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SA eco he a ea aaa ae? F : Baa AS oe Oe 


7” e a ‘Medea JANUARY, 1913. 


. gon NEWS 


= a“ 


Titian Ramsey Peale (1800-1885). 


PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. 
E. T. CRESSON, jr., Associate Editor. 


HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. 


ADVISORY COMMITTEE: 
A. G. REHN, 
. W. WENZ&SL. 


EZRA T. CRESSON. 
PHIL{P LAURENT. ERICH DAECKE. 


aN 


PHILADELPHIA: 
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 
LOGAN SQUARE. 


Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Mattex. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


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ENT. NEwS, VOL. XXIV. Plate I. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


Vor. XIV. JANUARY, 1913. Wo: YY. 
GCONTDLEN TS= 

Portrait—Titian Ramsey Peale......... 1 | Baker—Change of Address ............ 27 

Schaus—New Species of Heterocera IDGHTAEN -odceeeeenedousanOonOot Dear ee 28 
from Brazil (Lepid.).............:. Zl  Colomombemiptera. ...ce-scce toe oe ~<a 29 

Cockerell—The Genera Parotermes The Insects” Homer... -.--.ccccces2e. 29 
and Hodotermes (Isoptera)......-. 6 | Caterpillars and the Weather.......... 29 

Cresson—Collecting an Mounting | Cockerell—Feltia venerabilis arida n. 
(Micro-Diptera)—II ............... 8 SUupsSps (epider ts. fase ce das ccicwcut 30 

Weiss—Notes on the Phototropism of Entomological Literature.............. 30 
Certain Mosquitoes (Dipt.)........ 12 | Review of Comstock—Spider Book.... 35 

Severin and Severin—The Effect of Review of Winn—A Preliminary List 
Temperature on the Molting of the of the Insects of the Provinee of 
Walking-stick, Diapheromera fem- HEBEC—-EAT GL cclttciacinecleSseciccce cs 37 
orata Say (Orthop.)..............-- 14 | Review of Kane—Injurious Insects: 

de la Torre Bueno—Some New and How to Recognize andControlthem 37 
Little-known Heteroptera from the Doings of Societies’...........-....--+- 38 
Western United States ............ 20 | Obituary—Frederick Blanchard....... 46 

Skinner—Antigeny in Neartic Butter- Obituary—Dr. Wm. Armstrong Buck- 
PS (LES 35S 1 eS Saeed 23 HOU ose se hao eee a ticee Tew Seas. 48 


Titian Ramsey Peale. 


(Portrait, Plate I) 
Following our practice of the last two years in placing a 


portrait of one of the older American entomologists on the 
cover of the NEws, we have selected for the frontispiece and 
for the cover for 1913 the portrait of Titian Ramsey Peale. 

Titian R. Peale published in 1833 a work entitled Lepidop- 
tera Americana* which seems never to have passed beyond 
a single small installment. 


*Lepidoptera Americana: or, Original Figures of the Moths and 
Butterflies of North America; in their various stages of existence 
and the plants on which they feed. Drawn on stone, and coloured 
from nature; with their characters, synonyms, and remarks on their 
habits and manners. By Titian R. Peale. Curator of the Philadelphia 
Museum. Vol. I. No. 1, Philadelphia: Printed by William P. Gib- 
bons, S. W. corner Sixth & Cherry Sts., 1833. 

The copy of Number 1 in the library of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia comprises 14 unnumbered pages of text and 
4 colored plates numbered 3 to 7; the size is 8% x 10% inches. Ac- 
companying this single part is a printed sheet of “The Proposals for 
Publishing by subscription a work to be entitled Lepidoptera Amer- 
icana” which state that “the work will consist of one hundred Plates,” 
in Numbers of four Plates, to be regularly published every two 
months, at Ten Dollars a year; a few other uncolored plates with 
Peale’s autograph and the date 1836, and some unpublished manuscripts. 


I 


2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., °13 


He was chiefly known, however, as an illustrator of books 
in various branches of natural history, such as Thomas 
Say’s American Entomology (1824-28), a number of the plates 
of which bear his name. It is possible that it was to Peale that 
Say referred in his letter to J. F. Melsheimer, dated from Phil- 
adelphia, July 30, 1816, and published by Mr. W. J. Fox in the 
News, volume XII, page 140 (1901), as follows: “On the lid 
of the box within you will find two plates of insects intended 
for my American Entomology they are all to be coloured—I 
send you the plate of G. Tityus as the first one that I have had 
coloured you will not criticise it with too much severity as the 
artist is young & will improve.” This plate is No. 4 of the first 
volume of Say’s work and is unsigned. Peale, at the time of 
the writing of this letter was about sixteen years of age. 

Peale’s association with Say is shown by passages in two 
others of the latter’s letters to Melsheimer. In that of June 
10, 1818 (Ent. News, XII, p. 234), Peale is mentioned as 
one of the party who accompanied Say on his collecting trip to 
Florida, while that dated March 13, 1819 (J. c., p. 281) reads. 
“Mr. T. Peale will accompany me [on Major Long’s Western 
Expedition to the Rocky Mountains] to prepare the skins of 
such animals as may be discovered.” Occasionally in the 
American Entomology, Say quotes observations by Peale. 

Peale’s collection of Lepidoptera is still preserved at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, partly in his 
original boxes in the form of books measuring 9% x 1134 x 2 
inches. Under each of the two covers of each book is an 
inner cover of glass, to the inner surface of one of which are 
fastened small disks of cork, a specimen being pinned in each 
disk. The distance between the glass covers is about 114 inches 
and the enclosed space is tightly sealed, but both surfaces of 
each specimen can be clearly seen. One of these boxes con- 
tains the type of Say’s Hipparchia [=Chionobas| semided 
with a record to the effect that it is the original of the plate in 
the American Entomology. This record has been quoted in 
the News, volume XIII, page 12 (1902). 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 


Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography, volume 
IV, New York, 1888, contains a brief sketch of Titian Ram- 
sey Peale, stating that he was born in Philadelphia in 1800 and 
died in the same city, March 13, 1885. He was the son of 
Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827), artist and _ portrait 
painter and founder of Peale’s Museum*; Rembrandt Peale 
(1778-1860), also a well-known portrait painter, and Raphaelle 
Peale (1744-1825) were brothers of Titian R. Titian R. ac- 
companied the United States Exploring Expedition under 
Lieutenant Wilkes in 1838-1842, and was an Examiner in the 
Patent Office at Washington from 1849 to 1872. 


New Species of Heterocera from Brazil (Lepid.) 
By W. ScuHaus, London, England. 


Ormiscodes hortensia sp. n. 


¢. Head and collar dark brown. Thorax olive brown mottled with 
light brown hairs. Abdomen brown red banded with black. 

Fore wings greyish buff mottled with olive brown scales, and with 
some irregular fine fuscous horizontal streaks; an indistinct darker 
subterminal shade, expanding on costa into a better marked fuscous 
brown shade; a large triangular space medially on costa, dark olive 
brown mottled with pale hairs, edged by a fuscous line inwardly 
oblique from costa to below cell, rounded and vertical to costa, 
slightly lunular outwardly and enclosing a fuscous streak on disco- 
cellular. 

Hind wings bright brown on base and inner margin, shading to 
darker brown outwardly and towards costa; a dark discal spot; a 
fuscous brown postmedial line; a broad subterminal fuscous shade; 
termen coloured like fore wings. 

Ex. 85 mm. i 


Hab. Piassaguera, Sao Paulo. 


*Peale’s Museum, a private enterprise, was also known as The 
Philadelphia Museum and was an entirely distinct institution from 
the Academy of Natural Sciences. Most of its contents were destroyed 
by fire or scattered among various owners after a somewhat checkered 
existence, 


4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 713 
Dirphia picturata sp. n. 

6. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen brownish 
black dotted with white; basal segment bright red; fine reddish brown 
segmental lines, anal hairs yellow brown. 

Fore wings: a dark brown oblique shade at base reaching antemedial 
line on inner margin, the space above it lilacine buff mot- 
tled with whitish hairs, limited by the antemedial line, which 
is fuscous brown, finely pale, edged inwardly, vertical on 
costa, outcurved and angled in cell, almost vertical below 
cell, somewhat outbent on inner margin. Wing beyond brown shaded 
with fuscous brown in cell; an irregular white spot on discocellular, 
containing a fuscous grey line following its outline, being narrow in 
front and slightly inbent, somewhat constricted medially, and broader 
behind; beyond cell on vein 5 are two small white spots with grey 
centers, almost suffusing; on one wing there are some _ small 
dots on vein 6, and one on vein 2 near outer line; this line is fuscous 
brown, slightly inbent from costa, followed by a pale brown and then 
a lilacine shade; subterminal fuscous brown spots connected by an 
indistinct line; from vein 4 to 6 the spots suffuse with the terminal 
shade which is dark brown, narrowing towards apex and tornus 
which are filled with the lilacine shade. 

Hind wings brown shaded with red at base; hairs on inner margin 
red; a reddish brown spot on discocellular, pale edged; a fuscous 
brown postmedial and subterminal shade, the latter followed by a 
lilacine shade. 

Fore wings below grey brown shaded with red on inner margin; a 
black discal point; an outer lilacine shade, darker edged. 

Hind wings helow lilacine to just beyond cell; a medial brown 
shade; a fuscous brown small spot; terminal space brown; a sub- 
terminal lilacine shade. 

Ex. 62 mm. 


Hab. Joinville, Brazil. 


Automeris coronis sp. n. 


é. Head and collar dark brown. Thorax brown, shading to red- 
dish brown behind, the patagia tipped with yellow buff. Abdomen 
roseate brown, with very faint smoky grey transverse lines. 

Fore wings brown, darkest at base and beyond outer line; antemedial 
line remote from base, fine, fuscous outcurved to vein 2, and again 
to submedian, marked with pale points on veins; medial space paler, 
tinged with grey, the discal spot very large, light brown marked with 
two black points on inner edge, four on outer; a vertical brown post- 
medial shade from costa to line, this latter fine, reddish brown from 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 


apex to middle of inner margin, marked with buff white points on 
veins; a diffuse fuscous brown subterminal shade outwardly edged 
with light brown. 

Hind wings dull roseate brown at base and along iinner margin, 
brownish on costa; ocellus very large, black, broadly circled with 
whitish yellow, containing an irregular brown spot with four lines 
projecting towards outer margin, and an angled white line within 
it; a postmedial lunular black line followed by a broad maroon 
shade; outer margin and cilia ochreous buff, with a darker terminal 
line, 

Fore wings below brownish buff, tinged with reddish except on 
costal and outer margins which are shaded with fuscous; a large black 
discal spot containing a small white spot; an outer black line, wavy 
from costa, well before apex to middle of inner margin; traces of 
subterminal triangular fuscous shades. 

Hind wings below brownish buff irrorated with fuscous; a small 
horizontal whitish discal streak, dark edged: a wavy, irregular post- 
medial dark line; traces of subterminal shadings as on fore wings. 

Ex. 95 mm. 


Hab. Joinville, Brazil. 


Othorene corrupta sp. n. 

@. Head, collar, and patagia dull purplish slate colour; thorax 
roseate brown. Abdomen above pale reddish brown. 

Fore wings dull purplish slate colour at base, shading to roseate 
brown terminally, crossed by numerous black striae, but fewer on 
outer margin; no traces of lines. 

Hind wings pale brown, darker shaded on costa; a purplish red shade 
along inner margin. 

Fore wings below roseate brown, the apex striated with black. 

Hind wings below yellow buff, shaded with roseate on inner margin. 

1D>. oy) save 


Hab. Joinville, Brazil. 


Cicinnus maera sp. n. 

@. Head roseate brown. Collar, thorax, and abdomen pale red- 
dish; anal tufts fuscous brown. 

Fore wings to outer line pale reddish shaded with smoky grey be- 
fore the line, and with a few scattered fuscous scales on postmedial 
space; a large round buff white spot filling end of cell, finely darker 
edged, especially on discocellular, which is followed by a. slight 
fuscous grey shade; pale shades between veins 2 and 4 close to 
median; a fine darker red line from cell spot to inner margin; outer 
line remote, fine, oblique on costa, angled at vein 8, then thicker, dark 


6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’13 


brown and vertical to inner margin, a black shade from angle above 
vein 8 to termen at apex, shaded above with fuscous grey; termen 
roseate buff shaded with pale grey, and irrorated with black, forming 
clusters on veins near outer line; the apex is bluntly produced, the 
termen somewhat convex between veins 5 and 2. 

Hind wings grey shaded with roseate becoming reddish at outer 
line and on termen, thinly irrorated with dark scales; the outer line 
dark brown from costa near apex to anal angle, followed by black 
clusters of scales on veins. 

Wings below similar but duller. 

Ex. 33 mm. 


Hab. Joinville, Brazil. 


Titya fuscicaudata sp. n. 

9. Body dull brown; anal tufts fuscous brown. 

Fore wings smoky brown, thinly scaled, the lines broad, greyish 
buff; antemedial inwardly oblique. inbent at submedian; an oblique 
black spot on discocellular; postmedial inbent, sinuous; subterminal 
narrower, parallel with postmedial. 

Hind wings smoky brown; a broad, slightly darker, medial shade. 

Ex. 58 mm. 


Hab. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 
The types of these species will be placed in the United 
States National Museum at Washington. 


The Genera Parotermes and Hodotermes (Isoptera). 
By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Boulder, Colorado. 


At Station 14, in the miocene shales of Florissant, Colo- 
rado, my wife found a specimen of Parotermes fodinae Scud- 
der, sufficiently well preserved to show practically the entire 
venation of the anterior wings. Upon comparison, I find that 
the venation is nearly identical with that of Hodotermes 
ochraceus Burm., as figured by Desneux in Genera insectorum, 
Isoptera, pl. 1, f. 4a. The difference is mainly as follows: P. 
fodinae has the region above the media considerably narrower, 
so that about the middle of the wing the media is distinctly 
nearer to the costa than to the upper branch of the cubitus; 
the media (scapular vein) gives off above in my example of 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 


fodinae three branches in one wing and four in its opposite (in 
ochraceus six) ; below, the media gives off three branches, the 
first before the origin of the third upper branch, all leaving 
the media at a much larger angle than the upper branches 
(ochraceus is quite different here, but Hodotermes mossambi- 
cus has the lower branches of the media practically as in P. 
fodinae). The cubitus forks before the middle of the wing, 
and its upper branch forks again, exactly.as in H. ochraceus; 
the anal also has a fork below and a little beyond the cubital 
fork, as in ochraceus. 

The presence of the sub-costal (sub-marginal) vein, which 
was supposed to separate Parotermes from Hodotermes, is not 
diagnostic, this vein being present in true Hodotermes. It is 
Parotermes, formerly considered a sub-genus of Hodotermes, 
which has the sub-costa absent or rudimentary. According to 
the diagrammatic figure of Hodotermes brunneicornis given 
by Redtenbacher and reproduced by Sharp, the media of that 
insect has no inferior branches, and the cubitus is wholly un- 
like that of our fossil; but brunneicornis really belongs to a 
different genus, Stolotermes. The indications are, then, that 
Parotermes differs little from Hodotermes, so that it may be a 
matter of opinion whether it is really separable. At the pres- 
ent day, Hodotermes is represented by five species in Africa, 
three in Central Asia and three other dubious forms, Asiatic 
and African. It therefore, in its occurrence at Florissant, 
affords a case parallel to those of the Nemopterids and Ne- 
mestrinids. 

Scudder described a large species from the Florissant shales 
as Hodotermes (?) coloradensis. It is remarkable not only 
for its large size, but the unusually long abdominal append- 
ages, and the total absence of the sub-costal vein on all the 
wings. It is therefore apparently not a true Hodotermes. I 
have a very fine specimen (Florissant, Station 13, WV. P. Cock- 
erell) which I have referred to Scudder’s species, but on re- 
viewing the subject I can only conclude that it is distinct, since 
it has the sub-costal vein well developed, and the abdominal 


8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan., "x9 


appendages are very small, resembling those figured by Des- 
neux for Hodotermes turkestanicus. My insect is, I believe, 
a true Hodotermes or Parotermes, although the structure of 
the cubital and anal veins, and lower branches of the media, 
cannot be made out. It may be named as follows: 


Parotermes scudderi n. sp. 

Hodotermes_ coloradensis Cockerell, Popular Science Monthly, 
LXXIV, 10908, p. 118, fig. 

Length about 1514 mm.; head oblong, about 434 mm. long and 3 
wide; wings about 22 mm. long; media to costa in middle of anterior 
wing about I mm., thus the space narrow as in Parotermes; media of 
anterior wing with only three branches above, the first arising nearly 
9 mm. from base of wing; radius of lower wing with two branches 
above; antennae, as preserved, appearing brown with white annuli 
(the sutures), about six joints to a mm. in middle of antenna. 

Easily known from the other species of Parotermes by its 


great size. 


Collecting and Mounting Micro-Diptera. 
Paper II—Mounting. 
By E. T. Cresson, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. 


In previous pages of this journal (1) I gave an account of a 
method of collecting micro-diptera and promised to supple- 
ment it with an article on a method of mounting which I use 
and find most satisfactory for preserving them for study. It 
is generally the fact that a thorough systematist is a poor tech- 
nician and vica versa. The systematist being more interested 
in the insect and its relationship than in the method of mount- 
ing and its appearance in relation to others in the series or col- 
lection, while the technician considers more the appearance and 
the method of mounting. The method I use and will here 
try to describe, should appeal to the former on account of the 
advantages possessed for thorough examination, while the ap- 
pearance of the mount and its subject shouid satisfy the latter 

The common practice of gluing the insect to points, which 
is usually done by Coleopterists and seems most satisfactory 
for them, should be discouraged for micro-diptera, and this 


(1). Vol. xxi, pp. 406-410. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 


I do most earnestly on account of two very bad features which 
are evident even when most care is taken in the mounting. 
This I say in spite of what Prof. C. F. Baker says in his ar- 
ticle “On Mounting Minute Insects, Particularly Micro-Dip- 
tera,’ (2) in which he recommends gluing the specimens on 
cardboard points, arguing mainly from a technician’s view- 
point, that the various angles which the specimens may other- 
wise assume, ruins the appearance of the collection. My objec- 
tions to this and other methods mentioned in this paper of 
mine, are based upon experience in handling a great mass of 
material on all sorts of mounts. Regarding the objectionable 
features of the method above mentioned, the first and most 
important is the fact that one surface is always inaccessible 
for examination, and this surface may have the character 
of most value. If relaxing and remounting could be done, 
this factor would not be so objectionable. Then again in 
mounting with glue the legs which are often tightly folded may 
have to be spread for examination of the bristles, etc., and 
this is generally impossible on account of softening the mount- 
ing adhesive. Of course, if the adhesive used is soluble in 
water this factor is eliminated. .The other fault in question 
is that it is often the case when certain characters are to be 
examined, the large pin interferes with the line of vision. There 
still remains another fault which can be eliminated and that 
is the practice of picking the insect up with a moist point or 
brush in order to place it on the mount. Then again, the moist- 
ure from the mounting adhesive will often discolor the in- 
sect beyond recognition, thereby rendering the specimen 
worthless. I have in mind a case where a new species was 
practically based upon the discoloration caused by the stain 
resulting from the moisture in the adhesive used in mounting. 
In handling these small insects, I always use tweezers, picking 
them up by the wings or, secondly (rarely), by the legs, never, 
under any circumstances, touching the body with anything 
other than the point of the mounting pin. As emphasized in 


(2). Psyche, May 1897, pp. 63-64. 


10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan., "14 


my previous article, an excess of moisture is the greatest ene- 
my one has to guard against in handling these small insects. 

Another method which is also used, and although better than 
the one just discussed, has one of the former objections be- 
sides another, not so important, but still a factor to be con- 
sidered. I refer to the method of mounting the insect the 
usual way ona minute nadel which is, in turn, stuck into a 
piece of cork, pith, or similar substance, and this mounted on 
a standard pin, thus forming what is termed a secondary 
mount, the method to which Prof. Baker refers as being un- 
sightly. The first objection to this method is the necessity 
of handling the insect in the act of piercing it with the nadel, 
although this can be done to some satisfaction by placing the 
specimen on cloth or pith. The other objection is that the na- 
del in piercing the thorax will often depress or break the 
chitin and thereby destroy the normal position of an im- 
portant bristle or hair. 

The method I use also comes under the head of secondary 
mounting, but overcomes all the objections noted above. This 
I will try to explain as clearly as possible, and the process, al- 
though appearing long and complicated, is quite simple, and 
the satisfaction gained by having thoroughly practical mounts 
will offset any extra time spent. This method is practically 
the impaling of the insect upon the point of a nadel, which 

is supported by a cork, pith or blotting paper 
mount on a standard pin in the manner shown by 
the accompanying sketch. There are several 
ways in which this can be done and various kinds 
sue of supporting materials used, but I find that 
blotting paper is the most economical and looks 
neat. I generally prepare the slips of blotting- 
paper in quantity, using the thickest blotter I can 
find (40 pounds to the ream). A standard sheet 
will supply enough slips for a season’s collecting. 
These slips are cut 5 x 9 millimeters in size, on 
a photo-trimmer with the aid of a couple of 


NADELIN 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II 


gauges. The nadeln (I use the American Entomological Co.’s 
No. 216) are first arranged in a flat bottom tubular vial, whose 
diameter is less than the length of a nadel, with their points up. 
This can be done any time, and is to me the most tedious part 
of the entire proceedings. I throw two or three hundred upon a 
piece of white cardboard, which at once shows up the pointed 
ends, and with a pair of fine tweezers I pick each one up and 
drop it into the vial with its point up. The standard pin is No. 2, 
steel or hard brass, 39 millimeters long. The foregoing opera- 
tions are all preparatory and can be done in sufficient quantities 
to take care of the season’s collecting. Preparatory to the act- 
ual mounting a goodly number of slips must be pierced through 
one end by a nadel. Any quantity of these may be prepared, 
and are best arranged in series, sticking in a sheet of cork 
or pith. The nadeln are gotten out of the vial by inverting the 
latter against the thumb of the left hand and pinching a few 
of the nadeln between the thumb and index finger, and with 
the forceps each nadel is taken and stuck in a sheet of cork. 
After a goodly number are thus treated they are then pierced 
through the slips, and these are arranged as above suggested, 
thus completing all the operations preparatory to the actual 
mounting. The following equipment will be found necessary 
for rapid work; a pair of pinning forceps, a low power (1% 
inch focus) watchmaker’s eye lens with spring, a gauge, for 
making the slips of uniform height on the supporting pin (22 
millimeters up from the point), and a sheet of white bristol 
board or blotting-paper. 

The insects to be mounted are thrown, a few at a time, 
upon the white bristol board, a nadel with its accompanying 
slip is picked up with the forceps, and, with the aid of the 
magnifying glass, pierced through the side of the thorax, pref- 
erably the left side. A click will be heard as the nadel is pull- 
ed up, thus indicating that the point has passed through the 
thorax. Then, with the aid of the other hand, invert the slip 
and grasp the same with the forceps at the nadel end and pass 
a standard pin through the other end in the opposite direc- 


12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan.,."£3 


tion to that of the nadel, but not too close to the end. Refer- 
ence to the figure will more fully explain this. This finishes 
the actual mounting and by the use of the gauge, the slip can 
be run up on the large pin to the given distance, thus making 
uniform mounts. Finally, by the application of a drop of di- 
luted white shellac at the junction of the slip and the large 
pin, a very rigid mount is obtained, leaving the nadel free to 
turn, as 1s often necessary to present certain aspects for ex- 
amination. With relaxed specimens, after the same have 
been dried, a blotter should be used instead of the bristol 
board so that the point of the nadel can protrude further 
through the thorax. This will insure a more solid mount, as 
the body juices are not present to cement the specimen to the 
pin. 

These mounts have a very neat, uniform appearance, and 
the method, although seemingly rather complicated and 
lengthy, is very simple, and after a little practice becomes very 
easy, and one can mount as rapidly as with any other double- 
mounting method. This method insures as perfect specimens 
as is possible, and gives access to any surface for examination 
with a compound microscope, and although it has been used 
before, I do not see many examples in the collections I have 
examined. It should be used by all who mount small Diptera, 
and when one collects by sweeping, the material is often gath- 
ered in such large numbers that one needs a rapid and safe 
method for mounting the same. 


oe = 


Notes on the Phototropism of Certain Mosquitoes 
| (Dipt.). 
By Harry B. Wetss, New Brunswick, N. J. 
The different species of mosquitoes exhibit quite dissimilar 


reactions with regard to their avoidance of and attraction to 
sunlight. Some are apparently both equally positively and neg- 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 


atively phototropic, while others respond mainly only to one 
stimulus and again others are unequally positively and nega- 
tively phototropic. 

Culex pipiens, Culex aurifer, Culex canadensis, Culex syl- 
vestris, Culex salinarius, Anopheles maculipennis and Wyeom- 
yia smithii are negatively phototropic. They appear normally 
only at night. They are also slightly positively phototropic 
inasmuch as they are attracted to a certain extent by artificial 
light and the low intensities found at dusk. In other words 
these species are positively phototropic up to a certain inten- 
sity of light, when they become negatively phototropic. 

Near the close of the season impregnated females of 1- 
piens becomes strongly negatively phototropic and seek dark 
hibernation quarters in spite of the warm temperatures, which 
sometime prevail outside. Anopheles crucians, sometimes 
called the daylight mosquito, is positively phototropic up to 
the high intensity of light which occurs during the middle of 
the day. Anopheles punctipennis responds both negatively 
and positively, more so negatively. Its normal attraction is a 
low intensity. 

Culex sollicitans seems to be equally negatively and posi- 
tively phototropic, these tropic reactions evidently being de- 
pendent upon nutrition, as it is difficult to find a more blood- 
thirsty species. Culex perturbans is negatively phototropic 
and cantator positively, but not to the extent of sollicitans. 

Positive phototropism is most prevalent among the salt 
marsh forms, Culex sollicitans, Culex cantator and Culex 
taentorhynchus all actingly positively but Culex salinarius, 
which is also a salt marsh mosquito, responds negatively. 

Inasmuch as various factors influence phototropism, it 
might be supposed that the positive reactions of sollicitans, 
cantator and taeniorhynchus, all being biters of the first rank, 
are dependent upon their desire for food. Positive photo- 
tropism is not at all useful to mosquitoes inasmuch as it sub- 
jects them to attacks by their natural enemies. 


14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., a3 


The Effect of Temperature on the Molting of the 
Walking-stick, Diapheromera femorata Say 
(Orthop.). 


By Henry H. P. Severtn, Ph.D., Honorary Fellow, University 
of Wisconsin, and Harry C. Severtn, M.A., Professor 
of Entomology, South Dakota State College of 
Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 


In a recent paper we (1) called attention to the fact that of 
one hundred Diapheromera femorata reared under as nearly 
normal or field conditions as possible during June, July and 
August, the months during which the development of this 
Phasmid occurs in its natural habitat in Wisconsin, 23 per 
cent. molted four times, 76 per cent. five times, and only I 
per cent. six times. The suggestion was also made that “in 
all probability temperature plays an important role in the rate 
of development.” To determine with certainty what effect tem- 
perature has on the molting of this walking-stick, a number 
of experiments were performed. 

In order to compare the data obtained by rearing some of 
these insects under normal conditions with specimens bred 
under a temperature either higher or lower than field condi- 
tions, the following table containing the averages of the inter- 
vals or periods between molts (stages or stadia) and the total 
duration of the periods (post-embryonic development) of five 


TABLE I. 
AVERAGES IN DAYS OF THE STAGES BETWEEN MOLTS OF DIAPHERO- 
MERA FEMORATA REARED UNDER NEARLY FIELD CONDITIONS IN 
JUNE, JULY AND AUGUST. 


6 _ = _ al % ae 

Sale E 5 Bey eee Ss | §8s 
id BE i (ee 3 AMY te z Zo" 
Behe HT eC MM Moe 770 G laecrid ) 5b ae 
fof 4 12.6 | 7.6 Io 10.4 40.6 
2 4 13.8 | 9.4 9.6 8.6 41.4 
‘of 5 9.8 8 8.2 9.8 II 46.8 
(e 5 11.6 8.4 8.8 9.2 | 11.4 | 49.4 
£ 6 8 7 9 8 9 12 53 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 


males and five females which passed through four molts, of 
five males and five females which passed through five molts, 
and of one female which molted six times, is copied from a 
previous paper (1). 

Five specimens of Diapheromera femorata were reared at a 
high but not constant temperature. In this experiment, the 
walking-sticks were bred above a paraffine oven, the temper- 
ature in this region varying between 25 and 35 degrees C. 
The following table shows the interval, in days, between molts 
and the total duration of the stadia. 


ABLE TE 
STAGES IN DAYS BETWEEN MOLTS OF DIAPHEROMERA FEMORATA 
REARED UNDER A HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 25° TO 35° C. 


ES | ae RS a eee ae 
: pee | = leeds rete | 3. 
== 5 E Ee oieS | Cane ae, sue | ‘so 
esi ee | IS MRR a ea = | Sl cot al Agia: | = 
pee ech 2 | 2 |e | Sisal es° | & 
Ax Been | oO | tal of? | A 
May 4, 19101 f' | 5 | 7 | 7 6 |- on hs | 37  |June ro 
a “ 3 12 7 Io | 7 1s | 44 [wee 17 
— —/——_ | 
Averages S57 | 8 | 8 8 40 5 
| | | | 
momo iG: |i2 | 7 | 817 | 7. 7 |. 48. | “20 
omg e | 9 |S | 7 |6 | 7 | 9 | 46 |July x 
Averages 10.5| 7.5| 7-5| G37 | 8 47 
May 13, Ig1o| 2 6 |10 |10 7 | 7 7 9 50 Sete 
| | | 


A glance at the averages of the post-embryonic develop- 
ments in the following table shows that the male walking- 
sticks which passed through four molts under nearly normal! 
conditions required about the same amount of time (40.6 
days) as the male specimens which molted five times under a 
high temperature (40.5 days). Practically the same results 
were obtained with the male and female Phasmids which pass- 
ed through five molts under nearly normal conditions, and six 
molts under a high temperature (Table III). If the averages 
of corresponding stadia of the male individuals which molted 
four and five times under a nearly normal and a high tem- 


16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 13 


perature are compared in the following table, it is seen that 
the interval between molts is considerably shorter under a 
high temperature. The same is true, with two exceptions, of 
the male and female walking-sticks which passed through five 
molts under nearly normal conditions and six molts under a 
high temperature (Table III). 

One would not hesitate to conclude from these results that 
a high temperature shortens, on an average, the interval be- 
tween molts. 


TABLE III. 
AVERAGES IN DAYS OF THE STAGES BETWEEN MOLTS OF DIAPHERO- 
MERA FEMORATA REARED UNDER NEARLY NORMAL CONDITIONS 
AND A HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 25° TO 35° C. 


= 
E s 4 = = ree > > Fas 
, 3 E E z E E eg less 
Q, Ly ce Z £ BS = = |992% 
I y £= as) as) as) as) ae) Beh pe IE 
o S ec. s s s s = |32 
& nN | Ze a 7) n n a n es 
Normal| 3 | 4 12.6 7.6 IO 10.4 | 40.6 
High Coals 9.5 7 8 8 40.5 
Normal] o | 5 9.8 8 8.2 9.8 II 46.8 
High | o'| 6 | 10.5 7-5 7-5 6.5 8 | 47 
Normal| 2 | 5 11.6 8.4 8.8 9.2 11.4 49.4 
High QO! 6 Io IO 7 7 7 9 | 50 


De Sinéty (2) reared a walking-stick, Leptynia attenuata, 
at 30 degrees C. and found that, while the specimen completed 
its development more quickly under these conditions, yet the 
acceleration in development did not affect the interval between 
the four molts equally. He writes, “tandis que le premier est 
peu abrégé, le deuxiéme et le troisiéme le sont beaucoup et le 
quatrieme est allongé.” 

In another experiment, ten male and five female walking- 
sticks were reared during the somewhat colder months of 
April, May and the early part of June. The following table 
shows the interval between molts and the post-embryonic de- 
velopment of each group of walking-sticks, the grouping being 
made according to sex and the number of molts. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17 


If the averages of the post-embryonic developments of the 
male walking-sticks which molted five times under nearly nor- 
mal conditions are compared in the following table with those 
of the male specimens that passed through four molts while 
exposed to a low temperature, it will be seen that the former 


TABLE IV. 
STAGES IN DAYS BETWEEN MOLTS OF DIAPHEROMERA FEMORATA 
REARED DURING THE SOMEWHAT COLDER MONTHS OF APRIL, 
MAY AND THE EARLY PART OF JUNE. 


z Pees |S Pee aes 
wt 3 z E E E ge | ee¢| ws 
C5 Lu = = = 2 = gv | og 
Oe wy (e=| 3 al SI s a a Be | ie 
SAG gi38| s g E E Seipoee |) a 
Ax n|\Za| a n a n ae Q 
April 8, r910/ 3 | 4 | 14 12 10 14 50 | May 28 
5 pom oA. || TO Io 8 II Abe ihe eos 23 
eeEIee ee ce | AC | Td 8 8 16 46 SSL 
Seat Age tele 4- |: 12 fe) Io 14 46 30 
LG lc 4} 13 9 II 15 48 June 3 
Averages 13.8 9.8 9.4 | 14 47 
April 5, t910| G'| 5 | 15 9 8 I2 14 58 June 2 
nn LOsmeuanntse 15) || 1G fe) 9 II 1 59 8 
Se Tope SS eee ai ee 8 9 12 15 57 ae 7 
Sees Mico. | 1A IO 8 II 13 56 so 6 
TeasES why Rul ese lS lt LE 10 10 12 12 55 eet? 
Averages 13.8 9.4 S°Sh Prison lad 57 
April 9, r9t0o| 2 | 5 | 15 8 10 II 14 57 June 5 
as oe ae ie) 5 17 9 8 Io 14 58 “6 6 
PEO coe Ome | 17 9 8 12 2 S57, eS) 
a ey 5.1 24 9 8 13 13 57 eS 
em oeeme ON 58-1 T 9 10 12 II ie) WS ome 
Averages Th.) 16.8 | 8.8 | Ers6) |pr2:8 | 56.4 


required about the same amount of time (46.8 days) as the 
latter (47 days). The female, which under nearly normal 
conditions cast its skin six times, required 53 days to com- 
plete its post-embryonic development, while the females which 
molted five times, while kept in a cold temperature, required 


18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.,. 23 


50.8 days (Table V). A comparison of the averages of cor- 
responding stadia of the male and female Phasmids which 
were subjected to differences in temperature, shows that the 
interval between molts is longer on an average when the insects 
are kept in a cold temperature. It is evident, thus, that a low 
temperature lengthens, on an average, the interval between 
molts. 


TABEE.Y: 


AVERAGES IN DAYS OF THE STAGES BETWEEN MOLTS OF DIAPHERO- 
MERA FEMORATA REARED UNDER NEARLY NORMAL CONDITIONS 
IN JUNE, JULY AND AUGUST, AND IN THE SOMEWHAT COLDER 
MONTHS OF APRIL, MAY AND THE EARLY PART OF JUNE. 


5 % - = = 2 > S he 
ws re = c ue 
z Bel 8-- |) Sopa te. | 8 | ceed eee eae 
5 y £= as | | as as) as J |e 
o o Be $ = Bs s Sy Ss) lee 
& n | Za 7) n n n a H |ue 
Normal) {| 5 9.8 8 8.2 9.8 II 46.8 
Low fot 4 13.8 9.8 G-4~ | “14 47 
Normal) 9 6 8 7 9 Hie; on P< fe 
Low Q 5 14.8 8.8 8.8 11.6 12.8 56.8 


It is apparent that the effect of temperature on the dura- 
tion of the stages, and the influence of temperature in deter- 
mining the number of molts, are two entirely different prob- 
lems. To ascertain what effect temperature has on the number 
of molts that the walking-stick undergoes, the following table 
should be examined: 

An examination of Table VI shows that of the five speci- 
mens reared under the high temperature, three molted six 
times and not a single individual four times; also, of the fif- 
teen Phasmids that were kept at the low temperature, five 
molted four times, ten five times, and not a single specimen 
six times. While the number of Diapheromera kept at the low 
and high temperatures is not exceedingly large, still these re- 
sults show that a high temperature has a tendency to increase 
the number of molts, while a low temperature decreases thé 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 


number. In a previous paper (1) attention has already been 
called to the fact that “we have reared a number of Diaphero- 
mera which were hatched on the same day, fed with the same 
kind of food and kept in the same breeding cages throughout 
their entire life history under exactly the same kind of condi- 


EABEE VI. 


PER CENT. OF MALE AND FEMALE DIAPHEROMERA FEMORATA WHICH 
MOLTED FOUR, FIVE OR SIX TIMES UNDER THE DIFFERENT 


TEMPERATURES. 
2 
3 x) og x r= 
o he evo vo 
roy v i oF a O 
3 Ee Ege E 
e Ze Za 
High 25°-35° C. 5 25 40 
| 6 2 nE Se 60 
Normal 4 bs Wo te ts) - 23 
5 34 do, 42 9 76 
| 6 1Q I 
Low 4 Gs 33% 
5 Sic) aaa nen| 66% 


tions of temperature, and yet some specimens molted four 
times while others molted five times.’’ The effect of tempera- 
ture, therefore, does not alone explain these differences in 
the number of molts. 

Summary—A low temperature lengthens, while a high tem- 
perature shortens on an average the interval between molts. 
A low temperature has a tendency to decrease the number of 
molts, while a high temperature increases the number. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


1. Severin, H. H. P., and Severin, H. C., 1910. The Life History of 
the Walking-Stick, Diapheromera femorata Say. Jour. Econ. Ent. 
IV, No. 3, pp. 307-320. 

2. Sinéty, R. de, 1900. La mue chez les Phasmes du genre Leptynia 
[Orthopt.]. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. No. 11, pp. 195-7. 


20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan.,. 73 


Some New and Little-known Heteroptera from the 
Western United States. 


By J. R. DE LA TorRE BUENO, White Plains, N. Y. 


When Professor J. M. Aldrich made his Western trip last 
year to look for Packard’s Ephydra californica, he most kind- 
ly offered to endeavor to get me some specimens of Uhler’s 
Gerris robustus, originally described from Clear Lake, Cali- 
fornia. He was successful not only in his own particular 
quest, but also in securing the long-lost Gerris, and together 
with that a number of land forms which he most obligingly 
permitted me to work up for him. They follow with appro- 
priate comment. The species, it should be noted, are typically 
Western with two exceptions, viz: Harmostes reflexulus Say 
and Brochymena 4-pustulata Fabr. 


Notonecta indica Linné. 

A long series from Garfield, Utah, and Lake Elsinore, Cali- 
fornia, received through Prof. J. F. Abbott, who has the 
Corixas, and some labelled Smaller Soda Lake, Nevada. 
These are very interesting habitats, as the lakes are salt or 
alkaline, thus tending to show that Notonecta is not neces- 
sarily a fresh water insect. 


Acanthia xanthochila Fieb. 
Lake Elsinore, California; Soda Lakes, near Hazen, Pyra- 
mid Lake, and Winnemucca Lake, Nevada; Garfield, Utah. 
This is a most widespread species, and is practically Holarc- 
tic in its distribution. The twelve specimens taken at these 
various places are typical. 


Acanthia coriacea Uhler. 
Brigham, Utah. One specimen. 


Acanthia polita Uhler. 
Garfield, Utah. One example. 


Acanthia sp. (near saltatoria L.). 
Highland Springs Lake. Three specimens. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2i 


Gerris gillettei L. & S. 
=Limnotrechus productus Uhler. Hem. of Colo. 


One female specimen from Garfield, Utah, on brackish 
water. This agrees in every particular with the original de- 
scription and with the type in the collection of the Colorado 
Agricultural Experiment Station of Fort Collins, kindly loan- 
ed to me for study by Prof. C. P. Gillette. This is the first 
authentic record of the species since it was first described, and 
serves to establish its character as a good species. Its chief 
superficial character separating it from Gerris (Limnotrechus) 
marginatus Say, lies in the anal cerci, which in marginatus 
are short and comparatively stout, while in gillettei they are 
long, attaining the extremity of the abdomen and comparative- 
ly slender. 


Gerris robustus Uhler. 

Four apterous males and one female, and one winged male 
and one female, from Highland Springs, California. Prof. 
Aldrich writes thus about the locality: “The springs that give 
the name to the place come out a short distance from the sani- 
torium, and I ran down there with my net. There are per- 
haps twenty springs, all carbonated that I saw, and they make 
quite a little stream. On this there were a few skippers, and I 
got half a dozen, all short winged but large. These were all I 
could get for you. They were collected about ten miles from 
Clear Lake, and as near as I can remember they were the only 
skippers I saw on the trip.” 

It may be readily seen from the preceding that while not 
from the very place whence Uhler got his single female type, 
it was sufficiently near to act as a type locality, given the 
wide spread of the Gerrids, which are great travelers. The | 
winged female in structural characters agrees with Uhler’s 
description, but not so in color, as I shall explain more at 
length elsewhere. The species is a widespread Western form, 
which has come into my hands from various other sources. 
Several of the specimens had an alkaline crystalline accretion 


22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.; "43 


on the hind tibiae and tarsi, doubtless from the highly charged 
water on which they lived. 


Rasahus thoracicus. 
One specimen from Santa Monica, California. 


Zelus (Pindus) occiduus n. sp. 

Belongs in the sub-genus Pindus of Stal, which is charac- 
terized by the possession of four black spines on the thorax, 
two lateral and two on the disc. 

Differs from Zelus (Pindus) socius Uhler in having the 1st and 3d 
joints of the antennae subequal, the first a little over three times as 
long as the second, and the 3d somewhat less than three times the 
second. Proportion of antennal joints Ist: 2d: 3d:: 50: 16: 44. Third 
joint in male scarcely stouter than 2d and of even diameter through- 
out; not tapering. 

Rostrum reaching to anterior coxae; joint 2 five times as long as 
1 and more than six times as long as 3. Proportions: Ist joint: 2d: 
BAI ALBA) ay 

Hemelytra with the main corial vein whitish. 

Legs slender, femora thickened and slightly darker toward the distal 
end; femora of first pair of legs thickest and longest; of second pair, 
thinnest and shortest; hind femora intermediate in thickness and 
length. 

Proportions:—Anterior femora; middle: posterior:: 5.1 mm.-5.6 
mm.: 3.6 mm.-4 mm.: 5 mm.-5.4 mm. 

Head, length: 2.6-2.5 mm.; prothorax, 2.4-2.1 mnt; scutellum, 
I.2-I mm.; abdomen, length from tip of scutel; 6.8-6.4 mm.;_ total 
length, 13-12 mm.; greatest breadth (abdomen) 2.6-2.4 mm.; length: 
breadth: 5:1. 

Described from two males taken by Prof. J. M. Aldrich at 
Owen’s Lake, California, July 27, 1911. Cotypes in collec- 


tions of J. M. Aldrich and mine. 
Lygaeus reclivatus Uhler. 
Owen’s Lake, California, two specimens; Pyramid Lake, 
Nevada, one specimen. 
Lygaeus bicolor H. S. 
Santa Monica, California, three specimens. 


Largus convivus Stal. 
Santa Monica, California, two specimens. ‘ 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 


Harmostes reflexulus Say. 


Winnemucca Lake, Nevada, one specimen. 


Alydus setosus Van Duzee. 


Santa Monica, California, one specimen, apparently first 
record since the type. 


Anasa ? obliqua Uhl. 


Santa Monica, California, one specimen. 


Brochymena quadripustulata Fabr. 
One specimen from Brigham, Utah. 


Antigeny in Nearctic Butterflies (Lepid.). 
By Henry SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D. 


Antigeny has been defined as sexual dimorphism and it 
has the advantage of expressing the idea in one word. Many 
of our butterflies show marked differences in appearance be- 
tween the sexes, of a secondary sexual character, and while 
there have been many theories to account for these differ- 
ences, none of them appear to the writer to be very satis- 
factory or convincing. There is a great difference among the 
various species as to the degree or amount of antigeny shown. 
In some cases it is so great that the sexes of one species have 
not infrequently been described as totally different species 
and in other cases the differences between the sexes is slight 
or non-existent. 

Examples of marked antigeny are shown in Argynnis diana, 
Neophasia terlooti, Meganostoma eurydice, Pieris amaryllis, 
Colias christina, Papilio turnus, Pamphila zabulon and hobo- 
mok and others. If we include the Hesperidae about one sev- 
enth of the North American butterflies may be said to show 
antigeny. Whether these have any advantage in the struggle 
for existence or not, I will not discuss in this article. 

In the large genus Argynnis there are a number of antige- 
netic species . . . . diana, idalia, cybele, nokomis, leto, 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’13 


nitocris, polaris and alberta. Cybele is included because in 
some parts of its range the female is sometimes white or cream 
color but ordinarily the sexes are marked alike. There are 
no striking examples in Melitaea except that in palla there 
is a melanic female, as well as the tawny female. In Synchloe 
adjutrix there are two kinds of males and two kinds of fe- 
males, which were formerly known as different species. 
There are several good examples in the Satyridae. Debis 
creola has a number of velvety patches on the fore-wing in 
the male. Both sexes of Coenonympha haydeni were original- 
ly described from males, but there are marked differences in 
color between the sexes, so that they may be distinguished at 
a glance. Satyrus gabbi is another Satyrid showing sexual 


dimorphism. 
Thecla laeta is the most marked instance in its genus. In 
Lycaena there are a number of species . . . . heteronia, 


clara, fulla, pheres, antiacis, saépiolus, battoides, podarce, scud- 
deri, acmon, pseudargiolus, comyntas, isola, and others to a 
lesser degree. L. acmon is antigenetic, and a very closely re- 
lated species neurona is not. Until recently the two species 
have been confused. Which one has the advantage over the 
other? The females of newrona are alike in appearance, be- 
ing dark brown. In the genus Chrysophanus we have hel- 
loides, rubidus, sirius, arota, thoe, mariposa and zeroe, all show- 
ing antigeny. 

In the Pieridae are a number of examples, including Lep- 
talis melite, Neophasia terlooti, menapia, Pieris neumoegenti, 
amaryllis, monuste (often has a melanic female), Anthocharts 
genutia, Catopsilia spp. (which often have white females), Me- 
ganostoma caesonia, eurydice. Colias also shows antigeny in 
many species. Christina has a yellow and a white female and C. 
behri is also a good example of diversity. Perhaps the best 
example in Terias is mexicana. 

In Papilio are turnus, polyxenes, trotlus and philenor. 

Most of the Hesperidae are distinctly antigenetic, the males 
being of a bright color and also have a distinct stigma, brand 
or sex mark. Pamphila zabulon has the female dark brown and 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 


the male yellow and a close ally, hobomok, has two distinct 
forms of female. 

From these many antigenetic forms, a few have been select- 
ed and their remarkable difference has been said to have been 
brought about through mimicking another species which is 
said to be nauseous to birds. Mr. W. H. Edwards has written 
a very interesting account of Papilio turnus glaucus and it may 
be of moment to briefly refer to what he says of it. 

“Some unknown influence caused the black female form to 
appear as a distinct variety, and that, owing to some circum- 
stance, it thereby gained an advantage over its rival, which 
caused it finally to supplant the other.” There is one state- 
ment in the above that is not correct. The black female has 
not supplanted the other. There is also an assumption to 
which IJ take exception. Does anyone know which one appear- 
ed first and why? Many species have a black or blackish fe- 
male. Pamphila hobomok is the exact counterpart of turnus 
as regards trimorphism. Lycaena pseudargiolus presents an 
analogous condition, only reversed, as it has two kinds of 
males, a black one and a blue one. This is also true in a 
lesser degree of Colias philodice which rarely has a melanic 
male. Mr. Edwards impartially presents both sides of the ar- 
gument and my remarks are not in criticism of his article. 
I only use it as a text. He found no evidence that the heat 
of summer or the cold of winter exerts any influence in caus- 
ing one or the other form of the female. He also mentions 
the theory of protection due to the difference in color be- 
tween the females and thinks the gay color of the yellow fe- 
male makes it an easier prey of birds. He elaborates on the 
bird theory but in relation to this it is only necessary to say 
that the Biological Survey has examined fifty thousand bird 
stomachs and only found butterflies in five stomachs. No spe- 
cies of butterflies have been found in the stomachs of 
American “Flycatchers.” He further says “Papilio philenor 
has a strong disagreeable scent, and it has been suggested by 
Mr. Mead, that this rendering it distasteful to birds would 
serve to protect other black species flying with it.” The dis- 


26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’13 


agreeable scent of philenor is disputed by Scudder. It is in- 
teresting to know that Mr. Mead suggested this theory at 
that time. Mr. Edwards accounts for the scarcity of yellow 
females in West Virginia as due to the influence of birds. 

He also says, however, that the yellow females are more 
numerous than the black in Georgia and Florida. Attention 
is also called to the fact that in certain places in the moun- 
tains of the south the black females are not found. 

Jeheber* believes that glaucus is the result of the larva feed- 
ing on “diseased food, the leaves being sprinkled over with fine 
black spots and completely covered with a gummy substance.” 
While this seems unlikely it has not been disproved. 

Turnus is found from the Gulf of Mexico to the latitude 
of the Yukon River in Alaska and possibly still further north. 
If we consider the topomorph rutulus as the same species, and 
I believe it is, the species also flies from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific Ocean. The evidence in favor of glaucus being brought 
about by mimicry is almost nil, while the evidence against it 
is very considerable. The species swarms in countless thou- 
sands in the north where glaucus does not exist. In early 
July along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in On- 
tario, I have seen the species in immense numbers, far more 
plentiful than I have ever observed it in the south where 
glaucus is found. The species shows a remarkable instance 
of trimorphism, but there are a number of cases of like char- 
acter in butterflies and other insects. 

As mentioned above Pamphila hobomok is an exact counter- 
part of turnus in this respect. The male is tawny and there 
is a female like the male in appearance and another female that 
is black or dark brown, and analogous to the dimorphic glaucus. 
There is still another remarkable example of antigeny in Ly- 
caena pseudargiolus, but in this case the males are different in 
appearance, the one being blue and the other black. This is 
the only instance I recall of the males being dimorphic unless 
it be in the black male of Colias philodice that rarely occurs. 


*Fint. News. Vol. 16, p. III, 1905. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 


Strange to say the black male of pseudargiolus is found in about 
the same territory as glaucus and this would make one think 
that it was also climatic in origin. The comparative absence 
of glaucus in the mountains and also north of latitude 43 would 
also indicate a climatic influence. 

What is the cause of the extraordinary antigeny seen in 
Neophasia terlooti? The male in this species is white and the 
female orange. The female of the species was once sent to me 
as a “little Danais” and it really looks like one. Here would 
be a good opportunity to build up a mimicry theory. Who 
can tell the true meaning of antigeny among insects? There 
has not been put forth a single explanation that has stood any 
logical analysis. In regard to the black male of Lycaena pseu- 
dargiolus one would think that if it were produced by mimicry 
and so wonderfully protected that it would be more plentiful 
in the range of the species where it is found. 

If the mimetic origin of antigenetic species accounts for 
them it would seem logical to think that in time all species will 
become dimorphic. At present, however, I see no reason for 
believing that the antigenetic species have any advantage over 
those having similar appearing sexes. The females are pro- 
tected by the great difference of habit in many of them. This 
is shown in Ornithoptera brookeana, in many species of Ar- 
gynnis, and in other butterflies. This is also well illustrated 
in our collections where the males of species of butterflies 
greatly outnumber the females. This comes from the differ- 
ence in habit of the females. Is it logically correct to build up 
mimicry theories to explain antigeny in a few butterflies and 
ignore equally as well marked cases of antigeny in other 
species ? 


Change of Address. 

Prof. C. F. Baker, of the Department of Biology of Pomona College, 
has resigned to accept a professorship in the University of the Phil- 
ippines. He will be located at the College of Agriculture Los Banos, 
Philippine Islands. He is accompanied by his Cuban collector, Julian 
Valdez. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


{The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank- 
fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. 
The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of 
cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


TO CONTRIBUTORS.—AIl contributions will be considered and passed 
upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published 
according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached 
a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces- 
sary to put ‘“‘copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, four 
weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special 
or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras,’’ without 
change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are 
wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated 
on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will 
be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested.—Ed. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, I9QI3. 


As the New Year opens and the winter season gives some 
respite from field work, and perhaps some leisure to think over 
plans for the future, some of our readers may find helpful 
suggestions in the following sentences, even though now nearly 
two years old, from Professor Gerould: 


A rich field for conquest awaits any one who chooses to leave the 
beaten tracks of entomology and scout among the fastnesses of ex- 
perimental evolution. When one considers the remarkable results 
that have been accomplished single-handed by such observers as Stand- 
fuss, Tower, Doncaster and T. H. Morgan, not to mention many 
others, the possibilities achieved in this field if the huge army of ob- 
servers already interested in insects should attack in an organized 
way the problems of variation, the inheritance of acquired characters, 
mutation and natural selection, polymorphism and sex, mimicry and 
protective resemblance, can hardly be overestimated. Desultory ob- 
servations of the strolling naturalist will not help much in this con- 
quest, but long-continued breeding of carefully selected strains under 
well-controlled conditions cannot fail to win valuable results. 

Entomological societies and journals of the future, in order to con- 
tribute effectively to the real advancement of science should organize 
co-operative plans of research along these lines and enlist the services 
of the countless observers whose random notes now fill their ar- 
chives.— (Science, February 24, I9II, page 310). 


28 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 


Those who make use of the Entomological Literature will 
notice a few changes which the compilers thought to be ad- 
vantageous. Beginning with this issue, papers treating of the 
Arachnida and Myriopoda will be included, and further, the 
papers of a purely or partially systematic nature will be group- 
ed separately at the end of their respective classes or orders. 
These changes, we hope, will be to the advantage of those who 
have use for this section of our journal. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


Color of Hemiptera. 

The bright coloration of most Hemiptera is due to a fatty tissue 
known as pseudovitellus, and this tissue invades the developing egg 
at an early stage of maturation... . Dr. Buchner, “Studien an 
intracellularen Symbionten” (part 1., Archiv f. Protistenkunde, vol. 
XXvVi, 1912), has taken up the detailed study of the range and nature 
of this form of symbiosis, and he gives a very interesting and well- 
illustrated account of his recherches. (Nature, Oct. 17, 1912, p. 197.) 


The Insects’ Homer. 

Under the heading of the “Insects’ Homer” Mr. Maurice Maeter- 
linck directs attention in the September issue of The Fortnightly Review 
to a little-known work by J. H. Fabre, in ten volumes, entitled “Sou- 
venirs entomologiques.” . . . In these volumes, from which copius 
extracts are given, Fabre recorded the results of fifty years of obser- 
vations, study and experiment on a number of insects, including wasps 
and wild bees, certain gnats, flies, beetles, and caterpillars. 

(Nature, Oct. 17. 1912, p. 196) 


Caterpillars and the Weather. 

[The Entomologist of the Utah Agricultural College Experiment 
Station, Mr. E. G. Titus, sends the copy of the following letter re- 
ceived in his Station correspondence. ] 

“7 Nov. 1912. I would like to know if in your opinion the presence 
of a very unusual number of caterpillars this fall has any bearing on 
the weather, either past or future. 

We have had a cold and wet spring and an early and wet fall here 
this year. Do you think the presence of caterpillars is beneficial or 
detrimental to the soil? G, M.” 


30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.,, "1g 


Feltia venerabilis arida n. subsp. (Lepidop.) 

Male differs from typical venerabilis by the very white patagia, 
contrasting with the dark collar; yellowish-white abdomen; creamy- 
white ground color of anterior wings, the dark markings contrasting; 
and the white hind wings. Holland’s figure 26, pl. XXII. in the 
Moth Book, is an approach to arida, agreeing in the general color of 
the wings, but our moth is paler, and the abdomen and collar differ. 
The type of arida from Boulder, Colorado, end of September, 1912, 
has been placed in the U. S. National Museum—T. D. A. CocKERELL. 


Entomological Literature. 
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. 
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all 
dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those 
appearing in the January and February issues, which are generally dated 
the year previous. 

The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each 
Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. 

For record of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 


4—The Canadian Entomologist. %—Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. 
7—U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 8— 
The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 9—The Ento- 
mologist, London. 10—Nature, London. 11—Annals and Maga- 
zine of Natural History, London. 22—Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leip- 
zig. 85—Annales, Societe Entomologique de Belgique. 87—Le 
Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 88—Wiener Entomologische Zei- 
tung. 40—Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 46—Taijdschrift voor 
Entomologie. 79—La Nature, Paris. 84—Entomologische Rund- 
schau. 89% —Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 97—Zeitschrift fur wis- 
senschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 109—Proceedings, Royal Society 
of Queensland, Brisbane. 119—Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Ber- 
lin. 159—Bollettino; Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agraria 
cella R. S. Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici. 166—Internationale 
Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 175—Aus der Natur, Berlin. 
190—Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” Dresden. 193— 
Entomologische Blatter, Cassel. 198—Biological Bulletin, Marine 
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 211—Popular Science 
Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 217—Bulletin, Societe Entomologique 


Vol. xxiv] “ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 


d’Egypte. 220—New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New 
Brunswick. 223—Broteria, Revista de Sciencias Naturaes do Col- 
legio de S. Fiel. (Ser. Zoologica). 238—Annales, Sociedad Cienti- 
fica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 240—Maine Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station, Orono. 244—Zeitschrift, Induktive Abstammungs 
und Vererbungslehre, Berlin. 273—Proceedings, Royal Physical 
Society...., Edinburgh. 276—Bulletin, Societe Lepidopterologique 
de Geneve. 324—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge, Mass. 
364—Biologica, Journal Scientifique du Medecin, Paris. 865—Col- 
lections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Lonchamps, Bru- 
xelles. 368—The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of 
Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 3869—Entomologische Mitteilungen, 
Berlin-Dahlen. 381—Experiment Station Record, Washington, D. 
C. $399—Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 
Cambridge, England. 400—Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien, 
Berlin. 401—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British 
Museum, London. 402—University of California Publications in 
Zoology, Berkeley, Cal. 403—Country-Side, a Monthly Magazine 
Devoted to Nature, London. 404—Report of the Quebec Society 
for the Protection of Plants. 405—University of Toronto Studies, 
Biological Series. 406—Boletin del Museo Nacional de Chile, San- 
tiago de Chile. 407—Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 
408—Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture Experimental 
Farms, Division of Entomology, Ottawa. 

GENERAL SUBJECT. Amans, Dr—En flanant, Causeries 
d’aviation, 79, xl, 386-390. Anon.—Economic entomology, 381, 
XXVii, 355-361, 452-460. Anon.—Kurzer bericht ueber den verlauf 
des 6. Sachsischen entomologentages in Chemnitz, 84, xxix, 134. 
Anon.—Myases et resistance des mouches. La respiration des in- 
sectes. La cigale de 17 ans, 364, ii, 314-316. Aulmann, G.—Die 
schadlinge der kulturpflanzen. Heft 4. Die schadlinge der baum- 
wolle, 400, v, 1-166. Bervoets, R.—Note preliminaire sur le vol 
des insectes, 35, lvi, 348-350. Braun, M.—Das mitteldarmepithel 
der insektenlarven wahrend der hautung, 97, ciii, 115-169. Brocher, 
F.—Recherches sur la respiration des insectes aquatiques (imagos), 
Nepe, Hydrophile, Notonecte, Dyticides, Haemonia, Elmides, 407, 
XXvii, 91-93 (cont.). Brues, C. T.—Insects as agents in the spread 
of disease, 211, Ixxxi, 537-550. Courvorsier, L. G.—Einige gedan- 
ken ueber typen, stammformen, varietaeten, subspezies, rassen und 
aberrationen, 369, i, 354-363. Daugherty & Daugherty.—Principles 
of economic Zoology. W. B. Saunders Co., Phila., 1912, 410 pp. 
Fraser, W. P:—The economic importance of land birds, 404, iv, 
44-55. Fyles, T. W.—Our insect and other allies, 404, iv, 28-32. 
Glaser, R. W.—A contribution to our knowledge of the function of 


32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., °13 


the oenocytes of insects, 198, xxiii, 213-224. Hewitt, C. G—The 
international congress of entomology, 4, 1912, 343-346. Hoffmann, 
¥.—Ein empfehlenswerter billiger zuchtapparat fur winterzuchter, 
84, xxix, 137-138. Lochhead, W.—Insects injurious to farm, garden 
and orchard crops, 404, iv, 71-95. L. C. M—The biology of the 
fig-tree and its insect guests, 10, xc, 310-311. McFarland, J.— 
Biology: general and medical. W. B. Saunders Co., Phila., 1910, 
440 pp. Morley, C.—The cause of “humming in the air,’ 8, 1912, 
259-262. Popenoe, C. H.—Insects injurious to mushrooms, 7, Cire. 
155, 10 pp. Sanderson & Jackson.—Elementary Entomology. Ginn 
& Co., 1912, 372 pp. Steche, O.—Die “sekundaren” geschlechts- 
charaktere der insekten und das problem der vererbung des ge- 
schlechts, 244, vii, 284-291. Turner, C. H.—Literature for 1911 
on the behavior of spiders and insects other than ants, 824, ii, 380- 
599. Weiss & Patterson.—Nursery insects, 220, Circ. 15, 29 pp. 


Meyrick, E.—On impossible specific names, 8, 1912, 253-255. 

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Foa, A.—Movimenti degli ovidotti e con- 
seguente metabolia delle uova negli Acaridi, 22, xl, 341-345. Har- 
vey, W.—Book scorpions in captivity, 408, iv, 432-438. Ivanic, M. 
—Ueber die lungenentwicklung bei dipneumonen araneinen, 22, 
x1, 283-289. 

MYRIOPODA. Porter, C. E.—Introduccon al esludio de los 
miriopodos: 1. Catalogo de las especies chilenas, 406, iv, 16-68. 
Catalogo de las especies espuestas al publico en la seccion de 
invertebrados (escliudos los insectos) del museo nacional, 406, 
iv, 110-113 (cont.). 

APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Campion, F. W. & H.—The 
feeding habits of scorpion-flies (Panorpidae), 9, 1912, 321-322. 
Roy, E.—La ponte des libellules, 37, xxxix, 49-52. Russell, H. M. 
—The bean thrips (Heliothrips fasciatus), 7, Bul. 118, 49 pp. 


Evans, W.—Note on Mallophaga from the Little Auk or Rotchie 
(Alle alle) with list of species taken on birds and mammals in 
the Forth area, 278, xviii, 265-276. Navas, L._Neuropteros nuevos 
de America (cont.). Ascalafidos Sudamericanos, 228, x, 194-233. 
Ris, F.—Libellulinen 6. Catalogue systematique et descriptif, 365, 
Fasc. xiv, 701-836. Silvestri, F—Nuovi generi e nuove specie di 
Campodeidae (Thysanura) dell’America settentrionale, 159, vi, 25. 
Tisanuri finora moti del Messico, 159, vi. 204-221. Walker, 
E. M.—The No. American dragon flies of the genus “Aeshna,” 
405, No. 11, 213 pp. 

ORTHOPTERA. Brindley, H. H.—The proportions of the 
sexes in “Forficula auricularia,” 399, xvi, 674-679. Bryant, H. C. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 


—Birds in relation to a grasshopper outbreak in California, 402, 
xi, 1-20. Glaser, R. W.—Note on a pink locustid, 5, xix, 159. 
Guerin, R.—Procede biologique de destruction des sauterelles, 79, 
xl, 341-343. Karny, H.—Ueber die reduktion der flugorgane bei 
den O. Ein beitrag zu Dollo’s Irreversibilitatsgesetz, 89, xxxill, . 
27-40. Regen, J.—Experimentelle untersuchungen ueber das ge- 
hor von “Liogryllus campestris,” 22, xl, 305-316. Caudell, A. N.— 
Notes on the mantid genus “Gonatista,” 5, xix, 160-162. 
HEMIPTERA. Chapais, J. C—The New York plum scale 
(Lecanium cerasifex) in Quebec, 404, iv, 60-63. Klodnitski, I,— 
Beitrage zur kenntnis des generationswechsels bei einigen Aphi- 
didae, 89, xxxili, 445-520. Mann, W. M.—A protective adaptation 
in a Brazilian membracid, 5, xix, 145-147. Patch, E. M.—(See be- 


low.) 


Breddin, G—Zwei neue neotropische Pentatomiden-gattungen, 
119, Abt. A, H. 6, 90-93. Hemiptera tria Neotropica, 369, i, 351- 
354. Patch, E. M.—ElIm leaf curl and woolly apple aphid (Schi- 
zoneura americana and lanigera), 240, Bul. 203, 236-258. Sasscer, 
E. R.—Catalogue of recently described Coccidae—IV, 7, Tech. 
Ser. 16, 83-97. Wan Duzee, E. P.—Synonymy of the Provancher 
collection of Hemiptera, 4, 1912, 317-329. 

LEPIDOPTERA. Andres, A.—Note sur un ravageur de la noix 
du Cotonnier (Gelechia gossypiella) nouveau pour l’Egypte,. 217, 
1911, 119-123. Dewitz, J~-Ueber die entstehung der farbe der 
kokons gewisser L. (Lasiocampa quercus), 22, xl, 396-399. Don- 
caster, L.—The chromosomes in the oogenesis and spermatogene- 
sis of “Pieris brassicae” and in the oogenesis of “Abraxas grossu- 
lariata,” 407, ii, 189-200. Edelsten, H. M.—Notes on the life-his- 
tories of “Tapinostola concolor” and “T. hellmanni,” 9, 1912, 285- 
287. Hudson, G. V.—Notes on semi-apterous females in certain 
species of L., with an attempted explanation, 8, 1912, 269-272. 
Hyslop, J. A—The alfalfa looper (Autographa gamma californica) 
in the pacific northwest, 7, Bul. 95, 109-118. Kopec, S.—Ueber 
die funktionen des nervensystems der schmetterlinge wahrend der 
successiven stadien ihrer metamorphose, 22, xl, 353-360. Linstow, 
Prof.—Zur anatomie und physiologie der puppen unserer macro- 
lepidopteren, 166, vi, 199-200 (cont.). Lochhead, W.—The brown- 
tail moth (a pest threatening Quebec), 404, iv, 33-34. Pictet, A.— 
Rechercher sur le nombre de mues subies par les chenilles de 
“Lasiocampa quercus,” 276, ii, 80-89. La variation des L. par 
melanisme et albinisme des differentes parties de l’aile, 276, ii, 
104-141. Schulze, P.—Eine tagfalterraupe mit pedes spurii coro- 
nati, 22, xl, 293-294. 


34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.;) 713 


Cockerell, T. D. A.—Notes on Seitz’s ‘““Macrolepidoptera of the 
World,” 9, 1912, 322-323. Courvoisier, Dr—Zur nomenklatur der 
“Lycaena Argus” gruppe, 166, vi, 213-215 (cont.). Giacomelli, E. 
—Lepidopteros Riojanos nuevos o poco conocidos, 288, Ixxii, 
19-40. Hampson, G. F.—Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the col- 
lection of the British Museum, 401, xi, 689 pp. Reverdin, J. L.— 
Notes sur le genre “Hesperia,” 276, ii, 141-172. Schaus, W.—New 
species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—XVIII, 11, x, 509-532. 
Schrottky, C.—Zwei neue Syntomiden von Nord-Argentinien, 190, 
1912, 166. Winn, A. F.—A preliminary list of the insects of the 
province of Quebec, 404, Suppl. to IV, 103 pp. Woodworth, C. W. 
—Check list of California insects, III. L. (continued), 368, i, 914- 
919. 

DIPTERA. Colledge, W. R.—Notes on a brush-tongued mos- 
quito (of Queensland), 109, xxiii, 121-190. Compere, G—A few 
facts concerning the fruit flies of the world, 368, i, 842-845, 907- 
911. Hetschko, A.—Biologisches ueber ‘““Apistomyia elegans,” 38, 
xxxi, 305-307. Die metamorphose von “Liponeura cinerascens,” 
38, xxxi, 319-325. Morgan, T. H.—A modification of the sex ratio, 
and other ratios, in Drosophila thru linkage, 244 vii, 323-345. 
Paine, J. H.—The yellow currant fly or gooseberry fruit fly 
(Epochra canadensis), 5, xix, 139-144. The house fly in its relation 
to city garbage, 5, xix, 156-159. Rennie, J—Note upon a Tachinid 
parasite (Bucentes geniculatus) of “Tipula sp.,” 278, xviii, 231- 
234. Wesche, W.—The phylogeny of the nemocera, with notes on 
the leg bristles, hairs and certain mouth glands of Diptera, 198, 
Xxili, 250-270. 


Alexander, C. P.—New sp. of “Furcomyia” (Tipulidae), 4, 1912, 
333-343. Enderlein, G—Ueber die gruppierung der Sciariden und 
Scatopsiden, 22, xl, 261-282. Johnson, C. W.—New and interesting 
D., 5, xix, 151-153. Kieffer, J. J—Description de quatre nou- 
veaux insectes exotiques, 159, vi, 171-175. de Meijere, J. C. H.— 
Neue beitrage zur kenntnis der Conopiden, 46, lv, 184-207. 

COLEOPTERA. Blunck, H.—Das geschlechtsleben des “Dy- 
tiscus marginalis.’’ Die begattung, 97, cii, 169-248. Chittenden, 
F. H.—The cowpea weevil (Pachymerus chinensis), 7, Bul. 96, 
83-94. Hochreuther, R.—Die hautsinnesorgane von “Dytiscus mar- 
ginalis,’ ihr bau und ihre verbreitung am korper, 97, ciii, 1-114. 
Kern, P.—Ueber die fortpflanzung und eibildung bei einigen Cara- 
ben, 22, xl, 345-351. Krizenecky, J—Zur kenntnis der regenera- 
tionsfahigkeit der puppenflugelanlagen von “Tenebrio molitor” 
und einige bemerkungen...., 22, xl, 360-369. Ueber die einwirkung 
des allseitigen druckes bei der puppenentwicklung von “Tenebrio 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 


molitor,” 198, viii, 255-261 (cont.). Urban, C.—Zur lebensgeschichte 
des “Anthocomus rufus,” 3869, i, 331-338. 


Bickhardt, H.—Neue Histeriden, 46, lv, 217-233. Blatchley, W. 
S.—On some undescribed forms of Florida C., 4, 1912, 330-332. 
Frost, C. A.—Variations of “Orsodachna atra,” 5, xix, 153-156. 
Heller, K. M.—Faunistische und systematische notizen ueber rus- 
selkafer, 369, i, 364-365 (cont.). Nunenmacher, F. W.—Studies 
amongst the Coccinellidae, No. 3 (taken by the Stanford Expe- 
dition to Brazil, 1911), 5, xix, 149-151. Pic, M.—Coleopterorum 
catalogus, Pars 48: Anobiidae, 92 pp. Schaeffer, C.—The species 
of the coleopterous family Temnochilidae collected on the Stan- 
ford Expedition to Brazil, 1911, 5, xix, 147-149. Sicard, Dr.—De- 
scriptions d’especes et varietes nouvelles de Coccinellides de la 
collection du Deutsches Entomologisches Museum de Berlin-Dah- 
len, 119, Abt. A, H. 6, 129-138. 

HYMENOPTERA. Casteel, D. B.—The manipulation of the 
wax scales of the honey bee, 7, Circ. 161, 13 pp. Essig, E. O.— 
The raspberry horn-tail (Hartigia abdominalis), 368, i, 889-901. 
Hewitt, C. G—The large larch sawfly (Nematus erichsonii), 408, 
Bul. 10, 42 pp. Lochhead, W.—Bees as friends of the agriculturist, 
404, iv, 64-70. L. C. M.—New observations on bumble-bees, 10, 
xc, 252. Mann, W. M.—Literature for 1911 on the behavior of ants 
and myrmecophiles, 324, ii, 400-420. de Meijere, J. C. H.—Ueber 
in Equisetum parasitierende insekten, “Dolerus palustris” and “Ba- 
gous claudicans,” 46, iv, 208-216. Zander, E.—Die biologische eigen- 
art der honigbiene, 175, ix, 115-122. 


Cockerell, T. D. A—Descriptions and records of bees—XLVII, 
11, x, 484-494. Enslin, E—Ueber “Tenthredo (Allantus) albi- 
ventris und trivittata,”’ sowie ueber einige namensanderungen bei 
“Tenthredo” und “Tenthredella,’ 119, Abt. A, H. 6, 101-105. 
Friese, H.—Neue und wenig bekannte bienenarten der neotropi- 
schen region, 119, Abt. A, H. 6, 198-226. Meade-Waldo, G.— 
Notes on the Apidae in the collection of the British Museum, with 
descriptions of new species, 11, x, 461-478. Morley, C.—A revision 
of the Ichneumonidae based on the collection in the Br. Museum. 
Pt. I: Ophionides & Metopiides, 88 pp. Schmiedeknecht, O.— 
Opuscula ichneumonologica, Tryphoninae, Fasc. xxxii, 2483-2562. 
Strand, E.—Ueber exotische schlupfwespen, 119, Abt. A, Heft 6, 
24-75. 


REVIEWS. 
The long-expected SprpER Book by J. H. Comstock appears as one 
of Doubleday and Page’s series of popular Natural History books, 


36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan: “a2 


best known to entomologists by the Butterfly Book of W. J. Holland. 
In convenient size and at moderate price it well fills the place of the 
scarce and expensive work of McCook, published twenty years ago. 
The first chapters, occupying about one-eighth of the book, treat of 
Arachnida in general and their relations to other Arthropoda, fol- 
lowed by an account of the orders of segmented Arachnida and the 
Mites. The remainder of the book is devoted to the Araneida or 
Spiders proper. About a hundred pages are occupied with anatomy 
and general habits illustrated by instructive diagrams and detailed 
figures of internal organs and external parts. 

A new study has been made of the male palpi which furnishes a 
useful key to the complications of these peculiar organs. Beginning 
with Filistata and Eurypelma which have a simple bulb on the end 
of the palpus terminating in a short tube, it passes to Atypus and 
Pachygnatha in which the tube is accompanied by an appendage lying 
parallel to it, and from these to the complicated palpi of Linyphia 
and Epeira. In the latter the terminal joint of the palpus is modified 
into a hollow “cymbium” in which the palpal organ is partly enclosed 
with sometimes a “paracymbium” often of characteristic form, articu- 
lated at one side. The palpal organ is here shown to consist of basal, 
middle and apical divisions each of which may develop chitinous ap- 
pendages. The illustrations and system of names furnish means for 
comparing palpi of different species and in different conditions. In 
these studies of details the palpi were expanded and made transparent 
by well known methods, but it is hoped the reader will not be led to 
the conclusion that all palpi need to be prepared in this way for 
ordinary comparison. 

A feature of the book is the abundance of photographic illustrations 
both of spiders themselves and of their webs, especially the round 
webs and those of the Cribellata. Particularly good are the webs of 
Theridiosoma and of Epeira labyrinthea and the enlarged threads of 
Epeira, Amaurobius and Filistata. The webs of Linyphia and Theri- 
dium are less successful but there are several good ones of Agalena 
and Tegenaria. The spiders were photographed from life or were 
killed by cyanide and then spread and photographed as soon as pos- 
sible. Some of the most successful are Herpyllus ecclesiasticus p. 318, 
Gnaphosa gigantea on its egg cocoon p. 321, Aranea frondosa pp. 488 
and 485, Aranea nordmanni p. 471, and Argiope aurantia p. 435. The 
sea of gossamer, p. 216, and the webs of Linyphia litigiosa p. 303, show 
the beautiful effects of large quantities of spider webs in the land- 
scape. Plates have been entirely avoided and all the illustrations are 
distributed through the book as near as possible to the text to which 
they refer. 

In a book intended for popular use, one of the things most to be 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 


desired is a simple and intelligible classification, but here the author 
has not been able to restrain his enjoyment in the complicated and 
unusual. In the genus Argiope, for example, we have three closely 
related species and these are described under three different generic 
names while all come into the subfamily, Argiopinae. The family 
Argiopidae includes tthe Epeiridae in general, and the superfamily 
Argiopoidea all the spiders except the Aviculariidae. Even our few 
English names do not escape change, for “the garden spider,” long 
a nickname of Epeira diademata, is here applied to Argiope. There is 
also an unfortunate tendency to abandon names long in common use 
and to substitute names that are older but less certain. Dictyna 
volupis, for example, is replaced by Dictyna foliacea Hertz which may 
be any one of several species. So the familiar Epeira insularis is 
replaced by Aranea gigas conspicellata. Tables are used to a large 
extent as keys to the classification and here also the tendency is to- 
ward the complex and difficult. In the general table the reader is 
brought at once to such questions as whether a spider has two or 
four lungs, whether it has a cribellum and calamistrum or not, and 
whether it has two or three claws on the feet. In the descriptions 
of species a large amount of space is given to peculiarities of struc- 
ture and habits and to nests, webs and cocoons with plently of illu- 
strations a large part of them new and nearly all good. 

References are given to other publications on American spiders of 
which there is a list covering seven pages at the end of the book— 


J. H.E. 


A PRELIMINARY List oF THE INSECTS OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. 
Part 1—Lepidoptera. By Atpert F. Winn, Westmount. Pub- 
ished as a Supplement to the Report of the Quebec Society for 
the Protection of Plants. 1912. 

This paper consists of 103 pages and Dr. J. B. Smith’s New Jersey 
List was adopted as a model. The distribution and date of capture 
are given and in some cases the species are illustrated. It is a useful 
contribution to our knowledge of distribution—H. S. 


Injurious Insects: How ‘to ReEcocnizE AND Contro, THEM. By 
Water C. O’Kane, Entomologist to the New Hampshire Ex- 
periment Station and Professor of Economic Entomology in New 
Hampshire College. The Macmillan Company, New York. Price 
$2.00 net. 

This work contains 379 pages and 606 figures of insects of which 

600 figures are stated to be original. This is really a very remarkable 

feature of the book after one has been accustomed to seeing the same 


38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ fan, -"a2 


old cuts from the time of the father of economic entomology. Another 
excellent feature is that in many instances the size of the insect is given. 
Often in such works the novice has no way of telling how big the 
insect is that he sees figured. Another useful feature is the reference 
to the full reports on the species mentioned. The insect pests are 
divided into three groups. 1. Pests of garden and field crops; including 
all injurious species found on such plants as corn, potatoes, cucumbers, 
wheat, squashes and the like, also greenhouse pests. 2. Pests of or- 
chards and small fruits, currants and similar bush fruits, and straw- 
berries or other low-growing plants, usually designated as fruits. 3. 
Pests of the household, of stored products, and of domestic animals. 
These comprise the common injurious species that do not feed on liy- 
ing plants. There are chapters on structure, habits and classification; 
insects as carriers of disease; methods of insect control. The work is 
one that will undoubtedly prove of use to those who have need for 
such a book. The arrangement should make it possible for the novice 
to find the insect doing the damage, especially in view of the fact that 
so many species are illustrated—H. S. 


~<>— 


Doings of Societies. 
THE PACIFIC COAST, ENTOMOLOGICAL. SOCI=I# 


The forty-first regular meeting of the Society was held on 
the evening of August 19, 1911, at the Yoke Point Grill, San 
Francisco. 

President Van Dyke in the chair. —Twelve members and five 
guests were present. The annual election of officers took 
place with the following results: President, Dr. E. C. Van 
Dyke; Vice-President, J. E. Cottle; Secretary and Treasurer, 
Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. 

Mr. Ehrhorn stated that Mr. Koebele was in Germany work- 
ing on the horn fly problem. A communication was read from 
Mr. L. E. Ricksecker. President Van Dyke made some re- 
marks on Le Conte’s collecting trip to the Pacific Coast and 
his work about Vallecitos. 

Mr. J. C. Bridwell stated that Prof. Herms was traveling 
in Europe, visiting collections and studying parasites. 

President Van Dyke spoke about the list of butterflies of 
the San Francisco Peninsula published by Mr. F. X. Wil- 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 


liams, and expressed a wish to have the lepidopterists continue 
it and include the entire order. He stated that the coleopter- 
ists were getting data together for a list of the entire Bay Re- 
gion, a thing that he felt would be of much value. He also 
referred to the visit of Professors Wickham and Aldrich to 
this coast. Prof. Aldrich visited the several saline and fresh 
water lakes in Utah, Nevada and California, studying the in- 
sects which inhabit them, especially a genus of Diptera, Ephy- 
dra. The doctor stated that Mr. Wm. Mann at last accounts 
was still investigating in the barren regions of Brazil, south 
of the Amazon, and that he was contemplating a trip up the 
Amazon. 

The members of the Society were pleased at having Mr. 
J. G. Grundel again present and recovered from his recent 
illness. 

Mr. Chas. Fuchs reported his summer outing at St. Helena, 
Napa County, Calif. Mr. Cottle gave an account of his trip 
to the Yosemite. He stated that conditions were very unfav- 
orable there and that snow was very abundant in June. A 
number of goods things were captured on Cloud’s Rest, such as 
Melitaea sacrament. 

Mr. J. C. Huguenin spoke about his vacation of one week 
in Marin County, Calif. 

Mr. J. C. Bridwell stated that collecting in the Imperial Val- 
ley was prolific of good results. In his own specialty, the 
Philanthidae, species were taken in considerable series and 
the color varied from black to ferruginous. 

Mr. Ehrhorn said some interesting things about the Ha- 
walian fauna. 

Mr. Nunenmacher stated that he had made a special effort 
during the last three years to study the distribution of Omus, 
and that during his trips to northern California and southern 
Oregon, he had discovered many interesting facts pertaining 
to them. 

Messrs. Nunenmacher, Huguenin and Cottle exhibited a 
number of interesting species. 

Refreshments and adjournment. 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., “a4 


The forty-second regular meeting was held on the evening 
of November 25, 1911, at the Yoke Point Grill, San Francisco. 
President Van Dyke in the chair. Nine members and two 
guests were present. 

Mr. Grundel exhibited numerous specimens of Coleoptera 
and Lepidoptera, which had been collected in the vicinity of 
Martinez, Calif. 

Mr. Bridwell made some remarks about collecting in the 
Imperial Valley. Asida, Cryptoglossa and Eusattus muricatus 
were obtained by digging about the roots of plants; at Ban- 
ning a Buprestid larva was taken from an Opuntia stalk. He 
also exhibited the work and specimens of a species of Lyctus 
seriously injuring floors and flooring of tan bark oak. Speci- 
mens of two apparently new genera of Scoliidae from southern 
California were shown. 

Mr. Sternitzky reported a visit to Glen Allen, Eldorado 
County, California. 

Mr. Huguenin reported some observations on the larve of 
Halisidota edwardsu. 

Mr. Nunenmacher stated that careful collecting around the 
bay of San Francisco was yielding many good things, such 
as Hyperaspis psyche Casey, H. nunenmachert Casey, H. 4-ocu- 
latus with different sized spots, Zagloba ornatus Horn, Ex- 
ochomus californicus Casey, varying much in size; Scymnus 
guttulatus Lec, and Cymatodera ovipennis Lec. The best time 
for collecting Coccinellidae was stated to be late in the sea- 
son—from September to the following March. They are par- 
ticularly partial to a small shrub that is very abundant. As 
many as fifteen species have been taken at one collecting from 
this scrub oak-like plant. 

President Van Dyke proposed the name of Prof. O. B. 
Johnston as an honorary member. Prof. Johnston was unani- 
mously elected to membership. After exhibition of specimens, 
adjournment and refreshments. 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 41 


The forty-third regular meeting was held on April 20, 1912, 
at the residence of Mr. J. E. Cottle, 2117 Bush St., San Fran- 
cisco. President Van Dyke in the chair. Twelve members 
and seven guests were present. 

The Secretary stated that Mr. Frank Stephens had been 
proposed for membership by Mr. L. E. Ricksecker. Dr. Blais- 
dell. seconded the proposal. Mr. Stephens was elected in the 
usual way. 

The Secretary presented a revised list of the nonorary mem- 
bers of the Society, as follows: 

Prof. O. B. Johnston, of Seattle, Washington. 

Prof. C. W. Woodworth, of the University of California. 

Prof. Vernon Kellogg, of the Stanford University. 

Prof. J. J. Rivers, of Santa Monica, Calif., and 

Dr. L. O. Howard, of the U. S. Nat. Museum, D. C. 

Mr. Nunenmacher gave an interesting talk on his studies in 
the Coccinellidae. These studies were mainly on the genus 
Hyperaspis, and based on H. undulatus as a stem-form. A 
diagram showing the relationships of the species was also ex- 
hibited. 

Mr. Huguenin reported some very interesting observations 
on the habits and relations of certain species of Lycaenae. He 
stated that a colony of L. antiacis had been located on the slope 
of a hill, the area inhabited by this species being surrounded 
by trees and not over 100 x 7 yards in extent. Antiacis was 
found from March to April, ten to twenty specimens being 
taken within two hours. Six or seven L. xrerces were also 
taken in that same place and at the same date. Both species 
were flying together. Mr. Huguenin stated that the life-his- 
tories of the species should be worked out and thus determine 
the relationships of the different species. 

Mr. J. G. Grundel stated that he had reared three so-called 
species of Alypia from the same batch of eggs. 

President Van Dyke presented to the Society a photograph 
received from Prof. O. B. Johnston. 

A paper on the Aleocharinae (fam. Staphylinidae, order, 


42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 23 


Coleoptera) from the Aleutian Islands, by Dr. A. Fenyes, was 
then presented and read. It was moved, seconded and voted 
to publish the paper. 

‘President Van Dyke gave a talk on the relationships and 
distribution of the species of the Coleopterous Sub-Family, 
Carabinae. 

Mr. Huguenin exhibited 180 species of insects collected at 
Lagunitas, Marin County, Calif. 

Communications were red from Mr. Harry Lang, of At- 
lanta, Ga., and Mr. L. E. Ricksecker, of San Diego, Calif. 

Social discussion and refreshments followed. 


The forty-fourth regular meeting or Annual Field Day was 
held on May 109, 1912, at Lagunitas, Marin County, California. 
Six members and ten guests attended the outing. The day 
was a very rainy one and very little collecting was done. The 
members spent the day under cover and around a fire. 

The Secretary reported a communication from Mr. Frank 
Stephens, to the effect that Mr. L. E. Ricksecker had been sud- 
denly stricken and was seriously ill. The members requested 
the Secretary to write and express their sympathy to the fam- 
ily. 

F. E. BLAIsDELL, Secretary. 


FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. 

Meeting of June 19, 1912, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, 
Philadelphia ; twelve members were present. President Haim- 
bach in the chair. 

Mr. Wenzel, Sr., read extracts from a letter received from 
our fellow-member, C. T. Greene, now located at East Falls 
Church, Virginia, telling how he secured the eggs of a Dip- 
teron by placing a female in a jar with a piece of bark soaked 
in sap. 

Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited the larvae, pupae and imago 
of Physonota unipunctata Say (Col.) collected by himself in 
Boonton, New Jersey, July 10, 1901. The envelope contain- 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 


ing samples of the food plant disappeared so it was impossible 
to identify it. He had taken the first specimen of this Cana- 
dian beetle in the state hibernating, March 9, 1901, underneath 
a stone; this was shown. Also reported several specimeus of 
Calosoma willcoxi LeC. (Col.) captured at light, Philadel- 
phia, May 24, 1912. 

Mr. Wenzel showed a large series of Perothops mucida 
Gyll. (Col.) from Twin Oak, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1912, 
collected on hickory; also said that Centrodera picta Hald. and 
Chrysobothris azurea LeC. had been taken this season locally. 

Mr. Daecke said that one day while collecting at Hunter’s 
Run, Pennsylvania, in an abandoned pass he had seen a wasp 
flying around and had followed it and had caught it at its nest. 
Both were shown, the species being Vespa diabolica Sauss. 
According to the New Jersey list, this species makes its nest 
under ground. Also recorded and exhibited the following: 
Oryssus terminalis Newn., Euthera tentatrix Loew., a rare 
tachina fly and Adela ridingsella Clem., all from Hunter’s 
Run, May 30, 1912. He exhibited also a specimen of Acronyc- 
ta tritona Hbn., the larva of which was taken at Lucaston, 
New Jersey, September 27, 1911, feeding on huckleberry, the 
adult emerged June 2, 1912. 

Mr. Kaeber exhibited dried Russian peas; said two bags 
had been received from New York, one of which was about 
80 per cent. infested, but all the beetles were dead, having been 
killed in cold storage. Specimens had been extracted and were 
shown. They were identified as Bruchus quadrimaculatus 
Fabr. He stated that he had noticed that pisorun Linn., a 
larger species was found in a smaller pea and only one speci- 
men in each, while this species was smaller and several speci- 
mens were found in each pea. He was wondering if the size 
of the pea really had anything to do with the number of speci- 
mens found. Mr. Wenzel said it was open to doubt that the 
peas shown were infested in Russia as the species of Bruchus 
is found here. 


44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (Jas., -% 


Meeting of September 18, 1912, at 1523 South Thirteenth 
Street, Philadelphia; ten members were present. President 
Haimbach in the chair. 

Mr. Wenzell, Sr., exhibited nests of a species of Protapan- 
teles from Philadelphia Neck, September 15, from which he 
had bred this small wasp by the hundreds. These nests have 
the texture of spider webs for which he had first taken them. 
He also said that Mr. Green, of Easton, Wenzel, Jr., and he 
had taken an automobile trip to southern New Jersey the last 
week in June, touching at Atco, Da Costa, Hammonton, Egg 
Harbor, May’s Landing, Tuckahoe, Cape May Court House, 
Anglesea, Stone Harbor, Vineland, Millville, Malaga and Wil- 
low Grove; said that the Weymouth district would be a great 
place for Dipterists. In the Coleoptera the regular species 
were found, but in general collecting was very poor. Men- 
tioned Tettigea hieroglyphica Say (Hom.), saying it was fre- 
quently beaten in the net early in the morning when it seemed 
numb from the cold, but later in the day it could not be caught. 
Cicindela abdominalis Fabr. was mentioned among the catches 
and a specimen of Dorcus parallelus Say from the typical brev- 
is district; this specimen is smaller than the smallest mentioned 
in Dr. Horn’s paper—both are in the Wenzel collection and 
were shown. The strong lamps from the auto were used at 
night, but not even a mosquito was attracted. 

Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited a very large Megarhyssa 
atrata Fabr., collected by C. T. Greene, Castle Rock, Pennsyl- 
vania, June 4, I911, and an extremely small one collected by 
W. J. Nash, Overbrook, Pennsylvania, August 8, IgI2. 
Typical specimens, male and female of M. greene 
Viereck were also shown and the extremes in_ size, 
all collected by W. J. Nash at Overbrook, August 11 and 
18, and September 8, 1912. A fine specimen of the moth, 
Phlegethontius cingulata Sm. and Abb., collected by himself 
on tree trunk at Overbrook, September 8, 1912, was also 
shown. Also a specimen of Carabus sylvosus Say, Castle 
Rock, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1912, with wing aberration. 

Mr. Harbeck exhibited and recorded a butterfly Feniseca 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 


tarquinius Fabr., Pocono Lake, Pennsylvania, July 23, 1912, 
and a pair of the hornet, Vespa consobrina Sauss., Manahaw- 
ken, New Jersey, September 2, 1912. Two species of Tabanus, 
new to his collection, were also shown, all taken by himself. 

Mr. Daecke exhibited a pair of the fly, Stylogaster neglecta 
Will., from Hunter’s Run, Pennsylvania, July 28, 1912, in 
coitu. Had often wondered how copulation was accomplished 
by the species where the female has a long ovipositor but this 
could readily be seen in the specimens shown. Also a block 
covered with moss was shown to be used as a pincushion for 
000 pins. 


Meeting of October 16, 1912, at 1523 South Thirteeuth 
Street, Philadelphia ; twelve meniLers were present. Mr. Green, 
of Easton, Pennsylvania, visitor. President Haimbach in the 
chair. 

Mr. Wenzel, Sr., remarked on the genus Omus, specially 
mentioning a species of W. Horn’s and one of Casey’s. Read 
a communication of October 12, from Mr. Dury, of Cincinnati, 
Ohio, in which he says, “\Sandalus niger Knoch (Col.) was 
flying around a few days ago as it does the latter part of Sep- 
tember and beginning of October.” 

Dr. Skinner described his trip to Europe, giving a detailed 
account of the Tring Museum. 

Mr. Laurent stated that, although Ligyrus gibbosus DeG., 
as well as Chalepus trachypygus Burm., were both common 
species of Coleoptera and were often numerous around the 
electric lights, he had never seen them in such great numbers 
as they were this year on the nights of June 6 and October 8 
at Anglesea, New Jersey; on both of these occasions they were 
flying around by the hundreds. 

Mr. Kaeber exhibited a large female Vespa crabro Linn. 
(Hym.) found at Darby, Pennsylvania, October 5, 1912, in 
hibernation. Mr. Daecke said he had taken it in New Jersey 
but had never seen this European species from this State be- 
fore, Adjourned to the annex. 

Geo. M. GREENE, Secretary. 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’13 


IN MEMORIAM. 
Frederick Blanchard. 


(Portrait, Pl. I) 


Frederick Blanchard, well known to students of the Coleop- 
tera of North America, and dearly loved by all of us who 
knew him, died at his late home in Tyngsboro, Mass., on No- 
vember 2, 1912. 

He was the son of Cornelius Blanchard and Sarah Sher- 
burne Blanchard and was born August 20, 1843, at Lowell, 
Mass, He was engaged in the banking business at Lowell 
from boyhood until his retirement about twelve years ago, at 
which time he had been cashier of the Prescott National Bank 
of Lowell for several years. 

On the last day of the year 1874 he married Martha Louise 
Dow, of Exeter, N. H., who survives him. They had no chil- 
dren but adopted a son, George, who was drowned when 24 
years of age, in March, 1904. 

Mr. Blanchard was a loyal citizen of his township and ac- 
tive in promoting its welfare. He was treasurer of the Village 
Improvement Association of Tyngsboro for many years, and 
he was also much interested in the Littlefield Public Library, 
to which he made a bequest of $2000. 

The magnetic personality of this man at once asserted itself 
in his delightful letters. These letters, imparting without re- 
serve all his rich fund of entomological and other knowledge 
on every subject of discussion, and full of helpful suggestions 
and keen observations, soon came to be awaited with eager 
expectation, and were enjoyed with the greatest satisfaction. 
For he was a man who entered with enthusiasm into the in- 
terests of his friends and correspondents, and assisted them 
in their studies in every possible way, whatever the genus, or 
family, or group which might be the subject of their investi- 
gations. 

His letters were in fact the principal medium of making 


Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 


known to other entomologists his valuable observations and 
discoveries, as only a few of these appeared in print. His 
table of the species of Canthon and Phanaeus (Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc., Vol. XII, 1885) and the revision of the genus 
Cardiophorus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVI, 1889) are 
the most important of his printed papers. Of the last named 
genus he described twelve new species. 

Though beset by many misfortunes of late years, and him- 
self an invalid for more than a year preceding his death, his 
entomological interest was keenly maintained up to the very 
end of his life, and he had practically finished only a few 
months ago a paper on the genus Evarthrus. This will proba- 
bly be put together and published by his close and intimate 
friend and protegé, H. C. Fall. 

In June, 1901, with keen expectation, the writer journeyed 
for the first time to Lowell, and then rode on the trolley eight 
miles or so up the Merrimac River to Tyngsboro, to enjoy the 
hospitality of the Blanchard home, which, though close to the 
Nashua Road, was completely hidden from it by a fine grove 
of pines. This was the haven to which Mr. and Mrs. Blanch- 
ard moved about the time of his retirement from the banking 
business, and here, in their comfortable home surrounded by 
the fields and meadows, they loved to entertain again and 
again all of us who made the pilgrimage thither. There was 
a perfect comradeship between man and wife which impress- 
ed us all, and their guests at once felt very much at home. We 
were escorted to all his famous collecting grounds, and we 
reveled in the treasures of his wonderful local collection, his 
excellent library and most of all, we took delight in the great 
privilege of contact with his simple and kindly personality. 

Mr. Blanchard’s collection, though a large one, is primarily 
and essentially one of New England species, very largely col- 
lected through the thorough and untiring efforts of his own 
eyes and hands. Like Mr. Schwarz he possessed an instinct 
for completely bringing to light the fauna of any locality 
which he visited, and, again like Mr. Schwarz, his beetles were 


48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (Jan. 42 


most neatly and beautifully mounted, suited for the minutest 
examination, and every family was carefully studied and its 
representatives accurately determined, or their names verified, 
by himself. 

Undoubtedly Mr. Blanchard’s greatest service for students 
of North American Coleoptera was performed in his pains- 
taking study and interpretation of the Le Conte types for 
many friends, themselves unable to make the trip to Cam- 
bridge. He was a zealous admirer of Dr. Le Conte, and the 
Le Conte collection at the Harvard and University Museum 
of Comparative Zoology he understood perfectly, and he loved 
it too. He was a constant visitor to Cambridge, and in 1911 
Harvard honored him and herself, by enrolling him in its 
catalogue, as Associate in Entomology of the University Mu- 
seum. 

He bequeathed his collection to Harvard, and it is indeed 
most appropriate that this collection of his own is to be plac- 
ed beside that of Le Conte which he knew and loved so well. 

Joun D. SHERMAN, JR. 


The daily newspapers announce the death of Dr. WILLIAM 
ARMSTRONG BuckHout, Professor of Natural History, 1871- 
81, and of Botany and Horticulture since 1881 in Pennsylvania 
State College, on December 3, 1912. He was born in Oswego, 
New York, December 26, 1846, and graduated from the Col- 
lege in which he subsequently became a professor in 1868. He 
wrote several articles on economic entomology in the Reports 
of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station and of 
the State Board of Agriculture for 1889, 1892 and 1893, and 
contributed notes on insects to various American journals of 
earlier years. 


The deaths of W. F. Krrsy, in England, and W. G. WricHt, 
in California, are also announced and notices of their work 
will appear in a later number. 


The News for December, 1912, was mailed December 4, 1912. 


ENT. NEwS, VOL. XXIV. Plate II. 


FREDERICK BLANCHARD. 


Vane 


> “Se —~“ i aay 
y i ats 


KFXCHANGES. 


Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Subscribers. 


4a- These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new 
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top 
(being longest in) are discontinued 


The Entomological Exchange—For the exchange of Lepidoptera 
amongst reliable collectors in all parts of the world. For further infor- 
mation, address with return postage, Rudolf C. B. Bartsch, Secretary, 46 
Guernsey St., Roslindale, Boston, Mass. 

Rare Saturnidae and Parnassiinae as Aczé. selene, Callandra (new), 
Sat. pyretorum, pearsoni (new), Hemileuca burnsi (new), and 60 other 
species to exchange for American Saturnids and Parnassids, Cad/eta and 
eversmanni.—]. Henry Watson, 70 Ashford Road, Withington, Man- 
chester, England. 

For Exchange—Have for exchange Cicindelidae in sets; also other 
Coleoptera for Cicindelidae and Cychrus not in my collection.—Adolph 
Mares, 2517 Homan Ave., Chicago, III. 

Chrysochus cobaltinus Lec. for exchange.—R. J. Smith, Milpitas, 
Santa Clara, Co., Cal. 

Wanted for exchange—Coleoptera for native or exotic specimens— 
Cicindelidae. Carabus, Cychrus, Calosoma, Lucanidae, etc. List on 
application —Frank Psota, 1142 S. Whipple St., Chicago, IIl. 

Dynastes hercules beetles direct from the original collector. Two 
new localities, namely St. Lucia and British Guiana, also from Dominica; 
for sale or exchange.—A. F. Porter, Decorah, Iowa. 

Wanted—1 iving pupae of Saturnid moths. State quantity and price. 
Phil. Rau, 4932 Botanical Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Change of Address—F. H. Wolley Dod, Millarville, Alta, to Midna- 
pore, Alta. 

For Exchange—(Cychrus andrewsii and Cychrus riding siz with full 
data.--T. N. Brown, 71 Highland Ave., Uniontown, Pa. 

Wanted for Cash or good exchange, all American live pupae and 
cocoons, and too or more North American Parnassius in paper not ex- 
panded. Give nice exotic Lepidoptera and nice large Coleoptera. — 
Communicate with Monsieur Frank Sever, 333 E. 49th St., N. Y City. 

Lepidoptera—Specimens of diurnals from this section in exchange for 
other N. A. species new to my collection.—R. A. Leussler, 1137 S. 31st 
St., Omaha, Neb. 

Perfect, fresh mounted specimens of Nocturnal Lepidoptera (both 
Macro- and Micro-) from this locality offered for exchange.—Fred Mar- 
loft, Box 104, Oak Station P. O., Allegheny Co., Pa. 

Wanted to buy, sell and exchange insects for demonstration and class 
work in economic entomology and bulletins and reports from U. S. Dept. 
Agric. and Agr. Exper. Stations on all subjects --R. W. Brancher, 
Kent, Ohio. 

Catocalae—C. desdemona, *beutenmudtleri, lia var. sp., aholibah, col- 
oradensis, pura, faustina and several varieties, 7reve and varieties, aspa- 
sia var sp., *zillah, *lydia. verecunda, edwardsi—only a few left of the 
species marked *.—Tom Spalding, R. F. D. 208z, Provo, Utah 

For Exchange—A few extra entomological publications. Want Dit- 
mar’s Reptile Book, biological material, etc.—Fred. S. Carr, 163 Mar- 
gueretta St , Toronto, Ontario. 

Attacus atlas—Largest moth in the world. Fresh bred specimens 
just received from Philippine Islands, with date and locality, for sale or 
exchange.—A. F. Porter, Decorah, Ia. 

T. Fukai, Konosu, Saitama, Japan, will send Japanese and Formosan 
insects, especially Lepidoptera and living cocoons. Exchange solicited. 

Wanted Parnassiinae from Alaska and West Coast America in ex- 
change for those of all European and Asian localities ; particularly Thian 
Shan and high altitude, Himalaya Mts —J. Henry Watson, 70 Ashford 
Road, Withington, Manchester, England. 


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LABORATORY AND GALLERY, ARCADIA, SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT 


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Send toc. for a copy of ‘“‘The Guide to Nature”’ (popular nature magazine). 


CALIFORNIA LEPIDOPTERA. 


Experienced collector and propagator of California Lepidoptera, again going to make 
an extensive tour of California, breeding and collecting in each locality. Gentlemen or 
Museums wishing quantities of each species taken, can have them ata flat rate of five 
cents each. Fertile ova and cocoons of those bred cheap. Parties wishing only certain 
species should send for my price list, and save 50 per cent. on their Calif. Lepid. Still 
a few of this season’s catch on hand. lLycaena anna 50 cts. pair; this Lycaena retails 
at about $2.00 pair. Parnassius clodius 50 cts. pair. Argynnis egleis 30 cts. pair, ete. 
Noctuidae and Geometridae 5 cts. each for quantity, lots only, and unnamed. State if 
wished in papers or on pins. Sent on approval by my new system of mailing, which 
insures us both. 


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JUST PUBLIsSHe==s 


Notes on Calligrapha and its allies, with descriptions of a few new spe- 


cies, by F. C. Bowditch-ze pp... . _ . Ts 
Descriptions of new species of North eer Neuropteroid Insert he 
Nathan-Bankss26:pps)saplssase cers.) eee -40 


Descriptions of North American Myrmaridae, with Spemauraial aaa othe: 
notes on described genera and species, by A. A. Girault. 72 pp. .75 
The Entomological Writings of John Hamilton, with an Index to the 
New Coleoptera described and named, and an Account of the 
Disposition made of his Collection and Entomological Library, 


by. A Ila es 07 pH emia. 5 .I0 
The Ichneumon Flies of America Bolanpiae to the Tribe Ophenene = 
Co Wi. Hooker> £76. ppseaeplSareea v0; Some etst tes Cena 


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- Volume I.—No. 1.—Revision of the Cossidae. 35 pp.,7plates. ... . $1.50 
No, 2.—The Lasiocampid genera Gloveria and its allies. 
< 17 pp., 4 pls. fe STOO 
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No. 4.—Illustrations of Rare and Typical Lepidoptera.. 57 
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_ THE “ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE’ ’—2 journal devoted to general 

Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C. Champion, J. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. 

W. Lioyd, G. T. Porritt, J. J. Walker and Lord Walsingham. It contains descriptions of new 

- — genera and species, in ail Orders (British and foreign), life histories, reviews of new works, 

etc., and is illustrated by at least two chromo-lithographic plates perannum. Vol. xlvii (xxii of 

_ the second series) was commenced in January, 1911. The subscription for the 12 numbers is six 
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: Labels exceeding 3 lines (blank or printed) $2 per M. and up. 


“JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
Official Organ of the Association of Economic Entomologists 


Editor, E. Porter Felt. Albany, N. Y., State Entomologist, New York. 
Associate Editor, W. E. Britton, New Haven, Conn., State Entomologist, Conn. 
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The only journal devoted exclusively to economic entomology. 
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INSECT BOXES—We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can 
guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. 


NS /3085—Plain Boxes for Duplicates—Pasteboard boxes, com- 
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hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. 

: These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully 

THE KNY-OMEERER CO We made than the ones usually found in the market. 


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SIZE TORS GANS ovo cae sean n nna aackes eos s esse te Each $0.25 
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Per'ddzens: 26.2 55 Auta ss eee Sah a cat pass Be 5.00 ; 
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Caution :—Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address NS /3091 “a 
in corner of cover. : 3°9 3 
ter A 
Gor eiDIGO ie Bee NS //3121—K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover ia 
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Size 8x11x2)4 in. (or to order, 834x1034x234 in.).... $0.70 ~ 
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DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. 
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We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes 
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