Mosquitoes, gnats, craneflies, midges and flies of the northern states

V

by

EDW: %OBEL.

-c3t2p73T_:

JiARCHJTREET, BOSTON .

Marine Biological Laboratory

Sept., 1941

Accession No._
Given .By
Place,_

clmsetts Institute of Technolo
Card) ri d ge , Lla s n .

MOSQUITOES, GNATS, CRANEFLIES,

MIDGES AND FLIES

OF THE NORTHERN STATES

Bv EDWARD K NOBEL

BOSTON: I'I-HI.ISIIKH nv ISRADLKK \VHIDDKX

Copyright, 1897,

BY
BRADLEE WHIDUEN.

INTRODUCTION.

The mosquitos, gnats, flies, ticks, and fleas constitute the order Diptcra of the class Insecta. They have
only two wings (a few wingless excepted) ; in place of hind wings, they have a minute hair with a knob on the
end of each called the balancers ; mostly covered by a scale when at rest. Their mouth parts are formed for
sucking or lapping, never for biting, though often enclosed in sharp horny needles for piercing; some have
their tongues enclosed in a s.ift trunk. Their food is always liquid. They lay their eggs inthe water, on fruit or
on various growing or decaying vegetable or animal matter, on which their larva-, footless maggots live. The
maggots when full grown transform to pupa, mostly enclosed in their own dried skin, though some times naked.

In 1853, Dr. T. \V. Harris counted 247 kinds in Massachusetts. Now over 2500 are named, and as in Europe,
10,000 are known to exist, a similar number may be expected in the United States.

Many kinds appear in countless swarms and as a veritable plague, but some are useful.

The order Diptcra has been divided into sub-orders by the way the fly opens the pupa when leaving it; but
as the pupa is rarely met with, the old way of dividing the order by the various number of joints in their feelers
(aiiici/i/ic) is more convenient. The sub-orders are divided into families by the variations of the veins in their

541*5

I. SUB-ORDER NEMATOCERA. Feeler, except the first tvo joints, composed of main' similar joints.

This comprises the mosquitoes, gnats and midgets, — all more or less mosquito-like, with slender bodies,
long legs and small heads and eyes. Generally of delicate build, though gradually approaching the next
division.

II. SUB-ORDER BRACHYCERA. Feeler short, of fc\c and unequal joints : sometimes a bristle at t/ie end.

This comprises the various flies, all more or less like the house fly. though some resemble wasps, bees or
bumblebees ; generally of robust build, strong bodies, stout legs ; head and eyes large.

III. SUB-ORDER PUPIPARA. Parasites on animals, -c/iic/i tliev seldom /care.

Instead of developing from the egg to the maggot, pupa and fly, like all the foregoing, the female gives
birth to the pupa, from which the insect is transformed.

OBSERVE THE WING. The veins running from the shoulder to the edge are called len^t/t-i'fi/is : those
from one vein to another, cross-veins: a space enclosed by veins is called a cell. On some wings a vein
splits into two or more branches ; then it is called forked . Do not count the cells which border one side on
the edge of the wing, nor those from the first cross-vein to the shoulder: only those in the middle of wing.

(4)

KEY TO SUB-ORDER I. MOSQUITO-LIKE DIPTERA.

Wing with three or more cells : ;i V-shaped seam on chest point:

wing long and narrow -

no V-shaped seam ; wing broad

Wing with two cells ; some of the veins from cell to edge forked :

veins covered with scales

veins not covered with scales
veins not forked

PAGE

Tipri.in.K. ii.
RnYpHin.E. 6.

CULICID.E. S.

DlXID.K. IO.
BlBIONID.-E. 2S.

Wing with one cell ; with irregular net-like veins on the edge BLEPHAROCERID.«. 20.

with forked veins from cell to edge

MYCETOPHILID.K. 20.

few veins only ; wing narrow, with no distinct cell CHIROXOMID.K. 10. S
Wing with only few veins ; the hindmost forked - CECIDOMYID.K. 21.

Wing with hardly any veins, except on front edge -

Wing with many veins ; several forked

SlMULIID.«. 23.

PSYCHODID.-E. S. 4:

(5)

KEY TO SUB-ORDER II. FLY-LIKE DIPTERA.
\Vinsr with more th:in si\ closed cells :

O

veins at point running parallel with the hind edge, ,,1GE

and curved to the front edge MYDAID.K. 30.

ith six closed cells :

Wing with five closed cells :

veins running into edge
five veins end in hind edge

four veins end in hind edge

two veins end in hind edge
one vein ends in hind edge
first vein running parallel with front edge

two cells end in hind edge

one cell ends in front edge

Wing with four closed cells :

one nearly closed cell at point

NEMISTRINIDYE. 36.

AcROCERIDvK. 36.

BOMBYLIIDyE. 36.

CONOPIDvK. 46.

SYRPIIID.K. 39.

AsiLID.K. 30.

THEREVID^E. 30.

XYLOI>HAr,lD.-!i. 28.

MUSCID.E. 50. '
PIPUNCUI.ID.K. 47.

PLATYPEXIDyK. 47.

(6)

Wing with four cells :

one vein from cells to edge forked ; one fork branch PAGE

curves to front edge - TABAN'ID.-K. 24.

both branches end in hind edge

both branches end in front edge
both branches end at point

not forked
veins from cell end before reaching edge

onlv fe\v veins in hind legs

LEPTID.K. 27. :

- SCENOPINID.K. 47.

DASVPOGON IN Asn.in.i-. 31. •

KMPinin.i-:. 35. *

STRATIOMYim.t. 38.

Wing with three closed cells : -
Wing with one or two closed cells: -

Wing with one closed cell :

Win" with few veins and no definite cell :

ANTIIOMYID.-E. 54. *

OESTRID.K. 60.

DOL.ICHOPODID.iB. 48.

LoNCIIOPTERID.li. 47. ^

HlPPOBOSCID.-E. Ol. PERSIA. 62.

1'lIOKID.K. 60.

(7)

I. SUB -ORDER NEMATOCERA.

MOSQUITO-LIKE FLIES.

Family 1. PSYCHODID/E. .Volli-like Flies. The Psychodas are small moth-like flies, sometimes
found running on windows. Their bodies and wings are covered with hairs. Little is known of their
habits. They are interesting as the connecting link between moths and flies.

i. Psychoda alternata. -fa in. ; yellowish white, body brownish, wing banded, dotted with black.

Family 2. CULICID/E. Mosquitoes. Stinging Gnats. The males neither sing nor sting, but dance ; and
their food is unknown. They are easily recognized bv their feather-like feelers. The feelers of the female* are
hairy though less feather-like. Their eggs are laid in a boat-shaped mass on the surface of stagnant water on
which it floats. In a few days these hatch and the larva; wiggle out on the water side of the boat, grow rapidly,
and have a breathing tube on the joint before the last of the tail. When full grown they change to pupa, and at
the same time they develop two breathing tubes on the chest part, and lose that of the tail. After a few days the

pupa bursts on the back, and the mosquito crawls out and rides on the cast off skin till its wings are hardened
enough to flv away. A mosquito's mouth is composed of six pieces and a sheath: three fine needle-pointed hairs
form the underlip, two stronger ones with barbed points, the npperlip ; these five form a tube enclosing the
tongue. The mosq'iito differs from the following families not only in the veins of the wing, but also by having a
long fringe on the hind edge, and scales on the veins.

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-J:I|T

in. ; reddish brown . body brown, with yellow edges on the rings.
i». ; brown ; chest with three dark stripes ; feeler of male with four.

2. A.

3. A.
i . C.

CULEX. Mosquito.
C. {Megarhina} fcrox. .; $ in. : head brown, with green gold shine; chest chestnut;

bodv. legs and trunk steel blue, golden below.
C. cifiatiis. j\ in. : brown ; chest yellow, black striped ; legs yellow, with black and

white bands.

C. fiisr/ittrts. j3lT in. ; brown ; feet with white bands : wings transparent, brown veins.
C. tainiorhynchus. ^ in. ; brown : a white band across middle of trunk ; joints of

feet white.

( '. tainiatus.

of female with two white bands : bodv brown, edges of ring yellowish, and a

white spot ; legs dark brown ; two white bands on fore feet, and five on hind feet.
C. triseriatiif. i',, '"•• brown; chest blackish above, sides white, hairy, body with

three r>ws of triangular white spots on each ring ; front edge of wing brown.
C. (Psorop/iora} boscii. % in. ; pale yellow, brownish legs

and hairy veins, two scales on the fore part of chest.

ANOPHELES. Fork gnat.

A. crucians, -fa in ; brownish ; chest with three dark lines,
bodv grav, hairy ; veins of wing brown ; wing spotted,
rusty brown ; bodv blackish brown, with yellowish hair;
no marks on chest or wings except veins.

quadrimaculatus. ^\. in. : grav, a brown stripe on each side of chest, two
larger and two small brown spots on each wing.

CORETHRA. Bushy gnat.

punctipennis. '4' in.; whitish, with brown dotted wings anil legs ; chest with
three yellowish brown stripes.

(9)

i3,T i»-

Family 3. CHIRONOMID/C. .VidffCS. Like the mosquito, with smooth wings. The feelers in the
males are extremely feathery. They appear early in the Spring, before the snow melts. Some kinds bite like
mosquitoes.

CHIRONOMUS. Feather midge.

1 . Ch. cristattis. 3/% in. ; yellowish, with three ash gray stripes ; body with brown bands ; legs-

yellowish.

2. C/i. glancurus. 3/& in.; whitish, chest part with three reddish stripes; body reddish with

whitish bands and end ring with black dot.

3. Ch. lobifcr. y% in. ; whitish, with three brown stripes on chest part ; body black with grayish

bands ; wing with faint brown dot.

4. Cli fcstiviis. l/^ in. ; greenish, with rust-yellow stripes ; body with black bands.

5. CJi. lineola. 3 g in. ; greenish, chest part with one black, and two yellow lines in the middle.

6. Ch. oceanicus. 3/% in. ; found on eelgrass and seaweeds.

7. Ch. taiiiiotus. J^ in. ; bright green.

8. Ch. modestus. ^V m- • green, with yellow stripes ; wing white with front veins and point brown ; joints of

feet brown.

Family 4. DIXID/E. Wood Midges. Mosquito-like, but differs in venation of wings. Is found in shady

swamps on skunk cabbage.

DIXA. Wood midge.

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Family 5. TIPULID/C. Ci'di/ejl ies. Glints. Easily recognized by the V-shaped seam on the upper
chest, between the wings anil the very long fragile legs. Their larva; are grub-like, gray, brown or white, and
live in rotten wood, mould, earth or fungi, on leaves or in the water, feeding on water-plants.

KEY TO THE TIPULID.E.

( Ibserve : If ihe first length-vein from the edge of the wing turns at its end into the next vein, and does not connect with the

edge; and if this secund vein, at the point of the wing, turns into the next vein (jig- fl.) : - Cteitophora and Tipula
If the first length-vein runs into the edge of the wing and there connects by a cross-vein with the next vein: and
if this second vein at the point runs into the edge of the wing ( fig. b) :

And if the third vein, branching from the middle of the second vein runs with two ends into the edt;e ( fi^. />) :

With no spurs at the end of shank - - Limnobina.

With spurs at the end of shank Cylindrotomina.

Or, if the third vein branches again and runs with three ends into the edge ( fig. c) :

With no spurs at the end of shank - Eriofiterina.

With spurs at the end of shank, and a long snout - - I'tychopterina.

If the cross-vein connecting the second vein with the hrst is before, nearer the point of the wing, where the third
vein branches from the second (fig.b): ....... I.imnophilinu and Anisomeriiia.

Or, if the cros-.-vt-in connecting the second vein with the first is behind, nearer the shoulder of the wing, where the
thirit vein branches from the second {Jfg~. C) : - - - Aitttilopiiitr

(II )

I. TIPULINA.

CTENOPHORA. Comb Cranefly.

Feeler comb-like^ feathered on one side onlv.

Ct. abdominalis. \ ]/± in. ; pale brown, with brown stripes on chest ; body

rust yellow, a brown line on each side and

end rings brown ; wings clear, with brown

marks.
Ct. nubicitlc. 5 g in.; orange and brown, fore

part of chest and head whitish ; wing clear,

with yellowish brown veins.

5- T.
6. T.

brerii'cntris.

TIPULA. Daddy-long-legs Cranefly.

T. tephrocephala. I '4 in.; yellowish brown,

with a dark spot-stripe on body, liUe a large

T. angnstipennis.
T. trii'ittata. i in. ; chest ash gray, with brown

stripes ; body yellowish, with three brown stripes ; wing with four brown

bands.
T. strepens. "g in- ; yellowish brown ; no stripes on chest, but a spot-

stripe on each side of bodv.
T. tricolor. ~$ in. ; brown ; sides ash gray ; body striped ; wing with a

white spot in the middle.
in. ; ochre brown with three stripes ; the very long legs white at the joints.

cunctans. |j| in. ; brownish, body yellow with brown stripes ; wing light brown.

(12)

7-
8.

T. aiiffnstif>cnnif.

;4

. ; yellowish brown ; nowhere dark except middle stripe on body.

T. niacitlipenins. 3/4 in. : gray, brown striped : wings light smoky color.

T. flavicans. 5 3 in. ; gray, sides of body yellow brown ; wing yellowish, with brown spots.
7. tostalis. Y-Z in. ; yellowish brown ; feeler black banded ; legs brown.

(13)

11. T. macrocera. ^ in. ; yellow, with long feelers; body, sides and belly black dotted.

12. T. colaris. ^ in. ; yellow, with black stripes : body with black bands.

13. T. ferruginea. T7C in. ; yellow, brown striped ; body with triangular brown spots.

14. r. atimtlata. 3g in. ; brownish ; body yellowish, with brown bands.

II. LIMNOBINA. Meadow Craneflies.

DICRANOMYIA. Feet slender.

1. I), pubipennis. 3% in.; dark brown ; wing plain.

2. D. defuncta. 3,g in. ; gray brown, chest with three brown stripes ; upper shanks with a white ring; wing

brown-spotted in rows.

(14)

10.
ii.

13.
14.

16.

17.
18.
19.

20.

D. liberta. -fa in. ; gray ; chest brown-striped ; feeler black ; wing clear.

D. hacrctica. y"'t.in.: drab-colored; chest striped; feeler black; snout yellow; wing

transparent, with a grayish tint.

D. Inidia. T% in. ; brown; body with light bands ; wing clouded-brown.
in. ; black ; brownish body and wing.

in. ; bufl"; chest reddish, with three dark stripes ; wing clear.
in. ; burl": chest with one brown stripe ; wing clear.
in. ; brown ; with one dark stripe on chest ; snout long; wing clear.

D. morioides.

D. longipennis.
D. innnodesta.
D. rostrifera.

GERANOMYIA. Snout longer than /lead and chest.

G. rostrata. Jg in. ; gray ; feeler black ; wing with five brown spots and clouds ; snout long.
(T. dirersa. J^ in. ; gray; chest with three dark-brown stripes ; snout short ; wings lightly brownish tinted.

RHIPID1A. Feeler comb-like.

A'. maciilata. -'« in. '• grayish brown ; chest with one brown stripe ; wing with brown spots, largest on front.
A'. fidelis. 24 'n- i grayish brown; chest with a brown stripe ; wing clouded with brown.
A". doinestica. 36 "'• '• head gray ; chest yellowish, silky-brown ; wing with five spots on middle vein and
clouded.

LIMNOBIA. Feet stout.

/.. cinctipes. y2 in. ; yellow; chest with four brown stripes; upper shanks with two brown bands; wing

yellowish, with brown clouds and spots, four on front edge
Z. immalura. l/> in. ; like last, with three bands on upper shanks.

/.. solitaria. }/z in.; yellow; chest with a light-dark bordered stripe ; wing clouded and dotted with brown.
7.. indigcna. y7^ in. ; yellowish; head black ; chest brown striped ; wing brown-clouded.
Z. parietina. 5« in.; brown; chest with dark stripes; wing long and broad with pale-brown clouds,

streaks and spots.
/.. trioceUata. 3/8 in. ; reddish yellow ; chest with black lines and dots ; wing yellowish, three brown spots.

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TROCHOBOLA.

21. T. arg'iis. l/^ in.; yellowish brown ; chest with three brown stripes ; wings yellowish or

whitish with brown eye-spots, mostly on the edge of wing.

RHAMPHIDIA. Sao,,/ ai long as head.

22. R. flavipes. ]£ in.; brown; shanks and feet darker ; wing transparent, clouded with brown ; snout shorter

than chest.

ELEPHANTOMYIA.

23. E. ivest-voodi. 3/& in. ; yellow buff; shanks brown ; feet yellow ; snout as long as body.

TOXORRH1NA.

24. T. miiliebris. 3,4 in.; dark gray ; feet pale-reddish ; snout long ; wing clear.

DICRANOPTYCHA. Snout shorter than head.

25. D. germana. ^ in. ; brownish yellow ; feet reddish ; wing blueish.

ANTOCHA.

26. A. opalizans. % in. ; yellowish gray ; chest with reddish stripes ; wing with a whitish

tinge.

III. ERIOPTERINA.

RHYPHOLOPHUS. Ifing- hairy: no .</«;•.? on fl/anks.

I. f\. inibilns. '4 in. ; gray ; chest with a brown stripe : wing clouded-gray.

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ERIOPTERA. Only reins hairy.

2. E. \c/> v;///vV)«/.v. ^ in. ; yellowish brown ; more or less bright yellow on chest and body ; wing not spotted.

3. E. c/iloroplivlla. '4 in. ; pale green ; eyes black.

4. E. i-cspei-tina. ^ in. ; yellow; chest reddish ; wing not spotted.

v /:". -.-cH/ista. '4 in. ; brown; chest reddish ; wing yellow, with two brown bands.

6. E. caloptcrti. J4 in. ; brownish yellow; chest whitish above ; wings brownish, with trans-

parent spots.

TRIMICRA. f

' 3Ti T* I/.

7. T. anomala. y\ in. ; brownish gray ; chest with three brown lines: wings not spotted, but

tinted slightly brownish.

SYMPLECTA.

8. S. pitnctipcnnis. % 'in. ; gray; chest with three brown stripes ; wing whitish, cross veins clouded brown.

ONOPHOMYIA.

<j. G. tri.-itissiiiia. /'^ in. ; black; knob of balancers yellow ; wing semi-transparent.

QONIOMYIA. ll'inff not hairy.

10. G. sn/f>/inrella. J^ in. ; sulphur yellow ; wing slightly grayish, variegated with brown.

i i . (i. Ithuida. '4 in. ; gray, with yellow edges ; chest with two brown stripes ; wing clouded.

CLADURA.

12. Cl. indii-isa. {}, in.; yellow; sides spotted; body with brown bands; wings yellow with
reddish tinge.

CH1ONEA.

i^. Cli. -.'ali^a. Reddish; wingless; found on the snow.

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I.

E.

fasciponiif

• A

in. ;

brown spots.

2.

L.

rzij'ibasis.

T?U 'n'

; y

3-

L.

adusta. 3,g

to y2

in.

4-

L.

macrocera.

y& i>

1- i !

5-

L.

poetica. 3,j

in. ;

redt

6.

L.

tenuipes.

3/8 in.

; br

7-

L.

recondita.

3/8 in

• ;y

S.

L.

montana.

3 3 in.

; g'

9-

L,

lutcipeniiis

• T%

in. ;

10.

L.

inornata.

T% in-

; bi

1 1.

L.

ultima. f\

- in. ;

gra:

12.

L.

aprilina.

/^ in.

; gi

13-

L.

fiiscovaria.

/^ in. ;

I4.

L.

tenuicornis

• A-

in. ;

'5-

L.

munda. %

'. in. ;

blac

16.

T.

bimacitla.

Vir '"

• ; y

cloiuls.

17-

T.

scut data.

r\ i'1-

; bh

IV. LIMNOPHILINA.

EP1PHRAQMA. Veins of wing not hairy.

brown, with yellowish and reddish variations; wing with dark outlined pale-

LIMNOPHILA.

yellowish gray ; wing pale-brownish ; legs reddish.
; yellow ; chest reddish ; point of wing brown.
glossy black ; wings brown-spotted.
reddish yellow ; wings not spotted.

brown ; body yellowish ; wing not spotted, but brown-tinted.
llowish red ; glossy.

y ; chest with four brown stripes ; wings brown-spotted.
brownish, with a brown stripe in middle ; wings clouded-brown.
brown ; breast gray ; wing clouded.
gray ; chest with four brown stripes ; wing transparent and unspotted.

ayish ; body brown ; wing with six or seven spots near the front edge.
grayish ; body brown ; wing thickly dotted with brown ; spots largest near front.
black, with gray bloom ; wing not spotted.
k; wing brownish ; feet yellow.

TR1CHOCERA. Winter Gnat.

in. ; yellowish gray ; chest with brown stripes ; wings with two brown

in. ; blackish brown ; end of chest white.

(18)

ERIOCERA.

18. K. spinosa. J^ to ^3 in.; brownish: chest with brov n stripes; wings reddish: feeler of male twice the

length of body, beset with spines.

19. E. longicornis. '/^ in. ; dark-gray ; chest with black stripes ; feeler twice the length of body.

V. AMALOPINA - CYLINDROTOMINA - PTYCHOPTERINA.

AMALOPIS.

1. A. inconstaits. J4 in. ; yellowish or brownish ; chest and wing reddish.

2. A. aiiripeintis. J4 in-: brownish; wings yellow.

3. A. calcar. ]/z in.; yellow; chest reddish, to transparent yellow.
j\. A. vernalis. y% in. ; brownish ; wings with brown spots.

PBDICIA.

5. P. albivitta. i^ to iffi in.; brown, silvery; chest with a double-brown stripe, wing transparent with a

brown band on front edge and one in middle of wing ; a row of brown spots on live segments of the body.

CYLINDROTOMA.

6. C. americana. y^ in. ; yellow ; chest black striped ; wing transparent.

7. C'. nodicornis. y7^ in. ; dark yellow ; chest black striped ; head black.

PHALACROCERA.

S. P. tipitlina. }•? in. ; brownish ; chest dark gray with indistinct dark-brown stripes ; wings with gray-brown
tinge.

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9. P. rujicincta.

PTYCHOPTERA.

in. ; black : body with reddish bands ; feet reddish ; wing with

a brown spot near shoulder, and three brown bands.

BITTACOMORPHA.

10. B. clavipes. T!k in. ; black; front of head white ; chest with white
stripe in middle, and sides white ; wing transparent.

Family 6. RHYPHID/E. Strap Midges. Like Tipulids, without
the V-shaped seam on chest-part.

DILOPHUS, Ray Midge.

1. D. tlioracicus. ]^ in. ; horny yellow ; body and legs black ; wing smoky.

2. D. orbatus. fa in. ; shiny black with green smoky wings.

RHYPHUS. Strap Midge.

3. R. alternatus. ^ in. ; brown ; three stripes, with three brown and three white spots.

4. R. marginatus. T3ff in. ; gray, with three reddish stripes ; body brown with whitish edges.
15. R. scalaris. % in. ; honey yellow ; bands and tail-end black.

Family 7. BLEPHAROCERID/E. Net-Winged Midijes. Like mosquitoes, their larv;c live in swift-
flowing streams and are there easily seen, as they are a conspicuous black.

Family 8. HYCETOPHILID^E. Fungus Gnats Their larvae feed on fungi, decaying vegetable matter,
and some upon ripe fruit. They live often in great numbers together. In the venation of the wing there is often
much variation. They appear like short-legged, strongly-built mosquitoes.

(20)

i. //. fascia/a.

1. S. bijasciata.

2. S. fasciata.

HETEROMYIA.

in. ; greenish; wing with brown bands.

SCIOPHILA. Shade Gnat.

ig in. ; brownish yellow with black lines, with two blackish bands.
in. ; yellowish; with three stripes; body with brown bands.

MYCETOPHILA. Fungus Gnat.

1. .)/. sericea. fa in. ; brown, with whitish-silky bloom ; body yellow-edged.

2. .17. maculiftennii,. ^ in. ; yellow, with three striped wings with three brown spots.

i. S. fulviventris.

SCIARA. Mourning Gnat.

in.: black; waist yellow, hairy.

Family 9. CECIDOMYID/E. (fall Gnats. Small, often very small flies, which cause the curious out-
growth on manv plants, as on the willow, blueberry, etc. Some kinds are very injurious to the crops.

DIPLOSIS.

1 . 1). Hiacrus. } 4 in. ; yellowish ; chest reddish-striped ; legs and feelers black-banded ; wing with violet spots.

2. D. carryce. Pale, with gray and black stripes. On hickory trees.

(21)

2.

3-

4-
5-

6.

7-
S.

9-

10.

1 1.
•3-

C. solidaginis. ^ in. ;

stem of goldenrod.
C. liirtipes. Bright red
C. serrulata. Brown.
C. chrysopsidis. V6 in.
C.

CECIDOMYIA. Gall Gnat.

reddish; body with black bands; wing blackish, hairy. On

with black hair.
On alder,
red ; wing gray, hairy.

On golden aster.

destructor. — The Hessian fly. yjj in. ; black; body tawny, with black rings; wings

black. In the stems of wheat, which causes it to stunt in growth.
C. tritici. — The wheat midge. TV in. ; like the last, but wings transparent. Attacks

the ear of wheat.

C. robinice. ^ in. ; forms swellings in the locust stems.
C. grossiihiritc. Causes the gooseberries to turn premature red and rot.
C. salicis-rigidcc. 1 in. On willows.
C. strobiloides. Causes the pine cone-like end-buts on willows. C. albovittata lives

in them.

C. pini-inopis. Attacks the needles of the pine trees.
C. ornata. T^ in. ; body red ; wings with five brown spots.
C. trifolii and C. leguminicola. In clover-leaves.

LASIOPTERA. Edged Midge.

14. L. ventralis. Tlg- in. ; blackish-brown, with yellow legs; front edge of wing black,
i^. /.. vitis. T*g in. ; red ; black head. On grape vines.

(22)

Family 10. SlflULIID/E. Bl/tck Flies. Unlike the foregoing families, they like hot sunshine, and
they are one of the greatest pests where thev abound. Their larva' live in swift-flowing streams. Their feelers
are short, but composed of many joints ; their body more robust, and legs stout, but heads small. This family
and the next connect the mosquito tribe with the flies.

SIMULIUM. Black Fly.

1. S. molestum. -fa in. ; the Adirondack black fly, which is very bloodthirsty.

2. S. innn\iiim. fa in. ; does not bite.

3. 51. pccuariim. The southern Buffalo-gnat.

4. .V mcridionale. The Turkey-gnat.

Family 11. BIB1ONID/E. March Flies. Hair Midge. Like last family, but differs
in veins of wing. Does not bite, and its larvae live on roots and decaying vegetable matter.

1. B. tlioracica. y^ in. ; black ; chest and shanks reddish.

2. />. ruf thorax. J-jj in. ; black; chest only yellowish-red.

3. B. femorata. :/% in. ; black, with yellow hair and chestnut-colored shanks.

4. B. xanthopiis. .:ij in. ; black, with yellow bloom ; black legs and yellow wings.

5. />'. hctcroptcra. T\ in. ; black, with smoky wings.

6. B. albipennis. -fa in. ; shiny black, whitish, hairy ; wing white with brown veins.

7. />'. articulata. ]/± in. ; chest and legs yellow ; head and hodv black.
S. B. pallipcs. black ; white, hairy, with yellow legs and wings.

(23)

II. SUB -ORDER BRACHYCERA.

FLIES.

Family 12. TABANID/E. Horse Flies. Breeze Flics and Golden-eyed Forest Flies. All the females

are greedy bloodsuckers ; a plague to man and beast. The males frequent flowers. The larva1 teed under ground
on roots of grasses, and transform there in Spring. These flies resemble each other in shape.

PANQONIA. Beaked Horse Fly. Trunk Horse Fly.

1. P. iiicisa (incisuralis.) ?K in.; back grav with yellow hair; body brown and smooth ;

wing brownish. „ ...

2. P. clirysocoma. J<£ to $/% in. ; brown or pale yellow, with yellow hair.

il. P. tranquilla. l? in. ; brownish black ; sides of body reddish, covered with golden-
yellow hair.
4. P. rasa. 3/s to >4 in. ; feeler black, chest part black with short gray hair; body brown, with hair on last

(24)

CHtfYSOPS. Oolden = cycd Forest Fly. Wings -with black or brown markingi

1. C. celer. jg in. ; black ; a tuft of reddish hair on each side of chest.

2. C. excilans. 3,'s in.; black; point of wing transparent.

3. C. sordidus. |g in. ; blackish ; sides with a few yellow dots ; rings of body with gray

edges.

4. C. fl.i-cidus. SB in. : brownish yellow.

^. ( . vittatus. •- « in. ; chest brown and yellow ; body yellow, with four black lines.

6. ('. /lilarts. 3 g in.; yellow.

•j. C. <i/>snlet/«. -v; in. ; brown, with three short yellow stripes on body.

8. (-'. Ht'gcr. ,',. in. : black, with red face.

9. C'. pndic.HS. j"'-; in. ; resembling last.

10. ( '. fri<fidus. Y'J. in. ; black; sides of body yellow.

11. C. quadrivittatus. {'{• in. ; gray, with four black stripes on chest and four broken stripes

on body ; wings brown dotted.
C. f,illa\- '4 i i. ; chest gray, with black stripes; body orange, with a few black marks on

end ; wing black and clear.

C. plangens. ^ in.; blackish, with gray stripes.
14. C. dclicatulus. }/± in. : black, u iih red head.

i^. ('. fuUginosHS. % i;i. ; black, with brown hair ; wing brown, with a clear band and half-
moon-shaped .spots.
16. C. /itffciis. '4 in. ; black, with yellow stripes ; wing black, with a clear half-moon and

small spots.
C. iinirittat/is. '4 in. : brownish yellow, with one stripe.

(25)

TABANUS. Horsefly.

1. T. catenates, i in.; face pale yellow; feeler red; chest red brown, with distinct

yellow lines ; body brown.

2. T. orion. I in. ; like last, but with a small triangular spot on each ring.

3. T. atratus. i in. ; entirely black, with grayish bloom.

4. T. rujicornis. \ in. ; dark red, with a white spot on each side of body; wing clear,

except on front edge.

5. T. rufiis.. "a in. ; yellowish red, last rings brown in the middle; wing rusty.

6. T. nig'resceus. J-jj in. ; face brown ; wing and body black.

7. T. abdominalis. y% in. ; lilac brown, with five white stripes on chest, white spots on

body, and brown spots on wing.

8. T. validus.

9. T. liiieatus.
10. T. pallidus.
n. T. tccttis.

12. T. actaeon.

13. T. cinctus. Y^ in. ; chest black ; first rings of body orange, with a triangular black

spot on each ring.

14. T. (stygius) affinis. 3/£ in. ; chest gray brown, with lighter lines ; body black ; sides

of first four rings reddish yellow ; wing smoky, with brown spots.

15. T. fumipennis. ^ in. ; black, with yellow hair ; sides of body and legs yellow.

16. T. variegatus. y^ in. ; lilac reddish ; body chestnut ; wing brown spotted and edged.

17. T. melanocerus. fy in.; brown; chest with five whitish stripes; body with triangu-

lar spots.

18. T. tnrbidus. ^ in. ; reddish, with whitish stripes ; body with a yellow spot-stripe ;

wings dull.

(26)

% in. ; dark red ; body with bluish shine ; wing brown.
% in. ; brown, with rusty yellow lines ; body black ; wing brown.
/s in. ; brick red ; hairy underneath ; oblong spots on body ; wing dull.
in. ; chest red brown, with yellow lines ; body brown.
in. ; red-brown and black.

body blackish gray, with

7\ Mit/t'a/tts. 3.4 in. ; lihic-brown ; white bloom on chest ; body with a stripe

<if white triangular spots.
T. crassicornis. ^ in.; reddish brown, with yellow stripes; body with triple

white spots.
T. f/iein-cardii. ^ in. ; slate black, with reddish stripes; body reddish, with

white spotted stripes; wing spotted.
T. trispilus. ?« in. ; black, with gray wings.
T. microcephalus. Sg in.; head small ; chest gray

three rows of gray spots.
T. trimaculatus. y% in.; brown, with white stripes; body black, with three

white triangular spots; shanks white.
T. guttatiis. 5 a in.; lilac-red, with white stripes; body brown, with triple

white spots ; shanks white.
T. nigripes. 5 1$ in.; blackish: body with white spots on sides; legs black;

wing clear.
T. cojfcatus. }-2 in.; face white; chest gray, with white lines ; legs and body

black, with lighter edges of rings.
T. lineola. l/-2 in.; face white; chest black, with white lines; body brownish

black, with two yellow and one white stripe.

T. lasiophthalmus. Y? in.; brown; sides of body reddish yellow.
T. ater. y? in. ; black ; wing brownish black.

T, fuli'itliis. ' J in. ; gray, with yellow hair ; body reddish, with triple yellow spots ; wing clear.
T. gracilis.
T. marginalis, -j
T. costalis. ^fa in

wing clear.

in. ; lilac brown, with white stripes ; body with a white stripe and side spots.
-j^ in. ; brown-black, with white stripes ; body triple-spotted.

gray brown, with yellow hair ; body rusty brown, with a yellow stripe and side spots ;

(27)

35- T. nigrovittatus. 3/a in. ; face white ; chest black and gray ; body with narrow black and white stripes.

36. T. astiiti/s. 3/% in.; chest gray ; body blackish, with three rows of gray spots.

37. T. annulatus. 3/& in. ; light reddish, with white bloom ; white side spots ; wing clear.

38. T. ferrugatus. 3/& in. ; gray, with rusty edge ; body rusty yellow, end with brown spots; wing clear, a

brown spot on point.

39. T. bicolor. 3/6 in. ; gray green ; legs and body rusty yellow, last rings with an olive green stripe.

Family 13. XYLOPHAQI. Wood Flies. Their larvae live in rotten wood.

BERIS. Ray Fly.

1. B. dorsalis. T\ in. ; black ; waist and legs yellow.

2. B. viridis. -& in. ; green bronze ; body black, with yellow edge and yellow legs.

XYLOPHAQUS. Wood Fly.

i. X. americanus. T7ff in.; chest sulphur yellow, with a black streak and spot on each
side ; body reddish and yellow.

CAENOMYIA.

i. C. pallida. ^ in. ; rust yellow ; body paler; wing with yellow veins.

(28)

Family 14. LEPTID/C. S/lipe FllCS. So named from some kinds which have long bills. They are
sluggish flies, met in tall grass or bushes, preying on other insects. Their larva- live in the ground in decaying
A'ood, moss or water.

LEPTIS. Snipe Fly.

Z. ornata, •£$ in. ; black ; edges of chest, of rings of body, and the legs, yellow.

Z (c/irvsopila) thoracica. -fa in. ; black; chest with golden hair; body with silver spots on each side.

Z. albicornis. T7T in. ; yellow, with three brown stripes on chest ; body with triangular spot on each ring.

Z. (chrysopila) velutina. -fa in.; deep velvet black ; wing smoky.

5-

Z.

vertebrata. ^ in.

6.

Z.

myslacea. Jg in. ;

7-

Z.

fascia ta. % in. ;

S.

Z.

quadrata. % in. ;

brown spot.

9-

Z.

fumipennis. % in

10

Z.

punctipennis. ^

1 1 .

Z.

pliimbea. ^ in. ;

12.

Z.

basilaris. '3 in. ;

; slate gray, with while stripes ; body yellow and black,
chest brown ; body orange ; wing with brown bands.
black ; edges of chest, rings and legs yellow. Like a small Z. ornata.
in. ; yellow, with three brown stripes on chest and bands on body ; wing with a square

. ; brown, with yellow bands on body and legs ; wing brown.

in.; blackish brown ; wing with brown spots and point,
lead gray ; wing witli brown stripes,
brownish black.

(29)

Family 15. THEREVID^E. Stiletto Flies. Live near the ground and prey on other insects. Their
larva; live in fungi or mould.

THEREVA. Stiletto Fly.

1. T. frontalis. '4 in.; black; chest with two yellow stripes ; body with yellow bands.

2. T. nigra. y\ in. ; black ; body with white edges.

Family 16. MIDAID/E. Midas Flies. They prey on other insects, and are easily known among flies by
the unusually long feeler, with a knob on the end. Their larvae live in rotten stumps.

MIDAS.

1. Af. tibialis. i ',-£ in.; black, with yellow shanks and feet; wing

brown.

2. M. clavatus (Jilatus). % to i j^ in.; black; second ring of body

yellow ; wing smoky black.

3. M. iopterus. 7/% in.; black; sides and two spots on body yellowish ;

wing steel blue.

O

4. M. fnh'ifrons. y^ in. ; black ; middle of body orange.

Family 17. ASILID/E. Flies of Prey. Robber Flies. They live on various insects and caterpillars,
and even a bumblebee or dragon-fly has to succumb to their strength. Grabbing their prey with their strong
legs, they suck out its juice, and leave but the shrivelled skin. Their larvaa live underground in roots or rotten
wood, where they feed on other grubs.

DIOCTRIA. Hawk Fly.

i. D. octopitnctata. ]^ in. ; black ; chest with yellow stripes ; body with four white spots on each side ; legs
yellow.

(30)

DASYPOGON. Wolf Fly.

/•Vr A r blunt tit print.

1. D. subulatus. Ja i"- ; chest brown, with gray shine; body

reddish, with black tail-end ; legs reddish ; wings brownish.

2. D. cruciatiis. Jg '"• ; blackish brown; chest with \ello\v

ed^es and spots; body with yellow bands; wings yellow.

3. D. brunneus. y± in.; chest yellow, with black stripes; body rusty yellow;

sides brown, with yellow edges.

4. D. rufi-jentris. 5£ in. ; chest blackish, with black stripes ; body and legs yellow.

5. D. Aeacus. 5g in. ; black ; middle of body yellow ; wings black.

6. D. politiis. {'^ in. ; breast yellow, with brown stripes ; body slate blue ; point-half of wing brown.

7. D. trifasciatus. ^ in. ; blackish ; sides of chest whitish ; body with three white bands.
S. D. sexfasciatus. 3 3 in.; chest white, hairy ; body with six white and black bands.

9. D. argenteits. -f$ in. ; white ; hairy, with yellow wings.
PI. D. guttula. % in. ; shiny black, with white spot on shoulder ; clear wings,
ii. D. abdominalis. "^ in. ; chest gray, with brown stripes ; body and legs yellow ; wing blackish-brown.

CERATURGUS. Fox Fly.

i. C. auriilentus. £4 in. ; golden yellow, with black stripes on chest ; bands and triangular
spots on body.

OMMA TIUS. Weasel Fly.

Differs from DasvfogOH in having a feathery hair at the paint of feelers.
I. O. tibialis. l/i in.; blackish-brown; chest striped ; bands on body and shanks white.

(30

ASILUS. Robber Fly.

i- A (Proctacanthus) longus. il/2 in.; brown, with three stripes on chest ; body gray ; legs chestnut.

2. A. (Proctacanthus) heros. i# in.; reddish brown, with four stripes on chest; sides of body yellow;

hairy ; shank and feet rusty.

3. A. (Proctacanthus) philadelphicus. i]£ in.; yellowish brown, with dark marks on chest and light

triangular marks on body.

4. A. ( Trupanea) quadratus. \]^ in. ; brown ; body black ; sides brown, white, hairy on edges of rings.

3.

5. A. (Diogmites) nmbrinus. il/b in.; light yellow and brown on chest; body rusty orange, with black

spots on sides ; legs stout.

6. A. (Diogmites) ternatus. i in.; gold yellow; light around black marks on chest and on edges of rings.

7. A. (Proctacanthus) brevipcnnis. \ in. ; reddish gray; chest with a broad black and indistinct side stripes ;

legs chestnut ; shanks black.

(32)

S. A. (Iyro»/ac//ns) bastardii, Jg >n. : g''ay, vvith bro\\n maiks mi chest and brown bands on bod\ .

9. A. niger; J/g '"• : black; chest with gray stripes.

it). A. ( Triipancn} vertebratus. ' , in. : grav ; I'lu-st with hrown stripes: liod\ \\ith liha'k spots : shanks reddish.

11. A. nitipes. Ja in-: hrown ; body yellowish, with short black bands ; shanks reddish.

12. A. macrolabis. "« in.: blackish, with gray stripes and four triangular while spots on bod} : legs chestnut.

13. A. ( Erax) pogonias. '^ in.: brown, with indistinct chestnut stripes ; legs black ; shanks chestnut.

14. A. sericcus. ^-4 in.; Ljolden ; chest with a hroad black stripe and indistinct narrow side stripes; win;;

brownish Yellow.

8

15. A. (Mallopkora) orciniis. Y^ in. ; black, hairv : waist yellow.

16. A. (Erax) aesitians. }$ in.; reddish brown; chest with faint black lines; body black mai kcd ; awhile

ring around end of body on the male.

17. A. (Era\) apicalis. 5gin. ; chest brassy yellow, with black stripes; body black, with ti iiingular gray-

haircil side-spots ; legs reddish.

18. A. gracilts. Y% in. ; gray ; body, point and hind edge of wing brownish ; feeler and legs yellow .

19. A. miatus. YZ in.; black; chest grayish ; body with white bands.

20. A. atrupanea laphroides. *•> in. ; gray, hairy with black shanks.

(33)

13. L,

LAPHRIA . Murder Fly.

(Dasyllis) tergissa. i in. ; black, with yellow hair;
both ends of body and legs black.

lasipes. "/% in. ; black, head, chest and legs yellow-
ish ; end half of body gold-yellow, hairy.
saffrana. "s in- ; chest black, edges and two stripes
vellow ; body orange ; wings brown.
dersata. 3^ in. ; slate black ; head and legs gray.
hairy : veins of wing brown.

georgina. |/£ '"• i black ; chest yellow, hairy, with a
short black band ; body- except first rings, chestnut.
melanogaster. ^ in. ; slate black ; head, chest and
fore-legs yellow, hairy.

sericea. i^ >n- i black, with yellow hair; hind shanks
black.

thoracica. S/% in. ; rough ; black ; chest sulphur yel-
low ; wing brownish.

pyrrhacra. y2 in. ; black ; chest striped ; body with
a white spot on each side and end rings yellowish red.
posticata. J* in. ; black ; chest and end of body
yellow-hairy.

flavicollis. y? in.; black; chest yellow, hairv.
mclanopogon. l/2 in. ; black ; head, legs and chest
gray, hairy ; body black.

(Atomosia) macroccra. ^ in. ; black, with white
bloom ; edge of body and legs red.

(34)

LEPTOGASTER. Slim Fly.

I. /,. histrio. ^3 in.; chest reddish brown, with three black stripes; body brown, with white bands ;md
yellow legs ; hind legs with brown bands.

HYBOS. Hunchback Fly.

i. H. thoracicus. % in. ; brown, with yellow shanks : wing smoky, with brown edge spot.

Family 18. EMPID/E. Dance. Flies. They dance and hunt in swarms on shady brooks, and feed on
insects. Their grubs live on decaying vegetable matter.

RHAMPHOMY1A. Bill Fly.

1. R. cilipes. ]£ in. ; gray, with four stripes on chest and white hairy hind shanks.

2. R. americana. ]^ in. ; slate gray, with yellow legs.

3. R. scolopacca. t3ff in. ; blackish gray ; chest faintly striped ; body silvery ; legs brown.

HEMERODROMIA. Catch Fly.

i. H. superstitiosa. ^ in. ; whitish, with broad black stripe on chest and body.

TACHYDROMIA. Race Fly.

I. T. fenestrata. }% in. ; black, with yellow legs and black stripe on shanks.

(35)

Family 19. ACROCERID/E. Small-headed Humpback Flies. Their larv;v are
parasites in spiders or their cocoons, and live in their bellies.

ACROCERA. Tophorncd Fly.

I. A. fasciata. }•% in.; black; body yellow, with three black bands; feeler
on the top of the head.

Xemestritmkt are very rare bee-like flies with long trunks.

Family 20. BOHBYLlAD/e. Bee Flies. Hover Flies. They feed on the honey of flowers, are very
swift flyers, and stop suddenly in the air. Their larvae lives as parasites on other insects.

ANTHRAX. Mourning Hover Fly.

1. A. simson. §4 '»• ! black ; chest grayish red ; body silver spotted ; wing

clear, with brown spots.

2. A. pluto. l/2 in.; black; body with intern upted while band; wing

with black blotches at base and point.

3. A. lialcyon. 'j in. ; black, with yellow hair; wing brown, with a spot

in the middle, the point and edge cells clear.
-1 . .1. tc/f»ii>iipeiniis. }.? in. ; black, with yellow hair; wing dark brown;

legs reddish.
e;. A. oedipus. -fa in.; black; body with white spots; wing clear, with

black blotches and spots.

(36)

6. --I. fulviniia. JJJT in. ; black, with golden hair; wing blackish brown on front edge.

7. A. altci-nata. ^ in. ; black ; gr:\y hairy : boily white handed ; wing smoky, a light spot on front edge ne.n

shoulder.
S. A. tioctula. Jj in. ; black ; sides of chest and bands on body yellow ; wing blackish brown, a spot near

shoulder, hind edge and some spots in the middle clear,
y. .-1. sirmosa. 3jj in. : black ; gray hairy ; wings more than half black ; legs yellow.

10. A. fulvo-hirta . .J ,-; in.; black; yellow hairv : sides of body rn>.t yellow; wing half black; legs yellow

hairs'.

11. A. celer. ^ in. ; black ; yellow hairy on sides of chest, body and tail-end : wing more than half black.

12. A. aitalis. /',-; in.; black, tail-end silvery; wing half black.

i^. A cantata. /'n in. ; black, with gray hair; hotly with white bands; wing with black edge and veins.

14. A elongata. t% in. ; black, with yellow bands on bodv and vcllow legs.

15. A. lateralis. }{ in. ; black : yellow hairy; yellow bands on body and brown front edge of \\in-.

16. A. fascipcnnis. <± in.; black; body with gray band; wing clear, with brown stripes; point clear.

I. .V. iiiticcr.

in.; black and orange.

SYSTROPUS.

(37)

5. B. atriceps.

BOMBYLIUS. Hover Fly. Bee Fly.

1. B. varius, ^ in. ; yellow hairy ; hotly white marked and two

black spots on the sides of each ring ; wing brownish.

2. B. fi-atellus. 3/g >"• ; yellow hairy ; darker on back ; wing half

reddish black.

3. B '. acquaint. ^ in. ; yellow, hairy ; front hall of the wing

brownish.

4. B. fuli'us. }£ in. ; black, with golden hair ; wing clear, with

gold yellow veins.
in. ; like B. fratel/its in color, but darker.

Family 21. STRATIOHYIID^E. Soldier Flies. Coat-of-arms-Flies. So named from the resemblance
of the body to a coat-of-ai ms. They feed on flowers in swamps near water. Their larvae live in moist mould or
water. They carry their wings, one covering the other, when at rest.

SAROUS. Flat Fly.

1. S. decorus. 3/fr in. ; green bronze, with yellow legs.

2. .S. virid/s.' }{ in. ; bronze green or blue, with green legs.

3. 5'. xanthopus. % in. ; green gold, with yellow legs.

4. ^. pallipes. l/£ in. ; brownish black ; back of body, belly and legs yellow.

(38)

I. JV. pallipes.

4. S. virgo.

5. S. picipes.

NEMOTELUS. Swamp Fly.

fk in. ; black ; body steel blue: legs yellow.

STRATIOMYS. Coat-of-Arms Fly.

1. 6\ Meigenii. T\ in.; black; body on each side a triangular spot,

and tail-end yellow.

2. .S. nor ma. ^ in. ; black, with chestnut stripe on chest part : body

with yellow spot and streaks ; legs yellow.

3. S. intermedia. |g in.: black; yellow hairy: body with a yellow-

spot on each side and yellow edges.

in. ; black : body green, with black stripe ; legs yellow,
in. ; black ; body with four white spots.

6. -S\ -'crtcbrata. l/4 in.: black; body whitish, with a black stripe; legs yellow.

Family 22. SYRPHID/C. Hi/iu mi/n/ Flies. I)r»>ir Flits They feed on the honey of flowers.
Syrphus are the most valuable plant lice destroyers, laying their eggs among the plant lice nests. I uliicclla is
parasitic on bumblebees. Others live in ants' nests or rotten wood. Eristalis lives in the water. Many of
the flies closely resemble bees, bumblebees or wasps.

PSARUS. Humming Fly.

1. P. ornatns. 5;-;in. ; black; chest with two yellow stripes : body with eight yellow-

bands.

2. P. qiiadrifasciatus. % in.; black, chest with four yellow spots; body with

four yellow bands.

(39)

MICROCODON. Bee Fly.

I. M. globosus. y2\n.; brown ; hairy. Has a curious beetle-shaped pupa.

MELANOSTOMA.
i „!/. mellinnm. 3g in. ; black and orange ; chest hairy.

XYLOTA. Saw Fly.

2.
3-
4-

A', h&matodes. '., in.; black; hotly red : wings blackish.

A", ejuncida. T\ in. ; dark green ; bodv with four yellow spots.

A. quadrata. 3/% in. ; black, body with four square yellow spots.

A. metallica. 3/g in.; chest green bronze; bodv black, with four large

square spots.
A. proxima. -fa

spot on hind shanks.

black ; body with unequal yellow spots and a re

MILES! A. Mould Fly.

1. .17. virginiensis. t in.; gold yellow, with black bands ; wing smoky black.

2. M. ornata. Y4 in. ; black ; chest and body with three broken yellow bands

each. The last band entire.

3. .17. notata. '_> in.; black, body with two spots ; knees rust yellow.

4. .]/. iic/t ta. Dark blue ; chest and spots on body gold hairy.

(40)

RHINO I A. Nose Fly.

i. R. iift.tifa. •• s in. ; chest gray, with white stripes; body yellow, with black stripe.

CHRYSOQASTER.

i. C/i. nilidiis. '4 in.; green bronze ; chest with four coppery stripes ; bodv with black stripes and bands;
wing brown, streaky.

SYRPHUS. Hover Fly.

1. S. ribcsii. '_- in.; The raspberry fly. Black and yellow.

2. S. Icsncri. ' _. in.; like last, but no mark on second ring of body : tail-end

black.

3. S. cori-iis. \2 in. ; like last, but a dark orange shade on middle of body ;

lighter at sides, and one black ring more.

4. -S\ abreviatus. % in. ; like last, but bodv verv short, and no light mark

between chest and body,
v A', lappuiiicus. YZ in. ; black and yellow; wing brown on fiont edge.

6. S. americanus. ?t in.; chest bronze green ; body black, with broad yellow

bands; legs rusty : wing yellowish.

7. 6". coitca-cus. .3 a in.; like last, but chest less bright and wing not yellow.

5. S. obscurus. -'gin.; dark green bronze ; body with triangular coppery spots.
9. 6'. politHS. .'« in. ; chest olive, with yellow edge and whitish middle stripe;

body black, with bands and square spots.
10. S. diversipes. -3 in. : chest black, with yellow hairs: body black, with yellow bands.

11. S. {Platychirus) hyperboreus. j\ in. ; like the next, but brown woolly.

12. .S'. (JPlatychirus) quadrntns. ^ in. ; shinv bron/.e green; body with yellow spots.

(41)

13- -5- (Sphaerophorid) cylindrictts. f\ in.; chest metallic olive green; body rust yellow: first
ring black.

14. S. obliquus. % in. ; chest metallic green ; body black, with two yellow bands and eight stripes. ..

15. S. geminatus. % in. ; chest black, with yellow sides; body black, with yellow bands, double

spots and stripes ; legs yellow.

16. £. marginatns. T% in. ; chest black, with yellow sides; body black, with yellow bands, spots,

streaks and edges ; legs yellow.

TRIODONTA. (POLYDONTA.) (MERODON.) Shanks Fly.

1. T. curvipes. yz in.; black, with yellow hair; body reddish, with a black triangle above ;

hind shanks thickened.

2. T. (Merodon) bctrdus. |^ 'n- ! shaped like curvipes; chest, first ring and sides of body

covered with yellow hairs.

SERICOMYIA.

1. .9. chrysotoxoides. l/> in.; black, with yellowish hair on chest, and whitish marks

on body.

2. S. militaris. V? in. ; white and black.

(42)

V.

U@K

^t

ER1STAL1S. Mud Fly.

1. .fi1. tenax. 5 a in.; bronze brown, with yellow hair around

chest ; two spots and one band on body ; wing clear.

2. E. fiavipes. fyfa in. ; black, and strongly yellow-haired : m>

spots on body, but the first ring yellow hairy.

3. E. bastardi. fa in. ; black : gray hairy ; four orange spots

on bodv.

4. E. saxorum. }'2 in. : shiny black ; body with steel blue

bands and yellow rings ; wing blackish brown.
E. dimidiatus. yi in. ; metallic black, with gray hair ; IM,,|\

with yellow spots ; leg joints white.
E. transvcrsits. T\ in. ; black ; chest yellow hairy ; body

with yellow spots.
E. tcneus. -j7^ in. ; bronxe brown ; gray haired ; marks

indistinct.

8. E. (.}fal/ota) posiicatus. -fa in. ; chest yellow hairy ; body

black ; yellow at first ring and thickened hind shanks.

9. E. cuprovittatus. y& '" i bronze green ; chest with coppery

stripes ; joints of shanks yellow.
E. chrysostomus. 3/s i»- : chest black, with four yellow

stripes ; body rusty yellow, with white double spots ; first

ring black.
E. brousi. |4 'n- i chest brown hair}- ; body orange and

black.

(43)

IO.

I I

VOLUCELLA.

i. / . evccta. 58 in. ; black, with yellow hair.

HELOPHILUS.

1. H. lat/fi-oHs. 5g in.; chest gray yellow, hairv, with three black stripes; body black

and orange.

2. //. similis. l/2 in. ; like the last, but smaller.

SYRITTA.

i. S. pipiens. T% in. ; shiny black, with white spots.

i. C. -cerbosa.

CRIORHINA.

^ in. ; yellowish gray and black hairy ; end of chest whitish.

I. M. marg'inata.

MESOGRAPTA.

y^ in. ; orange and black, like a small .V. liivrrsipes.

(44)

I.

SOMULA.

i/ccvra. 5S in.; chest shiny black; body black and yellow; legs yellow; toes
black.

SPILOMYIA.

S. fttsca. |4 '"• ; dark brown : whitish marks on
chest : tail-end gray hairy : legs black and yellow.

.!>. quadrifasciata. 5j in. ; chest black and yellow;
body gray, black and yellow ; legs yellow and dark
brown ; wing half brown.

S. longicornis. l/2 in. ; brown and yellow : legs yel-
low ; fore feet black : wing light brown and clear.

TEMNOSTO.HA.

7'. hiiHiln'laim. '2 in. : black, vellow and gray.

(45)

Family 23. CONOPID/E. Big-headed Flies. Much resembling wasps in shape. Their larvae live and
transform in the bodies of humble-bees.

CONOPS- Bighead.

1. C. excisa. 5/8 in. ; black , two gold spots on chest and on joints of body ; wing half

black, half clear.

2. C. nigricornis. y2 in. ; black ; sides of body yellow marked ; shank yellowish, with

a black band ; wing broadly brown.

3. C. Sagittarius. l/2 in. ; black and white.

4. C. marginata. T7^ in. ; black ; a broken band on chest, and sides of body yellow.

LODION. Sucking Fly.

1. L. ftdvifrons. % in. ; gray, with two black stripes on chest, and black double spots

on bod}'.

2. L. abdominalc. J{ in. ; chest dark gray; body, front and legs brick red.

MYOPA. Bladdcrhead.

1. M. stylata ; 3/% in. ; chest blackish ; body with black and yellow bands ; hind shanks yellow, with two black

bands.

2. M. vesiculosa. 3/% in. ; reddish brown ; wing brown, whitish near shoulder.

3. M. longicornis. -f\ in. ; blackish, body white spotted on each side ; legs yellow.

(46)

Family 24. SCENOPINID/E. Window Flics. Small black flies, without bristles. They are named
from being often found on the windows. Their body is flat, and their wings overlap each other when at rest.

SCENOPINUS. Window Fly.

I. .S". pallipc*. l/£ in. ; metallic brown, with yellow legs and brown wings.

Family 25. LONCHOPTERID/E. Spear-Winged Flies. Small brownish or yellowish flies; live on
grasses in moist places. Wings cover each other when at rest.

LONCHOPTERA. Spear-winged Fly.

Family 26. PIPUNCULID/E. Big-eyed Flies. Small flies, sometimes found on flowers; their heads
are all eyes.

PIPUNCULUS. Big- Eyed Fly.

Family 27. PLATYPEZID/C. Flat-footed Flies. Like small house flies, but the upper joints of their
feet are widened and flat. They are found hovering in the air or running swiftly over leaves.

PLATYPEZA. Flat-footed Fly.

(47)

Family 28. DOLICMOPODID/E Loil(/-lc(/<je(l Flies. Mostly bright metallic green; found in swamps
on water plants. They prey on other insects ; their larva' live in decaying vegetable matter.

DOLICHOPUS. Long-legged Fly.

D. cuprinus. '4 in. ; chest bronzegreen, with coppery stripes ; legsyellow ;

feet black.
D. brevipennis. % in. ; metallic green ; legs yellow ; feeler, half of hind

shanks and feet black.
D. "•rai/rs. ]/ in. ; blue green ; feet black ; shins and face yellow.

O /•+ & J

D. laticornis. -fa in. ; green ; feet black ; shins yellow ; face white.

D. sctifer. T3ff in. ; dark green ; feet black ; shins yellow ; face white ; hind

feet thorny.
D. pacJi vcucmjts.
D. splciididitt.

black.

D. eudactylus. }£ in. ; green ; fore legs yellow ; hind feet black and yellow,
in. ; green ; face white ; feeler red ; feet yellow.
4 in. ; green ; middle and side stripes of chest brassy

\± in.; green; feet yellow ; hind feet black.

in. ; green with red reflex ; fore legs yellow ; hind feet

D. i'ar/a/>/7/'s.
D. longipennis.

yellow, feeler red ; feet yellow : face yellowish white.

1 1.

/>. fnhipcs.
vellow.

I), iliscifer.

/>. VC/O.SV/.V.

'4

green ; face golden ; feeler, fore legs, and hind feet dark

'4 in.; green; face white ; feeler black ; feet yellow.
^ in, ; like last ; but tip of fore feet black.
in. : like last ; feet black and studded with long bristles.

Gymnopternus barbatulus. !'s in.; dark green; feet black; face bearded.

(48)

if>. (r. .v/VcAf/'/y/.s. ,:-'lT in. : chest violet; feeler black ; feet vellou .

17. <i. < )•//>/•>,•/>.%•. ^ iii. ; like last ; but feeler red.

18. (r. nigribarbus. 'H in.; bronze black ; face bearded.

19. (i. t/<'/>/'/fs. '« in.; green; face gray ; feeler ml; legs yellow.

20. l\-lii*toiicitnt!; longicauda. ,:!11 in. : bron/.e black ; live \vhite spots on chest part, above.
Ji. /'. calf iii-ttn*. ';, dark bronze; feeler led.

22. 'I'arlivlrccJui* iiinccliiis. '/£ in. ; hron/.e green ; feeler yellow.

_•}. Diostracits prasinus. }{ in.; pale green ; body black ; feet vellou .

J^. Argvra calcitrant. ';;in.; black; face \\-liite ; legs pale yellow.

^5. Sviiar tli nt. * barbatns. 'a in.; green; feet yellow ; bind shanks green.

26. Porpkyrops melampus. f\- in.; metallic green ; feet black; hairy.

27. /'. (t-j//i;'if>cs) nigricoxa. '4 in.; like last ; feet yellow.

28. OiiipliorMs opactts. Jg in- : entirelv black.

29. D. s<ii1alh. ;',- in. ; bronze green ; thighs black ; feet yellow.

30. Lianculus genualis. -fc in. ; greenish; four black lines on chest, and bands on body: a white-eyed black

spot on tip of wing.

^i. .SV<7///.v cv//.v///.v. '4' in.; black: body copper color ; sides green; wing black.

^2. Hydrophorus fifraln. '4 in. : bron/.e brown ; body and legs green : wing grav.

•^T,. /'x/'/n/i/t.'i patibulatus. '/ in. ; dark green or steel-bine ; wings with two black bands : face hairv ; feet

black.

^4. /'. ftlipcs. '4 in. ; slender and long-legged ; head and chest steel-blue : bodv green ; feeler and legs yellow.

;^. /'. cainhitiiliif. ,',-; in. ; green gold ; body edge with black spots ; shanks yellow.

36. /'. ifiittitla. '4' in. ; bronze green ; wing lilack at point ; drops and hind edge clear.

•57. /'. sifi/m. }± in.; bright green ; wings with two short bands ; legs yellow.

38. /'. piillcns. '4' in. ; light green ; body with copperv black spots.

(49)

Family 29. nUSCID/C. Typical Flies. This family is very numerous, and embraces about two-thirds

of the whole order. It needs, therefore, a separate key.

KEY TO THE MUSCID^E.

Srn-FAMiLY I. Upper cell of wing ending near point, closed or nearly so.
Bristle at end of feeler, — smooth and bare

one side bare, the other comb-like
feathery at foot, bare at point
featlier-like to the end body bristly
body bristly only at last rings

Tachinidcs,

(Stonii>\y>.)

Sacrofkaga.

Dexia.

A/iisca.

SOB-FAMILY II. Upper cell wide open.

A scale covering the balancers in place of hind-wing and a seam across the breast-part Anthomyia am! Hylemia
The scale very small or entirely wanting; the seam across breast-part incomplete or wanting.

Here belong many families of small flies. The veinings of their wings lie between Anthomyia and Pliora. The
scientific divisions are made on small characters, and are often very difficult to recognize in such delicate objects.
A is called the auxiliary vein; I is called the first length-vein from which the forked second length-vein branches.
Wing similar to Anthomyia.
Vein A and I separate

Vein A and I, but separating near the front edge
Vein A close to I, cells large
cells small

Wing less complete than Anthomyia.
Vein A close to i, only one cell
Vein A and i grown together

separate near shoulder
Vein A only a slump
Vein A entirely wanting

Scatopliaga, Sciomysa, Trypcta, Tetanocera,
Sepedoa, Dryomyza, Pyrgota, and Orlalis.
Psila, Loxocera, Calobala and Alicropeza.
Helomyza and Sepsis.
I^onc/tifd and 'Sapromyza.

SphtFrocrphala .
Piopltila and Agromyza.
Rphydi iiiidir.
D rosophiltt.
Osciiiis and Chlorops.
P/wni.

Wing with a few stout veins near front-edge, and a few weak, unconnected ones in hind-edge -

(50)

TACMINID.'G. Slfift Flics. Tliesc flies are parasitic on other insects, particularly on caterpillars, mi
which tliev lav their eggs. Their larva1 live ami transform within the bodies of the caterpillars and thereby

destroy the latter.

TRICHOPODA. Eyebrow Fly.

i. '/'. fornmsa. 5,8 in : chest black with white stripes ; body red : wing black with white stripes.

7'. la iii p

in. ; black with white lines on chest : wing black, hind edge clear.

3-
4-

5-

6.

7". pen ni pcs. '4 in.; chest gold with black stripes ; body rust yellow ; hind legs feathered.

7'. cilipcs.

s.

.4

>lackish brown ; body reddish : wings lined : hind legs feathered.
7". hirtipcs. '± in.; black; first rings of body reddish ; wing clear edged.
V. plitinipcs. ]^ in. ; black ; hind edge ot" wing white ; hind legs feathered.

TACH1NA. Swift Fly.

(Jiii-itiiu) I/vsti-i\. '_. in.: blue black: body dark chestnut: head with yellow-
hair: wing light brown : scales brownish.

( f>irinia\ 'ilgcns. }2 in. : chest greenish blue black : body dee]) black : evi-s red
brown ; head and .shoulder brassy yellow : scales white,
i Ilystricia) :•/:•/</«. '; in.; chest gray with black stripes;

lack spots and hair ; legs light red.
abi-iipta. ,;. in.; chest gray with dark stripes : body orange.

with a blackish dotted stripe ; legs black.

tiis jiiiictti. -'4 in. ; chest gray with black lines: body black
and white banded.

(SeHO»ict»/>f'a) inilitaris or Xciiiortca htcaiiiic. Their
larva1 feed on the army worm and destroy it.
(LvJcl/a) tiorvpli'ii'tc. Their larva.1 teed on the potato
beetle.

(SO

>dv light red \\ ilb

TACHINA. Sn-ift Fly. —Continued.

Cassidomyia. Prevs on the helmet beetle.
Hyalomyia. Preys on leaf beetles.
Ocyptera. Feeds on bugs.
Chartophila floralis. Prevs on wasps' nests.

IDIA. Mouth Fly.

i. /. I'iriJis. '4 in. ; bron/e green, with black legs.

MUSCID/C. Common Flies. Their larva- live in decaying meat, sores, decaying vegetable or animal
matter, manure, etc.

STOMOXYS. Stinging or Stable Fly.

i. .S'. parasita. J'IT in. ; gray, blackish brown above ; red spots on first rings of body ; feeler
strongly comb-like.

e> J

2. S. calcitrans. -f^ in. ; gray, with black stripes on chest, and a band and four black spots

on body ; teeler hair feathery on one side. Both have long snouts. . „.

SARCOPHAQA. Flesh Fly.

The eggs of this fiv hatch within the female, and it deposits the living young maggots on dead animals,
meat, etc.

1. S. n-('t>/yjHa. '.' in.; blue gray, with black stripes on chest; body white, gray and black

chequered ; legs black ; tail-end reddish.

2. S. carnaria. 1A i". ; like la^t, but tail-end black. The males of both are much smaller : /- '

about 5 8 in.

DEXIA. Cone Fly.

1. /•>. vertebrata . l/2 in.: chest gray and black ; hod\ mange and black : wing smokx .

2. D. ihres. ,'i; in. : black ; chest with three yellow stripes ; body with yellow bands ; win«_;

yellow near shoulder ; end of veins blackish brown.

AII/SC4. House Fly.

1. .17. ffalt>. ?g in.; black; chest with four gray stripes : tail-end gray.

2. J/. ( Calliphord) i'i>»iitoria. Bine Bottle or Blow Flv: '_. in. ; chest gravish black; body

steel bine ; legs black ; eves coppery.

3. .17. xtvifiii. jY, in-; chest dark slate gray: body olive bron/e and vellow, chei|nered : legs

rust yellow.
-|. .17. (/,«<•///< O ctzruleiviridis . J,-. in.: dark bluish green; legs black.

5. .17. ( (\ilii filiora} cadaver inutn. ,'.. in.; dark steel blue : eves and le"s black.
-' / L o ^ e

6. .17. (Luciliii) Cicsar. Green Bottle Flv. .; A in. : brilliant metallic green: le^s black.

7. .17. t/on/cs/ica. ,-',., m. ; chest gravish black ; body horn color, with a broken black middle

stripe.
N. .17. liarpvia. jV; in. ; chest gray, with dark stripes ; body black, with hornv spots on the

edge.
(.). .17. ( Campsomyia) niaccllaritt. Screw-worm Flv. ,',. in. ; bright metallic green, with four

black stripes on chest.
10. .17. ( I hcniatobia} Semite. Horn Flv. ,',, in. : gravish black.

(53)

ANTHOnYID^E. FloWW Flies. They are mostly found on flowers. Their larva- live on roots or decay-
ing vegetable matter.

A N THOM VIA. Flo wcr Fly.

1. A. raf>liani. The Radish Fly. ^ in. ; ash gray: a brown spot on forehead and faint brown

lines on chest ; a black stripe on body, and narrow black lines on edge of rings. ^^^-^^>

2. A. (P/iorln'a) ccf<ar/tni. The Onion Flv. ]^ in. ; ash gray, with black hair; a rusty forked 'f^f£S^

spot on forehead and three rusty lines on chest; wings yellowish near shoulder. ' <^

3. A. cmiicularis. '4 in.; dark gray, with copper-colored eyes, edged by a white line, and a

large, yellowish, semi-transparent spot on both sides of each of the first three rings of the
body.

4. A. (Homalomyia) scalaris. }^ in. ; grayish black ; copper-colored eyes, edged by a white line,
v A. (/'fioi-l'ia) />rassici.T. The Cabbage Fly. i^ in. Feeds on the roots of cabbage, turnip.

radish and cauliflower.

6. A. :ac. Com Flv. Their larvie eat the kernel of the corn.

7. A. ( I'l'g'onivia I I'ici/iti. Beet Fly. Their larva- mine the leaves of the beet.

8. A. ici/esccus. ^K in. ; greenish black, with white edge around the eyes and brownish yellow wings.

SEPSIS. Fence Fly.

i. .S. niiniita. '3 in.: black; feeler brown ; legs yellow.

SCATOPHAGA. Manure Fly.

1. S. fitrcnttt. 12 in.; yellowish, hairy.

2. S. sytta/nfa. fjj in. ; gray brown ; face reddish ; hairy.

3. S. exotica. ^ in.; gray; chest with three brown stripes; body checkered; shanks reddish.

(54)

TRY PET A. Boring Fiy.

Small flies, with black and white wings, whose laivie live in the stems or in the fruits of plants.

1. T. comma. }.{ in. ; reddish ; yellow hairv : wing blackish with a clear tri-

angular spot enclosing a black comma.

2. /'. sparxci. '4 in. : chest and body grav : wing black.

3. T. ciitta. /4 in. ; vellow, with yellow wings, clear at edge, and black eye-

spots.

4. T. ((ainptoncnra) pictti. '4 in.; chest chestnut, with a black stripe: wing

blackish blown, with two white drops and three scallops on the edge.

5. T. laiigipcniiis. '/£ in. ; yellow, with four black dots near joint of body and chest; wing

brownish, yellow banded ; wing longer than body.

6. T. fratria. ^\\\.\ dark vellow : wings, with brownish wavy bands: wing as long as body.

7. /'. sna-.-is. ,',; in. ; pale yellow ; wing transparent, with black bands.

S. T. polita. '4' in. ; deep black ; head and legs yellow : wing whitish transparent with brown

bands.
9. 7'. i-otinuiipciini.t. l\ in. ; brown ; wing black, with white dots.

10. T. solidagi>iis. V4 in.; reddish brown; head and legs yellow: wing marked with red:

larva.' forms rounded bulbs in the sterns of the golden md.

11. T. scriata. '4 in.; entirely yellow ; wing with black edges and dots.

12. T. fx-f/a. ', in.; gravish ; legs and body yellow; wing black, with transparent spots.

Found on Ambrosia.

13. T. astcris. ,:lr; in. ; vellowish brown: legs pale ; wing with three irregular bum n bands.

Produces swellings on asters.

14. T. pomonclla. ^ in. ; head brown ; chest black with two gray stripes ; end of chest u bite :

body grayish black. An apple worm.

< 5 5 »

SAPRO.MYZA. Dirt Fly.

i. .V. rcshiosa. '3 in.; honey yellow ; wings yellowish, like varnish.

ORTALIS. Qay=colored Fly.

1. (). //t-\a. y± in.; red brown; wing with three transparent hands. The maggot feeds in

onions.

2. O. icnca. y± in. ; bronze green, with red front ; wing with three brown bands.

3. (). notata. ^ in. ; dark bronze green ; a yellow band near tail-end, and a triangular spot on

point of wing.

LONCHJEA. Long Fly.

Raises blisters on the stems of the willow.

LOXOCERA. Long= horned Fly.

i. L. cylindrica. */( in. ; rusty yellow, with a brown stripe on chest and point of wing.

CALOBATA. Long-legged Fly.

i. C. anteiinipes. fg in. ; black, with yellow legs ; the fore legs and joints of hind legs white ; hind shanks
with two brown bands.

MICROPEZA. Small* footed Fly.

i. .17. pa/lipes. }{ in.; black; mouth and legs yellowish.

(56)

SPH.-ERACEPHALA. Perspective Fly.

i. 6'. brci'icornis. }^ in. ; black, with rustv vellow legs; wing with a brown band ami point;
eyes stalked.

PYRGOTA. Cone Fly.

i. /'. nndata. J4 in.; yellow rusty brown ; a faint cross-mark on chest ; a clear spot
on front edge of wing; hind edge of wing with clear scallops.

SEPEDON.

I. 6". fuscipcunis. }4' in.; chest blue black; body and legs chestnut red;
feet black ; wing clouded.

I. -S". obtusa.

SCIOMYZA.

in.; grayish brown : wing clouded ; veins blackish.

,v

4'

5-
6.

TETANOCERA. Damp Fly.

plnniosa. 3g in.; head reddish gold ; chest pale grayish brown ; body yellowish shaded and

marked dark brown.

clara. {}• in.; pale yellow; face white; chest with two brown stripes; wings tawny.

brown clouded.

arcitata. ^ft- in. ; yellowish brown ; chest with brown dots; wing with large brown spots.

saratti^'ensis. l/^ in. ; yellow ; eyes black ; chest with two faint stripes ; wing gray, brown

banded, front edge black.

pii'tipcs. }£ in. ; like last, but pale gray, and legs handed.

a. '^ in. ; reddish brown ; wing with two double bands of dark spots.

(57)

PSILID/E are small orange and black flies, about % inch in length.

DRYOMYZA.

1. D. simplex. ,\ in. ; polished yellow ; wing tinged.

AQROMYZA. Field Fly.

i. A. tritici. Wheat Moss Fly. TV in. ; black.

HYLEM1A.

i. H. deceptiva. ^ in. ; The Sham Wheat Fly. Ash gray, with black legs ; chest witli three
and body with one spotted stripe ; front tawny yellow.

OSCINIS.

i. O. tibialix. l/2 in.; black, legs yellow ; hind shanks banded.

HELOMYZA. Saw Fly.

I. //. quinque biiiictatu. }£ in.; yellowish brown ; body rust yellow, black side spots: wing five spotted.

CHLOROPS. Qrccn=cyed Fly. \

1. C. vulgaris. ^ in. ; pale tawny yellow ; a black spot on head ; feeler black.

2. C. antenna! is. Like lust, with pale variations ; feeler yellow.

(58)

PIOPHILA. Cheese Maggut Fly.

1. /'. can-/. "gin.; glossy black ; middle and hind legs vellowish. Their maggots are the well-

known skippers in old cheese.

EPHYDRlNIDsE. Salt Water Fly.

Small Hies found near the s;dt water, in which their larv;e live.

:. Dic/ucfn cii/tdtfta. -fa in. : black, with ten long bristles in tail.

2. />. brci-icanda. ls in. : black, with six long bristles in tail.
\otiphila bclla. !s in. : gray, with brown stripes.
Psilopa atra. '3 in. ; glossy black ; hind teet red.

ninfoccrii(a pai--a. fa in. : ashy gray ; body black ; wing transparent ; feeler, knees and feet yellow.
Hydrelliiia livpolcuca. l/% in. ; brassv brown ; face and under side white : legs black : hind feet n<l.
Brachydcutera dimidiata. y% in. ; brown; under side white.

/'aryi/ra t>/t/il>crcitlata. ^ in.: brassy brown ; wing gray, with black border: two warts on hind pan
of chest.

/rij atro-vii-cHS. fa in. ; dark green.

fa fai'itlacea. ' :-j in. ; ashy gray : wing with four clear spots.

OCHTERA. Catch Fly.

i. O. tubcrcitlata. -fa in. ; black, with swollen shanks ; feet red.

O. cmpiiliforiiiis. yi in. ; whitish ; body black ; head gray, with black eyes.

(59)

DROSOPHILA. Apple Fly.

i. D. ampelopliila. ft in. Pomace or Wine Fly. Yellowish. Found about wine or cider vats,
and live on decaying fruit.

PHORID^E. Hump-backed Flies.
Phora, Minute flies, found sometimes on windows, sometimes flying and dancing in swarms.

Family 30. GESTRID/E. Gad or Bot Flies. Large bee-like flies with very small mouths ; parasitic on
animals.

(ESTRUS. Bot Fly.

1. CE. ovis. Sheep Bot Fly. y2 in.; brown, smooth ; body checkered. Lays its eggs in the

nostrils of sheep; from there the maggots, when hatched, creep up the passages of the
nose and fasten themselves in the chambers of the forehead.

2. (£. phobifcr. ^4 in.; black; chest and tail-end reddish ; wing black banded.

QASTROPHILUS. Horse Bot Fly.

1. G. equi. y? in.; pale yellow, spotted with red : chest banded with black ; wing

spotted. It lays its eggs on the knees of horses : the hatched maggots irritate
the horse, which licks the infested spot and gets the maggots into his mouth,
and from there they crawl into his stomach where they fasten themselves and
stay until full grown, passing out with the excreta.

2. G. hamorrhoidalis. % in. ; red tail. Lays its eggs on the lips of the horse.

3. G. vcfcrinus. The Farrier Bot Fly. ^ in. ; brown. Lays its eggs under the throat of the horse.

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HYPODERMA. Warble Fly.

1. //. bo-jiis. J<2 in.; black; face pale gray and yellow; chest with a yellow and white

band ; body with a yellow, black and reddish band. It lays its eggs on the backs of

cattle. The maggots bore through the skin and produce tumors in which they live " ;/-1A'$s,-'V

till full grown and then crawl out. , '

2. //. lincata. ^ in.; black, covered with gray hair ; black hairy on middle of body ; tail- (^

end yellow ; chest with indistinct stripes ; legs reddish yellow. Habits like the last.

CUTEREBRA. Skin=boring Fly.

1. C. ctiniculi. \ l/% in. ; black ; sides and hind portion of chest yellow hairy.

Lives on rabbits.

2. C. Jiorripilitm . i in. ; chest and first rings yellow hairy.

3. C. anifricana. rg in. ; black ; sides of chest yellow with three black

dots.

4. C. ftuccata. ~% in.; grav : body steel-blue ; head and sides with black

dots. Lives on squirrels.

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III. SUB -ORDER PUPIPARA.

LOUSE FLIES AND TICKS.

Family 31. HIPPOBOSCID/E. Louse Flies and Ticks. This and the next two families differ from all
flies mentioned before by having no larva state. The female instead of laying eggs, gives birth to the pupa from
which the insect emerges.

HIPPOBOSCA. Louse Fly. Forest Fly.

II 'it li fire reins in their u'ings.

1. //. ci/uina. ]/± in.; bright rust yellow; chest chestnut; feet black. Nestles in the hair of

the horse.

2. ff. bubonis. 3/y in. ; horn color with reddish tinge and black hairs; feet and tail-end black.

Lives on the owl.

LIPOPTENA. Deer Tick.

Lives in his wingless state on the deer, and with developed wings on the partridge. With three length-veins
in the wing. L. cervi on the deer; Ornithomyia palliila on the partridge.

ORNITHOMYIA. Bird Louse Fly.

1. O. nebitlosa. -^ in. ; yellow head; chest reddish brown with yellow spot on shoulder, and three stripes ;

body pale brown with black hair.

2. O. pall ida. \ in.; chest pale yellow ; body pale brown ; legs white on partridge.

3. O. confluent. ''s in. ; reddish brown.

4. O. fuscivcutris. ^ in. ; chest honey yellow : body brown ; legs green.

(62)

OLFERSIA. Sucking Fly.

i. O. anicricana. ,'4 in. : to point of wing. j7^ in. ; clay yellow, with impressed middle line on chest. Lives
Dii owls and other birds.

MELOPHAQA. Mammal Fly.

(I 'ingless.

ti . J/. t/c/>rr.t.'ict. Jfj in-! honey yellow, with oval eyes.
2. J/. ovina. The Slieep Tick.
%

Family 32. NYCTERIBIID/E. Bat Lice. Leather yellow; about ',3 inch in length.

Family 33. BRAULID/E. Bee Lice.

BRAULA. Bee Louse.

i. U. area, y'g in. ; wingless and eyeless. Lives on the honey bee.

Family 34. PULICID/E.

PULEX. Flea.

i. /'. irritant. The human Flea. Dark brown; no spines on mouth or back of neck,
j. /'. (Centtopsyllus) serrattccps. The Dog Flea. Reddish tawny brown ; a row of black spines
on sides of mouth and back of neck. Other fleas occur on different birds and animals.

(63)

FOR THE COLLECTOR.

Flies are caught in a common butterfly net made of mosquito netting; a slight pressure between the fingers
.Us them. A pin run through the- chest pait makes them readv for the cabinet. The larger ones may be
retched like butterflies. The craneflies require delicate handling or their legs will come off. Small flies may
: gummed on a piece of card, and this pinned in the cabinet, though I prefer to dry them between white paper
ith a slight pressure as in a book. Afterwards arrange and name them on a sheet of heavy white paper and
en lay a plate of glass of the same si/e over it and paste it secure! v around the edges.

The drawings in this book are mostly life-size, the small kinds being drawn double life-size.

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KNOBEUS ILLUSTRATED GUIDE BOOKS

TO FACILITATE THE STUDY OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE

1. A GUIDE TO FIND THE TREES AND SHRUBS OF NEW ENGLAN,

2. THE FERNS AND EVERGREENS OF NEW ENGLAND.

3. THE DAY BUTTERFLIES AND DUSKFLYERS.

4. BEETLES OF NEW ENGLAND AND THEIR KIND.

5. THE NIGHT MOTHS OF NEW ENGLAND.

6. FRESH-WATER FISHES OF NEW ENGLAND.

7. THE TURTLES, SNAKES, FROGS, AND OTHER REPTILES.
«. THE MOSQUITOES AND FLIES OF THE NORTH.

(Several others in preparation.^

Each, oblong, paper, net 50 cents. Cloth, net 75 cents.

NORTH.

SOME EXTRA GOOD BOOKS.

" EVERY BIRD." By Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. Fully Illustrated. - - - - $ 1.00

THE GAME BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. By Frank A. Bates. - 1.00

SPARROWS AND FINCHES. By C. J. Maynard. Illustrated. 1.50

KEY TO THE WATER-BIRDS OF FLORIDA. By C. B. Cory. Illustrated. 1.75

EATON'S FERNS OF NORTH AMERICA. 81 Colored Plates, 2 Vols. - 40.00

GOODALE'S WILD FLOWERS OF AMERICA. 51 Colored Plates. 7.50
BRITTON & BROWN'S FLORA OF THE NORTHERN U. S. Illustrated, per vol. 3.00

CHAPMAN'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. New Edition. 4.00

DODGE'S FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. - - - .50

BRADLEE WHIDDEN, PUBLISHER, 18 Arch Street, Boston.