puberulent
or densely glandular-puberulent, the flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate, in few- or many-
flowered heads borne on slender peduncles 0.3-3.5 cm. long; bracts minute, lanceolate, viscid-
puberulent, persistent or deciduous; perianth purplish-red, 2 mm. broad, puberulent or glandu-
lar-puberulent outside; stamens 1-3, short-exserted; fruit narrowly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long,
densely glandular-puberulent, 5-sulcate, the angles and sulci smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies.

DistRmvuTtion: Peninsular Florida; southern and western Texas to southern California, south-
ward throughout Mexico and Central America; throughout the West Indies; also widely distributed
in northern and western South America,

ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Fragm. Bot. $l. 47, f. 2; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1: pl. 3, f. 7; Jacq. Obs.
Bot. pl. 84.

3. Boerhaavia Hitchcockii Standley, sp. nov.

? Boerhaavia anisophylla micrantha Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 187. 1901.
Boerhaavia gracillima Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 420, in part. 1911. Not B. gracillima
Heimer], 1889.

Perennial; stems prostrate or procumbent, up to 2 meters long, much branched, the
branches stout, glandular-hirsute below and minutely puberulent, minutely puberulent above;
petioles stout, 0.5-2 em. long; leaf-blades ovate-orbicular, broadly oval, or broadly deltoid-
ovate, rarely ovate-oblong, 1.5-3.2 cm. long, 0.8-2.5 em. wide, subcordate or rounded at the
base, rounded and apiculate to obtuse or rarely acute at the apex, subsinuate, thick and
firm, green above, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, hirtellous or sparsely glandular-pilose,
glabrate in age; inflorescence a much branched, broad, naked, terminal cyme, the branches
slender or filiform, ascending or divergent, glabrous, the numerous flowers solitary on filiform
pedicels 5-10 mm. long, the bracts minute, lanceolate, deciduous or subpersistent, purplish;
perianth purplish-red, 5-6 mm. broad, viscid-puberulent; stamens 3; fruit narrowly obovoid,
rounded at the apex, 3 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent, 5-angulate, the angles rounded,
smooth, the sulci smooth.

Type collected at Tehuacdn, Puebla, Mexico, August 9, 1910, A. S. Hitchcock (U.S. Nat. Herb.

no. 618514). . :
DIsTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 207

4. Boerhaavia gracillima Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 86. 1889.

Boerhaavia erecta Benth. Pl. Hartw.9. 1839. Not B. erecta l. 1753.

Boerhaavia paniculata Benth. Pl, Hartw. 343. 1848. Not B. paniculata Rich. 1792.
Boerhaavia anisophylla paniculata Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 356. 1894,
Boerhaavia organensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 385. 1909.

Boerhaavia gracillima glabrata Heimerl; Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 386. 1909.

Perennial, from a thick woody root; stems humerous, decumbent or procumbent, 3-10
dm. long, much branched, the branches slender, minutely and obscurely puberulent, or very
rarely pilose, glaucous or pale-brown; petioles stout, 0.3-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly
rhombic, suborbicular, broadly oval, elliptic-oblong, or broadly ovate! 2-4 em. long, 1-3.5
em. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base, broadly rounded to acute or rarely abruptly
acuminate at the apex, thick and firm, often coriaceous, bright-green or often glaucous, espe-
cially beneath, epunctate, entire or slightly sinuate, prominently veined, glabrous, or when
young obscurely puberulent; inflorescence of numerous axillary and terminal cymes or of
axillary 1- or 2-flowered peduncles, the cymes much branched, the branches very slender or
filiform, divergent, glabrous, the flowers usually on filiform pedicels 5-10 mm. long, the bracts
minute, lanceolate, glabrous, deciduous; perianth deep purplish-red, 5 mm. broad, puberulent
outside or very rarely glabrate; stamens 2 or 3; fruit narrowly oblong-obovoid, 3.5-4 mm.
long, rounded at the apex, short-pilose or pubertlent or very rarely glabrate, 5-angulate, the
angles narrowly rounded, smooth, the sulci smooth.

Type Locality: In fields, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes.

Distrisution: Dry plains and rocky hillsides, western Texas and southern New Mexico to

Lower California and Oaxaca. ‘
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Jahrb. 11: pl. 2, f. la—ig.

5. Boerhaavia ciliata Brand. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 270. 1912.

Perennial, from a thick woody root, the stems numerous, procumbent, 2-5 dm. long,
sparingly branched, the branches slender, finely puberulent and glandular-pilose; petioles
slender, 2-8 mm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular to broadly oval, rarely oval-ovate, 0.6-2 cm.
long, 0.6-1.2 cm. wide, often broader than long, subcordate to broadly rounded at the base,
broadly rounded to acute at the apex, apiculate, firm, bright-green above, glaucescent or pale
yellowish-green beneath, epunctate, entire, sparsely glandular-pilose, glabrate in age; flowers
subsessile or on slender pedicels 1-5 mm. long, solitary or 2-3-glomerate at the ends of filiform,
glabrous or pilose, axillary or terminal peduncles 0.5—4.5 cm. long, the bracts minute, linear to
lanceolate, attenuate, persistent, purplish, ciliate; perianth purplish-red, about 5 mm. broad,
sparsely puberulent or pilose outside; stamens 4; fruit obovoid-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, rounded
at the apex, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles rounded, smooth, the sulci smooth.

TypE Locality: Near Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Disrrisution: Known only from the type locality.

6. Boerhaavia anisophylla Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 171. 1859.
Boerhaavia Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 142. 1883.

Perennial, from a thick woody root; stems few or numerous, ascending or procumbent,
1.5-5 dm. long, sparsely branched, the branches slender, grayish, densely puberulent below
and hirtellous or rarely glandular-hirtellous, puberulent or glandular-puberulent above;
petioles stout, 2-10 mm. long; leaf-blades oval, broadly deltoid, oval-ovate, broadly ovate, or
oblong, 1-3 cm. long, 0.5—-2 cm. wide, cordate or rounded at the base, broadly rounded to
obtuse or rarely acute at the apex, entire or sinuate, coriaceous, green above, glaucous beneath,
scaberulous or short-hirtellous, glabrate in age, minutely brown-punctate beneath; inflorescence
cymose, much branched or sparingly branched, the branches slender, glandular-puberulent,
the flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate, in few-flowered glomerules, the bracts lanceolate
or ovate, acuminate or attenuate, thin, persistent, purplish-red, ciliate; perianth bright purp-
lish-red, 8-13 mm. broad, puberulent outside; stamens 5; fruit obovoid-oblong, rounded at
the apex, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles broad, rounded, smooth, the narrow sulci smooth.

Tyre Locairy: Entrance of the Great Canyon of the Rio Grande, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Dry rocky hillsides, extreme western Texas to Chihuahua and Nuevo Leén.

208 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA’ [VoLuME 21

7. Boerhaavia tenuifolia A. Gray; Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
2: 355. 1894.
Boerhaavia linearifolia glabrata A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 322, 1853.

Perennial, from a woody base, sparsely branched, the branches 2-4 dm. long, very slender,
glaucous, glabrous below, sometimes obscurely scaberulous above; petioles stout, 1-2 mm.
long; leaf-blades linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, coriaceous, glaucous, glabrous, the
margins strongly revolute; inflorescence cymose, axillary and terminal, much branched, the
branches viscid-puberulent, the flowers numerous, on pedicels 1-2 mm. long; bracts minute,
ovate or lanceolate, abruptly attenuate, minutely puberulent or glabrate; perianth purplish-
red, 8-10 mm. broad, puberulent outside; stamens 3; fruit obovoid, rounded at the apex,
5-angulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous, the angles broad and smooth, the sulci between them
smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Camp Charlotte, Ixion County, Texas.
DIstTRIBUTION: Dry hillsides, western Texas.

8. Boerhaavia Lindheimeri Standley, sp. nov.

Boerhaavia linearifolia glandulosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:387. 1909. Not B. glandu-
losa Anderss. 1854,

Perennial, from a thick woody root, the stems several or numerous, ascending or pro-
cumbent, sparsely branched, the branches stout, divergent or ascending, densely glandular-
hirsute and glandular-puberulent below, densely glandular-puberulent above, the internodes
mostly longer than the leaves; petioles 1-3 mm. long; leaf-blades lance-linear, lanceolate, or
linear, broadest at the base and gradually narrowed upward, 1.5-4 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse at the base, acute to acuminate at the apex, thinly coriaceous, green above,
pale beneath and brown-spotted, glandular-hirtellous or in age glabrate; inflorescence cymose,
much branched, nearly naked, the slender branches glandular-puberulent, the flowers solitary,
on pedicels 1-3 mm. long; bracts minute, persistent, lanceolate, attenuate, brown-dotted;
perianth purplish-red, 7-9 mm. long and broad, puberulent outside; stamens 5; fruit obovoid-
oblong, rounded at the apex, 3 mm. long, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles rounded, smooth,
the narrow sulci smooth.

Tyre LocaLiry: Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas.

9. Boerhaavia linearifolia A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 322. 1853.

Boerhaavia tenuifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 386, in part. 1909. Not B. tenuifolia
A. Gray, 1894.

Perennial, from a thick woody root; stems numerous, ascending or procumbent, 1-4 dm.
long, much branched, the branches slender, gray or white, hirsute or hirtellous and glandular-
puberulent below, densely glandular-puberulent above; petioles stout, 1-3 mm. long; leaf-
blades linear to lanceolate, rarely narrowly triangular, 1.2-3.5 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, obtuse
to rounded at the base and often unequal, broadest at the base and usually tapering gradually
to the obtuse or acute apex, coriaceous, usually glaucous, at least beneath, hirsute or hirtellous
when young, glabrate in age, spotted with brown beneath; inflorescence cymose, much branched,
naked or nearly so, the slender branches ascending or divergent, glandular-puberulent, the
numerous flowers subsessile or on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the bracts minute, persistent, ovate
or lanceolate, acuminate or attenuate, brown-dotted; perianth purplish-red, 7-8 mm. long,
about 1 cm. broad, puberulent outside; stamens 5; fruit obovoid-oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long,
glabrous, 5-angtlate, the angles broad, rounded, smooth, the broad or narrow sulci smooth.

Type LocaLiry: Western Texas. : .
DistrRrBution: Dry, rocky hillsides, western Texas and southeastern New Mexico to Coahuila.

10. Boerhaavia purpurascens A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 321.
1853.

Erect annual, 2-5 dm. high, much branched below, the branches slender, brown-punctate,
puberulent below, densely viscid-villous or glandular-hirtellous above; petioles slender, 0.4-

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 209

2.2 cm. long; leaf-blades oval to oblong, suborbicular, or ovate, or the uppermost lanceolate
or linear-oblong, 1.2-3 cm. long, 0.7-2 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded
to very acute at the apex, often apiculate, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green above,
paler beneath, often brown-punctate, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-
paniculate, sparsely branched, the branches ascending, densely glandular-villous with short
hairs, the flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile, densely cymose-glomerate at the ends of long
slender peduncles; bracts oblong or obovate, equaling or exceeding the fruit, persistent, thin,
purplish-red, villous and Jong-ciliate; perianth 3-4 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate;
stamens 3, equaling the perianth; fruit obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute
at the base, stramineous, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles low, acute, smooth, the sulci broad,
smooth.

TYPE LocaLiry: Stony hills near Santa Rita, New Mexico.

S Distrisution: Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to southeastern Arizona and
jonora.

11. Boerhaavia pterocarpa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 376. 1882.

Erect or decumbent annual, 1-3 dm. high, sparsely branched, the branches slender,
ascending, puberulent, often brown-punctate; petioles slender, 2-12 mm. long; leaf-blades
broadly ovate-rhombic to ovate or lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 0.3-1.5 cm. wide, rounded or
obtuse at the base, rounded to attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, green
above, slightly paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; inflorescence of few terminal
and axillary, densely matry-flowered, headlike cymes borne on slender peduncles 1-3 cm.
long, the flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter; bracts minute, lanceolate, brown-
punctate, persistent or deciduous; perianth pink, 1-1.5 mm. long, glandular-punctate; stamens
included; fruit broadly obpyramidal, 3 mm. long, truncate at the apex, abruptly contracted
into a short stipe below, glabrous, 3- or 4-winged, the wings narrow, gradually tapering down-
ward, thin, smooth, the body of the fruit strongly transverse-rugulose.

Tyre Locality: Apache Pass, Arizona.
DistTRIBvuTion: Southeastern Arizona and adjacent Sonora.

12. Boerhaavia megaptera Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
379. 1909.

Erect annual, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, puberulent,
tinged with red, brown-punctate, the middle and upper internodes with viscous rings; petioles
slender, 0.4—-2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate to oblong, ovate-oblong, or linear-lanceolate,
2-4 em. long, 0.4-1.7 cm. wide, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse to long-attenuate
at the apex, entire or subsinuate, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, green above, pale beneath,
sparsely brown-punctate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches
slender, ascending, the flowers on pedicels 1-2 mm. long, umbellate at the ends of short slender
peduncles; bracts minute, thin, ovate or lanceolate, brown-punctate, persistent; perianth
1-1.5 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate; stamens included; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
broad, truncate at the apex, acutish at the base, glabrous, 5-winged, the wings thin, smooth,
the very narrow sulci smooth.

Tyree LocaLity: On Flattop Mountain, Tucson Mountains, Arizona, at an altitude of 850

meters. ieaes .
DIstTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

13. Boerhaavia alata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.

Erect or decumbent annual, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, stramine-
ous, minutely puberulent below, glabrous above, brown-punctate, the middle internodes with
viscous rings; petioles slender, 2-8 mm. long; leaf-blades ovate-oblong to lance-oblong, or the
uppermost oblong-linear, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-12 mm. broad, rounded to broadly cuneate at the
base, obtuse or acute at the apex, entire, green above, pale beneath, glabrous, sparsely brown-
punctate; inflorescence laxly cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous,
the flowers on pedicels 2-15 mm. long, solitary or umbellate in clusters of 7 or fewer; bracts

210 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Volume 21

minute, lanceolate, brown-punctate, persistent; perianth 3 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate;
stamens 5, included; fruit 4 mm. long and nearly as broad, rounded at the base, emarginate at
the apex, glabrous, 5-winged, the wings broad, thin, the body coarsely transverse-rugulose.

TYPE Locattry: On a small rocky island in Guaymas harbor, Sonora.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

14. Boerhaavia triquetra S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.

Ascending or procumbent annual, 3-6 dm. high much branched, the branches slender,
yellowish-green or stramineous, minutely puberulent, the upper internodes with viscous
rings; petioles slender, 0.3~1.7 cm. long; leaf-blades oblong-oval to ovate-oblong or lanceolate,
1.5-4 cm. long, 0.4-1.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, obtuse to attenuate at the
apex, entire, thick and firm, green above, pale beneath, glabrous, epunctate; inflorescence
rather densely cymose, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, erect or ascending,
the flowers on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, in clusters of 2 or 3 at the ends of short slender peduncles;
bracts minute, ovate or lanceolate, glandular-punctate, persistent; perianth pink, 1 mm. long,
glabrous, brown-punctate; stamens 2, included; fruit obpyramidal, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1.2 mm.
broad, truncate at the apex, glabrous, yellowish-green, 3- or 4-angulate, the angles very acute,
smooth, the broad sulci coarsely rugulose.

TyPE Locality: Sandy plains and stony ridges about Los Angeles Bay, Lower California.
DistRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

15. Boerhaavia maculata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 379.
1909.

Erect annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched below, the branches slender, brown-punctate,
cinereo-puberulent, some of the upper internodes viscous; petioles slender, 3-12 mm. long;
leaf-blades narrowly oblong to lanceolate or linear, 1.2-6 cm. long, 0.2—-1.1 cm. wide, rounded
or obtuse at the base, acuminate to long-attenuate at the apex, entire, sparsely puberulent or
glabrous, green above, pale beneath, brown-punctate on both sides; inflorescence loosely
cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, erect or ascending, the flowers on
pedicels 2-10 mm. long, simply umbellate at the ends of long slender peduncles; bracts minute,
lanceolate, persistent, brown-punctate; perianth pink, 3 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, glabrous,
glandular-punctate; stamens 5, exserted; fruit obpyramidal, truncate at the apex, 3.5-4 mm.
long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, stramineous. glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles very broad, much com-
pressed, acute, slightly rugose, the narrow sulci strongly rugose.

‘Type Locarity: Guaymas, Sonora. :
DistrrBvution: Dry, rocky hillsides, coast of southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa.

16. Boerhaavia erecta L. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.

Boerhaavia elongata Salisb. Prodr. 56. 1796.

Boerhaavia virgata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 215. 1817.

Boerhaavia discolor H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 215. 1817,

Boerhaavia atomaria Raf. Aut. Bot. 40. 1840.

Valeriana latifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 11): 124. 1844.
Boerhaavia Thornberi M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 72. 1908.
Boerhaavia erecta Thornberi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 381. 1909.

Annual, erect or decumbent, 2-10 dm. high, much branched at the base and sparsely
above, the branches stout or slender, often tinged wth red, finely puberulent below, the
middle internodes often with brown viscous bands, the uppermost internodes glabrous or
minutely puberulent; petioles slender, 0.4-4 cm. long; leaf-blades mostly broadly ovate-
rhombic or deltoid-ovate, but sometimes oval, broadly oblong, or ovate, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4.5
cm. wide, truncate to rounded at the base, broadly rounded to obtuse or rarely acute at the
apex, entire or usually stbsinudte, bright-green above, beneath paler or glaucous and usually
brown-punctate, glabrous, or ciliolate or sparsely puberulent, the blades of the uppermost
leaves smaller, lanceolate to linear; inflorescence cymose, much branched, the branches slender,
erect or ascending, usually glabrous, rarely with viscous internodes, the flowers irregularly
umbellate-cymose or subracemose at the ends of long slender peduncles, the pedicels 1-5 mm.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 211

long; bracts minute, linear or lanceolate, reddish, persistent; perianth white or tinged with
pink, 1~1.5 mm. long, glabrous, sometimes glandular-punctate; stamens 2 or 3, exserted; fruit
narrowly obpyramidal, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1~1.5 mm. broad at the truncate apex, green, glabrous,
5-angled, the angles obtuse or acutish, smooth, the sulci coarsely transverse-rugose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

Distrisution: South Carolina to Florida, Arkansas, and southern Arizona, and southward

caeae ron Mexico, Central America, and the warmer parts of South America; general in the West
ndies.

ILLusTRATIONS: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. pl. 5, 6; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127.

17. Boerhaavia intermedia M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 41.
1902.
Boerhaavia universitatis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 380. 1909.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascend-
ing, minutely puberulent, often brown-punctate or tinged with red, the middle and upper
internodes usually with viscous rings; petioles slender, 0.3-2.5 cm. long; blades of the lower
leaves mostly oval or broadly oblong, rarely oval-ovate or suborbicular, the others oblong to
ovate, lanceolate, or linear, 1.5—4.5 em. long, 0.3-1.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base,
broadly rounded to long-attenuate at the apex, rather thin, glabrous or when young obscurely
puberulent, entire or stibsinuate, green above, paler or often white beneath, frequently brown-
punctate, especially on the upper leaves; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched,
the branches slender, ascending, the internodes usually with viscous rings, the flowers on
slender pedicels 1~3 mm. long, in few-flowered, usually simple umbels at the ends of long slender
peduncles; bracts minute, lanceolate, glandular-punctate, persistent; perianth 1.5-2 mm.
long, pink, often glandular-punctate; stamens 2 or 3, equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth;
fruit narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5-2.7 mm. long, yellowish-green or stramineous, glabrous,
truncate at fhe apex, 5-angulate, the angles smooth, obtuse, the narrow sulci tramsverse-
rugulose.

TYPE LOCALITY: El Paso, Texas.

Disrrisution: Dry plains and fields, western Texas to southeastern California, south to

Lower California, Durango, and Coahuila.
ILLUSTRATION: M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: p1. 16.

18. Boerhaavia lateriflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 426. 1911..

Erect or procumbent annual, 1-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, green-
ish, minutely puberulent, slightly or not at all viscous; petioles very slender, 0.3-3 cm. long;
leaf-blades broadly ovate-rhombic to ovate, oval, oblong, or lance-oblong, or the uppermost
linear, 1.5-5.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, or those of the inflorescence only 2 mm. wide, rounded
at the base, rounded to attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, green above,
slightly paler beneath, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate or
wholly of axillary and terminal simple peduncles, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, in
dense headlike cymes; bracts minute, lanceolate, thin, persistent, sometimes glandular-punc-
tate; perianth pink, 2-3 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 3, exserted; fruit 2.5 mm. long, narrowly
obpyramidal, truncate at the apex, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles obtuse, slightly rugulose,
the sulci broad, strongly rugulose.

TYPE LocaLity: Guaymas, Sonora. :
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

19. Boerhaavia Wrightii A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 322. 1853.

Boerhaavia bracteosa S, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 370. 1885.

Erect annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender or stout, ascending,
densely puberulent below and often short-villous, densely glandular-puberulent and villous
above; petioles slender or stout, 0.5-2 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate, ovate-oblong, oval, narrowly
oblong, or lanceolate, or the uppermost linear, 2~4.5 cm. long, 0.3-2.5 cm. wide, truncate or
rounded at the base, obtuse or rounded to long-attenuate at the apex, sinuate or entire, rather

212 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

thin, green above, paler beneath, brown-punctate, puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, glandular-puberulent, viscid-villous, or glandular-
hirtellous, the flowers on pedicels about 1 mm. long, in dense or somewhat interrupted racemes,
these with glabrous rachises; bracts about as long as the fruit, persistent, ovate-orbicular or
ovate, abruptly acuminate or long-cuspidate, very thin, purplish, short-villous and ciliate;
perianth pink, 1.5 mm. long; stamens 3 or 4, included; fruit broadly oblong, rounded at the
apex, 2 mm. long and over 1 mm. thick, glabrous, usually 4-angulate, the angles broad, acute,
smooth, the sulci broad, rugulose.

Type LocaLity: Pebbly hills near El Paso [Texas or Chihuahua].

Pee Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to Nevada, and southward
to Sonora.

20. Boerhaavia Rosei Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 424.
1911.

Erect annual, 5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending or spreading,
puberulent, above densely glandular-puberulent or glandular-hirtellous; petioles rather stout,
5-12 mm. long; leaf-blades ovate, ovate-oval, or oval, the uppermost often lanceolate, 1.2-2.2
cm. long, 0.4-1.2 cm. wide, rounded at the base, obtuse to very actite at the apex, entire or
subsinuate, thin, green above, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; inflorescence
cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, the internodes usually
viscous, the flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter, in long slender interrupted racemes;
bracts minute, thin, lanceolate, ciliolate, deciduous; perianth pink, 1 mm. long, glabrous;
stamens included; fruit narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5 mm. long, truncate at the apex, glabrous,
green, 5-angulate, the angles smooth, acute, the sulci broad, open, smooth or obscurely rugu-
lose.

Type LOCALITY: In sandy soil along the Rio Fuerte near Fuerte, Sinaloa.
DisTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

21. Boerhaavia alamosana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 110.
1891.

Erect annual, 3-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, puberulent
and sparsely hirtellous; petioles slender 3-8 mm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, 1.2-3.3 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, rounded at the base, acute to long-attenuate at the
apex, entire or subsinuate, green above, pale beneath, brown-punctate, puberulent; inflores-
cence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, glabrous, the
flowers on pedicels 1-2 mm. long, in short, slender, remotely fowered racemes; bracts lanceo-
late, thin, ciliolate, brown-punctate, shorter than the flowers, deciduous; perianth 3 mm. long,
white, glabrous or puberulent; stamens 4, exserted; fruit obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at
the apex, acute at the base, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles broad, rounded, smooth, the
sulci narrowly linear, nearly closed, smooth.

Typz Locality: Hillsides about Alamos, Sonora.
PDistRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

22. Boerhaavia Coulteri (Hook. f.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad.
24: 70. 1889.

Senkenber gia Coulteri Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 6, hyponym. 1880.
Boerhaavia spicata Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 70. 1889.
Boerhaavia Waisoni Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 384. 1909.

Erect or decumbent annual, 2-8 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascend-
ing, green or stramineous, puberulent, often sparsely villous or hirtellous above; petioles
slender, 0.5-2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate-rhombic, oval, oblong, deltoid-ovate, ovate,
or lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, 0.5-2.2 cm. wide, rounded at the base, rounded to very acute
at the apex, thin, entire or sinuate, green above, pale beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, usually
with viscid internodes, the flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter, in slender interrupted

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 213

racemes; bracts usually shorter than the ovary, lanceolate or ovate, thin, brown-punctate,
obscurely ciliolate; perianth 1-1.5 mm. long, pink or white, glabrous; stamens 1 or 2, included;
fruit narrowly obovoid, 2.5~3 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous,
5-angtulate, the angles broad, obtuse, smooth, the sulci narrowly linear, closed, smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DistRiIsution: In dry, sandy soil, Arizona and southeastern California to Lower California
and Sonora.

23. Boerhaavia Xanti S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.
Boerhaavia fallax Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 424. 1911.

Erect or decumbent annual, 2-4 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, stramine-
ous or light-green, puberulent and villous or hirtellous below; petioles slender, 0.5-2.5 cm.
long; leaf-blades ovate-rhombic, oval, oblong, oblong-ovate, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate,
2-5 cm. long, 0.5-3 cm. wide, subcordate to obtuse at the base, rounded to attenuate at the
apex, entire or usually sinuate, thin, green above, paler beneath, often brown-punctate, glabrous
or puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, giabrous,
often with viscous internodes, the flowers on pedicels ] mm. long, in short, dense or inter-
rupted racemes; bracts small, lanceolate or ovate, deciduous, thin, often ciliolate, shorter
than the flowers; perianth pink, 3 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 3 or 4, exserted; fruit broadly
obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles
broad, acute, smooth, the sulci broad, transverse-rugulose.

TypPr Locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California.
DistRiBUuTION: Southern Lower California and western Sonora.

24. Boerhaavia Torreyana (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 385. 1909.

Boerhaavia spicata Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 171. 1859. Not B. spicata Choisy, 1849.
Boerhaavia spicata Torreyana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 70. 1889.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender or
stout, puberulent below and sometimes sparsely glandular-hirtellous, above puberulent and
hirtellous, sometimes viscid; petioles slender, 0.5-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, oval,
oblong, rhombic-ovate, or ovate, or the uppermost narrowly Janceolate, 1.7-4.5 cm. long,
0.4-2.5 cm. wide, truncate to obtuse at the base, rounded to very acute at the apex, entire
or usually sinuate, green above, paler beneath, usually brown-punctate, puberulent or glabrate;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous but mostly
with viscous internodes, the flowers on slender pedicels 1-2 mm. long, in slender, remotely
flowered racemes; bracts small, deciduous, usually lanceolate, thin, brown-punctate, ciliolate,
commonly shorter than the ovary at anthesis; perianth pink, ylabrous or puberulent, 1-1.5
mmm. long; stamens 1 or 2, included; fruit narrowly obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the
apex, acuminate at the base, glabrous, stramineous, 5-angulate, the angles thin, acute, often
rugulose, the sulci broad and open, rugulose.

Tyre yocatiry: Not definitely stated. : :
Distrisution: Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to Arizona, south to Coahuila.

25. Boerhaavia spicata Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13: 456. 1849.

Boerhaavia Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889. Not B. Palmeri S. Wats. 1883.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, usually
tinged with red, densely viscid-puberulent, often villous above; petioles stout, 0.5-3.5 em.
long; leaf-blades ovate or lanceolate, or sometimes oblong, ovate-deltoid, or narrowly lanceo-
late, 1-4.5 cm. long, 0.4-2 cm. wide, truncate to obtuse at the base, obtuse to attenuate
at the apex, entire or often deeply sinuate, rather thin, green above, pale beneath, viscid-
puberulent or sparsely short-villous, usually brown-punctate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, with viscous internodes, the flowers on pedicels
1-2 mm. long, in short dense racemes; bracts broadly ovate, pink, thin, often as long as the
flowers, ciliate, deciduous; perianth 1-1.5 mm. long, pink, puberulent or glabrous; stamens

214 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

1 or 2, included; fruit obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous,
5-angulate, the angles thick, acute, smooth, the sulci broad, open, rugose.

TYPE Locality: Mexico.
DistriBution: In dry, sandy soil, southern Arizona to Chihuahua and Sinaloa.

17. CYPHOMERIS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 428.
1911.

Lindenia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10!: 357. 1843. Not Lindenia Benth. 1842.
Tinantia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11:: 240. 1844. Not Tinantia Scheidw. 1839.
Senkenbergia Schauer, Linnaea 19: 711. 1847. Not Senckenbergia Gaertn. Mey. & Scherb. 1800.

Erect or ascending perennial herbs, suffrutescent at the base, more or less pubescent,
much branched, the upper internodes each with a glutinous area along the middle. Leaves
opposite, those of a pair subequal, petiolate, the blades broad or narrow, succulent, entire or
sinuate. Flowers perfect, in elongate, spikelike, terminal and axillary racemes, pedicellate,
each pedicel subtended by a narrow caducous bract; perianth broadly tubular-funnelform,
deep bright-red, the tube very short, slightly curved, constricted above the ovary, the limb
somewhat oblique, shallowly 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 5; filaments capillary,
exserted, unequal, connate at the base; anthers didymous. Ovary fusiform, asymmetric;
style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate. Anthocarp clavate, stipitate, gibbous, pendent or
refracted, finely striate vertically, glabrous. Seed with a thin testa adherent to the pericarp;
embryo ‘ttncinate, the broad cotyledons enclosing the farinaceous endosperm, the radicle
elongate, descending.

Type species, Lindenia gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal.

Fruit 10-12 mm. long; leaf-blades glabrous, or sparsely puberulent when young,

the upper most usually linear or nearly so. 1. C. gypsophiloides.
Fruit about 7 mm. long; leaf-blades permanently and densely puberulent, the
upper ones nearly as broad as the lower. 2. C. crassifolia.

1, Cyphomeris gypsophiloides (Mart. & Gal.) Standley, Contr. U. 5.
Nat. Herb. 13: 428. 1911.

Lindenia gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10!: 358. 1843.
Tinantia gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 240. 1844.
Senkenbergia annulata Schauer, Linnaea 19: 711. 1847.

Boerhaavia gibbosa Pavon; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 457. 1849.
Senkenbergia gypsophiloides Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 5. 1880

Boerhaavia gypsophiloides Coult. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 2: 354. 1894.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-10 dm. high, sufirutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches slender, glaucous, glabrous, or rarely obscurely puberttent below; petioles slender,
0.5~2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades narrowly deltoid, lanceolate, deltoid-oblong, or ovate-deltoid,
the upper ones usually linear, 2.5-7 em. long, 0.3-3 cm. wide, subcordate to acute at the base,
gradually narrowed to an acute or obtuse apex, entire or rarely slightly sinuate, green above,
glaucescent beneath, glabrous, or when young sparsely and minutely puberulent; racemes
slender, 5-16 cm. long, the flowers remote, on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts lanceolate or linear,
4-7 mm. long, glabrous; perianth 7-9 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, glabrous; stamens long-exserted ;
fruit 10-12 mm. long, slender-stipitate, 2-2.5 mm. thick; seed obovoid, about 4 mm. long,
rounded at the apex, acuminate at the base, brown.

Tyrer LocaLity: Plains near Tehuac4n, Puebla. .
DISTRIBUTION: Dry, rocky slopes, western Texas and southern New Mexico, southward to
Nuevo Leén and Puebla.

2. Cyphomeris crassifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13:
428. 1911.

Senkenbergia crassifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373. 1909.

Plants 6-10 dm. high, suffruticose below, much branched, the branches slender, pale-
green, finely and sparsely puberulent, the branches of the inflorescence glabrous; petioles
0.4-2.5 em. long; leaf-blades rhombic, broadly oblong, or rhombic-ovate, 1.5-3 em. long, 1-2

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 215

cm, wide truncate to rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
coarsely sinuate-lobate, green above, paler beneath, densely and finely puberulent; racemes
5-10 cm. long, the flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts lance-linear, 4-5 mm. long, green,
glabrous; perianth 6-7 mm. long, glabrous, the tube very short, the limb 7 mm. broad; stamens
long-exserted; fruit 7 mm. long, short-stipitate, 2 mm. thick in the widest part.

TYPE LOCALITY: Saltillo, Coahuila.
DIsTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén and Coahuila.

18. COMMICARPUS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373.
1909.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, pubescent or glabrous, usually decumbent or reclining, the
stems much branched. Leaves opposite, those of a pair subequal, petiolate, the blades broad,
more or Jess succulent, entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, umbellate or verticillate, pedicellate,
each pedicel bracteate, the bracts forming an involucel; perianth funnelform or campanulate,
corolla-like, white or green, usually with a distinct tube, constricted above the ovary, the limb
shallowly 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 2-5; filaments exserted, capillary, unequal,
connate at the base; anthers didymous. Ovary stipitate, attenuate to a filiform style; stigma
peltate. Anthocarp cylindric-fusiform, symmetric, finely costate vertically, pubescent or
glabrous, bearing numerous verrucose glands. Seed with a thin testa adherent to the pericarp;
embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the scanty endosperm; radicle slender, elongate,
descending.

Type species, Boerhaavia scandens L.

Perianth 3 mm. long and broad, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; glands of the

fruit irregularly scattered. 1. C. scandens.
Perianth 7-8 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, short-villous or hirtellous; glands of the
fruit grouped in transverse bands. 2. C. Brandegei.

1. Commicarpus scandens (L,.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 373. 1909.

Boerhaavia scandens L,. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.
Boerhaavia Grahami A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT, 15: 323. 1853.

Plants decumbent or usually clambering over shrubs, fruticose or suffrutescent below,
much branched, the branches slender, pale-green, glabrous, or obscurely puberulent about
the nodes; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to ovate-deltoid
or rarely rhombic-orbicular, 1.5-6.5 em. long, 1-4.5 em. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at
the base and unequal, attenuate to acute or rarely rounded at the apex, rather succulent,
bright-green, slightly paler beneath, glabrous, or when young obscurely puberulent or scaberu-
lous; flowers umbellate, the pedwncles slender, 2—4.5 cm. long, the pedicels slender, 5-10 mm.
long, glabrous; btacts lanceolate or oblong, 2-3 mm. long, green, ciliolate, caducous; perianth
greenish-yellow, 3-4 mm. long and broad, glabrous or rarely obscurely puberulent; stamens 2
or rarely 3, exserted; fruit about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, narrowly clavate-cylindric,
glabrous, bearing few or numerous glands irregularly scattered along the coste.

TYPE LOCALITY: Santiago de la Vega [Spanish Town], Jamaica. . :
DistRBUTION: Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and Lower California, and southward
nearly throughout Mexico; nearly throughout the West Indies; also from Colombia and Venezuela

to Peru.
TLLUSTRATTONS: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1: pl. 4; Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 4; Meerb. Pl. Rar. pl. 21;

Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127.

2. Commicarpus Brandegei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 374. 1909.

Boerhaavia elongata Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. HI. 2: 199. 1889. Not B. elongata Salisb. 1796.
Commicarpus Brandegei glabrior Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 374. 1900.

Plants much branched, 2 meters long or more, prostrate or clambering over shrubs, the
branches slender, glaucescent, often sparsely short-villous when young but soon glabrate;
petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 2-5 cm.

216 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, cordate at the base and slightly unequal, acute or attenuate at the apex,
minutely puberulent when young but soon gabrate; flowers in 3-6-flowered umbels on long
slender peduncles, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, short-villous or rarely glabrate; bracts linear,
2-3 mm. long, green, short-villous, caducous; perianth 7-10 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad,
white, short-villous outside, at least below; stamens 2, exserted; fruit narrowly clavate-oblong,
5-10 mm. jong, 2 mm. thick, dark-green, glabrous, bearing numerous glands arranged in
3 or 4 transverse bands.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Pablo, Lower California.
DIstRIBUTION: Southern Lower California.

19. ANULOCADLIS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 374.
1909.

Tall erect perennial herbs, more or less pubescent, branched, the internodes usually
each with a viscid ring. Leaves opposite, petiolate, few, borne near the base of the stem, the
blades broad, coriaceous, glandular-dentate or denticulate. Flowers perfect, bracteate, um-
bellate or in axillary glorberules or racemose, the inflorescence ample, much branched, the
bracts small, scarious or coriaceous; perianth funnelform, the tube elongate, constricted above
the ovary, the limb campanulate or subrotate, 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 3 or 5,
exserted; filaments unequal, filiform, connate at the base; anthers didymous. Style filiform,
the stigma peltate. Anthocarp coriaceous, biturbinate, 10-striate, glabrous, in one species
(probably in all) developing at maturity a broad median horizontal wing. Seed with its
thin testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the broad cotyledons enclosing the
copious endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Boerhaavia erioselena A. Gray.

Perianth glabrous, 2.5-3 cm. long; leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so. 1. A. leiosolenus.
Perianth villous, 8-10 mm. long; leaf-blades long-villous beneath, at least when

young.
Flowers mostly in sessile axillary clusters; perianth abruptly expanded into a

subrotate limb. 2. A. eriosolenus.
Flowers in pedunculate terminal umbels; perianth gradually dilated into a

campanulate limb. 3. A. annulaius.

1. Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torr.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 375. 1909.

Boerhaavia leiosolena Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 172. 1859.
Acleisanthes nummularia M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 43. 1902.
Boerhaavia nummularia M. E. Jones; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4: 27. 1913.

Plants erect, 6-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, the branciies stout, glaucous,
glabrous; leaves 1 or 2 pairs at the base of the stem, the petioles stout, 2-11 cm. long, the
blades reniform to broadly oval, rhombic-orbicular, or ovate-oval, 3.5-15 cm. long, 3.5-12.5
em. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at the base, broadly rounded at the apex, rather
coarsely sinuate, thick-coriaceous, yellowish-green on the upper surface and when young
tomentulose, beneath glaucescent and tomentulose or villous when young but early glabrate
and gland-dotted; inflorescence much branched, the branches stout, naked, the flowers fascicu-
late or in dense spikes, short-pedicellate; bracts minute, ovate, coriaceous, glabrous; perianth
yellowish-green, 2.5-3 cm. long, glabrous, gradually dilated above into a narrow limb; stamens
5, short-exserted. fruit biturbinate, 5-6 mm. long, glaucous, in age developing at the middle a
rigid horizontal wing 6-7 mm. in diameter; seed biturbinate, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

TypE Locality: In gypseous soil, Great Canyon of the Rio Grande, 70 miles below El Paso,

‘Texas. ;
DIsTRIBUTION: In strongly alkaline soil, western Texas to Arizona and Nevada.

2. Anulocaulis eriosolenus (A. Gray) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 375. 1909.
Boerhaavia eriosolena A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT, 15: 322. 1853.

Plants erect, 2-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, the branches very stout, glabrous;
petioles stout, 1-4 cm. long; leaf -blades orbicular-oval to ovate-oval, 2.2-10 em. long, 2-7 cm.

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 217

wide, cordate or subcordate at the base, rounded at the apex, coriaceous, glandular-denticulate,
sparsely scabrous on the upper surface with stout conic hairs having dark glandular bases,
similarly pubescent beneath with longer hairs, glabrate in age; inflorescence paniculately much
branched, the branches slender, naked, the flowers in axillary and terminal few-flowered
clusters, on slender pedicels 2-4 mm. long; bracts ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 2-3 mm. long,
acuminate, scarious, glabrous, usually ciliolate; perianth 1 cm. long, the tube slender, long-
villous, very abruptly expanded into a nearly rotate limb 1 cm. broad; stamens 5, short-exserted;
fruit turbinate, 5 mm. long, conic above, glabrous. .

TYPE LOCALITY: Valley near Azufrora, Coahuila.
DIsTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.

3. Anulocaulis annulatus (Coville) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 375. 1909.
Boerhaavia annulata Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 177. 1893.

Plants erect from a decumbent base, 5-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, loosely
paniculate above, the branches stout, glaucescent, at least below, glabrous except at the villous
nodes; petioles stout, 2-4 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly oval to ovate-oval or ovate-deltoid,
3-8 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base and subequal, rounded at the
apex or rarely only obtuse, coriaceous, shallowly and irregularly repand-dentate, yellowish-
green above and hirsute with slender hairs having dark enlarged glandular bases, paler beneath
and densely hirsute with similar hairs; inflorescence nearly naked, the branches slender, the
flowers in dense many-flowered headlike long-pedunculate umbels; bracts short, lanceolate,
hirsute, the hairs with glandular bases; perianth 8 mm. long, greenish, the tube stout, long-
villous, gradually dilated into a campanulate limb; stamens 3, short-exserted; fruit biturbinate,
5 mm. long, glabrous.

Typn Locality: Furnace Creek Canyon, Funeral Mountains, Inyo County, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Inyo County, California.
IntustRation: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 1. 18.

20. ALLIONIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 890. 1759.

Vitmania Turra; Cav. Ic. 3: 53. 1794. Not Vitmennie Vahl, 1794.
Oxybaphus 1 Hér.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 185. 1797.

Calyxhymenia Ortega, Dec. 5. 1797.

Calymenia Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 36. 1805.

Perennial plants, herbaceous or rarely suffruticose, erect or procumbent, viscid-pubescent
or glabrous, usually branched, the branches somewhat swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite,
sessile or petiolate, the blades entire or undulate, often asymmetric. Flowers perfect, in-
volucrate, the involucre 1-3-flowered, equally or unequally 5-lobed, in fruit more or less
accrescent, often nearly rotate in age and reticulate-veined; perianth campanulate or broadly
short-funnelform, usually oblique, the tube usually very short, constricted above the ovary,
the limb 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate, emarginate, the perianth deciduous after
anthesis. Stamens 3-5; filaments capillary, unequal, circinnate, short-connate at the base,
usually exserted; anthers didymous. Ovary ovoid or subglobose; style filiform; stigma long-
papillose. Anthocarp obovoid, usually 5-angulate or 5-sulcate, almost terete, rugose or
tuberculate, or the angles smooth, constricted at the base, glabrous or pubescent, mucilaginous
when wet. Seed adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the
copious endosperm; radicle exterior, elongate, descending.

Type species, Allionia violacea L.

Fruit glabrous. . _
Angles of the fruit covered with coarse, distinct tubercles. .
Stems densely viscid-pilose below. 1. A. viscosa,
Stems glabrous up to the inflorescence.
Involucres in fruit 6-10 mm. long; blades of the lower leaves
usually broadly cordate-deltoid, twice as long as broad or
shorter. 2. A. corymbosa.
Involucres in fruit 4-6 mm. long; blades of the lower leaves
elongate deltoid-lanceolate, three times as long as broad or ;
longer. 3, A. microchlamydea,

218 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA

Angles of the fruit continuous, smooth.

Leaf-blades linear, 2-7 mm. wide; stems glabrous.
Leaf-blades lanceolate or broader, 10-40 mm, wide.
Stems glabrous.

. Stems densely short-pilose.

Fruit more or less pubescent, sometimes with only sparse pubescence of
short hairs.

Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, or sometimes gradually attenuate to 2
aad stout petiole, the blade not sharply differentiated from the
petiole,

Leaf-blades linear or lance-linear.
Perianth deep bright-red, about 4 times as long as the involucre,
much longer than broad.
Perianth pink or purplish-red, about twice as long as the in-
volucre, usually broader than long.
Stems densely hirsute or long-villous, at least at the base,
glaucous.
Stems glabrous below or nearly so.

Stems glaucous; leaf-blades sessile or gradually narrowed
to a short, stout or marginate petiole, glaucous or
glaucescent beneath.

Stems green; leaf-blades, at least the lower ones, sub-
abruptly contracted into a slender petiole, bright-

green,

Leaf-blades lanceolate or broader.

Stems densely hirsute, at least near the base, the middle nodes

sometimes glabrate but the nodes always hirsute.

Stems puberulent or glabrate, or sometimes pilose or hirsute above
but not near the base,

Stems densely puberulent throughout; leaf-blades ovate to

ovate-deltoid.

Stems glabrate below or puberulent only in lines; leaf-blades
mostly lanceolate.

Angles of the fruit strongly tuberculate or composed of
distinct tubercles.

Angles of the fruit continuous, smooth or nearly so.

Leaf-blades usually broadly rounded at the base or
even subcordate, those of the lower leaves some-
times acute at the base; branches of the inflores-
cence mostly opposite.

Leaf-blades acute or acuminate at the base; branches
of the inflorescence mostly alternate.

Leaf-blades, at least most of them, on long slender petioles, the blades
usually obtuse to cordate at the base and sharply differentiated
from the petioles.

Fruit prominently 5-angulate, the angles smooth or tuberculate;
stems usually stout, erect or decumbent, and sparsely branched;
involucres much accrescent in fruit, the lobes equal or nearly so.

Involucres at anthesis usually glabrous except at the base,
there short-pilose or puberulent, the lobes glabrous, in fruit
usually 15-20 mm. broad,

Involucres at anthesis densely viscid-pilose outside, in fruit

usually less than 15 mm. broad.
Stems densely puberulent, pilose, or hirsute below, over the
whole surface, with stiff hairs.

Leaf-blades usually twice as long as broad, ovate or
ovate-oblong, and obtuse at the base; plants tall, erect,
simple or sparsely branched below.

Leaf-blades less than twice as long as broad, mostly
ovate-deltoid or deltoid, usually truncate or sub-
cordate at the base; plants low, spreading, much
branched below, the branches mostly divergent.

Stems puberulent or short-pilose below with weak,
soft hairs.

Stems hirsute below with long, stiff hairs.

Stems glabrous below or puberulent in lines, very rarely
pilose with weak, soft, viscid hairs.

Plants suffruticose.

Plants herbaceous.

Blades of the upper leaves about as broad as long,
rounded or very obtuse at the apex; involucres in
fruit 10-12 mm. long.

Blades of the upper leaves usually twice as long as
broad or longer, lance-oblong to linear, com-
monly long-acuminate to attenuate at the apex;
involucres in fruit rarely over 8 mm. long.

Lobes of the involucre oval-oblong, longer than the
tube, all or most of them rounded at the
apex, usually pilose with black hairs.

ae

10.

12.

13.

14,
15.

19.

16.

17.
18.

21.

20.

a

[VoLuME 21

. glabra.

. exaltata.
. Carletoni.

. coccinea,

. gausapoides.

. linearis.

. decipiens,

. hirsuta.

. pauci flora.

. albida.

. lanceolata.

. aggregata.

. nyclaginea.

. coahuilensis.

. pumila,
. rotundifolia,

. suffruticosa,

. Grayana.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 219

Leaf-blades linear or lance-linear, acute or
attenuate at the base. 10. A. decipiens,
Leaf-blades mostly elongate-deltoid or deltoid,
sometimes rather broadly lanceolate, obtuse
to cordate at the base. 22. A. comata.
Lobes of the involucre broadly ovate or ovate-
orbicular, usually shorter than the tube,
acute or acutish at the apex, at least in fruit,
pilose with white or fulvous hairs.
Leaf-blades acute or acutish at the base, lance-
olate or broadly lanceolate. 15. A. aggregata.
Leaf-blades rounded to cordate at the base,
ovate-cordate to lance-deltoid.
Leaf-blades deeply cordate at the base,
often shorter than the petioles, these
puberulent or short-pilose with fulvous
hairs; fruit 5 mm. long. 23, A. longipes.
Leaf-blades rounded to subcordate at the
base, much longer than the petioles, these
long-pilose with white hairs; fruit 3.5-4
: mm. long. 24, A. ciliate.
Fruit terete at maturity, irregularly and sparsely tuberculate;
stems slender, usually procumbent, much branched; involucre
only slightly accrescent in fruit, the lobes very unequal. 25. A. violacea.

1. Allionia viscosa (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis viscosa Cav. Ie. 1: 13. 1791,

Nyctago parviflora Salisb. Prodr. 57. 1796.
Calyxhymenia viscosa R. & P. Fl. Per. 1: 46. 1798.
Calymenia viscosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 36. 1805.
Vitmania viscosa Turra; Steud. Nom. 140, as synonym. 1821.

Oxybaphus viscosus LHér.; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 430. 1849.

Oxybaphus Cervantesii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 436. 1886. Not O. Cervantesii Sweet, 1825.
Allionia rotate Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 347. 1909.

Oxybaphus rotatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, erect, 4-15 dm. high, stout, sparsely branched or simple below the
inflorescence, green, densely short-pilose with viscid hairs; petioles slender, 1~6.5 cm. long,
densely short-pilose; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to ovate-deltoid, 2.5-10 cm. long,
1.5-9 cm. wide, usually cordate at the base but sometimes truncate, abruptly short-decurrent,
acute or attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green, sparsely viscid-
puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface, short-pilose or puberulent beneath, the leaves
of the inflorescence reduced and bractlike, often very numerous, sessile or short-petiolate, the
blades ovate to suborbicular; inflorescence ample, paniculate, much branched, the branches
opposite, ascending, stout or slender, densely viscid-pilose with short fulvous hairs; involucres
numerous, slender-pedunculate, at anthesis 3-5 mm. long, in fruit 15-25 mm. broad, densely
viscid-pilose, the lobes broadly rounded; flowers solitary or rarely 2 or 3 in each involucre,
the perianth 8-20 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely pilose outside, the limb 15-25 mm. broad;
stamens 3, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-gray, glabrous, densely covered
with large coarse rounded tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type LocaLity: Huanuco, Peru.

DistRiBuTION: Chihuahua to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca; Peru. . .
IntustRations: Cav. Ic. 1: pl. 19; Schnizl. Ic. pl. 104; Bot. Mag. pl. 434; Dict. Sci. Nat. £1. 22.

2. Allionia corymbosa (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis corymbosa Cav. Ic. 4: 55. 1797.

Calyxhymenia glabrifolia Ortega, Dec. 5. 1797.

Calymenia corymbosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 37. 1805.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 40. 1806.

Allionia corymbosa texensis Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 351. 1894.
Allionia texensis Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 406. 1903.

Oxybaphus texensis Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Allionia cardiophylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.
Oxybaphus cardiophyllus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, erect or ascending, 3-10 dm. high, stout, simple or sparsely branched
below, rarely suffrutescent, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, usually
puberulent or short-pilose at the nodes, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 0.5-6 cm.

220 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 21

long, glabrous; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to elongate ovate-deltoid, 2-8 cm. long,
1-5.5 cm. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at the base and usually short-decurrent, obtuse or
acute at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent, green on the upper surface, often
glaucous beneath, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-pariculate, usually
much branched, the branches slender, viscid-pilose with short fulvous hairs, the bracts few
and very small, the involucres usually numerous, slender-pedunculate, viscid-pilose, about
4 mm. long at anthesis, 6-10 mm. long in fruit, the lobes short, rounded-oval; flowers usually
solitary in the involucre, rarely 2 or 3, the perianth sparsely pilose, 6-10 mm. long, the limb
10-12 mm. broad; stamens 3, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5 mm. long, dark-grayish,
glabrous, densely covered with short rounded tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm. long,
pale-brown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DIsTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas and Coahuila to Hidalgo and Oaxaca.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. pl. 379; Ortega, Dec. pl. 1.

3. Allionia microchlamydea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 405. 1911.

Stems mostly solitary, erect, 4-8 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below the inflores-
cence, slender, glaucous below and glabrous, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 0.5-3.5
em. long, glabrous; leaf-blades narrowly deltoid-lanceolate or lance-deltoid, 3-7 cm. long,
0.6-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or truncate at the base and abruptly short-decurrent, gradually
narrowed to the obtuse apex, entire or sinuate-dentate, thick and succulent, green on the
upper surface, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, alternate, sparsely or densely viscid-pilose, the bracts
minute, the involucres numerous, slender-pedunculate, about 2.5 mm. long at anthesis, 4-6
mum. long in fruit, viscid-pilose, the lobes rounded-oval; flowers solitary in the perianth; fruit
broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, dark-gray, glabrous, densely covered with coarse rounded
tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 2 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TyrPE LocaLity: In rocky soil near Ixmiquilp4n, Hidalgo.
DISTRIBUTION: Stony hillsides, Querétaro and Hidalgo.

4. Allionia glabra (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Oxybaphus glaber S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 301. 1873.
Oxybaphus glaber recedens Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Allionia glabra recedens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 406. 1911.

Stems few or solitary, erect, 8-15 dm. high, usually simple wp to the inflorescence or with a
few sterile branches below, stout, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous; leaves distant, or crowded
below, sessile, the blades linear, 5-12 ecm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, long-attenuate to the base,
gradually narrowed to the obtuse or acttte apex, entire, thick and succulent, glaucous beneath,
glabrous; inflorescence a loose terminal panicle 1-4 dm. long, much branched, the branches
very slender, opposite, glabrous or sparsely short-pilose with viscid hairs; involucres slender-
pedunculate, at anthesis about 3.5 mm. long, in age 12-15 mm. broad, viscid-pilose or glabrous
and ciliate, shallowly lobed, the lobes ovate-orbicular, rounded at the apex; flowers usually
solitary, sometimes 2, in the involucre, mostly cleistogamous, the perianth about 7 mm. long,
white or pale-pink, glabrous; stamens 5, short-exserted; anthocarp obovoid, about 5 mm. long,
olivaceous, glabrous, the angles acute, narrow, smooth, the sides obtusely short-tuberculate
or rugose; seed broadly obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type Locauity: Kanab, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: In dry soil, southeastern Utah to Chihuahua, western Texas, and Kansas.

5. Allionia exaltata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355.
1909.
Oxybaphus exaliatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492, 1913.

Stems few or solitary from a stout woody root, erect, about 15 dm. high, stout, glabrous,
glaucescent below, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, the internodes elongate;

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 221

petioles stout, 3-10 mm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4.5-7
cm. long, 0.7—2 cm. wide, acute at the base and apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent,
often glaucous or glaucesvent beneath, glabrous; inflorescence a large open panicle, much
branched, the branches slender, ascending, glabrous or very sparsely short-pilose with viscid
hairs, the peduncles slender, elongate, short-pilose or glabrous, the involucres 3~4 mm. long
at anthesis, 10-12 mm. long in fruit, sparsely short-pilose or glabrous, the lobes short, rounded;
flowers usually 3 in each involucre; fruit obovoid, 4.5 mm. long, brownish, glabrous, the angles
acute, narrow, smooth, the sides transverse-rugulose; seed obovoid, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE LocaLity: Cimarron Valley, Cherokee Outlet, Oklahoma.
DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma.

6. Allionia Carletoni Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355.
1909.

Oxybaphus hirsutus Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 213. 1892. Not O. hirsutus Sweet, 1825.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 213. 1892. Not O. nyctagineus
pilosus A. Gray, 1859.

Oxybaphus Carletoni Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, erect, 6-12 dm. high, stout, glaucous below, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, densely viscid-pilose with short slender fulvous hairs; leaves
sessile or subsessile, the very stout broad petioles 4 mm. long or shorter, the blades broadly
deltoid-ovate to ovate or ovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long and 1-4 cm. wide, or larger, subcordate
to obtuse at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and
succulent, green, or often glaucous beneath, densely short-pilose with viscid hairs, or some-
times glabrate in age; inflorescence ample, paniculate, the branches stout, opposite, densely
viscid-pilose, the bracts very small, the peduncles slender, elongate, the involucres 5—6 mm.
long at anthesis, in age 12-18 mm. broad, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes broadly rounded;
flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth sparsely pilose, pink; stamens usually 3,
exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brown, glabrous, the angles acute, narrow, smooth, the
sides rugulose or obscurely tuberculate, conspicuously raphidulous; seed broadly obovoid,
3-3.5 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type Locality: Barber County, Kansas.

DistRIBUTION: Oklahoma and southern Kansas.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Il. Fl. ed. 2. f. 1730.

7. Allionia coccinea (Torr.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 339. 1909.

Oxybaphus coccineus Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 169. 1859.

Mirabilis coccinea Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 3. 1880.

Oxybaphus linearifolius S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.

Allionia linearifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis coccinea scabridata Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 186. 1901.
Allionia linearis coccinea M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 51. 2.
Allionia gracillima Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.

Allionia gracillima filifolia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.
Allionia gracillima scabridata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.
Allionia linearifolia filifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 120. 1913.

Stems solitary or numerous from an elongate woody root, erect or ascending, sparsely
or copiously branched, the branches very slender, glaucous, glabrous, ascending, the internodes
short or elongate; leaves numerous or few, sessile, the blades filiform or linear, 2-12 cm. long,
1-4 mm. wide, long-attenuate to each end, thick and succulent, glaucous or glaucescent, at
least beneath, glabrous; involucres slender-pedunculate, axillary and solitary in young plants
and mostly with cleistogamous flowers, in mature plants arranged in loose paniculate cymes,
these with slender, opposite, sparsely short-pilose branches; involucres at anthesis 4-5 mm.
long, short-pilose or puberulent, deeply lobed, the lobes oval-ovate, acute or acutish, slightly
accrescent in qge; flowers 1-3 in each involucre, the perianth 15-20 mm. long, deep purplish-
red, the tube 3-4 mm. in diameter, gradually widening upward, the limb 11-15 mm. broad,

deeply 5-lobed, the lobes retuse; stamens 5, exserted; anthocarp obovoid, 5 mm. long, oli-

222 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

vaceous, finely hirtellous, 5-lobed, the angles broad, smooth or tuberculate, the sulei coarsely
transverse-rugose; seed broadly obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.
TYPE Locality: Hillsides, Copper Mines [Santa Rita], New Mexico.

$ DistrrBution: Dry hillsides, southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern
onora.

8. Allionia gausapoides Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 406.
1911.

Mirabilis linearis subhispida Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 186. 1901.
Allionia linearis subhispide Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 342. 1909.
Allionia subhispida Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 120. 1913.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, stout, 3-8 dm. high, sparsely branched, glaucous
or glaucescent, densely hirsute at the base, viscid-puberulent or short-pilose above; leaves dis-
tant or crowded, sessile, the blades linear or lance-linear, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5~5 mm. wide,
attenuate to each end, entire, thick and succulent, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, densely
short-pilose or hirsute or sometimes glabrate; inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate,
sparsely branched, the branches slender, alternate, viscid-puberulent or densely villous;
involucres few, slender-pedunculate, solitary or clustered, at anthesis 3.5-5 mm. long, in age
about 15 mm. broad, densely viscid-villous with fulvous hairs, the lobes broadly rounded;
flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth about 1 cm. long, pink, sparsely short-pilose;
stamens 5, exserted; anthocarp obovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, short-hirtellous, olivaceous, the angles
broad, smooth, the sides coarsely transverse-rugose.

TyPE LocALITY: Region of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi.
DISTRIBUTION: In dry soil, New Mexico and western ‘Texas to San Luis Potesf.

9. Allionia linearis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 728. 1814.

Calymenia angustifolia Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Calymenia decumbens Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Allionia decumbens Spreng. Syst. 1: 384. 1825.

Oxybaphus angustifolius Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus decumbens Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus angustifolius linearis Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849.
Oxybaphus angustifolius decumbens Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 433. 1849.
Mirabilis angustifolia MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 216. 1892.
Oxybaphus Bodini Holz. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 287. 1893.
Allionia Bodini Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 354. 1894,

Allionia Bushii Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 223. 1895.

Oxybaphus angustifolius viscidus Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 6: 313. 1896.
Mirabilis nyctaginea angustifolia Heimer\, Beitr. Syst. Nyct.22. 1897.
Allionia diffusa Heller, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 33. 1898.

Mirabilis linearis Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: age 1901.
Allionia glandulifera A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 364. 1902

Allionia divaricata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 691. 1902.

Allionia viscida Cockerell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1904: 108. poe
Allionia montanensis Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 1: 39.

Mirabilis decumbens Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: O46. 1907.
Oxybaphus linearis B. I,. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 31. 1908.

Allionia petrophila Standley, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.
Allionia Vaseyi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 343. 1909.
Allionia pinetorum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 344. 1909.
Allionia pilosa decumbens A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173. 1909.
Allionia linearis Bodini A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 174. 1909.

Plants erect or decumbent, 1-12 dm. high, the stems solitary or several, simple or branched
below, the branches ascending, slender or stout, glaucous, often nearly white, glabrous below
or bifariously puberulent, viscid-puberulent or short-villous above, the internodes short or
elongate; leaves numerous or few, sometimes crowded, the blades narrowly linear to lance-
linear, 3-10 cm. long, 1-5 or rately 12 mm. wide, attenuate and sessile at the base or gradually
narrowed to a short stout marginate petiole, narrowed to the obtuse or actite apex, entire,
thick and succulent, usually glaucous, at least beneath, often ciliate, glabrous, or those of the
uppermost leaves viscid-puberulent; involucres slender-pedunculate, usually all axillary in
young plants and with cleistogamous flowers, the plants in age developing a Igosely branched
cymose panicle, the branches slender, opposite or alternate, viscid-puberulent or short-villous
with mostly fulvous hairs, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves, these sessile,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 223

linear to broadly ovate; involucre at anthesis about 4 mm. long, densely viscid-villous with
fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate-orbicular or oval, rounded or acutish at the apex, the involucres
in age 12-20 mm. broad, the lobes rounded, conspicuously veined; flowers usually 3 in each
involucre, the perianth about 10 mm. long, sparsely pilose, pale-pink to purplish-red, the limb
deeply lobed, the lobes retuse; anthocarp 4.5-5 mm. long, obovoid, brownish or olivaceous,
the angles smooth, the sides coarsely transverse-rugose; seed rounded-obovoid, 3 mm. long,
pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE Locality: ‘Upper Louisiana.”

DISTRIBUTION: Usually in dry soil, South Dakota to Montana, Arizona, San Luis Potosi,
Texas, and western Missouri, rarely adventive eastward.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1419, 1421; ed. 2, f. 1726; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
1: pl. 21; Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. $l. 8, f. 1.

10. Allionia decipiens Standley, sp. nov.

Allionia divaricaia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 342, in part. 1909. Not A. divaricata

Rydb. 1902.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, 3-8 dm. high, slender, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, green, bifariously puberulent or glabrate, the internodes
elongate, usually longer than the leaves; petioles slender, 0.2-3.5 cm. long, or the uppermost
leaves sessile, the blades lanceolate to linear, 2.5-12 em. long, 2.5-10 or rarely 20 mm. wide,
obtuse to attenuate at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire, bright-green,
usually ciliate but otherwise glabrous; inflorescence loosely cymese-paniculate, the branches
slender, alternate, viscid-villous with short fulvous hairs; involucres usually crowded, on
short slender peduncles, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis, 10-12 mm. broad in fruit, densely viscid-
villous, the lobes ovate-oval, rounded or obtuse at the apex; flowers 3 in each involucre, the
perianth 8-10 mm, long, deep purplish-red, sparsely short-pilose, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes
retuse; fruit obovoid, 4.5 mm. long, olivaceous, minutely hirtellous, the angles smooth, the
sides transverse-rugose; seed oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type collected in an oak thicket, Brazos Canyon, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, August.

24, 1914, P. C. Standley & H.C. Bollman 10743 (U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 689453).
DIstTRIBUTION: Mountain slopes, Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado.

11. Allionia hirsuta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 728. 1814.

Calymenia pilosa Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Calymenia hirsuta Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus pilosus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus hirsutus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus hirsutus integrifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859.

Mirabilis hirsuta MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 217. 1892.

Mirabilis nyctaginea hirsuta Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea pilosa Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, in part. 1897.

Allionia pilosa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 690. 1902.

Allionia aggregaia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 692. 1902. Not A. aggregata Spreng. 1825.

Allionia hirsuta rotundifolia Lunell, Bull. Leeds Herb. 2: 6. 1908.

Allionia hirsuta coloradensis Standley, Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb. 12: 353. 1909.

Allionia chersophila Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 354. 1909.

Allionia hirsuta aggregata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909. .

Allionia pilosa decumbens A, Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909. Not Calymenia
decumbens Nutt. 1818.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, 2-10 dm. high, usually very stout, simple or
sparsely branched below the inflorescence, green or glaucescent, densely hirsute or long-pilose
near the base and usually up to the inflorescence, sometimes merely puberulent, but always
hirsute about the nodes, the internodes usually elongate; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, very
stout, ttsually wanting; leaf-blades mostly ovate-oblong, sometimes lance-linear or broadly
ovate, 3-11 cm. long, 0.4-5 cm. wide, subcordate to long-attenuate at the base, gradually
narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent or some-
times thin, usually bright-green, densely hirsute or loug-pilose or often merely viscid-puberulent
or, in age, glabrate; inflorescence in young plants often wholly of axillary involucres, in mature
plants cymose-paniculate, copiously or sparsely branched, the branches mostly opposite,
densely viscid-pilose, bearing few reduced bractlike leaves; involucres commonly 3-flowered,

224 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumME 21

slender-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long in anthesis, in age 10-18 mm. long, densely or sparsely
viscid-pilose, the lobes broad, rounded or obtuse; perianth 8-10 mm. long, sparsely pilose,
pink; stamens 3—5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, densely short-
pilose, the angles broad, smooth or nearly so, the sides rugose or short-tuberculate; seed obo-
void, 3 mm. long, brownisb-stramineous.

Type LocaLiry: ‘Upper Louisiana.”

DIstRIBUTION: Dry fields and hillsides, Wyoming to Manitoba and Wisconsin, southward to

Missouri, Texas, and New Mexico; rarely adventive eastward.
InLustrRations: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1418; ed. 2, f. 1728.

12. Allionia pauciflora (Buckl.) Standley.

Oxybaphus pauciflorus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862: 7. 1862.
Allionia gigantea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348. 1909,
Oxybaphus giganteus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems solitary or few, 5-15 dm. high, erect or decumbent, very stout, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, green or glaucescent, densely puberulent throughout, the
internodes usually short; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, very stout, most of the leaves sessile;
leaf-blades ovate-oblong to rhombic-ovate, ovate-deltoid, or rounded-ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long,
1.5-7.5 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base and often abruptly short-decurrent,
rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire or subsinuate, bright-green, or glaucescent beneath,
thick and succulent, densely puberulent or sometimes glabrate; inflorescence paniculate,
copiously or sparsely branched, the branches slender or stout, opposite, densely viscid-puberu-
lent or short-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres slender-
pedunculate, mostly 3-flowered, about 4 mm. long at anthesis, 8-12 mm. long in fruit, densely
or sparsely pilose, the lobes short, rounded; perianth about 8 mm. long, pale-pink, short-
pilose, the limb about 12 mm. broad; stamens 3-5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm.
long, dark-olivaceous, hirtellous, the angles broad, coarsely tuberculate or composed of large
distinct tubercles, the sides also tuberculate; seed obovoid, 3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

Tyre LocALity: On the San Saba River, north of Fort Mason, Texas.
Distripution: Oklahoma and Texas.

13. Allionia albida Walt. Fl. Car. 84. 1788.

Calymenia albida Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus albidus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2: 429. 1827.

Calymenia granulata Raf. Aut. Bot. 15. 1840.

Oxybaphus angustifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 433, in part. 1849. Not O. angustifolius

Sweet. 27.

Mirabilis nyctaginea albida Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis albida Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 182. 1901.

Mirabilis albida uniflora Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 182. 1901.

Allionia bracteata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 690. 1902.

Allionia decumbens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 692. 1902. Not A. decumbens Spreng. 1825.

Allionia lanceolata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355, in part. 1909. Not A. lanceolata
Rydb. 1902.

Allionia lanceolata uniflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355. 1909.

Stems solitary or few, 2-12 dm. high, erect or decumbent, stout or slender, simple or
sparsely branched below the inflorescence, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously
puberulent, the internodes elongate or often very short; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, stout,
usually wanting; leaf-blades mostly narrowly lanceolate, sometimes linear to ovate, 4.5-10
em. long, 0.3-2.8 em. wide, acute to long-attenuate at the base, gradually narrowed to the ob-
tuse or acutish apex, entire or subsinuate, usually thick and succulent, bright-green, or often
very glaucous beneath, glabrous or very sparsely short-pilose; inflorescence often wholly of
axillary involucres in young plants, in mature plants cymose-paniculate, copiously branched,
the branches slender or stout, opposite or alternate, puberulent or shortly viscid-pilose, often
bearing very numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres 1-3-flowered, slender-pedunculate,
about 4 mm. long at anthesis, 8-14 mm. long in fruit, densely or sparsely viscid-pilose, the
lobes short, rounded; perianth 8~10 mm. long, pale-pink, sparsely pilose; stamens 3-5, exserted;
fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, short-hirtellous, the angles broad and coarsely

Part 3, 1918} ALLIONIACEAE 225

tuberculate or composed of distinct tubercles, the sides also tuberculate; seed obovoid, 3.5 mm.
long, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE LocaLity: South Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION: Meadows and hillsides, South Carolina and Georgia to Tennessee, Kansas,
and Texas.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1417; ed. 2, f. 1727.

14. Allionia lanceolata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 691. 1902.
Allionia sessilifolia Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 611. 1905.

Stems few or solitary, erect or ascending, 4-10 dm. high, stout, simple or sparsely branched
below the inflorescence, sparsely puberulent or glabrate below, short-pilose above with mostly
viscid hairs, the internodes short or elongate; leaf-blades sessile or on very stout petioles 4 mm.
long or shorter, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, usually rounded at
the base but sometimes obtuse or acute, gradually narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex,
entire or subsinuate, bright-green, or glaucescent beneath, glabrous or sparsely short-pilose,
usually ciliolate; inflorescence paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, opposite,
shortly viscid-pilose; involucres slender-pedunculate, about 4 mm. long at anthesis, in age
about 1 cm. long, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes oval, rounded at the apex; flowers usually 3
in each involucre, the perianth about 8 mm. long, sparsely pilose, pink; stamens 5, exserted;
fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, finely hirtellous, the angles narrow, smooth, the
sides rugose or short-tuberculate; seed obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

Type LocaLity: Estes Park, Larimer County, Colorado.
DistRiBuTION: Southern Wyoming and northern Colorado.

15. Allionia aggregata (Ortega) Spreng. Syst. 1: 384. 1825.

Calyxhymenia aggregata Ortega, Dec. 81. 1798.

Mirabilis aggregata Cav. Ic. 5: 22. 1799,

Calymenia aggregata Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 37. 1805.

Oxybaphus aggregatus Vahl, Enum. 2: 41. 1806.

Allionia albida Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 352, in part. 1894. Not A. albida Walt. 1788.
Mirabilis pseudaggregata Heimer!, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 183. 1901.

Mirabilis pseudaggregata subhirsuta Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 184. 1901.
Mirabilis pseudaggregata eglandulosa Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 184. 1901.
Allionia trichodonta Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 354. _ 1909.

Allionia pseudaggregata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 356. 1909.

Allionia pseudaggregata subhirsuta Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 356. 1909.
Allionia hirsuta aggregata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909.
Oxybaphus pseudaggregatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.

Stems few or numerous, stout, erect or decumbent, 1.5-10 dm. high, sparsely branched
or simple below the inflorescence, usually glabrous below but sometimes bifariously puberulent
or short-pilose, glabrate, puberulent, or short-pilose above with mostly viscid hairs, or rarely
sparsely hirsute, the internodes usually elongate; leaf-blades sessile or on very short stout peti-
oles, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, lance-obleng, or lance-ovate, 1.2-10 cm. long, 0.3-3 cm.
wide, acute to long-attenuate at the base, gradually narrowed to the acute or obtuse apex,
entire or sinuate, thick and succulent, green, or glaucescent beneath, glabrous or sparsely
hirsute or short-pilose, often ciliate; involucres usually all axillary in young plants, in mature
plants arranged in an ample cymose inflorescence, this sparsely branched, the branches slender,
alternate, viscid-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves, the involucres
slender-pedunculate, viscid-pilose, at anthesis 4-5 mm. long, in age 6-9 mm. long, the lobes
ovate or oval, acutish or rounded; flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth 8-10 mm.
long, sparsely pilose, pink; stamens 3-5, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5-5 mm. long,
brownish or olivaceous, short-hirtellous, the angles broad, smooth or nearly so, the sides
rugose or short-tuberculate; seed oval or obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE Locality: Mexico. .
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Chihuahua to the State of Mexico.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Ortega, Dec. pl. 11; Cav. Ic. pl. 437,

16. Allionia coahuilensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 347.
1909.

Allionia Greggii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348. 1909.
Oxybaphus coahuilensis Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.

226 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuUME 21

Stems few, from a thick woody root, erect, 6-10 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched
below the inflorescence, stout, glaucescent, densely puberulent below, short-pilose above;
petioles stout, 1.5 cm. long or shorter, very short in the uppermost leaves, pilose; leaf-blades
ovate, ovate-oblong, or deltoid-lanceolate, 2.5-5 em. long, 0.7-2 cm. wide, obtuse or truncate
at the base and decurrent, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, entire or undulate, succu-
lent, thick-coriaceous when dry, glaucescent beneath, densely puberulent or short-pilose;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, copiously branched, the branches rather slender, mostly
alternate, densely viscid-pilose, bearing numerous reduced bractlike sessile leaves; involucres
numerous, 3-flowered, short-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis, about 8 mm. long in fruit,
densely viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate-orbicular,
broadly obtuse; perianth 10-12 mm. long, sparsely pilose; stamens 5, exserted; fruit obovoid,
4-5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, minutely pilose, the angles broad, smooth, the sides
rugulose or short-tuberculate; seed broadly obovoid, 2-3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type Locality: Saltillo, Coahuila.
DisTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

17. Allionia pumila Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345.
1909.

~
Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859. Not
Allionia pilosa Nutt. 1818.
Allionia Brandegei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346. 1909.
Allionia pachyphylla Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346. 1909,
saat atc Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348, in part. 1909. Not A. comata Small,

Oxybaphus Brandegei Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492, 1913.

Stems few or usually numerous, from a thick woody root, ascending or procumbent,
1-5 dm. long, very stout, much branched, the branches mostly divaricate, sometimes ascending,
whitish, densely pilose with short soft hairs, or rarely glabrate in age, the internodes usually
elongate; petioles stout, 2.5 em. long or shorter, those of the uppermost leaves usually very
short, densely pilose; leaf-blades mostly deltoid or ovate-deltoid, 1.5-5 cm. long, 1.3-4 cm.
wide, truncate or subcordate at the base and often abruptly short-decurrent, rounded to
acutish at the apex, entire or subsinuate, very thick and succulent, thick-coriaceous when
dry, yellowish-green above, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, densely puberulent or short-
pilose; inflorescence in young plants often wholly of axillary involucres, in mature plants a
small narrow cyme, this sparsely branched, the branches stout, alternate, densely viscid-
pilose, usually with numerous small broad reduced bractlike leaves; involucres few, short-
pedunculate, 3-flowered, at anthesis 3~4 mm. long, in age about 8 mm. long, densely viscid-
pilose with short fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate-orbicular, rounded or acutish; perianth 8-10
mum. long, sparsely pilose, pale-pink, the limb about 12 mm. broad, stamens usually 3, long-
exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, short-pilose, the angles narrow,
smooth, or rugose on their sides, the sides of the fruit rugulose; seed broadly obovoid, 2.5-3
m1. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TyPE Locality: Kingman, Arizona.

Distrrmvrion: Dry plains and hillsides, western New Mexico to Nevada and southeastern
California. . ‘

18. Allionia rotundifolia Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 33. 1901.
Allionia polytricha Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346, 1909,

Stems few, from a thick woody root, erect or ascending, 3-7 dm. long, very stout, sparsely
branched, the branches ascending, pale, densely hirsute below with stiff fulvous hairs, the
internodes elongate; petioles very stout, those of the lowest leaves one third as long as the
blades, those of the upper leaves very short or wanting, hirsute; leaf-blades ovate-deltoid to
deltoid-orbicular or even orbicular, 7 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or smaller, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, obtuse to rounded at the apex, thick-coriaceous, entire, yellowish-green,
above, usually glaucescent beneath, more or less hirsute when young, especially along the veins,
glabrate in age; inflorescence cymose, sparsely branched, the branches stout, alternate, densely

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 227

viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, bearing numerous reduced sessile bractlike leaves; involucres
few, short-pedunculate, 3-flowered, at anthesis 4-6 mm. long, densely viscid-pilose with short
fulvous hairs, the lobes broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, rounded or acutish at the apex;

perianth sparsely pilose; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, puberulent, the angles narrow, smooth,
the sides rugulose.

‘TYPE LOCALITY: Swallow’s, between Pueblo and Canyon City, Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

19. Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 100. 1803.

Allionia ovata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 97. 1814.

Calymenia nyctaginea Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Calyxhymenia paniculata Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. 390. 1829.

Allionta cucullata Fisch. Mey. & Avé-Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 9: 55. 1843.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius minor Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 431. 1849.

Oxybaphus Cervantesii grandifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13%: 433. 1849.

Oxybaphus floribundus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849.

Oxybaphus cucullatus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 434. 1849.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus latifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859.
Oxybaphus nyctagineus oblongifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859.
Allionia floribunda Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis nyctaginea MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 217. 1892.

Allionia nyctaginea ovata Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 146. 1894.

Mirabilis nyctaginea oblongifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, excluding description. 1897.
Mirabilis oblongifolia Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 181, excluding description. 1901.
Allionia oblongifolia Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 407, excluding description. 1903.

Allionia latifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 350. 1909.

Allionia foliosa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 409. 1911.

Stems numerous from an elongate, somewhat fleshy root, erect or decumbent, stout,
3-12 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below, green or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously
puberulent; petioles slender, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; leaf-blades mostly
deltoid or ovate-deltoid, sometimes ovate-cordate, ovate, or ovate-oblong, 4-12 cm. long,
1.5-9 cm. wide, cordate to rounded at the base, acute to attenuate at the apex or rarely
rounded, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green, glabrous, usually ciliolate; inflorescence
sometimes wholly of axillary involucres but usually cymose, the cymes small and dense, leafy,
the branches alternate, slender, pilose; involucres on slender elongate peduncles, 3-flowered,
5-6 mm. long in anthesis, in age 10-17 mm. long, puberulent or short-pilose near the base,
the lobes short, rounded or obtuse, often apiculate, glabrous, long-ciliate; perianth about 10
min. long, glabrous or very sparsely villous, white or-pale-pink, the limb 12-15 mm. broad;
stamens 3-5, exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-brown or olivaceous, densely short-
pilose, the angles broad, more or less rugulose, the sides rugulose or finely tuberculate; seed
broadly obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

TYPE LOCALITY: Banks of the Tennessee River.

DistrrputiIon: Montana to Wisconsin, southward to Colorado, Texas, and Alabama; Oaxaca;
frequently adventive in the eastern United States.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1416; ed. 2. f. 1729; Iowa Geol. Surv. Bull. 4: f. 68.

20. Allionia Grayana Standley, sp. nov.

Oxybaphus nyciagineus latifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859.
Allionia nyctaginea latifolia Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 352, in part. 1894.
Allionia latifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 350, excluding synonym. 1909.

Stems erect, 3-12 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, glauces-
cent, glabrous below or bifariously puberulent; petioles slender or stout, 0.5-2 cm. long, the
uppermost leaves often sessile; leaf-blades deltoid or rounded-deltoid, sometimes broadly
ovate, 2.5-5.5 em. long, 1.5-3.5 em. wide, subcordate, truncate, or rounded at the base, rounded
or very obtuse at the apex or rarely acute, entire or subundulate, subcoriaceous when dry,
often glaucescent beneath, sparsely pilose or glabrous, often ciliolate; inflorescence cymose-
paticulate, usually much branched, the branches slender, mostly opposite, viscid-pilose, usually
bearing numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres numerous, 3-flowered, slender-peduncu-
late, 4-5 mm. long in anthesis, 10-14 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes rounded-
ovate, commonly rounded at the apex but sometimes acutish; perianth about 10 mm. long,

228 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

sparsely pilose, pink; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 4 mm. long, dark-
brown, finely pilose, the angles narrow, tuberculate, the sides finely and closely tuberculate;
seed broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type collected in western Texas in 1849, Charles Wright 603 (U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 22766).
DIsTRIBUTION: Western Texas.

21. Allionia suffruticosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 408.
1911.

Plants suftrutescent below and much branched, 3-5 dm. high, the branches slender, terete,
ascending, glaucescent and glabrous below, the middle internodes greenish, bifariously puberu-
lent, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 5-10 mm. long, glabrous or minutely puberulent;
leaf-blades deltoid or deltoid-ovate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, entire or subundulate, thin,
bright-green, sparsely pilose or glabrous, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse or acute
at the apex; inflorescence of few small cymes, these sparsely branched, the branches very
slender, alternate, viscid-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced sessile bractlike leaves;
involucres few, 3-flowered, 5 mm. long at anthesis, 8 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose
with fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate or oval, rounded or obtuse; perianth 10-12 mm. long, sparsely
pilose, pink; fruit broadly obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-brown, sparsely short-pilose, the angles
very prominent, composed of distinct tubercles, the sides broad, very finely tuberculate; seed
broadly obovoid, 3.5 mm. Jong, brownish-stramineous.

Tyrg LocaLrity: Los Naranjos, Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca.

22. Allionia comata Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 407. 1903.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus Cervantesii A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859. Not

Calyxhymenia Cervantesii Desf. 1829.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus oblongifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859.
Oxybaphus viscosus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3:3,in part. 1882. NotO.viscosus1/Hér. 1849,
Oxybaphus Cervantesii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 142. 1883.

Allionia nyctaginea Cervantesii Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 352. 1894. Not A. Cervantesié

Steud. 1840.

Mirabilis nyctaginea setigera Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea oblongifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, in part. 1897.
Mirabilis nyctaginea Cervantesti Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea alpicola Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Allionia pratensis Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 351. 1909.

Allionia melanotricha Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 351. 1909.
Oxybaphus melanotrichus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Oxybaphus comatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Oxybaphus pratensis Weatherby, Proc, Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, from a woody root, usually erect, sometitnes decumbent, 3-12 dm.
high, stout or slender, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, sometimes with
weak sterile branches at the base, green, or glaucescent below, glabrous below or bifariously
puberulent, very rarely pilose with soft viscid fulvous hairs, pilose or short-pilose above but
the pubescence usually bifarious below the inflorescence, the internodes usually elongate;
petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, glabrous or puberulent, rarely white-pilose in the earliest leaves;
leaf-blades usually elongate-deltoid but sometimes deltoid, ovate, or lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long,
0.8-5.5 cm. wide, subcordate or truncate at the base or sometimes cordate, obtuse, or acutish,
acute or attenuate at the apex or often obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or subundulate, thin,
bright-green, sparsely viscid-puberulent or short-pilose or glabrous, commonly ciliolate;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, usually narrow and sparsely branched, sometimes broad and
loosely branched, the branches slender, alternate, viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, bearing
very few bractlike leaves; involucres few or numerous, usually short-pedunculate, 3-5 mm.
long at anthesis, about 8 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose with fulvous or often black
hairs, the lobes oval-oblong, usually longer than the tube and rounded at the apex; perianth
10-12 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely pilose, the limb sometimes 20 mm. broad; stamens
3-5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 3-4.5 mm. long, brownish- or blackish-olivaceous, minutely

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 229

pilose, the angles broad, usually tuberculate, the sides coarsely or finely tuberculate; seed
obovoid, 2~3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.
TYPE LOcALIty: New Mexico, probably about Santa Rita.

DISTRIBUTION: Meadows and thickets in the mountains, Arizona to western Texas, southward
to Sonora and Puebla.

23. Allionia longipes Standley, sp. nov.
Allionia melanotricha Standley, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 409, in part. 1911.

Plants about a meter high, copiously branched below, the branches stout, ascending,
glaucescent, bifariously puberulent, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 2-5.5 cm. long,
puberulent; leaf-blades deltoid-cordate, 2-5.5 em. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, deeply cordate at the
base and subdecurrent, acute or attenuate at the apex, entire, thin, bright-green, minutely
puberulent or glabrate, ciliolate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, about 30 em. long, copiously
branched, the branches chiefly alternate, stout, viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, very sparsely
bracteate; involucres numerous, 3-flowered, slender-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis
and 7-8 mm. in fruit, densely fulvous-pilose, the lobes short, deltoid-ovate or rounded-ovate,
acute or acutish, at least in fruit; perianth about 12 mm. long, sparsely pilose; stamens 3,
short-exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, densely short-pilose, the
angles broad, smooth or slightly, rugulose, the sides rugulose; seed obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-
brown.

Type collected in the vicinity of Durango, State of Durango, in 1896, Edward Palmer 261 (U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 304437).

24. Allionia ciliata Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345.
1909.
Oxybaphus aggregaitus A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 168. 1859. Not O. aggregatus
Vahl, 1806.

Allionia deltoidea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.
Oxybaphus ciliatifolius Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492, 1913.

Stems few, from a slender woody root, 2-4 dm. high, rather slender, copiously branched,
glaucous, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, the lower internodes short, the upper elongate;
petioles stout, 0.5-2 cm. long, sparsely pilose with stout white hairs; leaf-blades elongate-
deltoid, ovate-deltoid, or deltoid-lanceolate, 0.5-1.8 em. wide, entire or subundulate, succulent,
coriaceous when dry, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, sparsely pilose or glabrate, long-ciliate,
at least near the base; inflorescence of numerous small dense cymes, or of axillary involucres
in young plants, the branches slender, puberulent and pilose; involucres 3-flowered, short-
pedunculate, about 4 mm. long at anthesis and 8 mm. in fruit, densely white-pilose, the lobes
short, broadly ovate or ovate-orhbicular, acute or acutish, at least in age; perianth about 1 cm.
long, very sparsely pilose or glabrous, the limb about 15 mm. broad; stamens 5, exserted;
fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5-4 mm. long, dark-brown, sparsely and minutely pilose, the angles
broad, obscurely rugulose, the sides also slightly rugulose; seed globose-obovoid, 2 mm. long,
pale-brown.

Type LocaLity: Smiths Run, western T exas.
DistRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.

25. Allionia violacea L. Syst. ed. 10. 890. 1759.

Oxybaphus violaceus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 432. 1849.
Oxybaphus violaceus parviflorus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13%: 432. 1849.
Mirabilis violacea Heimerl‘ Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Allionia mollis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.

Stems few or numerous, slender, ascending or procumbent, 2-10 dm. long, much branched,
the branches slender, green, bifariously puberulent or glabrate, sometimes viscid-pilose, the
internodes much elongate; petioles slender, 1~6 cm. long, sparsely or densely pilose; leaf-blades
mostly broadly ovate-deltoid, sometimes ovate-oblong or elongate-deltoid, 2~8 cm. long,
1.5-5 em. wide, subcordate or truncate at the base, usually attenuate or long-attenuate at
the apex, rarely obtuse or rounded, entire or subundulate, thin, bright-green, sparsely puberu-

230 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

lent or short-pilose or glabrate; inflorescence cymose, the cymes usually small and congested,
or open in age, often leafy, the branches very slender, viscid-pilose; involucres few, on long or
short, slender peduncles, about 3 mm. long in anthesis, in fruit 5-6 mm. long, green, viscid-
pilose, the lobes triangular-ovate, unequal, usually acute or acuminate; perianth 6-8 mm.
long, purplish-red, viscid-pilose; stamens usually 3, short-exserted; fruit obovoid, 3.5~4 mm.
long, terete, dark-brown or blackish, short-pilose, sparsely and irregularly tuberculate; seed
oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm, long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type LOocALIty: Cumana, Venezuela.

DisTRIBUTION: Veracruz and Mexico (State) to Yucatén and Costa Rica; also in Colombia
and Venezuela.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

ALLIONIA CERVANTESII (Sweet) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 50. 1840. (Oxybaphus
Cervaniestt Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 1: pl. 8z. 1825.) Described from cultivated plants said
to have come from South America. The species has often been reported from Mexico, but
no North American specimens seen by the writer agree with the original description and
illustration.

ALLIONIA coRDATA (Kunze) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891. (Oxybaphus cordifolius
Kunze; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 432. 1849.) Reported doubtfully from Mexico by Choisy
(in DC. Prodr. 137: 432, 1849). The species appears to be exclusively South American:

OXYBAPHUS ovatus (R. & P.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 41. 1806. (Calyxhymenia ovata R. &
P. Fl. Per. 1: 45. 1798.) Reported doubtfully from Mexico by Choisy (in DC. Prodr. 13?:
431. 1849), but the specimens upon which the report was made were, undoubtedly, wrongly
identified, the species being a South American one.

21. ALLIONIELLA Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 687. 1902.

Perennial herbs with dichotomous stems, the branches swollen at the nodes, more or less
glandular-pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades broad, entire or nearly so.
Flowers involucrate; involucre 3-flowered, broadly campanulate at anthesis, nearly rotate
when mature and slightly accrescent, green and calyx-like, 5-lobed, the lobes unequal, erect,
imbricate; perianth short-funnelform, corolla-like, purplish-red, the tube short, stout, con-
stricted above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 3, unequal; fila-
ments capillary, free; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma
capitate. Anthocarp coriaceous, ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely transverse-ridged, glabrous.
Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the
copious farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Quamoclidion oxybaphoides A. Gray.

1. Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club
29: 687. 1902.

Quamoclidion oxybaphoides A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 320. 1853.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.
Oxybaphus Wrightit Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 3. 1882.

Allionia oxybaphoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides glabrata Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 180. 1901.
Allioniella oxybaphoides glabrata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 357. 1909.

Plants ascending or decumbent, from a thick fleshy root, much branched, usually forming
dense clumps 4-12 dm. in diameter, the branches slender, green or whitish, densely viscid-
villous with short hairs, or rarely glabrate, the internodes elongate; petioles slender or stout,
1-4 cm. long, viscid-villous or glabrate; leaf-blades deltoid-cordate or deltoid, often broadly
so, 1.5-7 cm. long, 1.5—6 cm. wide, usually cordate at the base and broadly short-decurrent,
sometimes truncate, acute to attenuate at the apex, often abruptly so, entire or undulate,
thin, bright-green, viscid-villous, especially when young, or glabrate, ciliate; inflorescence
cymose or axillary, the cymes few-flowered, leafy; peduncles slender, solitary, usually longer
than the involucres, viscid-villous; involucres about 5 mm. long at anthesis and 1-1.5 em.
broad in age, viscid-villous, the lobes narrowly or broadly triangular, acute or attenuate,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 231

very unequal, usually longer than the tube; perianth 7-10 mm. long, sparsely pilose or
glabrate, the limb 6-8 mm. broad; fruit ellipsoid or subglobose, 2.5-3 mm. !ong, olivaceous,
marked with small elongate black spots or slightly elevated transverse ridges.

TPE Locality: East of El Paso, Texas.

DIstR1IBsuTION: Dry stony or brushy hillsides, southern Colorado and Utah to Arizona and
western Texas.

22. QUAMOCLIDION Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 429. 1849.

Perennial herbs, with repeatedly dichotomous stems, glabrous or glandular-pubescent,
the branches swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades broad, succulent,
entire. Flowers involucrate; involucre 3-8-flowered, campanulate, 4—5-lobed, calyx-like,
green or colored, slightly accrescent in age, the lobes erect, imbricate; perianth funnelform or
nearly tubular, corolla-like, purplish or deep-red, the tube slender or stout, constricted above
the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 5, unequal; filaments capillary,
incurved, connate at the base into a short fleshy cup; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid;
style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, papillose. Anthocarp coriaceous, oblong or obovoid
to ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely 5-angulate and rugulose, glabrous or puberulent. Seed with
the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the copious
farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis triflora Benth.

Perianth 2-2.5 cm. long, the limb scarcely broader than the tube; involucre
3-flowered; stamens long-exserted. 1. Q. triflorum.
Perianth 4-6 cm. long, the limb much broader than the tube; involucre with
more than 3 flowers; stamens only slightly if at all exserted.
Fruit angulate, slightly tuberculate; plants glabrous throughout, or obscurely
puberulent on the young peduncles. 2. Q. Greenei.
Fruit terete, smooth; plants copiously pubescent, at least on the stems.
Perianth glandular-villous outside; fruit olive and brown, with 10 light-

colored vertical lines. 3. Q. Froebeliz.
Perianth glabrous or sparsely puberulent; fruit dark-brown to black. 4. Q. multiflorum.

1. Quamoclidion triflorum (Benth.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis iriflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839.
Ouamoclidion nyctagineum Choisy, in DC. Prodr, 132: 429. 1849.

Plants erect or decumbent, much branched, the branches slender or stout, densely viscid-
puberulent; petioles slender, 6-30 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate, or the upper-
most narrowly cordate-ovate, 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, cordate at the base, acute
to attenuate at the apex, usually abruptly so, thin, bright-green, viscid-pubernlent when
young, glabrate in age, the leaves of the inflorescence much reduced, bractlike; peduncles
axillary or glomerate at the ends of the branches, 2-12 mm. long; involucre 4-lobed, 3-flowered,
broadly campanulate, 8-12 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent with short hairs, the lobes
unequal, longer than the tube, broadly ovate, abruptly or gradually acute or attenuate;
perianth deep-red, tubular, 2-2.5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, densely viscid-puberulent, the
limb not broader than the ttbe, shallowly and obtusely lobed; filaments exserted 7-12 mm.;
fruit eliptic-oblong in outline, 5 mm. long, nearly black, rugulose.

vez Locairy: Bolafios, Jalisco.

DIstRIBUTION: Cape Region of Lower California, and Jalisco.
IntusTRation: F. & P. Nat. Pfl. 315: 7.7, A.

2. Quamoclidion Greenei (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis Greenei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 253. 1876.

Plants erect or ascending, 4-6 dm. high, sparsely branched, glabrous throughout or
sparsely and obscurely puberulent on the young peduncles, the branches stout, grayish-green;
petioles stout, 0.4-3 cm. long; leaf-blades rhombic-orbicular, orbicular-ovate, or oblong-ovate,
4.5-7.5 cm. long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, broadly rounded to obtuse at the base and usually short-

232 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

decurrent, acute or obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex, thick and succulent, glaucescent;
peduncles axillary or in terminal cymes, 1-5.5 cm. long, stout, the leaves of the inflorescence
much reduced and bractlike, often deciduous; involucre campanulate, 2.5—4.5 cm. long, green
or tinged with red, the 5 lobes equaling or shorter than the tube, broadly ovate or oval, obtuse
to acute, usually abruptly apiculate; perianth 3.5-5 ‘cm. long, purplish-red, glabrous, the
tube 5-6 mm. in diameter, abruptly expanded into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2.5~3 em. broad;
stamens equaling the perianth; fruit obovoid-oblong, 5 mm. long, nearly black, 5-angulate,
rugulose, obscurely puberulent or glabrate.

TyPE Locatity: Mountain sides about Yreka, California.
DistRiBurion: In dry soil, northern California from Tehama County to Siskiyou County.

3. Quamoclidion Froebelii (Behr) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 359. 1909.

Oxybaphus Froebelii Behr, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 69. 1855.

Mirabilis multiflora pubescens S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 2. 1880.

Mirabilis Froebelii Greene, Bull. Sa Acad, 1: 124. 1885.

Mirabilis multiflora Froebelii M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 49. 1902.
Quamoclidion Froebelii glabratum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 360. 1909.
Mirabilis Froebelii glabrata Jepson, Fl. Calif. 458. 1914.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, densely
short-villous and viscid throughout, or rarely glabrate; petioles stout, 0.3-3 cm. long; leaf-
blades broadly deltoid-ovate, reniform-orbicular, rounded-ovate, or oblong-ovate, 4-10 cm
long, 2~7.5 em. wide, rounded to broadly cordate at the base and short-decurrent, rounded to
acute at the apex, often abruptly acute or apiculate, thick and succulent, pale-green, densely
short-villous or puberulent and viscid on both surfaces or rarely glabrate; peduncles numerous,
0.4-3.5 cm. long, solitary in the lower axils and cymosely clustered at the ends of the branches,
the cymes usually very leafy, the subtending leaves often much reduced and bractlike; in-
volucre campanulate, usually 6-8-flowered, 2.2-3.5 cm. long, densely short-villous and glandu-
lar-puberulent, the 5 lobes equaling or usually shorter than the tube, triangular to ovate-
oblong, acute or obtuse; perianth purplish-red, 3.5~4.5 cm. long, short-villous and viscid
outside, the tube 4-8 mm. in diameter, expanded into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2—2.5 cm. broad;
stamens equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth; fruit elliptic-oval in outline, narrowed at
both ends, about 8 mm. long and 6 mm. in diameter, olive mottled with brown, marked with
10 vertical light-colored lines, smooth, glabrous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Warner’s Ranch, southern California.

DIstRiBUTION: In dry sandy soil, western Nevada, southeastern California, and northern
Lower California.

4. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II.
15: 321. 1853.

Oxybaphus multifiorus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 237. 1827.
Allionia multiflora Eaton, Man. ed. 6.11. 1833.

Nyctaginia ? Torreyana Choisy, i in DC. Prodr. 132: 430. 1849.

Mirabilis multiflora A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.

Quamoclidion multifiorum glandulosum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 359. 1909.
Quamoclidion multi florum obtusum Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 359. 1909.

Mirabilis multiflora glandulosa F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 49. 1917.

Mirabilis multiflora obtusa F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 49. 1917.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, often forming clumps a meter
in diameter, the branches usually stout, densely leafy, glaucous or glaucescent, obscurely
puberulent or finely short-villous and viscid, often glabrate; petioles slender or stout, 0.4-3.5
em. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate-deltoid to reniform-orbicular or ovate-oblong, 2.5—7.5 em.
long, 1.5-7.5 cm. wide, cordate to rounded at the base and often short-decurrent, broadly
rounded and apiculate to very acute at the apex, thick and succulent, glaucescent, glabrous to
puberulent or short-villous and viscid or glandular-puberulent; peduncles slender or stout,
0.5-6 em. long, solitary in the axils and cymosely clustered at the ends of the branches, the
leaves of the inflorescence reduced; involucre campanulate, usually 6-8 flowered, 1.6-3.5 cm.
long, glabrous, glandular-puberulent, or short-villous and viscid, green or tinged with red,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 33

the 5 lobes equaling or usually shorter than the tube, ovate-orbicular to triangular, rounded
and apiculate to very acute; perianth purplish-red, 4~5.5 cm. long, glabrous or glandular-
puberulent outside, the tube 4-7 mm. thick, expanding into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2.5-3
em. broad; stamens equaling the perianth or usually slightly exserted; fruit elliptic-oblong in
outline, narrowed at both ends, 8-10 mm. long, dark-brown to nearly black, smooth,
glabrous.

TYPE Locality: About the forks of the Platte River, Colorado.

DistTRiBvuTION: In dry, chiefly sandy soil, southern Utah and Colorado to northern Chihuahua
and western Texas.

a Pray ie ir naaaal Bot. Mag. #l. 6266; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pl. 77; Clements, Rocky Mt.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

QuamocLipion ANGULATUM Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 137: 429. 1849. (Nyctago angulata
DC.; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 429, as synonym. 1849.) Described from Mexico. The
identity of the plant is problematical (see Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 410. 1911).

23. HESPERONIA Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 360.
1909.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, with repeatedly dichotomous stems, the nodes usually swollen,
the plants usually pubescent and viscid. Leaves opposite, petiolate, or the upper sessile,
the blades broad, succulent, entire or undulate. Flowers involucrate, axillary; involucre
1-flowered, campanulate, only slightly accrescent in age, green, 5-lobed, the lobes slightly
unequal, imbricate; perianth funnelform-campanulate, longer than the involucre, constricted
above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate, deciduous, the lobes retuse, red or
white. Stamens 5, unequal; filaments capillary, incurved, connate at the base into a fleshy
cup; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid or globose; style filiform; stigma capitate, papillose.
Anthocarp coriaceous, globose or oval, smooth, glabrous, often with 10 light-colored vertical
lines. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons en-
closing the scanty endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis californica A. Gray.

Fruit globose or depressed-globose, the diameter equaling or greater than the

length. 1. H. Heimerlii.
Fruit oval or oblong to suborbicular in outline, the length greater than the
diameter.
Involucral lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, longer than the tube.
Fruit 7~8 mm. Jong; involucres 9 mm. long. 2. H. oligantha.

Fruit 4-5 mm. long.
Involucres 7-9 mm. long; leaf-blades mostly 1.5-2.5 em. long; plants

usually slender, conspicuously viscid only about the inflorescence. 3. H. polyphylla.
Involucres 10-13 mm. long; leaf-blades mostly 3-4 cm. long; plants .
very stout, very viscid throughout. 4. H. tenuiloba.

Involucral lobes broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, equaling or usually shorter
than the tube. . :
Plants glabrous throughout, or with a few appressed hairs upon the

involucres. 5. H. laevis.
Plants conspicuously pubescent. : ; ;
Pubescence scabrous, of very short conic hairs. 6. H. cedrosensis.

Pubescence chiefly of slender villous hairs, never of short conic hairs.
Stems villous nearly or quite throughout; blades of the lower .
leaves mostly rounded at the apex; perianth white or pinkish. 7. H. Bigelovii.
Stems villous only about the inflorescence if at all.
Perianth rose-colored or purplish-red; blades of the lower
leaves obtuse or acutish at the apex, most of them narrowed

to the apex and never rounded. 8. H. californica.
Perianth white or rarely pinkish; blades of the lower leaves
usually all broadly rounded at the apex. 9. H. retrorsa.

1. Hesperonia Heimerlii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 412.
1911.

Stems stout, the older ones white, much swollen at the nodes, much branched, the branches
ascending or spreading, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above, the internodes rather

234 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA {Volume 21

long and the plants rather sparsely leafy; petioles stout, 3-15 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly
deltoid-ovate to reniform-ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, obtuse to acutish at the
apex, often apiculate, subcordate to truncate at the base, thick and fleshy, sparsely glandular-
puberulent or scabrous, or in age glabrate, the blades of the upper leaves reduced, usually
acute, short-petiolate; involucres numerous, short-pedunculate in the axils of the leaves or
glomerate at the ends of the branches, 5-6 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent, the lobes
shorter than the tube, ovate, obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-12 mm. long, purplish-red, glandu-
lar-pubertlent outside; stamens equaling the perianth; fruit globose or slightly depressed,
2.5-3 mm. long, dark-brown, obscurely rugulose.

TYPE LOCALITY: South end of Guadalupe Island, Lower California.
Distrrsution: Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

2. Hesperonia oligantha Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363.
1909.

Plants fruticose at the base, much branched, the branches slender, finely and sparsely
puberulent or glabrate, the internodes 2.5—5 cm. long; petioles one third as long as the blades;
leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, subcordate or rounded at the base, the lower ones rounded at the
apex, the upper acute, sparsely puberulent; peduncles nearly as long as the involucres: in-
volucre 9 mm. long, finely and densely viscid-puberulent, the lobes lance-triangular, acute,
slightly longer than the tube; perianth about 12 mm. long; stamens long-exserted; fruit cylin-
dric, acutish at both ends, 7-8 mm. long, almost 3 mm. thick, dark-brown, smooth.

Type Locality: Calmalli, Lower California.
DIstTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

3. Hesperonia polyphylla Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 364.
1909.

Plants erect, suffrutescent at the base, about 5 dm. high, much branched, the branches
slender or stout, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above and sparsely villous; petioles
slender or stout, 3-20 mm. long, the uppermost blades either long-petiolate or subsessile; leaf-
blades orbicular-ovate to deltoid or narrowly ovate-deltoid, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1.2-3 cm. wide,
subcordate to rounded at the base, acute to attenyate at the apex, the younger ones
puberulent or short-villous, glabrate in age, thick and fleshy, the lateral veins often prominent;
peduncles 2 mm. long or longer, sometimes equaling the involucre; involucre narrowly cam-
panulate, 7-9 mm. long, densely short-villous and viscid, the lobes slightly unequal, usually
exceeding the tube, lance-triangular, acute or attenuate; perianth 12-20 mm. long, the limb
nearly as broad, glandular-puberulent outside, purplish-red; stamens included or slightly ex-
serted; fruit oval in outline, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, smooth, dark-brown, with 10 light-
colored vertical lines.

TYPE LocaLiry: San Borga, Lower California.
DistRIBUTION: Lower California and San Diego County, California.

4. Hesperonia tenuiloba (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 363. 1909.
Mirabilis tenuiloba S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.

Plants erect, very stout, 3~6 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches very stout, whitish, densely short-villous or puberulent and viscid, the internodes
mostly longer than the leaves, the nodes swollen; petioles stout, 2-7 mm. long, the upper
blades subsessile; leaf-blades orbicular-deltoid, broadly deltoid-ovate, or rhombic-ovate,
2.5-4 em, long, 1.3-3.5 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base, acute or attenuate at
the apex or the lower blades rarely obtuse, thick and fleshy, bright-green, densely viscid-
puberulent, the upper leaves only slightly smaller than the lower; peduncles 2 mm. long or
shorter, axillary, nearly concealed by the subtending leaves; involucre 10-13 mm. long, nar-
rowly campanulate, densely short-villous and very viscid, the lobes slightly unequal, slightly
exceeding the tube, narrowly lance-oblong, acute or attenuate; perianth 12-15 mm. long

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONTACEAE 235

(white ?), glandular-puberulent outside; stamens equaling the perianth; fruit oval in outline,
5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. in diameter, rounded at both ends, dark-brown, smooth.

TYPE LocaLIty: San Bernardino County, California.

_DisrRipution: In dry, sandy soil, Colorado Desert of southern California and northern Lower
California.

5. Hesperonia laevis (Benth.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 363. 1909.

Oxybaphus laevis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844,
Mirabilis laevis Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 235. 1889.
Quamoclidion laeve Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 687. 1902.

Plants erect, suffrutescent below, much branched, glabrous throughout, or a few minute
appressed hairs present on the involucres, the branches slender, with long internodes, whitish;
petioles of the lower leaves almost as long as the blades, the blades of the uppermost leaves
subsessile; leaf-blades orbicular-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, sub-
cordate at the base, acutish or subobtuse at the apex, slightly sinuate, succulent, inconspicu-
ously veined; peduncles very short, few; involucre 10 mm. long, the lobes about equaling the
tube, ovate, acute; perianth about 15 mm. long: stamens exserted.

TYPE LocaLity: Magdalena Bay, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

6. Hesperonia cedrosensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 362. 1912.
Mirabilis cedrosensis Jepson, Fl. Calif. 459. 1914.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, suffrutescent or fruticose below, much branched,
the branches slender, with long or short internodes, white or stramineous, glabrous below,
scabrous above and sometimes viscid; petioles stout or slender, 3-13 mm. long, the upper-
most blades subsessile; leaf-blades broadly deltoid, rhombic-ovate, or orbicular-ovate, 1.2-3
em, long, 0.8-2.5 cm. wide, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse to acute at the apex,
thick and succulent, scabrous with short conic retrorse hairs, or glabrate in age, the veins
nearly obsolete, the blades of the upper leaves smaller, narrower, and more acute than those
of the lower ones; peduncles few, 2 mm. long ot wanting; involucre campanulate, 5-7 mm.
long, densely covered with short viscid hairs, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate or ovate-
triangular, obtuse or acutish; perianth 12 mm. long, purplish-red, glabrous or sparsely puberu-
lent: stamens about equaling the perianth; fruit subglobose but evidently longer than thick,
4.5-5 mm. long, smooth, dark-brown, with 10 light-colored vertical lines.

Type LocaLiry: Cedros Island, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: San Clemente Island, California; Cedros and San Benito islands and the western
coast of Lower California.

7. Hesperonia Bigelovii (A. Gray) Standley.

Mirabilis Bigelovii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886.

Mirabilis aspere Greene, Erythea 4: 67. 1896.

Mirabilis californica aspera Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 125. 1907.

Hesperonia aspera Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 362. 1909.
Hesperonia aspera villosa Standley, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 363, 1909.
Hesperonia glutinosa gracilis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365, 1909.
Hesperonia limosa gracilis Standley, Mublenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Plants erect. or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches usually stout, whitish, densely villous with slender whitish hairs and somewhat viscid,
rarely glabrate below in age; petioles stout, 5-12 mm. long, or those of the upper leaves shorter;
blades of the lower leaves reniform-ovate, broadly rhombic-ovate, or suborbicular, 2-4 em.
long, 1.3-3.7 cin. wide, broadly rounded at the apex, or rarely narrowed to an obtuse apex,
subcordate to rounded at the base, the blades of the upper leaves smaller, broadly oblong-
ovate to deltoid-ovate, often acute, all copiously villous with slender whitish hairs and slightly
viscid, or glabrate in age, thick and succulent, the veins nearly obsolete; peduncles numerous,
axillary and glomerate at the ends of the branches, 5 mm. long or shorter; involucre campanu-

236 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VolLuME 21

late, 5-6 mm. long, densely villous or short-villous and viscid, the lobes shorter than the tube,
oblong-ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish; perianth 8-12 mm. long, white or some-
times pinkish, sparsely short-villous and viscid outside; stamens slightly exserted or occa-
sionally included; fruit subglobose but evidently longer than thick, 5 mm. long, dark-olive or
greenish-brown, marked by 10 lighter vertical lines.

Type Locatiry: Grand Canyon of the Colorado, below Peach Spring, Arizona.

_DistR1pution: In dry, mostly sandy soil, southern and western Arizona, and in southeastern
California, from Inyo County to San Diego County.

8. Hesperonia californica (A. Gray) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nax.
Herb. 12: 364. 1909.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius crassifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 431. 1849.

Oxybephus glabrifolius Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 131. 1857. Not O. glabrifolius Vahi, 1806.
Mirabilis californica A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.

Oxybaphus californicus Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 4. 1880.

Hesperonia californica microphylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.

Plants erect or decumbent, suffrutescent or fruticose below, much branched, the branches
2-10 dm. long, slender or stout, whitish, with short or elongate internodes, glabrous below,
puberulent and viscid above and often villous but usually only sparsely so; petioles slender
or stout, 12 mm. long or shorter, the uppermost blades often subsessile; plades of the lower
leaves subreniform to rounded-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 1.5—4.5 em. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, cordate
to truncate at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, the blades of the upper leaves
smaller, narrower, mostly acute or attenuate, all the blades green, thick and succulent, short-
villous or puberulent and viscid when young, glabrate in age; peduncles numerous, often
crowded at the ends of the branches, 3 mm. long or shorter; involucre campanulate, 5-8 mm.
long, densely short-villous and viscid, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-14 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely short-villous outside;
stamens equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth; fruit broadly oval in outline, 5 mm.
long, smooth, dark-brown.

Tyre LocaLity: Southern California.

DIstRIBUTION: California, from the Santa Lucia Mountains to San Diego County, chiefly near

the coast, and on the adjacent islands; northern Lower California.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. #1. 48.

9. Hesperonia retrorsa (Heller) Standley.
Mirabilis glutinosa A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash” 17: 92. 1904. Not M. glutinosa Kuntze.
1898

M ivabilis retrorsa Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 193. 1906.

Hesperonia glutinosa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.
Hesperonia glutinosa retrorsa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.
Mirabilis limosa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 426. 1909.

Hesperonia limosa Standley, Muhlenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Hesperonia limosa retrorsa Standley, Muhlenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Mirabilis californica glutinosa Jepson, Fl. Calif. 458. 1914.

Mirabilis californica retrorsa Jepson, Fl. Calif. 458. 1914.

Plants erect or ascending, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the branches 3-6
dm. long, slender or stout, with usually elongate internodes, whitish, glabrous below, puberu-
lent above with mostly retrorse hairs, usually slightly viscid and often sparsely short-villous;
petioles stout, 5-12 mm. long, the uppermost blades often subsessile; blades of the lower
leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly deltoid-ovate, or suborbicular, 1.5—3.5 cm. long, 1-3 em. wide,
often as broad as long, subcordate or rounded at the base, usually broadly rounded at the
apex but rarely narrowed and acutish, the blades of the upper leaves slightly smaller and
narrower, obtuse to acute at the apex, all the blades green, thick and succulent, inconspicu-
ously veined, scaberulous or puberulent with mostly retrorse hairs, glabrate in age; peduncles
numerous, axillary and crowded at the ends of the branches, those in the lower axils some-
times 14 mm. long, the upper ones much shorter, often nearly obsolete; involucre campanulate,
5-7 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent or short-villous, the lobes shorter than the tube,
ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-12 mm. long, white, sparsely viscid-
puberulent outside or glabrate; stamens equaling the perianth or slightly exserted; fruit

Par? 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 237

broadly oval in outline, 5~6 mm. long, smooth, dark-olive or brown, usually with 10 lighter
vertical lines.

TYPE LocaLity: In Owen's Valley in the extreme southern part of Mono Count: liforni
near the Southern Belle Mine. : alas

DistRiBuTION: In dry, chiefly sandy soil, southwestern Utah and western Arizona, and in south-
eastern California, from Inyo County to San Diego County.

24. MIRABILIS LL. Sp. Pl. 177. 1753.

Jalapa (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Nyctago Juss. Gen. P1.90. 1789.

Trimista Raf. Aut. Bot. 12. 1840.

Admirabilis (Clusius) Nieuwl. Am. Midl. Nat. 3: 280. 1914.

Perennial herbs, more or less pubescent, with dichotomous stems and tuberous roots.
Leaves opposite, petiolate or sessile, the blades broad, entire. Inflorescence axillary or of
terminal, dense or open cymes; involucre 1-flowered, campanulate, calyx-like, 5-lobed, the
lobes erect, imbricate, only slightly accrescent in age; perianth corolla-like, colored, tubular
or tubular-funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, constricted above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed,
induplicate-plicate, often not broader than the tube. Stamens 3 or 5; filaments unequal,
exserted, capillary, incurved, connate at the base into a short cup; anthers didymous. Ovary
ellipsoid or obovoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, papillose. Anthocarp coriaceous,
angled or costate, more or less constricted at both erds, often tuberculate or rugtlose, glabrous
or pubescent. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, enclosing the
farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis Jalapa L.

Perianth tubular, the limb scarcely if at all broader than the tube.

Stamens 3; fruit puberulent. 1. M. Watsoniana.
Stamens 5; fruit glabrous.
Perianth 4-5 cm. long, not conspicuously dilated below; plants very
viscid; fruit obscurely angled. 2. M. exserta.
Perianth 2.5—3 em. long, conspicuously dilated below; plants only slightly
viscid; fruit sharply angled. 3. M. Pringlet.
Perianth expanded into a broad limb much wider than the tube.
Perianth 2-2.2 em. long, gradually dilated from the base to the mouth,
purplish-red. 4. M. Urbani.
Perianth 3-17 cm. long, abruptly dilated into the limb.
Perianth 3-5.5 em. long, normally purplish-red. . M. Jalapa.
Perianth 7-17 cm. long, white tinged with pink or purple.
Plants short-villous and very viscid, at least about the inflorescence; .
leaf-blades short-petiolate, the upper ones subsessile. 6. M. longi flora.
Plants puberulent, slightly or not at all viscid; leaf-blades, even oo
the uppermost, conspicuously petiolate. 7. M. Wrightiana.

1. Mirabilis Watsoniana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 84. 1889.

Plants erect, much branched, densely leafy, the branches puberulent above, glabrate
below; lower leaves long-petiolate, the uppermost subsessile, the blades ovate-deltoid, cordate
or truncate at the base and short-decurrent, acute or acuminate at the apex, thin, green,
glabrous, ciliate; peduncles slender, sbort-villous, cymosely glomerate at the ends of the
branches, tubular-campanulate, unequally 5-lobed, short-villous, slightly accrescent in age;
perianth tubular, short-villous below, gradually dilated upward, the limb scarcely broader
than the tube, 5-lobed; stamens 5, subequal, long-exserted; fruit small, obovoid-pyramidal,
dark-brown, constricted at both ends, 5-angled, the angles subtuberculate, the sides smooth,
puberulent, slightly viscid when moistened.

TypH# Locality: Cuesta de Solol4, Guatemala.

DIstRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ItLustRATION: Bot. Jahrb. 11: pl. 2, f. 2a-Zh.

2. Mirabilis exserta Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 165. 1891.

Plants erect, 4-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, densely viscid-puberu-
lent, or glabrate below; petioles slender, 1~2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades rhombic-orbicular, ovate-
orbicular, broadly ovate-deltoid, or oval-ovate, 6-11 cm. long, 4-10.5 cm. wide, subcordate

208 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA’ [VoLUME 21

7. Boerhaavia tenuifolia A. Gray; Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
2: 355. 1894.
Boerhaavia linearifolia glabrata A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 322, 1853.

Perennial, from a woody base, sparsely branched, the branches 2-4 dm. long, very slender,
glaucous, glabrous below, sometimes obscurely scaberulous above; petioles stout, 1-2 mm.
long; leaf-blades linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, coriaceous, glaucous, glabrous, the
margins strongly revolute; inflorescence cymose, axillary and terminal, much branched, the
branches viscid-puberulent, the flowers numerous, on pedicels 1-2 mm. long; bracts minute,
ovate or lanceolate, abruptly attenuate, minutely puberulent or glabrate; perianth purplish-
red, 8-10 mm. broad, puberulent outside; stamens 3; fruit obovoid, rounded at the apex,
5-angulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous, the angles broad and smooth, the sulci between them
smooth.

TYPE LocaLiry: Camp Charlotte, Izion County, Texas.
DIstRIBUTION: Dry hillsides, western Texas.

8. Boerhaavia Lindheimeri Standley, sp. nov.

Boerhaavia linearifolia glandulosa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:387. 1909. Not B. glandu-
losa Anderss. 1854.

Perennial, from a thick woody root, the stems several or numerous, ascending or pro-
cumbent, sparsely branched, the branches stout, divergent or ascending, densely glandular-
hirsute and glandular-puberulent below, densely glandular-puberulent above, the internodes
mostly longer than the leaves; petioles 1-3 mm. long; leaf-blades lance-linear, lanceolate, or
linear, broadest at the base and gradually narrowed upward, 1.5—4 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse at the base, acute to acttmiuate at the apex, thinly coriaceous, green above,
pale beneath and brown-spotted, glandular-hirtellous or in age glabrate; inflorescence cymose,
mutch branched, nearly naked, the slender branches glandular-puberulent, the flowers solitary,
on pedicels 1-3 mm. long; bracts minute, persistent, lanceolate, attenuate, brown-dotted;
perianth purplish-red, 7-9 mm. long and broad, puberulent outside; stamens 5; fruit obovoid-
oblong, rounded at the apex, 3 mm. long, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles rounded, smooth,
the narrow sulci smooth.

TyPE LOcALIty: Texas.
DIsTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas.

9. Boerhaavia linearifolia A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 322. 1853.

Boerhaavia tenuifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 386, in part. 1909. Not B. tenuifolia
A. Gray, 1894.

Perennial, from a thick woody root; stems numerous, ascending or procumbent, 1-4 dm.
long, much branched, the branches slender, gray or white, hirsute or hirtellous and glandular-
puberulent below, densely glandular-puberulent above; petioles stout, 1-3 mm. long; leaf-
blades linear to lanceolate, rarely narrowly triangular, 1.2-3.5 em. long, 2-7 mm. wide, obtuse
to rounded at the base and often unequal, broadest at the base and usually tapering gradually
to the obtuse or acute apex, coriaceous, usually glaucous, at least beneath, hirsute or hirtellous
when young, glabrate in age, spotted with brown beneath; inflorescence cymose, much branched,
naked or nearly so, the slender branches ascending or divergent, glandular-puberulent, the
numerous flowers subsessile or on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the bracts minute, persistent, ovate
or lanceolate, acuminate or attenuate, brown-dotted; perianth purplish-red, 7-8 mm. long,
about 1 cm. broad, puberulent outside; stamens 5; fruit obovoid-oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long,
glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles broad, rounded, smooth, the broad or narrow sulci smooth.

Tyre Locality: Western Texas. : .
DISTRIBUTION: Dry, rocky hillsides, western Texas and southeastern New Mexico to Coahuila.

10. Boerhaavia purpurascens A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 321.
1853.

Erect annual, 2-5 dm. high, much branched below, the branches slender, brown-punctate,
puberulent below, densely viscid-villous or glandular-hirtellous above; petioles slender, 0.4<

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 209

2.2 cm. long; leaf-blades oval to oblong, suborbicular, or ovate, or the uppermost lanceolate
or linear-oblong, 1.2-3 cm. long, 0.7-2 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded
to very acute at the apex, often apiculate, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green above,
paler beneath, often brown-punctate, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-
paniculate, sparsely branched, the branches ascending, densely glandular-villous with short
hairs, the flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile, densely cymose-glomerate at the ends of long
slender peduncles; bracts oblong or obovate, equaling or exceeding the fruit, persistent, thin,
purplish-red, villous and Jong-ciliate; perianth 3-4 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate;
stamens 3, equaling the perianth; fruit obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute
at the base, stramineous, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles low, acttte, smooth, the sulci broad,
smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Stony hills near Santa Rita, New Mexico.

2 Distrisution: Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to southeastern Arizona and
onora,

11. Boerhaavia pterocarpa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 376. 1882.

Erect or decumbent annual, 1~3 dm. high, sparsely branched, the branches slender,
ascending, puberulent, often brown-punctate; petioles slender, 2-12 mm. long; leaf-blades
broadly ovate-rhombic to ovate or lanceolate, 1-2.5 em. long, 0.3-1.5 em. wide, rounded or
obttise at the base, rounded to attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, green
above, slightly paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; inflorescence of few terminal
and axillary, densely many-flowered, headlike cymes borne on slender peduncles 1-3 em.
long, the flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter; bracts minute, lanceolate, brown-
punctate, persistent or deciduous; perianth pink, 1-1.5 mm. long, glandular-punctate; stamens
included; fruit broadly obpyramidal, 3 mm. long, truncate at the apex, abruptly contracted
into a short stipe below, glabrous, 3- or 4-winged, the wings narrow, gradually tapering down-
ward, thin, smooth, the body of the fruit strongly transverse-rugulose.

TYPE LocaLIty: Apache Pass, Arizona. .
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Arizona and adjacent Sonora.

12. Boerhaavia megaptera Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
379. 1909.

Erect annual, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, puberulent,
tinged with red, brown-punctate, the middle and upper internodes with viscous rings; petioles
slender, 0.4—2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate to oblong, ovate-oblong, or linear-lanceolate,
2-4 cm. long, 0.4-1.7 cm. wide, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse to long-attenuate
at the apex, entire or subsinuate, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, green above, pale beneath,
sparsely brown-punctate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches
slender, ascending, the flowers on pedicels 1-2 mm. long, umbellate at the ends of short slender
peduncles; bracts minute, thin, ovate or lanceolate, brown-punctate, persistent; perianth
1-1.5 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate; stamens included; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
broad, truncate at the apex, acutish at the base, glabrous, 5-winged, the wings thin, smooth,
the very narrow sulci smooth.

Tyree LocaLity: On Flattop Mountain, Tucson Mountains, Arizona, at an altitude of 850
meters. .
DIstRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

13. Boerhaavia alata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.

Erect or decumbent annual, 3-6 dm. high, mutch branched, the branches slender, stramine-
ous, minutely puberulent below, glabrous above, brown-punctate, the middle internodes with
viscous rings; petioles slender, 2~8 mm. long; leaf-blades ovate-oblong to lance-oblong, or the
uppermost oblong-linear, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-12 mm. broad, rounded to broadly cuneate at the
base, obtuse or acute at the apex, entire, green above, pale beneath, glabrous, sparsely brown-
punctate; inflorescence laxly cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous,
the flowers on pedicels 2-15 mm. long, solitary or umbellate in clusters of 7 or fewer; bracts

210 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

minute, lanceolate, brown-punctate, persistent; perianth 3 mm. long, pink, glandular-punctate;
stamens 5, included; fruit 4 mm. long and nearly as broad, rqunded at the base, emarginate at
the apex, glabrous, 5-winged, the wings broad, thin, the body coarsely transverse-rugulose.

TyPE LocaLity: On a small rocky island in Guaymas harbor, Sonora.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

14. Boerhaavia triquetra S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.

Ascending or procumbent annual, 3-6 dm. high much branched, the branches slender,
yellowish-green or stramineous, minutely puberulent, the upper internodes with viscous
rings; petioles slender, 0.3—-1.7 cm. long; leaf-blades oblong-oval to ovate-oblong or lanceolate,
1.5-4 em. long, 0.4-1.5 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, obtuse to attenuate at the
apex, entire, thick and firm, green above, pale beneath, glabrous, epunctate; inflorescence
rather densely cymose, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, erect or ascending,
the flowers on pedicels 1-3 mm. long, in clusters of 2 or 3 at the ends of short slender peduncles;
bracts minute, ovate or lanceolate, glandular-punctate, persistent; perianth pink, 1 mm. long,
glabrous, brown-punctate; stamens 2, included; fruit obpyramidal, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1.2 mm.
broad, truncate at the apex, glabrous, yellowish-green, 3- or 4-angulate, the angles very acute,
smooth, the broad sulci coarsely rugulose.

Type Locality: Sandy plains and stony ridges about Los Angeles Bay, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

15. Boerhaavia maculata Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 379.
1909.

Erect annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched below, the branches slender, brown-punctate,
cinereo-puberulent, some of the upper internodes viscous; petioles slender, 3-12 mm. long;
leaf-biades narrowly oblong to lanceolate or linear, 1.2-6 cm. long, 0.2-1.1 em. wide, rounded
or obtuse at the base, acuminate to long-attenuate at the apex, entire, sparsely puberulent or
glabrous, green above, pale beneath, brown-punctate on both sides; inflorescence loosely
cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, erect or ascending, the flowers on
pedicels 2-10 mm. long, simply umbellate at the ends of long slender peduncles; bracts minute,
lanceolate, persistent, brown-punctate; perianth pink, 3 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, glabrous,
glandular-punctate; stamens 5, exserted; fruit obpyramidal, truncate at the apex, 3.5-4 mm.
long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, stramineous, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles very broad, much com-
pressed, acute, slightly rugose, the narrow sulci strongly rugose.

‘vez Locality: Guaymas, Sonora.
DIstRiBuTIon: Dry, rocky hillsides, coast of southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa.

16. Boerhaavia erecta L. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.

Boerhaavia elongata Salisb. Prodr. 56. 1796.

Boerhaavia virgata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 215. 1817.

Boerhaavia discolor H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 215. 1817.

Boerhaavia atomaria Raf. Aut. Bot. 40. 1840.

Valeriana latifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 124, 1844.
Boerhaavia Thornbert M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 72. 1908.
Boerhaavia erecta Thornberi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 381. 1909.

Annual, erect or decumbent, 2-10 dm. high, much branched at the base and sparsely
above, the branches stout or slender, often tinged wth red, finely puberulent below, the
middle internodes often with brown viscous bands, the uppermost internodes glabrous or
minutely puberulent; petioles slender, 0.4-4 cm. long; leaf-blades mostly broadly ovate-
rhombic or deltoid-ovate, but sometimes oval, broadly oblong, or ovate, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4.5
cm. wide, truncate to rounded at the base, broadly rounded to obtuse or rarely acute at the
apex, entire or usually subsinudte, bright-green above, beneath paler or glaucous and usually
brown-punctate, glabrous, or ciliolate or sparsely puberulent, the blades of the uppermost
leaves smaller, lanceolate to linear; inflorescence cymose, much branched, the branches slender,
erect or ascending, usually glabrous, rarely with viscous internodes, the flowers irregularly
umbellate-cymose or subracemose at the ends of long slender peduncles, the pedicels 1-5 mm.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 211

long; bracts minute, linear or lanceolate, reddish, persistent; perianth white or tinged with
pink, 1-1.5 mm. long, glabrous, sometimes glandular-punctate; stamens 2 or 3, exserted; fruit
narrowly obpyramidal, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad at the truncate apex, green, glabrous,
5-angled, the angles obtuse or acutish, smooth, the sulci coarsely transverse-rugose.

TYPE LocALIty: Mexico.

Distrimvution: South Carolina to Florida, Arkansas, and southern Arizona, and southward

ah Mexico, Central America, and the warmer parts of South America; general in the West
ndies.

ILLustrations: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. pi. 5, 6; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127.

17. Boerhaavia intermedia M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 41.
1902.
Boerhaavia universitatis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 380. 1909.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascend-
ing, minutely puberulent, often brown-punctate or tinged with red, the middle and upper
internodes usually with viscous rings; petioles slender, 0.3-2.5 cm. long; blades of the lower
leaves mostly oval or broadly oblong, rarely oval-ovate or suborbicular, the others oblong to
ovate, lanceolate, or linear, 1.5—4.5 cm. long, 0.3-1.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base,
broadly rounded to long-attenuate at the apex, rather thin, glabrous or when young obscurely
puberulent, entire or subsinuate, green above, paler or often white beneath, frequently brown-
punctate, especially on the upper leaves; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched,
the branches slender, ascending, the internodes usually with viscous rings, the flowers on
slender pedicels 1-3 mm. long, in few-flowered, usually simple umbels at the ends of long slender
peduncles; bracts minute, lanceolate, glandular-punctate, persistent; perianth 1.5-2 mm.
long, pink, often glandular-punctate; stamens 2 or 3, equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth;
fruit narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5-2.7 mm. long, yellowish-green or stramineous, glabrous,
truncate at the apex, 5-angulate, the angles smooth, obtuse, the narrow sulci transverse-
rugulose.

Type Locality: El Paso, Texas.

DistTrreution: Dry plains and fields, western Texas to southeastern California, south to

Lower California, Durango, and Coahuila.
ILLUSTRATION: M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 1. 16.

18. Boerhaavia lateriflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 426. 1911.

Erect or procumbent annual, 1-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, green-
ish, minutely puberulent, slightly or not at all viscous; petioles very slender, 0.3-3 cm. long:
leaf-blades broadly ovate-rhombic to ovate, oval, oblong, or lance-oblong, or the uppermost
linear, 1.5—5.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, or those of the inflorescence only 2 mm. wide, rounded
at the base, rounded to attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, green above,
slightly paler beneath, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate or
wholly of axillary and terminal simple peduncles, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, in
dense headlike cymes; bracts minute, lanceolate, thin, persistent, sometimes glandular-punc-
tate; perianth pink, 2~3 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 3, exserted; fruit 2.5 mm. long, narrowly
obpyramidal, truncate at the apex, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles obtuse, slightly rugulose,
the sulci broad, strongly rugulose.

Type Locatiry: Guaymas, Sonora. :
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

19. Boerhaavia Wrightii A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 322. 1853.
Boerhaavia bracteosa S, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 370. 1885.

Erect annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender or stout, ascending,
densely puberulent below and often short-villous, densely glandular-puberulent and villous
above; petioles slender or stout, 0.5—2 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate, ovate-oblong, oval, narrowly
oblong, or lanceolate, or the uppermost linear, 2-4.5 cm. long, 0.3-2.5 cm. wide, truncate or
rounded at the base, obtuse or rounded to long-attenuate at the apex, sinuate or entire, rather

212 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoruME 21

thin, green above, paler beneath, brown-punctate, puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, glandular-puberulent, viscid-villous, or glandular-
hirtellous, the flowers on pedicels about 1 mm. long, in dense or somewhat interrupted racemes,
these with glabrous rachises; bracts about as long as the fruit, persistent, ovate-orbicular or
ovate, abruptly acuminate or long-cuspidate, very thin, purplish, short-villous and ciliate;
perianth pink, 1.5 mm. long; stamens 3 or 4, included; fruit broadly oblong, rounded at the
apex, 2 mm. long and over 1 mm. thick, glabrous, usually 4-angulate, the angles broad, acute,
smooth, the sulci broad, rugulose.
TyPE Locanity: Pebbly hills near El Paso [Texas or Chihuahua].

és Pade Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to Nevada, and southward
o Sonora.

20. Boerhaavia Rosei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 424.
i911.

Erect annual, 5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending or spreading,
pttberulent, above densely glandular-puberulent or glandular-hirtellous; petioles rather stout,
5-12 mm. long; leaf-blades ovate, ovate-oval, or oval, the uppermost often lanceolate, 1.2—-2.2
em. long, 0.4-1.2 cm. wide, rounded at the base, obtuse to very acute at the apex, entire or
subsinuate, thin, green above, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; inflorescence
cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, the internodes usually
viscous, the flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter, in long slender interrupted racemes;
bracts minute, thin, lanceolate, ciliolate, deciduous; perianth pink, 1 mm. long, glabrous;
stamens included; fruit narrowly obpyramidal, 2.5 mm. long, truncate at the apex, glabrous,
green, 5-angulate, the angles smooth, acute, the sulci broad, open, smooth or obscurely rugu-
lose.

Type LocaLity: In sandy soil along the Rio Fuerte near Fuerte, Sinaloa.
DIstRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

21. Boerhaavia alamosana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 110.
1891,

Erect annual, 3~5 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, puberulent
and sparsely hirtellous; petioles slender 3-8 mm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, 1.2-3.3 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, rounded at the base, acute to long-attenuate at the
apex, entire or subsinuate, green above, pale beneath, brown-punctate, puberulent; inflores-
cence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, ascending, glabrous, the
flowers on pedicels 1-2 mm. long, in short, slender, remotely flowered racemes; bracts lanceo-
late, thin, ciliolate, brown-punctate, shorter than the flowers, deciduous; perianth 3 mm. long,
white, glabrous or puberulent; stamens 4, exserted; fruit obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at
the apex, acute at the base, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles broad, rounded, smooth, the
sulci narrowly linear, nearly closed, smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Hillsides about Alamos, Sonora.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

22. Boerhaavia Coulteri (Hook. f.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad.
24: 70. 1889.

Senkenber gia Coulteri Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 6, hyponym. 1880.
Boerhaavia spicata Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 70. 1889.
Boerhaavia Watsoni Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 12: 384. 1909,

Erect or decumbent annual, 2-8 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, ascend-
ing, green or stramineous, puberulent, often sparsely villous or hirtellous above; petioles
slender, 0.5—2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate-rhombic, oval, oblong, deltoid-ovate, ovate,
or lanceolate, 1.5-S cm. long, 0.5-2.2 em. wide, rounded at the base, rounded to very acute
at the apex, thin, entire or sintuiate, green above, pale beneath, glabrous or sparsely puberulent;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, usually
with viscid internodes, the flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter, in slender interrupted

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 213

racemes; bracts usually shorter than the ovary, lanceolate or ovate, thin, brown-punctate,
obscurely ciliolate; perianth 1-1.5 mm. long, pink or white, glabrous; stamens 1 or 2, included:
fruit narrowly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous,
S-angulate, the angles broad, obtuse, smooth, the sulci narrowly linear, closed, smooth.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DisTRIBUTION: In dry, sandy soil, Arizona and southeastern California to Lower California
and Sonora.

23. Boerhaavia Xanti S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889.
Boerhaavia fallax Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 424. 1911.

Erect or decumbent annual, 2-4 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, stramine-
ous or light-green, puberulent and villous or hirtellous below; petioles slender, 0.5-2.5 cm.
long; leaf-blades ovate-rhombic, oval, oblong, oblong-ovate, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate,
2-5 em. long, 0.5-3 cm. wide, subcordate to obtuse at the base, rounded to attenuate at the
apex, entire or usually sinuate, thin, green above, paler beneath, often brown-punctate, glabrous
or puberulent; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous,
often with viscous internodes, the flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long, in short, dense or inter-
rupted racemes; bracts small, lanceolate or ovate, deciduous, thin, often ciliolate, shorter
than the flowers; perianth pink, 3 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 3 or 4, exserted; fruit broadly
ohovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous, 5-angulate, the angles
broad, acute, smooth, the sulci broad, transverse-rugulose.

Type LocaLity: Cape San Lucas, Lower California.
DIstRIBUTION: Southern Lower California and western Sonora.

24. Boerhaavia Torreyana (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 385. 1909.

Boerhaavia spicata Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 171. 1859. Not B. spicata Choisy, 1849.
Boerhaavia spicata Torreyana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 70. 1889.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender or
stout, puberulent below and sometimes sparsely glandular-hirtellous, above puberulent and
hirtellous, sometimes viscid; petioles slender, 0.5—2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, oval,
oblong, rhombic-ovate, or ovate, or the uppermost narrowly lanceolate, 1.7-4.5 cm. long,
0.4-2.5 cm. wide, truncate to obtuse at the base, rounded to very acute at the apex, entire
or usually sinuate, green above, paler beneath, usually brown-punctate, puberulent or glabrate;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, glabrous but mostly
with viscous internodes, the flowers on slender pedicels 1-2 mm. long, in slender, remotely
flowered racemes; bracts small, deciduous, usually lanceolate, thin, brown-punctate, ciliolate,
commonly shorter than the ovary at anthesis; perianth pink, glabrous or puberulent, 1-1.5
mm. long; stamens 1 or 2, included; fruit narrowly obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the
apex, acuminate at the base, glabrous, stramineous, 5-angulate, the angles thin, acute, often
rugulose, the sulci broad and open, rugulose.

Type LocaLity: Not definitely stated. : ;
DISTRIBUTION: Dry, gravelly plains and hillsides, western Texas to Arizona, south to Coahuila.

25. Boerhaavia spicata Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 456. 1849.

Boerhaavia Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 69. 1889. Not B. Palmeri S. Wats. 1883.

Erect or procumbent annual, 2-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, usually
tinged with red, densely viscid-puberulent, often villous above; petioles stout, 0.5-3.5 cm.
long; leaf-blades ovate or lanceolate, or sometimes oblong, ovate-deltoid, or narrowly lanceo-
late, 1-4.5 cm. long, 0.4-2 cm. wide, truncate to obtuse at the base, obtuse to attenuate
at the apex, entire or often deeply sinuate, rather thin, green above, pale beneath, viscid-
puberulent or sparsely short-villous, usually brown-punctate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, glabrous, with viscous internodes, the flowers on pedicels
1-2 mm. long, in short dense racemes; bracts broadly ovate, pink, thin, often as long as the
flowers, ciliate, deciduous; perianth 1-1.5 mm. long, pink, puberulent or glabrous; stamens

214 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 21

1 or 2, included; fruit obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous,
5-angulate, the angles thick, acute, smooth, the sulci broad, open, rugose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
Distrmvtion: In dry, sandy soil, southern Arizona to Chihuahua and Sinaloa.

17. CYPHOMERIS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 428.
1911.

Lindenia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruix. 10': 357. 1843. Not Lindenia Benth. 1842.
Tinantia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 240. 1844. Not Tinantia Scheidw. 1839.
Senkenbergia Schauer, Linnaea 19: 711. 1847. Not Senckenbergia Gaertn. Mey. & Scherb. 1800.

Erect or ascending perennial herbs, suffrutescent at the base, more or less pubescent,
much branched, the upper internodes each with a glutinous area along the middle. Leaves
opposite, those of a pair subequal, petiolate, the blades broad or narrow, succulent, entire or
sinuate. Flowers perfect, in elongate, spikelike, terminal and axillary racemes, pedicellate,
each pedicel subtended by a narrow caducous bract; perianth broadly tubular-funnelform,
deep bright-red, the tube very short, slightly curved, constricted above the ovary, the limb
somewhat oblique, shallowly 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 5; filaments capillary,
exserted, unequal, connate at the base; anthers didymous. Ovary fusiform, asymmetric;
style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate. Anthocarp clavate, stipitate, gibbous, pendent or
refracted, finely striate vertically, glabrous. Seed with a thin testa adherent to the pericarp;
embryo uncinate, the broad cotyledons enclosing the farinaceous endosperm, the radicle
elongate, descending.

Type species, Lindenta gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal.

Fruit 10-12 mm. long; leaf-blades glabrous, or sparsely puberulent when young,

the upper most usually linear or nearly so. 1. C. gypsophiloides.
Fruit about 7 mm. long; leaf-blades permanently and densely puberulent, the
upper ones nearly as broad as the lower. 2. C. crassifolia.

1. Cyphomeris gypsophiloides (Mart. & Gal.) Standley, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 13: 428. 1911.

Lindenia gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10!: 358. 1843.
Tinantia gypsophiloides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 240. 1844.
Senkenbergia annulata Schauer, Linnaea 19: 711. 1847.

Boerhaavia gibbosa Pavon; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 457. 1849.
Senkenbergia gypsophiloides Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 5. 1880.
Boerhaavia gypsophiloides Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 354. 1894.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-10 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches slender, glaucous, glabrous, or rarely obscurely puberulent below; petioles slender,
0.5—-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades narrowly deltoid, lanceolate, deltoid-oblong, or ovate-deltoid,
the upper ones usually linear, 2.5—-7 cm. long, 0.3-3 cm. wide, subcordate to acute at the base,
gradually narrowed to an acute or obtuse apex, entire or rarely slightly sinuate, green above,
glaucescent beneath, glabrous, or when young sparsely and minutely puberulent; racemes
slender, 5-16 cm. long, the flowers remote, on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts lanceolate or linear,
4-7 mm. long, glabrous; perianth 7—9 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, glabrous; stamens long-exserted;
fruit 10-12 mm. long, slender-stipitate, 2-2.5 mm. thick; seed obovoid, about 4 mm. long,
rounded at the apex, acuminate at the base, brown.

Type Locality: Plains near Tehuacdn, Puebla. :
DISTRIBUTION: Dry, rocky slopes, western Texas and southern New Mexico, southward to
Nuevo Le6én and Puebla.

2. Cyphomeris crassifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13:
428. 1911.

Senkenbergia crassifolia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373. 1909.

Plants 6-10 dm. high, suffruticose below, much branched, the branches slender, pale-
green, finely and sparsely puberulent, the branches of the inflorescence glabrous; petioles
0.4-2.5 em. long; leaf-blades rhombic, broadly oblong, or rhombic-ovate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 1-2

Par? 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 215

em. wide truncate to rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
coarsely sinuate-lobate, green above, paler beneath, densely and finely puberulent; racemes
5-10 cm. long, the flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts lance-linear, 4-5 mm. long, green,
glabrous; perianth 6-7 mm. long, glabrous, the tube very short, the limb 7 mm. broad; stamens
long-exserted; fruit 7 mm. long, short-stipitate, 2 mm. thick in the widest part.

TYPE Locality: Saltillo, Coahuila.
DistRIBUTION; Nuevo Leén and Coahuila.

18. COMMICARPUS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373.
1909.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, pubescent or glabrous, usually decumbent or reclining, the
stems much branched. Leaves opposite, those of a pair subequal, petiolate, the blades broad,
more or less succulent, entire or sinuate. Flowers perfect, umbellate or verticillate, pedicellate,
each pedicel bracteate, the bracts forming an involucel; perianth funnelform or campanulate,
corolla-like, white or green, usually with a distinct tube, constricted above the ovary, the limb
shallowly 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 2~-5; filaments exserted, capillary, unequal,
connate at the base; anthers didymous. Ovary stipitate, attenuate to a filiform style; stigma
peltate. Anthocarp cylindric-fusiform, symmetric, finely costate vertically, pubescent or
glabrous, bearing numerous verrucose glands. Seed with a thin testa adherent to the pericarp;
embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the scanty endosperm; radicle slender, elongate,
descending.

_Type species, Boerhaavia scandens L,.

Perianth 3 mm. long and broad, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; glands of the

fruit irregularly scattered. 1. C. scandens.
Perianth 7-8 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, short-villous or hirtellous; glands of the
fruit grouped in transverse bands. 2. C. Brandegei.

1. Commicarpus scandens (L,.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 373. 1909.

Boerhaavia scandens L. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.
Boerhaavia Grahami A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 323. 1853.

Plants decumbent or usually clambering over shrubs, fruticose or suffrutescent below,
much branched, the branches slender, pale-green, glabrous, or obscurely puberulent about
the nodes; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to ovate-deltoid
or rarely rhombic-orbicular, 1.5—6.5 cm. long, 1-4.5 em. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at
the base and unequal, attenuate to acute or rarely rounded at the apex, rather succulent,
bright-green, slightly paler beneath, glabrous, or when young obscurely puberulent or scaberu-
lous; flowers umbellate, the peduncles slender, 2—4.5 cm. long, the pedicels slender, 5-10 mm.
long, glabrous; bracts lanceolate or oblong, 2~3 mm. long, green, ciliolate, caducots; perianth
greenish-yellow, 3-4 mm. long and broad, glabrous or rarely obscurely puberulent; stamens 2
or rarely 3, exserted; fruit about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, narrowly clavate-cylindric,
glabrous, bearing few or numerous glands irregularly scattered along the coste.

‘TYPE Locality: Santiago de la Vega [Spanish Town], Jamaica.
DIstrRipuTIoN: Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and Lower California, and southward

nearly throughout Mexico; nearly throughout the West Indies; also from Colombia and Venezuela

to Peru.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1: pl. 4; Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 4; Meerb. Pl. Rar. pl. 21;
Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127.

2. Commicarpus Brandegei Standley, Contr. U. $. Nat. Herb.
12: 374. 1909.

Boerhaavia elongata Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 199. 1889. Not B. elongata Salisb. 1796.
Commicarpus Brandegei glabrior Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 374. 1900.

Plants mutch branched, 2 meters long or more, prostrate or clambering over shrubs, the
branches slender, glaucescent, often sparsely sbort-villous when young but soon glabrate;
petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 2-5 cm.

216 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 21

long, 1.5-3 em. wide, cordate at the base and slightly unequal, acute or attenuate at the apex,
minutely puberulent when young but soon gabrate; flowers in 3-6-flowered umbels on long
slender peduncles, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, short-villous or rarely glabrate; bracts linear,
2-3 mm. long, green, short-villous, caducous; perianth 7-10 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad,
white, short-villous outside, at least below; stamens 2, exserted; fruit narrowly clavate-oblong,
5-10 mm. long, 2 mm. thick, dark-green, glabrous, bearing numerous glands arranged in
3 or 4 transverse bands.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Pablo, Lower California.
DistRIBUTION: Southern Lower California.

19. ANULOCAULIS Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 374.
1909.

Tall erect perennial herbs, more or less pubescent, branched, the internodes usually
each with a viscid ring. Leaves opposite, petiolate, few, borne near the base of the stem, the
blades broad, coriaceous, glandular-dentate or denticulate. Flowers perfect, bracteate, um-
bellate or in axillary glornerules or racemose, the inflorescence ample, much branched, the
bracts small, scarious or coriaceous; perianth funnelform, the tube elongate, constricted above
the ovary, the limb campanulate or subrotate, 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 3 or 5,
exserted; filaments unequal, filiform, connate at the base; anthers didymous. Style filiform,
the stigma peltate. Amnthocarp coriaceous, biturbinate, 10-striate, glabrous, in one species
(probably in all) developing at maturity a broad median horizontal wing. Seed with its
thin testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the broad cotyledons enclosing the
copious endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Boerhaavia eriosolena A. Gray.

Perianth glabrous, 2.5-3 cm. long; leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so. 1. A. leiosolenus.
Perianth villous, 8-10 mm. long; leaf-blades long-villous beneath, at least when

young.
Flowers mostly in sessile axillary clusters; perianth abruptly expanded into a

subrotate limb. 2. A. eriosolenus.
Flowers in pedunculate terminal umbels; perianth gradually dilated into a
campanulate limb. 3. A. annulatus.
1. Anulocaulis leiosolenus (Torr.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 375. 1909.

Boerhaavia leiosolena Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 172. 1859.
Acleisanthes nummularia M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 43. 1902.
Boerhaavia nummularia M. E. Jones; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4: 27. 1913.

Plants erect, 6-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, the brancies stout, glaucous,
glabrous; leaves 1 or 2 pairs at the base of the stem, the petioles stout, 2-11 cm. long, the
blades reniform to broadly oval, rhombic-orbicular, or ovate-oval, 3.5-15 cm. long, 3.5-12.5
cm. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at the base, broadly rounded at the apex, rather
coarsely sinuate, thick-coriaceous, yellowish-green on the upper surface and when young
tomentulose, beneath glaucescent and tomentulose or villous when young but early glabrate
and gland-dotted; inflorescence much branched, the branches stout, naked, the flowers fascicu-
late or in dense spikes, short-pedicellate; bracts minute, ovate, coriaceous, glabrous; perianth
yellowish-green, 2.5—-3 cm. long, glabrous, gradually dilated above into a narrow limb; stamens
5, short-exserted, fruit biturbinate, 5-6 mm. long, glaucous, in age developing at the middle a
rigid horizontal wing 6-7 mm. in diameter; seed biturbinate, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type LocaLity: In gypseous soil, Great Canyon of the Rio Grande, 70 miles below El Paso,
Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: In strongly alkaline soil, western Texas to Arizona and Nevada.

2. Anulocaulis eriosolenus (A. Gray) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 375. 1909.
Boerheavia eriosolena A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. If, 15: 322. 1853.

Plants erect, 2-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, the branches very stout, glabrous;
petioles stout, 1-4 cm. long; leaf-blades orbicular-oval to ovate-oval, 2.2-10 em. long, 2-7 cm.

Part 3, 1918} ALLIONIACEAE 217

wide, cordate or subcordate at the base, rounded at the apex, coriaceous, glandular-denticulate,
sparsely scabrous on the upper surface with stout conic hairs having dark glandular bases,
similarly pubescent beneath with longer hairs, glabrate in age; inflorescence paniculately much
branched, the branches slender, naked, the flowers in axillary and terminal few-flowered
clusters, on slender pedicels 2-4 mm. long; bracts ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 2-3 mm. long,
acuminate, scarious, glabrous, usually ciliolate; perianth 1 cm. long, the tube slender, long-
villous, very abruptly expanded into a nearly rotate limb 1 cm. broad; stamens 5, short-exserted;
fruit turbinate, 5 mm. long, conic above, glabrous. '

TYPE LOCALITY: Valley near Azufrora, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.

3. Anulocaulis annulatus (Coville) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 375. 1909.
Boerhaavia annulata Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 177. 1893.

Plants erect from a decumbent base, 5-10 dm. high, sparsely branched below, loosely
paniculate above, the branches stout, glaucescent, at least below, glabrous except at the villous
nodes; petioles stout, 2-4 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly oval to ovate-oval or ovate-deltoid,
3-8 em. long, 2-6 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base and subequal, rounded at the
apex or rarely only obtuse, coriaceous, shallowly and irregularly repand-dentate, yellowish-
green above and hirsute with slender hairs having dark enlarged glandular bases, paler beneath
and densely hirsute with similar hairs; inflorescence nearly naked, the branches slender, the
flowers in dense many-flowered headtike long-pedunculate umbels; bracts short, lanceolate,
hirsute, the hairs with glandular bases; perianth 8 mm. long, greenish, the tube stout, long-
villous, gradually dilated into a campanulate limb; stamens 3, short-exserted; fruit biturbinate,
5 mm. long, glabrous.

Types Locality: Furnace Creek Canyon, Funeral Mountains, Inyo County, California.
DIstRIBUTION: Inyo County, California.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: pl. 18.

20. ALLIONIA L,. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 890. 1759.

Vitmania Turra; Cav. Ic. 3: 53. 1794. Not Vitmannia Vahl, 1794.
Oxybaphus 1/7 Hér.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 185. 1797.

Calyxhymenia Ortega, Dec. 5. 1797.

Calymenia Pers. Syn. Pi. 1: 36. 1805.

Perennial plants, herbaceous or rarely suffruticose, erect or procumbent, viscid-pubescent
or glabrous, usually branched, the branches somewhat swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite,
sessile or petiolate, the blades entire or undulate, often asymmetric. Flowers perfect, in-
volucrate, the involucre 1-3-flowered, equally or unequally 5-lobed, in fruit more or less
accrescent, often nearly rotate in age and reticulate-veined; perianth campanulate or broadly
short-funnelform, usually oblique, the tube usually very short, constricted above the ovary,
the limb 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate, emarginate, the perianth deciduous after
anthesis. Stamens 3-5; filaments capillary, unequal, circinnate, short-connate at the base,
usually exserted; anthers didymous. Ovary ovoid or subglobose; style filiform; stigma long-
papillose. Anthocarp obovoid, usually 5-angulate or 5-sulcate, almost terete, rugose or
tuberculate, or the angles smooth, constricted at the base, glabrous or pubescent, mucilaginous
when wet. Seed adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the
copious endosperm; radicle exterior, elongate, descending.

Type species, Allionia violacea L.

Fruit glabrous. . aus
Angles of the fruit covered with coarse, distinct tubercles. :
Stems densely viscid-pilose below. 1. A. viscosa.
Stems glabrous up to the inflorescence.
Involucres in fruit 6-10 mm. long; blades of the lower leaves
usually broadly cordate-deltoid, twice as Jong as broad or
shorter. 2. A. corymbosa.
Involucres in fruit 4-6 mm. long; blades of the lower leaves

elongate deltoid-lanceolate, three times as long as broad or :
longer. 3. A. microchlamydea,

218 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA

Angles of the fruit continuous, smooth.

Leaf-blades linear, 2-7 mm. wide; stems glabrous.
Leaf-blades lanceolate or broader, 10-40 mm, wide.
Stems glabrous.

. Stems densely short-pilose.

Fruit more or less pubescent, sometimes with only sparse pubescence of
short hairs.

Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, or sometimes gradually attenuate to a
eaeie stout petiole, the blade not sharply differentiated from the
petiole.

Leaf-blades linear or lance-linear.
Perianth deep bright-red, about 4 times as long as the involucre,
much longer than broad.
Perianth pink or purplish-red, about twice as long as the in-
volucre, usually broader than long.
Stems densely hirsute or long-villous, at least at the base,
glaucous.
Stems glabrous below or nearly so.

Stems glaucous; leaf-blades sessile or gradually narrowed
to a short, stout or marginate petiole, glaucous or
glaucescent beneath.

Stems green; leaf-blades, at least the lower ones, sub-
abruptly contracted into a slender petiole, bright-

green.

Leaf-blades lanceolate or broader.

Stems densely hirsute, at least near the base, the middle nodes

sometimes glabrate but the nodes always hirsute.

Stems puberulent or glabrate, or sometimes pilose or hirsute above
but not near the base,

Stems densely puberulent throughout; leaf-blades ovate to

ovate-deltoid.

Stems glabrate below or puberulent only in lines; leaf-blades
mostly lanceolate.

Angles of the fruit strongly tuberculate or composed of
distinct tubercles.

Angles of the fruit continuous, smooth or nearly so.

Leaf-blades usually broadly rounded at the base or
even subcordate, those of the lower leaves some-
times acute at the base; branches of the inflores-
cence mostly opposite.

Leaf-blades acute or acuminate at the base; branches
of the inflorescence mostly alternate.

Leaf-blades, at least most of them, on long slender petioles, the blades
usually obtuse to cordate at the base and sharply differentiated
from the petioles.

Fruit prominently 5-angulate, the angles smooth or tuberculate;
stems usually stout, erect or decumbent, and sparsely branched;
involucres much accrescent in fruit, the lobes equal or nearly so.

Involucres at anthesis usually glabrous except at the base,
there short-pilose or puberulent, the lobes glabrous, in fruit
usually 15-20 mm. broad.

Involucres at anthesis densely viscid-pilose outside, in fruit

usually less than 15 mm. broad.
Stems densely puberulent, pilose, or hirsute below, over the
whole surface, with stiff hairs.

Leaf-blades usually twice as long as broad, ovate or
ovate-oblong, and obtuse at the base; plants tall, erect,
simple or sparsely branched below.

Leaf-blades less than twice as long as broad, mostly
ovate-deltoid or deltoid, usually truncate or sub-
cordate at the base; plants low, spreading, much
branched below, the branches mostly divergent.

Stems puberulent or short-pilose below with weak,
soft hairs.

Stems hirsute below with long, stiff hairs.

Stems glabrous below or puberulent in lines, very rarely
pilose with weak, soft, viscid hairs.

Plants suffruticose.

Plants herbaceous.

Blades of the upper leaves about as broad as long,
rounded or very obtuse at the apex; involucres in
fruit 10-12 mm. long.

Blades of the upper leaves usually twice as long as
broad or longer, lance-oblong to linear, com-
monly long-acuminate to attenuate at the apex;
involucres in fruit rarely over 8 mm. long.

Lobes of the involucre oval-oblong, longer than the
tube, all or most of them rounded at the
apex, usually pilose with black hairs.

an

10.

12.

13.

14.
15.

19,

16.

17,
18.

21.

20.

Bo

[VoLumME 21

. glabra.

. exaltata.
. Carletoni.

. coccinea,

. gausapoides.

. linearis.

. decipiens.

. hirsuta,

. pauci flora.

. albida.

. lanceolata.

. aggregata,

. nyclaginea.

. coahuilensis.

pumila.

, rotundifolia.

. Suffruticosa.

. Grayana.

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 219

Leaf-blades linear or lance-linear, acute or
attenuate at the base. 10. A. decipiens.
Leaf-blades mostly elongate-deltoid or deltoid,
sometimes rather broadly lanceolate, obtuse
to cordate at the base. 22. A. comata.
Lobes of the involucre broadly ovate or ovate-
orbicular, usually shorter than the tube,
acute or acutish at the apex, at least in fruit,
pilose with white or fulvous hairs.
Leaf-blades acute or acutish at the base, lance-
olate or broadly lanceolate. 15. A. aggregata.
Leaf-blades rounded to cordate at the base,
ovate-cordate to lance-deltoid.
Leaf-blades deeply cordate at the base,
often shorter than the petioles, these
puberulent or short-pilose with fulvous
hairs; fruit 5 mm. long. 23. A. longipes.
Leaf-blades rounded to subcordate at the
base, much longer than the petioles, these
long-pilose with white hairs; fruit 3.5-4
: mum. long. 24, A. ciliata.
Fruit terete at maturity, irregularly and sparsely tuberculate;
stems slender, usually procumbent, much branched; involucre
only slightly accrescent in fruit, the lobes very unequal. 25. A. violacea.

1. Allionia viscosa (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis viscosa Cav. Ic. 1: 13. 1791.

Nyctago parvifiora Salisb. Prodr. 57. 1796.

Calyxhymenia viscosa R. & P. Fl. Per. 1: 46. 1798.

Calymenia viscosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 36. 1805.

Vitmania viscosa Turra; Steud. Nom. 140, as synonym. 1821.

Oxybaphus viscosus 1 Hér.; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 430. 1849.

Oxybaphus Cervantesii S. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 21: 436. 1886. Not O. Cervantesii Sweet, 1825.
Allionie rotata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 347. 1909.

Oxybaphus rotatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, erect, 4-15 dm. high, stout, sparsely branched or simple below the
inflorescence, green, densely short-pilose with viscid hairs; petioles slender, 1-6.5 cm. long,
densely short-pilose; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to ovate-deltoid, 2.5-10 cm. long,
1.5-9 cm. wide, usually cordate at the base but sometimes truncate, abruptly short-decurrent,
acute or attenuate at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green, sparsely viscid-
puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface, short-pilose or puberulent beneath, the leaves
of the inflorescence reduced and bractlike, often very numerous, sessile or short-petiolate, the
blades ovate to suborbicular; inflorescence ample, paniculate, much branched, the branches
opposite, ascending, stout or slender, densely viscid-pilose with short fulvous hairs; involucres
numerous, slender-pedunculate, at anthesis 3-5 mm. long, in fruit 15-25 mm. broad, densely
viscid-pilose, the lobes broadly rounded; flowers solitary or rarely 2 or 3 in each involucre,
the perianth 8-20 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely pilose outside, the limb 15-25 mm. broad;
stamens 3, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-gray, glabrous, densely covered
with large coarse rounded tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE LocALIty: Huanuco, Peru.

DisrrRisuTIon: Chihuahua to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca; Peru. . .
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. 1: pl. 19; Schnizl. Ic. pl. 104; Bot. Mag. pl. 434; Dict. Sci. Nat. pl. 22.

2. Allionia corymbosa (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis corymbosa Cav. Ic. 4: 55. 1797.

Calyxhymenia glabrifolia Ortega, Dec. 5. 1797.

Calymenia corymbosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 37. 1805.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 40. 1806.

Allionia corymbosa texensis Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 351. 1894.
Allionia texensis Small, F1. SE. U.S. 406. 1903.

Oxybaphus texensis Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Allionia cardiophylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.
Oxybaphus cardiophyllus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, erect or ascending, 3-10 dm. high, stout, simple or sparsely branched
below, rarely suffrutescent, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, usually
puberulent or short-pilose at the nodes, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 0.5-6 cm.

220 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

long, glabrous; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate to elongate ovate-deltoid, 2-8 cm. long,
1-5.5 cm. wide, deeply cordate to truncate at the base and usually short-decurrent, obtuse or
acute at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent, green on the upper surface, often
glaucous beneath, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; inflorescence cymose-pariculate, usually
much branched, the branches slender, viscid-pilose with short fulvous hairs, the bracts few
and very small, the involucres usually numerous, slender-pedunculate, viscid-pilose, about
4 mm. long at anthesis, 6-10 mm. long in fruit, the lobes short, rounded-oval; flowers usually
solitary in the involucre, rarely 2 or 3, the perianth sparsely pilose, 6~10 mm. long, the limb
10-12 mm. broad; stamens 3, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5 mm. long, dark-grayish,
glabrous, densely covered with short rounded tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm. long,
pale-brown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Texas and Coahuila to Hidalgo and Oaxaca.
ILLustRations: Cav. Ic. pl. 379; Ortega, Dec. pl. 1.

3. Allionia microchlamydea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 405. 1911.

Stems mostly solitary, erect, 4-8 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below the inflores-
cence, slender, glaucous below and glabrous, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 0.5-3.5
cm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades narrowly deltoid-lanceolate or lance-deltoid, 3-7 cm. long,
0.6-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or truncate at the base and abruptly short-decurrent, gradually
narrowed to the obtuse apex, entire or sinuate-dentate, thick and succulent, green on the
upper surface, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
much branched, the branches slender, alternate, sparsely or densely viscid-pilose, the bracts
minute, the involucres numerous, slender-pedunculate, about 2.5 mm. long at anthesis, 4-6
mmm. long in fruit, viscid-pilose, the lobes rounded-oval; flowers solitary in the perianth; fruit
broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, dark-gray, glabrous, densely covered with coarse rounded
tubercles; seed oval-obovoid, 2 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TypE LocaLity: In rocky soil near Ixmiquilp4n, Hidalgo.
DisTrisurtion: Stony hillsides, Querétaro and Hidalgo.

4. Allionia glabra (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Oxybaphus glaber S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 301. 1873.
Oxybaphus glaber recedens Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Allionia glabra recedens Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 406. 1911.

Stems few or solitary, erect, 8-15 dm. high, usually simple up to the inflorescence or with a
few sterile branches below, stout, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous; leaves distant, or crowded
below, sessile, the blades linear, 5-12 em. long, 2-7 mm. wide, long-attenuate to the base,
gradually narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire, thick and succulent, glaucous beneath,
glabrous; inflorescence a loose terminal panicle 1-4 dm. long, much branched, the branches
very slender, opposite, glabrous or sparsely short-pilose with viscid hairs; involucres slender-
pedunculate, at anthesis about 3.5 mm. long, in age 12-15 mm. broad, viscid-pilose or glabrous
and ciliate, shallowly lobed, the lobes ovate-orbicular, rounded at the apex; flowers usually
solitary, sometimes 2, in the involucre, mostly cleistogamous, the perianth about 7 mm. long,
white or pale-pink, glabrous; stamens 5, short-exserted; anthocarp obovoid, about 5 mm. long,
olivaceous, glabrous, the angles acute, narrow, smooth, the sides obtusely short-tuberculate
or rugose; seed broadly obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type Locariry: Kanab, Utah. .
Distrisution: In dry soil, southeastern Utah to Chihuahua, western Texas, and Kansas.

5. Allionia exaltata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355.
1909.
Oxybaphus exaliatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492, 1913.

Stems few or solitary from a stout woody root, erect, about 15 dm. high, stout, glabrous,
glaucescent below, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, the internodes elongate;

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 221

petioles stout, 3-10 mm. long, glabrous; leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4.5~7
cm. long, 0.7—2 em. wide, acute at the base and apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent,
often glaucous or glaucestent benéath, glabrous; inflorescence a large open panicle, much
branched, the branches slender, ascending, glabrous or very sparsely short-pilose with viscid
hairs, the peduncles slender, elongate, short-pilose or glabrous, the involucres 3~4 mm. long
at anthesis, 10-12 mm. long in fruit, sparsely short-pilose or glabrous, the lobes short, rounded:
flowers usually 3 in each involucre; fruit obovoid, 4.5 mm. long, brownish, glabrous, the angles
acute, narrow, smooth, the sides transverse-rugulose; seed obovoid, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE Locality: Cimarron Valley, Cherokee Outlet, Oklahoma.
DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma.

6. Allionia Carletoni Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355.
1909.

Oxybaphus hirsutus Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 213. 1892. Not O. hirsutus Sweet, 1825.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 213. 1892. Not O. nyctagineus
pilosus A. Gray, 1859.

Oxybaphus Carletoni Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913,

Stems few or solitary, erect, 6-12 dm. high, stout, glaucous below, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, densely viscid-pilose with short slender fulvous hairs; leaves
sessile or subsessile, the very stout broad petioles 4 mm. long or shorter, the blades broadly
deltoid-ovate to ovate or ovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long and 1-4 cm. wide, or larger, subcordate
to obtuse at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and
succulent, green, or often glaucous beneath, densely short-pilose with viscid hairs, or some-
times glabrate in age; inflorescence ample, paniculate, the branches stout, opposite, densely
viscid-pilose, the bracts very small, the peduncles slender, elongate, the involucres 5-6 mm.
long at anthesis, in age 12-18 mm. broad, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes broadly rounded;
flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth sparsely pilose, pink; stamens usually 3,
exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brown, glabrous, the angles acute, narrow, smooth, the
sides rugulose or obscurely tuberculate, conspicuously raphidulous; seed broadly obovoid,
3-3.5 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type Locality: Barber County, Kansas.

DistTRIBUTION: Oklahoma and southern Kansas.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. f. 1730.

7. Allionia coccinea (Torr.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 339. 1909.

Oxybaphus coccineus Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 169. 1859.

Mirabilis coccinea Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 3. 1880.

Oxybaphus linearifolius S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.

Allionia linearifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis coccinea scabridata Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 186. 1901.
Allionia linearis coccinea M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 51. 1902.
Allionia gracillima Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.

Allionia gracillima filifolia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.
Allionia gracillima scabridata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909.
Allionia linearifolia filifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 120. 1913.

Stems solitary or numerous from an elongate woody root, erect or ascending, sparsely
ot copiously branched, the branches very slender, glaucous, glabrous, ascending, the internodes
short or elongate; leaves numerous or few, sessile, the blades filiform or linear, 2—12 cm. long,
1-4 mm. wide, long-attentiate to each end, thick and succulent, glaucous or glaucescent, at
least beneath, glabrous; involucres slender-pedunculate, axillary and solitary in young plants
and mostly with cleistogamous flowers, in mature plants arranged in loose paniculate cymes,
these with slender, opposite, sparsely short-pilose branches; involucres at anthesis 4-5 mm.
long, short-pilose or puberulent, deeply lobed, the lobes oval-ovate, acute or acutish, slightly
accrescent in qge; flowers 1-3 in each involucre, the perianth 15-20 mm. long, deep purplish-
red, the tube 3-4 mm. in diameter, gradually widening upward, the limb 11-15 mm. broad,

deeply 5-lobed, the lobes retuse; stamens 5, exserted; anthocarp obovoid, 5 mm. long, oli-

222 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

vaceous, finely hirtellous, 5-lobed, the angles broad, smooth or tuberculate, the sulci coarsely
transverse-rugose; seed broadly obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.
TyPE LocaLiry: Hillsides, Copper Mines [Santa Rita], New Mexico.

$ DISTRIBUTION: Dry hillsides, southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern
onora,

8. Allionia gausapoides Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 406.
1911.

Mirabilis linearis subhispida Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genave 5: 186. 1901.
Allionia linearis subhispida Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 342. 1909.
Allionia subhispida Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 120. 1913.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, stout, 3-8 dm. high, sparsely branched, glaucous
or glaucescent, densely hirsute at the base, viscid-puberulent or short-pilose above; leaves dis-
tant or crowded, sessile, the blades linear or lance-linear, 3-10 em. long, 1.5-5 mm. wide,
attenuate to each end, entire, thick and succulent, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, densely
short-pilose or hirsute or sometimes glabrate; inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate,
sparsely branched, the branches slender, alternate, viscid-puberulent or densely villous;
involucres few, slender-pedunculate, solitary or clustered, at anthesis 3.5-5 mm. long, in age
about 15 mm. broad, densely viscid-villous with fulvous hairs, the lobes broadly rounded;
flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth about 1 cm. long, pink, sparsely short-pilose;
stamens 5, exserted; anthocarp obovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, short-hirtellous, olivaceous, the angles
broad, smooth, the sides coarsely transverse-rugose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Region of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi.
DistR1IBurTION: In dry soil, New Mexico and western Texas to San Luis Potosi.

9. Allionia linearis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 728. 1814.

Calymenia angustifolia Nutt. Gen. 1: 26, 1818.

Calymenia decumbens Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Allionia decumbens Spreng. Syst. 1: 384. 1825.

Oxybaphus angustifolius Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus decumbens Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus angustifolius linearis Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 137: 433. 1849.
Oxybaphus angustifolius decumbens Choisy, in DC. Prodr, 132: 433. 1849.
Mirabilis angustifolia MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 216. 1892.
Oxybaphus Bodini Holz. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 287. 1893.
Allionia Bodini Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 354. 1894,

Allionia Bushii Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 223. 1895.

Oxybaphus angustifolius viscidus Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 6: 313. 1896.
Mirabilis nyctaginea angustifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct.22. 1897.
Allionia diffusa Heller, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 33, 1898,

Mirabilis linearis Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: me 1901.
Allionia glandulifera A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 364. 1902

Allionia divaricata Rydb. Bull. "Torrey Club 29: 691. 1902.

Allionia viscida Cockerell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1904: 108. 1904.
Allionia montanensis Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 1: 39. 1906.

Mirabilis decumbens Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 276. 1907,
Oxybaphus linearis B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 31. 19

Allionia peirophila Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 340. 1909,
Allionia Vaseyi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 343. 1909.
Allionia pinetorum Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 344. 1909.
Allionia pilosa decumbens A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, 1909,
Allionia linearis Bodini A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 174, 1909,

Plants erect or decumbent, 1-12 dm. high, the stems solitary or several, simple or branched
below, the branches ascending, slender or stout, glaucous, often nearly white, glabrous below
or bifariously puberulent, viscid-puberulent or short-villous above, the internodes short or
elongate; leaves numerous or few, sometimes crowded, the blades narrowly linear to lance-
linear, 3-10 cm. long, 1-5 or rarely 12 mm. wide, attenuate and sessile at the base or gradually
narrowed to a short stout marginate petiole, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire,
thick and succulent, usually glaucous, at least beneath, often ciliate, glabrous, or those of the
uppermost leaves viscid-puberulent; involucres slender-pedunculate, usually all axillary in
young plants and with cleistogamous flowers, the plants in age developing a lgosely branched
cymose panicle, the branches slender, opposite or alternate, viscid-pubertlent or short-villous
with mostly fulvous hairs, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves, these sessile,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 223

linear to broadly ovate; involucre at anthesis about 4 mm. long, densely viscid-villous with
fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate-orbicular or oval, rounded or acutish at the apex, the involucres
in age 12-20 mm. broad, the lobes rounded, conspicuously veined; flowers usually 3 in each
involucre, the perianth about 10 mm. long, sparsely pilose, pale-pink to purplish-red, the limb
deeply lobed, the lobes rettise; anthocarp 4.5-5 mm. long, obovoid, brownish or olivaceous,
the angles smooth, the sides coarsely transverse-rugose; seed rounded-obovoid, 3 mm. long,
pale yellowish-brown.

Type LocaLity: “Upper Louisiana.”

DISTRIBUTION: Usually in dry soil, South Dakota to Montana, Arizona, San Luis Potosi,
Texas, and western Missouri, rarely adventive eastward.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1419, 1421; ed. 2, f. 1726; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
1: 1. 21; Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. ol. 8, f. 1.

10. Allionia decipiens Standley, sp. nov.
Allionia divaricata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 342, in part. 1909. Not A. divaricata

Rydb. 1902.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, 3-8 dm. high, slender, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, green, bifariously puberulent or glabrate, the internodes
elongate, usually longer than the leaves; petioles slender, 0.2-3.5 cm. long, or the uppermost
leaves sessile, the blades lanceolate to linear, 2.5-12 cm. long, 2.5-10 or rarely 20 mm. wide,
obtuse to attenuate at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, entire, bright-green,
usually ciliate but otherwise glabrous; inflorescence loosely cymese-paniculate, the branches
slender, alternate, viscid-villous with short fulvous hairs; involucres usually crowded, on
short slender peduncles, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis, 10-12 mm. broad in fruit, densely viscid-
villous, the lobes ovate-oval, rounded or obtuse at the apex; flowers 3 in each involucre, the
perianth 8-10 mm. long, deep purplish-red, sparsely short-pilose, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes
retuse; fruit obovoid, 4.5 mm. long, olivaceous, minutely hirtellous, the angles smooth, the
sides transverse-rugose; seed oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type collected in an oak thicket, Brazos Canyon, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, August

24, 1914, P. C. Standley & H.C. Bollman 10743 (U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 689453).
DISTRIBUTION: Mountain slopes, Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado.

11. Allionia hirsuta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 728. 1814.

Calymenia pilosa Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Calymenia hirsuta Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus pilosus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus hirsutus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Oxybaphus hirsutus integrifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849. .

Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859,

Mirabilis hirsuta MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 217. 1892.

Mirabilis nyctaginea hirsuta Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea pilosa Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, in part. 1897,

Allionia pilosa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 690. 1902.

Allionia aggregata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 692. 1902. Not A. aggregata Spreng. 1825.

Allionia hirsuta rotundifolia Lamell, Bull. Leeds Herb. 2: 6. 1908.

Allionia hirsuta coloradensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 353. 1909.

Allionia chersophila Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 354. 1909.

Allionia hirsuta aggregata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909. ;

Allionia pilosa decumbens A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909. Not Calymenia
decumbens Nutt. 1818.

Stems solitary or few, erect or decumbent, 2-10 dm. high, usually very stout, simple or
sparsely branched below the inflorescence, green or glaucescent, densely hirsute or long-pilose
near the base and usually up to the inflorescence, sometimes merely puberulent, but always
hirsute about the nodes, the internodes usually elongate; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, very
stout, usually wanting; leaf-blades mostly ovate-oblong, sometimes lance-linear or broadly
ovate, 3-11 cm. long, 0.4-5 cm. wide, subcordate to long-attenuate at the base, gradually
narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent or some-
times thin, usually bright-green, densely hirsute or long-pilose or often merely viscid-puberulent
or, in age, glabrate; inflorescence in young plants often wholly of axillary involucres, in mature
plants cymose-paniculate, copiously or sparsely branched, the branches mostly opposite,
densely viscid-pilose, bearing few reduced bractlike leaves; involucres commonly 3-flowered,

224 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumME 21

slender-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long in anthesis, in age 10-18 mm. long, densely or sparsely
viscid-pilose, the lobes broad, rounded or obtuse; perianth 8-10 mm. long, sparsely pilose,
pink; stamens 3-5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, densely short-
pilose, the angles broad, smooth or nearly so, the sides rugose or short-tuberculate; seed obo-
void, 3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

Type Locality: “Upper Louisiana.”

DisTRIBUTION: Dry fields and hillsides, Wyoming to Manitoba and Wisconsin, southward to

Missouri, Texas, and New Mexico; rarely adventive eastward.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1418; ed. 2, f. 1728.

12. Allionia pauciflora (Buckl.) Standley.

Oxybaphus pauciflorus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862: 7. 1862.
Allionia gigantea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348. 1909.
Oxybaphus giganteus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913,

Stems solitary or few, 5-15 dm. high, erect or decumbent, very stout, simple or sparsely
branched below the inflorescence, green or glaucescent, densely puberulent throughout, the
internodes usually short; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, very stout, most of the leaves sessile;
leaf-blades ovate-oblong to rhombic-ovate, ovate-deltoid, or rounded-ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long,
1.5-7.5 cm. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base and often abruptly short-decurrent,
rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire or subsinuate, bright-green, or glaucescent beneath,
thick and succulent, densely puberulent or sometimes glabrate; inflorescence paniculate,
copiously or sparsely branched, the branches slender or stout, opposite, densely viscid-puberu-
lent or short-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres slender-
pedunculate, mostly 3-flowered, about 4 mm. long at anthesis, 8-12 mm. long in fruit, densely
or sparsely pilose, the lobes short, rounded; perianth about 8 mm. long, pale-pink, short-
pilose, the limb about 12 mm. broad; stamens 3-5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm.
long, dark-olivaceous, hirtellous, the angles broad, coarsely tuberculate or composed of large
distinct tubercles, the sides also tuberculate; seed obovoid, 3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

TYPE LOCALITY: On the San Saba River, north of Fort Mason, Texas.
Distrrrution: Oklahoma and Texas.

13. Allionia albida Walt. Fl. Car. 84. 1788.

Calymenia albida Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus albidus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2: 429. 1827.

Calymenia granulata Raf. Aut. Bot. 15. 1840.

Oxybaphus ceo Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433, in part. 1849. Not O. angustifolius

Sweet. 2
Mirabilis nyctaginea albida Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis albida Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 182. 1901.

Mirabilis albida uniflora Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 182. 1901.

Allionia bracteata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 690. 1902.

Allionia decumbens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 692. 1902. Not A. decumbens Spreng. 1825.
Allionia lanceolata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355, in part. 1909. Not A. lanceolate

Rydb
Allionia lanceolata uniflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355. 1909.

Stems solitary or few, 2-12 dm. high, erect or decumbent, stout or slender, simple or
sparsely branched below the inflorescence, glaucous or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously
puberulent, the internodes elongate or often very short; petioles 5 mm. long or shorter, stout,
usually wanting; leaf-blades mostly narrowly lanceolate, sometimes linear to ovate, 4.5~10
em. long, 0.3-2.8 cm. wide, acute to long-attenuate at the base, gradually narrowed to the ob-
tuse or acutish apex, entire or subsinuate, usually thick and succulent, bright-green, or often
very glaucous beneath, glabrous or very sparsely short-pilose; inflorescence often wholly of
axillary involucres in young plants, in mature plants cymose-paniculate, copiously branched,
the branches slender or stout, opposite or alternate, puberulent or shortly viscid-pilose, often
bearing very numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres 1~3-flowered, slender-pedunculate,
about 4 mm. long at anthesis, 8-14 mm. long in fruit, densely or sparsely viscid-pilose, the
lobes short, rounded; perianth 8-10 mm. long, pale-pink, sparsely pilose; stamens 3-5, exserted;
fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, short-hirtellous, the angles broad and coarsely

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 225

tuberculate or composed of distinct tubercles, the sides also tuberculate; seed obovoid, 3.5 mm.
long, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE LocaLiry: South Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION: Meadows and hillsides, South Carolina and Georgia to Tennessee, Kansas,
and Texas,

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1417; ed. 2, f. 1727.

14. Allionia lanceolata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 691. 1902.
Allionia sessilifolia Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 611. 1905.

Stems few or solitary, erect or ascending, 4-10 dm. high, stout, simple or sparsely branched
below the inflorescence, sparsely puberulent or glabrate below, short-pilose above with mostly
viscid hairs, the internodes short or elongate; leaf-blades sessile or on very stout petioles 4 mm.
long or shorter, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, usually rounded at
the base but sometimes obtuse or acute, gradually narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex,
entire or subsinuate, bright-green, or glaucescent beneath, glabrous or sparsely short-pilose,
usually ciliolate; inflorescence paniculate, much branched, the branches slender, opposite,
shortly viscid-pilose; involucres slender-pedunculate, about 4 mm. long at anthesis, in age
about 1 cm. long, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes oval, rounded at the apex; flowers usually 3
in each involucre, the perianth about 8 mm. long, sparsely pilose, pink; stamens 5, exserted;
fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-olivaceous, finely hirtellous, the angles narrow, smooth, the
sides rugose or short-tuberculate; seed obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

Type Locality: Estes Park, Larimer County, Colorado.
DisTRIBUTION: Southern Wyoming and northern Colorado.

15. Allionia aggregata (Ortega) Spreng. Syst. 1: 384. 1825.

Calyxhymenia aggregata Ortega, Dec. 81. 1798.
Mirabilis aggregata Cav. Ic. 5: 22. 1799.

Calymenia aggregata Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 37. 1805.

Oxybaphus aggregatus Vahl, Enum. 2: 41. 1806.

Allionia albida Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 352, in part. 1894. Not A. albida Walt. 1788.
Mirabilis pseudaggregata Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 183. 1901.

Mirabilis pseudaggregata subhiysuta Heimerl, Aun. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 184. 1901.

Mirabilis pseudaggregata eglandulosa Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 184, 1901.

Allionia trichodonta Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 354. 1909.

Allionia pseudaggregata Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 356. 1909.

Allionia pseudaggregata subhirsuta Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 356. 1909.

Allionia hirsuta aggregata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 173, in part. 1909.

Oxybaphus pseudaggregatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.

Stems few or numerous, stout, erect or decumbent, 1.5—10 dm. high, sparsely branched
or simple below the inflorescence, usually glabrous below but sometimes bifariously puberulent
or short-pilose, glabrate, puberulent, or short-pilose above with mostly viscid hairs, or rarely
sparsely hirsute, the internodes usually elongate; leaf-blades sessile or on very short stout peti-
oles, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, lance-oblong, or lance-ovate, 1.2-10 cm. long, 0.3-3 cm.
wide, acute to long-attenuate at the base, gradually narrowed to the acute or obtuse apex,
entire or sinuate, thick and succulent, green, or glaucescent beneath, glabrous or sparsely
hirsute or short-pilose, often ciliate; involucres usually all axillary in young plants, in mature
plants arranged in an ample cymose inflorescence, this sparsely branched, the branches slender,
alternate, viscid-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced bractlike leaves, the involucres
slender-pedunculate, viscid-pilose, at anthesis 4-5 mm. long, in age 6-9 mm. long, the lobes
ovate or oval, acutish or rounded; flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the perianth 8-10 mm.
long, sparsely pilose, pink; stamens 3-5, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5-5 mm. long,
brownish or olivaceous, short-hirtellous, the angles broad, smooth or nearly so, the sides
rugose or short-tuberculate; seed oval or obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

TYPE LocALity: Mexico. :

DIstRIBUTION: Western Texas and Chihuahua to the State of Mexico.

ILLusrRations: Ortega, Dec. pl. 11; Cav. Ic. pl. 437.

16. Allionia coahuilensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 347.

1909.

Allionia Greggii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348. 1909.
Oxybaphus coahuilensis Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425, 1910.

226 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

Stems few, from a thick woody root, erect, 6-10 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched
below the inflorescence, stout, glaucescent, densely puberulent below, short-pilose above;
petioles stout, 1.5 cm. long or shorter, very short in the uppermost leaves, pilose; leaf-blades
ovate, ovate-oblong, or deltoid-lanceolate, 2.5—-5 cm. long, 0.7-2 cm. wide, obtuse or truncate
at the base and decurrent, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, entire or undulate, succu-
lent, thick-coriaceous when dry, glaucescent beneath, densely puberulent or short-pilose;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, copiously branched, the branches rather slender, mostly
alternate, densely viscid-pilose, bearing numerous reduced bractlike sessile leaves; involucres
numerous, 3-flowered, short-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis, about 8 mm. long in fruit,
densely viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate-orbicular,
broadly obtuse; perianth 10-12 mm. long, sparsely pilose; stamens 5, exserted; fruit obovoid,
4-5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, minutely pilose, the angles broad, smooth, the sides
rugulose or short-tuberculate; seed broadly obovoid, 2-3 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type LocaLity: Saltillo, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

17. Allionia pumila Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345.
1909.

~
Oxybaphus nyctagineus pilosus A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859. Not
Allionia pilosa Nutt. 1818.
Allionia Brandegei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346. 1909.
Allionia pachyphylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346. 1909.
ue mle Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 348, in part. 1909. Not A. comata Small,

Oxybaphus Brandegei Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or usually numerous, from a thick woody root, ascending or procumbent,
1-5 dm. long, very stout, much branched, the branches mostly divaricate, sometimes ascending,
whitish, densely pilose with short soft hairs, or rarely glabrate in age, the internodes usually
elongate; petioles stout, 2.5 cm. long or shorter, those of the uppermost leaves usually very
short, densely pilose; leaf-blades mostly deltoid or ovate-deltoid, 1.5-5 em. long, 1.3-4 cm.
wide, truncate or subcordate at the base and often abruptly short-decurrent, rounded to
acutish at the apex, entire or subsinuate, very thick and succulent, thick-coriaceous when
dry, yellowish-green above, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, densely puberulent or short-
pilose; inflorescence in young plants often wholly of axillary involucres, in mature plants a
small narrow cyme, this sparsely branched, the branches stout, alternate, densely viscid-
pilose, usually with numerous small broad reduced bractlike leaves; involucres few, short-
pedunculate, 3-flowered, at anthesis 3-4 mm. long, in age about 8 mm. long, densely viscid-
pilose with short fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate-orbicular, rounded or acutish; perianth 8-10
mm. long, sparsely pilose, pale-pink, the limb about 12 mm. broad, stamens usually 3, long-
exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, short-pilose, the angles narrow,
smooth, or rugose on their sides, the sides of the fruit rugulose; seed broadly obovoid, 2.5-3
mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Typg Locality: Kingman, Arizona.

DistRIBUTION: Dry plains and hillsides, western New Mexico to Nevada and southeastern
California,

18. Allionia rotundifolia Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 33. 1901.
Allionia polyiriche Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 346. 1909.

Stems few, from a thick woody root, erect or ascending, 3-7 dm. long, very stout, sparsely
branched, the branches ascending, pale, densely hirsute below with stiff fulvous hairs, the
internodes elongate; petioles very stout, those of the lowest leaves one third as long as the
blades, those of the upper leaves very short or wanting, hirsute; leaf-blades ovate-deltoid to
deltoid-orbicular or even orbicular, 7 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or smaller, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, obtuse to rounded at the apex, thick-coriaceous, entire, yellowish-green,
above, usually glaucescent beneath, more or less hirsute when young, especially along the veins,
glabrate in age; inflorescence cymose, sparsely branched, the branches stout, alternate, densely

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 227

viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, bearing numerous reduced sessile bractlike leaves; involucres
few, short-pedunculate, 3-flowered, at anthesis 4-6 mm. long, densely viscid-pilose with short
fulvous hairs, the lobes broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, rounded or acutish at the apex;

perianth sparsely pilose; fruit obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, puberulent, the angles narrow, smooth,
the sides rugulose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Swallow’s, between Pueblo and Canyon City, Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

19. Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 100. 1803.

Allionia ovata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 97. 1814.

Calymenia nyctaginea Nutt. Gen. 1: 26. 1818.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Calyxhymenia paniculata Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. 390. 1829.

Allionia cucullata Fisch. Mey. & Avé-Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 9: 55. 1843.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius minor Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 431. 1849.

Oxybaphus Cervantesit grandifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849.

Oxybaphus floribundus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 433. 1849.

Oxybaphus cucullatus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 434. 1849.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus latifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859.
Oxybaphus nyctagineus oblongifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859.
Allionia floribunda Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis nyctaginea MacM. Metasp. Minn. Valley 217. 1892.

Allionia nyctaginea ovata Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 146. 1894,

Mirabilis nyctaginea oblongifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, excluding description. 1897.
Mirabilis oblongifolia Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 181, excluding description. 1901.
Allionia oblongifolia Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 407, excluding description.
Allionia latifolia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, 12: 350. 1909.
Allionia foliosa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 409. 1911.

Stems numerous from an elongate, somewhat fleshy root, erect or decumbent, stout,
3-12 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below, green or glaucescent, glabrous or bifariously
puberulent; petioles slender, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; leaf-blades mostly
deltoid or ovate-deltoid, sometimes ovate-cordate, ovate, or ovate-oblong, 4-12 cm. long,
1.5-9 cm. wide, cordate to rounded at the base, acute to attenuate at the apex or rarely
rounded, entire or subsinuate, thin, bright-green, glabrous, usually ciliolate; inflorescence
sometimes wholly of axillary involucres but usually cymose, the cymes small and dense, leafy,
the branches alternate, slender, pilose; involucres on slender elongate peduncles, 3-flowered,
5—6 mm. long in anthesis, in age 10-17 mm. long, puberulent or short-pilose near the base,
the lobes short, rounded or obtuse, often apiculate, glabrous, long-ciliate; perianth about 10
mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely villous, white or-pale-pink, the limb 12-15 mm. broad;
stamens 3-5, exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-brown or olivaceous, densely short-
pilose, the angles broad, more or less rugulose, the sides rugulose or finely tuberculate; seed
broadly obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-brown.

TYPE Locality: Banks of the Tennessee River.

DIstRIBUTION: Montana to Wisconsin, southward to Colorado, Texas, and Alabama; Oaxaca;

frequently adventive in the eastern United States.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1416; ed. 2. f. 1729; Iowa Geol. Surv. Bull. 4: f. 68.

20. Allionia Grayana Standley, sp. nov.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus latifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859,
Allionia nyctaginea latifolia Coult. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 352, in part. 1894,
Allionia latifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 350, excluding synonym. 1909.

Stems erect, 3-12 dm. high, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, glauces-
cent, glabrous below or bifariously puberulent; petioles slender or stout, 0.5-2 cm. long, the
uppermost leaves often sessile; leaf-blades deltoid or rounded-deltoid, sometimes broadly
ovate, 2.5-5.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, subcordate, truncate, or rounded at the base, rounded
or very obtuse at the apex or rarely acute, entire or subundulate, subcoriaceous when dry,
often glaucescent beneath, sparsely pilose or glabrous, often ciliolate; inflorescence cymose-
paniculate, usually much branched, the branches slender, mostly opposite, viscid-pilose, usually
bearing numerous reduced bractlike leaves; involucres numerous, 3-flowered, slender-peduncu-
late, 4-5 mm. long in anthesis, 10-14 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose, the lobes rounded-
ovate, commonly rounded at the apex but sometimes acutish; perianth about 10 mm. long,

228 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 21

sparsely pilose, pink; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit broadly obovoid, 4 mm. long, dark-
brown, finely pilose, the angles narrow, tuberculate, the sides finely and closely tuberculate;
seed broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, pale-brown.

Type collected in western Texas in 1849, Charles Wright 603 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 22766).
DistRIBUTION: Western Texas.

21. Allionia suffruticosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 408.
1911.

Plants sufirutescent below and much branched, 3-5 dm. high, the branches slender, terete,
ascending, glaucescent and glabrous below, the middle internodes greenish, bifariously puberu-
lent, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 5—10 mm. long, glabrous or minutely puberulent;
leaf-blades deltoid or deltoid-ovate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2.5 em. wide, entire or subundulate, thin,
bright-green, sparsely pilose or glabrous, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse or acute
at the apex; inflorescence of few small cymes, these sparsely branched, the branches very
slender, alternate, viscid-pilose, bearing few or numerous reduced sessile bractlike leaves;
involucres few, 3-flowered, 5 mm. long at anthesis, 8 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose
with fulvous hairs, the lobes ovate or oval, rounded or obtuse; perianth 10-12 mm. long, sparsely
pilose, pink; fruit broadly obovoid, 5 mm. long, dark-brown, sparsely short-pilose, the angles
very prominent, composed of distinct tubercles, the sides broad, very finely tuberculate; seed
broadly obovoid, 3.5 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.

Type LocaLiry: Los Naranjos, Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca.

22. Allionia comata Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 407. 1903.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus Cervantesii A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174. 1859. Not

Calyxhymenia Cervantesii Desf. 1829.

Oxybaphus nyctagineus oblongifolius A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 174, in part. 1859.
Oxybaphus viscosus Hemsl, Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3:3,in part. 1882. Not 0O.viscosus L’Hér. 1849,
Oxybaphus Cervantesit S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 142. 1883.

Allionia nyctaginea Cervantesii Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 352. 1894. Not A. Cervantesii

Steud. 1840.

Mirabilis nyctaginea setigera Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 22. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea oblongifolia Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23, in part. 1897.
Mirabilis nyctaginea Cervantesii Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Mirabilis nyctaginea alpicola Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Allionia pratensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 351. 1909.

Allionia melanotricha Standley, Contr. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 12: 351. 1909.
Oxybaphus melanotrichus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Oxybaphus comatus Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Oxybaphus pratensis Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few or solitary, from a woody root, usually erect, sometimes decumbent, 3-12 dm.
high, stout or slender, simple or sparsely branched below the inflorescence, sometimes with
weak sterile branches at the base, green, or glaucescent below, glabrous below or bifariously
puberulent, very rarely pilose with soft viscid fulvous hairs, pilose or short-pilose above but
the pubescence usually bifarious below the inflorescence, the internodes usually elongate;
petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, glabrous or puberulent, rarely white-pilose in the earliest leaves;
leaf-blades usually elongate-deltoid but sometimes deltoid, ovate, or lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long,
0.8-5.5 em. wide, subcordate or truncate at the base or sometimes cordate, obtuse, or acutish,
acute or attenuate at the apex or often obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or subundulate, thin,
bright-green, sparsely viscid-puberulent or short-pilose or glabrous, commonly ciliolate;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, usually narrow and sparsely branched, sometimes broad and
loosely branched, the branches slender, alternate, viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, bearing
very few bractlike leaves; involucres few or numerous, usually short-pedunculate, 3-5 mm.
long at anthesis, about 8 mm. long in fruit, densely viscid-pilose with fulvous or often black
hairs, the lobes oval-oblong, usually longer than the tube and rounded at the apex; perianth
10-12 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely pilose, the limb sometimes 20 mm. broad; stamens
3-5, long-exserted; fruit obovoid, 3-4.5 mm. long, brownish- or blackish-olivaceous, minutely

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 229

pilose, the angles broad, usually tuberculate, the sides coarsely or finely tuberculate; seed
obovoid, 2-3 mm. long, brownish-stramineous.
TYPE Locality: New Mexico, probably about Santa Rita.

DIisTRIBUTION: Meadows and thickets in the mountains, Arizona to western Texas, southward
to Sonora and Puebla.

23. Allionia longipes Standley, sp. nov.
Allionia melanotricha Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 409, in part. 1911.

Plants about a meter high, copiously branched below, the branches stout, ascending,
glaucescent, bifariously puberulent, the internodes elongate; petioles slender, 2-5.5 em. long,
pubertlent; leaf-blades deltoid-cordate, 2-5.5 cm. long, 2-4.5 em. wide, deeply cordate at the
base and subdecurrent, acute or attenuate at the apex, entire, thin, bright-green, minutely
ptherulent or glabrate, ciliolate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, about 30 cm. long, copiously
branched, the branches chiefly alternate, stout, viscid-pilose with fulvous hairs, very sparsely
bracteate; involucres numerous, 3-flowered, slender-pedunculate, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis
and 7-8 mm. in fruit, densely fulvous-pilose, the lobes short, deltoid-ovate or rounded-ovate,
acute or acutish, at least in fruit; perianth about 12 mm. long, sparsely pilose; stamens 3,
short-exserted; fruit obovoid, 5 mm. long, brownish-olivaceous, densely short-pilose, the
angles broad, smooth or slightly, rugulose, the sides rugulose; seed obovoid, 3 mm. long, pale-
brown.

Type collected in the vicinity of Durango, State of Durango, in 1896, Edward Palmer 261 (U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 304437).

24. Allionia ciliata Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345.
1909.
Ca ties aad A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 168. 1859. Not O. aggregatus
a

, 1806.

Allionia delioidea Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.
Oxybaphus ciliatifolius Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Stems few, from a slender woody root, 2-4 dm. high, rather slender, copiously branched,
glaucous, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, the lower internodes short, the upper elongate;
petioles stout, 0.5-2 cm. long, sparsely pilose with stout white hairs; leaf-blades elongate-
deltoid, ovate-deltoid, or deltoid-lanceolate, 0.5-1.8 cm. wide, entire or subundulate, succulent,
coriaceous when dry, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, sparsely pilose or glabrate, long-ciliate,
at least near the base; inflorescence of numerous small dense cymes, or of axillary involucres
in young plants, the branches slender, puberulent and pilose; involucres 3-flowered, short-
pedunculate, about 4 mm. long at anthesis and 8 mm. in fruit, densely white-pilose, the lobes
short, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, acute or acutish, at least in age; perianth about 1 cm.
long, very sparsely pilose or glabrous, the limb about 15 mm. broad; stamens 5, exserted;
fruit broadly obovoid, 3.5-4 mm. long, dark-brown, sparsely and minutely pilose, the angles
broad, obscurely rugulose, the sides also slightly rugulose; seed globose-obovoid, 2 mm. long,
pale-brown.

Typx LocaLity: Smiths Run, western Texas.
DIsTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.

25. Allionia violacea L. Syst. ed. 10. 890. 1759.

Oxybaphus violaceus Choisy, in De. Prodr. 132: 432, 1849.
Oxybaphus violaceus parviflorus Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 432, 1849.
Mirabilis violacea Heimer] Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 23. 1897.

Allionia mollis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.

Stems few or numerous, slender, ascending or procumbent, 2-10 dm. long, much branched,
the branches slender, green, bifariously puberulent or glabrate, sometimes viscid-pilose, the
internodes much elongate; petioles slender, 1-6 cm. long, sparsely or densely pilose; leaf-blades
mostly broadly ovate-deltoid, sometimes ovate-oblong or elongate-deltoid, 2-8 cm. long,
1.5-5 cm. wide, subcordate or truncate at the base, usually attenuate or long-attenuate at
the apex, rarely obtuse or rounded, entire or subundulate, thin, bright-green, sparsely puberu-

230 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA {[VoLUME 21

lent or short-pilose or glabrate; inflorescence cymosge, the cymes usually small and congested,
or open in age, often leafy, the branches very slender, viscid-pilose; involucres few, on long or
short, slender peduncles, about 3 mm. long in anthesis, in fruit 5-6 mm. long, green, viscid-
pilose, the lobes triangular-ovate, unequal, usually acute or acuminate; perianth 6-8 mm.
long, purplish-red, viscid-pilose; stamens usually 3, short-exserted; fruit obovoid, 3.5-4 mm.
long, terete, dark-brown or blackish, short-pilose, sparsely and irregularly tuberculate; seed
oval-obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, pale yellowish-brown.

Type LocaLity: Cumana, Venezuela.

DIstTRIBUTION: Veracruz and Mexico (State) to Yucat4n and Costa Rica; also in Colombia
and Venezuela.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

ALLIONIA CERVANTESII (Sweet) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 50. 1840. (Oxybaphus
Cervaniesti Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 1: pl. 8r. 1825.) Described from cultivated plants said
to have come from South America. ‘The species has often been reported from Mexico, but
no North American specimens seen by the writer agree with the original description and
illustration.

ALLionia corpaTa (Kunze) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891. (Oxybaphus cordifolius
Kunze; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 432. 1849.) Reported doubtfully from Mexico by Choisy
(in DC. Prodr. 13?: 432. 1849). The species appears to be exclusively South American.

OxyBaPHus ovatus (R. & P.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 41. 1806. (Calyxhymenia ovata R. &
P. Fl. Per. 1: 45. 1798.) Reported doubtfully from Mexico by Choisy (in DC. Prodr. 13*:
431. 1849), but the specimens upon which the report was made were, undoubtedly, wrongly
identified, the species being a South American one.

21. ALLIONIELLA Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 687. 1902.

Perennial herbs with dichotomous stems, the branches swollen at the nodes, more or less
glandular-pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades broad, entire or nearly so.
Flowers involucrate; involucre 3-flowered, broadly campanulate at anthesis, nearly rotate
when mature and slightly accrescent, green and calyx-like, 5-lobed, the lobes unequal, erect,
imbricate; perianth short-funnelform, corolla-like, purplish-red, the tube short, stout, con-
stricted above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 3, unequal; fila-
ments capillary, free; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma
capitate. Anthocarp coriaceous, ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely transverse-ridged, glabrous.
Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the
copious farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Quamoclidion oxybaphoides A. Gray.

1, Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club
29: 687. 1902.

Quamoclidion oxybaphoides A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 320. 1853.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.
Oxybaphus Wrightii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 3. 1882.

Allionia oxybaphoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides glabrata Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 180. 1901.
Allioniella oxybaphoides glabrata Standley, Contr. U. $8. Nat. Herb. 12: 357. 1909.

Plants ascending or decumbent, from a thick fleshy root, much branched, usually forming
dense clumps 4-12 dm. in diameter, the branches slender, green or whitish, densely viscid-
villous with short hairs, or rarely glabrate, the internodes elongate; petioles slender or stout,
1-4 em. long, viscid-villous or glabrate; leaf-blades deltoid-cordate or deltoid, often broadly
so, 1.5-7 em. long, 1.5-6 em. wide, usually cordate at the base and broadly short-decurrent,
sometimes truncate, acute to attenuate at the apex, often abruptly so, entire or undulate,
thin, bright-green, viscid-villous, especially when young, or glabrate, ciliate; inflorescence
cymose or axillary, the cymes few-flowered, leafy; peduncles slender, solitary, usually longer
than the involucres, viscid-villous; involucres about 5 mm. long at anthesis and 1-1.5 cm.
proad in age, viscid-villous, the lobes narrowly or broadly triangular, acute or attenuate,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 231

very unequal, usually longer than the tube; perianth 7-10 mm. long, sparsely pilose or
glabrate, the limb 6-8 mm. broad; fruit ellipsoid or subglobose, 2.5~3 mm. !ong, olivaceous,
marked with small elongate black spots or slightly elevated transverse ridges.

TYPE LOCALITY: East of El Paso, Texas.

DISTRIBUTION: Dry stony or brushy hillsides, southern Colorado and Utah to Arizona and
western Texas.

22. QUAMOCLIDION Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 137: 429. 1849.

Perennial herbs, with repeatedly dichotomous stems, glabrous or glandular-pubescent,
the branches swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades broad, succulent,
entire. Flowers involucrate; involucre 3—8-flowered, campanulate, 4-5-lobed, calyx-like,
green or colored, slightly accrescent in age, the lobes erect, imbricate; perianth funnelform or
nearly tubular, corolla-like, purplish or deep-red, the tube slender or stout, constricted above
the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate. Stamens 5, unequal; filaments capillary,
incurved, connate at the base into a short fleshy cup; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid;
style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, papillose. Anthocarp coriaceous, oblong or obovoid
to ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely 5-angulate and rugulose, glabrous or puberulent. Seed with
the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons enclosing the copious
farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis triflora Benth.

Perianth 2-—2.5 cm. long, the limb scarcely broader than the tube; involucre
3-flowered; stamens long-exserted. 1. Q. triflorum.
Perianth 4-6 cm. long, the limb much broader than the tube; involucre with
more than 3 flowers; stamens only slightly if at all exserted.
Fruit angulate, slightly tuberculate; plants glabrous throughout, or obscurely
puberulent on the young peduncles. 2. Q. Greene.
Fruit terete, smooth; plants copiously pubescent, at least on the stems.
Perianth glandular-villous outside; fruit olive and brown, with 10 light-

colored vertical lines. 3. Q. Froebelii.
Perianth glabrous or sparsely puberulent; fruit dark-brown to black. 4. Q. multiflorum.

1. Quamoclidion triflorum (Benth.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis triflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839.
Quamoclidion nyctagineum Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 429. 1849.

Plants erect or decumbent, much branched, the branches slender or stout, densely viscid-
puberulent; petioles slender, 6-30 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate, or the upper-
most narrowly cordate-ovate, 2.5~7.5 em. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, cordate at the base, acute
to attenuate at the apex, usually abruptly so, thin, bright-green, viscid-puberulent when
young, glabrate in age, the leaves of the inflorescence much reduced, bractlike; peduncles
axillary or glomerate at the ends of the branches, 2~12 mm. long; involucre 4-lobed, 3-flowered,
broadly campanulate, 8-12 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent with short hairs, the lobes
unequal, longer than the tube, broadly ovate, abruptly or gradually acute or attenuate;
perianth deep-red, tubular, 2-2.5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, densely viscid-puberulent, the
limb not broader than the tube, shallowly and obtusely lobed; filaments exserted 7-12 mm.;
fruit eliptic-oblong in outline, 5 mm. long, nearly black, rugtilose.

Tvpx Locality: Bolafios, Jalisco.

DISTRIBUTION: Cape Region of Lower California, and Jalisco.
ILLUSTRATION: KE. & P. Nat. Pfl. 31: f. 7, A.

2. Quamoclidion Greenei (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis Greenei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 12: 253. 1876.

Plants erect or ascending, 4-6 dm. high, sparsely branched, glabrous throughout or
sparsely and obscurely puberulent on the young peduncles, the branches stout, grayish-green;
petioles stout, 0.4-3 cm. long; leaf-blades rhombic-orbicular, orbicular-ovate, or oblong-ovate,
4.5-7.5 cm. long, 2.5-6.5 em. wide, broadly rounded to obtuse at the base and usually short-

232 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 21

decurrent, acute or obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex, thick and succulent, glaucescent;
peduncles axillary or in terminal cymes, 1-5.5 cm. long, stout, the leaves of the inflorescence
much reduced and bractlike, often deciduous; involucre campanulate, 2.5~4.5 cm. long, green
or tinged with red, the 5 lobes equaling or shorter than the tube, broadly ovate or oval, obtuse
to acute, usually abruptly apiculate; perianth 3.5-5 ‘cm. long, purplish-red, glabrous, the
tube 5-6 mm. in diameter, abruptly expanded into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2.5-3 cm. broad;
stamens equaling the perianth; fruit obovoid-oblong, 5 mm. long, nearly black, 5-angulate,
rugulose, obscurely puberulent or glabrate.

TYPE LocaLiry: Mountain sides about Yreka, California.
DistRIBUTION: In dry soil, northern California from Tehama County to Siskiyou County.

3. Quamoclidion Froebelii (Behr) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 359. 1909.

Oxybaphus Froebelii Behr, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 69. 1855.

Mirabilis multiflora pubescens S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 2. 1880.

Mirabilis Froebeliit Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 124. 1885.

Mirabilis multiflora Froebelii M. E E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 49. 1902.
Quamoclidion Froebelii glabratum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 360. 1909,
Mirabilis Froebelit glabrata Jepson, Fl. Calif. 458. 1914.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, densely
short-villous and viscid throughout, or rarely glabrate; petioles stout, 0.3-3 cm. long; leaf-
blades broadly deltoid-ovate, reniform-orbicular, rounded-ovate, or oblong-ovate, 4-10 cm
long, 2-7.5 cm. wide, rounded to broadly cordate at the base and short-decurrent, rounded to
acute at the apex, often abruptly acute or apiculate, thick and succulent, pale-green, densely
short-villous or puberulent and viscid on both surfaces or rarely glabrate; peduncles numerous,
0.4-3.5 cm. long, solitary in the lower axils and cymosely clustered at the ends of the branches,
the cymes usually very leafy, the subtending leaves often much reduced and bractlike; in-
volucre campanulate, usually 6-8-flowered, 2.2—3.5 cm. long, densely short-villous and glandu-
lar-puberulent, the 5 lobes equaling or usually shorter than the tube, triangular to ovate-
oblong, acute or obtuse; perianth purplish-red, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, short-villous and viscid
outside, the tube 4-8 mm. in diameter, expanded into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2—2.5 cm. broad;
stamens equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth; fruit elliptic-oval in outline, narrowed at
both ends, about 8 mm. long and 6 mm. in diameter, olive mottled with brown, marked with
10 vertical light-colored lines, smooth, glabrous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Warner’s Ranch, southern California. :
DIsTRIBUTION: In dry sandy soil, western Nevada, southeastern California, and northern
Lower California.

4. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II.
15: 321. 1853.

Oxybaphus multiflorus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. 2: 237, 1827.
Allionia multiflora Eaton, Man. ed, 6.11. 1833.

Nyctaginia ? Torreyana Choisy, i in DC. Prodr. 132: 430. 1849.

Mirabilis multiflora A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.

Quamoclidion multiflorum glandulosum Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 359. 1909.
Quamoclidion multi florum obtusum Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 359. 1909,

Mirabilis multiflora glandulosa F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 49. 1917.

Mirabilis multiflora obtusa F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 49. 1917.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, often forming clumps a meter
in diameter, the branches usually stout, densely leafy, glaucous or glaucescent, obscurely
puberulent or finely short-villous and viscid, often glabrate; petioles slender or stout, 0.4-3.5
em. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate-deltoid to reniform-orbicular or ovate-oblong, 2.5-7.5 cm.
long, 1.5-7.5 cm. wide, cordate to rounded at the base and often short-decurrent, broadly
rounded and apiculate to very acute at the apex, thick and succulent, glaucescent, glabrous to
puberulent or short-villous and viscid or glandular-puberulent; peduncles slender or stout,
0.5-6 em. long, solitary in the axils and cymosely clustered at the ends of the branches, the
leaves of the inflorescence reduced; involucre campanulate, usually 6-8 flowered, 1.6-3.5 cm.
long, glabrous, glandular-puberulent, or short-villous and viscid, green or tinged with red,

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 33

the 5 lobes equaling or usually shorter than the tube, ovate-orbicular to triangular, rounded
and apiculate to very acute; perianth purplish-red, 4-5.5 cm. long, glabrous or glandular-
puberulent outside, the tube 4-7 mm. thick, expanding into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2.5-3
cm. broad; stamens equaling the perianth or usually slightly exserted; fruit elliptic-oblong in
outline, narrowed at both ends, 8-10 mm. long, dark-brown to nearly black, smooth,
glabrous.

TYPE Locauity: About the forks of the Platte River, Colorado.

DistRisution: In dry, chiefly sandy soil, southern Utah and Colorado to northern Chihuahua
and western Texas.

- wee Bot. Mag. pl. 6266; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pl. 77; Clements, Rocky Mt.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

Quamocii1on ANGULATUM Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 429. 1849. (Nyctago angulata
DC.; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13*: 429, as synonym. 1849.) Described from Mexico. The
identity of the plant is problematical (see Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 410. 1911).

23. HESPERONIA Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 360.
1909.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, with repeatedly dichotomous stems, the nodes usually swollen,
the plants usually pubescent and viscid. Leaves opposite, petiolate, or the upper sessile,
the blades broad, succulent, entire or undulate. Flowers involucrate, axillary; involucre
1-flowered, campanulate, only slightly accrescent in age, green, 5-lobed, the lobes slightly
unequal, imbricate; perianth funnelform-campanulate, longer than the involucre, constricted
above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, induplicate-plicate, deciduous, the lobes retuse, red or
white. Stamens 5, unequal; filaments capillary, incurved, connate at the base into a fleshy
cup; anthers didymous. Ovary ellipsoid or globose; style filiform; stigma capitate, papillose.
Anthocarp coriaceous, globose or oval, smooth, glabrous, often with 10 light-colored vertical
lines. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, the cotyledons en-
closing the scanty endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis californica A. Gray.

Fruit globose or depressed-globose, the diameter equaling or greater than the

length. l. H. Heimerlii.
Fruit oval or oblong to suborbicular in outline, the length greater than the
diameter.
Involucral lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, longer than the tube.
Fruit 7-8 mm. long; involucres 9 mm. long. 2. H. oligantha.

Fruit 4-5 mm. long. :
Involucres 7—9 mm. long; leaf-blades mostly 1.5-2.5 cm. long; plants

usually slender, conspicuously viscid only about the inflorescence. 3. H. polyphylia.
Involucres 10-13 mm. long; leaf-blades mostly 3-4 cm. long; plants .
very stout, very viscid throughout. 4. H. tenuiloba.

Involucral lobes broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, equaling or usually shorter
than the tube. : .
Plants glabrous throughout, or with « few appressed hairs upon the

involucres. 5. H. laevis.
Plants conspicuously pubescent. : : :
Pubescence scabrous, of very short conic hairs. 6. H. cedrosensis.

Pubescence chiefly of slender villous hairs, never of short conic hairs.
Stems villous nearly or quite throughout; blades of the lower 7
leaves mostly rounded at the apex; perianth white or pinkish. 7. H. Bigelovii.
Stems villous only about the inflorescence if at all.
Perianth rose-colored or purplish-red; blades of the lower
Jeaves obtuse or acutish at the apex, most of them narrowed

to the apex and never rounded. 8. H. californica.
Perianth white or rarely pinkish; blades of the lower leaves
usually all broadly rounded at the apex. 9. H. retrorsa.

1. Hesperonia Heimerlii Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 412.
1911.

Stems stout, the older ones white, much swollen at the nodes, much branched, the branches
ascending or spreading, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above, the internodes rather

234 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 21

long and the plants rather sparsely leafy; petioles stout, 3-15 mm. long; leaf-blades broadly
deltoid-ovate to reniform-ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, obtuse to acutish at the
apex, often apiculate, subcordate to truncate at the base, thick and fleshy, sparsely glandular-
puberulent or scabrous, or in age glabrate, the blades of the upper leaves reduced, usually
acute, short-petiolate; involucres numerous, short-pedunculate in the axils of the leaves or
glomerate at the ends of the branches, 5-6 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent, the lobes
shorter than the tube, ovate, obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-12 mm. long, purplish-red, glandu-
lar-puberulent outside; stamens equaling the perianth; fruit globose or slightly depressed,
2.5-3 mm. long, dark-brown, obscurely rugulose.

TYPE LocaLity: South end of Guadalupe Island, Lower California.
DisTRIBUTION: Guadalupe Island, Lower California,

2. Hesperonia oligantha Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363.
1909.

Plants fruticose at the base, much branched, the branches slender, finely and sparsely
puberulent or glabrate, the internodes 2.5—-5 cm. long; petioles one third as long as the blades;
leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, subcordate or rounded at the base, the lower ones rounded at the
apex, the upper acute, sparsely puberulent; peduncles nearly as long as the involucres: in-
volucre 9 mm. long, finely and densely viscid-puberulent, the lobes lance-triangular, acute,
slightly longer than the tube; perianth about 12 mm. long; stamens long-exserted; fruit cylin-
dric, acutish at both ends, 7-8 mm. long, almost 3 mm. thick, dark-brown, smooth.

Type LocaLiry: Calmalli, Lower California.
DistRiBuTION: Known only from the type locality.

3. Hesperonia polyphylla Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 364.
1909.

Plants erect, suffrutescent at the base, about 5 dm. high, much branched, the branches
slender or stout, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above and sparsely villous; petioles
slender or stout, 3-20 mm. long, the uppermost blades either long-petiolate or subsessile; leaf-
blades orbicular-ovate to deltoid or narrowly ovate-deltoid, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1.2-3 cm. wide,
subcordate to rounded at the base, acute to attenyate at the apex, the younger ones
puberulent or short-villous, glabrate in age, thick and fleshy, the lateral veins often prominent;
peduncles 2 mm. long or longer, sometimes equaling the involucre; involucre narrowly cam-
panulate, 7-9 mm. long, densely short-villous and viscid, the lobes slightly unequal, usually
exceeding the tube, lance-triangular, acute or attenuate; perianth 12-20 mm. long, the limb
nearly as broad, glandular-puberulent outside, purplish-red; stamens included or slightly ex-
serted; fruit oval in outline, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, smooth, dark-brown, with 10 light-
colored vertical lines.

Tyre LocaLiry: San Borga, Lower California. :
Distrisution: Lower California and San Diego County, California.

4. Hesperonia tenuiloba (S. Wats.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 363. 1909.
Mirabilis tenuiloba S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.

Plants erect, very stout, 3-6 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches very stout, whitish, densely short-villous or puberulent and viscid, the internodes
mostly longer than the leaves, the nodes swollen; petioles stout, 2-7 mm. long, the upper
blades subsessile; leaf-blades orbicular-deltoid, broadly deltoid-ovate, or rhombic-ovate,
2.5-4 em. long, 1.3-3.5 em. wide, subcordate or rounded at the base, acute or attenuate at
the apex or the lower blades rarely obtuse, thick and fleshy, bright-green, densely viscid-
puberulent, the upper leaves only slightly smaller than the lower; peduncles 2 mm. long or
shorter, axillary, nearly concealed by the subtending leaves; involucre 10-13 mm. long, nar-
rowly campanulate, densely short-villous and very viscid, the lobes slightly unequal, slightly
exceeding the tube, narrowly lance-oblong, acute or attenuate; perianth 12-15 mm. long

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 235

(white ?), glandular-puberulent outside; stamens equaling the perianth; fruit oval in outline,
5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. in diameter, rounded at both ends, dark-brown, smooth.

TYPE Locatity: San Bernardino County, California.

_Disrripution: In dry, sandy soil, Colorado Desert of southern California and northern Lower
California.

5. Hesperonia laevis (Benth.) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 363. 1909.

Oxybaphus laevis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844.
Mirabilis laevis Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 235. 1889.
Quamoclidion laeve Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 687. 1902.

Plants erect, suffrutescent below, much branched, glabrous throughout, or a few minute
appressed hairs present on the involucres, the branches slender, with long internodes, whitish;
petioles of the lower leaves almost as long as the blades, the blades of the uppermost leaves
subsessile; leaf-blades orbicular-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 em. wide, sub-
cordate at the base, acutish or subobtuse at the apex, slightly sinuate, succulent, inconspicu-
ously veined; peduncles very short, few; involucre 10 mm. long, the lobes about equaling the
tube, ovate, acute; perianth about 15 mm. long; stamens exserted.

TyPH LocaLity: Magdalena Bay, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality.

6. Hesperonia cedrosensis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 362. 1912,
Mirabilis cedrosensis Jepson, Fl. Calif. 459, 1914,

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, suffrutescent or fruticose below, much branched,
the branches slender, with long or short internodes, white or stramineous, glabrous below,
scabrous above and sometimes viscid; petioles stout or slender, 3-13 mm. long, the upper-
most blades subsessile; leaf-blades broadly deltoid, rhombic-ovate, or orbicular-ovate, 1.2-3
cm. long, 0.8-2.5 em. wide, subcordate to rounded at the base, obtuse to acute at the apex,
thick and succulent, scabrous with short conic retrorse hairs, or glabrate in age, the veins
nearly obsolete, the blades of the upper leaves smaller, narrower, and more acute than those
of the lower ones; peduncles few, 2 mm. long or wanting; involucre campanulate, 5-7 mm.
long, densely covered with short viscid hairs, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate or ovate-
triangular, obtuse or acutish; perianth 12 mm. long, purplish-red, glabrous or sparsely puberu-
lent; stamens about equaling the perianth; fruit subglobose but evidently longer than thick,
4.5-5 mm. long, smooth, dark-brown, with 10 light-colored vertical lines.

Typr LocaLiry: Cedros Island, Lower California. .
DIsTRIBUTION: San Clemente Island, California; Cedros and San Benito islands and the western
coast of Lower California.

7. Hesperonia Bigelovii (A. Gray) Standley.

Mirabilis Bigelovii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886.

Mirabilis aspera Greene, Erythea 4: 67. 1896.

Mirabilis californica aspera Parish, Mublenbergia 3: 125. 1907.

Hesperonia aspera Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 362. 1909.
Hesperonia aspera villosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363, 1909.
Hesperonia glutinosa gracilis Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.
Hesperonia limosa gracilis Standley, Muhlenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Plants erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. high, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the
branches usually stout, whitish, densely villous with slender whitish hairs and somewhat viscid,
rarely glabrate below in age; petioles stout, 5-12 mm. long, or those of the upper leaves shorter;
blades of the lower leaves reniform-ovate, broadly rhombic-ovate, or suborbicular, 2-4 cm.
long, 1.3-3.7 cm. wide, broadly rounded at the apex, or rarely narrowed to an obtuse apex,
subcordate to rounded at the base, the blades of the upper leaves smaller, broadly oblong-
ovate to deltoid-ovate, often acute, all copiously villous with slender whitish hairs and slightly
viscid, or glabrate in age, thick and succulent, the veins nearly obsolete; peduncles numerous,
axillary and glomerate at the ends of the branches, 5 mm. long or shorter; involucre campanu-

236 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumeE 21

late, 5-6 mm. long, densely villous or short-villous and viscid, the lobes shorter than the tube,
oblong-ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish; perianth 8-12 mm. long, white or some-
times pinkish, sparsely short-villous and viscid outside; stamens slightly exserted or occa-
sionally included; fruit subglobose but evidently longer than thick, 5 mm. long, dark-olive or
greenish-brown, marked by 10 lighter vertical lines.

Type Locatity: Grand Canyon of the Colorado, below Peach Spring, Arizona.

. DISTRIBUTION: In dry, mostly sandy soil, southern and western Arizona, and in southeastern
California, from Inyo County to San Diego County.

8. Hesperonia californica (A. Gray) Standley, Contr. U. 8. Na.
Herb. 12: 364. 1909.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius crassifolius Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 431. 1849.

Oxybaphus glabrifolius Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 131. 1857. Not O. glabrifolius Vahl, 1806.
Mirabilis californica A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859.

Oxybaphus californicus Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 4. 1880.

Hesperonia californica microphylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.

Piants erect or decumbent, suffrutescent or fruticose below, mtich branched, the branches
2-10 dm. long, slender or stout, whitish, with short or elongate internodes, glabrous below,
puberulent and viscid above and often villous but usually only sparsely so; petioles slender
or stout, 12 mm. long or shorter, the uppermost blades often subsessile; plades of the lower
leaves subreniform to rounded-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 1.5—4.5 cm. long, 1-3.5 em. wide, cordate
to truncate at the base, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, the blades of the upper leaves
smaller, narrower, mostly acute or attenuate, all the blades green, thick and succulent, short-
villous or puberulent and viscid when young, glabrate in age; peduncles numerous, often
crowded at the ends of the branches, 3 mm. long or shorter; involucre campanulate, 5-8 mm.
long, densely short-villous and viscid, the lobes shorter than the tube, ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-14 mm. long, purplish-red, sparsely short-villous outside;
stamens equaling or slightly exceeding the perianth; fruit broadly oval in outline, 5 mm.
long, smooth, dark-brown.

TyPE LocaLiIty: Southern California.

DISTRIBUTION: California, from the Santa Lucia Mountains to San Diego County, chiefly near

the coast, and on the adjacent islands; northern Lower California.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p!. 48.

9. Hesperonia retrorsa (Heller) Standley.
caer glutinosa A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash” 17: 92. 1904. Not M. glutinosa Kuntze.

Mirabilis retrorsa Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 193. 1906.

Hesperonia glutinosa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.
Hesperonia glutinosa retrorsa Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 365. 1909.
Mirabilis limosa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 426. 1909.

Hesperonia limosa Standley, Muhlenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Hesperonia limosa retrorsa Standley, Muhlenbergia 5: 104. 1909.

Mirabilis californica glutinosa Jepson, Fl. Calif. 458. 1914.

Mirabilis californica retrorsa Jepson, Fi. Calif. 458. 1914.

Plants erect or ascending, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the branches 3-6
dm. long, slender or stout, with usually elongate internodes, whitish, glabrous below, puberu-
lent above with mostly retrorse hairs, usually slightly viscid and often sparsely short-villous;
petioles stout, 5-12 mm. long, the uppermost blades often subsessile; blades of the lower
leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly deltoid-ovate, or suborbicular, 1.5-3.5 em. long, 1-3 em. wide,
often as broad as long, subcordate or rounded at the base, usually broadly rounded at the
apex but rarely narrowed and acutish, the blades of the upper leaves slightly smaller and
narrower, obtuse to acute at the apex, all the blades green, thick and succulent, inconspicu-
ously veined, scaberulous or puberulent with mostly retrorse hairs, glabrate in age; peduncles
numerous, axillary and crowded at the ends of the branches, those in the lower axils some-
times 14 mm. long, the upper ones much shorter, often nearly obsolete; involucre campanulate,
5-7 mm. long, densely viscid-puberulent or short-villous, the lobes shorter than the tube,
ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish; perianth 10-12 mm. long, white, sparsely viscid-
puberulent outside or glabrate; stamens equaling the perianth or slightly exserted; fruit

Par? 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 237

broadly oval in outline, 5~6 mm. long, smooth, dark-olive or brown, usually with 10 lighter
vertical lines.

Tyrz Locatiry: In Owen’s Valley in the extreme southern part of Mono County, California,
near the Southern Belle Mine.

Disrrisution: In dry, chiefly sandy soil, southwestern Utah and western Arizona, and in south-
eastern California, from Inyo County to San Diego County.

24. MIRABILIS L. Sp. Pl. 177. 1753.

Jalapa (Tourn.) Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Nyctago Juss. Gen. P1. 90. 1789.

Trimista Raf. Aut. Bot. 12. 1840.

Admirabilis (Clusius) Nieuwl. Am. Midl. Nat. 3: 280. 1914.

Perennial herbs, more or less pubescent, with dichotomous stems and tuberous roots.
Leaves opposite, petiolate or sessile, the blades broad, entire. Inflorescence axillary or of
terminal, dense or open cymes; involucre i-flowered, campanulate, calyx-like, 5-lobed, the
lobes erect, imbricate, only slightly accrescent in age; perianth corolla-like, colored, tubular
or tubular-funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, constricted above the ovary, the limb 5-lobed,
induplicate-plicate, often not broader than the tube. Stamens 3 or 5; filaments unequal,
exserted, capillary, incurved, connate at the base into a short cup; anthers didymous. Ovary
ellipsoid or obovoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate, papillose. Anthocarp coriaceous,
angled or costate, more or less constricted at both erds, often tuberculate or rugulose, glabrous
or pubescent. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp; embryo uncinate, enclosing the
farinaceous endosperm; radicle elongate, descending.

Type species, Mirabilis Jalapa L,.

Perianth tubular, the limb scarcely if at all broader than the tube.

Stamens 3; fruit puberulent. 1. M. Watsoniana.
Stamens 5; fruit glabrous.
Perianth 4-5 cm. long, not conspicuously dilated below; plants very
viscid; fruit obscurely angled. 2. M. exserta,
Perianth 2.5—3 cm. long, conspicuously dilated below; plants only slightly
viscid; fruit sharply angled. 3. M. Pringlei.
Perianth expanded into a broad limb much wider than the tube.
Perianth 2~2.2 cm. long, gradually dilated from the base to the mouth,
purplish-red. 4, M. Urbani.
Perianth 3-17 em. long, abruptly dilated into the limb.
Perianth 3-5.5 cm. long, normally purplish-red. 5 M. Jalapa.
Perianth 7-17 cm. long, white tinged with pink or purple.
Plants short-villous and very viscid, at least about the inflorescence; :
leaf-blades short-petiolate, the upper ones subsessile. 6. M. longiflora.
Plants puberulent, slightly or not at all viscid; leaf-blades, even oan
the uppermost, conspicuously petiolate. 7. M. Wrightiana.

1. Mirabilis Watsoniana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 84. 1889.

Plants erect, much branched, densely leafy, the branches puberulent above, glabrate
below; lower leaves long-petiolate, the uppermost subsessile, the blades ovate-deltoid, cordate
or truneate at the base and short-decurrent, acute or acuminate at the apex, thin, green,
glabrous, ciliate: peduncles slender, short-villous, cymosely glomerate at the ends of the
branches, tubular-campanulate, unequally 5-lobed, short-villous, slightly accrescent in age;
perianth tubular, short-villous below, gradually dilated upward, the limb scarcely broader
than the tube, 5-lobed; stamens 5, subequal, long-exserted; fruit small, obovoid-pyramidal,
dark-brown, constricted at both ends, 5-angled, the angles subtuberculate, the sides smooth,
puberulent, slightly viscid when moistened.

Typx LocaLrry: Cuesta de Solol4, Guatemala.

DistRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Jahrb. 11: pl. 2, f. Za-2h.

2. Mirabilis exserta Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 165. 1891.

Plants erect, 4-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, densely viscid-puberu-
lent, or glabrate below; petioles slender, 1~-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades rhombic-orbicular, ovate-
orbicular, broadly ovate-deltoid, or oval-ovate, 6-11 cm. long, 4-10.5 cm. wide, subcordate

238 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

or truncate at the base, attenuate to broadly rounded at the apex, often apiculate, thin,
bright-green, sparsely puberulent when young but soon glabrate, minutely ciliolate; inflores-
cence of large terminal many-flowered cymes, these bearing few small, orbicular or ovate
bracts; peduncles 1-5 mm. long, densely short-villous and viscid; involucre broadly turbinate-
campanulate, 6-11 mm. long, densely viscid-villous, the lobes shorter than the tube, broadly
triangular, acute, slightly accrescent in age; perianth 4-5 cm. long, white tinged with pink,
sparsely glandular-villous outside with short hairs, gradually dilated upward, the limh 1.5-2.5
cm. broad; stamens 5, about twice as long as the perianth; fruit broadly obovoid. or oval,
6-8 mm. long, obscurely angled, smooth, dark-brown.

TYPE LOcALIty: Summits of the spurs of the Sierra de San Francisquito, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of the Cape Region of Lower California.

3. Mirabilis Pringlei Weatherby, Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 424. 1910.

Plants erect, about 1 meter high, much branched, the branches slender, finely viscid-
puberulent; petioles slender, 3-15 mm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular to rounded-deltoid or
deltoid-ovate, 3.5-10 cm. long, 2-9 cm. wide, unequally subcordate at the base, acute to
attenuate at the apex, thin, bright-green, glabrous, ciliolate; inflorescence of terminal many-
flowered cymes, bracteate, the bracts minute; peduncles 1-6 mm. long, densely short-villous;:
involucre campanulate, 5-8 mm. long, glandular-puberulent, the lobes as long as the tube,
oval-ovate, acute or obtuse; perianth tubular, 2.5-3 cm. long, sparsely glandular-puberulent,
white tinged with pink, 4-5 mm. in diameter, slightly dilated below, the shallowly 5-lobed limb
scarcely broader than the tube; stamens 5, the filaments nearly twice as long as the perianth,
much coiled and twisted; fruit broadly obovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. in diameter, con-
stricted at both ends, sharply 5-angled, slightly tuberculate, dark-brown, glabrous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Under limestone cliffs, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, at an altitude of 915 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

4. Mirabilis Urbani Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeits. 56: 250. 1906.

Plants erect, much branched, the branches slender, puberulent above, glabrate below;
petioles 1.5 cm. long of shorter, the uppermost blades subsessile; leaf-blades ovate-deltoid,
4.5 cm. Jong and 3 em. wide or smaller, subtruncate and short-decurrent at the base, acute or
attenuate at the apex, thin, green, puberulent, ciliolate; involucres solitary in the axils and
aggregate in small cymes at the ends of the branches, campanulate, 7 mm. long, glabrate,
the lobes about as long as the tube, lance-oblong, subobtuse, ciliate, the peduncles 3-4 mm.
long, short-villous; perianth purplish-red, 2-2.2 cm. long, short-villous below, gradually dilated
from the base to the 5-lobed limb, this 12-14 mm. broad; stamens 5, exserted; fruit 6-7 mm.
long, oblong-ellipsoid, 5-angled, puberulent.

TyPE Locality: San Salvador, Michoac4n or Guerrero.
DISTRIBUTION: Michoacan and Guerrero.

5. Mirabilis Jalapa L. Sp. Pl.177. 1753.

Mirabilis odorata I,. Cent. Pl. 1: 7. 1755.

Mirabilis dichotoma I,. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.252. 1762.

Jalapa dichotoma Crantz, Inst. 2: 266. 1766.

Jalapa congesta Moench, Meth. 508. 1794,

Nyctago versicolor Salisb. Prodr. 57. 1796.

Jalapa undulata Moench, Meth. Suppl. 196. 1802.

Nyctago Jalapae DC. FI. "Fr. 3: 426. 1805.

Nyctago mirabilis Jaume St.-Hil. Expos. Fam. 1: 212. 1805.

Mirabilis pedunculata Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 311. 1812.

Mirabilis divaricata Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 17. 1831.

Mirabilis procera Bertol. Novi Comm. Bonon. 3: 15. 1839,

Mirabilis planiflora Trautv. Bull. Acad. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 6: 216. 1840.
Trimista levigata Raf. Aut. Bot. 12. 1840.

Mirabilis ambigua Trautv. Linnaea 15: Lit. Ber. 97. 1841.

Mirabilis Jalapa procera Choisy, in DC. Prod. 13%: 428. 1849.

Mirabilis Jalapa ambigua Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 132: 428. 1849,

Mirabilis Jalapa planifiora Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 13?: 428. 1849.
Mirabilis Jalapa odorata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 21: 616. 1896.

Mirabilis Jalapa volcanica Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 367. 1909,
Mirabilis Jalapa gracilis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 367. 1909,

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAR 239

Mirabilis Jalapa Lindheimeri Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 368. 1909.
Mirabilis Jalapa ciliata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 368. 1909.
Admirabilis peruana Nieuwl. Am. Midi. Nat. 3: 280. 1914.

Erect perennial, 4-10 dm. high, from a thick woody or fleshy root, much branched, the
branches erect or ascending, slender or stout, glabrous, puberulent, or rarely short-villous,
often viscid; petioles slender, 0.3-5 cm. long, the uppermost blades on very short petioles;
leaf-blades ovate-deltoid, broadly ovate, ovate-oblong, or rarely lance-ovate, 4-14 cm. long,
2-8.5 cm. wide, subcordate to rounded at the base, short-decurrent, acute to attenuate
at the apex, often abruptly so, rarely obtuse, thin, bright-green, glabrous or rarely puberulent,
usually ciliolate; peduncles 1-2 mm. long or rarely longer, or wanting, cymosely glomerate
at the ends of the branches, the inflorescence bearing numerous reduced leaves; involucre
campanulate, 7-15 mm. long, glabrous, puberulent, or short-villous, the lobes longer than
the tube, linear-lanceolate to lance-ovate, acute to attenuate, usually ciliolate; perianth 3-5.5
em. long, purplish-red (in qultivation often white, yellow, or variegated), glabrous or sparsely
villous outside, the tube 2-5 mm. thick, gradually dilated upward, the limb 2-3.5 cm. broad,
shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes broadly rounded; stamens 5, equaling or slightly exceeding the
perianth; fruit obovoid or oval, 7-9 mm. long, 5-angled, verrucose or rugose, dark-brown or
black, glabrous or puberulent.

TYPE LOCALITY: Described from cultivated plants.

DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, Mexico, Central America, and southward through tropical
South America; general in the West Indies but probably naturalized; adventive in Florida and
along the Gulf Coast of the United States and rarely escaping from cultivation elsewhere; widely
cultivated and now naturalized through the tropical regions of the Old World.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Edwards, New Bot. Gard. 1: $l. 36. f. 1; Bot. Mag. pl. 371; Lam. Tab. Encyc.
pl. 105; Mart. Fl. Bras. 142: pl. 81; Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 2: f. 580; Descourt. Fl. Ant. 2: pl. 139;

Schkuhr, Ench. pl. 41; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127; Rheede, Hort. Malab. pl. 75; Rumph. Hort. Amboin.
pl. 89; Spach, Hist. Vég. pl. 146; Fawe. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 3: f. 49.

6. Mirabilis longiflora L. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1755: 176. 1755.

Jalapa longiflora Moench, Meth. 508. 1794.
Nyctago longiflora Salish. Prodr. 57. 1796.
Mirabilis suaveolens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 213. 1817.

Plants erect, 5-15 dm. high, much branched, the branches erect or ascending, slender,
densely viscid-puberulent or short-villous, the internodes usually longer than the leaves;
petioles slerider, usually less than 1 cm. long but rarely 4.5 cm. long in the lowest leaves, the
upper leaves sessile or subsessile; leaf-blades cordate-ovate to narrowly deltoid-ovate or lance-
ovate, 6-11.5 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, cordate at the base, acute to long-attenuate at the apex,
usually subabruptly so, thin, bright-green, densely viscid-puberulent or rarely glabrate;
inflorescence of numerous dense, axillary or terminal, leafy glomerules, these sometimes sub-
tended by long linear bractlike leaves; involucres on peduncles 3 mm. long or usually shorter,
campanulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, densely glandular-villous with short hairs, the lobes slightly
unequal, equaling or exceeding the tube, triangular to narrowly triangular-lanceolate, very
acute to long-attenuate; perianth 7-17 cm. long, densely viscid-villous outside, white tinged
with pink or purplish-red, the tube very slender, about 2 mm. in diameter, abruptly expanded
into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2-3 cm. broad; stamens 5, exserted 2.5 cm. or less; fruit oblong,
ellipsoid, 8 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, constricted at both ends, obtusely 5-angled, tubercu-
late, densely puberulent between the tubercles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. ;

DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas to southern Arizona, southward to Veracruz and Oaxaca.

I,LUSTRATIONS: Smith, Exot. Bot. 1: pl. 23; Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1755: pl. 6, f. 1; Nees,
Pl. Med. Suppl. pi. 33; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 127; Agardh, Syst. pl. 26.

7. Mirabilis Wrightiana A. Gray; Britton & Kearney, Trans. N. Y.
Acad. 14: 28. 1894.

Plants erect, 6-12 dm. high, much branched, the branches erect or ascending, slender,
minutely puberulent and scarcely or not at all viscid, glabrate below; petioles slender, 1-6 cm.
long, the uppermost blades usually short-petiolate, very rarely subsessile; leaf-blades broadly
cordate-ovate to narrowly ovate-deltoid, 5-12.5 cm. jong, 2-8 cm. wide, cordate to truncate
at the base and often short-decurrent, rather abruptly acute to long-attenuate at the

240 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

apex, thin, bright-green, minutely puberulent or in age glabrate, minutely ciliolate; inflores-
cence of numerous dense terminal headlike cymes, these subtended by leaves or narrow bracts,
the peduncles 3 mm. long or usually shorter; involucre campanulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, densely
puberulent, slightly if at all viscid, the lobes about as long as the tube, narrowly to broadly
triangular, very acute to long-attenuate; perianth white tinged with pink or purple, 10-14 cm.
long, sparsely and minutely puberulent outside, the tube very slender, 2 mm. in diameter,
abruptly expanded into a shallowly 5-lobed limb 2.5-3 cm. broad; stamens 5, exserted 3 cm.
or less; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 8 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, constricted at both ends, dark-
brown, obtusely tuberculate, puberulent.

TYPE Locauity: Mexico.
DisrRisurion: Southern Arizona to western Texas, Coahuila, and Sonora.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

MIRABILIS HYBRIDA Lepel. Ann. Mus. Paris 8: 481. 1806. (Mirabilis cordata Brouss.;
R. & §. Syst. Veg. 4:2. 1819.) A form described from cultivated material, thought to be a
hybrid between M. Jalapa and M. longiflora. It has been stated that the plant is found in
the natural state, but no such specimens have been seen by the writer.

MriraBitis OaxacaE Heimerl (Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 93: 234, hyponym. 1886)
Beitr. Syst. Nyct. 20. 1897. Said to be “a subspecies or variety with the flowers long-
tubular, the limb of the perianth narrow, the involucres short, the fruit more oblong (than in
M. Jalapa) * * * collected by Franco about Oaxaca in southern Mexico.”

VI. ABRONIEAE. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect, capitate,
the head surrounded by an involucre of distinct bracts; perianth corolla-like,
the free portion withering and persistent or deciduous, the lobes induplicate-
valvate. Stigmalinear. Anthocarp coriaceous, eglandular. Embryo curved,
the inner cotyledon abortive.

25. TRIPTEROCALYX (Torr.) Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc.
5: 261. 1853.

Abronia § Tripterocalyx Torr. in Frém. Rep. 92. 1843.
Gren Nutt.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II, 15: 319, as synonym. 1853. Not Cycloptera Endl.
1

Apaloptera Nutt.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. IT. 15: 319, as synonym. 1853
Tripteridium Torr.; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 33, assynonym. 1913.

Succulent annual herbs, erect, decumbent, or procumbent, branched, more or less pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, those of a pair unequal, long-petiolate, the blades broad, entire or
slightly sinuate. Flowers perfect, capitate, the heads many-flowered, surrounded by an
involucre of numerous distinct thin bracts, the bracts unchanged after anthesis; perianth
corolla-like, tubular-funnelform, the tube slender, clongate, constricted above the ovary,
the limb narrow, 4- or rarely 5-lobed, the lobes obovate or obcordate, emarginate or bilobate,
induplicate-plicate. Stamens 4 or rarely 5; filaments capillary, unequal, connate at the base,
united above with the perianth-tube; anthers linear-oblong, included. Ovary ovoid; style
filiform; stigma fusiform, included. Anthocarp fusiform, with 2-4 broad thin reticulate-
veined vertical wings, these completely encircling the body and extended above and below it,
the body coriaceous, spongious, or indurate, often costate between the wings. Seed with a
thin testa adherent to the pericarp; one of the cotyledons broad and enclosing the farinaceous
endosperm, the other obsolete; radicle slender, elongate, descending.

Type species, Abronia micrantha Torr.

Body of the fruit sparsely villous, coarsely transverse-costate, the veins of the
2 wings much thickened; bracts 6-10 mm. long; perianth 2-2.5 cm. long. 1. T. Crux-Maltae.
Body of the fruit glabrous or sparsely puberulent, longitudinally costate or
obscurely transverse-veined, the veins of the 3 or rarely 4 wings slender.
Perianth about 1.5 cm. long, the limb greenish.
Body of the fruit longitudinally costate; peduncles elongate, often
longer than the subtending leaves; perianth glabrous or obscurely
puberulent. 2. T. pedunculatus.

Part 3, 1918} ALLIONIACEAE 241

Body of the fruit not costate; peduncles short, always shorter than the
_ subtending leaves; perianth densely glandular-puberulent. 3. T. micranthus.
Perianth 2.5-3.5 cm. long, the limb white or pink.
Fruit 1.5-2 cm. long; perianth-limb white, pink outside; stems rather
densely pubescent with short slender hairs; bracts narrowly lanceolate. 4. T. Wootonii.
Fruit 2-3.5 cm. long; perianth-limb pink; stems sparsely pubescent with
short, conic or very stout hairs; bracts ovate or lance-ovate. 5. T. cyclopterus.

1. Tripterocalyx Crux-Maltae (Kellogg) Standley, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 12: 328. 1909,
Abronia Crux-Maliae Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 71. 1863.

Plants ascending or procumbent, much branched, the branches stout, 1-3 dm. long,
viscid-villous with very slender long white hairs or glabrate; petioles 1-4 cm. long; leaf-blades
elliptic-oblong, ovate-oblong, broadly ovate, or ovate-rhombic, 2-5 cm. long, 2-3 em. wide,
acute to rounded at the base and often unequal, narrowed to an obtuse apex, bright-green,
viscid-puberulent when young but soon glabrate; peduncles 1-6 cm. long; bracts ovate or
lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, attenuate or long-attenuate, densely viscid-villous; perianth 2-2.5
em. long, densely long-villous outside or rarely only puberulent, the limb about I cm. broad,
deeply lobed, bright purplish-pink with a green throat, the lobes deeply bilobate; fruit 1-1.5
em. long, orbicular or broader than long, the body coarsely transverse-rugose, villous, the 2
wings thin, very coarsely reticulate-veined, the veins indurate, puberulent or villous, the
margins ciliolate.

TYPE LocALIty: Carson Valley, Nevada.

DISTRIBUTION: Western Nevada and adjacent California.
InLustTRatiIon: Proc. Calif, Acad. 2: f. 16.

2. Tripterocalyx pedunculatus (M. E. Jones) Standley, Contr. U. 8.
Nat. Herb. 12: 328. 1909.

Abronia micrantha pedunculata M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 716. 1895.
Abronia pedunculata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 686. 1902.

Plants erect or decumbent, 2-3 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, glabrous
or minutely viscid-puberulent; petioles 1-4.5 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate-oblong, lance-oblong,
or broadly ovate, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm. wide, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base
and unequal, obtuse or acutish at the apex, scaberulous when young but soon glabrate, green
above, glaucescent beneath; peduncles 1.5-5.5 cm. long, often longer than the subtending
leaves; bracts lanceolate or ovate, long-attenuate, 5-10 mm. long, glabrous, obscurely ciliolate;
perianth 1.5 cm. long, glabrous outside or obscurely puberulent, the limb 4 mm. wide, greenish-
white; fruit 2-2.5 em. long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, the body 1--3-costate between
each pair of wings, obscurely viscid-puberulent when young but soon glabrate, the wings thin,
scabertilous on the margins, with conspicuous slender reticulate veins; seed oblong-cylindric,
6-7 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, brown.

Type Locality: St. George, Utah, at an altitude of 810 meters, in red sand.

DistrrBurion: Central Utah to northwestern Arizona. :

The fruit of this plant resembles that of T. Wootonii and the flowers those of T. micranthus.
Possibly it is a hybrid between those two species.

3. Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torr.) Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Mise.
5: 261. 1853.*

Abronia micrantha Torr. in Frém. Rep. 92. 1843.

Cycloptera annua Nutt.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci, II. 15: 319, assynonym. 1853.
Apalopiera annua Nutt.; A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 319, assynonym. 1853.
Tripteridium micranthum Torr.; Britt. & Brown, Ul. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 33, as synonym. 1913.

Plants much branched, the branches stout, 2-5 dm. long, ascending or procumbent,
glaucescent, scabrous or viscid-puberulent with short stout hairs, finally glabrate; petioles
1-5 em. long; leaf-blades lance-oblong, oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate, or rhombic-ovate, 2.5-6
cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, narrowed to an obtuse or
rarely rounded apex, green above, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, scaberulous when young
but soon glabrate, scaberulo-ciliolate; peduncles 1-2.5 cm. long, much shorter than the sub-

* By typographical error the specific name was given by Hooker as macranthus.

242 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VorumE 21

tending leaves; bracts lanceolate or lance-ovate, 6-10 mm. long, long-attenuate, glabrous or
viscid-puberulent, ciliate; perianth about 1.5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent outside, the limb
3-4 mm. broad, greenish-white; fruit 1.5~3 em. long, usually 3-winged, retuse or rounded at
the apex, the body very thick, loosely spongious, coarsely rugose or nearly smooth, glabrous .
or obscurely puberulent, the wings thin, finely veined, scaberulo-ciliolate; seed narrowly oblong,
6-8 mm. long, obtusely 3-angulate, brown.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near the mouth of the Sweetwater River [Natrona County, Wyoming].
DISTRIBUTION: In sandy soil, western Kansas to North Dakota, Montana, Nevada, and north-
ern New Mexico.

go Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1423; ed. 2. f. 1732; Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 9,

4. Tripterocalyx Wootonii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
329. 1909.

Plants ascending or decumbent, 2-5 dm. high, much branched, the branches stout, pale-
green, densely pubescent with short slender viscid hairs when young, glabrate in age; petioles
1.5-5.5 cm. long: leaf-blades narrowly deltoid-oblong to oblong-ovate, oblong, broadly ovate,
or rhombic-ovate, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, 0.8-3 em. wide, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base,
narrowed to an obtuse, rounded, or rarely acute apex, bright-green above, glaucous or glauces-
cent beneath, when young pubescent with short slender viscid hairs, glabrate in age; peduncles
3-15 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 11-18 mm. long, long-attenuate, viscid-villous with
short hairs; perianth 2.5—3.2 cm. long, viscid-puberulent outside, the limb 8-10 mm. broad,
white inside, pale-pink outside, the lobes emarginate; fruit 1.5-2 cm. long, usually 3-winged,
rounded at both ends, the body hard and rigid, 1-3-costate between each pair of wings, sparsely
puberulent or glabrous, the wings thin, finely reticulate-veined, scaberulo-ciliolate; seed nar-
rowly oblong, 7-8 mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, pale-
brown.

TypE Locality: Near Ojo Caliente, Zufii Reservation, New Mexico.
Disrrisution: In dry, sandy soil, northwestern New Mexico and northern Arizona; probably
also in adjacent Utah and Colorado.

5. Tripterocalyx cyclopterus (A. Gray) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 329. 1909.

Abronia cycloptera A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 15: 319, excluding synonyms. 1853.
Abronia carnea Greene, Pittonia 3: 343. 1898.

Plants erect or decumbent, 3-6 dm. high, much branched, the branches very stout,
sparsely scabrous with short conic hairs or glabrate; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long; leaf-blades oblong
to lance-oblong, ovate-oblong, or narrowly ovate, 4-7.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, truncate
to obtuse at the base and usually unequal, acute to obtuse at the apex, sometimes apiculate,
bright-green above, glaucous or glaucescent beneath, scabrous beneath when young, glabrate
in age; peduncles 3-11 cm. long; bracts ovate, lance-ovate, or oval, 12-22 mm. long, rather
abruptly long-attenuate, very thin, usually glabrous, ciliate; perianth 3-3.5 cm. long, viscid-
puberulent or short-villous outside, bright-pink, the limb 8-13 mm. broad, the lobes deeply
bilobate; fruit 2-3.5 cm. long, usually 3-winged, the body hard and rigid, 3-costate between
each pair of wings, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, the wings thin, finely reticulate-veined,
scaberulo-ciliolate, the terminal flower of each head rarely producing an elliptic-fusiform ex-
alate fruit; seed narrowly oblong, 8-9 mm. long, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, pale-
brown.

‘Type LocaLiry: Along the Rio Grande, southern New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: In dry, sandy soil, western Texas, southern New Mexico, and northern Chi-
huahua.

26. ABRONIA Juss. (Gen. 448, hyponym. 1789); Lam. Tab. Encyc.
1: 469. 1791.
Tricratus L’Hér.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 807. 1799.

Annual or perennial herbs with branched stems, sometimes cespitose and apparently
acaulescent, more or less pubescent with viscid hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of a

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 243

pair usually very unequal, the blades succulent, entire or sinuate-lobed. Flowers perfect,
capitate, few or many in each head, the heads long-pedunculate, each subtended by usually 5
distinct scarious bracts; perianth funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, constricted above the
ovary, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes induplicate-plicate, bilobate, the perianth withering and
often persistent after anthesis. Stamens usually 5; filaments capillary, unequal, connate at
the base, above adnate to the perianth-tube; anthers linear-oblong, included. Ovary ovoid;
style filiform, the stigma fusiform, included. Anthocarp turbinate or biturbinate, coriaceous
or indurate, eglandular, deeply lobed or winged, the wiugs or lobes 2-5. Seed adherent by
the testa to the pericarp; one of the cotyledons broad, concave, enclosing the farinaceous endo-
sperm, the other abortive; radicle exterior, elongate, descending.
Type species, Abronia umbellata Lam.

Perianth yellow. I. Latifoliae.
Perianth white, pink, or purplish-red.
Fruits, at least most of them, winged. III. Umbellatae.

Fruits not winged, usually deeply lobed, the lobes often compressed and
winglike, but the central cavity extending quite to their edges.
Plants acaulescent or nearly so, perennial, cespitose, with branched

catudices. IV. Nenae.
Plants with elongate stems, annuals or perennials, never cespitose.
Perianth deep dark-red; prostrate seacoast perennials. II. Maritimae.

Perianth white, pink, or purplish-red.
Flowers 3 or 4 in each head; fruits not lobed; perianth purplish-
red. Ill. Umbellatae.
Flowers numerous in each head; most of the fruits deeply lobed.
Plants perennial; perianth white, or abnormally purplish-red
in one species; bracts usually large and broad. V. Fragrantes.
Plants annual; perianth usually purplish-red, sometimes
white inside but always reddish outside; bracts small and
narrow, lanceolate or lance-linear. VI. Turbinaiae.

I. LATIFOLIAE

A single species. 1. A. latifolia.
II, MARITIMAE
A single species. 2. A. maritima.
III. UMBELLATAE
Fruits all exalate; flowers 3 or 4 in each head. 3. A. alpina.
Fruits all or mostly winged; flowers numerous in each head.
Wings of the fruit 2; bracts broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate. 4. A. pogonantha.
Wings of the fruit usually 3-5; bracts commonly lance-ovate to narrowly
lanceolate.
Perianth about 12 mm. long.
Wings of the fruit broad, widest above, prolonged above the body
of the fruit and acute. : 7. A. acutalata.
Wings of the fruit narrow, widest at the middle, narrowed upward :
and not prolonged above the body of the fruit. 8. A. brevi flora.

Perianth 15 mm. long or longer. .
Limb of the perianth white; erect or procumbent perennial of the ;
interior plains and hillsides. ee 13. A. mellifera,
Limb of the perianth purplish-red, or abnormally white in some
prostrate seashore plants. .
Perianth-tube 16-20 mm. long; stems densely villous; annual :
plant of interior plains and hillsides. 5. A. pinetorum.
Perianth-tube 10-14 mm. long. . ;
Stem and perianth densely long-villous; body of the fruit
strongly rugose-veined, the coarse veins extending into :
the wings; plant of interior plains and foothills. 6. A. villosa.
Stem and perianth glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely. short-
villous; body of the fruit not rugose-veined; plants of
seashores.
Wings of the fruit indurate and woody. 9. A. alba.
Wings of the fruit thin and soft.
Wings of the fruit truncate or narrowed above, not
prolonged above the body, the whole fruit usually
longer than broad; Jeaf-blades entire or nearly so;
stems viscid-puberulent or glabrate. 10. A. umbellate.
Wings of the fruit rounded or acutish at the apex, pro-
longed above the body, the fruit often broader
than long. .
Stems copiously villous; leaf-blades sinuate-lobed -
or undulate; bracts ovate or lance-ovate. 11. A. gracilis.

244 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Vorums 21

Stems viscid-puberulent or glabrate; leaf-blades
usually entire; bracts lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate. 12, A. minor.
IV. NANAE
Bracts lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 2 mm. wide; leaf-blades suborbicular
to ovate. 14, A. Covillei.
Bracts oval to oblong, 3.5-7 mm. wide.
Leaf-blades suborbicular to oblong-elliptic, 5-14 mm. wide. 15. A. nana,
Leaf-blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 3.5—-4 mm. wide. 16, A. Bigelovii.

V. FRAGRANTES

Stems copiously villous or short-villous, at least above.
Fruit whitish-stramineous, turbinate, often as broad as long, the winglike

lobes dilated at the apex and flat-topped. 17. A. salsa.
Fruit dark-olivaceous or brownish, usually biturbinate and much longer
than broad, the lobes compressed and thin-edged throughout. 18. A. fragrans.

Stems puberulent or glabrous.
Bracts rounded or very obtuse at the apex, 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide.
Perianth 18-22 mm. long; leaf-blades usually oval to ovate-oblong,

longer than wide. . 19. A. elliptica,
Perianth 12-14 mm. long; leaf-blades, even those of the upper leaves,
orbicular or nearly so. 20. A. orbiculata.

Bracts acute to attenuate.
Stems glabrous or nearly so; bracts 11-15 mm. long; fruit 7-10 mm.
long, biturbinate. 21. A. glaucescens,
Stems copiously viscid-puberulent; bracts 4-10 mm. long; fruit less
than 7 mm. long.
Perianth about 12 mm. long; bracts 4-5 mm. long, elliptic-oblong
or lance-ovate. 22, A. ammophila,
Perianth 13-20 mm. long; bracts 5-10 mm. long.
Bracts linear-lanceolate or narrowly oval, usually 2-3 mm. wide;
leaf-blades mostly subcordate at the base; fruit biturbinate,
6-8 mm. long. 23, A. texana.
Bracts oval or broadly ovate, usually 4-5 mm. wide; leaf-blades
very acute to rounded at the base; fruit about 5 mm. long.
Fruit turbinate, the lobes flat-topped ; leaf-blades mostly

oblong or ovate-oblong, 0.7-2.5 cm. wide. 24, A. pumila.
Fruit biturbinate, the lobes compressed above; leaf-blades
Jance-elliptic or lanceolate, 0.4—-1 cm. wide. 25. A. Carletoni.

VI. TURBINATAE

Bracts 6-12 mm. long, lanceolate or lance-linear, very acute or attenuate;
perianth purplish-red; blades of the leaves usually much longer than broad. 26. A. angustifolia.
Bracts 5-7 mm. long, obtuse to very acute; perianth white within, reddish
outside; blades of the lower leaves mostly as broad as long.
Fruit deeply lobed, the lobes compressed and acute; bracts linear-lanceolate

or lance-oblong, very acute or attenuate. 27. A. turbinata.
Fruit shallowly lobed, the lobes with obtuse edges; bracts ovate or oval,
obtuse or acutish. 28. A. exalata.

I. Latifoliae. Prostrate perennials of seashores, with thick fleshy roots. Leaf-blades
mostly orbicular. Bracts ovate or oval. small. Perianth yellow. Fruit thick-coriaceous,
deeply lobed, the lobes winglike.

1. Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersb. 5: 271. 1826.

Abronia arenaria Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. pl. 193. 1827.
Tricratus arenarius Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 53. 1827,

Perennial, from an elongate fleshy root, this 2-10 cm. in diameter and often 30 cm. long
or longer; stems very stout, 3-10 dm. long, sparingly branched, prostrate, densely glandular-
puberulent, the internodes mostly longer than the leaves; petioles stout, 1-6 em. long, viscid-
puberulent; leaf-blades orbicular to oval, rounded-deltoid, or reniform, 1.5-4 em. long, 1-4
cm. wide, obtuse to subcordate at the base, sometimes short-decurrent, broadly rounded at
the apex, thick and succulent, sparsely or densely and minutely viscid-puberulent, or some-
times glabrate; peduncles stout or slender, 2-10 em. long, viscid-puberulent or viscid-villous;
bracts 5, broadly ovate or ovate-oval, 5-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, scarious,
viscid-puberulent or short-villous; flowers numerous, the perianth 13-15 mm. long, the tube
slender, short-villous or viscid-puberulent, greenish-yellow, the limb 5-8 mm. broad, yellow;
fruit biturbinate, 8-15 mm. long, deeply 5-lobed, coriaceous, puberulent, 1-costate in the angles,

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 245

the lobes compressed, winglike, transverse-veined, attenuate upward or subtruncate; seed
elliptic-oblong, 4-5 mm. long, brown.

TYPE LocaLity: California.

; DisTRIBUTION: Sandy seashores, southern British Columbia to Santa Barbara County, Cali-
‘ornia.

InLustrations: Bot. Mag. pl. 6546; Cycl. Am. Hort. 1: f. 3; Gard. Chron, II. 16: 365; Hook.
Exot. Fl. pl. 193; Contr. U.S. wat, Herb. 12: 7.49. - oe —

II. Maritimae. Prostrate perennials of seashores. Leaf-blades mostly oval. .Bracts
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Perianth deep dark-red. Fruit thick-coriaceous, deeply
lobed, the lobes winglike.

2. Abronia maritima Nutt.: S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 4. 1880.

Perennial, much branched, the branches very stout, 2-10 dm. long, densely glandular-
puberulent and often short-villous, the internodes longer or shorter than the leaves; petioles
stout, 1-2.5 cm. long; leaf-blades broadly oval, ovate-oval, or oval-oblong, rarely suborbicular,
2-5.5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, rounded to cuneate at the base, broadly rounded at the apex,
entire, very thick and succulent, concolorous, minutely and very densely viscid-puberulent;
peduncles axillary, numerous, 1.5~8 em. long; heads few- or many-flowered, the bracts lance-
olate or linear-lanceolate, attenuate or long-attenuate, 8-11 mm. long, densely viscid-villous;
perianth 12-14 mm. long, deep dark-red, densely glandular-puberulent and more or less vil-
lous, the limb about 4 mm. broad; fruit 10-15 mm. long, coriaceous, turbinate but often very
irregular, frequently broader than long, deeply lobed, the lobes very thin and acute, usually
extended above the body of the fruit, densely puberulent or short-villous, glabrate below; seed
oblong, 5 mm. long, dark blackish-brown, lustrous.

Type Locality: San Pedro, California.

s DISTRIBUTION: On sea beaches, Santa Barbara County, California, to Lower California and
inaloa,

Ill. Umbellatae. Annuals or perennials, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, of seashores
or of interior valleys and hillsides. Leaf-blades variable in outline. Bracts usually small
and narrow. Perianth purplish-red, pink, or white. Fruits, at least most of those in each
head, winged, the outermost ones often exalate (all exalate in one species), the body usually
indurate and woody.

3. Abronia alpina Brand. Bot. Gaz. 27: 456. 1899.

Annual, much branched, the branches prostrate, forming mats 2 dm. or less in diameter,
viscid-puberulent or short-villous; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long, short-villous; leaf-blades
orbicular or rounded-oval, 4-9 mm. long and of about the same breadth, entire, viscid-puberu-
lent; peduncles slender, 5-6 mm. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts lance-ovate, 2-3 mm. long,
attenuate; heads 3-5-flowered; perianth 12-15 mm. long, white or pink, viscidly short-villous
outside, the limb 8 mm. wide or Jess; fruit 3-4 mm. long, narrowed to each end, obtusely or
acutely angled, reticulate-veined, puberulent.

‘ype LocaLIty: Monatchy Meadows of Mount Whitney, California, at an elevation of 2100

to 2400 meters. : : ;
DIstRIBUTION: Sandy meadows in the southern Sierra Nevada, California.

ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 58.

4, Abronia pogonantha Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 87. 1889.

Abronia angulata M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 8: 39. 1898.

Annual, much branched, the branches stout, ascending or decumbent, villous with long
slender hairs and viscid-puberulent, often tinged with red; petioles 1-3.5 cm. long; leaf-blades
ovate-oblong or broadly ovate, rarely orbicular-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 2.5-4.5 em. long, 1-2
or rarely 3 cm. wide, rounded or rarely cordate at the base, rounded or very obtuse at the
apex, entire, glandular-puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface, viscid-villous along the
veins beneath and on the margins, at least when young; peduncles slender, 2-7 cm. long,
viscid-villous and glandular-puberulent; bracts broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 7-10 mm.

246 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

long, acute or attenuate, scarious, viscid-villous outside, perianth about 2 em. long, white or
pink, the tube puberulent or glabrate above, usually densely long-villous below, the limb 6-8
mim. broad; fruit orbicular-obcordate, 3-6 mm. long, compressed, 2-winged, rounded or obtuse
at the base, the body finely reticulate-veined, the wings thin, obsctrely veined, minutely cilio-
late; seed obovate, 2 mm. long, compressed, dark-brown, lustrous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sandy banks of the Mohave River, California.

DistR1BuTIoN: In sandy soil, Inyo County to Los Angeles County, California.
Intusrrations: Bot Jahrb. 11: pl. 2; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 57.

5. Abronia pinetorum Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 537. 1905.

Abronia aurita Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 537. 1905.
Abronia villosa aurita Jepson, Fl. Calif. 455. 1914.

Annual, much branched, the branches ascending, decumbent, or procumbent, 2-8 dm.
long, stout, viscid-villous with long slender hairs; petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, villous; leaf-
blades rhombic-orbicular to oval or deltoid-ovate, 1.5-8 cm. long, 1-6.5 cm. wide, subcordate
to obtuse at the base, sometimes short-decurrent, broadly rounded to obtuse at the apex,
entire or undulate, viscid-villous on both surfaces or sometimes glabrate above; peduncles
stout or slender, 3-12.5 cm. long, villous; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 8-12
mm. long, attenuate or long-attenuate, viscid-villous outside; perianth 2.5-3.5 cm. long,
purplish-red, the tube puberulent, short-villous, or glabrate above, long-villous below, the
limb 1.5-2 cm. wide; fruit 7-15 mm. long and usually broader, the body indurate, rugose-
veined, the 3 or 4 wings thin, broad, usually extended above the body, rounded, acutish, or
truncate at the apex, smooth or obscurely rugose-veined, stramineous or whitish, usually
villous-ciliate; seed oblong, 2-4 mm. long, brown, lustrous.

TyYPe Locality: Open pine forests, Thomas Valley, San Jacinto Mountains California.
DISTRIBUTION: Riverside and San Diego counties, California.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 12: f. 55, 56.

6. Abronia villosa S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.

Annual, much branched, the branches stout, 1-5 dm. long, ascending, decumbent, or
procumbent, villous and usually very viscid, often tinged with red; petioles slender or stout,
0.5-3.5 em. long; leaf-blades rhombic-ovate to oval, oblong, deltoid-ovate, or suborbicular,
1-3.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, rounded or subcordate at the base and often very unequal,
sometimes short-decurrent, broadly rounded to acutish at the apex, entire or sometimes
undulate, viscid-puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface, usually viscid-villous beneath;
peduncles slender, 2-8.5 cm. long, densely or sparsely viscid-villous; bracts linear-lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long, attenuate or long-attenuate, scarious, viscid-villous outside;
perianth 17-20 mm. long, purplish-red, the tube densely villous throughout with short or
long hairs, rarely only puberulent above, the limb about 1 cm. broad; fruit 6—8 mm. long and
often broader than long, the body indurate, rugose-veined, villous above, the wings 3 or 4,
or sometimes abortive, broad, thin, usually prolonged above the body, rounded to acutish
above, whitish, stramineous, or tinged with red, ciliolate above; seed narrowly oblong, 2.5 mm.
long, dark-brown, lustrous.

Type Locatity: Arizona. .
DistrrBurion: In sandy soil, southwestern Arizona, western Sonora, and southern California,
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 54.

7. Abronia acutalata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 312.
1909.

Annual, much branched, the branches prostrate, stout, short-villous with viscid whitish
hairs; petioles stout, 1-4.5 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate to ovate-oval or oval, 2-5 cm. long,
0.8-3 cm. wide, rounded to acute at the base and often very unequal, rounded or very
obtuse at the apex, entire, green, minutely viscid-puberulent or glabrous; peduncles slender,
2.5-4.5 cm. long, villous with short viscid hairs; bracts lanceolate, very acute, 5 mm. long,
viscid-villous; perianth 12 mm. long, the tube villous with short viscid hairs, green, the limb

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 247

5 mm. wide, purplish-red; fruit about 1 cm. long and wide, the body short-villous above, the
wings thin, prolonged above the body and acute, narrowed below.

Tyre LocaLity: Clallam County, Washington.
DistRisuTIon: On sandy beaches, Clallam County, Washington.
InLustration: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 29, f. 1.

8. Abronia breviflora Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 312.
1909.

Annual, much branched, the branches slender or stout, prostrate, densely viscid-puberu-
lent and more or less short-villous; petioles slender, 1.5-4 em. long; leaf-blades broadly ovate
to ovate-oblong, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, rounded to
obtuse at the apex, entire, green, sparsely and minutely viscid-puberulent; peduncles slender,
2-4 cm. long, viscid-puberulent or short-villous; bracts linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-6
mm. long, attenuate or long-attenuate, short-villous outside, scarious; perianth 12 mm. long,
the tube green, short-villous with white hairs, the limb 5 mm. broad, purplish-red; fruit about
8 mm. long, the body tapering to each end, indurate, short-villous above, nearly smooth, the
wings thin, whitish or stramineous, narrow, narrowed at both ends, the wings sometimes
abortive; seed narrowly oblong, 2.5—3 cm. wide, dark-brown, lustrous.

TYPE LOcALITy: Mendocino, California.

DisTRiguTIon: On sandy beaches, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 30.

9. Abronia alba Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: 97. 1898.

Abronia umbellata alba M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 45. 1902.
Abronia insularis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 311. 1909.
Abronia neurophylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 314. 1909.

Perennial, from an elongate woody root; stems stout or slender, 2-10 dm. long, sparsely
branched, stramineous or whitish, often tinged with red, viscid-puberulent or glabrate, the
internodes usually longer than the leaves; petioles slender, 1-3.5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent
or glabrate; leaf-blades irregular in outline, suborbicular, rounded-rhombic, oval, ovate-oval,
deltoid-ovate, or elliptic-oblong, 1-45 cm. long, 1—3.5 cm. wide, truncate to obtuse at the
base, rounded or very obtuse at the apex, entire or subsinuate, succulent, glabrous or sparsely
viscid-puberulent; peduncles slender, 4-12 cm. long, viscid-puberulent or glabrate; bracts
lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, acute or attenuate, scarious, viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous,
the perianth 15-20 mm. long, the tube slender, greenish-pink, viscid-puberulent, the limb
7~10 mm. broad, rose-purple or white; fruit about 1 cm. long, puberulent or short-villous
above, the body indurate, 1-costate in the angles, 5-winged, the wings coriaceous, conspicuously
veined, prolonged above the body and rounded, narrowed below; seed elliptic-oblong, 4-5 mm.
long, brown.

TyrE LocaLity: San Nicolas Island, California. . .
DISTRIBUTION: Sandy seashores, San Nicolas and San Clemente islands, and on the adjacent

coast of California. .
ILnLustRations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 51, pl. 28, 32; Proc. Calif. Acad. ITI. 1: pl. 8,

f. 4a, 4b.

10. Abronia umbellata Lam. Tab. Encyc. 1: 469. 1791.

Tricratus admirabilis L’/Hér.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 807. 1797.

Abronia californica Raeusch. Nom. Bot. ed. 3.191. 1797.

Abronia rotundifolia Gaertn. Fruct. 3: 181. 1807.

Abronia glauca Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. pl. 194, as synonym. 1827.

Abronia rosea Hartw.; Baxter, in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. 479, hyponym. 1850.

Perennial; stems slender, prostrate, 2-10 dm. long, sparsely or much branched, succulent,
often tinged with red, viscid-puberulent or glabrous, the internodes usually longer than the
leaves; petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent or glabrous; leaf-blades irregular in
outline, oval-ovate, rhombic-oval, oval, ovate, lance-elliptic, or lance-oblong, 1.5-7 cm. long,
0.5-3.5 cm. wide, rounded to very acute at the base, rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire or
subsinuate, succulent, sparsely viscid-puberulent or glabrous; peduncles slender, 3-15 mm.
long, viscid-puberulent or glabrate; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long,

248 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Vorumy 21

acute to attenuate, scarious, viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous, the perianth 12-16 mm.
long, the tube yellowish-green, viscid-puberulent, the limb 8-10 mm. broad, rose-purple; fruit
about 1 cm. long and wide, viscid-villous or puberulent above, the body indurate, 1~3-costate
in the angles, usually 5-winged, the wings coriaceous, truncate or narrowed upward, not pro-

longed above the body, slightly narrowed toward the base; seed elliptic-oblong, 3-5 mm. long,
brown.

TYPE Locality: Described from specimens cultivated at Paris, grown from seeds brought
from Monterey, California.

DistRiBuTIoN: Sandy seashores, California, from Marin County to Los Angeles County.
_ InLustrations: Fl. Serres 11: pl. 1095; Hook. Exot. Fl. pl. 194; Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 16: pl. 36;
Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 1: f. 1; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 214; Cav. Ic. pl. 326; Kerner, Hort. Semperv. i.
a Jour. Hort. Soc. London 4: 82; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 52; Lam. Tab. Encyc. 1: pl.

_ Specimens collected on the sbores of Monterey Bay, Monterey, California (Pl. Calif. Distr.
Univ. Calif. no. 88) are believed by Mrs. K. Brandegee to represent a hybrid between Abronia
latifolia and A. umbellata. In habit the plants are said to resemble A. Jatifolia; the perianth is
either pink or yellow. Aside from the color of the flowers, the specimens seem to agree very well
with typical A. umbellata.

11. Abronia gracilis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844.

Abronia platyphylla Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 314. 1909.
Abronia alba platyphylla Jepson, Fl. Calif. 455. 1914.

Annual, much branched, the branches slender, 1-6 dm. long, prostrate, viscid-villous or
rarely only viscid-puberulent; petioles slender, 1-3 em. long; leaf-blades oblong to oval, ovate,
or suborbicular, 2-4.5 em. long; 0.7-3 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, broadly rounded
to obtuse at the apex, green, undulate or often deeply sinuate-lobed, viscid-puberwlent or
villous, often glabrate on the upper surface; peduncles slender, 2-10 cm. long, copiously viscid-
villous or rarely glabrate; bracts ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly ovate, 6-10 mm. long, atten-
uate or long-attenuate, villous outside, scarious; perianth about 2 cm. long, purplish-red or
pink, the tube viscid-puberulent or villous, the limb 7-8 mm. wide; fruit 6-11 mm. long,
stramineous or whitish, the body indurate, rugose-veined or nearly smooth, villous above, the
wings 3-5, broad, thin, smooth or obscurely veined, prolonged above the body and rounded,
with usually narrow sinuses, only slightly narrowed below, villous-ciliate above; seed oblong,
2.5~3 mm. long, dark-brown, lustrous.

TYPE Locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California.

DistRIBUTION: On sandy beaches, Lower California and San Diego County, California.
InLustrations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 53, pl. 33.

12. Abronia minor Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 313.
1909.

Abronia variabilis Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 314. 1909.
Abronia alba variabilis Jepson, Fl. Calif. 455. 1914.

Annual, much branched, the branches slender, prostrate, 2-10 dm. long, minutely puberu-
lent and slightly viscid or often glabrate, the internodes usually much longer than the leaves;
petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long; leaf-blades very irregular in outline, oval, broadly ovate, sub-
orbicular, obovate, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 0.3-2.5 cm. wide, rounded
to attenuate at the base, broadly rounded to obtuse at the apex, entire or undulate or rarely
sinuate-lobed, glabrous or minutely viscid-puberulent; peduncles slender, 2-7 cm. long, viscid-
puberulent or rarely short-villous; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, very
acute or attenuate, scarious, viscid-puberulent or short-villous outside; perianth 17-20 mm.
long, purplish-red, the tube viscid-puberulent or short-villous, the limb 7-10 mm. broad;
fruit 6-12 mm. long, usually broader than long, the body indurate, rugose-veined or nearly
smooth, puberulent above, the wings thin, broad, prolonged above the body and rounded or
acutish, ciliolate above, the outer fruits of the head often exalate; seed narrowly oblong, 2.5-
3.5 mm. long, dark-brown, lustrous.

Typr LocaLity: Near San Luis Obispo, California.

DiIstRIBUTION: On sandy beaches, San Luis Obispo County to San Diego County, California,
In_ustRations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 29, f. 2, pl. 31, f. 1.

Parr 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 249

13. Abronia mellifera Dougl. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2879. 1829.

Abronia Menziesii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 125, as synonym. 1838.
Abronia vespertina Dougl.; Hook. Fi. Bor. Am. 2: 125, assynonym. 1838.
Abronia Suksdor fii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 17: 348. 1892.

Abronia lanceolata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 685, 1902.

Perennial; stems few or numerous, stout or slender, erect or decumbent, 2-6 dm. long,
copiously or sparsely branched, whitish, minutély viscid-puberulent or glabrate, the internodes
short or elongate; petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate; leaf-blades mostly
ovate-oblong, sometimes suborbicular, rhombic-ovate, oval, or lance-elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long,
1-4 cm. wide, rounded to acute at the base, rounded to acute at the apex, entire or subsinuate,
minutely puberulent or glabrate; peduncles slender, 4-20 cm. long, minutely viscid-puberulent
or glabrate; bracts linear-lanceolate to lance-oblong, 5-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, or rarely
wider in age, acute to attenuate, scarious, white, minutely viscid-puberulent or glabrate;
flowers numerous, the perianth 22-30 mm. long, obscurely puberulent or glabrous, the tube
very slender, greenish-white, the limb 8-11 mm. broad, white; fruit 7-10 mm. long and of
about the same breadth, subcoriaceous or thick-coriaceous, minutely puberulent, usually
stramineous, commonly 5-winged, the wings thin, narrowed below, truncate above, or some-
times slightly prolonged above the body and rounded; seed elliptic-oblong, 2.5~3 mm. long,
dark-brown.

Tver LocaLiry: Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia River, Oregon or Washington.

DISTRIBUTION: In sand or sandy soil, Idaho and eastern Washington and Oregon.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 66, 67.

IV. Nanae. Cespitose perennials with branched caudices, appearing acaulescent.
Leaves crowded, apparently basal, the blades narrow or broad. Peduncles scapelike. Bracts
stnall and narrow or large and broad. Perianth white (unknown in one species). Fruit
deeply lobed, the lobes winglike.

14. Abronia Covillei Heimerl, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 52: 197. 1908.
Abronia nana Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 178. 1893. Not A. nana S. Wats. 1870.

Densely cespitose perennial from a thick woody root, the caudex much branched, the
very stout branches interlaced, 3-4 cm. long, bearing dense fascicles of leaves; petioles 1-4 cm.
long, puberulent; leaf-blades ovate-rhombic, ovate, ovate-oblong, oval, or suborbicular, 7-16
mm. long, 5-11 mm. wide, acute to truncate at the base, rounded or very obtuse at the apex,
thick, entire, concolorous, minutely puberulent; peduncles scapelike, 1.7—10 cm. long, slender,
minutely hirtellous or puberulent; beads 6-many-flowered, the 4-6 bracts lanceolate or nar-
rowly oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute or attenuate, scarious, densely and finely
puberulent; perianth 11 mm. long, finely puberulent, the limb about 8 mm. wide, white;
stamens 5-7: fruit turbinate, 7-8 mm. long, thin, deeply lobed, puberulent above, glabrous
below.

Typx Locality: Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California.
DistRIBUTION: Inyo and San Bernardino counties, California.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 34.

15. Abronia nana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 294. 1870.

Abronia nana lanciformis M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 11: 2. 1903.

Cespitose perennial from a thick woody root, the caudex sparsely branched, the branches
stout, ustially covered by the persistent imbricate petioles; leaves fasciculate, the slender
petioles 1-5.5 cm. long, the blades oval, suborbicular, ovate, or oblong-elliptic, 1-2.5 cm.
long, 0.5-1.4 cm. wide, acute to rounded at the base, rounded to acutish at the apex, thick,
entire, concolorous, finely short-vilious or minutely hirtellous when young, usually glabrate
in age; peduncles scapelike, slender, 7-15 cm. long, viscid-villous; heads many-flowered, the
bracts broadly oval, oval-ovate, or oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, obtuse and apiculate
to acutish at the apex, scarious, glandular-puberulent and short-villous; perianth white, 2~2.5
cm. long, the slender tube giandular-puberulent or short-villous, the limb 7-8 mm. broad;

250 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLrumE 21

fruit turbinate, 7 mm. long, thin-walled, deeply lobed, truncate at the summit and puberulent,
glabrous below.

TyPE LOCALITY: Near Beaver City, southern Utah, in dry ravines among junipers.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona, and eastern Nevada.

16. Abronia Bigelovii Heimerl, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 53: 197. 1908.

Cespitose perennial from a thick woody branched caudex; leaves all basal, densely fascicu-
late upon the caudices, the blades linear-oblong, linear, or linear-oblanceolate, about 3.5 cm.
long, 3.5-4 mm. wide, obtuse at the apex, entire, green on both sides, glabrous, or minutely
puberulent when young, gradually narrowed into a petiole equaling or longer than the blade;
peduncles scapelike, 5-7 cm. long, slender, puberulent; heads many-flowered, the bracts oval
or broadly oval-ovate, 8-10 mm. long, 3.5—-7 mm. wide, abruptly acute or short-acuminate,
scarious, minutely puberulent; perianth densely puberulent; anthocarp 6~7 mm. long, ob-
pyramidal, lobed, thin, truncate above and pointed, densely puberulent.

TYPE Locality: Near Galisteo, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, 12: pl. 35.

V. Fragrantes. Perennials with branched, erect or procumbent stems. Leaf-blades
variable in outline, often very unequal at the base. Bracts usually large, broad, and conspicu-
ous. Perianth white, or very rarely purplish-red. Fruits usually deeply lobed, the lobes
mostly compressed and winglike, or the outer fruits of each head often elobate.

17. Abronia salsa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 684. 1902.

Abronia fallax Heimerl; Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 684. 1902.
Abronia fragrans pterocarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 11: 3. 1903.

Perennial, from a somewhat woody elongate root; stems few or numerous, 2-5 dm. long,
erect or decumbent, stout, whitish or stramineous, short-villous or puberulent below or some-
times glabrate, viscid-villous above with short hairs, the internodes elongate; petioles slender,
1-4 cm. long, viscid-puberulent or short-villous; leaf-blades oblong, oval, elliptic-oblong, or
oblong-ovate, rarely deltcid-ovate or suborbicular, sometimes lanceolate, 2-5.5 cm. long,
0.7-3 cm. wide, rounded to acute at the base, broadly rounded to acute at the apex, entire
or subsinuate, concolorous or paler beneath, densely viscid-puberulent; peduncles slender or
stout, 1.5-8 cm. long, viscid-villous; bracts broadly oval or rounded-ovate, 10-16 mm. long,
5-12 mm. wide, acute, white, scarious, viscid-villous or puberulent; flowers numerous, the
perianth 18-25 mm. long, the tube very slender, villous, greenish, the limb 5-8 mm. broad,
white; fruit turbinate, 5~7 mm. long, coriaceous, whitish-stramineous, short-villous or puberu-
lent, usually deeply 5-lobed, the lobes compressed and winglike, finely reticulate-veined,
truncate at the summit and flattened; seed narrowly obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, dark-brown,
lustrous.

Type Locauity: Salt Lake City, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: In sandy soil, Utah.
InLustRatTions: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 61, 62.

18. Abronia fragrans Nutt.; Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. 5: 261.
1853.

Abronia speciosa Bucki. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 7. 1862.
Abronia nudata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 683. 1902.

Abronia robusta Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 324. 1909.
Abronia Fendleri Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 324. 1909.

Perennial, from a thick elongate woody root; stems few or numerous, 2-10 dm. long,
erect or procumbent, stout, usually much branched, whitish or greenish-stramineous, viscid-
puberulent or villous below, or rarely glabrate, densely viscid-villous above with short or long
hairs, the internodes short or elongate; petioles slender or stout, 1-5.5 cm. long, viscid-villous;
leaf-blades variable in outline, mostly ovate-oblong or narrowly deltoid-ovate, sometimes
oblong, deltoid, elliptic, oval, or lanceolate, 2.5-9 cm. long, 0.8-5.5 cm. wide, truncate to

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 251

obtuse at the base or rarely subcordate, rounded to acute at the apex, efitire or subsinuate,
concolorous or paler beneath, densely viscid-puberulent or short-villous or rarely glabrate;
peduncles slender or stout, 3—12 cm. long, viscid-villous; bracts oval, ovate-oval, or ovate,
10-18 mm. long, 4-12 mm. wide, acute or attenuate, scarious, whitish, viscid-villous or
puberulent; flowers numerous, the perianth 20-25 mm. long, viscid-puberulent or short-villous,
the tube very slender, greenish, the limb 7-10 mm. broad, white or very rarely purplish-red;
fruit usually biturbinate, 5~10 mm. long, coriaceous, short-villous or puberulent, the inner
ones of each head deeply 5-lobed, the lobes compressed and winglike, even at the summit,
narrowed or truncate above, coarsely reticulate-veined, the outer fruits often fusiform and
elobate; seed obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, dark-brown, lustrous.

TYPE LocaLiry: Sandhills of the Platte River [Colorado?].

DistTRIBUTION: Usually in sandy soil, South Dakota to Idaho, southeastern Utah, Chihuahua,
and western Texas.

Intustrations: Pacif. R. R. Rep. 2: pl. 10; Bot. Mag. pl. 5544; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
t ee 64, pl. 42, 43; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 1422; ed. 2. f. 1731; Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 9,

Abronia speciosa Buckl. was based upon the red-flowered plant, which is known only from a
few collections from Oklahoma and Texas. It appears to be merely a color variant of A. fragrans.

19. Abronia elliptica A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 7. 1899.

Abronia Bakeri Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 32. 1901.

Abronia fragrans elliptica Heimerl; Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 684. 1902.
Abronia glabra Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 685. 1902.

Abronia fragrans elliptica M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 11: 3. 1903.
Abronia ramosa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 321. 1909.

Abronia glabrifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 321. 1909.

Perennial, often from a woody root; stems usually numerous, erect or decumbent, 1-5
dm. long, stout, usually copiously branched, whitish or tinged with red, glabrous or finely
viscid-puberulent, especially above; petioles slender, 1-4 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate;
leaf-blades usually oval, oval-oblong, or ovate-oblong, sometimes deltoid or elliptic-ovate, or
those of the lowest leaves suborbicular, 1-5.5 cm. long, 0.8-3.5 cm. wide, rounded, truncate,
or obtuse at the base, rounded or obtuse at the apex, succulent, entire or subsinuate, usually
pale or glaucescent beneath, minutely puberulent or glabrous; peduncles slender, 2~12 cm. long,
glabrous or puberulent; bracts broadly oval or obovate-oval, 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide,
rounded and often apiculate at the apex, scarious, white or greenish-white, glabrous or minutely
puberulent; flowers very numerous, the perianth 18-22 mm. long, viscid-puberulent, the tube
very slender, greenish-white or pinkish, the limb 5-8 mm. broad, white; fruit turbinate, or the
outer ones biturbinate, 5-8 mm. long, subcoriaceous, puberulent or short-villous above, stra-
mineous or olivaceous, usually deeply 5-lobed, the lobes compressed, finely reticulate-veined,
rounded or truncate above and flattened at the apex; seed elliptic-oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long,
brown, lustrous.

Tyre LocaLity: Green River, Wyoming. : ;

Distripution: In dry, clay or sandy soil, Wyoming to northeastern Arizona and northwestern
New Mexico.

ILLustRatTiIons: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 59, 60, pl. 39, 40, f. 1.

20. Abronia orbiculata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 322.
1909.

Perennial; stems numerous, ascending, 1.5-3 dm. long, stout, much branched, whitish,
finely viscid-puberulent; petioles slender, 1-2.5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent ; leaf-blades orbicu-
lar, rounded-oval, or rounded-deltoid, 0.8-1.7 cm. long, 0.6-1.4 cm. wide, rounded or truncate
at the base, broadly rounded at the apex, entire, thick and succulent, concolorous or slightly
paler beneath, densely and minutely viscid-puberulent, or glabrate in age; peduncles slender,
3-5 em. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts broadly oval, 1 em. long, 5-7 mm. wide, rounded at
the apex, scarious, whitish, minutely viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous, the perianth 12-14
mm. long, viscid-puberulent, the tube slender, the limb about 5 mm. broad, white; fruit
turbinate, 5 mm. long, whitish-puberulent, greenish-stramineous, usually deeply 5-lobed, the
lobes compressed, truncate or rounded at the apex.

TyPE LOCALITY: Cottonwood Springs, Vegas Valley, Nevada, at an altitude of 1050 meters.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 40, ten.

252 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 21

21. Abronia glaucescens (A. Nelson) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 326. 1909.
Abronia fragrans glaucescens A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 364. 1902.

Perennial; stems ascending or procumbent, 3-10 dm. long, stout, glaucescent or greenish,
often tinged with red, glabrous, or sparsely puberulent above, the internodes elongate; petioles
slender or stout, 1-3.5 cm. long, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; leaf-blades rounded-deltoid,
ovate-deltoid, ovate-oblong, or lance-oblong, 3-8 cm. long, 1-4.5 em. wide, suwbcordate to
obtuse at the base, broadly rounded to acute at the apex, glabrous or sparsely and minutely
puberulent, glaucescent beneath; peduncles slender, 4-18 cm. long, glabrous or puberulent;
bracts broadly oval or ovate-oval, 11-15 mm. long, 6-9 mm. wide, acute, scarious, white,
glabrous or nearly so; flowers very numerous, the perianth 2-3 mm. long, viscid-puberulent,
the tube slender, greenish, the limb 7-8 mm. broad, white; fruit biturbinate, 7-10 mm. long,
3-5 mm. thick, coriaceous, olivaceous-stramineous, sparsely puberulent, shallowly lobed or
smooth, the lobes compressed, coarsely reticulate-veined, truncate or usually narrowed above;
seed obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, castaneous, lustrous.

TYPE LOCALITY: Wyoming.
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming and Colorado.

22. Abronia ammophila Greene, Pittonia 4: 226. 1900.

Abronia avenaria Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 137. 1900. Not A. arenaria Menzies. 1827.
Abronia Nelsoni Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 191. 1901.
Abronia cheradophila A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 364. 1902,

Perennial; stems stout, sticculent, prostrate, 2-4 dm. long, densely viscid-puberulent,
much branched, the internodes short; petioles slender, 2—4.5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent;
leaf-blades oval, elliptic-oblong, or rhombic-ovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 0.6-1.3 cm. wide, rounded
to very actite at the base and usually very asymmetric, rounded at the apex, entire, succulent,
minutely viscid-puberulent; peduncles slender, 3-5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts elliptic-
oblong or lance-ovate, 4-5 mm. long, actite, viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous, the perianth
about 12 mm. long, viscid-puberulent outside, the limb 5 mm. broad, greenish-white; fruit
biturbinate, 4-6 mm. Iong, viscid-puberulent, coriaceous, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes acute and
winglike, ohscurely veined, tapering to each end; seed obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, brown.

Tyre Locality: Mouth of Pelican Creek, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
DISTRIBUTION: Sandy shores, vicinity of the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: f. 65.

23. Abronia texana Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 323.
1909.

Perennial; stems stout, 2-6 dm. long; ascending or procumbent, sparsely branched,
sparsely short-villous or glabrate, the internodes short or elongate; petioles slender, 1-4 cm.
long, finely puberulent or glabrate; Ieaf-blades ovate-deltoid, rhombic-ovate, or deltoid,
2-6.5 em. long, 1.2-4 cm. wide, cordate to rounded at the base, rounded or very obtuse at the
apex, entire or subsinuate, sparsely puberulent or glabrate; peduncles slender, 4-12 cm. long,
viscid-puberulent; bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly oval, 7-10 mm. long, usually 2-3 mm.,
rarely 4 mm., wide, acute to attenuate, scarious, whitish, short-villous or puberulent; flowers
numerous, the perianth 15-20 mm. long, the tube very slender, viscid-puberulent, greenish,
the limb 6-8 mm. broad, white; fruit biturbinate, 6-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, thin, puberu-
lent, brownish-gray, deeply 5-lobed, or the outer fruits obscurely lobed, the lobes usually com-
pressed and winglike, narrowed toward each end; seed elliptic-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, dark-
brown, lustrous.

Tyre LocaLiry: Estelline, Texas.
DIstRIBUTION: In sandy soil, northern and western Texas.
In.ustRation: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 41, f. 2.

24. Abronia pumila Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 683. 1902.
Abronia sparsifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 322. 1909.

Perennial, from a slender woody root; stems few or numerous, ascending or decumbent,
1-4 dm. long, stout, whitish, minutely viscid-puberulent or glabrate, sparsely branched, the

Part 3, 1918] ALLIONIACEAE 253

internodes short or elongate: petioles slender, 1-3 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate; leaf-blades
ovate-oblong, ovate-orbicular, deltoid-ovate, or elliptic-oblong, 1.5~3.5 em. long, 0.7-2.5 em.
wide, subcordate to obtuse at the base, rounded or obtuse at the apex, entire, thick and succu-
lent, often glaucescent beneath, minutely puberulent or glabrate; peduncles slender, 2-5 cm.
long, viscid-puberulent; bracts broadly ovate or oval, 5-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, acute or
attenuate, scarious, whitish, viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous, the perianth 13-18 mm.
long, viscid-puberulent, the tube slender, the limb about 5 mm. broad; fruit turbinate, about
5 mm. long, subcoriaceous stramineous or olivaceous, finely puberulent, usually deeply 5-lobed,
the lobes compressed, truncate and flat above; seed elliptic-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, brown.

TYPE LocaLtry: Emery, Utah, at an altitude of 2100 meters.
DIstTRIBUTION: Southern Utah and adjacent Nevada and Arizona.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 31, f. 2.

25. Abronia Carletoni Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 17: 349. 1892.

Abronia turbinata Carletoni M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 44. 1902.
Abronia Nealleyi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 323. 1909.

Perennial; stems few or numerous, ascending or procumbent, 1.5-5 dm. long, stout or
slender, whitish, viscid-puberulent, sparsely or copiously branched, the internodes elongate;
petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long, puberulent; leaf-blades elliptic to lanceolate or ovate-oblong,
1.5-2.5 cm. long, 0.4-1 cm. wide, obtuse to very acute at the base, obtuse to attenuate
at the apex, entire or subsinuate, thick and succulent, concolorous, puberulent or glabrate;
peduncles slender, 2-5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts ovate or oval-ovate, 5-8 mm. long,
3-4 mm. wide, acute or attenuate, scarious, whitish, viscid-puberulent; flowers numerous, the
perianth 13-15 mm. long, viscid-puberulent or short-villous, the tube slender, the limb 6-7
mm. broad, white; fruit biturbinate, 4-5 mm. long, subcoriaceous, brownish-olivaceous or
stramineous, short-villous or puberulent, usually deeply 5-lobed, the lobes compressed, coarsely
reticulate-veined, narrowed or subtruncate above and compressed at the apex; seed elliptic-
oblong, 2 mm. long, nearly black, lustrous.

TYPE LocaLIty: Eastern Colorado.
DisrRiBuTION: Eastern Colorado to western Texas.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 41, f. 1.

VI. Turbinatae. Erect or prostrate annuals of interior valleys and hillsides, with elongate
branched stems. Leaf-blades variable in outline, often very unequal at the base. Bracts
usually small and narrow. Perianth purplish-red or often white inside and reddish outside.
Fruit shallowly or deeply lobed, the lobes often much compressed.

26. Abronia angustifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 344. 1898.

Abronia mellifera Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv, 170. 1859. Not A. mellifera Dougl. 1829.
Abronia turbinata Torr.: S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 285, in part. 1871.

Abronia turbinata stenophylla Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 5: 190. 1901.

Abronia avizonica Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 319. 1909.

Abronia lobatifolia Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 319. 1909.

Abronia Torreyi Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 319. 1909.

Annual, much branched, the branches stout or slender, ascending or decumbent, 1-5 dm.
long, densely viscid-puberuJent or short-villous; petioles slender, 1-7.5 em. long; leaf-blades
very variable in outline, mostly ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, sometimes broadly ovate-oval,
oval, deltoid, lanceolate, or narrowly lance-oblong, 1.5-5 cm. long, 0.5-3 cm. wide, subcordate
to narrowly cuneate at the base, obtuse to attenuate at the apex, entire or undulate,
rarely shallowly lobed, viscid-puberulent or glabrate, often glaucescent beneath; peduncles
2-7 em. long, viscid-puberulent or densely viscid-villous; bracts lanceolate or lance-linear,
6-12 mm. long, attenuate or long-attenuate, greenish, viscid-puberulent; perianth 15-20 mm.
long, viscid-villous or puberulent outside, the limb 6-8 mm. wide, purplish-red; fruit about
6 mm. long, broadly turbinate, deeply lobed, thin-walled, villous above, the lobes acutish,
ending above in flat disks; seed lance-oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, deep-brown or black, lustrous.

PE LOCALITY: White Sands, Otero County, New Mexico. | ; ;
ee In sandy soil, ‘western Texas to southern Arizona, southward in Chihuahua.

InLusrrations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 37, 38.

254 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Volume 21

27. Abronia turbinata Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 285. 1871.
Abronia latiuscula Greene, Leaflets 2: 105. 1910.

Annual, much branched, the branches erect, ascending, or decumbent, 1.5-5 dm. long,
stout, viscid-puberulent when young, glabrate in age, often tinged with purplish-red; petioles
slender, 1-4.5 cm. long; leaf-blades orbicular to ovate-orbicular or broadly oval, 1.4-3.7 em.
long, 1-3 cm. wide, broadly rounded or subcordate at the base and often unequal, broadly
rounded at the apex or very obtuse, viscid-puberulent or glabrate, yellowish-green, entire, the
blades of the uppermost leaves usually reduced and short-petiolate but not proportionally
narrower than the lower ones; peduncles slender, 2.5-9.5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts
lanceolate, lance-oblong, or linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, scarious, long-attenuate or very
acute, viscid-puberulent; perianth 17-22 mm. long, viscid-villosulous or minutely viscid-
puberulent outside, the limb 6 mm. broad, white, the tube pinkish; inner fruits of the head
broadly turbinate, 5 mm. long and often broader, deeply lobed, the lobes compressed and
winglike, acute, truncate above and short-villous; seed lance-oblong, 2 mm. long, dark-brown,
lustrous.

Type Locality: Carson and Humboldt valleys, Nevada.

DistRisution: In sandy soil, southern Oregon, western Nevada, and eastern California.
InLusTRations: S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. pl. 31; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 36, f. 2.

28. Abronia exalata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 318.
1909.
Abronia turbinata Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 178. 1893. Not A. turbinata Torr. 1871.

Annual, much branched, the branches stout, ascending or decumbent, 2-5 dm. long,
densely viscid-puberulent or rarely glabrate, sometimes tinged with purplish-red; petioles
slender, 1-3 cm. long; leaf-blades orbicular to ovate-orbicular or broadly oval, 1-3.5 cm. long,
1-3.5 em. wide, subcordate or broadly rounded at the base and often very unequal, broadly
rounded to very obtuse at the apex, entire, viscid-puberulent or glabrous, yellowish-green,
often glaucescent beneath; peduncles 2-5 cm. long, viscid-puberulent; bracts ovate or oval,
5-7 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, scarious, viscid-puberulent; perianth 1.2-2 em. long, viscid-
puberulent or short-villous outside, the limb 5-6 mm. wide, white or nearly so, the tube pink-
ish; inner fruits of the head turbinate, 3 mm. long, shallowly lobed, the lobes broad, obtuse,
truncate above, short-villous; seed lance-oblong, 1.5 mm. long, dark-brown, lustrous.

TypE Locatity: Near Keeler, Inyo County, California, at an altitude of 1,100 meters.

DistrRIBurIoN: In sandy soil, western Nevada and southeastern California,
InLustRatIon: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: pl. 36, f. 1.

COMPLETED VOLUME

9: iviv, 1-542. (Agaricales:) Polyporaceae (pars), Boletaceae, Agari-
caceae (pars). Complete in 7 parts.

PARTS OF VOLUMES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED

3': 1-88. Hypocreales: Nectriaceae, Hypocreaceae. Fimetariales: Chaeto-
miaceae, Fimetariaceae.

7: 1-82. Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae, Tilletiaceae.

7’: 83-160. Uredinales: Coleosporiaceae, Uredinaceae, Aecidiaceae (pars).

7: 161-268. (Uredinales:) Aecidiaceae (pars).

10°: 1-76. (Agaricales :) Agaricaceae (pars).

10°: 77-144. (Agaricales:) Agaricaceae (pars).

10*: 145+226. (Agaricales:) Agaricaceae (pars).

15': 1-75. Sphagnales: Sphagnaceae. Andreaeales: Andreaeaceae. Bryales:’
Archidiaceae, Bruchiaceae, Ditrichaceae, Bryoxyphiaceae, Seligeriaceae.

15’: 77-166. (Bryales:) Dicranaceae, Leucobryaceae.

16': 1-88. Ophioglossales: Ophioglossaceae. Marattiales: Marattiaceae.
Filicales : Osmundaceae, Ceratopteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Gleicheniaceae,
Cyatheaceae (pars).

17: 1-98. Pandanales: Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae. Naiadales : Zannichel-
liaceae, Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Naiadaceae,Lilaeaceae. Alismales:
Scheuchzeriaceae, Alismaceae, Butomaceae. Hydrocharitales : Elodeaceae,
Hydrocharitaceae. Poales: Poaceae (pars).

17’: 99-196. (Poales:) Poaceae (pars).

17°: 197-288. (Poales:) Poaceae (pars).

21’: 1-93. Chenopodiales: Chenopodiaceae.

21”: 95-169. (Chenopodiales:) Amaranthaceae.

22': 1-80. Rosales: Podostemonaceae, Crassulaceae, Penthoraceae, Parnas-
siaceae.

22?: 81-192. (Rosales:) Saxifragaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Cunoniaceae, Itea-
ceae, Pterostemonaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae.

22°: 193-292. (Rosales:) Grossulariaceae, Platanaceae, Crossosomataceae,
Connaraceae, Calycanthaceae, Rosaceae (pars).

22': 293-388. (Rosales:) Rosaceae (pars).

22°: 389-480. (Rosales :) Rosaceae (pars).

25°: 1-88. Geraniales: Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Linaceae.

25'- 89-171. (Geraniales:) Tropaeolaceae, Balsaminaceae, Limnanthaceae,
Koeberliniaceae. Zygophyllaceae, Malpighiaceae.

25°. 173-261. (Geraniales:) Rutaceae, Surianaceae, Simaroubaceae, Bur-
seraceae.

20': 1-102. Ericales: Clethraceae, Monotropaceae, Lennoaceae, Pyrolaceae,
Ericaceae.

34": 1-80. (Carduales:) Carduaceae (pars).

342: 81-180. (Carduales:) Carduaceae (pars).

34°. 181-288. (Carduales:) Carduaceae (pars).

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