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_ under the act of ine 16, 1894

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ALBANY, NGEY 2 APRIL 15, 1909

New York State Museum

Joun M. Crarke, Director

- Museum bulletin 128

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID
QUADRANGLES

D. DANA LUTHER

PAGE PAGE

Shot Ee Seance eas 6 Pally einestone: fo. es. ss eee 28

RP Ie SE wea s chs 5 TBBa ss 7 Genesee shale... 0.2... 66. ieee 25

ec a a ie vf Genundewa limestone horizon... 26

Ss ae ZS 8 West Rivershale...........08.. 28

obleskill waterlime............ 9 Cashagita Shales... 20. den w eee 28

Rondout waterlime...2..6....55 9 Rhinestreet shale...........%... 30

Mranliowimestone. -Fo.a kes 10 Hatch shale and flags.......%..: 30

Devonic.........-.2-.. eerie dees. 10 Grimes sandstone..:... +. 2am « 31

Oriskany sandstone...').2...0...% Io West Hill (Gardeau) flags and

Onondaga limestone............ II Shale ee oC ts Side. chat ones rae 32

Me Marcellus shale....i:;.....¥.-. , 14 | High Point sandstone........:. 32
mi Cardiff shale........ MNS Ate cite ee 15 Prattsburg sandstone - Wiscoy ©

Biioccow Sid TOTS Ae ae are 22

ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORRs

sch ee

P= _ Skaneateles ee Peat ce Be «6 16 shale, Chemung sandstone.... 32
= Ludlowville 2 pe aA eee ie Ayo) ai aca hated abd ae RESET hc 32
» Tichenor limestone...........-. Pim ERTS Pee sated eres chee ts 37

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STATE OF NEW YORK

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Regents of the University

With years when terms expire

WuitEeLaw Reip M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor New York
Sr Crain McKetway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Brooklyn

‘DANIEL BEACH Ph.D, LE.D. =~ = S-=—. =) Watkins
Puuny T.Sexton LLB. LL.D. | == =~ = (=) Palmyra
T. Gui_rorD SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - -— Buffalo

Wititam NotrincHaM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - — Syracuse

CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D..LL.D. D.C.L. New York

ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D.

Epwarp Laurersatu M.A. LL.D. —
EUGENE A. PHILBIN LL.B. LL.D.- -—-
Lucian L. SHEDDEN LL.B. LL. ©. =
HRANGCIS Vie CARPENTER] =o =)C G0

Commissioner of Education

LL.D. — Albany

— = = Newsork
- = — New York
- —--— Plattsburg

— — — Mount Kisco

ANDREW S. Draper LL.B. LL.D.

Assistant Commissioners

Aucustus S. Downine M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Assistant —
Frank Rowuins B.A. Ph.D. Second Assistant
THomMAS E. Finecan M.A. Zhird Assistant

Director of State Library

James I. Wyer, Jr, -M.L.S.

Director of Science and State Museum

JouN M. CiaRKE Ph.D. LL.D.

Chiefs of Divisions

Administration, HARLAN-H. HorNER B.A.

Attendance, James D. SULLIVAN

Educational Extension, WILLIAM R. EASTMAN M.A. M.L.S.
Examinations,, CHARLES F. WHEELOcK B.S. LL.D.

Inspections, FRankK H. Woop M.A.
_Law, Frank B. GILBERT B.A.

School Libraries, CHarRLES E. FitcnH L. H.D.

Statistics, Hiram C. Case

Trades Schools, ARTHUR D. Dean B.S.

Visual Instruction, ALFRED W. ABRAMS Ph.B.

——s

New York State Education Department
Science Division, November 20, 1908

Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D.
Commissioner of Education

Sir: I have the honor to communicate herewith for publication
as a bulletin of the State Museum, a report on the geology of the
Geneva and Ovid quadrangles, accompanied by a map on the scale
of one mile to the inch.
Very respectfully yours

Joun M. CLARKE
Director

State of New York
Education Department

COMMISSIONER’S ROOM

Approved for publication this 21st day of November 1908

Commissioner of Education

Education Department Bulletin

Published fortnightly by the University of the State of New York

Entered as second-class matter June 24, 1908, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under
the act of July 16, 1894

No. 445 ALBANY, N. Y. APRIL 15, 1909

New York State Museum

Joun M. Crarke, Director

Museum bulletin 128

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES

BY
D. DANA LUTHER

The geologic map of the Geneva and Ovid quadrangles covers
an area of 455 square miles in the heart of the Finger Lakes region
of central New York.

A part of this area embracing about 100 square miles lying to
the north of Seneca lake and Seneca river is a low, flat, alluvial
region diversified with many kames and drumlins, conical or oblong
hills of sand and gravel that rarely reach a hight of more than 100
feet and are usually much lower.

In this region the soft red Vernon and gray Camillus shales that
succeed the Medina sandstones and Lockport dolomites at the north
were excavated during the glacial epoch to considerably greater
depth than those harder rocks, thereby producing a broad shallow
depression that extends eastward from Ontario county to Onon-
daga county, and through which the waters from a large part of
the Finger Lakes drainage area reach Lake Ontario by way of the
Seneca and Oswego rivers. The northern part of the Geneva
quadrangle lies in this depression and although possessing features
of extraordinary interest to the student of glacial geology is wholly
devoid of rock outcrops by which the contact lines of the geologic
subdivisions ¢an be located. The area lying south of the Seneca
river, however, presents entirely different characteristics as it lies
on the sloping northern edge of the great New York plateau
against which the ice sheet here spent a large part of its erosive
force in deepening and enlarging the old preglacial depressions,
now the Seneca lake and Cayuga lake valleys, to their present
depth and size, leaving a broad separating ridge between them.

;
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6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

This ridge, barely above the present lake level at the north end,
rises toward the south at an average rate of 50 feet per mile to 1400
feet above it at the south side of the Ovid quadrangle.

The higher eastern and western slopes are moderately steep,
ranging from 100 to 250 feet per mile, while the lower reach 400
to 500 feet per mile and nearly vertical cliffs extend for many
miles along the lake shores, in which there is a magnificent display
of the stratigraphy of the region; the numerous ravines and
gorges cut through the thin drift mantle that overspreads the ridge,
some of which show rock walls 100 to 200 feet in hight, afford
abundant opportunities for the collection of fossils. These condi-
tions have made this region a specially attractive one to geologists
and its stratigraphy and surface phenomena have been discussed by
several scientific writers among whom are Prof. James Hall in the
annual and final reports of the fourth geological district 1837 to
1842, and Dr D. F. Lincoln in a report on the geology of Seneca
county published in the 14th Report of the State Geologist of New
York, 1895.

STRATIGRAPHY

The following formations are represented on the map:

Chautamaaan j Chemung sandstone
| Prattsburg shale
High Point sandstone
West Hill flags and shale
Grimes sandstone
Hatch shale and flags
Rhinestreet shale
Cashaqua shale
West River shale
3 , Genundewa limestone horizon
Genesee shale
Tully limestone
Moscow shale
Tichenor limestone
Ludlowville shale
Skaneateles shale
Cardiff shale
Marcellus shale
Ulsterian.... Onondaga limestone
Oriskanian.. Oriskany sandstone

Seneca ea:

Devonie. .

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 7

Manlius limestone
Rondout waterlime
Cayugan.... 2 Cobleskill waterlime
Bertie waterlime
Camillus shale

Ontaric or [
Siluric....

The strata composing the surface rocks of these quadrangles as
delineated on the map have an aggregate thickness of 2140 feet of
which 1460 feet are exposed by the gradual elevation of the land
from 400 feet A. T. in the northeast corner of the Geneva quad-
rangle to 1860 feet A. T. near the southeast corner of the Ovid
quadrangle and 680 feet are brought up by the elevation of the
strata toward the north and east at an average rate of 24 feet per
mile.

It is proper to call attention to the fact that variations in the
thickness of the strata and the undulatory condition of the bedding
make calculations of the dip of little value except as between any
two specified points.

SILURIC

Camillus shale

The lowest and most northern of the rock series exposed on the
Geneva quadrangle is the Camillus shale, a small outcrop showing
8 feet of the platten dolomites of the lower part of this formation
occurring on Black creek 1 mile south of Tyre.

This is the only rock exposure on these quadrangles north of the
Auburn branch of the New York Central Railroad, all of that
region having a mantle of drift varying from a few feet in the
lower swampy plains to 100 feet or more in the numerous drumlins
and kames that diversify the landscape. Therefore the coloring is
to be taken as showing the surface area of the rock formations in
a plane having a presumed elevation of about 400 feet A. T.

The Camillus shale is that subdivision of the Salina group that
succeeds the Vernon red shale and is composed in the lower part
of thin dolomitic limestones and thin layers of soft shale and at the
top has a bed of gypseous shale 35 feet thick, some parts of which
are of sufficient purety to have, when pulverized, some eco-

_ nomic value as land plaster and wall plaster. Gypsum was quarried

about 1840 near Black brook west of Nichols Corners and the bed
has been penetrated in the bottom of wells in that vicinity. It is not
exposed along that stream now, the exposure south of Tyre being
below it. It is well displayed, however, in the cliff along the north

8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

side of the Seneca river for a mile east of Seneca Falls, and in
several places on the south side in cliffs and old quarries. More
than 5000 tons were quarried annually in this immediate vicinity in
the middle of the last century.

This stratum is exposed in a line of quarries and natural outcrops
extending from Madison county to Genesee county showing a
variable proportion of gypsum in the clay shales at different
localities. é

The first discovery of gypsum in the United States is said to have
been made in the year 1792 at Camillus, N. Y. where the bed is
extensively exposed; hence the formation name.

Traces of organic life are absent from the Camillus shale except
for the rare appearance of the little ostracod, Leperditia alta
(Conrad), and obscure markings that are perhaps trails made by
this or a similar organism.

Bertie waterlime

This is a mass of impure magnesian limestone, hard and dark
when freshly broken, but softening and changing to a light ashen
gray or buff color when exposed.

It is usually in layers 3 inches to 10 inches in thickness, separated
by thin partings of carbonaceous matter. Some of the layers are
quite compact and in these the rock has a conchoidal fracture ; others
are thinly laminated and weather into a hard slaty shale.

The “ cement rock” so extensively quarried in Erie county is in
the upper part of this formation and some of the layers have been
burned and used as waterlime all along its line of outcrops in the
central and western part of the State. In this vicinity it has fallen
into disuse for that purpose, probably because it has been found
lacking in the proportion of silicon necessary to good cement.

The Bertie waterlime is. well exposed in the rock wall on the
south side of the river at Seneca Falls below the bridge and the
contact with the Camillus shale at the base may be seen in the
banks for half a mile eastward. As the upper contact is covered,
the thickness can only be estimated, but it is approximately 22 feet.
Fossils are rare in these beds but the few that do occur are exceed-
ingly interesting as the fauna is a peculiar association of crusta-
ceans, the remains of which while few and fragmentary in this -
vicinity, are more common at Buffalo and in Herkimer county and
have made this horizon one of the most interesting of the New
Work series.

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 9

At Buffalo there have been collected from the Bertie limestone,
the» ostracod Leperditia scalaris Jones, Ceratio-
caris accuminata Hall and an extensive eurypterid fauna.
A few lingulas, Orbiculoidea and other brachiopods occur in the
lower layers at Union Springs.

Cobleskill waterlime

In this locality this formation is composed of three or four layers
of hard, dark limestone that after long exposure weathers to a dark
brown. |

It is exposed on the Geneva quadrangle only in the old McQuan
quarry a mile southwest of Seneca Falls, where the upper layer, a
compact coralline stratum 7 feet thick, and 1 foot of similar rock
below without coral, yet remains uncovered.

The lower part not being exposed the actual thickness of the
formation here is not known but on Frontenac island at Union
Springs it is 8 feet, 6 inches thick and as it increases slowly toward
the west Io to 12 feet is a fair estimate of its thickness in this
quarry.

In the western part of the State where the Cobleskill is known
to quarrymen as “ bullhead”’ it is lighter colored, scraggy and con-
tains many small cavaties produced by the weathering out of small
fossils and crystals of calcite.

It is everywhere quite fossiliferous. The heavy layer in the
McQuan quarry is largely composed of the coral, Stromato-
pora concentrica Hall and on Frontenac island where the
exposure is specially favorable for collecting and where fossils are
more than commonly abundant, 30 species have been found to occur.
Of these, the more common forms next to the Stromatopora are:

Favosites niagarensis? Hall Stropheodonta varistriata Conrad
Halysites catenulatus Linné Whitfieldella sulcata (Vanuxem)
Cyathophylium hydraulicum Simp- Ilionia sinuata Hall

son Trochoceras gebhardi Hall
Spirifer crispus var. corallinensis Leperditia alta (Conrad)

Grabau

Rondout waterlime
Overlying the Stromatopora layer in the McQuan quarry there
‘is a bed of dark somewhat shaly magnesian limestone 9 feet thick,
some parts of which are dolomitic. It is the only exposure on this
quadrangle of the Rondout waterlime, a formation 40 feet thick in

IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the eastern part of the State, that by decrease in the amount of
sediment or by transition in character, thins out in a westerly direc-
tion and is not known beyond Livingston county.

Fossils are rare in this formation here; Leperditia alta
(Conrad) and L. scalaris Jones occur throughout the bed and
segments of Eurypterus have been found 2 or 3 feet below the top
of the bed.

Manlius limestone

This formation is prominent in the stratigraphy of Onondaga and
Cayuga counties, but thins out rapidly in a westerly direction and
does not reach the McQuan quarry which affords the only exposure
of its horizon on this quadrangle. Flagstones and building blocks
reported to be from an old quarry in the south part of Seneca Falls,
are Manlius limestone, from which it is evident that it extends to
the vicinity of that village.

When freshly quarried the rock is very dark and hard, but when
weathered shows a straticulate structure and fades to a dull bluish
gray color.

It contains many fossils of which the more common are S piri-
fer vanuxemi Hall, Stropheodonta va nisms
Conrad and Leperditia alta (Conrad).

DEVONIC
Oriskany sandstone

The Helderbergian series of limestones that in eastern New York
constitute the basal formations of the Devonic system all thin out
in a westerly direction and disappear before reaching Cayuga county
and in western central New. York the Siluric waterlimestones are
succeeded in some localities by thin lentils of coarse quartzitic Oris-
kany sandstone, cross-sections of ancient sandbars.

Where the sandstone is absent, as in the McQuan quarry which
affords the only exposure of the Oriskany horizon on these quad-
rangles, the Rondout waterlime is separated from the Onondaga
limestone by a thin layer of black carbonaceous matter 3 to 6 inches
thick containing pebbles of waterlime and grains of black sand, but
no fossils. |

In Yawger’s woods 2 miles northeast of Union Springs and
8 miles southeast of the McQuan quarry the Oriskany sandstone is
4 feet 6 inches thick and crowded with characteristic fossils mostly
large brachiopods (Hipparionyx proximus, Spirifer

A 3

|
|

ger

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES II

Peemosts, o. Muarchisoni, Chonostrophia com-
planata, Rensselaeri ovides,etc.). A thin stratum
of this sandstone is exposed in the bed of Flint creek at Phelps,
and at Buffalo the loose sands of Oriskany time sifted into fissures
in the Cobleskill limestone, producing small sand “ dikes.”

Onondaga limestone

This appellation was first used by James Hall in the third
annual report of the Fourth Geological District for 1838, page 300,
and applied to “the gray crinoidal or Onondaga limestone which
follows the Oriskany sandstone and is well characterized and dis-
tinguished from any other by its peculiar gray or grayish blue color
and compact crystalline structure. Sometimes layers of chert or
hornstone are interspersed between those of the limestone; and
some of those contain much of that mineral while in others it occurs
only in small nodules. When the lower layers abound in chert they
contain few or no fossils while those containing little of it are full
of them.”

The upper beds are described on page 310 as the “ Seneca lime-
stone’ which “ succeeds the Onondaga and in some instances alter-
nates with it. It is recognized by its darker blue color, fine texture
and homogeneous structure. Like the Onondaga it contains much
chert or hornstone.”

Vanuxem, in the report on the third district for that year, page
274, describes the lower beds as the “
stone ”’

gray sparry crinoidal lime-
and says, “ This limestone is but a thin mass of from 8 to
12 feet in thickness ” and on page 275 he speaks of the upper beds
as “ Seneca limestone. This rests upon layers of cornitiferous.”

In 1824 Prof. Amos Eaton in A Geological and Agricultural
Survey of the District Adjoining the Erie Canal introduced the
name Cornitiferous limerock for a formation which evidently in-
cludes both the Onondaga and the Seneca limestones. He repeated
his definition with the addition of other localities in his Geological
Nomenclature for North America, 1828, page 25, and in the first edi-
tion of his Geological Text Book, 1830, page 42. He changed the
name to Corniferous limestone in the American Journal of Science
for 1839.

In the Final Report on the Fourth Geological District, 1843 Pro-
fessor Hall redescribes the Onondaga as “ included in the Cornifer-
ous limerock by Professor Eaton” and applies the term ‘ Cornif-
erous limestone” as equivalent to the “upper part of the Cornif-
erous limerock of Eaton, Seneca limestone of the annual reports.”

I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

In volume 3, Palacontology of New York, 1859, pages 42-45,
the Onondaga and Corniferous limestones, together with the
Schoharie grit and the Cauda-galli grit which do not extend as far
west as these quadrangles are classified as composing the “ Upper
Helderberg group” and this term has been widely used, specially in
connection with the fauna of those beds.

Investigations subsequent to the geological survey of 1837-42
have led to the conclusion that there are no well defined structural
changes in the character of the limestones in this formation that
are continuous for more than a short distance, the exceedingly
irregular distribution of the chert making its presence or absence
of no value as a guide to their stratigraphy, and the clearer sub-
crystalline character of the basal layers at some localities being due
to aggregations of corals, crinoid stems and other fossils in a man-
ner suggestive of coral reefs, in which the species are mainly if not
entirely those found to occur in greater or less abundance in the
higher beds.

In the reports of the fourth and third districts for 1838 in which
the name Onondaga was first applied to the limestone as a unit
term Hall and Vanuxem also used this word as a group term to
designate the “Saliferous group of Onondaga,’ changing in the
report for the succeeding year to “Onondaga salt group,” thus
duplicating the use of the word.

In 1899 Clarke and Schuchert in a revised Classification of the
New York Geologic Formations eliminated ‘“ Onondaga” as a
group term and continued it as a unit term in compliance with the
rules of geologic nomenclature, its application being expanded to
cover all of the limestone strata between the Oriskany sandstone
horizon and Marcellus shale, which for reasons above stated are
considered as constituting one formation. The name Seneca thus
discontinued as a unit term, has been employed as the designation
of a period or group (Senecan) for the formations extending from
the top of the Hamilton to the top of the Portage beds.

The formation consists of a heavy deposit of limestone, very
dark when freshly quarried but on exposure weathering to a light
bluish gray color. Its line of outcrop from the Hudson river valley
to Buffalo is marked by hundreds of quarries that have produced
and are still producing enormous quantities of handsome and dura-
ble building stone, and valuable fluxing road material. Until re-
cently the manufacture of quicklime from these beds was also an
important branch of business.

York.

GEOLOGY OF TIE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 13

It is 75 to 80 feet thick on this quadrangle and is composed of a
series of even layers 6 inches to 3 feet in thickness separated by
thin partings of shale or chert, these layers being usually divided by
vertical joints into large rectangular blocks. At the base a few
layers having usually a total thickness of 5 to 8 feet are composed
largely of corals and are specially desirable for house trimmings.

Chert or hornstone, varying in color from black to light blue is
unevenly distributed through a considerable part of the higher beds,
occurring in nodular layers or rows of separate nodules, on the sur-
face of the strata or compactly imbedded within them. Fragments
of these cherty beds are scattered over the country south of the line
of outcrop to which the protruding flinty nodes give a peculiarly
scraggy appearance.

While the layers that contain a considerable proportion of chert
are less valuable for building purposes, they afford in unlimited
quantities the best quality of road metal found in western New

The area over which the Onondaga limestone is the surface rock
in the Geneva quadrangle is divided by the Seneca river about
equally, that part on the north side being mainly in a low flat region
in which the rock is entirely covered by drift or alluvium.

A small outcrop of shaly limestone 2 miles north of Geneva
and west of the Auburn branch of the New York Central Railroad
is the only exposure of the Onondaga limestone on this quadrangle
north of the river and lake. In the region adjacent to the river on
the south side there is an average northward slope of 50 to 60 feet
per mile on the surface and the drift mantle being but a few feet
thick the rock appears in the fields and along the streams in many
places.

The best exposures are afforded by the extensive quarries of
which there are 10 or more in an irregular row beginning on the
river bank a mile west of Waterloo and extending toward the
southeast to the vicinity of Canoga. The basal layer is exposed
slightly in McQuan’s quarry and the cherty strata next above it at
the Waterloo dam.

In the old quarry near the Lehigh Valley Railroad a mile west
of South Waterloo, 25 feet of the beds just above the middle of
the formation may be seen and the same horizon is now exploited
in the Thomas Brothers quarry half a mile south of Waterloo; also

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

in the Rorison quarry 2% miles farther toward the southeast, and
in others nearer Canoga. That these quarries are in the same
horizon is shown by the appearance in each of a seam of soft gray-
ish shaly marlyte 6 to 8 inches thick easily distinguished from other
shaly partings in these beds. It overlies a nodular layer of chert 3
to 5 inches thick, but the rock for 10 to 12 feet above and below it is
quite free from chert and in even tiers of convenient thickness,
and therefore specially desirable for building purposes.

The upper layers appear along the bed of the stream that crosses
the Waterloo-Romulus road 114 miles southeast of Waterloo and
in an old quarry by the roadside 34 miles northeast of Kuneytown.

The fauna of the Onondaga limestone is a large one, the lists of
the species given in New York State Museum bulletin 63 for the
Canandaigua and Naples quadrangles containing 3 fishes, 39 crusta-
ceans, 13 cephalopods, 3 pteropods, 38 gastropods, 15 lamelli-
branchs, 48 brachiopods, 4 crinoids and 30 corals, total 193.

Marcellus shale

This formation was described by both Hall and Vanuxem as_

admitting of division into two parts. The former says on page 177
of the Report on the Fourth Geological District, 1843: “ The lower
is very black, slaty and bituminous and contains iron pyrites in great
profusion ; some portions are calcareous and it is always marked by

one or more courses of concretions or septaria which are often very.

large. This division terminates upward by a thin band of limestone
above which the shale is more fissile and gradually passes from
black to an olive or dark slate color.” The limestone here referred
to is now known as the Stafford limestone; it is 8 to to feet thick
in Erie county, but thins out toward the east and is not known
beyond Flint creek in Ontario county where it is but 4 inches thick,
Its place in Seneca and Cayuga counties is shown by a thin band of
lighter colored shales containing many of the fossils common in the
limestone. ;

The term Marcellus shale is now restricted to the beds between
the Onondaga limestone and the horizon of the Stafford limestone,
and the beds formerly known as upper Marcellus are now desig-
nated Cardiff shale. |

In Onondaga county and farther east the transition from the
Onondaga limestone to the black Marcellus shale is abrupt, and

clearly defined, but in the succeeding 15 feet of rock there are inter-_

stratified several thin layers of dark limestone and at the top of

GEOLOGY OF THE, GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES I5

these basal beds there occurs the 2 foot stratum known to geologists
as the Agoniatite limestone which extends to the western part of
the State and is readily distinguished by its peculiar character and
fossils.

The shales intervening between the Onondaga limestone and
Agoniatite limestone become more calcareous westward from Mar-
cellus and at Union Springs are mostly dark impure bituminous
limestone, more or less shaly. On this quadrangle and in Ontario
and Livingston counties they are still more calcareous and lighter
colored and in the western part of the state are so far assimilated
to the Onondaga limestone as to be not separable from that
formation.

Above the Agoniatite limestone a row of large spherical concre-
tions and a few thin calcareous flags are the only variations in the
bed of densely black shale up to the horizon of the Stafford lime-
stone. The Marcellus black shale has a thickness of 45 feet on the
Geneva quadrangle. It is exposed along the-bed of a small stream
that crosses the Romulus road 2 miles south of Waterloo; in the
bed of Kendig creek and on the east shore of Seneca lake south
of the outlet ; also, slightly in the road a mile west of Canoga spring.

The following is a list of the more common fossils of the Mar-
cellus black shale:

Orthoceras subulatum Hall C. mucronatus Hall

Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Strophalosia truncata Hall
Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall Liorhynchus limitare (Vanuxem)
Nuculites oblongatus Conrad L. multicosta Hall

Chonetes lepidus Hall
Cardiff shale

In the absence of the Stafford limestone on this quadrangle, the

Cardiff shale here succeeds directly the Marcellus shale as above
‘described and is equivalent to the ‘“‘ Upper shale of Marcellus” of
Vanuxem for which the name here used was substituted in New
York State Museum bulletin 63, 1904, from its abundant exposure
in the vicinity of Cardiff, Onondaga co.

As compared with the shale below the Stafford limestone the
Cardiff shale is more argillaceous and fissile and gradually passes
from black to an olive or dark slate color.

At the base of the formation a band of calcareous shale 2 feet
thick in the horizon of the Stafford limestone is lighter colored and
more fossiliferous than the succeeding beds, which are mostly dark
and bituminous. In the upper part there are thin lentils of lime-

16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

stones composed usually of shells of the brachiopod, Liorhyn-
Canobeys Maia tie) ie

The densely black color and highly bituminous character of the
Marcellus and Cardiff shales in central and western New York led
to their frequent exploitation in pioneer days, in the mistaken
belief that they were the surface outcrops of beds of coal. In recent
years, as one result of their penetration in hundreds of deep borings
they are known to searchers for natural gas as the “ gas-bearing
rocks.”

Fossils are abundant in the lower Cardiff shales which contain
many species found in the Stafford lmestone that separates the
Cardiff from the Marcellus shale in Ontario county and westward
to Lake Erie. The more common of these are:

Phacops rana Green P. itys Hall

Cryphaeus boothi Green P. capillaria Conrad
Homalonotus dekayi Green P. sulcomarginata Conrad
Orthoceras subulatum Hail Camarotoechia sappho Hall
Styliolina fissurella Hall Spirifer audaculus Conrad
Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall S. fimbriatus Conrad

The upper shales are much less fossiliferous than the lower but

‘the following forms are fairly common:

Strophalosia truncata Hall Liorhynchus limitare Vanuxem
Productella spinulicosta Hall Orbiculoidea minuta Hall
Chonetes mucronatus Hall Pterochaenia fragilis Hall
C. scitulus Hall Tornoceras discoideum ‘Conrad

The Cardi shales are exposed along the Lehigh Valley Railroad
on the east side of Seneca lake near the foot, along Kendig creek at
and above the forks and along the stream on the east side of the
Romulus road 2 miles south of Waterloo. Other small outcrops
occur in the southeastern part of the town of Fayette.

Skaneateles shale

This name was first applied to the beds that succeed the Cardiff
shale at the foot of Skaneateles lake by Vanuxem in the Report of
the Third District for 1839, page 380. In the final report, 1843, it is
included in the “ Hamilton group” which he says “includes all of
the masses between the upper shales of Marcellus and the Tully
limestone.”

Hall, in the Report on the Fourth District, page 177, says “ there

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 17
is little advantage in’ separating the upper division of this ( Mar-
cellus) shale from the Hamilton group. The line of separation is
nowhere well marked, the change in lithological character being
gradual, while some of the fossils continue from one to the other.”

On page 187 of that report, in describing the Hamilton group
he says: “Along the banks of these lakes (Seneca and Cayuga) I
have been able to trace the following subdivisions which hold good
over considerable areas but which can not be relied on in every
instance.

1 Dark, slaty fossiliferous shale, which rests directly upon the
Marcellus. . . not very abundant in fossils.

2 Compact calcareous blue shale often passing into an impure
limestone, thin and worthy of notice only from being somewhat
persistent and marking the point of separation between two or more
important shaly masses.

3 An olive, or often bluish fissile shale, resting upon the last
named mass.

4 Ludlowville shale.

5 Encrinal limestone.

6 Moscow shale.”

The first three of these subdivisions differ so slightly in both
lithologic and faunal characteristics that they have been pretty much
lost sight of as such, the loose term “ lower Hamilton” having been
commonly used for all the beds between the Cardiff and Ludlowville
shales.

The Skaneateles shale, as the term is used in this bulletin, com-
prises I, 2 and 3 of the above specified subdivisions. Its estimated
thickness here is 200 feet, but owing to the general flatness of the
region over which it is the surface rock there are no favorable
exposures. The upper layers outcrop along a small stream 1 mile
south of Fayette and the basal layers 34 mile north of that village.
The contact with the succeeding Ludlowville shale may be seen in the
cliffs at the falls in the lower part of Big Hollow creek 3 miles
north of Hayt Corners; in the ravine 172 miles farther north at top
of falls; along Reeder creek, a mile south of Varick station; and
on the shore of Seneca lake north of Dey landing. The upper
beds are also well displayed on the west side of Seneca lake in the
ravine of Wilson’s creek at and below the falls.

Fossils are less common in the Skaneateles shale than in the
higher subdivisions of the Hamilton group, but the collector may
expect to find good specimens of the following forms:

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Phacops rana Green Chonetes setiger Hall

Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad)
Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall Ambocoelia umbonata Conrad
Lunulicardium curtum Hall Liorhynchus limitare (Vanuxem)
Nuculites oblongatus Conrad L. multicosta Hall

Ludlowville shale

The transition from the Skaneateles to the Ludlowville shale is
gradual through a few feet in which the rock becomes lighter col-
ored, slightly arenaceous and more fossiliferous. These passage
beds are succeeded by a hard calcareous stratum containing corals,
large brachiopods and many other forms. This stratum is con-~
tinuous for many miles in central New York producing falls or
cascades in numerous ravines. It partakes of the general character
of the entire group in becoming more arenaceous toward the east
and calcareous toward the west.

It was described by Clarke in the Report of the New York State
Geologist for 1884, pages 12 and 13, as it appears at Centerfield in
Ontario county, under the name Basal limestones.

Lincoln refers to it under the same name in “Geology of Seneca
County’ [Report of the New York State Geologist, 1894, p.
93]. It is the “ Centerfield limestone” at the base of the Can-
andaigua (Ludlowville) shales described in New York State Mu-
seum bulletin 63, 1904. It is well exposed on these quadrangles
at the top of the falls in Big Hollow creek, at the top of the falls
in the ravine 3 miles east of Romulus, along a small stream 1% miles
south of Fayette, in Kendig creek at MacDougall, along Reeder
creek and at Dey landing, also on the west side of the lake at the
top of the falls of Wilson’s creek, near the west line of the quad-
rangle.

The succeeding middle beds are generally soft, gray sandy shale
with concretions, calcareous lentils and thin sandy flags, in all of
which fossils are common but rather less abundant than in the lower
and upper parts of the formation. The upper part is mostly soft
gray argillaceous shale, though bands of coarser sediment occur
near the top in which fossils are very abundant and the rock quite
calcareous.

The entire formation shows the increase of arenaceous matter
toward the east, bands of sandstone in the horizon of the Ludlow-
ville shales producing escarpments on the sides of Onondaga valley,
and at Hamilton in Madison county, affording a fair quality of
building stone.

ee ee ee ee ee ee -

ee ee

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 19

The upper limit of this formation is distinctly marked by the
Tichenor limestone that from Onondaga county to Lake Erie is
the succeeding formation and produces a large number of cascades
or falls below the top of which the Ludlowville shales are exposed.

The best exposures of these beds on these quadrangles may be
found below the falls in Bloomer and Fall creeks, 2 miles east of
Hayt Corners; along Kendaia creek, on the shores of Seneca
lake between Dey landing and the mouth of Indian creek and on
Indian creek at the forks. It is finely displayed in the cliffs along
the lake shore from a mile north of Dresden for 4 miles; also in
the lower part of the Kashong creek ravine to the top of the middle
falls. In New York State Museum bulletin 63, accompanying the
stratigraphic and paleontologic map of the Canandaigua-Naples
quadrangles the following species are listed as having been found
in the basal limestones and succeeding Canandaigua (Ludlowville)
shales and which are the essential components of the Hamilton
fauna in this region:

Worms Cephalopods
Arabellites Orthoceras exile Hall
Oenonites ©. nuntium Hall
Eunicites O. crotalum Hall
Spirorbis angulatus Hall Nautilus liratus Hall

Cornulites tribulis Hall

C. mitella Hall

Crustaceans

Phacops rana Green

Dalmanites boothi (Green)

D. boothi var. calliteles (Green)
Proetus rowi (Green)

P. macrocephalus Hall
Cyphaspis ornata Hall

C. ornata var. baccata Hall & Clarke
C. craspedota Hall & Clarke
Turrilepas devonica Clarke

T. squama Hall & Clarke

T. nitidula Hall & Clarke

T. foliata Hall & Clarke

T. tenera Hall & Clarke —
Schizodiscus capsa Clarke
Ostrocodes

Estheria pulex Clarke
Pteropods

_Styliolina fissurella (Hall)

Hyolithus aclis Hall

Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad)
Bactrites tenuicinctus (Hali)
Gastropods

Bellerophon leda Hall

B. lyra Hall

B. acutilira Hall

Platyceras symmetricum Hall
. erectum Hall

. conicum Hall

. attenuatum Hall

. thetis Hall

. bucculentum Hall

. carinatum Hall

. echinatum Hall

. subspinosum Hall
Pleurotomaria capillaria Conrad
P. itys Conrad

P. trilix Hall

P. disjuncta Hall

P. lucina Hall

Loxonema delphicola Hall

L. hamiltoniae Hal!

a3] los} tne} las}lqe} Ane] tao} Ino}

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad)
Cyclonema hamiltoniae Hall
C. multilira Hall
Straparollus rudis Hall
Murchisonia micula Hall
Macrochilus hebe Hall
Lamellibranchs

Mytilarca oviformis (Conrad)
Macrodon hamiltoniae Hall
Microdon bellistriatus Conrad
Buchiola halli Clarke
Cypricardinia indenta (Conrad)
Modiella pygmaea Hall
Conocardium crassifrons Conrad
Grammysia arcuata (Conrad)
Goniophora acuta (Hall)
Modiomorpha mytiloides Hall
M. concentrica (Conrad)
M. macilenta Hall
Nuculites oblongatus Conrad
Actinopteria decussata Hall
Aviculopecten princeps (Conrad)
Palaeoneilo constricta (Conrad)
P. emarginata (Conrad)
P. fecunda Hall
P. plana Hall
P. tenuistriata Hall
Brachiopods
Lingula leana Hall
L. densa Hall
Crania crenistria Hall
Craniella hamiltoniae Hall
Rkhipidomella penelope Hall
R. vanuxemi Hall
Orthothetes arctostriatus Hall
O. pandora (Billings)
Stropheodonta concava Hall
S. demissa (Conrad)
S. (Douvillina) inequistriata

(Conrad)

S. junia Hall
Pholidostrophia nacrea Hall
Leptostrophia perplana (Conrad)

Chonetes carinatus Conrad

C. lepidus Hall

C. deflectus Hall

C. scitulus Hall

Productella navicella Hall

P. spinulicosta Hall

P. tullia Hall

Spirifer angustus Hall

S. divaricatus Hall

S. fimbriatus (Conrad)
S.audaculus (Conrad)

S. mucronatus (Conrad)

S. consobrinus d’Orbigny
S.marcyi Hall

S. granulosus (Conrad)
Ambocoelia umbonata Conrad
A. praeumbona Hall

Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall
Nucleospira concinna Hall
Parazyga hirsuta Hall
Cyclorhina nobilis Hall
Trigeria lepida Hall
Meristella haskinsi Hal!
Atkyris spiriferoides (Eaton)
Atrypa reticularis (Linné)
Camarotoechia dotis Hall

C. horsfordi Hall

C. prolifica Hall

C. sappho Hall

C. congregata (Conrad)
Liorhynchus multicosta Hall
L. quadricostatum (Vanuxen)
Pentamerella pavilionensis Hall
Cryptonella rectirostris F/all
C. planirostris Hall

Eunella lincklaeni Hall
Tropidoleptus carinatus (Conrad)
Crinoids

Platycrinus eboraceus Hall
Megistocrinus ontario Hall
Nucleocrinus lucina Hall
Dolatocrinus glyptus Hall

D. liratus Hall

The following corals were found in the basal limestones:

Zaphrentis halli Edwards & Haime
Z. simplex Hall

Cystiphyllum varians Hall

C. conifolle Hall

C. americanum Edwards & Haime
Cyathophyllum robustum Hall

C. nanum Hell

(©. conatum Hall

t
a

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 21

Amplexus hamiltoniae Hal! Favosites placenta Rominger
Heliophyllum halli Edwards ¢> I. arbusculus Hall

Haime F. argus Hall
H. irregulare Hail Alveolites goldfussi Billings
H. reflexum Hall Pleurodictyum stylopora Eaton
H. obconicum Hall Striatopora limbata Eaton

H.confluens Hall

Tichenor limestone

The thin, but widely extended stratum of limestone that separates
the Ludlowville from the Moscow shale was first described in the
Third Annual report of the Fourth Geological District for 1838;
page 298, by Professor Hall as it appears in Seneca county. In
that report it is considered as “the terminating rock of the shale
last described ” (Ludlowville) under the designation Encrinal lime-
stone from the abundance of fragments of crinoidal columns it
contains.

In the final report on the fourth district, page 187, it is described
as one of the divisions of the Hainilton group. The term “ Tiche-
nor’”’ was substituted for “ Encrinal” in the title of this formation
in Classification of New York Scries of Geological Formations by
Clarke and Schuchert, 1goo, from its well known favorable exposure
at Tichenor point, Canandaigua lake.

This formation is a thin stratum of calcareous sediment that
varies in character from a light colored compact blue limestone a
few inches thick to a mass of hard calcareous shale with a thin
uneven limestone at the base and other thin lentils of similar charac-
ter interstratified in the succeeding 4 to 6 feet of shale.

The compact layer has a subcrystalline appearance when broken,
due to the fragmentary crinoidal columns, and the surface is at
some localities marked by an abundance of Spirifer granu-
losus, conspicuous for its great size. Otherwise this stratum is
not usually very fossiliferous, but the overlying shales are rich in
fine specimens of forms common in the shale above and _ below.
Among the fossils found in the Tichenor limestone are:

Phaceps rana Green Lyriopecten orbiculatus Hall
Orthoceras coelamen Hall Spirifer granulosus (Conrad)
O. exile Hall S. mucronatus (Conrad)

The more favorable exposures of the Tichenor limestone on these
quadrangles may be found at the top of the lower falls in the
ravines of Bloomer falls and other creeks 2 miles east of Hayt

22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Corners; at the forks of Indian creek a mile north of Willard and
on the west side of Seneca lake in a small ravine 1% miles north of
Dresden 6 rods above the New York Central Railroad and at the
crest of the middle falls in the ravine of Kashong creek.

Moscow shale

This term was applied by Hall in the Third Annual Report of
the Fourth District, page 298, to the shales that succeed the Tichenor
limestone and are terminated above by the Tully limestone. Fol-
lowing a description of this, the upper division of the Hamilton
group, as it appears in Seneca county along the shores of Seneca
and Cayuga lakes, he says: “ This shale is so well developed, and
contains the fossils, particularly the trilobites, in such great per-
fection, at Moscow, Livingston co., that I have given it that
name. 3

As developed on these quadrangles the formation may be de-
scribed as a soft mass of gray calcareous shale, very fossiliferous
and light colored in the lower beds, the upper being darker, more
argillaceous and containing fewer and smaller fossils. As a whole
the formation generally assumes the character of the lower beds in
a westerly direction and of the upper beds toward the east. At
Moscow the dark upper beds are but 11 feet thick while on these
quadrangles they constitute about one third the thickness of the
formation and in Onondaga and Madison counties, they occupy all
of the space but a few feet at the bottom, between the horizon of
Tichenor and the Tully limestone.

Concretionary calcareous layers, some of which are continuous
for a considerable distance, while others extend but a few feet, com-
posed of an agglomeration of fossils are of frequent occurrence in
the lower beds and to a much less degree in the upper, and irregu-
larly formed concretions, also containing many fossils, are common
throughout the entire formation.

The list of fossils that compose the fauna of the Moscow shales
in the Canandaigua lake section published in Museum bulletin 63,
contains 6 worms, 18 crustaceans, 7 cephalopods, 3 pteropods, 21
gastropods, 34 lamellibranchs, 52 brachiopods, 18 bryozoans, 5 corals
and 26 crinoids, a total of 190 species.

Exposures in which the entire section of the Moscow shales are
accessible may be found in several ravines I to 2 miles east of
Hayt Corners. The lower part is displayed along Indian creek

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 23
and its eastern branches and the upper part in Simpson creek in
the State Hospital grounds at Willard below the Tully limestone at
the quarry, and in the cliffs at Perry point and the adjacent ravine.
They appear in the banks of the Keuka outlet and the floor and
sides of Bruce’s gully afford an ideal display of the upper shales
conveniently situated for the collection of fossils, and the entire
section may be seen in the Kashong creek ravine between the top of
the middle fall and the Tully limestone at the crest of the upper
fall.
Tully limestone

The Tully limestone, so named by Vanuxem in the Third Annual
Report of the Third Geological District for 1838, from large ex-
posures and superior development in the town of Tully, Onondaga
co., is specially interesting not only on account of its own
composition and structure, but also from the fact that it is inter-
stratified 250 feet below the top of a series of soft shales that
succeed the Onondaga limestone for a thickness of a thousand
feet and in which the Tichenor is the only other continuous lime-
stone. The rock is fine grained blue black rather impure limestone
that weathers light bluish gray. It is very compact and hard when
fresh, but brittle, breaking easily under the hammer and, after long
exposure, inclined to crumble into small angular fragments. This
tendency impairs the value of this limestone for building purposes,
and its impurity for the production of quicklime for which pur-
poses it was formerly quarried to a considerable extent. Its chief
economic value at present lies in its adaptability as road metal and
in the manufacture of Portland cement.

It is 9 to 15 feet thick on these quadrangles and usually separated
into 4 or 5 distinct layers, the lower one 5 to 7 feet thick, the others
varying from 1 to 3 feet. Frequent joints divide the strata into
massive blocks and these are strewn along the ravines and the lake
shore at the foot of the cliffs in which the limestone occurs. The
change from the soft dark Moscow shale to the Tully limestone is
abrupt, but at the top the overlying Genesee shale is quite calcareous
for 3 to 5 feet.

The Tully limestone is an important, easily recognized and reliable
stratigraphic datum plane from Chenango county on the east where
it is 30 feet thick to Gorham, Ontario co., on the west, where
it disappears by thinning out. It is 9 feet thick at the head of the
Kashong creek ravine; 12 feet, 6 inches to 13 feet, 6 inches along
the Keuka outlet; 14 feet, 6 inches at Miller point; 14 feet at Lodi

24, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘glen; 13 feet in the quarry at Willard; 11 feet with possibly one or
two layers at the top wanting in the old Johnson quarry 1% miles
north of Ovid; and 14 to 15 feet in the ravines east of Hayt
Corners.

The lighter color and rugged character of the Tully as compared
with the soft dark shales above it, make it a prominent feature in
the stratigraphy of the cliffs on the lake shore and in the adjacent
ravines. Its line of outcrops on these quadrangles is more than 30
miles long and the frequency and extent of the exposures make it
possible to ascertain its position in reference to the lake level with
a good degree of accuracy. At the head of the Kashong creek
ravine the top of the limestone is 713 feet A. T., with a northward
dip that is reversed a little farther south, as it is 560 feet A. T. in
a small quarry 114 miles north of Dresden, and has the same ele-
vation at the Cascade mills in the Keuka outlet gorge. At the
mouth of Bruce gully it is 550 feet A. T. rising southward to 600
feet A. T. at the top of the falls in that ravine, and westward to the
same elevation at Seneca mills a mile west of Cascade mills. In
the Perry point ravine it is 565 feet A. T. Thence southward for
4 miles it is covered by drift to a ravine half a mile north of Plum
point where it is 478 feet A. T.

It sinks below lake level 444 feet A. T. on the north side of Plum
point, rises 5 feet above in a small arch half a mile farther south,
is covered by water for 60 rods, then rises to the hight of 45 feet
above the lake in an anticlinal that holds it above the water across
Severne point and to the north side of Miller point where with a
2 degree southward dip it finally disappears below the lake level.

Its emergence on the east side is covered by drift, its southern
exposure being 50 rods from the lake and 50 feet above it in a
small ravine 1 mile south of Lodi Landing. A strong southward dip
carries it below the lake level between this ravine and a small gully
4 mile farther south at the mouth of which the black Genesee shale
is exposed. It appears at the mouth of Lodi glen 30 feet above the
lake rising continually up the ravine for 75 rods showing a north-
westward dip of about 100 feet per mile.

It is prominently displayed in the cliffs and ravines north of Lodi
Landing as a slightly undulatory light gray band 40 to 60 feet above
the lake level for 3 miles, then sinks to partial submergence 34 of a
mile south of the dock at Willard. It is 150 feet higher in the
quarry on Simpson’s creek % mile northeast. Its next outcrop is
in the old Johnson quarry 1% miles north of Ovid at the summit

ida...
_

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 25

of the ridge that separates the Seneca from the Cayuga lake val-

ley, 840 feet A. T., 395 feet higher than in the depression where it
last appears on the lake shore 3% miles west and but 2 miles
farther south.

From this point it descends to 800 feet A. T. in an outcrop near
the railroad station at Hayt Corners; 715 feet A. T. in Fall creek;
680 feet A. T. in the next ravine south, and 640 feet A. T. under
the bridge over the third ravine, or 160 feet in 13g miles east and
34 mile south.

At the top of the falls in the Barnum creek ravine it is 680 feet
A. T. dipping as everywhere in this immediate vicinity at the rate
of 100 to 150 feet per mile toward the southeast. It disappears
under Cayuga lake 381 feet A. T. 7 of a mile southeast of Little
point and ro miles southeast of its last outcrop on these quadrangles.

Fossils are not generally common in the Tully limestone, but
usually may be found in one or more of the layers in considerable
numbers at each outcrop.

These are in matter of number species of the fauna below but
the presence of the brachiopod Hypothyris cuboides
Sowerby (Rhynchonella venustula Hall) gives it
definite stamp as a formation which must be regarded the earliest
member of the Upper Devonic.

Genesee shale

In the annual and final reports of the fourth geological district,
Professor Hall considered the heavy bed of black and dark shales
that succeeds the Tully limestone as constituting one formation
known at first as the “ Upper black shale”’ to distinguish it from
the Lower or Marcellus shale, but later designated “ Genesee shale ”’
from its exposure in the Genesee valley. He recognized, however,
a marked difference between the upper and lower beds in both
lithologic character and the fossils they contain, referring to them
frequently as “Upper Genesee” and “ Lower Genesee.”

On page 422 of the report for 1839 he says: “ In this neighbor-
hood, (the Genesee valley in the vicinity of Geneseo) the black
shale is succeeded by a thin stratum of limestone.” Subsequent .in-
vestigations under his direction have shown this to be the Genun-
dewa (Styliola) limestone, which is continuous from Ontario county
to Lake Erie, interstratified not far from the middle of the beds
and that it is the only continuous layer of limestone in that region
above the Tichenor limestone,

26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

For these and other reasons more fully set forth in Museum
bulletin 63, the use of the term Genesee shale is restricted to beds
between the Tully and the Genundewa limestones in Ontario county
and westward and, on these quadrangles where the latter does not
appear, to a band of calcareous shales and row of fossiliferous con-
cretions in its horizon.

The Genesee shale is a homogeneous mass of densely black thinly
laminated bituminous shale that after exposure becomes fissile and
splits into flat plates. The beds are usually traversed by approxi-
mately parallel series of joints that intersect each other at different
angles producing on the surface of horizontal exposures triangles,
diamonds, rhomboids and other kindred forms, and in cliffs striking
effects like bastions and buttresses. In old exposures the outward
angles have been worn away and there are left rounded masses of
black shale partly covered in sheltered places by a thin white
efflorescence of alum produced by the decomposition of the con-
tained iron pyrites. The formation is go feet thick on the Keuka
outlet and 75 feet at the east line of the quadrangle.

It is usually exposed more or less favorably wherever the Tully
limestone crops out but the following are some of the more accessi-
ble localities where it may be seen: in the cliffs and ravine on the
south side of the Keuka outlet at Cascade mills; in the lower
part of the ravine of Plum creek; along the lake shore and in
ravines between Miller point and Starkey point; on the east shore
between Faucetts point and Lamoreaux Landing; in all of the
ravines in the vicinity of Lodi Landing; in the railroad cut at
Willard; in the highway north of Ovid, and in all of the ravines
southeast of Hayt Corners.

Fossils are exceedingly rare in the Genesee shale, the densely
black portion being practically barren though an occasional lignite
and a few conodont teeth are found in them.

The less bituminous shales contain:

Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall Liorhynchus quadricostatum
Styliolina fissurella Hall (Vanuxem)

Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) Probeloceras lutheri Clarke
Lingula spatulata Vanuxem Bactrites aciculum (Hall)

Orbiculoidea lodensis (Vanuxem)

Genundewa limestone horizon
In Ontario county and westward to Lake Erie the Genesee shale is
succeeded by a band of thin nodular limestones composed princi-
pally of myriads of the minute shells of Styliolina fissu-

i
'
¢

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 27

rella and containing many other species not found below that
horizon. This calcareous band formerly known as the Styliola lime-
stone was designated Genundewa limestone in New York State
Museum bulletin 63, from its favorable exposure at Genundewa
point on Canandaigua lake. : The layers of limestone do not appear
on these quadrangles, their most eastern exposure being in a small
ravine 2% miles south of the village of Gorham, Ontario co.
but in their place a distinctly marked band of soft gray calcareous
and fossiliferous shale is found that has at its base a row of large
flattish concretions which in the cliffs south of Big Stream point on
Seneca lake and a few other localities form a continuous layer of
rather soft concretionary limestone.

The formation emerges from the lake at Starkey point on the
west side and Faucetts point on the east and is displayed in the cliffs
toward the north with fallen concretions and blocks of the gray
shale strewn along the beach beneath. It may be seen in the walls
of Lodi glen and other ravines, and is accessible in the Lehigh
Valley Railroad cut at Willard. It is covered by drift in the eastern
part of the quadrangle.

An anticlinal fold brings the concretionary limestone above the
water south of Big Stream point (Glenora) 214 miles south of
these quadrangles. This is the locality referred to by Professor
Hall on page 214 of the Report of the Fourth Geological District
under an erroneous impression that it was Tully limestone.

This formation was described by Dr D. F. Lincoln on pages 99
and 100 of the Fourteenth Annual Report of the New York State
Geologist and correlated as the base of the Portage group. The
fossils collected by him from this gray band on Seneca lake were
identified by Dr Clarke as follows:

Manticoceras patersoni (Hall) Ambocoelia umbonata Hall
Bactrites sp. Sp. cf. subumbona

Gomphoceras cf. manes Hall Chonetes scitulus Hall
Paleotrochus praecursor Clarke Liorhynchus mesacostalis Hall
Pletrotomaria capillaria Conrad L. giobuliformis (Vanuxem)
Loxonema noe Clarke Orthothetes sp.

Loxonema var. Orbiculoidea lodensis (Vanuxem)
Styliolina fissurella Hall Orbiculoidea, small form
Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Lingula spatulata Vanuxem
Palaeoneilo muta Hall Cladochonus, abundant in the con-
Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) cretions

Atrypa reticularis Linné

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

West River shale

Succeeding the Genundewa limestone horizon there is a heavy
bed of dark and black shales referred to in the early reports as the
upper beds of the Genesee shale. In Ontario county and westward
there is a distinctive difference between the lower dark gray fos-
siliferous and slightly calcareous shales and the densely black and
bituminous shales of the upper part from which they are separated
by a few feet of hard blue shales and thin flags. They become more
homogeneous toward the east and although the difference is dis-
cernible to the careful observer, on the west side of Seneca lake it is
not very clearly defined and in the Cayuga lake valley is not recog-
nizable.

For this reason the dark shales that in this quadrangle lie between
the Genundewa limestone horizon and the base of the Cashaqua are
included in one division as West River shale so named from their
abundant exposure in the West River valley in Yates county. The
formation is well displayed in the ravine of Plum creek; along the
lake shore at Starkey point and the cliffs at the south, near Fau-
cetts point on the east side. of the lake and in nearly all of the
ravines toward the north to Willard.

Fossils are exceedingly rare in the upper and more bituminous
beds and not at all common in the lower, from which the following
species have been obtained:

Bactrites aciculum Hall Lunulicardium curtum Hall
Gephyroceras sp. Lingula spatulata Vanuxem
Pleurotomaria rugulata Hall - Orbiculoidea lodensis (Vanuvem)
Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch) Liorhynchus quadricostatum (l’”an-
Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall) uxem)

Panenka sp. Melocrinus clarkei Williams

Cashaqua shale

This formation, which receives its name from its exposure along
Cashaqua creek in Livingston county, is there a bed something
more than 100 feet thick of light, soft, rather calcareous shale, suc-
ceeding black shales and distinctly limited at the top by shales of a
like bituminous character. In the Naples valley it is also distinctly
differentiated from the shale below and above it, but is decidedly
more arenaceous, containing at two horizons bands of sandstones
and frequent flags. There is also interstratified in the upper part
a thin stratum of limestone of a peculiar character and known as
the Parrish limestone that may be easily traced with the black

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 29

Rhinestreet shale, that everywhere in the western part of the State
caps the Cashaqua shale, into the Keuka lake valley in the southern
part of which the limestone reaches its greatest development so far
as it is exposed, but the black band of Rhinestreet shale is reduced
in thickness to about 10 feet and the light shales intervening be-
tween it and the limestone are also very much diminished.

The Parrish limestone is recognizable in Big Stream ravine with
the Rhinestreet shale 10 inches thick overlying it, the intervening
shales having thinned entirely out.

The only exposure of their horizon on this quadrangle on the
west side of the lake is on Plum creek half a mile above Himrods.
Neither limestone nor black shale appears here but a band of cal-
careous olive shale containing many fossils indicates their place in
the strata. .

The proportion of sandy sediment in the Cashaqua beds is much
greater in the upper part and increases toward the east and south
to such an extent that only the lower beds conform strictly to the
description of the Cashaqua shale as it appears in Cashaqua creek
while the upper contains many flags and thick layers of hard blue
gray sandstone some of which split into even flags while others
are compact.

Exposures at Starkey and North Hector show that with the
incoming of the sandy sediments a gradual change in the fauna
appeared, brachiopods which are not found in these beds in the
Naples valley or farther west occurring in thin calcareous layers,
and masses of the coral Cladochonus about 100 feet above the base
of the formation.

From this horizon upward through several hundred feet of shales
and sandstones there are irregular alternations and combinations
of the Naples and Ithaca faunas and toward the east a gradual
segregation of the latter in the formation succeeding the Cashaqua.
This formation is well exposed along Plum creek below and above
Himrods, in the ravine and along the dugway roads east of Starkey,
along the lake shore north of Glenora, and on the east side from
the south line of the quadrangle to the north side of North Hector
point, and in the ravines of Curry, Breakneck, Lodi, Tommy and
Sixteen Falls creeks. The sandstones are exposed in old quarries
in the western part of the village of Ovid and in the vicinity of
Scott Corners. The Cashaqua shale is not a very fossiliferous
formation but thin seams in which fossils are fairly common occur
at all horizons.

30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Bactrites aciculum (Hall), Probelocera selma
Clarke, Pterochaenia fragilis (ball) and (iSitehweim
retrostriata (von Buch) occur in the lower beds and in the
shaly layers throughout the formation. A thin calcareous seam in
a sandstone 125 feet above the base of the formation exposed by th
side of the dugway road % mile east of Starkey station contains:

Leptrostrophia mucronata (Con- Sp. laevis Hall
rad ) Cladochonus
Spirifer mucronatus Conrad var. Crinoid stems

posterus Hall & Clarke

The higher sandstones on Breackneck creek at North Hector an
on Lodi creek contain in addition:

Ambocoelia umbonata Hall Chonetes lepidus Hall
Cyrtina sp. Honeoyea major Clarke
Productella spinulicosta Hall

and Liorhynchus quadricostatum Hall occurs in the
sandstones at Ovid and several other species of brachiopods in the
quarries in this horizon near the east line of the quadrangle.

Rhinestreet shale

In the region about the south end of Seneca lake and westward
to Lake Erie this shale succeeds the Cashaqua shale with a thick-
ness of 165 feet. It is represented on this quadrangle by 2 feet of
black shale, in the ravine of Plum creek half a mile west of Him-
rods. It appears at the Big-Stream ravine at Glenora, but is not
recognized on the east side of the lake on these quadrangles. It is
a well defined feature in the stratigraphy of western New York and
is more fully described in Museum bulletins 63, 81 and ro1.

Hatch shale and flags

This formation is the stratigraphic equivalent of the lower
Gardeau beds in the Genesee river section and consists of a series
of shales and sandstones aggregating about 350 feet in thickness.

The shales range from black to light blue and from hard sandy
or slaty to soft and blocky, and there are frequent layers of hard
blue sandstone from 2 inches to 2 feet in thickness occurring at
irregular intervals, some of which are continuous for long distances
without change of character or thickness, while others thin out or
become shaly and disappear in a few rods. The lower beds of this
formation are much softer than the upper Cashaqua beds and in

:
a

MASP Saw

V Ried ioe

Berne

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 31

some parts bear a close resemblance to the olive and blue shales
of the lower beds of that formation.

The increase in the proportion of sand in the sedimentation
toward the east so noticeable in the upper beds of the Cashaqua is
also apparent in this formation though to a less degree.

The gradual change in the character of the fauna in that di-
rection is, however, still more marked.

In the Genesee river section no fossils but those of the normal
Portage or Naples fauna are found in these beds. At Naples near
the top a thin seam shows remains of brachiopods broken and
crushed beyond recognition but they do not occur below that hor-
izon, while in this region vertical sections show frequent alterations
of the normal Naples fauna and the brachiopodous Ithaca fauna of
central New York; indication of oscillation between them in which
the latter acquires predominance in the Cayuga lake valley but not
to the exclusion of the former.

Although this formation covers a large area on this quadrangle

there are few satisfactory exposures and none that are favorable

for an exhaustive collection of its fossils.
The following species have been obtained from the Hatch shale
and flags in the Seneca lake valley, mainly from the region south

of this quadrangle:

Manticoceras patersoni (Hall)
Probeloceras lutheri Clarke
Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad)
Orthoceras bebryx Hall
Bactrites
Styliolina fissurella Hall
Bellerophon koeneni Clarke
Loxonema noe Clarke

- Spirifer laevis Hall
Sp. mucronatus var. posterus Hall

& Clarke

Sp. subumbona Hall
Productella speciosa Hall
Schizophoria impressa (Hall)
Atrypa reticularis Linné

Centronella julia A. Winchell

Chonetes scitulus Hall

C. lepidus Hall

Productella spinulicosta Hall

Strophalosia truncata Hall

Leptostrophia mucronata
uxem)

Buchiola retrostriata (v. Buch)

Lingula spatulata Vanuxem

Pterochaenia fragilis (Hall)

Paracardium doris Hall

Lunulicardium ornatum Hall

Honeoyea erinacea Clarke

Paleoneilo sp.

Cladochonus

(Van-

Grimes sandstone
This is a well defined arenaceous band easily recognized in the

region west of these quadrangles as far as the Genesee river. It is

made distinctive in the Naples and Dansville valleys by containing

the lowest brachiopod faunule in the Portage section of that region.

32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Data for its location on this map are derived principally from
field work on the quadrangles at the south and west of this one,
the few exposures here not being sufficient for its positive identifi-
cation.

Its position is approximately indicated on the map and its
assigned thickness is 75 feet.

West Hill (Gardeau) flags and shale

Except that the proportion of sandstones in the shales is some-
what greater and more uniformly distributed there is very little
difference between the stratification of this formation and the West
Hill beds below. They are, however, less fossiliferous. A few
representatives of the Ithaca fauna are found in all parts as are
also a small number of species common in the Naples fauna.

Soft gray shales resembling the Cashaqua shale, exposed on
Butcher hill, in the upper part of this formation, contain obscure
goniatites, orthoceratites and Cladochonus, but no brachiopods.

High Point sandstone

This formation is important stratigraphically and economically in
the Genesee river section. There it contains only fossils of the
Portage fauna but is stratigraphically continuous with the High
Point sandstones of the Naples section where it contains mainly
brachiopods common in the Chemung fauna. It becomes shaly in
some parts toward the east but can be traced at least as far as
the region south of these quadrangles. There are here but small
isolated exposures of its horizon in small ravines on the higher
slopes of Butcher hill.

Prattsburg sandstone-Wiscoy shale

Chemung sandstone |
The position of these formations at the crest of the high ridge
between the Seneca lake and Cayuga lake valleys where there are
no favorable exposures is indicated from data obtained on the
Watkins quadrangle. For description of these higher beds and
lists of fossils contained in then; see Museum bulletins 63, 81 and

IOl.

DIP

The average dip of the rock strata on these quadrangles is ap-
proximately 24 feet per mile toward the south and toward the

west, the latter dip being caused mainly by the decrease in that

aoe

GEOLOGY OF THE GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 33

direction of the thickness of nearly all of the formations repre-
sented on the map. The amount of dip between different points is
greatly affected, however, by the presence of a series of undula-
tions or low anticlinal folds that render it exceedingly variable and
in many cases reverse it.

The color line on the map that indicates the position of the
Tully limestone shows the irregularity of the dip in the direction
of the shores of the lake and the larger undulation of the strata, to
which attention has been directed in the description of that forma-
tion.

Variations in the western dip are less noticeable to the casual
observer on account of their less favorable exposure in rugged and
sinuous ravines away from the level lake which on the shore makes
the smallest variation from the normal southern dip easily dis-
cernible.

Most of the larger ravines on both sides of the valley show a
dip toward the lake, indicating that the location of the depression
now partly occupied by the waters of Seneca lake was primarily
determined by a synclinal fold of the rock strata extending in the
same general direction as the present valley that was very greatly
enlarged and deepened by subsequent erosion.

At the following localities on the west side of the lake an east-
ward dip is seen, at the falls of Wilson creek near the west line of
the quadrangle and 3% miles south of Geneva it is 100 to 150 feet
per mile; on Kashong creek the Tully limestone at the top of the
falls dips toward the northeast at the rate of more than 100 feet
per mile. On the Keuka outlet a sharp fold in the Tully limestone
extending from northeast to southwest, has produced what is almost
equivalent to a fault.

The Tully limestone appears in the top of a conical hill 114 miles
southwest from Dresden at 565 A. T. and again at about the same
level at the mouth of Bruce gully. It is exposed along up the
south side of the gorge to the Cascade mills where it produces a
cascade. The bottom and sides of the gorge are covered for
nearly a mile west to Seneca mills where the Tully reappears at
the top of a second cascade 4o feet higher than at the Cascade
mills. This curious phenomenon of a stream of water flowing
over the same stratum of rock at two different levels is duplicated
in the Great gully ravine 214 miles south of Union Springs, where
a hard band of calcareous shale produces three cascades in a simi-
lar manner. The situation is very similar except that but one fall
occurs in the Bruce gully where the limestone is exposed in the

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

bank 10 rods from the mouth at 550 A. T. It is covered for some
distance up the ravine but occasional outcrops of the Moscow shale —
show that it is nearly level to about 25 rods from the mouth above
which the strata rise rapidly toward the south and west for 35 rods
and then are nearly level for 15 rods to the falls where the lime-
stone crosses the ravine at 595 A. T. or 45 feet higher than at
the mouth.

An exposure of Hamilton shale on the south side of Keuka out-
let half a mile above Dresden shows a strong dip toward the lake.

Exposures in the south side of Perry point show a northeast dip
and the top of the Tully limestone is 120 feet higher in the Perry
point ravine than at a point directly east on the opposite side of
the lake. | |

The apex of a fold crosses diagonally the ravine of Plum creek _

34 mile from the lake. On the east side of the fold the
strata descend toward the east at the rate of 150 feet or more
per mile. On the west side there is a slight western dip for about
half a mile when it is again reversed and is quite strong towara

the lake. At the Severn arch the top of the Tully is 45 feet above |

the lake level but.on the opposite side it is below it, showing an
eastward dip of 20 feet or more per mile.

At the south end of the lake the strata on the east side are
about 25 feet lower than on the west. Exposures are not favorable
to the measurement of dip on the east side in the southern part of
the quadrangle, but in the Lodi glen the Tully limestone shows :a
western dip of 150 feet per mile, and the other ravines in this
vicinity show that this steep dip toward the lake continues for at
least 8 miles and that some of the apparent undulations of the
limestones are caused by sinuosities in the line of outcrop. A
western dip of more than 200 feet per mile is noticeable in the
quarries and roadside CPO in the western part of the village
of Ovid.

On the east side of the ridge the eastward dip toward Cayuga lake

is shown in the ravines east of Hayt Corners and in the Big |

Hollow creek and other ravines farther north. On the opposite —

side of the lake conditions are much like those on Seneca lake, the
western dip being increased to many times the average.

The diagram accompanying the map is designed to show highly |

Gpeegated the variations in the dip along the east and west line of —
42° 40’ across the Ovid and Genoa quadrangles, a distance of 26 |
miles.

aad OF THE GENEVA-OVID QU.\DRANGLES 35

G ial striae may be seen on the exposed surface of the Tully
nestone at many places and also on the higher sandstones. Much
e flagging about the village of North Hector is finely striated
a most remarkable display of groovings and striations may be
on the surface of the flag walk 80 feet long by 6 feet wide in

tae IB JB ovp,<

1opteria decussata, 20. Camillus, &.
jatite limestone I5. Camillus shale, 5, 7-8.
tes goldfussi, 21. Canandaigua lake, 21, 22, 27.

coelia praeumbona, 20. Canandaigua shales, 18, 10.
bonata, 18, 20, 30. : Canoga, 13, 14.

cf. subumbona, 27. Cardiff shale, 6, 14, 15-16, 17.
exus hamiltoniae, 21. Cascade mills, 24, 26, 33.

ellites, I9. Cashaqua creek, 28.

is spiriferoides, 20. Cashaqua shale, 6, 28-30, 32, 35.
reticularis, 20, 27, 3I. Cauda-galli grit, 12.

lopecten princeps, 20. Cayuga county, 10, 14.

ee Cayuga lake, 17, 22, 34.
trites, 31. Cayuga lake valley, 5, 28, 31, 32.
27, Cayugan, 7.
culum, 26, 28, 30. Cement rock, 8.
licinctus, I9. Centerfield, 18.
num Creek ravine, 25. Centerfield limestone, 18.
limestones, 18. Centronella julia, 31.
ophon acutilira, 19. Cephalopods, to.
eni, 31. Ceratiocaris acuminata, 9.

Chautauquan, 6.

i Chemung sandstone, 6, 32.

ie waterlime, 7, 8-0. Chenango county, 23.

Hollow creek, 17, 18, 34. Chert, 13.

‘Stream point, 27. Chonetes carinatus, 20.

Stream ravine, 20, 30. deflectus, 20.

k brook, 7. : lepidus, 15, 20, 30, 31.

k creek, 7. mucronatus, 15, 16.

- shale, 25, 26. scitulus, 16, 20, 27, 31.

er creek, 19. . Setiger, 18.

mer falls, 21. Chonostrophia complanata, 11.
pods, 18, 20, 31. Cladochonus, 27, 30, 31, 32.

ck creek, 29, 30. @latke; J, M: cited, 12,/18, 21,.27:
s gully, 23, 24, 33. Cobleskill limestone, 11.
iola halli, 20. Cobleskill waterlime, 7, 9.
trostriata, 27, 28, 30, 31. Conocardium crassifrons, 20.
Bre a VI; Corals, 18, 20-21.
ill, 32. ‘ Corniferous limerock, 12.
Corniferous limestone, 11-12.
toechia congregata, 20 ’ | Cornitiferous limerock, 11.
oe Cornulites mitella, 19.
fordi, 20. tribulis, 19.
a, 20. Crania crenistria, 20.

16, 20. Craniella hamiltoniae, 20.

38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Crinoids, 20, 30.
Crustaceans, 19.
Cryphaeus boothi, 16.
Cryptonella planirostris, 20.
rectirostris, 20.
Curry creek, 20.
Cyathophyllum conatum, 20.
hydraulicum, 0.
nanum, 20.
robustum, 20.
Cyclonema hamiltoniae, 20.
multilira, 20.
Cyclorhina nobilis, 20.
Cyphaspis craspedota, 19.
ornata, I9.
ornata var. baccata, 19.
Cypricardinia indenta, 20.
Cyrtina sp., 30.
hamiltonensis, 20.
Cystiphyllum americanum, 20.
conifolle, 20.
varians, 20.

Dalmanites boothi, Io.
var. callitetes, 10.

Dansville valley, 31.

Devonic, I0.

Dey landing, 17, 18, 10.

Diaphorostoma lineatum, 20.

Dip, 32-35.

Dolatocrinus glyptus, 20.
liratus, 20.

Douvillina inequistriata, see Stroph-
eodonta (Douvillina) inequis-
Eniataes

Dresden Om 22etessnad.

Eaton, Amos, cited, It.
Encrinal limestone, 21.
Erian, 6.

Estheria pulex, 10.
Eunella lincklaeni, 20.
Eunicites, 10.
Eurypterus, I0.

Fall creek, 19, 25.

Faucetts point, 26, 27, 28.

Favosites arbusculus, 21.
argus, 21.

Favosites niagarensis, 9.
placenta, 21.

Fayette, 16, 17, 18.

IMlkome Ciesels, Wil, Tl,

Frontenac island, o.

Gardeau flags and shale, 30, 32.

Gas-bearing rocks, 16.

Gastropods, 10.

Genesee river section, 25, 30, 31, 32.

Genesee shale, 6, 23, 25-26.

Geneseo, 25.

Geneva, 13, 33:

Genoa quadrangle, 34.

Genundewa limestone, 6, 25, 26-27,
28.

Genundewa point, 27.

Gephyroceras sp., 28.

Glenora, 27, 29, 30.

Gomphoceras cf. manes, 27.

Goniatites, 32.

Goniophora acuta, 20.

Gorham, 23, 27.

Grammysia arcuata, 20.

Great gully ravine, 33.

Grimes sandstone, 6, 31-32.

Gypsum, 7, 8.

Hall; Jamies, cited, 6, 11, 125g
Pit A 2S. Vr
Halysites catenulatus, 9.
Hamilton, 18.
Hamilton group, 16, 17.
Hamilton shale, 34.
Hatch shale and flags, 6, 30-31.
Hayt Corners, 17, 10, 2t22meen
25, 26, 34.
Helderberg group, upper, 12.
Helderbergian series, 10.
Heliophyllum confluens, 21.
halli, 21.
irregulare, 21.
obconicum, 21.
reflexum, 21.
Herkimer county, 8.
High Point sandstone, 6, 32.
Himrods, 209, 30.
Hipparionys proximus, 10.
Homalonotus dekayi, 16.

Honeoyea erinacea, 31.
major, 30.

Hornstone, 13.

Hyolithus aclis, ro.

Hypothyris cuboides, 25.

Ilionia sinuata, 0.
Indian creek, 19, 22.
Ithaca fauna, 29, 31.

Johnson quarry, 24.

Kendaia creek, 109.

Kendig creek, 15, 16, 18.
Keuka lake valley, 29.

Keuka outlet, 23, 24, 26, 33, 34.
Kuneytown, 14.

Lake Erie, 30.
Lamellibranchs, 20.
Lamoreaux landing, 26.
Leperditia alta, 8, 9, 10.
scalaris, 9, Io.
Leptostrophia mucronata, 30, 31.
perplana, 20.
Bancoln, 1D. F., cited, 6, 18, 27:
Lingula densa, 20.
leana, 20.
Spaitilata, 20, 27, 28, 31.
Liorhynchus globuliformis, 27.
limitare, 15, 16, 18.
mesacostalis, 27.
multicosta, 15, 20.

Little point, 25.
Livingston county, 15.
Lodi creek, 24, 26, 29, 30.
Lodi glen, 23-24, 27, 34.
Loxonema var., 27.
delphicola, 19.
hamiltoniae, 19.
noe, 27, 31.
Ludlowville shale, 6, 17, 18-21.
Lunulicardium curtum, 18, 28.
multicosta, 18.
ornatum, 31.
_ Lyriopecten orbiculatus, 21.

Mac Dougal, 18.

Kashong creek, 19, 22, 23, 24, 33.

quadricostatum, 20, 26, 28, 30.

INDEX TO GEOLOGY OF GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES 39

Mc Quan quarry, 9, Io, 13.
Macrochilus hebe, 20.
Macrodon hamiltoniae, 20.
Madison county, 22.
Manlius limestone, 7, 10.
Manticoceras patersoni, 27, 31.
Marcellus, 15.
Marcellus shale, 6, 14-15, 16, 17, 25.
upper, 14, 15.
Megistocrinus ontario, 20.
Melocrinus clarkei, 28.
Meristella haskinsi, 20.
Micredon bellistriatus, 20.
Miller point, 23, 24, 26.
Modiella pygmaea, 20.
Modiomorpha concentrica, 20.
macilenta, 20.
mytiloides, 20.
Moscow, 22.
Moscow shale, 6, 21, 22-23, 34.
Murchisonia micula, 20.
Mytilarca oviformis, 20.

Naples, 31. -

Naples fauna, 29, 31.

Naples valley, 28, 31, 32.
Nautilus liratus, Io.

Nichols Corners, 7.

North Hector, 29, 30, 35.
Nucleospira concinna, 20.
Nucleocrinus lucina, 20.
Nuculites oblongatus, 15, 18, 20.

Oenonites, 109.
Onondaga county, 10, 14, 22.
Onondaga limestone, 6, 10, II-I4, 15,
23; fauna, 14.
Onondaga salt group, 12.
Onondaga valley, 18.
Ontaric, 7.
Ontario county, 15, 16, 26, 28.
Orbiculoidea, 9, 27.
lodensis, 26, 27, 28.
minuta, 16.
Oriskanian, 6.
Oriskany sandstone, 6, 10-11.
Orthoceras. bebryx, 31.
coelamen, 21.
crotalum, 19.

40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Orthoceras exile, 19, 21. Portland cement, 23.
nuntium, 19. Prattsburg sandstone, 32.
subulatum, 15, 16. Prattsburg shale, 6.
Orthoceratites, 32. . | Probeloceras lutheri, 26, 30, 31.
Orthothetes sp., 27. -roductella navicella, 20.
arctostriatus, 20. speciosa, 31.
pandora, 20. spinulicosta, 16, 20, 30, 31.
Ostrocodes, 19. tullia, 20.
Ovid, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34. Froetus macrocephalus, 19.
rowl, Io.
Paleoneilo sp., 31. | Pterochaenia fragilis, 16, 26, 27, 28,
constricta, 20. BO, Bs
emarginata, 20. Pteropods, 10.
fecunda, 20. :
muta, 27. Reeder creek, 17, 18.
plana, 20. Rensselaeria ovoides, 11.
tenuistriata, 20. Rhinestreet shale, 6, 29, 30.
Palaeotrochus praecursor, 27.. Rhipidomella penelope, 20.
Panenka sp., 28. vanuxemi, 20. —
Paracardium doris, 31. Rhynchonella venustula, 25.
Parazyga hirsuta, 20. Road metal, 23.
Parrish limestone, 28, 29. Romulus, 18.
Pentamerella pavilionensis, 20. , Romulus road, 14, 15, 16.
Perry point, 23, 24, 34. Rondout waterlime, 7, 9-10.
Phacops) ranay LO 1S. LO me iaene Rorison quarry, 14.
Phelps, It.
Pholidostrophia nacrea, 20. Schizodiscus capsa, 19.
Platyceras attenuatum, 19. Schizophoria impressa, 31.
bucculentum, 10. Schoharie grit, 12.
carinatum, 10. Schuchert, cited, 12, 21.
conicum, 19. Scott Corners, 20.
echinatum,, 19. i Seneca county, 14, 21.
erectum, 19. Seneca Falls, 8, 9, 10.
subspinosum, 10. Seneca lake, 5, 15, 10, 17, mQseemem
symmetricum, I9. 28, BOW haa eee

thetis, 10.
Platycrinus eboraceus, 20.
Pleurodictyum stylopora, 21. —
Pleurotomaria capillaria, 16, 19, 27.

disjuncta, 10.

itys, 16, 10.

lucina, 10.

rugulata, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28.

sulcomarginata, 16.

Seneca limestone, 11, 12.
Seneca mulls, 24, 33.
Seneca river, 8, 13.
Senecan, 6, 12.

Severn arch, 34.

Severne point, 24.
Siluiiew 7.

Siluric waterlimes, 10.

trilex, 10. Simpson creek, 23, 24.
Plum creek, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34. Sixteen Falls creek, 29.
Plum point, 24. Skaneateles lake, 16.
Portage fauna, 31 Skaneateles shale, 6, 16-18.
Portage group, 27. South Waterloo, 13.

INDEX TO GEOLOGY OF GENEVA-OVID QUADRANGLES Al

Spirifer angustus, 20.

arenosus, IO-IT.

audaculus, 16, 20.

consobrinus, 20.

crispus var. corallinensis, 9.

divaricatus, 20.

fimbriatus, 16, 20.

granulosus, 20, 21.

laevis, 30, 31.

marcyi, 20.

mucronatus, 18, 20, 21.

var. posterus, 30, 31.

murchisoni, II.

subumbona, 31.

vanuxemi, 10.
Spirorbis angulatus, 10.
Stafford limestone, 14, 15, 16.
Starkey, 20.
Starkey point, 26, 27, 28.
‘Straparollus rudis, 20.
Striatopora limbata, 21.
Stromatopora, 9.
Stromatopora concentrica, 9.
Strophalosia truncata, 15, 16, 31.
Stropheodonta concava, 20.

deniissa, 20.

(Douvillina) inequistriata, 20.

junia, 20.

varistriata, 9, 10.
Styliola limestone, 25, 27.
Stvliolina fissurella, 15, 16, 18, 109,

20-275 31h

Thomas Brothers quarry, 14.
Tichenor limestone, 6, 19, 21-22.
Tichencr point, 2t.
Tommy creek, 29.

Tornoceras discoideum, 16.
uniangulare, 19, 31.
Trigeria lepida, 20.
Trochoceras gebhardi, 9.
Tropidoleptus carinatus, 20.
Tully, 23.
Tully limestone, 6, 16, 22, 22-25, 26,
27, 33;-34, 35-
Turrilepas devonica, 10.
foliata, 10.
nitidula, ro.
squama, 19.
tenera, 19:
Tyre, 7.

Ulsterian, 6.
Union Springs, 9, 10, 15, 33.
Upper black shale, 25.

Vanuxem, cited, I1, 12, 14, 16, 23
Varick station, 17.

Vernon shales, 5, 7.

Waterloo, 13, 14, 15, 16.

Watkins quadrangle, 32.

West Hill (Gardeau) flags and

shale, 6, 32.
West River shale, 6, 28-30.
West River valley, 28.
Whitfieldella sulcata, 9.
Willard, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28.
Wilson’s creek, 17, 18, 33.
Wiscoy shale, 32.

Zaphrentis halli, 20.
simplex, 20.

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New York State Education Department
New York State Museum
Joun M. Criarxke, Director

PUBLICATIONS

Packages will be sent prepaid except when distance or weight renders the
same impracticable. On 10 or more copies of any one publication 20%
discount will be given. Editions printed are only large enough to meet
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Museum annual reports 1347-date. Allin print to 1894, 50c a volume, 75c in
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quarto volumes on application.

These reports are made up of the reports of the Director, Geologist, Paleontologist, Botanist
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Director’s annual reports 10904—date.
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1905. 102p. 23pl. 30c. 1907. 212p. 63pl. Soc.
These reports cover the reports of the State Geologist and of the State Paleontologist.
Bound also with the museum reports cf which they form a part.

Geologist’s annual reports 1881-date. Rep’ts t, 3-13, 17-date, O; 2, 14-16, O.

In 1898 the paleontologic work of the State was made distinct from the geologic and was
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now reported in the Director’s report.

The annual reports of the original Natural History Survey, 1837-41, are out of print.

Reports 1-4, 1881-84, were published only in separate form. Of the 5th report 4 pages
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Separate volumes of the following only are available.

Report Price Report Price Report Price
12 (1892) $.50 17 $.75 21 $.40
14 as 18 ss 22 -40
15, 2V. 2 19 -40 2s AIG
16 I 20 .50 [See Director’s annual reports]

Paleontologist’s annual reports 1899—date.

See first note under Geologist’s annual reports.

Bound also with museum reports of which they form a part. Reports for 1899 and 1900
may be had for 20c each. Those for 1901-3 were issued as bulletins. In 1904 combined
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Entomologist’s annual reports on the injurious and other insects of the

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Reports 3-20 bound also with museum reports 40-46, 48-58 of which they form a part.

-Since 1898 these reports have been issued as bulletins. Reports 3-4, 17 are out of print,

other reports with prices are:

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8 +25 Dees Su). 55 ASL 2A)). 0375
hea -25 TONG 40) 225

Reports 2, 8-12 may also be obtained bound in cloth at 25c each in addition to the price
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Botanist’s annual reports 1867-date.
Bound also with museum reports 21-date cf which they form a part; the first Botanist’s

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Separate reports for 1871-74, 1876, 1888-98 are out of print. Report for 1899 may be has

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Descriptions and illustrations of edible, pciconous and unwholesome fungi of New York
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(1903), 58th (1904), 59th (1905) and 6oth (1906) reports.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Museum memoir 4.

Museum bulletins 1887—date.

The descriptions and illustra-
tions of edibleand unwholesome species contained in the 49th, 51st and 52d reports have
been revised and rearranged, and, combined with others more recently prepared, constitute

O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or $1
a year for division (1) geology, economic geology, paleontology, mineralogy;
soc each for divisions (2) general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (3)
botany, (4) entomology.

Bulletins are grouped in the list on the following pages according to divisions.

The

0 COI AN RW ND H

WWNHHH
HOO Cn

divisions to which bulletins belong are as follows:

Zoology

Botany

Economic Geology
Mineralogy
Entomology

Economic Geology
Botany
Zoology
Economic. Geology

“

Entomology
Geology

Economic Geology
Archeology
Economic Geology
Archeology
Geology
Entomology
Geology
Archeology
Entomology

Botany
Entomology

Botany

Zoology

Economic Geology
Entomology
Archeology
Zoology
Paleontology
Economic Geology
Entomology

Zoology
Paleontology
Zoology
Archeology
Paleontology

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

Zoology

Economic Geology
Paleontology
Entomology

Geology
Paleontology
Archeology
Zoology
Paleontology
Entomology
Botany
Archeology
Geology
Entomology
Mineralogy
Entomology
Zoology
Economic Geology

2 Miscellaneous

Paleontology
Entomology
Paleontology
Miscellaneous
Botany
Entomology
Paleontology
Mineralogy
Zoology
Entomology
Archeology
Entomology
Botany
Entomology
Geology
Archeology
Entomology
Paleontology -

Geology

Economic Geology

I0o
IOI
Io2
103
104
IoS5
r06
107
Io8
109g
IIo
III
I12
II3
II4
II5
116
BN G7
118
II9
I20
121
122
123
124
I25
126
127
128

Entomology
Archeology
Zoology
Archeology
Paleontology
Zoology
Paleontology
Economic Geology
Botany

Geology

Entomology
Mineralogy
Paleontology
Economic Geology
Paleontology
Economic Geology
Entomology

Botany
Geology

Archeology
Entomology

Geology

Economic Geology
Archeology
Paleontology
Geology

Botany
Archeology
Paleontology
Economic Geology

Director’s report for 1907

Botany

Economic Geology
Entomology
Archeology
Geology

Paleontology

Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows:
Report

Bulletin Report

12 TiS eeeA OnVa aE

TOMES ON ver 68
TSM 10) ESiaveeE 69
20-25 Pa ree at

ANSHiwe FS We 72
32-34 54,V.1 73
35,36 (545v. 2 74
37-44 54, V.3 75
45-48 54, Vv.4 76
49-54 55,V.T al
55 56, Vv. 4 78
56 ROG Wort 79
57 56, v. 3 80
58 BOs Wom

BO, 00) SOs vas

6r SOteWe a 85
62 56, Vv. 4 86
63 56, Vv. 2

64 56, v. 3 90
65 56, v. 2 QI

Bulletin
66, 67

7°, 71

Report Bulletin
56, v. 4 o) GA
56, v. 3 93
GO) We B 94
Bip We Up Hs Oy Ge
Bis Ss 2s 1D Sly
Dyin Wo 2 98, 99
D7 Meat Dt 2) oOo
Zin Wo 2 ror
S75. Wa Rigo 102
Gizln Wo tig IG HORS
S72 View2 106
rie io 285 fol 2 107
S77, Vay Te Die OS
58, v. 3 Iog,IIO
ish, WA on Take
58, v. 2 II2
58, Vv. 5 113
58, Vv. 4 It4
58, Vy 3 115
58, Vv. 4 r16

58,
58,
58,
58,
58,
59,
59,
59,
59,
59,
59,
60,
60,
Fo,
60,
60,
60,
60,
60,
60,

Vig

SSSR cl Meche hisciedl 3) Soh cl esi acer atisslig

HNHWHKRHWNHHNANHNMNERNW

Bulletin Report
I1l7 60, V. 3
118 60, V. I
IIQ OTe Viens
120 OT, Wek
I2r Gr Svea
m22 Ole
13 Gre lve
124 65,5Nn 2

. Memoir
2 49, V. 3
Smeal Ra we 2
5 Os Sin Mens
7 57,V.4
&, ptr 590, viens
8, pt2 59,Vv- 4
9 60, Vv. 4
10 60, Vv. S
II (ATES Wo)

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

The figures at the beginning of each entry in the following list, indicate its number as a
museum bulletin...

Geology. 14 Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Townships,
Essex Co. N. Y., with notes on the iron mines. 38p. il. 7pl. 2 maps.
Sept. 1895. Free.

19 Merrill, F. J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections of
the New York State Museum. 164p. 119pl. map. Nov. 1898. Out of
print.

21 Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p.1pl.map. Sept.
1898. Free.

48 Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and Borough
of Queens. s8p. il. Spl. map: Dec. r90r. 25¢c.

56 Merrill, F. J. H. Description of the State Geologic Map of 1901. 42p.
2 maps, tab. Nov. 1902. Free.

77 Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer Co.
g8p. il. r5pl. 2 maps. Jan. 1905. 3oc.

83 Woodworth, J.B. Pleistocene Geology of the Mooers Quadrangle. 62p.
25pl. map. June MOOSE ESC:

Ancient Water Levels of the Champlain and Hudson Valleys. 206p.
il. r1pl.18 maps. July 1905. 45c.

95 Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Northern Adirondack Region. 188p.

15pl.3 maps. Sept. 1905. 3oc.

96 Ogilvie, I. H. Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. sap. il. r7pl.
map. Dec. 1905. 3o0c.

106 Fairchild, H. L. Glacial Waters in the Erie Basin. 88p. 14pl. 9 maps.
Feb. 1907. Out of print.

107 Woodworth, J. B.; Hartnagel. C. A.; Whitlock, H. P.; Hudson, G. H.;
Clarke; J. M.; White, David; Berkey, CxP. Geological Papers. 388p.
54pl. map. May 1907. 9g0C, cloth.

Contents: Woodworth, J. B. Postglacial Faults of Eastern New York.
Hartnagel, C. A. Stratigraphic Relations of the Oneida Conglomerate.

Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic Formations of the Skunnemunk Mountain Region.

Whitlock, H. P. Minerals from Lyon Mountain, Clinton Co.

Hudson, G. H. On Some Pelmatozoa from the Chazy Limestone of New York.

Clarke, af M. Some New Devonic Fossils.

An Interesting Style of Sand-filled Vein.

—— Eurypterus Shales of the Shawangunk Mountains in Eastern New York.

White, David. A Remarkable Fossil Tree Trunk from the Middle Devonic of New York.
Berkey, C. P. Structural and: Stratigraphic Features of the Basal Gneisses of the

Highlands.

rizr Fairchild, H. L. Drumlins of New York. 6op. 28pl. 19 maps. July
1907. Out of print.

115 Cushing, H. P. ey of the Long Lake Quadrangle. 88p. 2opl.
map. Sept. 1907.

126 Miller, W. J. Gecleny of the Remsen Quadrangle. sap. il. 11 pl. map.
Jan. 1909. 25c.

t27 Fairchi!d, i. L. Glacial Watersin Central New York. 64p. 27pl. 15 maps.
Mar. 1goy. 4oc.

Berkey, C. P. Geology of the Highlands of the Hudson. In preparation.

Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Theresa Quadrangle. In preparation.

Economic geology. 3 Smock, J.C. Building Stone in the State of New
York. 1154p. Mar. 1888. Out of print.

7 First Report on the Iron Mines and Iron Ore Districts in the State
of New York. 78p.map. June 1889. Out of print.

10 —— Building Stone in New York. 210p. map, tab. Sept. 1890. 4oc.

1z Merrill, F. J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries of New York. 94p. 12pl.
2 maps, 11 tab. Apr. 1893. [soc]

12 Ries, Heinrich. Clay Industriesof New York. 174p. 1pl.il.map. Mar.
1895. 30C.

15 Merrill, F. J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 240p. 2 maps.
Sept. 1895. [soc] -

17 Road Materials and Road Building in New York. 52p. 14pl. 2 maps.
Oct: 1§97. “15c.
30 Orton, Edward. Petroleum and Natural Gas in New York. 136p. il.

3.maps. Nov. 1899. 15¢
35 Ries, Heinrich. Clays “of New York; their Properties and Uses. 456p.
140pl. map. June igoo. $1, cloth.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Lime and Cement Industries of New York; Eckel), E. C. Chapters
on the Cement Industry. 332p. rorpl. 2 maps. Dec. 1901. 8s5¢, cloth.

61 Dickinson, H. T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sandstones in New
York. .14p. 18pl.2 maps. Mar. 1903. 35c.

85 Rafter, G. W. Hydrology of New York State. gozp. il. 44pl. 5 maps.
May 1905. $1.50, cloth.

93 Newland, D. H. Mining and Quarry Industry of New York. 78p.
July 1905. Out of print.

too McCourt, W. E. Fire Tests of Some New York Building Stones. 4op.
26pl. Feb: 1906.) r5e:

102 Newland, D. H. Mining and Quarry Industry of New York. 2d
Report. 1162p. June 1906. 25¢c.

II2 Mining and Quarry Industry 1906. 82p. July 1907. 15¢c.

t19 Newland, D. H. & Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Adirondack Magnetic
Iron Ores with a Report on the Mineville-Port Henry Mine Group.
184p. 14pl. 8 maps. Apr. 1908. 35c.

120 —— Mining and Quarry Industry 1907. 82p. July 1908. 1r5¢c.

123 & Hartnagel, C. A. Iron Ores of the Clinton Formation in New
York State. 76p.il.14 pl. 3 maps. Nov. 1908. 25e.

The Sandstones of New York. / preparation.

Mineralogy. 4 Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their Localities.
22p. ipl. Aug. 1888. Free.

58 Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the New York
State Museum. trsop. il. 39pl. 11 models Sept. 1902. 4oc.

New York Mineral Localities. trop. Oct. 1903. 20¢.

Contributions from the Minetralogic Laboratory. 38p. 7pl. Dec.

TOOS.) LSe:

Paleontology. 34 Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of Eastern Mont-
gomery County; Prosser, C. S. Notes on the Stratigraphy of Mohawk
Valley and Saratoga County, N. Y. 74p. 14pl. map. May 1900. 15¢.

39 Clarke, J. M.; Simpson, G. B. & Loomis, F. B. Paleontoiogic Papers 1.
Dio» Wk well Oe U6@G, LEC:
gta Clarke, J. M. A Remarkable Occurrence of Orthoceras in the Oneonta Beds of

e Chenango Valley, N. Y.

——— Saree cryptophya; a Peculiar Hchinoderm from the Intumescens-zone
(Portage Beds) of Western New York.

——— Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonic of New York.
—— The Wate Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Simpson, G. B. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera of Paleozoic Rugose Corals.
Loomis, F. B. Siluric Fungi from Western New York.

42 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Hudson River Beds near Albay, and their Taxo-
nomic Equivalents. I16p. 2pl. map: Apr. 1901. 25

45 Grabau, A. W. Geology and Paleontology of reas Falls and Vicinity.
286p. il. 18p!. map. Apr. 1901. 65c; cloth, goc.

49 Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke. J. M. & Wood, Elvira. Paleontologic
Papers:2.) 240p.. tapi Decwnoon weg.
Contents: Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hiil.
Clarke, J. M. Limestones of Central and Western New York Interbedded with Bitumi-

nous Shales of the Marcellus Stage.

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co., N. Y.
Clarke, J. M. New Agelacrinites.

—— Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during the Devonic of
New York, Ireland and the Rhineland.

52 Clarke, J. M. Report of the State Paleontologist tg01. 28op. il. ropl.
map, 1tab. July 1902. 4cc.

63 —— Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles. 78p. map.
June 1904. 25¢c.

65 —— Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in the New York
State Museum. 848p. May 1903. $1.20, cloth.

69 —— Report of the State Paleontologist 1902. 464p.52pl.7 maps. Nov.
1903. $1, cloth.

70
98

80 Report of the State Paleontologist 1903. 396p. 2o9pl. 2 maps.
Feb. 1905. 85c, cloth.

81 —— & Luther, D. D. Watkins and Elmira Quadrangles. 32p. map.
Mar. 1905. 25c.

82 Geologic Map of the Tully Quadrangle. 4op.map. Apr. 1905. 20Cc.

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

90 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Cephalopoda of Beekmantown and Chazy For-
mations of Champlain Basin. 224p. il. 38pl. May 1906. 75¢e, cloth.

92 Grabau, A. W. Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie
Region. 314p. il. 26pl. map. Apr. 1906. 75¢, cloth.

99 Luther, D. D. Geology of the Buffalo Quadrangle. 32p. map. May
1906. 20C.

Ior Geology of the Penn Yan-Hammondsport Quadrangles. 28p.
map. July 1906. 25¢c.

114 Hartnagel, C. A. oe Map of the Rochester and Ontario Beach
Quadrangles. 36p.map. Aug. 1907. 20Cc.

118g Clarke, J. M. & Luther, D. D. Geologic Maps and Descriptions of the
Portage and Nunda Quadrangles including a map of Letchworth Park.
sop. 16pl. 4 maps. Jan. 1908. 35¢c.

128 Luther, D. D. Geology of the Geneva-Ovid Quadrangles. 44p. map.
Apr. 1909. 200.

—— Geology of the Phelps Quadrangle. In preparation.

White, David. The Devonic Plants of New York. In preparation.

Whitnall, H.O. Geology of the Morrisville Quadrangle. Prepared.

Hopkins, T. C. Geology of the Syracuse Quadrangle. In preparation.

Hudson, G. H. Geology of Valcour Island. In preparation.

Zoology. 1 Marshall, W. B. Preliminary List of New York Unionidae.
2zop. Mar. 1892. Free.

Beaks of Unionidae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y. 3opi

tpl. Aug. 1890. Free.

29 Miller, G. S. jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. 1124p.
Oct. 1899. 15c.

33 Farr, M.S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Apr. 1900. 25¢.

38 Miller, G. S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of Northeastern North
America. 106p. Oct. 1900. 15¢c.

49 Simpson, G. B. Anatomy and Physiology of Polygyra albolabris and
Limax eh and Embryology of Limax maximus. 82p. 28pl. Oct.
Igol.

43 ietlogse oy L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New York. 36p. 2pl.
map. Apr. 1gor. Free.

51 Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F. C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batrachians
of New York. 64p. il. ipl. Apr. 1902. 15c.

Eckel, E.C. Serpents of Northeastern United States.
Paulmier, F.C. Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of New York.

60 ie ae H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. 784p. Feb. 1903.
$1, cloth.

71 Kellogg J. L. Feeding Habits and Growth of Venus mercenaria. 3cpD.
4pl. Sept. 1903. Free.

88 Letson, Elizabeth J. Check List of the Mollusca of New York. tr16p.
May 1905. 200.

gt fee ees F. C. Higher Crustacea of New York City. 78p. il. June

905.
Shufeldt, R. W. Osteology of the Birds. In press.

Entomology. 5 Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 34p. il.
Nov. 1888. Free.
6

Cut-worms. 38p.il. Nov. 1888. roc.
13 San José Scale ce Some Destructive Insects of New York State.
54p. 7pl. Apr. 1895. 15
20 Felt, E. P. Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. spl. June
1898. Free.
See 57.
23

14th Report of the State Entomologist 1898. 15o0p. il. gpl. Dec.
1898. 20C¢.

Memorial of the Life and Entomologic Work of J. A. Lintner Ph.D.
State Entomologist 1874-98; Index to “Entomologist’ s Reports 1-13.
316p. pl. Oct. 1899. 35¢c.

Supplement to 14th report of the State Entomologist.

26 Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York Insects.
36p. il. Apr. 1899. Free.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Shade Tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May 1899.

27
Free F

31 15th Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 128p. June 1900.
5c.

36 16th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. 118p. 16pl. Mar.

TOOL (25C-

Goatuges of Some of the More Important Injurious and Beneficial

Insects of New York State. 54p. il. Sept. 1900. Free.

Scale Insects of Importance and a List of the Species in New
Work State, oap: dlusplis Wine mgom., sseanc:

47 Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in the Adiron-
dacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sept. 1901. 45¢c.

53 Felt, E. P. 17th Report of the State Entomologist 1901. 232p. il. 6pl.
Aug. 1902. Out of print.

Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. 8pl. Aug. 1902.
Out of print. .
This is a revision of 20 containing the more essential facts observed since that was pre-

pared.

59 —— Grapevine Root Worm. 4qop. 6pl. Dec. 1902. 15¢.

See 72.

64 18th Report of the State Entomologist 1902. i11op. 6pl. May
1903. Out of print.

68 Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322p. sa2pl.
Aug. 1903. 8oc, cloth.

72 Felt, E. P. Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. 13pl. Nov. 1903. 20¢.

This is a revision of 59 containing the more essential facts observed since that was

prepared.

74 & Joutel, L. H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p. r4pl.
June 1904. 25¢.

76 Felt, E. P. 19th Report of the State Entomologist 1903. 1150p. 4pl.

1904. I5C.
Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York. 164p. il. 57pl. tab. Oct.

1904. 40c.
86 Needham, J. G. & others. May Flies and Midges of New York. 352p.

il. 37pl. June 1905. 80oc, cloth.
97 Felt, E. .P. 2oth Report of the State Entomologist 1904. 246p. il. rgpl.

Nov. 1905. 40¢.

103 Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. 4a4p. ropl. July 1906. 15¢.

104 21st Report of the State Entomologist 1905. 1144p. ropl. Aug.
1906. 25C.

tog —— Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. 34p.8pl. Mar. 1907. 20¢.

IIo 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. 1152p. spl. June
TQO7e) F2i5c:

124 23d Report of the State Entomologist igc7. s§42n, 44ph al.

OCF, TOOB. | YEO:

Needham, J. G. Monograph on Stone Flies. In preparation,

Botany. 2 Peck, C. H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of New
York. 72p. 2pl. May 1887. Out of print.

Boleti of the United States. o8p. Sept. 1889. Out of print.

8
Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. 5pl. Oct. 1899. Out of

25
print.
28 Plants of North Elba. 206p. map. June 1899. 20¢.
54 —— Report ofthe State Botanist 1901. 58p.7pl. Nov. 1902. 4oc.
67 —— Report of the State Botanist 1902. 196p.5pl. May 1903. 5oc.
75 —— Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 4oc.
94 —— Report of the State Botanist 1904. 60p. 1opl. July 1905. 4oc.
I05 Report of the State Botanist 1905. 108p.12pl. Aug. 1906. 5o0c.
116 Report of the State Botanist 1906. 12op. 6pl. July 1907. 35¢c.

122 Report of the State Botanist 1907. 3178p. spl. Aug. 1908. 4oc.

Archeology. 16 Beauchamp, W. M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Imple-
ments of New York. 86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 25¢c.

Polished Stone Articles used by the Nea York Aborigines. r1o4p.

35pl. Nov. 1897. 25¢.

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

ae Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl. Oct.
1898. 25¢.-

Aboriginal Occupation of New York. 1gop. r16pl. 2maps, Mar.
Ig00. 30C.

Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians.
166p. 28pl. Mar. 1901. 30¢.

Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. r12p. 43pl.
Mar. 1902. 30¢.

Metallic Implements of the New York Indians. o94p. 38pl.
June 1902. 25¢.

73 Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. 122p. 37pl. Dec.
TQO3:, ~30C.

78 ey of the New York Iroquois. 340p. 17pl. map. Feb 1gos.
75C, cloth.

87 Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. t12pl. Apr. 1905. 200.

89 Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. 1090p. 35pl. June
NGOSe, 356.

108 —— Aboriginal Place Names of New York. 336p. May i907. oc.

II3 Civil, Religious and Mourning Councils and Ceremonies of Adop-

MON ECLODs 7 pl. une. 1907. 25C.

117 Parker, A. C. An Erie Indian Village and Burial Site. 1o2p.
Zapl) Dees 1907.. 30c.

125 Converse, H. M. & Parker, A.C. Iroquois Myths and Legends. 1o6p.

fee p lec. OOS) FOC

Miscellaneous. Msi (62) Merrill, F. J. H. Directory of Natural History
Museums in United States and Canada. 236p. Apr. 1903. 3oc.

66 Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat-
ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. 418p.
June 1903. 75¢, cloth.

Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q.

1 Beecher, C. E. & Clarke, J. M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi-
opoda. g6p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. $1.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J. M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il. 7opl.

1898. $2, cloth.

3 Clarke, J. M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.,
Neavcer2sp.opl.. Oct. 1900, Soc.

Peck, C.H. N.Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 106p.25pl. Nov. 1900. 75¢c.

This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 49th, 51st and«
521 reports of the State Botanist.

5 Clarke, J. M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna o
New York State. 3196p. 21pl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth.

6 Clee) M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map.
$2, cloth.

7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the
Lower Beds. 350p.17pl. Feb. 1905. $1.50, cloth.

8 Felt. E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. v.1 46op.
il. 48pl. Feb. 1906. $2.50, cloth. v.2 548p. il. 22pl. Feb. 1907.
$2, cloth.

9 Clarke, J. M. Early Devonic of New York and Eastern North America.
Pt 1. 366p. il. 7opl. 5 maps. Mar. 1908. $2.50, cloth. Pt 2, In press.

1o Eastman, C. R. The Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations.
236p. spl. 1907. $1.25, cloth.

11 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 2 Graptolites of the
Higher Beds. 584p. il. 2 tab. 31pl. Apr. 1908. $2.50, cloth.

12 Eaton, E.H. Birds of New York. In press.

Natural history of New York. 3ov. iJ. pl. maps. Q. pany 1842-94.

DIVISION 1 zooLoGy. De Kay, James EB Zoology of New York; or, The

New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of
those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri-
ate illustrations. 5v.il.pl. maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov W. H. Seward. 178p.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

v. 1 ptr Mammalia. 131+46p. 33pl. 1842.
309 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 2 pt2 Birds. 12+380p. r141pl. 1844.
Colored piates.

v. 3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+98p. ptq Fishes. 15+4rsp. 1842.
pt3-4 bound together.

We ete to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23p]. Fishes 7p).
1342.

300 copies with haud-colored plates.

v. 5 pts Mollusca. 4+271p. gopl. pt6 Crustacea. 7op. r3pl. 1843-44.
Hand-colored plates; pts5—6 bound together.

DIVISION 2 BOTANY. ‘Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com-
prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith-
erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical
properties. e2v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v. t Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 72pl. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com-
prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State
of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl.
sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print.

v. 1 ptr Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.

8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W. W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Larde
ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842-43. Out of print..

v. 1 ptr Mather, W. W. First Geological District. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843.

v. 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+437p. 17pl.
1842.

v. 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842.

v. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683p. 1opl. map.
1843.

Bon 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York;
comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution
of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological
formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri-
ae productions of the State. 5v.il. pl.sq.Q. Albany 1846-54. Out
of print.

Vv. 1 Boils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11 +371p. 21pl.
1846.

v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 42pl. 1849.
With hand-colored plates. :

v. 3 Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.

v. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. .g5pl. 1851.

Hand-colored.

v. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. sopl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Paleontology of New York. $v.
il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.

v. t Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.
23+338p. oopl. 1847. Out of print.

v. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8+362p. ro4pl. 1852. Out of print.

v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany
Sandstone. pti, text. 12+532p. 1859. [$3.50]

——ptz2. 143pl. 1861. [$2.50]

.
P
4
’
j
)

. MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung Groups. .11+1+428p. 69pl. 1867. $2.50.

v. 5 ptr Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.

Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham-

ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 5ipl. 1885. $2.50.

pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-

berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text.

15+492p. v. 2, 120pl. $2.50 for 2 v.

& Simpson, George B. v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Up-

per Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.

& Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other. Crustacea of the Oris-

kany, Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill

Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Ptero-

poda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50.

& Clarke, John M. v. 8 pti: Introduction to the Study of the Genera

of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.

& Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+ 394p. 64pl.
1894. $2.50.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.

1853.
Handbooks 1893-date.

In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below.
New York State Museum. 52p.il. Free.

Outlines, history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.

Paleontology. 2p. Free.

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
biclogy; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York.

Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. r24p. Free.
Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series.of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially

for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the

classic rocks of this State.

Entomology. 16p. Free.

Economic Geology. 44p. Free.

Insecticides and Fungicides. 2op. Free.

Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. Free.

Geologic maps. Merrill, F. J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State
of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and 48th Museum
Report, v. 1. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to 1 inch. 15c¢

Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of Quarries of

Stone Used for Building and Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. Free.

Map of the State of New York Showing the Distribution of the Rocks
Most Useful for Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. Free.

—— Geologic Map of New York. roor. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. Jn atlas
form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 6oc.

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put-
nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of
Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western
Connecticut.

Map of New York Showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds.

1901. Scale +2 miles to 1 inch. 15c.

Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of its Economic
Deposits. 1904. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. 15¢c.

Geology maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base;
scale 1 in. —= 1m, Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub-
lished separately. :

*Albany county. Mus. rep’t 49, v 2. 1898. Out of print.

. Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898

Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mus,
TEOitE Ske eV. ke LOOG.
Rockland county. State geol. rep’t 18. 1899.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Gere

Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. tgoo.

*Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. 1o01. Free.

*Niagara river. Mus. bul. 45. 1901. 25¢.

Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep’t 19. rgor.

Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48.
IQOt.

Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902.

Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep’t 21. 1903.

Union Springs. Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus bul. 69. 1902.

*Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 10903. Free.

*Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale 1 in. =- 4m.) Mus. bul. 69.
1903" | 20C:

*Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 200.

*Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. 15€¢.

*Watkins-Elmira quadrangles. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 20¢.

*Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. ro905. Free.

*Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. Free.

. *Buffalo quadrangle. Mus. bul. 99. 1906. Free.

*Penn Yan-Hammondsport quadrangles. Mus. bul. ror. 1906. 20¢.

*Rochester and Ontario Beach quadrangles. Mus. bul. 114. 20¢.

*Long Lake quadrangles. Mus. bul. 115. Free.

*Nunda-Portage quadrangles. Mus, bul. 118. 200.

*Remsen quadrangle. Mus. bul. 126. 1908. Free.

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EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
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STATE GROLOGIST

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UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
STATE MUSEUM

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