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PALEONTOLOGY:

Vol. V. Part II.

Fl-.A.'rSlS.

CONTAIKIKG FIGIJUKS OF THE

GASTEROPODA, PTEROPODA AND CEPHALOPODA

UPPER HELDERBERG, HAMILTON, PORTAGE AND CHEMUNG GROUPS.

By JAMES HALL,

8TATB QBOLOGIST

?^*i

^'°

ALBANY, N. Y. :

CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN & SONS.

1879.

Plate. I.

iLi'ilAa'^i

PLATE I.

Plattceras (Orthontchia) subrectum.

Vtige 1.
Yig. 1. View of a small individual entirely destitute of shell.
Pig. 3. The concave or ventral side of a larger flat specimen, showing but little twisting except near the apex.

Plattceras (Orthontchia) dentalipm.

Page 2.

Fig. 3. View of an imperfect specimen, showing the spiral form which has consisted of about one entire
volution. ,

Figs. 4-6. Three views of a spiraUy compressed specimen, showing the minute incurved beak, and longi-
tudinally rigid body, which is cancellated by transvei-se lines of growth.

Fig. 7. View of an elongate, imperfect specimen, mostly denuded of the shell, but showing the spiral
character.

Rg. 8. A more rapidly expanding specimen, pi-esei-ving the shell on the lower part and showing a deep
revolving sulcus.

Plattceras (Orthontchia) concavum.

Page 3.
Figs. 9, 10. Dorsal and ventral views of the type specimen, which is an internal cast, and imperfect at the

apex, but shows the spiral form and the deep, somewhat undefined, broad sulcus of the ventral

side. Williamsville, N. Y.
Figs. 11, 12. Views of the opposite sides of an individual which is imperfect at the apex, but retains the

shell elsewhere, and shows the fine, even, lamellose concentric strise, crossed by a few faint

longitudinal lines, and also the sulcus on the ventral side. Onondaga, N. Y.

Plattceras (Orthontchia) conicum.

Page 3.
Figs. 13, 14. Lateral view and aperture of a broadly expanded specimen. The minute apex has been broken.
Pigs. 15, 17. Lateral and upjier views of a similar specimen, showing strong plications upon the margin.
Fig. 16. Lateral view of a flattened specimen of somewhat less expanded form.

This and the two preceding specimens are from the Upper Helderberg limestone at Onon-
daga, N. Y.
Pig. 18. View of a rapidly expanding specimen, with moi-e attenuate apex. From the Hamilton group at

Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Fig. 19. A small specimen, similar in form to the last, but having a small enrolled apex.
Figs. 20-22. Thi-ee views of an individual of highly conical form, with attenuated, subcentral apex, and

strongly plicated margin. From the Hamilton group at Bellona, N. Y.
Pig. 28. Lateral view of a narrower conical form, strongly plicated at the margin, and imperfect at the apex.
From the Hamilton group at Widder, C. W.

Palaeontology NYVol Y

I PLATYCERID.E .)

Plate. I.

O.B.."itnv"ot. dd.

PLATE II.

Platyceras (Orthontchia) pekplexum.

Page 4.
Figs. 1, 2. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen, showing the form and the irregular plications.
Kgf. 3. Lateral \new of a compi-essed specimen, imperfect at the apex, showing the plicated surface and
concentric stiite.

Platyceras erectum.

Pago B.

Tig. 4. View of the origrinal specimen figured and desci-ibed in the Fourth District Report. Upper Helder-
lierg limestone, five miles east of Buffalo, N. Y.

Figs. 5, 6. Lateral and dorsal views of a specimen, showing a sudden expansion of the shell at the end of the
lii'st volution. Fi-om Cayuga, C. W.

Figs. 7, 8. Two views of a specimen, with less closely coiled beak. From the Hamilton gi\5up at Pavil-
ion, N. Y.

Figs. 9, 10. Views of the opposite sides of a larger curved specimen. From the Hamilton group at Gen-
eseo, N. Y.

Fig. 11. Lateral view of a small specimen, with closely coiled apex. Fi-om the Hamilton group.

Platyceras carinatum.

Page 5.
Figs. 12, 13. Lateral and dorsal views of a small specimen. Upper Helderberg limestone, Helderberg

mountains.
Figs. 14-T6. Three views of a specimen. From near Williamsville, N. Y.
Figs. 17-19. A large internal cast, showing several plications on the right side. From the Ujjper Helderberg

group, Sandusky, Ohio.
Figs. 20, 21. Two \-iews of a specimen. From the Hamilton group at Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Figs. 22-25. Views of a vei-y perfect specimen, fi'om the same locality as the preceding.
Fig. 26. Posteiior jirofile view of a large individual, showing an elevated obtuse caiination along the back

of the shell. From Bellona, N. Y.
Fig. 27. Lateral view of the same, showing plications on the left side, with the sinuosities and projections of

the margin indicated by the direction of the suiface stiise.
Figs. 28, 29. Dorsal and lateral views of an internal cast, showing decided lobations on each side of the

shell, and the carination in the center. Helderberg mountains, N. Y.

•

Platyceras conicum.

Page 3.
Figs. 30, 31. Lateral and upper views of an extremely carinate individual, with a regularly arcuate obtusely
pointed apex. From Onondaga county, N. Y. (Reference to these figures is omitted in the text.)

I PLATYCERin.-E .}

Palaeontology N.YVoiy, PlII.

Plate J.

.J-'

' B.SniiTiMr'JD*'!

miSiyi x-v.il.

■ii^flrt Jii'i

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PLATE III.

Plattckbas (Obthontchia) attenuatum.

Pago 6.
Fl». 1. DorwU view of a small sjiecimen which has Wen laterally compressed.

Figs. S, 3. IK'rsal antl lateral views of a moi-e expanded siMjcimen, showing strong folds near the margin.
Fig. 4. Lateral view of the sjiecimen fig. 1, showing the folds of the margin.

Figs. 5, 6. Lateral and dorsal views of an unusually expanded specimen, showing in'egular pustulose ridges
on the mirface of the exjianded iM)rtion.

Platycebas bucculentum.

Page 10.
Fig. 7. Lateral view of a 8j)ecimen which may be the young of P. bucculentum, but has the appearance of
an adult shell. From Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

PLATrCKBAS AUBICULATUM.
Page 7.
Figs. S-10. Dorsal, right and left views of a specimen, showing the form of the shell and the lateral expan-
sion, with its ridges. Dainen, N. Y.

Platycerab Thetis.

Pajte 8.

Figs. 11, 12. Left and right lateral views of a small sjiecimen, showing the narrow form and enrolled beak.

Figs. 13, 14. Left and right lateral views of an unusually large specimen, showing a more strongly ai-cuate
form.

Figs. 15, 16. Left views of two sjiecimens of large size, showing some variation in form. From the Ham-
ilton group at Canandaigua Lake and Bellona, N. Y.

Platycebas symmetbicum.

Page 9.
Fig. 17. Lateral view of a large specimen, referred with some doubt to this species. From the Hamilton

group, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Figs. 18-21. Four views of one of the typical specimens exhibiting the general featui-es of the species. Fig.

20 shows the symmetrically coiled beak. Fig. 21 is accidentally compressed on one side.

From Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.
Figs. 22-24. Three views of a specimen, showing a loosely coiled beak (except at the apex) and strongly

plicated margin.
Fig. 26. Dorsal view of a specimen, showing a strong anterior fold. From Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

Platycebas bucculentum.

Page 10.
Fig. 2fi. Lateral view of a specimen, showing the folds of the shell on the left side.
Fig. 27. Dorsal view of an individual, showing the strong lateral folds.
Fig. 28. Dorsal \-iew of tKe specimen fig. 26.

Fig. 29. The aperture of a large symmetrical specimen, showing a fold in the poeterior margin. Lixnngston
county and at Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

Platycebas Thetis? var. subspinosum.

Page 9.
Fig. 80. View of a large flattened specimen, possessing many of the features of P. Thetis, but moi-e robust
and with the ajierture contracted on the right side and strongly plicated. There are a few short
spines at the summit of the volution. From the Hamilton gi-oup at Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

Palaeontology NYVol.V

I PI.ATYCfZRID.*: . )

Plate H,

K K M«rtm d«l

PLATE V.

PlATTCKRAS ECniNATCM.
I'agf 13.
FIgB. 1, 3. Dorsal Mid lateral views of a small 8|)ecituen, enlarged to twice the natural size, showing the
characters of surface when exfuliateii, leaving only the spine-ba^es i-emaining. Fi-om the
Hamilton group at Ludlow ville, Cajupi Lake, N. Y.
Ffga. 8, 4. Dorsal and lateral views, natural size, of a specimen denuded of the exterior shell and showing
the bases uf the spines as tubercles. From the TuUy limestone at Ovid, N. Y.

Plattc'eras dumosum var. rarispinum.

P«i'e :«.

Pig. 5. Latei-al view of a small specimen, showing a few scattered spines. Oneida county, N. Y.

Figs. 6, 7. Lateral and dorsal views of a largrer ai>ecimen, similar in character to the jireceding. Darien, N. Y.

Fig. 10. Oblicjue side view of a 8{)ecimen which is partly imbedded in rock, and pi-eserves several of the

spines in place. Schoharie, N. Y.

Plattceras formcatum var. contractum.

Page 12.
Figv. 8, 9. Two views of the specimen referred to as a variety in the original description of P. fomicatiua.

Plattceras dumosum, Conrad.

Plljre 1*.

Pig. 11. View of a small specimen preserving several si)inea and spine-bases. Falls of the Ohio.

Fig. 12. View of a larger and moi-e i-obust sjiecimen, partially imbedded in the rock, and showing numerous
spiue-baaes. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 13. View of a sjiecimen with a large number of broken and displaced spines. From the Comiferous
liniestonH near Columbus, Ohio.

Figs. 14, 1.1. Two views of a large veiitricose individual (the tyjie specimen used by Mr. Conrad for descrip-
tion), showing the bases of hollow spines, covering almost the enlii-e surface. Schoharie, N. Y.

Pig. 16. The ajierture of a long slender specimen, siunlar to tigs. 11 ami 12. The surface shows uumei-ous
spine-bases, and a plicated margin. Uelderberg mountains, N. Y.

[ PI.ATYCERID.C)

Palaeontology NYVol V Pt II

PlateV.

..'ttHptjl

PLATE \l

Platyceras dumoscm, Conrad.

Pago 14.

Fig. 1. View of a large ventiieoee siiecimen imbedded in i-ock, showing the form of the apertui-e and the
long submarginal spines in place. Schoharie. N. Y.

Pi .MYCERAS MtJLTiBPiNOSUM, Meek.

Page 15.
Figs. 2, 3. Ventral and lateral view^ i>i' a specimen communicated by Dr. J. S. Newben-y for comparison
with P. dwnuisum.

( PLATYCERID.fi , )

Palaeontology NY.VolV R II

PJateVI.

.K'Ji'AaK I

.:» UtstitJ

i>i8AaD RAaaotTAj'I

PLATK VII.

Platyceras undatum.

Page 17.
Pigf. 1. 2. Views of the opjKieite sides of an intenial cast, showing- transverse lines of broad tubercles, and
grinntr the general form of the shell. The oi-iginal shell has doubtless been marked by strong-
spines.

Platyceras dumosum, Conrad.

I'nge 14.
V\g. 3. Dorsal view of the specimen i-epresented on Plate V, fig. 16.

Platyceras nodostjm.

Pago 17.
Figs. 4, 5. Lateral and dorsal views of an internal cast, showing vei-y strong tubercles, indicating spine-bases
in a somewhat quincunx an-angement.

Platyceras crassum.

Page 18.
Fig. 6. View of an internal cast which is probably of this species. Schohaiie, N. Y.
Fig. 7. A somewhat smaller individual which is mo^-e expanded towai-d the ajterturo, partially from com-

l-.i-eseicm. Clarksville, Albany county, N. Y.
Figs. 8-10. Three views of the typical siiecinien which is a partial cast and shows great thickness of shell.

Uelderberg muuutains, li. Y.

Palaeontology NYVol V. Ptll.

( PLATYCERID^ .)

PlateH

■Peimfiiin LilJL.

iiiipLiUt 'I) 7/

RLATE VIII.

Platyceeas Aroo. •

Pil^ 19.

Kigs. 1-3. Three views of the originally described specimen ; a partial internal cast, retaining the impres-
sions of' the concentric uii<lulations of the suKace.

Ki(f. 4. View of the right 8i<^e of a specimen, partially exfoliated. Along- the middle can be traced the
remains of a deep notch which exi8te<i in the lip, now forming an elevated ridge somewhat
obscureti by adhering rock.

Fig. !). V'iew of the opposite side of the specimen i-ejiresented in fig. 4.

Fig. 6. Ventral view of the same, showing the depth of the shell, and the sinisti-ally coiled volutions.

Platyceras Ammon.

Page SO.
Fig. 7. View of an individual of medium size, showing the strong volutions and the peculiar laniellose

structure. Port Colbome, Canmla.
Figs. 8,9. Vie W8 of the opposite sides of a large individual, showing the general form of the shell. Dai-ien, N. Y.
Fig. 10. Venti-al view of the sjiecimen figs. 8 and 9, showing the enrolling of the beak which in the figure is

represented as too nearly on the same plane ; it is directed moi-e upwai-ds, leaving a gi-eater

depth of the outer volution on the lower side.

PalaecntologyNYVoIVPiII.

Platem.

PLATK IX.

Flattostoma turbinata var. cochleata.

Page 28.
Figs. 1. 8. The <q>p08ito rides of an irregularly coiled siMJcimen, showing a moderately elevated spire.
Vig. 3. The «i»ertiire of an inilividual, with more elevated spire and nairower form. The lower side of

the latil volution shows a depressed line mai-king the jwsition of a notch in the outer lip.

The si>ecinien is slightly umbilicate.
tig. 4. Knlargenient of the striie whoi-e cni8.sing the line of the notch in the outer volution.
Fig. S. Apertural view of a sjiecimen having a line indicating a notch in a liigher position on the volution

than the preceding, only visible on the outer volution and obsolete at the lip. The inner lip

of the ajH!rture is disunited fi-om the columella.
Fig. 6. An individual with the outer volution disunited and much contracted near the aperture.
Fig. 7. Dorsal view of the same siiecimen.

Fig. S. A larger in<Uvidual, showing a double sinuosity in the outer lip.
Figs. 9-11. A still lai-ger specimen, having an indistinct l)aud bordering the suture.

Platyostoma turbinata.

Page 37.

Figs. 13, 13. Two views of a young individual with a nearly flattened spire.

Figs. 14, 15. A larger specimen of similar character, with a dein-essed spire and a broad, shallow sinuosity
in the lip.

Figs. 16, 17. Two \"iews of a still larger specimen, with the spires somewhat depi-essed below the outer volu-
tion, and the depression bordei-ed in part by a sulcated band, in<licating a slit in the aperture
at that stage of gi-owth.

Figs. 18, 19. A similar specimen accidently compressed and shortened, and showing the center of the sinu-
osity marked by a pi-ojecting point on the lip.

Figs. 20, 21. Two views of the specimen fi-om which the species was onginally described.

Rg. 22. An ai)ertin-al view of a specimen differing somewhat in the form of the columella and apei-ture and
also in the height of the spire.

Figs. 23, 24. A large individual, ridged and plicated on the outer volution.

Platyostoma unisulcata.

Page 26.
Figs. 35, 26. Two views of the original specimen, from which Mr. Conratl's descrijition was taken.

Platyostoma turbinata var.

Page 29.
Fig. 27. The aperture of a young individual bearing considerable resemblance to P. turbiiiata vai%

cochleata.
Figa. 38-30. A characteristic full-grown specimen of this variety.

Platyostoma pleurotoma.

Page 30.
Figs. 31-33. Three views of a sjiecimen of this species.

Fig. 34. The ajierture of a large individutd, showing the twisting of the columella and the form of the shell.
Fig. 35. Partial side view, showing more distinctly the twisting of the columellar lip.*

• The columellar lip in these individuals resembles that of Sti-ophostylua, while the surface characters
•nd form of volution are clearly characteristic of Platyostoma.

( •JA^■T^^^■|a^.; . )

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtir

Pki'-K

HM.Martm del.

PM.Asikdi.

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iji;

PLATE X.

Platyostoma linkata.

P»ge «1.
Rjr. 1. A Rinall putiilnse Bpecimen. From the UpjHM- Holilerberg' group, Onondag'a oounty.
Fijr- 2. The ajH-rtiiii- and »piit> <if a symmeti-ical specimen, havinjf the normal characters of the sjiecies.
Figs. 3, 4. Summit of the sjiiiv an<l hileral view of the sj>erimen tig'. 2.
Figs. S, 6. The spire and a]>erture of a larger specimen, diffei-ing fi-om the precetUng in the curving of the

columella.
Pig. 7. The spii* of a specimen of medium size, which, during a part of its growth, has possessf^r] a slit in
the outer lip, occurring, apjiai-ently, from some at-ciilental cause, at the comnienc'enient ( f the
outer volution, and afterwnrds becoming closed, has left the surface plicated and ii-regular.
Upi>er Helilerl)erg group. S<-h(>harie, N. Y.
Fig. 8. The spii-e of a large individual of the ordinai-y foi-m of the species, as it occurs in the limestone.
Fig. 9. A sinular view of a more i-obust individual.
Fig. 10. Lateral view of the outer volution of a specimen similar to figure 9.

These specimens, with two exceptions, are fi-om the Upper Helderberg limestone at Williams-
ville, N. Y. ; they preserve, in a well-mai ked manner, the concentric and radiating striae.
Fig. 11. The spire of a specimen somewhat similar to fig. 7.

Fig. 12. Enlargement of the surface striae of the same. Hamilton shales, near Geneseo, N. Y.
Figs. 13, 14. Two views of a specimen, preserving the surface in great peifection. The specimen is slightly

ilejiressed frem accidental causes. From the Hamilton shales, Canandaigua Lake.
Pig. 15. Enlargement of the surface of the preceding.

Figs. 16-18. Three views of a large specimen, pi-eserving the form of the aperture and peristome. The
aperture is slightly rhomboidal, varying somewhat fi-om the prevailing type. From the Ham-
ilton shales at Canandaigua Lake.
Fig. 19. An unusually large individual, which presen-es the striae of gi-owth very distinctly, while the con-
centric striae are obsolete. Corniferous limestone, Dai-ien, N. Y.
Figs. 20, 21. Two views of an internal cast of the same species. Chemung group.

Platyostoma lineata var. callosa.

Page 23.
Fig. 22. The aperture of a specimen which has the appearance of P. lineata, but with a thickened callus on

the inner lip.
Fig. 33. The spire of the same specimen.

Platyostoma depiodeata.

Piige 24.
Kg. 24. The apertural side of the specimen of which the outer volution has been crushed.

Platyostoma lineata var. a.mpla.

Page .!3.
Fig. 2:>. The spire.

Fig. 26. The ajMjrtural side, showing the great elevation, large aperture and peculiarity of the columella,
approaching in character to Strophostylus.

Platyostoma EnoMpHALoiDES.

PageXS.
Fig.'27. Dorsal \new of the specimen. Hamilton gi'oup, York, Livingston county, N. Y.
Fig. 28. The base of the specimen, showing the ai>e^"ture and the cohimellar lip modified by the preceding

volution.
Fig. 29. The spire as seen from above, showing the depressed upper surface of the outer volution.

( JAXTHINID.H I

Paleeonlology of N.YVoiyPtU.

Plate X.

H M Mai un del

Phil.AsUiui.

PLATE XI.

Plattostoma UNI8ULCATA var.

r«ge 27.
Fljr. 1- A|>ertnral viev, showing- the g«nci-al foi-m aiul elevation of the shell, the columella, etc.
Fijf. "J. Ttif Iiiii-k of the same specimen, showiuff the angulaiity of the volution.
Fig. 3. The njiire.

Plattostoma LiNEATA.var. sinuosa.

Page 44.
Fi(f. 4. Front view of a small sjieoiinen with a depi-eK.sed spire.

Fijf. 5. Basal view, showing- the deep sinus in tlie aj)ertvii-e. Hamilton gnrap, Livingston county, N. Y.
Figs. 6, 7. Aiiortnral view and 8))ii'e of a larger specimen, with much higher spire and rounded volutions.

From the Hamilton grou]), Canandaig-ua Lake, N. Y.
¥\g. 8. Basal view of the same, showings the deep sinus of the lip.

Plattostoma aplata.

Page 20.
Fig-. 9. The spire of an imperfect spedmen. From the Schoharie g^t, Schohai-ie, N. T. '

Pleurotomaria ? sp.?

yaticopgiif cretacea. Hall. Illustrations of Devonian Fossils: Gasteropoda, pi. 11. 1876.

Not NaticopsU eretacea, H. & W. Twenty-thii-d Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat Hist., p. 240. 1873.

Not Xaticopsis llBvis, Mbbk. H. & W. lb. Explanation pi. 12, figs. 3-5.
Fig. 10. The spire of an imjierfect cast referred with doubt to this species.
Fig. 11. Front view of the same, showing the obliquity of the shell and the substance of the callus filling the

umbilicus. Upi>er Helilerberg limestone near Clarence Hollow, N. Y.
Figs. 12, 13. Two views of an internal cast. Upjier Helderberg limestone neai- Columbus, Ohio.

Strophosttlus unicus.

Page 30.
Fig. 14. Front view of the typical specimen, showing the columella and the form of the shell.
Pig. 15. Summit view of the same specimen. From the Schoharie grit, Schohaiie, N. Y.

STROPHOSTTLtrS VABIAN8.

Page 31.

Figs. 16, 17. Two views of a young, vet^' oblique specimen, showing, in fig. 16, the peiistome nearly detached

from the body of the pi-eceding- volution — an exceptional feature.
Fig. 18. Knlargement of the sui-face strite from a small, well-preserved specimen.
Yig%. 19, 20. Two views of a larger specimen, showing the jieiistome more completely united to the preceding

volution.
Fig. 21. A medium-sized specimen, showing very great obliquity of the last volution and a slight separa-
tion of the iwsnstome from the body-whorl.
Figs. 22-24. Other examples, showing the form of the shell and the very broad umbilicus.
Pig. 20. A small Pi>ecimen, showing sti-ong plications near the ajierture, indicating the existence of a notch

in the peristome during the later jieriod of its growth.
Fig. 26. A large anil more rotund sj«'cimen, showing an injury to the peristome during growth.
Figs. 27, 28. Two views of a large, w-ell-f'ormed, mtund specimen. The second tigui-e shows the obliquity

of the outer lip to the axis of the shell.
Pigs. 29, 30. Two views of a large 8])ecimen, the latter showing the inner lip spreading over the preceding

volution.
Fig. 31. A large oblique opnclmfin with the ppristonlfl milch thick«»rt(»d.

The Riwcimens ai-e all from the Uiipor Meldei'becgf limestone, Onondaga county, N. Y.

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll.

( JANTHINID.« . ]

Plate XI

^0 m

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PLATE XII.

MACROCHEILUB ? (CalLONEMA?) PRIMJEVU8.
I'niru St.
Vig. 1. Lateral view of an iui|)ei-fect cast.
F1({». 2, 3. Two views of a larg«r iiulividiiul, whicli is obliiiuely cnisheil.

Macrocheilis Heue.

I'uge S-l.
FSgS. 4, 5. Two views of a lar^ individual (natural size). From the Hamilton g-rouji, Pavilion, Genesee

county, N. Y.
Figs. 6, 7. The opiHwite sides of the typical 8])ecimen enlarged to three diametei-s. From the Goniatite

limestone of the Marcellus shale, near Manlius, N. Y. ^

MaCROCHEILUS HAMILTONI.a!.
Page 33.
Figs. 8, 9. VJewB of the opposite sides of the ty^iical specimen.

Figs. 10, 11. The opiHWite sides of an internal cjist. From the Hamilton group, Cumberland, Md.
Figs. 13-14. A 8|)eciinen which has been denuded of the spire and flattened vertically so as to change entirely
the character of the shell.

Macrochkilus (Holopea) macrostomcs.

Page 33.

Figs. 15, 16. The opposite sides of the typical specimen, showing the foi-m of the shell and surface charac-
ters. Hamilton group at Pratts Falls, Onondaga county, N. Y.

Fig. 17. An infernal cast, referred to this sjiecies. From the same locality.

Rg. 18. A compresseti specimen, I'efei'red to this species ; the spire is more elevated than usual, but the
other characters ai-e similar. Hamilton group, Madison county, N. Y.

Callonema Lichas.

Page Si.
Fig. 19. A specimen in which the sui^ace is partially preserved.
Figs. 20, 21. Views of the opjx>site sides of a larger specimen preserving the substance of the shell on some

parts. Fi-om the Upper Helderberg limesione near Clai-ence Hollow, N. Y.
Fig. 22. An internal cast from near Columbus, Ohio.

Cyclonema Doris.

Page 34.
Fig. 23. A specimen of this species preserving the usual form. From the Schohai-ie grit, Schoharie, N. Y.

Plecrotomaria ? gp. ?

Fig. 24. A Bi)ecimen almost entii-ely denuded of the shell, but retaining impressions of the revolving band
on the Ixxly-volution. From the Upper Helderberg limestone, Clai-euce Hollow, N. Y. This
form may be a cast of Pleurotomaria Ityn.

Plkuroto-maria capillaria?

Piige 77. ;
Fig. 25. Enlargement of a specimen which is referreil with doubt to this species. From the Upper Helder-
berg limestone, Williamsville, N. Y.

im? ifis:ii :iDEitjDi-gg<jsiig5T»ft uLi^MmES'Dai'f 'Ik 's^iET.^ms'^m i^m^ms'

llPYRAMIDELl.lDy«.i

Palasontology of NYVolYPtll.

Plate M

I ri R RiTTiTicmi H.l

PliU.As tilth.

PLATE XIL— Continued.

Cyclonema? (Plecrotomaria ?) sp. ?
Fig. 2*i. The back of a cast. From the Hamilton group, near Leonardsville, Madison county, N. Y.

Cyclonema lirata.

Page 35.
Figs. 27-29. Tbi-ee indiviiiiiala, cliffering in size, but witli the same character of surface. From tlie Ham-
ilton group, Schoharie county, N. Y.

:ii..r, 1, .iv,

Cyclonema multilira.

I'agc 36.
Figs. 30, 31. The opposite sides of the typical specimen. Hamilton, N. Y.
Figs. 32, 33. Two views of an entire specimen which is somewhat compressed.

Cyclonema HA.MiLTONiii;;

Page 37.
Fig. 34. A 8j)ecimen preserving the substance of the shell with the entire surface characters. Pratts Falls,

Onondaga county, N. Y.
Fig. 35. A cast showing a greater number of striae. Schoharie county, N. Y.
Fig. 36. A si>ecimen showing a line on the flattened portion at the top of the last volution. From the same

locality.

Cyclonema obsolescens.*

Page 38.
Fijr. 37. A 1arg«eMt showing the revolving carin® on the upper volutions, but which are scarcely visible
, on the body- whorl.

Cyclonema concinna.

Page 3S.
Pig. 38. An internal cast showing only the upper one of the bands.
Fig. 39. A gutta-iiei-cha cast in the natural mold. The specimen shows no carinse on the body- volution,

except that forming the upper angle, and again at the base of the volution.
Fig. 40. Cast of a larger individual, with the entire lower sui-face of the Ixniy-whorl marked by the carinje,

and only two strong ones on the upper volutions.

* The specific name of obsoleta, originally given, is preoccupied.

PLATE XITI.

LOXONEMA StJBATTENUATA.
Piigu 40.
'P\g, 1, An inteninl cast, eonsistiiifr of three volutions, but showiny no traces of Bui-face charactere.
Vig. S. A ciniilar sjiecnnen, (•(insisting of tive volutions.
Fig. 3. A similar but larger individual, retaining about five and a, half volutions and somewhat compi-essed.

LoXONEMA ROBUSTA.

I'agc 40.

Fig. 4. One of the specimens used in the original description. The opposite side (not figui-ed) shows the
characteri.stio niiirkings of tlw genus Loxonenia faintly traceabh; on the two lower volutions :
those on the larger volution Are sti-ong, three of them occupying the space of moi-e than an
eighth of an inch. ■ ' ■^'- .''.""<-•' (.n.,.:.,.i-.« ,.{t,.,-i>4 i:>ti

Fig. 5. A larger individual, showing the form, but somewhat compressed. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 6. An imperfect internal cast of this species. Clai'en(* Hollow, N. T.

LoXONEMA? COAPTA.

Page 44.

Kg. 7. An imperfect specimen, in limestone of the Hamilton shales, at Eighteen-Mile creek, Lake Erie shore.

LoXONEMA SOLIDA.
Page 41.
Figs. 8, 9. The typical specimens from which the original description was drawn. They ai-e internal casts,
and show no evidence of surface-raarkiags.

LoXONEMA ? TERES.
Page 42.
Fig. 10. A cast of the species in limestone, with no detined surface-markings ; but the form of the volutions,
and the absence of any indication of a i-evolving band, show its relations with Loxonema.

Loxonema pexata.

Page 42.
Figs. 11, 12. Internal caiits of two specimens, which show no extenial markings ; probably of this species.
Stafford, Genesee county, N. Y.

Loxonema pexata var. obsoleta.

Page 4a.
Fig. 18. The lower volutions, showing the form and the surface-markings, which are more arcuate than
represented in the drawing.

Loxoneaia hydraulica.

Page 44.
Fig. 14. The typical specimen.

Palaeontology NYVoiyPt E

( PYRAMTDELLiD.* .)

Plate]

RjemaTxtilitlh

O.B . SinpMb iiL

PLATE XlU.—Cmtimed.

LOXONEMA HaMILTONI^.

Page 45.
Fig. 15. A specimen of the usual size, showing the charactei-istic featui-es of the species.
Fig. 17. An individual of similar character, scarcely differing in size, and preserving one volution less than
the preceding.

LoXONEMA PEXATA.

Page 42.
Fig. 16. A tj-pical specimen of the species. Dublin. Ohio.
Fig. 18. A larger individual, showing the apertni-e in part. From the same locality as the preceding.

LoXONEMA DELPHICOLA.

Page 47.
Figs. 19, 20. Two small sjieciniens, showing considerable variation in the apicial angle, but both having the

Butaral band. From the Hamilton gi-oup ; the firet specimen from Cayuga, the other from

Seneca Lake, N. Y.
Fig. 21. A specimen, showing very coarse markings and a well-defined sutural band. From the soft shales

of the Hamilton group, Cayuga Lake, N. Y.
Figs. 22, 23. Two views of a specimen, with finer surface-markings and a very distinct sutural band. From

the harder layers of the Hamilton group, Delhi, N. Y.
Fig. 24. A specimen enclosed in a coating of smoothed and polished shale (slickensides) — a very common

condition of the species in the soft shales. Fi-om near Geneva, N. Y.
Fig. 25. A similarly coated s[>ecimen, from Cayuga Lake, N. Y. These specimens indicate the commence-
ment of the accretion of soft material about the shell, which, in its final condition, envelops the

fossil in a more or less distinctly formed concretion.

PLATE XIV.

LOXONEMA DELPHICOLA,

Pajre 47.

Fijr. 1. A Urge compressed specimen, marked by tine striae, and showing' a distinct sutural band. Hamilton

shides, near Ilelloiia, N. Y.
¥ig. 2. A 8i)ecinieu frt)m the same locality having the last volution greatly eximnded, with fine markings,
while the upj)er i»art is more coarsely toarked. The sutural band is unusually wide. The
apparent distortion is mainly a condition of growth, and not accidental.

It may be questionable whether the existence of a sutural band is of sjiecific importance, and
the degree of development of this feature in diflerent individuals suggests a doubt as to the
reliance of this chai"acter for sj)ecific distinction between L.Hamiltmiias and L. delphicola.

LoXONEMA BeLLONA.
Page 46.
Fig. 3. A specimen which is mostly denuded of the shell, but showing the form of the volutions. A small
fragment of shell on the body-volution exhibits the surface-marking as indicated in the figure.
Figs. 4, 5. Two fragments showing the form of volution and surface-markings.

LoXONEMA TEREBRA.
Page 48.
I^gs. 6, 7. Gutta-percha casts in the natural mold, giving the foi-m of the shell and the surface-markings.

LoXONEMA STYLIOLA.
Page 48.
Figs. 8, 9. Gutta-])ercha casts, showing the long' subulate spire.

Callonema bellatula.

Page 51.
Fig. 10. A small specimen with angular volutions.
Figs. 11, 12. The opposite sides of a medium-sized specimen, having the angular form and showing the

umbilicus.
Fig. 13. A lai'ger specimen with i-ounded volutions.

F'ig. 14. A still larger specimen, showing the angularity of the volutions somewhat modified.
Fig. 15. A large i-otund sjiecimen referred to this species. From the Upper Helderberg limestone near

Louisville, Kentucky ; the preceding specimens from Dublin, Ohio.

Callone.ma imitator.

I'age 53.
Fig. 16. The upijei- sm-face of the shell, showing the form of the volutions and the surface-marking.
Fig. 17. Lateral view of a specimen showing the elevation of the spii-e and form of volutions.

i^siEE ^EEn^mmnmm,® m^mmmmw! ik Eisissiwsr© rmmrmp's .

Pal ae ontology NYVolY Pt ii

( PYRAMIDELI.ID.fi )

Plate Xlv"

L!.'-l

iviSi^e^

PLATE XV.

EUOMPHALUS DeCEWI.
I'age 65.
Tig. 1. The inner volutions of a. small individual.
Fijf. 2. A larger specimen in cliert.

¥\g». 3, 4 and 8. Three views of a large internal cast of the species.
Figs. 5, 6. Two views of another internal cast.

Fig. 7, An internal cast retaining the inner volutions — a condition seldom noticed in the rocks of New
Vork, these parts being usually destroyed or decollated during the more advanced stages of
growth, as shown in figs. 3, 4 and 5.

E0OMPHALU8 TlOOA.
Page 56.
Figs. 9, 10. The opposite sides of a much worn and imperfect specimen. Pig. 9 shows a part of the outer
volution and the impression of the inner ones. Fig. U) shows the sloping, concave surface of
the umbilical side of the shell.

•£n?ipigm ii3a.:flMi3isiE© ta ©acsjjisiwsTa-^ ©sirajTcnps ,

Palzeontology.N.Y. Vol.y Pui.

( NOr. .XBltDyE )

Plate.XV

PLATE XVI.

ErOMPHALUS PLANODISCrS.
Page 67.
Ft^. 1. The ui>i>er side of a sjwpimen preserving the shell and aui-face-niarkingrs.
Tig. 2. An enlarjfenient of the same.

Figf. 3. The same side of a larger specimen, showing a different chai'acter of sui-face.
Fig. 4. A large internal cast, showing the size of the tube and comparative thickness of shell.

EUOMPHALUS (StrAPAKOLLUS) IN0P8.
* Page 68.

Fig. 5. The umbilical side of the specimen. Fi-om Schoharie, N. Y.

EnoMPHALCs (Straparollus) rudis.

Page 68.
Fig. 6. The upper surface of a moderately large specimen, from which the shell has been partly removed.
Fig. 7. 'ITie upi>er surface of a larger individual.

EUOMPHALTTS (PhANEROTINUs) LAXtJS.
Page 60.
Fig. 8. A small specimen consisting of an entire volution. From the Hamilton group at Bellona, N. Y.
Fig. 9. A larger sjiecimen consisting of less than one volution. From the Hamilton group, Otsego county, N. Y.
Fig. 17. A si)ecimen of the species from Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 18. A specimen preseiTing the inner volutions and imprint of the outer volution.

EuoMPHALirs (Straparollus) Hecale.

Pago 59.

Fig. 10. The umbilical side of a specimen of about the medium size, as obtained from a gutta-percha
impression in the natural mold. From Meadville, Pa.

Figs. 11-14. A series of specimens showing the prevailing charaetere of the species as seen in this associa-
tion, from western New York.

Euomphaltts (Straparollus) clymenioides.

Page 62.
Fig. 15. A small specimen fi-om the Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Phanerotinus parodoxus, Winchell*

Page 60.
Fig. IC. One of the specimens used by Mr. Winchell in the description of the species (taken from a cast).

* This species, which I have compared with E. (P.) Ulcus, is certainly distinct fi-om it.

Palaeontology NYVolVPt IT.

( SOLAHIID^ . )

Plate XVI.

HM Martin del.

?. Niemann iith.

PLATE XVI.— Continued.

Epomphalus (Phanerotinus) Eboracensis.
rage 61.
Vig. 19. The upper surface of an eutire specimen showing- the general form.
Fig. 20. The periphei-j- of the spii-e, showing the cicatrices.

Figs. 21-23. The periphei-ai sides of thr«e other specimens which consist only of parts of the outer volution.
All of these show the constrictions of the tube and the cicatrices left by the removal of frag-
ments ; figs. 21 and 22 show the scars extending entirely through the shell.

PORCELLIA HeRTZERI.
Pa^l26.
Fig. 34. Lateral view of the specimen, natural size.

GONIATITES PLEBEIP0RMI8.
Page 448.
Figs. 25, 26. Lateral and profile views of an individual preserving the chamber of habitation :
volutions having been dissolved and removed.

the inner

PORCBLLIA NaIS.

Page 127.

Fig. 27. Apertui-al view of the typical specimen, which has been obliquely crushed, showing the form and

characters of the shell and the surface-markings.
Fig. 28. The back of the specimen, showing the breadth of the outer volution, the retral bending of the sur-
face striffi aci'oss the dorsum, and the oblique, elongate nodes of the lateral angles.

PLATE XVIf.

Pleurotomaria arata.

Pasre 61.
Fig. 1. The upjier side of the pplre of a very characteristic specimen, somewhat rompressed vert.inally, but

not greatly distorted.
Pig. 2. The same, showing the depth of the volutions and form of the aperture.
Fig. 3. Ba«al view, showing the nmbilicus.

Fig. 4. A cast, witli nmisnally elevated spire and rotund volutions.
Fig. 6. The summit of thf; same individual.

Kg. 6. A vertically compressed specimen forming a 8ti*ong contrast with fig. 4.
Fig. 7. The upper surface of an obliquely compressed specimen which preserves the characteristic markings,

and shows the spiral band with retrally cunning strife, as in tig. 1.
Fig. 8. An obliquely compressed sjtecimen with finer surface-markings.

Pleurotomaria arata var. cxadsa.

Page 65.
^gs. 9, 10. Two views of a small gibbous specimen which bears a close resemblance to the more rotund
forms of P. arata.

Pleurotomaria plena.

Page 66.
Figs. 11-18. Three views of a large, well-formed specimen, showing the form, surface-markings and spiral
band. The outer volution is represented as slightly too rotund.

Palae ontolo gy NYVol y. PLii .

( rLEUROTOMARIILUG. )

DSf ©31SIBJIPS.

-^..

Plate IM

ii:

PLATE XYIII.

Pleurotomaria Luoina.

Page 07.
Fi^. 1, 2. Lateral and vertical views of a small rotund sjiecimen, which is mostly an internal cast, but shows

the form of the volutions. From the Upper Helderbergr limestone, Falls of the Ohio.
Figs. 3, 4. Lateral and summit views of the original specimen figured in the Fourth District Report, showing

the general features of the shell, but not the surface-markings. From the Upper Helderberg

limestone, Clarence Hollow, N. Y.
Figs 5, 6. Two views of a large internal cast. From the Upper Helderberg limestone, near Columbus, Ohio.
Fig. 7. A very large internal cast, pi-obably of this species. Prom near Batavia, N. Y.
Figs. 8, 9. Summit and latci-al views of a large, well-formed specimen, retaining the sm-face-marking more

perfectly than usual in the limestone, and showing the spiral band with its characteiistic features.

The spiral band is not seen upon the second volution, although the surface textui-e is partially

preserved. From the Upper Helderberg limestone, Clarence Hollow, N. Y.
Figs. 10, 11. The opposite sides of a large compressed 8i:>ecimen, with surface-markings much stronger

than the preceding. From the Hamilton group, near Skaneateles Lake, N. Y.

LOXONEMA LAXA.

Page 49.

Fig. 12. An internal cast. From the hard layere of the Chemung group, near Nichols, Tioga county, N. Y.

Palaeontolo^V NYVolY Pt U.

(pLEUROTOMARlID^.. )

PlatelVIIl.

ReimBT\n Liih..

PLATE XIX.

Ctclonema Doris.

I'age S4.
Rg. 1. An exaiiiiile of this 8i>ecie8 fi-ora the Schohaiie (fi-it, Schoharie, N. Y.

Pleurotomaria Hebe.

Page 68.
Flffs. 3-4. Summit, front and basal views of a specimen nearly denuded of shell, but showing: the g-enei-al

form and to some extent the 8urfa<te charactei-s. The apjiearance of a callus covering the

umbilicus is due to the fracture of the solid part of the columella.
F!g8. 5, 6. The opjK>site 8i<le8 of a specimen retaining a portion of the shell and showing sui-face cbai-acters.
tig. 7. A lai-ger si>ecimen nearly denuded of shell.

Pleurotomaria sulcomaroinata.
Pueress.
Fig. 8. The upper side of a specimen. Fi-om the Falls of the Ohio.
Kgs. 9-11. Tlii-ee views of a specimen of the usual size as known in the Hamilton gi-oup of New York,

retaining the shell and surface cliaractei-s.
Fig. 12. Enlargement to two diametcre of a snuiU, iinpei-fect specimen, with surface features strongly marked.

Hamilton group, Pi-att's Falls, N. Y.
Figs. 13, 14. Two views of a specimen enlarged to two diametei-s, showing the more distinct surface striae.

From the Hamilton gi"oup, Delphi, N. Y.
Fig. 16. A large internal cast refen-ed to this species. Hamilton gi-oup at Cumberland, Md.
Fig. 16. An internal cast. From the Hamilton gT(;>up near Deli)hi, N. Y.
Fig. 17. A small specimen, a partial cast, enlarged to three diametei-s. From the Hamilton group near

Delphi, N. Y.

Pleurotomaria delioatula.

Page 70.
Figs. 18, 19. Two views of a specimen with shell, in part, and showing the surface characters.

Pleurotomaria rotalia.

Page 71.

FIgB. 20, 21. Two views of a specimen of usual form and size, enlarged to four diametei-s. Fig. 21 shows
the band on the periphei-y.

Fig. 22. The largest individual found, enlarged to three diameters, showing some modifications in the band
bortlering the suture.

Figs. 23, 24. Ba«al views of two specimens, showing a slight vai-iation in the foinn and size of the callus sur-
rounding the umbilicus.

Fig. 25. Lateral view of a large internal cast for compaiHson with the small specimens of P. sulcmnargliiata
which are of similar size and condition as in fig. 17.

( PI.KUROTOMARIID/E )

Palasonlology of N.YVolVPtll

Plate m

n U r: a_i

Phil.Asi.lith.

' tBs^'

'1- (

PLATE XX.

Pleurotomaria rdoulata.

V&ge 75.
Pigs. 1-3. Three views of a si)<>cimen having the shell denuded ; fig-. 2 shows the plicae near the lip.
Fijfs. 4. 5. The spii-e of another specimen and ai>ertural view of the same.
Fig. 6. Enlargement to two diametei-8 of a specimen with high spire and obliquely compressed volutions.

The substance of the shell is preserved showing the surface-markings and spiral band.
Fig. 7. Enlargement to two diametei-s of a specimen with more ventricose volutions and shorter spire, pre-
' serving the spire and having a proportionally wider band.

Pleurotomaria Itts.

Page 76.
Pig. 8. A large specimen almost denuded of sheU, but indicating surface-markings on the upper volutions

an<i remains of the spiral band on the last volution. From near Bellona, N. Y.
Figs. 9, 10. Two views of an internal cast. From Cumberland, Md.
Pigs. 11, 12. Two views of a partial cast retaining traces of the surface characters toward the aperture.

From western New York.
Fig. 13. A cast showing only the remains of the spiral band. From Canandaigua Lake. N. Y.
Pig. 14. A sjwcimen preserving the surface characteis in remai-kable perfection. From Pratt's Falls, near

Pom[)ey, Onondaga county, N. Y.
Fig. 15. A large, well-iii-eserved specimen retaining the surface characters. From York, Livingston

county, N. Y.
Fig. 16. Enlargement of a part of the body-volution of the specimen figure 11.
Fig. 17. Enlargement of a part of the body-volution of fig. 15, showing some differences in the strength and

character of the markings from those of fig. 16.

Pleurotomaria capillaria.

Page 77.
Figs. 18, 19. A specimen enlarged to two diametei-s, of usual form and size. From the Hamilton group,

Madison county, N. Y.
Fig. 20. Enlargement (two diameters) of a specimen, preserving the upper volutions, and showing surface

charactei-s different from the preceding. From the soft shales of the Hamilton group, Norton's

Landing, east side of Cayuga Lake, N. Y.
Pig. 21. Enlargement to two diameters of a specimen which differs in surface characters from the preceding.

From the same locality.

Pleurotomaria Ella.

Page 72.
Kga. 22-25 The opposite sides, summit and basal views of a specimen which exhibits the surface characters
very perfectly. It has probably been somewhat compressed vertically, flattening the volutions,
but not materially altering the form.

Pleurotomaria filitkxta.

Page 73.

Vig. 96. The side of a flattened specimen with surface characters very beautifully preserved. The trans-
verse striffi are too coarse in the figure, and the revolving striae should be entirely subor-
dinate.

Pig. 27. The opjKwite side of the same specimen, having a part of the outer volution broken away revealing
the columella and umbilical callus.

( PLErROTO.MARIID/R .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPt.IL

PI ate XX

C' B S:r -sor< del.

Phu.AbiiuH.

PLATE XXL

MURCHISONIA DESIDERATA.
)'»gre 89.

Figiii. 1, 2. Anterior aiul posterior views of a sjiecitnen with incomplete spire and imperfect aperture.

Fig. 3. An enlai-gement of part of a single volution, showing the character of the strise and peripheral band.

MuEcnisoNiA Leda.

Fig. 4. An imi)erfect specimen of this species, showing the mouth.

Mdechisonia Maia.

Piigo 91.
Figs. 8, 7, 8. Imiiei-fect indiviiluals of the species.
Figs. 8, 9. Enlargements of a single volution, showing the character of stria" and in'ripbcral hand. .

Mdrchisonia desiderata var.

Page 90.
Fig. 10. A cast from a mold in silica, giving a somewhat more slender form than the typical specimen.

MURCHISONIA MICULA.
I'agc 93.
Fig. 11. A specimen imperfect at the apex (a common condition of the species), enlarged to six diametei-s.

PlECEOTOM ARIA ? APICIALI8.

Page 88.
Fig. 12. View of the spii-e of a s))ecimen as obtained by a gutta-pei-cha ca.st taken from the natural mol<i ;
enlarged to two diameters.

Pleurotomaria trilix.

Page 79.
Fig. 13. Enlargement of a sjiecimen of this species.
Fig. 14. An enlargement of a specimen to two diameters. From the soft shales of the Hamilton group,

outlet of Crooked Lake, N. Y.
Kg. 15. Enlargement of the typical specimen to two diametei-s ; the upper volutions ai-e impei'feet. From

the shales of the Hamilton group, Senecji Lake, N, Y.

Pleurotomaria adjutor.

Page 80.
Pig. 16. A specimen of this species (natural size). From the limestone of the Upper Helderberg group,
Dublin, Ohio.

Plecrotomaria insolita.

Pago 81.
Kg. 17. The only specimen of this species known, enlarged to three diametei-s, and showing the character
of the sui-face.

( PLEUROTOMAHIID^ .)

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolVPtll

PlateXXI.

G.B. Simpson dsl

Pliii.Asi.iiiH.

ifyy

PLATE XXI.— Continued.
Pleueotomakia disjuncta.

Page 84.
Fig. 18. The only specimen of the species yet known, showing the surface oharactei-s over most of the
shell. The outer volution is ilisconnected from the jn-eceding near the aperture, hut this may
be the result of extreme compression.

Pleckotomaria LtrciNA var. perfasciata.

Page 83.
Fig. 19. The lower surface of a specimen, showing the strong concentric, fasciculate strise of the upper

surface continued across this part of the shell
Pig. 20. The upper surface of the same, presenting the usual features of the species on the smaller volution,

but showing stronger concentric striie on the larger volution. The specimen is obliquely

compressed so as to destroy the i-otundity of form.

Plecrotomaria planidorsalis.

Page 82.
Pigs. 21, 23. The under and upper surfaces of a specimen which is obliquely compressed, and having the
spiral band nearly obliterated.

PLATE XXII.

Bellerophon ccrvilineatus.

I'age 04.
Hg. 1. Lateral view of a small specimen retaining the shell and surface-marking-.
Figs. 2, 3. Lateral and jM-olile views of a large, perfect specimen, showing the form and sui-face-markings ;

proliably the original of Mr. Conrad's description.
VSg. 4. A large specimen somewhat compressed, showing strong wrinkles near the aperture.
fig. 5. Lateral view of a sjiecinien of large size, the shell being j)rincipally exfoliated.
Kg. 6. An internal cast of a specimen, not compressed.

Bellerophon Pelops.

I'age 95.
. Figs. 7, 8. Dorsal and lafei-al views of a specimen enlarged.
Fig. 9. Partial view of the aperture of a specimen enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 10. Dorsal view of a cast.
Fig. 11. Dorsal view of a smaller cast.
Fig. 12. Lateral view of the specimen fig. 11.
Fig. 13. Latei-al view^ of the specimen fig. 10- , , , „ .

Bellerophon Pelops var. exponens.

Page Si6.
Fig. 14. Lateral view of a cast showing the inner volutions.

Bellerophon Newberryi.

I'ugi! 97. .

Fig. 15. Dorsal view of a specimen enlarged two diametera.

Fig. 16. The aperture of the preceding specimen ; the outer lip is broken off, and there is no niesjal band,
the striae bending backwai-d on the middle of the shell as in B. patulus.

Bellerophon patultjs.

Page 100.
Fig. 17. Dorsal view of a symmetrical specimen, marked by fine strisB on the smaller part of the outer

volution, and with some strong undulations on the exjianded portion.
Fig. 18. A sjiecimen slightly marked by the arching stris and showing several distinct undulations on the

expanded part of the lip.
Fig. 19. A nearly entire individual presenting the usual characters. The specimen is somewhat distorted.
Fig. 20. A small portion of the outer volution of a specimen, shovtring the strong undulating striffi with a few

finer radiating lines.
Fig. 21. A small specimen with very strong, transverse arching strioe, the lip only partially developed.
Rg. 22. Doi-sal side of an imjierfect specimen, showing the lateral expansions of the columellar lip and the

deep sinus in the centre.
Fig. 23. Dorsal view of a specimen where the pustulose lip is less extended.
Fig. 24. Lateral view of a specimen scarcely compressed.
Fig. 25. Lateral view of a specimen from hard limestone.
Fig. 26. The specimen fig. 17, with the smaller part of the volution removed, showing the callus of the inner

lip beneath.
Fig. 27. Interior view of a large specimen, showing the pustulose callus covering a portion of the volution.
Fig. 28. The interior of the apertui-e, showing the pustulose callus nearly covering the pi-eceding volution.
Fig. 29. Venti-al side of the specimen fig. 23, showing the thickened columellar lip, with the central pustulose

portion elevated above the sides.
Fig. 30. A longitudinal section through the median line, showing the inner volutions and the extent of the

thickened lip. (See, also, figures 10, 11, plate 26.)

( BELLEROPHONTID^ .)

Palasontology of N.YVoiVPt.II

PlateXXH.

G B.SinipsoT-L del

xPhil.Ast.htK.

PLATE XXTir.

Bellerophon Lyra,

Page 113. •

Vig. 1. Doi-sal view of an impei-fect cast.

Bellerophon Leda.

Pase 110.
Fig. 2. The interior of a specimen lying in the rock, showing' the foi-m of the inner lip.
Fig. 3. Lateral view of a specimen similar to the last.

Fig. 4. A jiortion of the venti-al side of a specimen, showing a pustulose columellar lij>.
Fig. 5. A large sjiecimen having the two sets of striffi nearly equal in strength.
Fig. 6. A s|)ecimen enlarged to two diametei-s, showing sti'ong transvei-se markings.
Fig. 7. A further enlargement of the right side of the lip, showing the surface charactei-s.
Fig. 8. An enlargement of the surface, showing the character of tVie medial band and lateral atriee.
Fig. 9. A specimen enlai-ged to two diametei-s. showing the transverae lines entirely subordinate.
Kg. 10. A further enlargement of one side of the specimen fig. 9.

Fig. 11. A specimen enlargp<l to two diameters, showing still strongei- concentric markings than in fig. 6;
Fig. 12. Enlargement to one and a half diametei-s of a specimen where the revolving lines are coale.scent

and less strong on the hody than on the expanded poi'tion ; becoming almost obsolete near the

margin.
Fig. 13. A still gi-eater enlai-gement of the last.
Fig. 14. A sj>erimen with revolving lines very strongly marked, which become prominent and irregular

on the expanded portion.
Fig. 15. Enlargement to two diametei-s of a portion of the specimen fig. 14, showing the characteristic

features moi-e distinctly.
Fig. 16. The body-vtilution of an imperfect specimen, enlarged to two diameters, showing nearly equal

cancellating strise.

.- Bellerophon Lyra.

I'agc 113.
Fig. 17. Tlie anterior expansion of the last volution, natural size.

Fig. 18. A somewhat compressed specimen enlarged to two diametei-s, showing the sui-face-mai-kings.
Fig. 19. A very symmetrical specimen enlarged to two diameters, showing the sui-face chai-actei'H and

distant arcViing laminae crossing the naiTOw, rounded doreal band.
Fig. 20. A further enlargem(!nt of a part of the specimen fig. 19.

auijaanaircssa" ©m©'^ip.

Palasontology of NYVoiyPtJI.

( BELLEROPIIONTJD.E .)

Plate]

G B.SirnpBon del.

Phil Ast hth.

PLATE XXIV.

Bkllerophon natator.

Page 108.
Vig. 1. View of the fragmeni described. The specimen shows the foi-m' of the expanded peristome, its
Btronff undulations, and the impression of the inner lip.

Bkllerophon triliratus.

PHgO 117.

Fig. 2. A fragment of the dorsal surface of a specimen, showing the carination and band.

Bellerophon patulus.

Page 100.
Fig. 3. Dorsal view of a cast, pi-obahly of this species.
Fig. 4. Latei-al view, showing tlie grailual obsolescence of the transverse strise on the sides and towai-ds

the umbilicus, which is well defined.
Fig. 5. The aperture, showing a continuous thickened lip, with the pustulose callosity not extending to the

margin of the apertui-e.
Fig. 6. A jwsterior view of the pi-eceding specimen.

Fig. 7. A posterior view of another specimen, where the pustules are elongate and the mai-gin not sinuate.
Fig. 8. A specimen having a wide callosity, with fine pustules an-anged upon the arching transverse sti-ia;.

The spe<Mmen is partially enclosed in conci-etionary shale with striated surfaces.
Fig. 9. An enlargement of a portion of the doi-sal surface, showing the stronger arching ridges and finer

intermediate strise.
Kg. 10. A large, depi-essed, subhemispheric specimen which is nearly denuded of the shell ; probably B.

patulus.

Bellerophon Helena.

Pago 114.
Fig. 11. Dorsal view, enlarged from the original specimen.

Bellerophon Otsego.

Page 104.
Pig. 12. Dorsal view, showing the bi-oad band with the retrally curving striae and the lobation of the sides
of the shell.

Bellerophon rudis.

Pago 103.
Fig. 13. A specimen showing the undulations, crossed by interrupted revolving ridges.
Fig. 14. A large, impei-fect specimen, with five strong ridges or undulations crossing the axis.
Fig. 15. A smaller sjiecimen, having the same numl>er of undulations.
All the sj)ecimen8 ai-e somewhat distorted by pressure.

Bellerophon trxliratds.

Page 117.
Fig. It). An imperfect specimen, showing broadly expanded and finely striated sides.
Fig. 17. A large, nearly perfect specimen, showing the carina, the doi-sal band and striated surface ; the

expanded i)ortion marked with strong concentric undulations.
Fig. 18. A large, imperfect specimen, showing the ilistinrtly tricarinate character.
Fig. 19. A well presen-ed and symmetrical specimen, with the dorsal band very distinct.

( BKI.i.EnOPIfUXTIU.f; )

Palaeontoloey of N.YVolVPt.II

PlateMIV.

."ipeon del

P. Riemann lith.

.^^mnti

' 'iiiiiii>-'

PLATE XXV.

Bellerophon Thalia.

Puge 106.
Pijf. 1. Dorsal view of » Bpecimen slightly compressed, and soraewhat lengthened in form.
Fig. 3. An obliquply compressed specimen, showing the small umbilicus in an internal cast, and preserving

some remains of surface stiiie.
Fig. 3. A laterally coinpi-esaed specimen.

Bellerophon ACUTILIRA.

I'age 106.
Fig. 4. Latei-al view of a compressed siiecimen eularffcd to two diameters, showing the surface stria acutely

rccurveil.
Fig. 5. Doi-sal view of a small specimen which preserves the shell on the outer part of the volution.
Figs. 6, 7, 8. Three views of a large, nearly perfect specimen, retaining the shell with surface-markings.

Bellerophon M.£ra.

Pngo 119.
Fig. 9. Oblique latei-al ^-iew of a specimen, showing the i-ecurving of the lip over the vimbilicus. The cast

retains faint marks of the surface charactera.
Fig. 10. A 8i>ecimpn showing the form of the aperture and reflection of the lip over the sides of the shell.

Tliis and the following tigs. 11-14 are from gutta-percha impressions in the natural mold.
Fig. 11. A specimen showing the sui-face charactere and the form of the shell.
Fig. 12. A similar specimen compressed, with coarser structure.
Fig. 13. Lateral view of the specimen fig. 11.
Fig. 14. A 8i>ecimen enlarge<l two diametej-s, showing the surface characters and form of the shell.

Bellerophon obsoletus.

Fig. 15. Dorsal view of a specimen as obtained by a gutta-percha cast in the natural mold. The surface
strite make an abrupt retral curve in the centre of the shell.

Bellerophon orenistria.

Piige 116.
Fig. 16. Dorsal view of a specimen enlarged four diameters.
Fig. 17. A specimen enlarged three diameters.
Fig. 18. Doi-sal view of a specimen partially imbedded in the rock ; enlarged to four diameters.

Bellerophon M.£ra.

PaKf 119.
Fig. 19. Dorsal view of a cast, marked only by the sharp doi-sal carina. '

CrRTOLITES (Cyrtonella) PILEOHTS.

Page 145.

Figs. 20-22. Thi-ee views of the internal cast of a specimen of the usual form. Fig. 20 shows the impi-essioa

of a fold on the left side of the postei-ior lip.
Fig. 29. Dorsal view of a specimen preserving the shell.

Ctrtolites (Ctbtonblla) MITELLA.

Page 123.
Figs. 23, 25. Ijiteral and dorsal views of a specimen with the shell partially removed.
Fig. 24. The ajiertnral side of a cast, showing a sinuosity or fold of the lip on the right side.
Figs. 26, 27. Two views of the typical specimen, an intemal cast, with the doi-sal carina strongly marked.
Fig. 28. Enlargement of the surface from the side of a specimen which preserves the shell.

( BKLI.KKOPUONTID.E )

Palaeontoloiy of NYVo] VPtll

Plate :D(?.

£5

£2

^ /9 (>

0 B. Simpson del.

PhilAstlith,

iffH

iflsi.rsH

<#-

XIjy.TuH •/fiil')iiH.< M.«ri

''(Mia tW»i

^BK

-v'-'W

PLATE XXVI.

Bellebophon Pelops.

I'aso 98.
Vig. 1. Lateral view of a partial cast of a specimen from the Upper Helderberg' limestone, at Dublin, Ohio,
:=: B. propiitqua of F. B. Mkuk.

Bellerophon Newbereyi.

I'agu 97.
Vig. 3. A sjMJcimen presening' the delicate doi-sal band.

V%g. 2a. An enlargement showing the doi-sal band, and the ti-ansverse and revolving striee.
Vig. 3. A s|ieciMieii in which moderate wearing- or exfoliation has obliterated the marks of the dorsal band,
while the transvei-se stria; ai-e still well preserved.

Bellebophon hyalina.

Page 99.
Fig. 4. An imperfect specimen, natural size.

Bellerophon brevilineatus.

Page 107.
Fig. 5. An imjierfect specimen in which the striie are continued from the umbilicus over the sides of the

shell, without interruption.
Fig. 6. An imiK'rfect specimen where the stria are interrupted on the middle of the side of the volution.

This and the pi-eceding are enlarged.
Fig. 7. A copy of the figui-e given by Mr. Conkad, ut. cit. page 107.

Bellerophon rotalinea.

Page 115.
Fig. 8. A lateral view, showing distinct revolving stiice, with faint indications of ci-enulations.

Bellerophon repebtus, n. sp.

Fig. 9. A dorso-latei-al view, showing the depressed mesial baud and the evenly cancellating striae of the
extenor sui-face.

Bellerophon patulus.

Page 100.
Fig. 10. A longitudinal section along the median line, showing an extreme thickening of the colnmellar lip.
Fig. 11. A section of a specimen where the thickened columella is moi-e extreme and slightly ditlerent in

foj-m and extent. The substance ha* become crystalline.
Fig. 12. An enlargement of the doi-so-lateral portion of a specimen where the sui-face shows evidence of

revolving stria, which ai-e presei-ved in the furrows between the transverse strise.

Bellebophon aoctilira.

Page 10«. •

Fig. 13. An enlargement of the surface, showing the acutely arching stri« near the apex of the last volution,
and the broader curving of the same near the apertui-e.

Bellerophon explanattts.

Pago 109.
Fig. 14. The dorsal side of the last volution, showing the broad expansion of the peristome and its extension
posteriorly.

( BELLEROr'HON'TID.E .)

Palaeontologv of N.YVolYPt.lI.

Plate XM.

Phil.Ast.lith_

PLATE ^^Yl.—Cmtinmd.
Bellerophon trilekatus, juvens ?

Page 118.

Fig. 15. A small imperfect specimen, preserving the tricarinate character, with faint marks of revolving
striae.

Fig. 16. The doi-sal side of a specimen exhibiting the tricarinate character, with faint indications of concen-
tric undulations.

Bellerophon nactus.

Page 121.
Fig. 17. The dorsal side of a small specimen which is unusually narrow, with a sharp carina.
Fig. 18. A doi"80-l«teral view of a broader and more gibbous specimen.

Bellerophon M^ra.

Page 119.
A cast of the interior, pi-eserving the dorsal cai-ina and showing the expanded peristome.
A specimen partially preserving the shell, from which the surface-markings have been removed by
maceration and solution.

Fig. 21. Lateral view of a large specimen, from which the shell has been partially removed by maceration,
and preserving the surface-markings on the outer portion of the volution.
Lateral view of a cast of the interior.

A longitudinal section, showing the inner volutions and the gradual thickening of the columellar
lip. See, also, plate 25, figure 10.

Fig. 19.
Fig. 20.

Fig. 22,
Fig. 23

, Bellerophon Leda.

Page 120.
Fig. 24. A dorso-lateral view of a specimen with a simple dorsal band, without revolving strise, and some
incipient longitudinal plications.

Ctrtolites (Cyrtonella) PILEOLUS.

Page 125.
Fig. 25. A dorsal view of a specimen in which the shell is partially preserved.

Porcellia Nais.

Page 127.
Fig. 26. A dorsal view of the specimen, showing the mesial band.
Fig. 27. An oblique ventral view of the j)receding specimen.
Fig. 28. The inner volutions of another individual, showing the fine cancellating strise and lateral nodes.

.1.1 !ui r /•.iiii'nuia.i.i;ifl

PLATE nVII.

EnoMPHALCs (Plkuronotus) Decewi.

Pajtcs 55 and 137.

Pig. 1. A lateral view into the spiral depression, exhibiting the angular fomi of the apei-ture, as shown
where the shell lies upon its base.

Kg. 2. The umbilical side of the specimen, showing the subquadrate form of the apertui-e as seen from
beneath. The shell becomes thickened and lamellose towards the mouth. The suiface-
markinps are only partially pi-eserved on a part of the outer volution— th^ i-emainiiig portion
of the shell having been covered by a Sti-omatopora.

Fig. 3. The upper side of the shell, showing the depressed spire. The 8urfat;e-markings ai-e in part pre-
served, while much of the anterior portion of the last volution is covered by a Brj'ozoan. The
peripheral band is distinctly niai-ked, even where the shell is removed, and the depth of the
marginal sinus is shown by the direction of the strise — the aperture being filled with Stroma-

"' ' topora. '■'- -Ai'i

Kg. 4. A section across the centre, as illustrated on plate 15 ; the upper part of the figure, a, cutting the
volution (of a cast) near the aperture ; 6 showing the form at half a volution preceding ; and e,
the form at a single volution from the aperture.

EroMPHAxus (Straparollus) oltmenioides.

Page 62.
Kg. 5. The upper side of a large specimen,^ preserving a little more than one volution entire, with the

remaining portion crushed and imperfect.
Kg. 6. A smaller specimen, showing a single volution with partial impressions of the remaining volutions.
Both the specimens are casts of the interioi-.

EuoMPHALUs (Straparollus) Hecale var. corpulens.

See page 59.
Kg. 7. The umbilical side of a specimen associated with OrthU Tioga, fi-om the Chemung group.

EuoMPHALUs TioaA.

Kg. 8. The umbilical side of a specimen, associated with authentic Chemung fossils at Nichols, Tioga
county, N. Y.

( pleurotomariida; etc )

Palaeontology of N.Y.VoIVPt.lI.

Plate XXVir.

.11] '

•1^

PLATE XXVIII.

LOXONEMA SIOULA.
Page 43.
Fig'. 1. A longitudinal section in chei-t,-of a specimen preserving thirteen volutions, enlarg^ed to two diameters.
Vig. 2. A fi-ag-mt'iil showing the last four volutions with a portion of the aperture, natural size.
Vig. 3. The lower volutions of another specimen, enlarged.

LOXONEHA ROBUSTUU.
Page 40.
Kg. 4. A ca«t of the interior, incomplete at the apex. From the limestone ijf the Upper Helderberg.

LoXONEHA SUBATTENUATUK.
Page 40.
Vig. 5. A cast of the interior, nearly entii'e, from the Schoharie gi-it, Schoharie, N. Y.

LoXONEMA HaMILTONI.«.
Pago 45.
Fig. 6. A specimen in limestone pi-eserving thirteen volutions, the last one imperfect.
Pig. 7. A cast of the interior, in the Goniutite limestone of the Marcellus shale.
Fig. 7o. An enlai-gement of the strite on several of the volutions for comparison with other species.

LoXONEMA HYDRAHLICUM.
Page U.
Fig. 8. An enlargonient of a fragment preserving thi-ee volutions, showing the constricted suture and char-
acter of the strise.

LoXONEMA KECTISTRIATUM.
Page 130.
Fig. 9. A 8i)ecimen with the apex impei'fect, natural size.
Fig. 9a. An enlai-gement of the surface to show more distinctly the character and direction of the strisE.

LoXONEMA L.«VID8CirLUM.
Page 131.
Fig. 10. A specimen of the ordinary form of the species.

LoXONEMA L.«VIUSCULUM, Var. ?

Fig. 11. An elongated, slender form, preserving about nine volutions, associated with the preceding, and
yrithuut any chai-acteristic markings of the surface.

LoXONEMA BREVIOULUM.
Page 132.
Vig. 12. A longitudinal section of the specimen.

LoXONEMA P08TREMUM.
Page 132.
Pig. 13. An internal cast which preserves marks of the strie upon the last volution.

( PYRAMIDELLID.E .)

Jalaecntology of N.Y.VolVPtH.

Plate XXVUT.

0.3. Simpson del.

Pnu.Asi.utn.

PLATE XXYIII.— Continued.

LOXONEMA MINUSCULA, n. Sp.
Fig. 14. A specimen preserving seven volutions, and apparently entire at the base. This form is common
in the limestone of the Marcellus shale at Cherry Valley, but the surface-markings are not
preserved. .. :ii;i/ r

LoXONEMA DELPHICOLA.
Pago 47.
Fig. 15. An imperfect specimen of unusually lai-ge size and rounded volutions, and preserving the charac-
teristic sutural band.

Plattostoma TURBINATUM.
Page 27.
Fig. 16. A small specimen with i-otand outer volution, having the surface marked by unusually strong and
well defined strise.

HOLOPEA MA0R08T0MA.
Page 33.
Fig. 17. A specimen of unusually large size, partially preserving the shell.

Callonema bellatulum.

Page 51.
Fig. 18. A young specimen (fig. 10 of plate 14) greatly enlarged, to show the angular character of the outer

volution both above and below, while the higher'Volutions are angulated upon their ujiper

margin.
Fig. 19. The lower side of an individual of medium size, showing an open umbilicus.

Platyceras dcmosttm var. barispinum.

Page le.
Fig. 20. The doi-sal side of a 8i)ecimen, preserving the remains of four spines, the lower one being extremely
elongate, and still incomplete at the apex.

.ivmvwiu diJxd'l

PLATE XXIL

TcBBo Shumardii.

Page 135.
Vig. 1. A small specimen showing' the ftperttir*, wi'tli the ptefistbin* very nearly entire, while the thickened

columellar lip is completely pi-eserved.
Fig. 2. The opposite side of the same specimen, showing the oblique nodes and the angulai- peripheral

carina.
Pig. 3. Doi-sal view of a large individual, showing the elevation of the spire, and the strong oblique nodes,

which, in some instances, inva*le the i)ei'ij)heral cariua, giving- an undulating outline.
Fig. 4. Tlie summit of the pi-ecediug^ specimen, ^ojpig the volutions and the form and character of the

nodes. ,_,f i,.M-i«i„ ■. .-.f...« -..ll -iMivi.rf .ir.,it'i('>/ •t-.tn-. ! :.r^.-r ifth? rn,..;■..,^, i:,',,. / ;.r „;.|

Naticopsis comperta, n. sp.

Pig. 6. The posterior side showing- the apertui-e, with the peristMne neai-ly entii-e.

Pig. 6. The anterior side of the pi-eceding shell. The specimen is from the Upper Helderberg limestone,
and enlarged to two diameters.

EUOMPHALUS [PliiURONOTUS] DeCEWI.

Vage» 66 and i:i7.

,Fig 7. T\\f upper side of the spii-e of a specimen of medium size. The shell is coai-sely striated, and,

1 with the peripheral band, well preserved on the outer volution. From the Upper Kelderberg

limestone of Ohio. Collection of Dr. J. S. Nbwberet.

Plattceras dumostjm.

' r<< I'l^ 1 Page U.

Fig. 8. A very coarse, sti-ong specimen, mainly an interior cast, preserving a few strong spines. The
specimen is from the Schoharie giit at Schoharie— a position in which this fossil is rai-ely found.

( TURBINID^ etc .)

Palasontology of N.Y.VolY PtJI,

PlateXXK.

0 SSmipsondel

PhJl.Asi.lim.

PLATE XXX.

Pleueotomaria adjctoh.

Page 80.
Fi^. 1. A figure of the peripheral band, and the strite above and below, enlarged three diametera.

Plecbotomaria Itys.

Page 76.
Fig. 2. A figure of the peripheral band, and the stria; above and below, enlarged three diameters.

Pleueotomaria insolita.

Pago 81.
Fig. 3. The mesial band and adjacent strite, enlarged five diameterti.

Pleueotomaria nitella.

Page 85.
Rg. 4. An enlanjement of the mesial band, showing the bicarination on each side, with the simple sharp
strise ; four diameters.

Pleueotomaeia Itys var. tenuispira.

Page 87.
Fig. 5. The peripheral baud, with the adjacent 8tri«, enlarged four diameters.

Pleueotomaeia capillaria, var.

^ Pago 87.

Fig. 6. An enlargement of the peripheral band, showinir a single revolving line and more distant stria; than

the typical forms of the species. See figures 20 and 21.

Pleueotomaria capillaria.

See page 87.
Fig. 7. An enlargement from the oi-dinary form of this species, showing a striate peripheral band, and
closely an-anged striiE above and below.

Pleurotomaeia SULCOMAEGINATA.

Pago l».
Rg. 8. An enlargement showing a plain iieripheral band with the striae carinated above and below ; two

diametei-s.
Fig. 9. A similar enlargement from another specimen, showing a striated peripheral band, with the stri«

uninterrupted above and marked by a very faint carination below ; three diameters.

Pleueotomaria Lucina.

Pago R7.

Fig. 10. The surface of a specimen from the Hamilton group, showing the character of the striae on the two
outer volutions — the peripheral band on the last one 1)eing marked by fine transverse strife,
while the one pi-eceding it baa both transveree and revolving strise ; natural size.

Fig. 11. The surface of a specimen fi-om the Upper Helderberg limestone, showing the character of the
peripheral band, with the strongly cancellated striae above and below ; enlarged two diametei-s.

Pleurotomaeia quadeilix.

Page m.
Fig. 12. An enlai-gement of the periphei"al band and surface stri»; two iliametei-s.

Pleueotomaeia teilix.

Page "9.
Fig. 13. An enlargement of the peripheral band and adjacent striae, giving the characteristics of the surface ;
three diametei-s.

Teochus (Fal^otrociius) Kearneyi.

I'ugc 133.

Fig. 14. The dorsal side of a specimen which preserves the striffi upon the last volution ; the upper volutions
being denuded of the shell, and the apex incomplete.

( PLEUROTOMARIID^ .)

Palasontology of NYVolVPt.II

PLATE XXX—ConUmed.
Pleurotomaria filitexta.

Page 73.
Fig. 15. The upper side of a small individual.

Fig. 16. A large individual which is vertically compi-essed and somewhat distorted.

Fig. 17. A large specimen, imperfect in the spire, which has been laterally compressed, giving an exag-
gerated elevation to the volutions. These last two figures ai-e from unusually large individuals
of the species.

Pleurotomaria quadrilix.

Page 86.
Fig. 18. A lateral view, showing the form of the shell and the character of the peripheral band. The last
volution is incomplete. Enlarged to three diameters.

Pleurotomaria nitella.

Page S).
Fig. 19. A lateral view showing the foiiu of the spije. the cliaracter of the peripheral band and stria; (which
are farther enlai-ged in tig. 4), enlarged two diaraetei-s.

Pleurotomaria oapillaria, var. rustica, n. var.

Page 87.
Fig. 20. The upper side of an impeifect specimen, showing the great expansion of the outer volution.
Fig. 21. A lateral view of a similar foi-m, which shows a much less elevation of the spire than the ordinary

fomls of the species.
Fig. 22. A very large and much expanded specimen, which is apparently only an exaggerated form of this
variety.

These all differ fi-om the typical foi-ms of P. capUlwria in the comparatively less elevated
spire and gi"eater expansion of the outer volution.

Pleurotomaria Luoina.

Page 67.
Fig. 23. The outer volution, showing the spii-al band without defined limitation, and near the aperture the
mark of a fracture during the life of the animal, followed by some irregularity in the subse-
quent mode of growth.

Pleurotomaria Luoina?

See page 67.
Fig. 24. A specimen of irregular form and growth, which has the aspect of a dwarfed and exaggerated
variety of P. arata or P. Liiciiia, preserving some features of both. The stri», so far as preserved,
have the chai-acter of the latter species, while the costse present much similarity to the former.
Pleurotomaria Itys, var. tenuispira.

Page 87.
Fig. 25. The posterior side of the specimen, showing the form of the aperture and rapic'ly attenuating spire,
enlarged two diameters. See, also, figure 5.

Pleurotomaria arata.

Page 64.
Fig. 26. A very rotund form of this species. The specimen is a cast of the interior, jireserving the remains

of the concentric costae npon the upper side of the last volution.
Fig. 27. The npper side of an extremely depressed specimen, partially preserving the shell in a macei-ated

cond'tion, and showing the strong concentric costse.

MURCHISONIA MICULA.
Page 93.
Fig. 28. An enlargement of the Iai<t volution, showing the peripheral band, with the impressed Hue below,
And also the subcarinate featui-e of the upper margin of the volution.

MUROHISONIA INTEROEDENS.

Page 9-2.

Rg. 29. The posterior mde, showing the subcenti'al periphei-al band and nearly entire aperture j natural size.

PLATE XXXI.

TeNTACTJLITES ARENOS0S.

I'age IM.
Fig. 1. An internal cast.
Vig. 2. Enlargement of the same. The lower end shows a fragrment of the shell and its relative thickness.

TkNTACULITES SCALARIPORMIS.
Pago 167.
Fig. 3. A sjiecimen from cherty limestone of the Upper Helderberg group.
Fig. 4. Enlai-gement of the same, showing the form of the annolations ; the surface has obscure encircling

striff not well indicated on the figui-e.
Fig. 6. A specimen which I'etains the shell.

Fig. 6. Enlargement of the same, showing the annulations and the encircling striK.
Fi^. 7. A sjiecimen of somewhat differeut form.
Fig. 8. Enlargement of the same.
Fig. 9. A fai'ther enlargement, showing the irregularity of the striae and their existence on the annulations

and in the depressions between.
Fig. 10. Enlargement of a specimen which shows an inequality in the strength and distance of the annulations.
Fig. 11. Enlargement of a specimen in more compact limestone, having the shell removed by the fracture

of the rock, and showing its thickness.

Tentaculites graoilistriatus.

Page 173.
Figs. 12-14. Enlargement (to eight diameters) of three specimens, showing the difference in form and surface
characters. See plate :<1 A.

Tentaculites bellulus.

Page 169.
Fig. 15. A specimen showing the general features of the species.

Fig. 16. Enlargement of the same, showing the form of the annulations and the encircling strise.
Fig. 17. Enlargement of a specimen showing similar features. The shell is broken at a point near the

middle, showing its thickness.
Fig. 18. A furthei- enlargement of the upper portion, showing the more abrupt slope of the annulations on

the apical side (lower side of tigure).

Tentaculites attenuatus.

Page 170.
Fig. 19. A gutta-pei-cha impression from a fragment of the rock, showing a group of the shells.
Fig. 20. An enlargement of one of the individuals from the same piece of rock.

Tentaculites spiculus.

I'age 172.
Fig. 21. A gutta-percha impression from a fragment of rock from the Chemung group. Snuthof Ithara, N. Y.
Figs. 22, 23. Enlargements "of two indiviiluals fi-om the above specimen. These show a slight difference in

the form of the annulations.
Fig. 2i. A gutta-i)ercha impression from the weathered sni-face of a fragment of rock of the Chemung

group. Cortland, N. Y.
Fig. 25. Enlargement of a specimen, from the same block, which is more slender in form than those on 21,

but showing similar sui-face characters.

( ■rKNTAcrL.iTin.fi .)

■aiasontoiogy of MY'/oiyPt.II

Plate nXl

Phil.Asiiltil.

PLATE XXXI A.

Styliola fissceella.

Page 178.

Tig. X. A fragment of slate with numerous crushed specimens of the fossil, enlarg-ed to three diametei-s.

Figs. 3-t5. Individuals from the surface of the slate, showing the variety of form and surfiicc-markinffs ;
6g. 2 being strongly striate longituilinuUy ; tig. '^ showing transverse and longitudinal stria; ;
and fig. 4 pi-eserving only transvei-se striie ; while figs. 5 and Ij ai-e without visible stria; imder
an or»linai-y lens. All the preceding figures are from the Marcellus shale. Figs. 2-6 are
enlai-ged to six diametei-s.

Fig. 7. A fragment of the Genesee slate covered with Styliola fissurella, enlarged to three diametera.
All the following figures are enlarged to six diameters unless otherwise indicated.

Fig. 8. A crushed specimen showing obscure ti'ansverae striae ; the apex acute.

Fig. 9. A crushed sj>ecimen without visible transverse strite, and with the extremity bulbiform.

Fig. 10. A specimen in its natural proj«)rtions, the margin of the aperture broken away on one side. The
surface is obscurely marked by ti-ansvei-se stria;, and the extremity slightly bulbiform.

Fig. 11. An individual which is apparently contracted near the aperture, vnth the surface faintly striate
concentrically, and the apex acute.

Fig. 12. A smaller form similar to the preceding, without visible t.ransvei-se striae.

Fig. 13. A larger compressed specimen with obscure transvei-se sti-iie.

Fig. 14. A jwrtion of an individual where the transverse strise are more closely arranged, and more con-
spicuous.

Fig. 15. An individual of large size, where the lower part of the tube is essentially smooth, or preserving
only obscure concentric striie, while towards the aperture these striie become much stronger,
and are cancellated by longitudinal stria;; the latter being visible only so far as shown in the
figure. All the figures from 11-15 inclusive have no perceptible expansion at the apex.

Fig. 16, o, 6, c. Specimens showing an apparently intermittent mode of growth.

Fig. 17. A specimen showing the insertion of one individual within another ; the outer broken margin
being of the shell, and the intermediate portion the filling of mineral matter between the two.
It is prebable that some of the iiregular specimens referi-ed to intermittent growth may be due
to conditions similar to fig. 17 ; but in other examples it is clearly the mode of growth.

Figs. 18, 19. Two small individuals of regular form and acute apices, with faint, ti-ansvei-se undulations,
which are scareely defined as strise.

Fig. 20. Three individuals lying in juxtaposition and preserving their natui-al propoi-tions ; two of them
show evidence of intermittent growth, and are contracted near the aperture, while the third one
is simple. The surfaces are marked by faint undulations or obsolete strife.

Fig. 21. A short, broad form, the breadth increased by compression.

Fig. 22. A short, broad specimen with the aperture entire. From the Genesee slate. Lexlnyton, Indiana.

Figs. 23, 24. Two individuals of slightly different shape (fig. 23 being a Utile more compressed), both of
which have the sui'face distinctly cancellated by fine, longitudinal and transvei-se stiiae.
Fig. 24 is slightly bulbiform at the extremity, while fig. 23 is acute.

Kg. 25. A fragment showing the cleavage surface of a calcareous layei- in the Genesee slate, which is
chiefly composed of Sttliola with a few Tbntaculitbs. Natural size. Cayuga creek, Erie
county, N. Y.

Fig. 25 a. A polished, translucent section from a calcareous layer in the Marcellus shale, showing the trans-
verse and longitudinal sections of Sttliola ; enlarged to three diameters. Cherry Valley, N. Y-

Figs. 26, 27 and 28 are very minute, slender forms of Sttliola enlarged to six diameters, as in the preceding
and following figui-es of this species. The apices are slii^htly bulbiform ; and on figure 27
there are obsolescent stria;, while figures 26 and 28 are smooth. From the compact layer
composed of the shells of Styliola, in the Genesee slate. Cayuga creek, Erie loanty, N. Y.

The figures from 7 t<i 28 inclusive, except 25 o, are from the Genesee slate. The figures 29
and 30, and 83-36, are from the shales in the lower part of the Hamilton group, above the
Mai-cellus shale.

paleontology of NYVoIVPt.II

LMaiffllus shale & Grnrsee sliHc .
( TENTArULlTrn.fi I

pi^tc:)rrnA

OB Gimpstin dei

PLATE XXXI K— Continued.
Sttliola pissurella.

Pago 178.

Fig-8. 29, 30. Two individuals from the «oft calcareous shales of the Hamilton group, presenting- the prevailing
forms in that honzon, with suifaees entirely smooth. Fig-ure 29 is slig-htly bulbiform at the
apex ; fig-ure 30 is acute, presenting a depressed line along the middle of its length, which is
due to pressui-e.

Figs. 31, 32. Two individuals, enlarged to six diameter.=<, showing strong longitudinal stris, and faint, trans-
verse annulafions; the smaller one is slightly expanded at the apex, and the larger one
distinctly bulbiform. These specimens are from the calcareous band in the Marcellus shale at
CheiTy Valley, and are referred to ,Sf. fi/t.iure.lla var. gtrigata.

Fig. 33. A more elorgate form, whei-e the striffi are obsolescent, being barely perceptible under a strong
lens, and appearing smooth under ordinary observation. The apex is distinctly bulbiform.
This form occui-s associated with those of figures 29 and 30, in the calcareous shales of the
Hamilt(m group.

The forms illustrated in figures 29, 30 and 33 are referred to .S fissurella var. ohaolesceiis .
See page 180.

Sttliola obtusa.

Page 182.
Fig. 84. A fragment of shale covered with individuals of this form. Natural size.
Fig. 35. A small sjiecimen with a scai-cely perceptible bulbifoi-m apex.

Fig. 36. A largei- individual with the apex bulbiform. The surface is entirely smooth. From the shales of
the Hamilton group.

Tentaculites GRACILISTRIATUS.

Page 173.

Figs. 37. 38. Specimens of similar character with the apices acute. The specimen, figure 38, is somewhat

contracted near the aperture, and free from annulations.
Figs. 39-42. Specimens of similar chai-acter, varying iu the proportional number and distance of the

annulations. and in the comparative length of the smooth part of the tube towards the apex.

The apices are all bulbiform. From the soft shales of the lower part of the Hamilton group.
Fig. 43. A similar form, where the annulations ai-e moi-e acute, and somewhat unequally distant, with the

apical portion marked only by longitudinal striae.
Rg. 44. A specimen, in the compact limesttme of the Marcellus shale, whei-e the annulations are sharply

defined and continuing to the extremity, so far as preserved.
Fig. if>. A small si>ecimen from the Genesee slate, where the annulations are continued nearly to the apex.
Fig. 46. A fragment of shale, preserving Tbmtaculitbs and Sttliola upon its surface, and presenting the

usual conditions, as they occur in the shales of the lower part of the Hamilton group ; enlarged

to six diameters.
Fig. 47. A small fragment of shale with the apical portions of Tentaetdlt^ gracilistriatus, which preserve

only slight undulations of the surface, with a single smooth Styliola.

Tentaculites bellulus.

Page im

Pig. 48. A specimen partially denuded of the shell, the thickness of which is shown on each si<le of the
fig-ure. The annulations are irregular, and the tube contracted towards the aperture ; enlarged
to two diametei-8.

Fig, 49. An individual partially donnded of the shell, and showing distant and irregular annulations. The
apex has become solidified from organic dejiosition, as shown in the lower part of the tigui-e.

Fig. .W. The apical |)ortion of a specimen, where the annulations are regular and closely arranged through-
out. The figure i-epresents the specimen enlargeil to two diameters, and the surface is marked
by about sixty annulations.

Fig. 51. A group of individuals of this 8pe'.:ie3, as they occur on the surface of the shale ; enlarged to three
diameters.

PLATK XXXir.

COLEOLUS OBBNATOCINOTnM.
Page 188.

V\g. 1. k fragrnient in chert, where the shell is crystallized in silica ; natural size. The Bection below shows

the diameter of the tube, and proportional thickness of the shell.
Fig. 2. An enlargement from a small fragment of another individual in chei-t, whei-e the surface character

are preserved.
Vig. 3. An elongate tubular foi-m in limestone, which apparently belongs to this genua and epecies.
Fig. 4. A fragment of similai- character with the preceding, but more curved and irregular.

CoLEOLUS TENDIOINOTUM.

Page 185.

Fig. 5. A small individual which is cinished at the larger end. Owing to the position of the individual, the

strite appear to be directly transverse.
Fig. 6. A larger flattened specimen, which is fractured longitudinally along the centre of the exposed surface

The strife are oblique. Figure enlarged.
Fig. 7. An individual with finely striated surface, the upper end of which is partially inclosed in a striated

fold of shale. The striae on the shale ai-e due to slipping or concretionary action. Enlai'ged.
Fig. 8. A small specimen in its natui-al proportions, enlai-ged two diameters, showing the slightly expanding

cylindrical tube, with its characteristic annulations.
Fig. 9. A further enlargement of a portion of the specimen figure 8, showing the oblique annulations and

fine longitudinal strise.

Clathrocoslia eborica.

Page 204.
Fig. 10. The exposed face of the specimen in shale, showing the arching septa (or laminte), with the longi-
tudinal lines obscurely indicated.

Htolithes liqea.

Page 195.
Fig. 11 . The venti-al surface of a specimen, showing the faintly^impressed sides with a more strongly convex

centre.
Fig. 12. View of the dorsal side, showing the deeply concave margin of the aperture.
Fig. 13. Profile view of the same, showing the relative convexity of the two sides of the specimen.
Fig 14. The doi-sal surface of a sjiecimen. From the Schohai-ie gi'it.
Fig. 15. A transveree section of the specimen, figure 12.
Fig. 16. A smaller individual of the same species (?) which has been some what irregular in its mode of g^wth.

HyOLITHES PRINCIPALIS.
Page 196.
Figs. 17-19. Three views of an imperfect specimen, showing the rapid increase in diameter, the relative
convexity of the opposite sides, and the ai-ching of the lip of the aperture on the convex side of
the shell.
Fig. 20. The doi-sal sui-face of a large specimen supposed to belong to this species, but showing more angu-
larity along the middle, and a different ratio of increase in width.
Fig. 21. A transverse section of the specimen, figui-e 17.

I IIVDI.I rlllD.K )

Paiasonioiogy of N.YVolVPi il

Plate XXXI!

PhilAstUtli.

!'(

PLATE XXXIL—Cmtinued.

HyoLITHES ACLI8.

Page 197. '■• ' '

Fi^. 22. The ventral side of a large specimen fiactiired by compression. ->c^g,

Fig. 23. 'Hie opposite side of the same. 'wB-^ -V ''

Fig. 24. Profile oulline of the same, showing the convexity. ""

Fig. 2'). A more expanded and comparatively shorter form. The cavity contains the head of a small Dal-

MAXITBS.

Fig. 26. A transverse section of a specimen of this species.

Figs. 27, 28. Two different forms of opei-culum associated with the above, and supposed to belong to the

same species.
Fig. 29. An enlai-ge<l figure from a specimen of angular form, showing obscure longitudinal striae, and distinct

suture-like lines. In the lUiutialUms of Dewmian Fossils this figure (as fig. 9 of Plate XXVII)

is errone(msly referred to H. striatux.

Htolithes A0LI8, var. petaloidea.

Page 197.
Fig. 30. The ventral side, with the central portion depressed, and limited by a distinct angularity on each
side.

Htolithes striatus.

Page 199. /'i

Fig. 31. An enlargement of a specimen to three diametei-s, showing the ventral surface with longitudinal

strite, and the impi-es.sion of the angular side with charactei-istic impressed lines.
Fig. 32. An enlargement of the doi-sal surface to six diameters, showing the longitudinal striae.
Fig. 33. A ti-ansverse section of a specimen of this species.
Fig. 34. An operculum found associated with the specimens, and supposed, from its form and radiating

striae, to belong to the species.

PLATE XXXII A.

COLEOPRION ? TENUIS.

Pag« 184.
PJjf. 1. A specimen in shale, natural size.
tig. 2. A ^H>i-tiun of the same enlarg^ed, stiowinj; the longitudinal grove and oblique sirise.

COLEOLUS CRENATOCINCTDM.
l'«^ 18?.
Fig. 3. A 8i>ecimen in which the trAnsvei-se strise or aunulations are barely perceptible.
Fig. 4. A piece of limestone preserving portions of' several individnals of this species, which ai* broken
longitudinally, showing the inteiior filling and the thickness of the shell.

,'l.i ■ ■: i W 1 • : . ii

CoLEOLUS? MOHRI.

Pngc 189, , .

Fig. 5. A fragment of an individual imbedded in limestone, showing, in part, the interior cast with the erysr

talline shall, and the faintly striated impresmun of the exterior in the lower ]>art of the •pecimon.

CoLEOLUS TENUICINCTUM.

Page 18S.

Fig. 6. A sjiecimen, natural size, which is compressed and longitudinally grooved from fractni-e, at both

extremities, while the cential portion is morn faintly stnated, and shows no lontritmliiial groove.
Fig. 7. An enlarg»>ment of a fragment which is strongly striated at one end with a longitudinal depression j

the i-emaining portion being faintly striated, ami preserving its natui-al proportions.
Fig. 8. Another imlividual, enlarged, .showing the smaller extremity much flattened, strongly striated and

longitudinally grooved. The central portion is more distinctly striated, without longitudinal

groove, while the largei- extremity has a sliglit longitudinal groove an<l stronger anniilations.
Fig. 9. A fragment enlarged. The annulating strim ai-e regular and shai'ply defined, and the longitudinal

groove is evidently due to fractni-e. The longitudinal striffi aT-e likewise shown in the specimen.
Fig. 10. An imperfect specimen, natural size, showing fine, equal and obliquely-annulating strise.

H JT/.i.'i'ia Ha JIT J JOY II
CoLEOLUS AQfOULCH.

Page 187. ^,.,^, ., .,„_^_,

Fig. 11. An indiviiiual, natural size, which i.s flattened upon the surface of a slat}- lamina ; the lower portion

Khowiug a longitudinal lino of fiiicture, with obscure indications of trausvei-se stria; neaa' the

aperture.
Fig. 12. A siuiila)' specimen to the piecediug, but less distinctly preserved.
Fig. 13. A fragment of slate, preserving a crushed specimen of this species, ami a young, or the smaller

extremity of another indivi<lual.
Fig. 14. A small or imi)ei'fect individual of this species from the green shale of the Portage group, in which

occurred the original of Oiihoceras ac'imilnm.
Fig. 1.^1. A fragment of wh.it appears to be the same species, preserving obscure transverse strijE. The

specimen is pi-e.^erved in a soft olive shale. The transverse sti-iHj in this figure and in tiguie II

are much too strongly re))resented.
Fig. 16. A crushed and imperfect inilivi<iual. apparently of this species. The lower part of the imprint

kIkiws i>bs<!iire, car.cellaing striae.

CoLEOLUS (DeNTALIUM ? ) ACICULATUM.
Page 190.
Fig. 17. A fragment of limestone, preserving poi-tions of two individuals. Natural size.
Fig. 18. A part of an imlividual enlarged, showing the cajt of the interior and the thickness of the shell.

I UYOLITHID.e .)

Palasontology of N.YVolVPtJI,

PlateXXXEA.

HBereman lift.

PLATE XXXII K— Continued.

COLEOLUS ? GRACILIS.
Page 190.
Fi^. 19. A fi-.ij,'ment of an iDdividual, showing the ordinary form and the natural curvature of the shell.

HyoLITHES TEILIttATUS.

V*ge 401.

Fig. 20. The doi-sal side of an imperfect individual, imbedded in the rock, showing a double groove along

the dorsal angle.
Fig. 32. A large individual, showing a distinct groove along the doi-sal angle, with the lateral angles crushed,
and the shell partially separated.

Htolithes ACLIS.

Pago 197.

Fig. 21. The ventral side of a small individual, which is compressed near the margins, and the sides par-
tially separatcl at what ap]ie«r to he, the suture lines (= var. peiahridea).

Fig. 23. The venti-al side of a specimen preserved in the coarser shale, and showing longitudinal stride very
distinctly near the lower margin.

Fig. 24. The inner surface of the shell on the ventral side, showing the longitudinal and transverse striae,
and also the longitudinal lines of apj>ai-ent fracture from compression (= var. petalmdea).

Fig. 25. An enlargement of an operculum, supposed to belong to this species, showing the surface characters
more in detail than figure 27 of plate 32,

„,94;jl-WHE8 STEIATnS. ._,^ .
Page 199.
Fig. 26. An enlargement of an operculum, soppooed to belong to'ibie. species.

Htolithes sinqulus.

Page 202.
Fig. 27. The lower part of an individual of thia species, showing the character of the surface-markings, and
obtusely triangular forui of the shell.

Clathrocoilia eborica.

Page 204.
Fig. 28. The exixsed flat side of a 8[)ecin>en, showing the arching and recurved septal markings, with some

(if the longitudinal striie.
Fig. 29. A larger indivi<lual than the preceding, showing the arching, septal markings and the longitudinal

sti-iii-. The shell, in the lower part, is ci-ushed, and appears to be separated in distinct arching

laminar rings.

PLATE XXXIII.

CONULARIA UNDULATA.
Page 206.

Figs. 1, 2. Two v-iews of a slightly compresseil cast of an imperfect specimen, showing the expansion, and the
general charactere of the species.

Figs. 3, 4. The opposite sides of a lai'ger cast, somewhat compressed, showing a more gradual tapering
form, with the deeply concave septum truncating- the apex.

Figf. S. From a gutta-pereha impi-ession in the natural mold, the specimen showing a rapidly tapering shell,
as in figui-es 1 and 2, with crowded stria' at the lower extremity. The surface is marked by the
imprints of several DlsciNA which have been attached to the surface. It is possible that further
examination, with a larger number of specimens, may prove the form shown in tigui'es 1, 2 and
6 distinct from that of figures 3 and 4.

Fig. 7. A diagram giving the form of a transverse section of the specimen fijfures 1 and 2.

CONULARIA C0NTINEN8.
I'ago 212.
Fig. 6. An enlargement of the surface from a well-preserved specimen.

CoNULARIA CREBRI8TRIATA.

Page 210.

Pig. 8. A fragment in shale, showing a very gradual expansion of the cone, and very fine cvowded ti-ans-

vei-se strije.
Fig. 9. Enlargement of the surface, showing the transverse stHse apparently destitute of nodes. This
appearance may be due to partial exfoliation of the shell.

( coxL-LAniiu.t: .1

Palaeontology of N.YVolYPtll

Phil.Ar.v [V'.i.

PLATE XXXIV.

CONULARIA CONGREGATA.

Pare 2U.

Fig. 1. A fragment of « large slab which contains parts of eleven different individuals. Many of these have
a species of Discina attached, as seen also on Conularia continens, and in C undulata.

CoNULARiA Cayuga.

Page 211.
Fig. 2. An imperfect specimen, as obtained from a gutta-percha impi-ession in the natural mold, showing

parts of two of the faces of the pyramid.
Fig. 5. Enlargement of the surface jis seen on three different parts of the specimen. The two upper lines

of the figure show chai-acters seen on the upper half of the shell ; the lower part exhibits the

features as seen on the larger part near the angle where the lines become crowded. The

transvei'se ridges, whei'e perfect, are studded with elevated nodes.

Conularia continens.
Pago 213.
Fi^. 4. A small specimen showing two of tjie faces.
Fig. 3. Enlargement of thfi surface of the same, showing the markings.

Fig. 6. A fragment of a larger specimen, with very crowde<l strise near the apei'ture. This specimen
shows three Individuals of DUtcina humilis which have been attached to the surface.

Palaeontology of NYVolVPlII

( COXfl.AHUD.K .]

PlateXZX"

nimmiu^'^^^^^^^

mmim m

<' Jirapccm del

Phtt.Ast-hm.

PLATE XXXIY A.

CONULARIA UNDULATA,

Page 208.

See Plate 38.

Fig'. 1. An enlftpgement lo six dinmeters from a gutta-pei-cba impression of a mould of the specimen repre-

sonted in fig. S, plate 38
Fijr. 2. A small specimen with extremely fine transvei-se striae, and resembling' very closely Conularia cr»-

brUtriata.
Pi(f. 3. A tiansverse section of fig. 2, showing the quadrangular form, with concave sides and indented

angles. The si)ecimen is slightly distorted by pi-essure.
Fig. 4. An enlargement to six dianietei-s of the surface of the specimen fig. 2, showing the character of the
shell surface on the right hand of the figure, and of the cast of the interior on the left, with
the somewhat oblique longitu<linal striiB.

Conularia crebristriata.

Page '210.
See Plate 33.
Fig. B. An enlargement of the sui-face of this species to six diameters from the specimen fig. 8, pi. 83, showing
the n(>de8 upon the ti-ansverse lidges, and the longitudinal striae. A comjiarisou with the other
figures, having the same degree of enlargement, will show the distinctive featui-es of the species.

Conularia continens.

I'agc 213.
See Plates 33, 34.
Fig. 6. An enlargement to six diaraetei-s, showing the interlocking of the transveree ridges. The nodes are
pre.scrved in some parts, and the longitudinal striae are shown over the entire surface, as they
usually appear.

Conularia continens, var. rudis.

Pago 215.
Fig. 7. A specimen, natural size, showing the short, abrupt cone, and the strong sui-face-markings.
Fig. 8. An enlargement of a j)ortion of llie surface of fig. 7, showing the truii8\'cr.se i-idges, with the nodes
preserved on some parts; while the intermediate, longitudinal striae are strongly marked.

Conularia congreqata.

Page 214.

See Plate 34.

Fig. 9. An enlargement from the specimen illusfi-ated in fig. 1, pi. 34, 8ho\ving the strong and somewhat

iiTegular, nodo.se, transvei-se ridges, and the intermediate, longitudinal striae, which are usually

obscure or obsolete.
Rg. 10. An enlargement from another portion of the surface of the same specimen, on which the transvei-se

ridges are almost free from nodes, and the longitudinal striae are obscurely visible ; probably

due to maceration or exfoliation.
Fig. 11. An enlargement from another specimen of the same species, showing the transverse ridges almost

entirely free from, or obscurely marked by, nodes, while the intermediate, longitudinal stria

ai-e continuous and well presei'ved.

Conularia Newberryi.
Fig. 12. An enlargement to two diametei-s of the transverse ridges, showing their delicately annular
character, and the manner of their junction along the centre of the lateral face. The figure is
given for comparison with a similar portion of the surface of C. continens, tig. 6.

Palaeontology of NY.VolVPtlL

( COXVLAIUia*; .]

PlaieOTIVA.

GB, Simpson del

Pha.Asl.litii.

PLATES AND EXPLANATIONS

CEPHALOPODA.

PLATE XXXV.

Ortuoceras Pklops.

Pago -233.
See Plates 35 A, 37, 78 B.
Fig. 1. A fragment, preserving a considerable portion of the chamber of habitation, showing a gentle con-
striction below the apertuie. The great convexity of the septum at the lower extremity of the
tigui-e is due to the flattening of the si>ecimen. Schoharie, N. Y.
Figs. 2, 2 a. A septate fragment, retaining its form and septa, without compression j 2, a section showing

size and position of siphuncle. Helderherg tnountains.
Fig. 3. EiJargement of a portion of the test from specimen tig. 2.

Orthoceras luxum.

Pago m.
See Plates 76, 77, 78, 78 B, 81, 112. (
Fig. 4. A cru.shed fragment, showing a usual ex.solute condition of the air-chambers. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 6. A fragment of the septate portion of an individual, pi-esenting the characters of the organic deposit

on each side of the carina, and on the ventral walls of the chambei-s.
Fig. 6. Same as the preceding, showing this feature in a less marked degree.
Fig. 7. A small fragment, retaining, in the cast, evidences of the lamellose-striate surface of the test.

Orthoceras Tantalus.

Page 241.

See Plate S5 A.

Fig. 8. A specimen retMning a portion of the chamber of habitation and fifteen air-chambers. The banded

or zoned appearance, so prominent in 0. cbigvlv/m, is here m.uch leas marked.
Fig. 9. A septum of the jjreceding specimen, showing the size and position of the siphuncle, and the organic

deix)sit on the septum around the si])huncle.
Fig. 10. Portion of a large individual, presenting the same features as specimen figs. 8, 9.

Orthoceras carnosum.

Pago 258.

Fig. 11. Ventral view of a specimen retaining the grand chamber and ten of the air-chambers, showing the
surface characters and the sinus of the ornaments, ScMiarie, N. Y.

e
c

iMPMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

>•

IBilBfciiii»»»*i'»ii»"«iiii»i>iiitwi.

■s

B
on

PLATE XXXN.— Continued.

OrTHOCERAS JACULtrM.
Page 366.
Fig. 12. A fragment, preserving eight air-chambei-s and a portion of the chamber of habitation. Surface-
markings are shown over a portion of the tube. Upper Helderberg limestone at Clarence
Hollffw, N. Y.

Orthoceras molestum.

Page 268.
F ig. 13. The chamber of habitation nearly entire, and a portion of five of the posterior air-chamberB, show
ing the regular and rapid expansion of the tube to the aperture, Upper Helderberg limesto ne
Clarence Hollow, N. Y.

Orthoceras pravtim.

Pace 255.
See Plates 36, 81, 112.
Pig. 14. An enlargement to six diametei-s of the surface of a portion of the test remaining on specimen fig. 1,
pi. 36, showing the character of the transverse strise.

Orthoceras PROOERtrs.

Page 249.

See Plates 78 A, 79.

Fig. 15. An imperfect individual, preserving the outer chamber nearly entire, with about thirty-six septa.

Schoharie grit, Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 16. Septum of specimen fig. 1, pi. 78 A, showing the position and size of tUe siphunele at the septum.
Schoharie, N. Y.

PLATE XXXV A.

Orthoceras Pelops.

Paue 233.
See Plates 35, 37, 78 B.

Fig. 1. A large, imperfect individual, retaining its normal foi'm and convexity. Several additional cham
bers, belonging to the specimen, at the smaller extremity, are not represented iu tlie figure.
ClarkmiUe, N. Y.

Fig. 2. Longitudinal section showing the depth of the chambera, taken from the middle of sxiecimen fig. 1.

Fig. 3. A septum of specimen fig. 1, showing the position of the siphuncle.

Fig. A. Longitudinal section showing traces of the siphuncle in its passage through the chambers.

Fig. 6. A very large, flattened chamber of habitation belonging to this species, showing a constriction near
the a|>erture. Knox, N. T.

Fig. 6. Longitudinal section showing the depth of the chambers somewhat shallower than usual, the con-
cavity of the septa, and remains of the siphuncle.

Orthoceras Tantalus.

I'age m.
See Plate 35.

Fig. 7. Longitudinal section showing the depth of the chambei-a and the convexity of the septa." Traces of

an expanded siphuncle shown iu the specimen are not represented
Fig. 10. A septum showing the size and position of the siphuncle, surrounded by an areola, and an organic
• deposit on the septum.

Orthoceras Ohioense.

Page 238.
See Plate 36.
Fig. 8. Longitudinal section from specimen (plate 36, fig. 4). The septa are mostly broken away. Evi-
dences of a slightly expanded siphuncle are shown in the fii-st two chambers, but not repre-
sented in the figure. Delaware, Ohio.
Fig. 9. A septum of preceding specimen, showing size and position of the siphuncle.

6
to

TLATE XXXVI.

Orthoceras PRAVm.

Pftge 255.
See Plates 35, 81, 112.
Pig. 1 . A («pt«te fragment, preserving' nearly its normal form. The transverse strite and areolar markings
and striations on the septa are not I'epresented.

Orthoceras stylus.

Pago 253.
See Plate 79.

Fig'. 2. A small individual, preserving thirteen chambers and a portion of the grand chamber. A longita-

dinal section of this specimen is shown in fig. 1, pi. 79.
Fig. 3. A larger individual, showing the great length and cylindrical form of the chamber of habitation.

Orthoceras Ohioensi.

PaKe 2Sfi.
See Plate 35 A.
Fig. 4. Lateral view of an indi^ndual, retaining the chamber of habitation and twenty adjacent chambers,
showing the slight curvature of the tube, which is apparently a noi-mal feature. Upper Hel-
derberg, Delauxire, 0.

Ctrtoceras EUOENIDM.'
Page 369.
See Plates 47, 96, 97.
Pig. 5. The inner side of a portion of the shell imbedded in limestone, showing Httle or no curvature, with
the lamells extending on either side. A reraai-kably large individual of the species. This speci-
men is the original of Orthaceras foliatum. Schoharie grit, Schoharie, N T.

Palaeontology NYVbiyPtn.

( OHTIlOCEIIATID.f: . )

Plate XXXVI,

P.Biemannlith,

PLATE XXXVII.

Orthooeras inoptatum.

Page 267.
See Plate 113.
Fisr. 1. A fragment, retaiuing a large part of the chamber of habitation, and showing the regular frequency
of the septa. From the Upper HeUlerberg limestone. Wett-em New York.

Orthoceras budiocla.

Page 268. •'

See Plate 112.
Fig. 2. A septate fragment, showing the rapid expansion of the tube, and the increase in the depth of the
wr-chambers from the apex toward the chamber of habitation. Stafford, N. Y.

Orthooeras Pelops.

Pago 233.
See Plates 3.5. 35 A, 78 B.
Fig. 3. A septum, preserving the natui-al fiireulai- form of the transverse section.

Pig. 4. A 8*!ptum, showing an elliptical form, due to compression. Schoharie grit. Schoharie and _the
Hdderberg mountains.

Orthooeras viator.

Pago 270.
Fig. 5. A fragment, preserving the chamber of habitation nearly entire, and portion of two of the air-cham-
bei-s, partially showing the double constriction of the tube toward the aperture. Upper Hel-
derberg limestone. Clarence Hollow, N. Y.

Orthooeras (Edipus.

Page 29i.
See Plate 82.
Fig. 6. A fragment, probably of the outer chamber, showing the surface ornaments Hamilton group.
Oeneseo, N. Y.

Orthooeras proptjndtjm.

Page 271.
Fig. 7. A cast of the chamber of habitation, preserving its normal form arfd retaining the imprint of the

surface-markings from the interior of the test. WiUiavuiville, N. Y.
Fig. 8. A fragment of the test of the grand chamber, showing the surface ornamentation. Black Sock, N. Y.
Fig. 9. A partial cast of the chamber of habitation, preserving a portion of the shell. M'ilUainsville, N. Y.
The specimens of this si>ecies are all from the limestone of the Upjter Helderberg.

( ORTHO.CEHATID.E .)

PalaeontolosvNYVoIVPt H

Plate XXXV£

G B.Simpfiori dfl

P. Rieiuann lith

PLATE XXXVIII

Okthoceras Sicinub.

Page SOI.

V\jl. 1. A frapm^nt showing the form and proportions of the shell, with the obscure annulations and sur-
face-markings. The annulations ai-e not represented sufficiently distinct. Marcelhis shale-
Aran. N. Y.

Kip. 2. An enlargf-ment of the surface of the preceding specimen, showing' the rounded annulation.s and
reticulate surface.

OrTHOCERAS 8UBTJLATUM.

Page 283.

See Plates 84, 86.

Fip. 3. The original of the species, which is nearly entii-e, preserving the chamber of habitation. The

specimen is flattened fi-om pressure in the shale. Marcellus shale. Bloomfield, N. Y.

Okthoceras Marcellense.

Page 278.

See Plate 83. 113.

Fig. 4. A fragment preserving several of the air-chambers, and a portion of the test with the external

markings.
Fig. 5. Tlie ventral side of a larger fragment retaining portions of the test over the surface, and the carina

on the internal mould, which is too prominently represented along the chamber of habitation

t<iwards the aperture. ~

Fig. 6. A nearly entire individual showing the length of the outer chamber and the increase in the frequency

of the septa toward the apex. The peculiar organic deposit and ornamentation of the internal

cast, shown in the specimen, are not represented in the figui-e. The apex is i-epresented as

entire, but several air-chambei-s are wan'ing in the specimen.
Fig. 7. A larger example, imperfect at both extremities, retaining fragments of the test on different parts of

the surface.
Fig. 9. An enlargement of the surface, showing the transverse strise interrupted by longitudinal lines.

The above specimens are all from the Gouiatite limestone of the Marcellus shale. Manlvim,

Marcellus, and other places in New York.

Orthoceras APTUM.

Page 2S2.
Fig S An individual presei-ving the greater portion of the chamber of habitation, and over thirty air-
chamt)er8, showing the gradually enlarging tube, and the curved and oblique septal sutures :
doi-sal view. Goniatite limestone. Manlius, N. Y.

Orthoceras Bebrtx.

Page 275.
See Plates 39, £3, 84.
Fig. 10. A large fragment of the septate porlion, retaining a part of the chamber of habitation. Hamilton
shales. Caienovia, N. Y. '

PLATE XXXIX.

Orthoceras Bebrtx, var. Caydoa.

Pago 276.
See PlattjB 86, 91, 92.
Fijf. 1. An internal cast, showing a portion of the chamber of habitation and fifteen of the adjacent air-
chambers. Lower beds of the Chemung. Curtland, Cortland county, N. Y.

Orthocekas Bebryx.

Page 275.
See Plates 38, 83, 84.
Fi(f. 2. A fragment, obliquely compi-essed, producing an arching of the septal sutures. Hamilton group.
Madison county, N. Y.

Orthoceras exile.

Page 290.
See Plates 84, 85.
Fig. 3. An indMdtial nearly entire, showing the gentle constriction of the tube near the aperture, and the
slender form of the shell. This is the original specimen of the species, and is from the coarse
shales of the Hamilton g^-oup at Cazenovia, Madison county, N. Y.

Orthoceras emaceratum.

Page 292.
' .See Plate 85.
Kg. 4. The original of the species, showing the depth of the chambei-s and the gradual enlargement of the
tube. Hamilton group, South S?ioTe of Lake Erie.

( ORTHOCEHATU)^ . )

Paleontology NYVolV.Pt E.

PlateUM,

PBiemann ]itli.

K,M.Martm i'S,

PLATE XL

Orthoceras Eriensb.

Page 274.

See Plate 87.

Fiy. 1. The chamber of habitation appai-ently entire, with a portion of two of the adjacent air-chambers*

Lake Erie shore, Hamburg, N. Y.
Fig. 3. The convex Burface of a septum, from the preceiing specimen, showing the central position of the

siphuncle.
Pig. 3. A portion of the test, enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 4. A fragment of the septate portion of an individual referred to this species. The specimen is extremely

compressed, and preserves no surface-markings as evidence of the position of the siphuncle.

A parasitic, branching Bryozoan extends over a portion of the extei-ior of the air-chambers.

Otitoo, Onondaga county, N. Y.

I onTiiocRH.vnu.K . )

ialasontology of NYVolVPtlT.

PlaleXL.

Is Sltnnc,.„ J.

PLATE XLI.

Okthoceras Thoas.

rage Ml.

Siee Plates 78 B, 79, 80, 112.

Fig. 1. A compressed fi-agment of the outer chamber, which is more closely annulated than usual, showing

lon^tudinal striie in some pai-ts.
Fig. 2. A similar sjiecimen, showing striie upon some parts of the surface. This and the preceding are

from the limestone of the Upper Helderberg at SchoJiarie, N. T.
Figs. 3, 4. Specimens pi-eserving the outer chambers, which are scarcely compressed, with the annulations

more distant than in the preceding specimens. The surface preserves the longitudinal stria.

These specimens are from the Schohai-ie giit, and are the originals used in the description of

0. Thoas. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 5. The non-septate portion of a small individual, presei-ving the cylindrical form and the more frequent

annulations, except at the upper end. From the Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 6. A large non-septate portion of a specimen retaining the natural form, and showing closely arranged

annulations in the lower part, which gi-adually increase in distance tow^ard the apertui'e, where

they ai-e much more distant. Schohai-ie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 7. A septate fragment with the annulations closely aiTanged, and more angular than usual. This

specimen is the original of 0. Hyas. Schoharie gi-it. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 8. A small uncompressed, septate portion of an individual, showing the regularity of the septa and

annulations. From the Upper Helderberg limestone at Clarence Hollow, Eric county, N. Y.
Fig. 9. A fragment of a large individual referred with doubt to this species. The specimen is much com-

pi-essed, and preserves no remains of the surface ornaments. The obli(|uity of the annulations

is apparently due to the flattening of the shell. From the Corniferous limestone of Ohio.

( ORTHOCEnATID.t: . )

Paleontology NYVblVPt H

Plate XH.

B Simpson doi

i'. Riemann lith.

lO BAaar:

PLATE XLII.

OaXHOCEBAS OBOTALUM.

Page !96.

See Plates 82, 113.

Pig. 1. A porUon of the chamber of habitation, showing the absence of annalations near the aperture, and
the strong, lamellose, striate surface of the internal mould. Schoharie county, iV. T.

Fig. 3. A specimen similar to the preceding, with the annulations more prominent, and slightly oblique.
PraU's falls, N. T.

Fig. 3. A fragment somewhat compressed, showing the marked annulations, and the depth of the air-
chambers. Cazenovia, N. T.

Fig. 4. A more slender sjiecimen, showing the amount of compression, and the obliquity of the annulations,
with the septal sutures intersecting them by planes oblique to the axis of the tube, and to the
direction of the annulations. Cazenovia, N. T.

Fig. 5. A small, septate fragment, preserving the cbai-acteristic, line, longitudinal strise over the exterior of
the tube. Hamilton, N. Y.

Fig. 6. The chamber of habitation nearly entire, showing the absence of annulations near the aj^erture, and
a jwrtion of a broad retral curve in the annulations over one side.

Fig. 7. A fragment showing the increase in the distance and prominence of the annulations from the apex
toward the outer chamber. Otiseo Lake, If. Y.

Fig. 8. A compressed fragment, exhibiting the same charactei-istics as the preceding specimen. Hamil-
ton, N. Y.

Fig. 9. A lateral view of the same, showing the amount of compression.

Fig. 11. A portion of the surface enlarged from specimen fig. 5, showing the fine, regular, longitudinal
strix. Two of the septal sutures are shown in the upper furrow.

Fig. 12. A fragment of a large individual with more distant annulations. Qenegeo, Livingtton county, iV. Y.

Obtboceras C.£LAHEN.

I'age 298.
See Plates 43, 82, 113.
Fig. 10. An imperfect specimen, retaining portions of the test, and showing about twenty annulations. North
Bristol, Ontario county, N. Y.

Paleeontology NYVoIVPtH.

- ( ORTHOCEHATUJ.« .)

PlatelLE.

G B. Simpson del

P.i^iGinanniuh.

PLATE XLIV.

GOMPHOCERAS EXTMIUM.

Page 329.
Pig. 1. An indiviiiual slightly compressed, preserving a large portion of the chamber of habitation and thir-
teen air-chambera ; showing the gibViosity of the shell and the slope of the sides toward the
apertui-e. Coluinhus, 0.
Fig. 2. A smaller individual, much disturbed by compression, and showing some variation in the depth of
the iui--cliambei-8, compared with the preceding.

The specimen is fi-om the lower limestone of the Upper Helderberg group, in the vicinity of
Buffalo, N. Y.

I— «

ri^-

a.
>

>' . ..

PLATE XLV.

GOMPHOOERAS OVIFORME.

Pa«e SU.

See Plates 46, 94.

Fig. 1. A view of the aperture of a^ specimen showing- the comparative size and relations of the \a.vge ami
small apertures. Goniatite limestone of the Marcellus shale, near Maidius, N. Y.

Fijf. 2. Dorsal view of a specimen, Bbowing- the general form of the shell and the truncated apex. The api-
cal portion is not fully represented, the specimen pi-eservinf^ considerable more of the test cover-
ing the apex than is represented in the figure. A fragment of the test is preserved on the
chamber of habitation, showing the line, lamellose lines of growth. Goniatite limestone. Sclio-
harie, N. Y.

Pig. 3. The aperture of the preceding specimen, which is somewhat larger in proportion to the diameter of
the tube than in the specimen shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 4. A view of the aperture of another individual, which exhibits a considerable variation from the pre-
ce<ling specimens in the position of the apertui-e and the non-symmetrical ai-rangement of the
large and small apertures. Goniatite limestone. Scftoharie, N, Y.

GOMPHOCERAS FiSCHERI.

Page 336.

Fig. 5. Lateral view of an individual, showing its fusiform shape and the crenulated zone at the base of the
chamber of habitation, with the furrows continued over the walls of the air-chambers. A frag-
ment of the test, showing the surface-markings, is preseived over a small portion of the air-
chambers. The apical portion is partially restored, and represents a much smaller apical angle
than is indicated in the other specimens of the species. Goniatite limestone, near Manlins, N. Y

Fig. 6. Represents a fragment of another specimen from the same locality, preserving the shell over the
eutire surface of the tube, and showing the broad sinus of the striae over the ventral side.

( GOMPHOCERATID^ .)

PalsontologyNYVolYPt.il.

Plate XLV;

P. Riemann lilh.

riATE XL\ 1.

GoMPnOCERAS CONRADI.

rage S48.
Tig. 1. Lateral view of a small iiulividual, showing the eiKiogastiio curvature of the tube, the furrows of

the crenul&tioiis at the base of the chamber of habitation, and the coucentnc striiB of the teat

over the septate portion. Uoniatite limestone. Manlius, N^. T.
Vig. 2. Ventral view of the pi-eceilinjf, showings the small apertuie inJ the form of the shell.
Fig. 3. Veutral view of the chamber of habitation of a lai-ger individual, showing' the constriction of t'.e

lube near the ajwirlure, and the narrow, crenulated zone at the base. Goniatite limestone.

Manlius, y. Y.

GOMPHOCEHAS BETA,
rage im.
Fig. 4. An individual considerably compressed, preserving the greater portion of the chamber of habitation
and air-cbanibei-8. The curvatui-e of the sutures is due to compression. Schoharie grit.
Schoharie, 2f. Y.
Fig. 5. Ventral view of the chambered portion of anotlier individual, showing the impression left by the
removal of the siph uncle in the pi-ocess of weathering. Schoharie grit. iScholtarie, iV. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS OVIFORME.

Page 314.
See Plates 45, 94.
Fig. 6. A small, globose individual, showing the general form of specimens of this size. The epidermal
layer of the test has been exfoliated at the apical portion of the tube, showing the markings
and strnctui-e of the nacreous layer. Goniatite limestone. Scholiarie, N. Y.
Fig. 7. An enlargement of the surface of the apical portion of the preceding, showing the cbaractei-s of the
uaci-eous layer of the test.

GoMPHOCERAS ABSENS.

Page 344.

Fig. 8. Lateral view of a fragment showing the curvature of the tube. Schohai-ie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 9 Venti-al view of the preceding, showing the enlargement of the tube, the regularity of the air-cham-

bei-8, and the impression of the siphuncle, which has been removed in the process of weathering.

PhBAGMOCERAS ? EXPAN6UM.

Figs. 10,_10. This specimen is erroneously figured on this plate as from the Hamilton, but belonging to the
Coralline limestone of the Niagara group. See Addenda for explanation.

The i-epresentation of the sijjhuncle is incori'ect ; the specimen shows^t to be on the concave
side of the tube. .

Ctrtoceras alternatum.

Page 3B5.
Fig. 12. Ventral view, showing the undulations of the tube and the siphuncle, as exposed in the process of

weathering. The undulations and rounded nodes on the tube are not fully repi-eseiited in the

figui-e. Goniatite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. i;). Lateral view of the preceding, showing the curvature of the tube.

GOMPUOCERAS CLAVATUM.

Page 3-23.

See Plate 93.

Fig. 14. Lateral view, showing the endogastric curvature of the tube and the comparative convexity of the

dorsal and ventral sides. Schoharie grit. Albany county, N. Y.
Fig. 15. A view of the convexo-doi-sal side of the preceding, showing the form of the tube and the depth of
the air-chambei-8.

( CYRTOCKRAT1U.1-; .)

PalFfiontology of NYVolVPtll

PlatelLVI

HWM&i<PW i.A

P.Rieriia:ir. Ii:r.

PLATE XLVII.

Ctbtooeras (Gohphoceras) mexula.

. PageSeo.
See Plate 111,
Fig. 1. Ventral view of a chambered fi-ag-ment, showing the enlargement of the tube and the depth of the

air-chambers.
Fig. 2. Lateral view of the preceding, showing the amount of the curvature of the tube. Upper Helderberg
limestone. Clareiice Hollow, N. Y.

OtETOCERAS M0R8UM,

Page 3ii7.

Fig. 3. Ventral view of a fragment which is imperfect at the apex, showing traces of the transverse costa

of the test and the slight sinus along the ventrum.
Fig. 4. Lateral view of the preceding, showing the curvature of the tube. This specimen is the type of the
species, and is fi-ora the Upper Helderbei'g limestone. Clarence Hollow, N. Y.

CtRTOCERAS EOQENIUM.
Page 369.
See Plates 36, 96, 97.
Fig. 5. Lateral view of an individual nearly entire, showing the straight outer portion and curved apex.
Several fragments of the test, preserving the surface-markings and ornaments, are adhering to
parts of the tube. The internal mould preserves the furrows of the crenulations and the annu-
lations marking the exterior ridges of the test.
Fig. 6. Ventral view showing the sinus of the ornaments and apei'ture, with the variation in the prominence
and frequency of the annulations and transverse ridges toward the apex and near the aperture.
Fig.V. Dorsal view of the sti-aight portion of a large individual showing a slight gibbosity, due to the
gradual contraction of the tube toward the aperture. The dorsal margin of the aperture is
shown to be continuous and entire. In this example the prominent expansions of the test
become obsolescent toward the aperture, where the shell is marked by lamellose lines of growth.
These specimens are from the Upper Helderberg limestone, at Schoharie, N. Y.

GtROCERAS 8P1NOS0M.

Page 382.

See Plates 48, 49, 98, 99.

Fig. 8. Ventral view of a compressed specimen, showing the nummuloid elements of the siphuncle, as exposed

in the process of weathering. Schoharie grit. Scholiarie, N. Y.

;Bfi?3?i^i5i iH!g!Li£jrg3iiB!sm© &m.mwii'.

Paleontology of K.Y.VoU/ Pt.II

SchoKarie ^ii-il.j
( fYHTOCflHATID.*: .)

Plate XLVn.

b.Sin^soti del

F. Biemarm hth

PLATE XLYIII.

GtROCERAS 8PIN0SUM.

I'age 38-2.

See Plates 47, 49, 98, 99.

Fig. 1. A chaml>ered fragment, showing the inner volution of the shell and the bases of one of the lateral

rowB of spines. The air-chambei-s near the apex ai-e numerous, becoming gradually deeper

toward the aperture. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 2. A small, coinpi-essed fragment, showing somewhat deep«r air-chambers than in the preceding

specimen. Schoharie, N. T.
Fig. 3. Lateral view of a fragment, preserving its natural, uncompressed form, showing portions of the

test and the bases of sevei-al of the lateral and ventral spineS; Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 4. Lateral view of a portion of the outer volution, preserving the chamber of habitation, with akout

twenty air-chambei-s. The bases of two lateral rows of spines are obscurely shown iu the

BI>ecimen, as represented in the figure. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 5. Ventral view of a small, well-preserved imiividual, nhowing the enlargement of the tube, the sinus

in the strije, and the two rows of spines, with the revolving ridges ornamenting the ventral side

of the tube. A lateral view of this specimen is given on plate 93. Schoharie, N. Y.

Schoharie Orit.j

I CYRTOtTRATID.t: .)

Palaeontolagy of NYVolVPtJ.I

PlateXLVm

Q.B Simpson dsl

F. Fliemarm litK.

PLATE XLIX.

GyKOCERAS SPINOSnM.

Page 3*2.
See Plates 47, 48, 98, 99.
Figr. 1. Lateral view of a large, compressed fragment, showing- the cui-vature of the tube and the depth of
the air-chambera. On the concavo-dorsal side the test is pi-eserved, ami shows the undulating,
lamellose lines of growth. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Gyeoceras validum.

Page 38C.
See Plate 100.
Pig. 2. Lateral view of a large fragment, preserving the chamber of habitation and twenty-six attached
«ir-eh«mber8, showing the curvarture and form of the shell, with no trnres of a i>rominent orna-
mentation of the test preserved on the internal mould. Schoharie grit. Scholiarie, N. Y.

PLATE L.

Ctrtoceras Jason.

Page 381.

Fig. 1. A l^i-ge tngnwnt, preserving- the grand chamber and a portion of the air-chambers, showing the
curvatui-e of the tube and the depth of the air-chambers. Toward the apex there is a sinus in
several of the septal sutures, produced by the spinous processes of the test.

Fig. 2. A fragment of a large individual, preserving the natural form of the shell, showing the hexangular
form of the tube and the sinus of the ornaments on the ventral side. Several fragments of the
test are pi-eserved, with the lamellose surface-markings. The interaal mould retains the
im]>i-e88ion of the furrows and strite of the crenulations, with the bases of the spines on
the obtuse angles of the tube.
The specimens of this species here illustrated are from the Schoharie grit, Schoharie, N. Y.

( CYHTOCKHATlD.t: .)

Palaeontology of N.YVolVPtll

PlateL.

GB Simpson del

P.Hiemaimliih

PLATE LI.

Ctrtoceras citum.

PaRC 372.
Tig. 1. Lateral view of a small fragment showing- the curvature of the tube, and the reg-iilar numerous

annulations of the internal mould corresponding to the transverse ridges of the test.
Fijr. 2. Ventral view of the preceding, showing the characters of the sinus in the lamellae.
"Fig. 3. Longitudinal section of a fragment of another individual, showing the curvature and enlargement of
the tube, but preserving no traces of the septa.

The specimens of this species here illustrated are from the Upper Helderberg limestone, at
Schoharie, N. T.

Gtroceras Nereus.

Page 373.

Fig. 4. Lateral view of an individual, showing the depth of the air-chambers and the curvature of the tube.

Fig. 5. The opposite view of the preceding which pi-eserves, on this side, portions of the test with its orna-
ments.

Fig. 6. A portion of the surface enlarged, showing the plicate ridges and the fine, undulating lines of growth.
Upper Helderberg limestone. Auburn, iV. Y.

PLATE LII.

Gtkoceras trivolve.

rage 374.

See Plate 52 A. •

Fig. 1. Ventral view of a nearly entire individual, showing- the sinus in the ornaments of the test, and in the

atinulations of the internal mould. Upper Helderberg limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.
Rg. 2. Dorsal view of the preceding.

Fig. 3. Lateral view of the same, showing the number of volutions and the characters of the internal mould.
Fig. 4. A poi-tion of the outer volution of a larger individual, showing moi-e distinctly the annulated character

of the internal mould, with the rounded longitudinal lidges and strise of the crenulations.

Schoharie, N. T.
Pig. 5. A longitudinal section preserving traces of the septa near the apex ; but for the most part the internal

characters have been destroyed.
Fig. 6. A longitudinal section of a small fragment, showing the depth of the air-chambers and the concavity

of the septa. Helderberg mountains.

( CYUTttCKRATIU/f; .)

Palfeontology of N.YVoiy Ptll

PlateLH

Ci B.Simpson del

i'iul.Ah.L.aUi.

PLATE LIIA.

Gyroceras trivolve.

ra^e 374.

See Plate 52.

Fig. 1. Ventral view of a nearly entire inflividnal. fi-oin which the teat has been exfoliated, and showing' the

charactei-s of the internal mould. Upper Helderbertf. Sdwlmrle, N. Y.
Fig-. 2. Front view of the preceding-.
Fig. 3. Lateral view of the same, showing the number of volutions, the enlargement of the tube, and a

more open spire than is usually ehown in the specimens.
Fig. 4. A longitudinal section of a small fragment, consisting of the chamber of habitation with two attached

air-charabera.
Fig. 5. A longitudinal section of a fragment, showing the concave surface of a septum at the larger extremity,

but no traces of septa throughout the length. The material filling the tube was apparently

deposited after the breaking or solution of the septa and siph uncle.
Fig. 6. A longitndinal section of a portion of the outer volution of a specimen preserving the septa. The

specimen shows the siphuncular tube, continuing through the cavities of the air-chambers, and

more septa than are here represented toward the aperture.
Fig. 7. A transverse section, showing the form of the tube toward the aperture.

Gyroceras laciniosum.

Page 376.
Fig. 8. An end view of the matrix of a small fragment, showing the regular plication of the transverse
foliate expansions of the test.

( CYHTocr;n.vriD.K .)

Palaeontology nf NYVolVPi !I

PlatoLUA

G B.Siirvpsor. del,

Phil.A&tlith.

PLATE LIII.

GtROOERAS UNtiULATUM.
Page 378.
See Plate 54.
Fig. 1. Latei-al view of a specimen showing the number of the volutions and the nodes on the internal mould,
corresponding to the subtubular expansions or spines on the test. Upper Helderberg lime-
stone. Cherry Valley, N. T.
Figs. 3, 4. A septum and transverse section of a fragment, which is compressed, and does not show the

natural broadly ovate, subtriangular form of the tube.
Pig. 6. A section of the disc of an example, showing the depth of the air-chambers, where the walls of the

tulKi and the septa have not been destroyed. Cherry Valley, N .Y.
Pig. 6. Another septate fragment, showing the regularity in the depth of the air-chambers. Cherry VxU-
Uy, N. Y.

( gyhoci:ratid.*: .)

Palaeontology of N.YVolVPt.II

Plate Lni.

OB Siit^Bon del

P.PiemanaUih.

PLATE LIV.

Gtroceras pauoinodum.

Page 380.
Fig. 1. Ventral view, showing the broad, flat, ventral sifie, and the nodes on the ventro-lateral margins.

Upper Helderberg limestone. Cherry Valley, N. Y.
Fig. 2. The opposite \'iew of the same specimen, showing the transverse section of the tube and the distance

between the volutions.
Fig. 3. Lateral view, showing the number of volutions and the nodes on the ventro-lateral angles. The

specimen is a cast of the interior.
Fig. 4. A tmnsvei-se section of the tube, showing its subtriangnlar, ovate form, with the broad ventral side.

Gteooerab undulatum.

Page 378.
See Plate 53.
Fig. 5. Lateral view of an imperfect specimen, preserving portions of the test, showing the curvature
of the tube and the depth of the air-chambers. Upper Helderberg limestone. Clierry
VaUey, N. T.

( GYROCKHATID^K .)

Palafionmlogy of NYVolVPt II.

Plate LIV.

i:J cirripsan ae

Pf-*iemanr hth

PLATE LV.

Gtrocekas Matheri.

Page 377.

Fig. 1. Front view of the internal mould of an individual, sbowing the character of the annulations on the
doi-sal side of the outer volution, and the sinus of the ornaments on the ventral side of the apical
portion. >

Fig. 2. Lateral view of the preceding, showing the volutions and the enlargement of the tube. The annula-
tions and furrows of the crenulations are also shown. Upper Helderberg limestone, near Cat»-
kill, N. T.

Fig. 3. Ventral view of a larger individual, showing the sinus of the annulations on the internal mould, and
the extension of the transverse lamellse into the surrounding matrix. Small fragments of the
test are preserved on a portion of the tube, showing the surface-markings. Schoharie, If. T.

Rg. 4. Lateral view of the preceding, showing the curvature of the tube and the frequency of the annula-
tions. This specimen exhibits a common tendency of the last half of the outer volution to
become straight, and directed outward from the general curve of the spire.

Fig. B. A fragment showing more closely coiled volutions. The larger extremity shows the concave surface
of a septum ; but the longitudinal section, as represented, preserves no evidences of the air-
chambers or siphuucle. Schoharie, N. T.

Fig. 6. A septum showing the transveitse section of the tube.

( GYROCERATID.*: .)

Palasontology of N.Y.VolVPt.lI.

Plate LV

CtB. Simpson del

P. Bieroann lith.

).j-: ■*))! n» T-il/.'f J

;*7 .8 .•sji'5

PLATE LVI.

GtROCERAS TRANSVERS0M.

Pago 384.

Fig. 1. Latei-al view of a large fragment, showing the curvature and enlargement of the tube, and the

rows of rounded nodes over the chambered portion. The strong test is shown covering the

doi-sal side of the tube. The arching, transverse sti'iae, represented on the chamber of hal>ita-

tion, do not exist on the specimen. Qoniatite limestone of the Mai-cellus shale. Near ilan-

lUis, N. r.
Fig. 2. Ventral view of the preceding, showing the sinus in the margin of the aperture, the crenulated

zone at the base of the grand chamber, and the profile of the nodes on the si<le8 of the tube.
Fig. 3. Ventral view of a smaller septate fragment, showing the variation in the depth of the air-chanit)ei-8

towai-d the apex, and a longitudinal, flattened band along the ventrnm. Goniatite limestone.

Near Manlius, N. T.
Fig. 4. A septum of the preceding, showing the size and position of the siphuncle on the convex ventral

side of the tube.

Nautilus liratus, vai. jdvenis.
Page 111.
Fig. 5. The doi-sal side of the specimen, preserving the grand chamber and several imperfect air-chambers,
showing the broad elliptical aperture, and the slender, carinate levolving striae, with fine trans-
verse strisB. The position of the siphuncle cannot be satisfactorily determined, and is not
represented. Hamilton shales. Cazenovia, N. Y.
Fig. 6. The ventral side of the game specimen, showing the revolving strise much subdned, while the trans-
verse strise are essentially the same as on the opposite side. The specimen is free from
weathering or wearing, and the sui-face-markings are in their natural condition.

PLATE LVII.

GoMrHOCERAS ? PLANUM.

rage 3S2.

Fig. 1. The ventral side of a fragment of the species, carrying seven air-chambers and the base of the

chamber of hal>itation.
Fig-. 2. The convex side of a eeptum, showing the size and position of the siphuncle. liorodhio, Skaiieateles
lake, N. Y.

Nautilus liratus.

Page 107.
See Plate 60.
Fig. 3. A lateral view of a partially compressed specimen, which is a caft of the interior, preserving only
sti-oug, revolving plications, of which there are nine on the latei-al face of the chamber of
habitation. Hamilton group. Quarries north of Slierbume, CkeiMiiyo cvutUy, N. Y.

Nautilus subliratus.

Page 409.

Fig. 4. A dorso-lateral view of a fragment, which pi-eserves the gi-eater part of the chamber of habitation
and four of the attached air-chambers. The specimen is a cast of the interior, obliquely com-
pre86e(), showing one-half of the doi'sal side and a portion of the lateral face, and preserving
five i-evolving plications.

Fig. 6. The ventral side of the grand chamber, with a few attached air-chambers. The central space ia
concave and essentially smooth, while on each side there are six revolving, angular plications.
The transverse striiB are partially preserved.

Fig. 7. The ventral side of the preceding specimen, which preserves the evidence of several air-chambers
at the base, the surface being marked by tine, sharply impressed, longitudinal striae, which are
cancellated by finer transvei-se striiB ; but without any indication of the revolving i-idges or
plications. EarlvUle, Madison county, iV. Y.

Fig 5. A fragment of the chanibei'ed portion of a Naiitilds, which is refeired with doubt to this si>ecie8.
It is much larger than the chambered portion of any other individual which hiis been
observed. The radiating plications which are so well defined in this specimen are barely
perceptible, or obsolescent on the smaller individuals referred to this species. Hamilton group.
Basin Ghilf, 8kaneateles lake, N. Y.

I e»-lH'rtr5cj; .

!?/n3'" : ; T

iy/' iN .1(1

PLATK LVIII.

Gyroceras Eryx.

Paso 386.
See Plate 103.
Fijr- 1. A septate fi-ag-menl of this ejiccies, sliowing the curvature of the tube and the depth of the air-
chaniliers. Fmni Doloinitic limestone, referred to the Hamilton group, near Milwaukee, Wis.

Trochockrab Orjon.

Page 397.
Fi},'. 2. Lateral view of a fragment, showing the curvature of the tube, the gibbous chamber of habitation
becoming straight, and contracting near the njierture. The sinus i-epi-esentcd on the doi-sal
side of the ajiertiire is incori-ect, and is not shown on the specimen. A broad sinus in the
ventral margin corresponds to the sinus of the surface-markings on the convex side of the tube.
Schoharie gi-it. Helderberg mountaiTis, N. Y.

Trochoceras euqenium.

Pat^ 396.
See Plate 59.

Fig. 3. Lateral view of a small, coinpi-essed specimen, showing the curvature of the tube and the depth of
the air-chambei-s. Schohai-ie grit. /S'cAo*on>, i\r. Y.

Fig. 4. A small, compressed, septate fragment, referi-ed to this species with doubt. The air-chambei-s are
shallower than is usual in the species, ami it may belong to the apical portion of ffyroeerat
tpinosum, but does not preserve any remains of the revolving rows of spines. The obliquity
of the septa and the slight deflection of the tube may be due to compression.

Trochoceras obliquatcm.

Page 401.
See Plate 111.
Fig. B. The concave dorsal side of a specimen, showing the transverse section of the tube and the want
of symmetry in the curvature. The view is looking upon the sjiecimen obli(juely, which
somewhat exaggerates the departure of the curvature from one plane. Schoharie grit. Scho-
harie, N. T.

Trochoceras expansum.

Tags 40>.
See Plate 111.
Fig. 6. The concave dorsal side of a compressed septate fragment, showing the depth of the air-chambers,
the curvature of the sutures, and the slight departure of the volution from pne plane. Scho-
harie grit. Scholiarie, N. Y.

Trochoceras Pandion.

Page 400.

See Plate 111.

Fig. 7. Lateral view of a fragment, showing the angular form of the tube, the depth of the air-chambers,
and the obliquity of the septa. Traces of the siphuncle are seen on the convex ventral side as
exposed in the process of weathei-ing. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 8. Lateral view of a specimen preserving about one volution, showing the curvature and form of the
shell. The apical portion is much compressed, and the evidences of the air-chambera oblit-
erated. Schoharie gi-it. Scholiarie, N. Y.

Fig. 9. A septum of a fragment, showing the transverse section of the tube and the position of the siphun-
cle. Schoharie grit. Sclioharie, iV. F.

Schoharie <»i-it.
( CYHTOCKRATIIXt: ,)

Palffiomolo§y of NYVolVPtll

Plate lA/IIJ

H.MM 8,RP.Wd^i

P. Riemann iith..

LI m'LVl

'IT'

PLATE LIX.

Trochoceras Clio.

Pnge 392.
See Plate 111.

Pig. 1. The apper siile of the internal mould of an individual, showing the depth of the air-chambers, and
the extent of the grand chamber. The impression of one of the inner volutions is retained,
showing the surface ornaments.

Fig. 3. The umbilical side of an individual, showing the diameter of the umbilicus, and the annulations and
revolving striie of the test. The septal sutures are less frequent, and oblique to the annulations.

Fig. 3. Profile view of the preceding, showing the deflection of the volutions.

Fig. 4. The coniyive dorsal siile of the chamber of habitation, showing the transverse section of the tube j
the position of the small siphuncle which is 8urrounde<l by an obscure areola, and the surface-
characters on the inner side of the volution.

Fig. 5. A small individual nearly entire, showing the form of the shell, the number of volutions, and the
height of the spire.

Fig. 9. A large individual, showing the 'numerous continuous a-inulationa, and the gradually enlarging-
tube. The annulations are rounded on the outer volution, and are wanting on the chamber of
habitation. The specimens of this species are from the Schoharie grit, at Schoharie, N. T,

Trochoceras discoideum.

P«ge3M.
Fig. 6. Upper lateral view of a small individual, showing the depressed spire, the enlargement of the tube,

the linear, transverse, annular nodes, and the revolving strite of the test.
Fig. 7. The same view of a larger specimen, showing stronger undulations of the tube, with several septa

near the apex.
Fig. 8. The umbilical side of an example, showing the rapidly enlai-ging tube and the broad, shallow

umbilicus. Schohaiie grit. Schoharie, N. T.

Trochocbras edqenium.

Pll^t9«.

See Plate 58.
Fig. 10. A view of the upper lateral side of an individual, pre8er\-ing the grand chamber and a part of the

septate portion, the whole forming a little moi-e than an entire volution, and showing the outer

half of the grand chamber produced beyond the inner volution, in a straight tine, and not

following the curvature of the spiral axis.
Pig. 11. A similar view of a larger individual, showing the gibbous form of the shell and the contraction of

the tube towai-d the aperture. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

^ffS'ir'isiii miEaiDSiFiSSisi;© ©m^wa^.

Palaeontology of N.YVolYPtJI

^SchoUarie Grit .J
( NAUTILID.E .)

Plate LK.

H M Martm del

P. Hicmannlith.

i»P" -r" -^ r:

i'l'i'- V

PLATE LX.

Naotildb bdcinum.

Pago 412.
See PlateH 106, 107, 109.
Fig. 1. The dorsal side of a specimen which preserves the inner volutions, and shows the wide aperture.
Fig. 2. The same specimen, with the inner volution removed, showing the form of transverse section, posi-
tion of siphuncle, and surface-markings.
Fig. 3. A lateral view of the pi-ecediug specimen. Fi-om the Goniatite limestone, near Manlvus, N. T.
Fig. 4. A dorsal view of a larger individual, showing the form of apeiture and section of the inner volutions.
Several of the air-chambera are broken away, and the position of the siphuncle ia shown on the
convex and concave surfaces of the septa. Near Sulsville, Madison couiity, N. Y.

Nautilus cornulum.

Page 414.
Fig. 5. A ventral view of the specimen, showing the more cii cula'r form of section and of the aperture.
Fig. 6. A lateral view of the preceding specimen, showing the suture lines of the chambered portion of the

shell, and the undulating strise of growth over the surface of the grand chamber. Near Caze-

novia, N. T.

GOMPHOCBRAS Sp.

Fig. 7. A lateral view of a fragment, showing a moderate degree of curvalui-e and preserving eight air-
chambers, with the base of the chamber of habitation. iShore of Skaneatehg lake, N. Y.

Nautilus liratus.

Page 407.
See Plat* 57.

Fig. 8. A figure of a gutla-percha impression, from the mould left in the matrix by the 8j)ecimen fig. 9,
showing the strong revolving plications and the obscure annulations near the a])ex.

Fig. 9. A specimen preserving the greater part of the chambered portion of the shell in its natural propor-
tions. Several low, transverse undulations ai'e shown toward the apex, and the septal lines
are visible beneath the partially exfoliated shell. The revolving pliciitions, which are very
prominent near the apex, and are continuous on the concave dorsal side, liecome obsolete on
the ventral side as they approach the chamber of habitation. From the Goniatite limestone.
Schoharie, N. Y.

( NAUTILID^ .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPt.II

Platell.

p. Hiemann at}\.

PLATE LXI.

ISaotilds orieks.

PagoiM.
See Plates 106, 106.
Fig. 1. Lateral view of a compressed, somewhat imperfect cast, preserving evidence of the revolvinjr Mri*
on some parts of the surface. From the Marcellus shale, near JHehiiumdvUh, Sehofiarit:
county, N. Y.

PLATE LXII.

Nadtilos maoister.

PagoiM.
See Plates 105, 107, 108.
Fig. 1. Lateral view of a large rotund specitnen, preserving the inner volutions and a large part of the gi-and
chamber. The septa are replaced with crystalline matter and are very much broken at the
margins. From the Hamilton group on the shore of Lake Erie. HatnJt/nrgli, Brie comiiy, N'. T.

PLATE LXIIL

Nautilus maximus.

Page 418.
See Plate 64.
A lateral \new of a large individual of the species, Bhowing' more than two volutions, and preserving the
grand chamber nearly entire.

This specimen is from the locality of the original of Mr. Conrad's species, Cyrtoceras maximum, and
was lithographed nuder his direction. Solsville, Madison county, N. T.

FaJ

SWIHl

,717.1 3TA.M

Iftlr-i*! A

PLATE LXIY.

Nautilus maximus.

PftgO «18.

See PlAte 63.
k lateral view of a larg« individual of the species.

'MA."£st

Palaeonloloc/ of NYVolVPllI

-J
J

^-'

0 b.Simpsor. dei

K.)

Plate LX1¥.

t^r.iiAst.htti,

PLATE LXV.

NAtrriLns (DreciTEs) Marcellensis.

Pago 423. :
See Plate 109.

Fig. 1. A lateral view of an internal cast of a large individual of the species, showing the air-chambers, the
anterior extension of the septa on the penpheral angles, and some irregularity in the distribu-
tion of the nodes. The grand chamber is nearly entire.

Rg. 2. A cast of the interior preserving the grand chamber nearly entire, with a single volution of the sep-
tate portion of the shell. The chambers of the inner volution are slightly deeper than in the
pi-eceding specimen, and the chamber of habitati»n is more rapidly ojcpanding. The nodes
on the peripheral angles ai-e not so strong as in the specimen fig. 1. Both specimens ai-e from
the Goniatite limestone of the Marcellus shale. Near Manlius, N. T.

{ NALTII.in.K .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll

PlaieLIff,

GB. Simpson dei.

PhJi.As/u.iit'i.

PLATE LXVI.

GONIATITBS VaNDXKMI.

Page 04.
See Platea 67, 68, 69, 109.
Fig. 1. Lateral view of a epecimen of medium size, retaining the teat on the outer chamber, and showings
the Bepta on the remainder of the outer volution. The direction of the 8tri» and the margin of
the aperture ia alfio bliuwn, togutlior wiib a larger umbiiicus than is usual in the speuimeue of
this species. Ooniatite limestone. Marilius, N. T.
Fig. 2. Profile of another individual, showing the thickness of the disc, the flattening of the periphery, the
sinus of the strite, and the acute ventral lobe of the septa Ooniatite limestone. Manliut, N. T,

PLATE LXVII.

CJONIATITES VaNUXEMI.

Page4S4.
See Plates 66, 68, 69, 109.
Kg. 1. Lateral view of a large individual, retaining the inner septate portions and a large nart of the
chamber of habitation, on which the test and surface-markings are preserved. Goniatite lime-
stone. Manlius, N. T.

PLATE LXVIII.

CfONIATITES VaNUXEMI.
< Page 134.

See Plates 66. 67, 69, 109.
Fig. 1. Lateral view of the largest individual of the species known, showing the comparative size of the
chamber of habitation and a contraction of the tube near the aperture. The specimen ha» been
denuded of the test, and the filling of the outer chamber much broken. The lines of septa are
well shown on a part of the volutions, and on the inner ones the test is partially preserved, but
without surface-markings. Goniatite limestone. Near MaiUius, N. T.

Palaeontclogy of NYVolVPtll

(inni

'■ h -.--re

liEJ'^lf'.

PlateLMI.

?. Riemannlith.

orft ;;.

la sylJwi.

mr^BiBiaaK

Bumoiniira:

PLATE LXIX.

• . Gk)NIATITE8 8IMC;,AT0R."

FHgu 46S.
See Plate 74.
Kg. 1. Lateral view of a specimen showing' a considerable part of the grand .chamber, with the remaining

portion distinctly marked by the septal lines. Chemung group. Near Tt/taca, N. Y.
Fig. S. Profile of the same, showing the coui-se of the septa and minute ventral lobe. The specimen is
somewhat imj)eifect, and the outline of the piierture on the right side of the figure has lisen
restoi-e<l to correspond with the preserved portion on the left side. The basal margins of the
aperMre are moi-e angular tiiau represeutetl.

GONIATITES VaNUXEMI.

Pa£0 434.

See Plates 66, 67, 68, 109.

Rg. 3. Lateral view of a young specimen which is septate throughout (the outer chamber wanting), and the

volutions vei-y i-otund.
Fig. 4. The pei-iphoral aide of the game individual, showing the ventral lobe and the double revolving

furrows, which mark this stage nf growth.
Fig. B. Lateral view of a larger specimen, showing the i-evolving grooves and transveree undulations, both

of which usually become obsolete in the more advanced stages of gi'owth.
Fig. 6. Lateral view of a larger individual, showing the gradual obsolescence of the external features which
mark the younger stages of growth. The specimens of this species, here illustrated, are from
the Gouiatite limestone of the Marcellus shales. Near Manlius, N. T.

GfONIATITES MiTHRAX.

Pagc4S».

See Plate 74.

Pi|f. 7. Lateral view of the specimen originally described, showing the form and disposition of the septa.

Upper H«lderberg limestone. Near Culumbus, Ohio.

QONIATITES PERACOTUS.
Page 4«3.
See Plate 74;
Pig. 8. Lateral view of a fragment preserving the base of the grand chamber and sevei-al adjacent air-
chambers. From the base of the Chemung group. Near Jthaea, !f. Y.

GONIATITES ChEMUNQENSIS.

Page «7.

See Plate 74.

Fig. 9. View of the original of Mr. Vanuxbm's figure. The specimen shows pai-ts of several of the inner

volutions and the impression of others, with a jiortion of the principal one. Chemung gp-onp.

Near Ovxgo, N. Y.

GONIATITKS CnEMCNGENSIS, Var. EQDICOSTAT08.
Page 469.
Fig. 10. Lateral view of a specimen which is very imperfectly preserved, but showing the annulations o'
the tube.

(GONIATlriD.*.)

Palaeontology NYVoIVPt IT.

Plate IXH.

H M.Marun del.

P. Riemannlith.

PLATE LXX.

EnoMPHALns (Straparollus) clyuemoides.

Pageet.
See Plates 16, 27.
V%g. 1. The umbilical side of an imperfect specimen preserving about two and a half volutions.
Tig. 3. The opposite side of another individual preserving a single volution, the apical end showing ^a

septum of decollation.
Fig. 8. Another specimen, the extremity of which shows a similar condition of decollation.
Fig. 4. A large sjiecimen pi-eserving about two and a half volutions.
Fig. S. A small individual preserving the inner volutions entire.

The above are from the Schoharie grit. Albany and Schoharie counties, N. T.

GONIATITES C0MPLANAT08.

Page i56.

Tig. 6. Lateral view of a specimen of ordinary size, very much compressed. From the Hamiltion group,

just below the Genesee slate, thil creek, &eneseo. If. F.
Fig. 7. Lateral view of a slightly larger, compressed specimen, showing very faintly the surface strite.

Moscow, N. T.
Fig. 8. Lateral view of a specimen preserving the septa. Near Qeneaeo, N. Y.
Fig. 9. Lateral view of another individual, doubtfully referred to this species.
Fig. 10. An extremely compressed specimen, leaving scarcely more than an impression of the form Mdth

some of the surface-markings. Portage group. Eighteen-mile creek. Lake Brie shore, N. Y.
Fig. 11. An extremely compressed individual which has been in part i-eplaced> by irom pyrites. Froa; the

Portage group. Cashaqva creek, Livingston county, N. T.

GONIATITES COMPLANATUS, var. PERLATUS.
Page 458.
Fig. 12. A large individual, probably a variety of the preceding Bx>ecie8. Lower Chemung group. Near
Bomer, N. Y.

GONIATITES 8IN0O8nS.
Page 460.
^ See Plates 72, 74.

Fig. 13. Internal mould of a small specimen showing the form slightly distorted, with numerous lines of

septa preserved. Lower Chemung grouji, at the inclined plane of i-ailroa(i, Ithaca, N. T.
Fig. 14. A fragment of stone containing a segment of the outer volution and inipi-essions of several of the
inner volutions, showing the surface stride and septa. Ithaca beds of the Chemung gi'oup.
Near Tnurion, N. Y.
Fig. 15. Lateral view of a large compressed specimen, showing the general form and a few of the septa.
From the same beds as the above, at the railroad inclined plane, near Ithaca, N. Y.

Pal cs ontology KYVoIYPtn

(aoNiAririDJE)

Plate iJI.

HM-Martir. del.

P.Rit;Liani'. iiUL,

PLATE LXXI.

GONIATITES DISCOIDECS.
Paga Ml.
See Plate 74.
Tig. 1. An iniperfecfly preserved specimen. Tally limestone. Smith's ledge, Otiico, N T.
Figs. 2, 3. Compressed specimens retaining' the test. From the Marcelhis shales, at Schoharie, N. T.
F\g. 4. A small individual retaining its original form. Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, iV. T.
Figs. 5, 6. Two views of another similar specimen. Goniatite limestone. Near Manlius, N. Y.
Fig. 7. A larger and slightly compressed specimen, showing surface-marliings and a few imperfect septal

lines in the smaller i>art of the volution. Hamilton group. Near Cazenovia., N. Y.
Figs, fi, 9. Two views of a medium-sized, rotund specimen, showing septal lines, and retaining the test over

a part of the outer chamber. Goniatite limestone. Near MaiUiiis, JV. Y.
Fig. 10. A large imlividual, showing imperfectly a few of the suture-lines and the margin of the aperture.

Hamilton shales. Near Cayuga lake, N. Y.
Pig. 11. An imperfect specimen showing the usual form, and obscurely the septa of this species. Portage

group. Portland Harbor, N. Y.
Fig. 12. An individual showing several air-chambers and obscure lines of growth. Hamilton shales.

Western New York.
Fig. 13. The internal mould of a less compressed specimen showing several air-chambers. Hamilton

group. Catenovia, N. T.

€k)NIATITES tJNIANQULARIS.

PugeiU.

See Plates 72, 74.

Fig. 14. Lateral view of the oripnal of Mr. Conrad's description, showing the general form and air-chambers.

Hamilton group. Near Moscow, N. Y.

GONIATITES UNILOBATDS.

Page 438.

Fig. 15. Lateral view of a small specimen show ing the umbilicus, septal lines, and in part the flattened

periphery.
Fig. 16. The opposite side of the same specimen. Hamilton gi-oup. Norton's landing, Cayiiga lake, N. Y.

Palaeontology NYVoiyPt E

(GONlATiriDyE.)

Plate LXXI.

.4. Mai 'jr. ^'ji

P. Biemann lith

.^•t

PLATl^ LXXII.

GONIATITBS PaTERSONI.

, raifo tm.

See Plate 74.
Figs. 1, 2. Pnifile and tatei-al views of a small spe<nenen, showing' the lines of septa, .and retaining a portion

of the onler chaiul)er. Friim the Portage group. Near Oilmmville, N. Y.
Fig. 8. Segment of a much laix>!r si>ecimeii. Pm-ta^rf group, at Paterson'D creek, Livingston county, N. Y.
Fig. 4. A segment of a very large ppecimen, in which the st^ptal margins are much thickened. Chemung

group. Pine Valley, Ouon of Catharine, Schuyler connty, N. Y. •
Fig. 5. A large Hpecimen pi'eserving only two septal lines, neither of which are quite perfect. From the
Portage group, above the Lower Falls, at Portageville, N. Y.

GONIATITES UNIANOtn-ARIS.

I'age 444.

See Plates 71, 74.

Figs. 6, 7. Lateral and profile views of a large individual, showing septal lines, and i-etaining portions of

the exfoliated test. Poi-tage group.

GONIATITES BIC08TATUS.

I'age 45«.

See Plate 74.

Fig. 8. Latei-al view of an individual, showing sutui-e-lines over a part of the surface, and also the depressed,

revolving band on the side. Poitage group. Qene.iee river, i\r. Y.
Fig. 9. Lateral view of a small specimen twice enlargeil, preserving the test, showing surface stri» and the

revolving carina. Portage group. C/iautauqua county. iV. Y.
Fig. 10. A small, impei-fect individual enlai-gcd three diameters, differing somewhat from the last in surface-
characters, and having very deep air-chambei's. Portage group. Lake Brie shore.

GONIATITES RINUOS08.
I'ligo 4(iO.
Fig. 11. A fragment originally referred to this species in the Report of the Fourth District of N. Y. The
specimen is fi-om the Portage g-roup, at CashajiM creek, Livingston county, N. i"

GONIATITES LtONI.

I'agc 476.

See Plates 73, 74.

Fig. 12. A segment of a large individual of this species, showing the margins of the septa and the mucronate

extensions of the lobes. Goniatite limestone. Ruckford, Indiana.

( G O N I AT I TIDJE .)

PalaeontologyNYVoIVPt n

Plate LXM

RPiemann htfi.

.»!f'^!'»*1ff»;

-^g^

PLATE LXXIII.

GONIATITES OWBNI, VM. FARALLELA..

Page 473.

See Plate 74.

Fijf. 1. Lateral view of a specimen, showing the directions of the sutui-es an^l the size of the umbiliciu.

Fig. 2. Ventral view of the same individual, showing' the appi-oximation of the septal lines on each side of

the ventrum, forming two pai-allel grooves in the cast. Gouiatite limestone. Bockford, Ind.

GJONIATITBS OWBNI.

Pago 470.

See Plate 74.

Fig. 3. Latei-al view of a specimen of medium size, showing the directions of the sutures and the wide

umbilicus.
Fig. 4. Ventral view of the same, showing features contrasting with those of fig. 2.
Figs. 5, 6. Lateral views of two young individr.als. It is possible that fig. 5 may be the young of the

variety, but it is difficult to determine from such immature examples.
Figs. 7, 8. Two larger individuals pi-eserving no ti-aces of septii, and showing the coustnction of the tube at
irregular intervals. Goniatite limestone. Mockford, IndiarM,

GONIATITES LyOMI.
Page 476.
See Plates 72, 74.
Tig. 9. Lateral view of an imperfect specimen restored in pai-t, and showing the gradually enlarging volu-
tions and the sinuosities of the septal margins.
Fig. 10. A portion of a larger individual preserving the base of the outer chamber. The lobes and saddles
of the septa ai-e very imperfectly i-epresentfd in the two pi-eceding figures. The specimens
show the apex of each lobe to be tipped with a small mucronate extension.
Fig. 11. Ventral view of a fragment, showing the deep acute lobe of the septa on the ventrum. Goniatite
limestone. RocJiford, Indiana.

GONIATITES IXION.

Page 474.

See Plate 74.

Fig. 12. Lateral view of a young individual, showing a more rotund form than in the larger specimens.

Fig. 13. Lateral view of a lai-ge individual, showing septal lines throughout, and the very small umbilical

depression.
Fig. 14. Front jjrofile view of the same individual, showing the form of the transverse section, the size of
the siphuncle, and the mucronate extension of the ventral lobe. Goniatite limestone. Hock-
ford, Indiana.

Paleontology NYVoIYPt.E.

ot'RockfoidJiuliatia.
(GONIATITIDyE.)

Plate LXZHT

H M.Marim del

r*. hieir.ann

f-^'^

Y|7 v

•IT/.H

.1.

,^-jyi.i:if>

^^^ W^:

<1 .ui .■^

,'i .ijV> i

PLATE LXXIV.

Tig. 1. Development of a septum of Qoxiatitbs bicostatus, Hall. From the specimen fi^. 8 on plate 72.
Fij:. 2. Development of a septum of G. unianodlakis, Conrad. From the specimen fig. 14 on plate 71.
Fig^. 8. Development of a septum of G. discoidbds, Hall. From a young individual, represented on ^faUo

71, fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Development of a septum of an adult specimen of G. discoidbds. Hall. Plata 71, fig. 13.
Fig. 6. Development of a septum of G. dnilobatds. Hall. Plate 71, fig. IB.
Fig. 6. Development of a septum of G. Chemdnqensis, Vanuxem. Plate 69, fig. 9.
Fig. 7. Development of a septum of G. Ltoni, Meek and Worthen. Plate 73, fig. 10.
Fig. 8. Development of a septum of G. simulator, Hall. Plate 69, fig. 1.
Fig. 9. Development of a septum of G. OwBHi, Hall. Plate 73, fig. 3.
Fig. 10. Development of a septum of G. OwH.vi, var. parallbla, Hall. Plate 73, fig. 1.
Fig. 11. Development of the left side of a septum of G. siNuosns, Hall. Plate 70, fig. 15.
Fig. 12. Development of the right side of a septum of G. Ixios, Hall. Plate 73, fig, 13.
Fig. 13. Development of a septum of G. pbracdtds. Hall. Plate 69, fig. 8.
Fig. 14. Development of a septum of G. Mithhax, Hall. Piute 69, fig. 7.
Fig. 15. Development of a septum of G. PAxaafiOKi, Hall. Plate 72, tig. 3.

(goniatitida;.)

Palaeontology NYVblVPt II

PlateLXXIY.

H M Martm del

HBiomanuluh.

PLATE LXXy.

Orthogeras Zeus.

Pago 235.

Fig. 1. An individual showing eight chambera, and a large portion of the chamber of habitation, with a
broad, shallow constriction near the aperture. Helderherg mountains, N. T.

Fig. 2. Longitudinal section of another specimen, showing the depth of the chambeiB and the concavity of
the septa. The position of the siphuncle is indicated by slight indentures in the septa.

Fig. 3. A septum from specimen, fig. 1, showing the size and position of the siphuncle.

Fig. 4. A septum of Ctbtocebis, showing position and size of siphuncle. See plate 95.

[Scholiarie Grit.
( ORTHOCERATID.E .)

Palasontology of N.Y.VolVPUI.

Plate I.XXV.

Ci. B.Sin^Bcn 3el

P. Hiemann lith.

PLATE LXXVI.

Orthoceras lcxum.

Page 244.
See Plates 35, 77, 78, 78 B. 81, 112.

Fig. 1. A small septate fragment possessing the usual charactei-s of the species. The specimen shows a
longitudinal raised line along the chambei-s, indicating the position of the ventral side, not
represented in the figui-e. ClarksviUe, N. Y.

Orthoceras cinqulcm.

Page 240.
V\g, 2. Pragfment of the largest individual observed, venti-al side, showing the regular horizontal margins

of the septa, and the banded or zoned appearance, caused by the solution of the produced

septal margins. A longitudinal raised line on the specimen is not represented in the ligui-e.

/Schoharie, N. T. ,

Fig. 3. Dorsal view of a smaller individual. The specimen is much flattened and weathered on the dorsal

side. The ventral side presents all the distinguishing characters of figure 2. Schoharie, N. Y.

Orthoceras pluctcm.

P.igc -239.
Fig. 4. A specimen preserving a portion of the chamber of habitation, and fifteen chambers.
Fig. 5. A fragment preserving a poi-tion of the chamber of habitation, with twelve of the chambers. The

lower portion, consisting of seven chambei's. is of 0. hixum, and has been artificially attached

to the original specimen, escaping observation till the phite had been completed.
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of specimen, fig. 5, showing the depth of the chambers, and convexity of the

septa. No traces of the si ph uncle are presei'ved.
Fig. 7. A septum from specimen, fig. 4, showing the position of the siphuncle. A small areola around the

siphon is not i-epresented.

Palaeontology of N.YVolVPtll

[Scholiarie Grit.j
( ORTHOOEHATID,-E .)

PlateLXXV

Cj B Simpson del

P. Riemann lit

PLATE LXXVII.

Orthockras luxum.

Page 241.
See Plates 35, 76, 78, 78 B, 81, 112.

Fig. 1. An individual of this species, preserving a large portion of the chamber of habitation, and twenty-
thi-ee of the ordinary chambei-s. Schoharie, iV. Y.

Fig. 2. A small individual showing the concave walls of th-^ chambers in the lower part of the figure. The
organic deposit is not represented. Scltoharie, iV. Y.

Fig. 3. Ventral view of a spiHiimen with the apical portion much compi-essed. The organic deposit imli.
eating the ventral side is not shown in the figure. Clarkimille, j!f. T.

Fig. 4. Fragment showing the siphuncle exposed by weathering, and the longitudinal plications extending
along the separate beails. Schoharie, iV. Y.

Rg. 5. A septate fragment showing the walls of the chambera broken away, except a few of the upper ones,
and the organic deposit nearly filling the intereeptal spaces. This featui-e is more satisfactorily
shown in another specimen, repi-esented in figure 13, plate 81. Schoharie, N'. Y.

Fig. 6. Ventral side of the apical portion of an individual, retaining much of its normal form. Tlie longi-
tudinal carina on the ventrum is not represented.

Fig. 7. Lateral view of a specimen, showing the dislocation and obliquity of the chambei-s caused by com-
pression.

Fig. 8. Longitudinal section, showing the convexity of the septa and the depth of the chambers. The ele-
ments of the siphuncle are more fully represented in figure 3, plate 78 B.

Palajontology of N.YVolVPt.11

^Schoharie Orit.;
( OJtTllO(;EHATlD,-K , )

PlateLnvn,

0 B.SimpBon del.

?. Hieiuanamii.

PLATE LXXVIII.

OUTUOCERAS OBLIQUtJM, 0. VASTATOR, n. Sp.*
I'age H3.

Fig. 1. A fragment, retaining a large portion of the chamber of habitation, arid about twenty adjacent
chambers. (Ventral view?)

Fig. 2. A septum from tigure 1 showing the position of the siphuucle, and the areola surrounding its inser-
tion in the septum.

Fig. 8. Lateral view of another fragment pi-esenting the extreme, but apparently normal, obliquity of the
septa.

Fig. 4. A small septate portion of an individual referred to this species. The specimen is flattened in a
dorso-ventral direction, destroying the cun'atui-e of the septal margins over the doi-sal and
ventral sides.

Orthoceras luxum.

Page 'i44.

See Plates 35, 76, 77, 78 B, 81, 112.

Fig. 5. A fragment of this species consi<lerably compressed. This figure represents a common condition of

the specimens. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 6. A septum of the preceding specimen, showing the areola surrounding the siphuncle, and extending

to the ventral side.
Fig. 7. Longitudinal section of a distorted fragment, preserving some traces of the siphuncle. Clarks-
vUle, N Y.

* The name O. obliquum having been preoccupied by Eichwald in 1860, the name of this species is here
changed to 0. vastator. See corrections and Addenda.

■[SchohaT-ie Grit.
( OIlTHOCEHATID,fi .)

Palaeontology of N.YVol VPt.lT

PlateLXS/Hr.

: B. Simpson dei.

RPiemannlith.

PLATE LXXVIII A.

Orthooeras procerus.

Page 249.
See Plate 35, 79.

Fg\. 1. An individual with moi-e distant septa and larger apical angfle than usual. /Schoharie, N. Y.

Vig. 2. A smaller septate frag'ment, \vith the suture lines of the septa somewhat oblique from pressure.
The appai-ent constriction of the tube is only a break in the continuity of the substance. iScho-
harie, N. T.

Fig. a. A septum of ))receding specimen, showing the excentric siphuncle.

Fig. 4. An individual retaining the longitudinal keel on the chambere, indicating the ventral side. Scho-
harie. N. T.

Fig. 5. A septum showing the size and position of the siphuncle. An areola, shown on the specimen, is not
represented.

Fig. 6. A small, compressed, chambered fragment, with the septal sutures somewhat curved ; -due to the
compi-ession.

Fig. 7. A septum of preceding specimen showing the siphuncle participating in the general compression.

Fig. 8. Longitudinal section of an individual. No traces of the siphuncle can be observed. The raised
areola on the septum, aronnd the siphuncle, is shown in section at the lower extremity.

Palaeontology of NYVolYPtJI.

[^Schohai-je Grit.^
( ORTHOCERATir).« .)

(!l

^:. i"

Plate LXXVITI

0 B.Sin^jcr. del

F.fliemannluh.

PLATE LXXVIII B.

OrTHOCBRAS MASCnLUM.

Fig. 1. A fi-agiuent showing tho great depth of the chambers, and gradual enlargement of the tube. The
crenulations of the upper margin of the chambei- walls, impressed upon the interior cast, are
ebowa along the septal line of several of the chambei-s. Clarksville, N. Y. '

Orthoceras Pelops.

Page 233.

^ See Plates 35, 85 A, 37.

Rg. 2. An individual of this species retaining a large portion of the chamber of habitation, and eleven other

chambere. The sinuate direction of the strife iipon the chamber of habitation is not due to a

proper sinus of the ornamentation, but to the repairing of a fracture in the shell, which had

thus become thickened and is presei-ved, while the other portions are dissolved. Knox, N. Y.

Orthoceras luxum.

Page 2<4.
See Plates 35, 76, 77. 78, 81, 112.
Fig. 3. Longitudinal section showing the elements of the siphuncle, and amount of organic deposit. The
specimen is the same as the one figured on plate 77, figui-e 8, where the details are not suffi-
ciently or accurately represented.

Orthoceras tetriccm.

Page 261.
See Plate 80.
Fig. 4. A septate fragment pi-eserving the test as i-eplaced by the material of the rock. Several individuals
of a species of Spirorbis are attached to the upper portion. Clarksville, N. Y.

Orthoceras Thoas.

I'age 261.
See Plates 41, 79, 80, 112.
Fig. 5. A fragment retaining a large portion of the chamber of habitation and four other chambers
Remains of the sui-face-mai-kings are preserved on a portion of the tube. This specimen
illustrates the extreme variation in the pi-ominence and distance of the annulations. Clarks-
ville, N. Y.

Palaeontology of NY.VolVPtll

j Schoharie Grit.!
( ORTHOCEnATID.E )

piaieLXXVni

F. r.mmons del-

HBergmai

vwm Lxxix.

Orthoceeas sttlds.

Page 'OS.
See Plate 36.
Fig. 1. A longitudinal section of epecimen, fig. 2, pi. 36, showing the depth of the air-chambers. No evi-
dences of the siphuncle ai-e visible.
Fig. 3. Septum^siiowiug the size and position of the siphuncle.

Obthocebas varum.

Vago 24».
See Plate 112. I
Fig. 2. A longitudinal section of a fragment, showing the contour of the chamber of habitation iiml three of

the air-chambers. ■

Fig. 4. An individual preserving a large portion of the grand chamber and ten of the oblique air-chambers.
SehoharU, N. Y.

Obthocebas pbocebus.

Page 249.
See Plate 35, 78 A.
Pig. 6, A septate fragment showing the arching, transvei-se stria".

Fig. 6. A septum of the preceding showing the size and slight excentricity of the siphuncle.
Fig. 7. Another fragment, somewhat flattened from compression, retaining the surface ornaments similar to

the pi-eceding specimen.
Fig. 8. An enlargement of a portion of the extei-ior from the side of a specimen, fig. 7.

Obthocebas pervicax.

Page 257.
Fig. 9. An individual preserving a portion of the chamber of habitation and twenty-two of the air-chambers.

Lateral view ; one side of the specimen shows a longitudinal canna, indicating the ventral side.

iSc/ioharie, JV. T.
Fig. 10. A septum of the specimen, showing the excentric siphuncle, and its distance from the venti-al mar-

gin of the septa.

Orthocebas medium.

Page SM.
Fig. 11. A septate fragment showing the distance between the septa and the carina along the ventral wall??

of the chambei-s.
Fig. 12. A septum of the preceding specimen showing the size and position of the siphuncle.

Orthocebas Thoas.

Page 361.
See Plates 41, 78 B, 80, 112. \

Fig. 13. A fragment referred to this species principally on account of the distance between the septa. The
annulations ai-e more fi-equent than usual, and oblique, while the septa are oblique in the oppo-
site direction. This variation is probably due to a natural defoi'mity in the sliell.

Obthocebas Cbeon.

Page 260.

Pig. 14. A view of a specimen, somewhat flattened from compression, preserving four of the air-chambei-s,
and a portion of the outer chamber, showing the* fluted ornamentation of the tube made by the
elevated, longitudinal stria;. Tlio septal sutures should curve slightly more than is repre-
sented.

Fig. 15. A septum of the preceding showing the size and position of the siphuncle, which has participated
in the eflfects of compression.

[ScKoharie Ox-it,
( OHTHOCEHATID.E .)

Palaeontology of NYVoIVPtII.

Plate LXXIY.

-J

G B Simpson del.

P. Riemana liih.

PLATE LXXX.

Orthoceras collatum.

I'lige 252.

T\g. 1. A sectate fragrment, showing' a very cylindrical tube and a slight distortion from pressure. The
Pt'pta are not all i-epresentetl, bcinjf somewhat obscure, giving the appearance of great irregu-
larity in the depth of the chambers. ISclioliarie, 2V. Y.

Fig. 3. The anterior jx>rtion of an individual, i-etaining the chamber of habitation and five adjacent cham-
bei-s. A marked and peculiar constriction is .shown on the upjier portion of the chamber of
habitation.

Fig. 4. A septum of the pi-eceding specimen, showing the size and position of the siphuncle, and the amount
of flattening of the tube from compression.

Orthoceras tetricum.

See Plate 78 B.

Fig. 2. A septate fragment, showing the smooth and flat chamber walls. Clarkumlle, N. Y.

Fig. 5. A fragment, very much broken, but retaining its normal form and convexity. A poi'tion of the test
remaining on the s|)eciu)en is not represented in tlie figure.

Fig. 6. Septum of the precetiing specimen, showing the position of the siphuncle and the circular transverse
section of the tube.

Fig. S. A longitudinal section of a small septate fragment, shfiwing the depth of the chambers and the con-
cavity of the septa. No traces of the siphuncle can be observed. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 9. A longitudinal section of a larger individual, with a pcirtiou of the chamber of habitation. The
inteiior of the tube contains several specimens of Stieptelasma and othei' fossils, shown in section.
Schoharie, iV. i'.

Orthoceras Thoas. •

I'age-261.

See Plates 41, 78 B, 79, 112.

Fig. 7. A £e|)tum of specimen fig. 4, pi. 41, showing the position of the siphuncle, and the indentation made

in its passage through the sejjtum. Schoharie, N. Y.
Fig. 10. A longitudinal section of an indivi<lual, retaining the chamber of habitation and one adjacent

chamber.
Fig. 11. A longitudinal section of a small septate fragment, showing the depth of the chambers, and the
projections made by the siphuncle in its passage thi'ough the septa. Ti-aces of a nummuloid
siphuncle, shown in the specimen, are not represented.

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolVPUI.

: SchoKaric Orit.
( ORTHOCEnATIDvE .)

PlateLXXX.

3 B. Simpson disl

P.Riemarmiitii.

PLATE LXXXI.

Orthocekas pkavum.

Pago 25S.
See Plates 35, 36, 112.

Fig. 1. An individual, preserving the base of the chamber of habitation and eight adjacent cham})er8. The
specimen is much flattened and distorted from compression ; the chambers have become par-
tially sei)arated along one side, and their normal form much modified. Clarksville, N. T.

Fig. 2. A septate fragment, showing the regularity in the depth of the chambers and the gradual enlarge-
ment of the tul)e. The lower portion has been flattened, producing a longitudinal furrow, as
represented in the figure, probably from the infolding and subsequent erosion of the shell.
The oi-namentation on the margins of the septa and on the chamber walls is not shown in the
figui"e.

Fig. 3. A email ft-agment of five chamliers, showing the concave and convex chamber walls, as produced by
compression. Schoharie, N. T.

Fig. 4. A longituciinal section of thi-ee of the chambers of the preceding specimen, showing the indentations
in the septa made by tne siphuncle. No traces of the siphuncle, in its passage through the
chambers, can be observed. The figure does not quite con-ectly represent the depth of the
chambers, and is not complete above.

Fig. 5. Ventral view of two chambers from the upper portion of the specimen figure 2, showing the exten-
sion of the areola to the margin of the septa, and its surrounding with concentric strise.

Fig. 6. The apical portion of an individual, presenting the appearance of a gradual absorption and final
truncation of the shell. The siphuncle has become exposed from the process of weathering.
Shai-p longitudinal strise, partially represented, but shown over several chambei-s, are prob-
ably the remains of the ornamentation or vascular markings on the septa. iSchoJiarie, N. Y.

Fig. 7. A septum, showing the areola and its strife surrounding the siphuncle and extending to the ventral
margin.

Fig. 8. Another example, similar to the preceding, somewhat enlarged.

Orthoceras oppletum.

PageSS48.
See Plate 112.
Fig. 9. Ventral view of a fi-agment, showing the lamellose strife on the chambers and septa, and the cylin-
drical aggregation of the organic deposit around the siphuncle. Schoharie, N. T.
Fig. 10. Lateral view of the preceding specimen. The strise are seen to be concentric about a point on one

of the septa.
Fig. 11. A septum of the preceding specimen, showing the size and position of the siphuncle.
Fig. 12. A fragment, with the cavities of the chambers nearly filled v«th an organic deposit. Schoharie, N. T.

Orthoceras luxch.

Page 244.
See Plates 35, 76, 77, 78, 78 B, 112.
Fig. 13. A septate fragment, with the exterior walls of the chambers removed, leaving the cylinder of
organic deposit surrounding the siphuncle. The septa ai-e closer together, and the furrows on
the cylinder are smaller than in the preceding species.

ScKoharie Grit.^
( ORTHOCERATID.E .)

Palaeonlology of NYVolVPtll

PlatelXXXI

G.B.SimDSon del.

P.Riemannli

PLATE LXXXIl.

Orthoceras crotalum.

«
l-nsro iSS.

See Plates 42. 113.

Fig. 1. An imperfect sivjoimen, showiiifr the characters of the tube at the aperture, and the surface-niark-

ingn of tlie shell. Pratt's Fhlls, Onondaga county, N. Y.
Fijr. 2. A frapraeiit with the annulations somewhat irregular in frequency. The tube has a slig^bt eui-va-

ture, either natui-al or from compresfion. Delphi, iV. 1'.
TPig. 3. A email, slightly compressed specimen, showing the surface ornaments, and the increase in the

pi-ominence of the annulations toward the larger extremity. Eajit shore of Cayuga Lake, N. Y.
Fig. 4. A lateral view of the same, showing a curvature of the tube near the apex.

Fig. 5. Thelnitial extremity, showing the incipient annulations of the apex. EastslunreofCayuga IxiJie, N. Y.
Fig. 6. The apical portion of an individual, showing moi-e satisfactonly the increase in the prominence of

the annulations, and the gradual change in their frequency toward the chamber of habitation.

East shore of Cayuga Lake, N. Y.

Orthoceras .^oea.

Page 295.
Fig. 7. A fragment of the chambered portion, showing the annulations and surface-markings of the shell.
Fig. 8. A septum of the preceding, showing the central position of the siphuiicle.
Fig. 9. A fragment of the internal mould. The furrows in this example are nearly the reveree of the

exterior surface, as shown on other specimens. Pratt's Jnill,<t, Onondaga county, iV. Y.
Fig. 10. A small fi-agment pi-eserving the surface ornamentation. Geneseo, Lki'mgstmi county, N. Y.
Fig. 11. A portion, apparently, of the chamber of habitation, showing the low, transverse undulations, and

the strong longitudinal ridges with smaller intermediate ridges and strise. &eneseo, Livingston

county, N. Y. '

Fig. 12. A fragment of a large individual, similar to the preceding, showing the low undulations of the

tube. In the calcareous beds of the Hamilton group in Madison county, N. Y.
Fig. 13. A septum of the same, showing the position of the siph uncle.

Orthoceras ndntium.

Page 299.
Figs. 14, 16. Longitudinal sections of specimens firmly imbedded in the suri-ounding rock, and not furnishing
sufficient data for positive determination. The specimens are referred to this species on
account of their association.. Pratt's Falls, Onondaga comity, JV. Y.

Orthoceras csilamen.

Page 298.
See Plates 42, 43, 118.
Fig. 16. A portion of the test enlarged, from specimen fig. 10, pi. 42, showing the characteristic rounded,
intei-rupted, longitudinal strise, crossed by finer striie and broad, lamellose lines of growth.
Ontario county, N. Y.

Orthoceras (Edipus.

Page 294.
See Plate 37.
Fig. 17. A crushed fragment of the chamber of habitation and several attached air-chambers, preserving
portions of the test, and showing on the internal mould the strong longitudinal ridges. Oeneseo,
Livingston county, N. Y.

Orthoceras Thestor.

Page 302.
Fig. 18. A fragment, with the upper portion of the tube flattened from compression, and partially covered
with the adhering shell. The figure shows the very numerous, regular annulations of the tube.
Harcellus shale. Scluiharie, N. Y.

( ORTHOCEPATID.^ .)

Palaeontology of NYVolV PtJI

Plate LXXXn.

0 ti. Simpson dfii

PM-As tilth.

PLATE LXXXIII.

Orthoceras Marcellense.

Page 278.

See Plates 38, 113.

Tig. 1. Ventral view of a frag-ment showing, on the cast, a long-itudinal convex line on each aide of the

median carina. ,

Fig. 2. Ventral view of a larger fragment pi-eserving portions of the test, and showing the ventral carina

along the internal mould of the air-chambei-s. Giiniatite limestone. MavlUis, N. Y.
Fig. 8. A longitudinal section showing the position and elements of the siphuncle, and the depth of the air-

chamliei-s.
Fig. 4. A septum, showing the elevated areola ai-ound the siphuncle, and its extension to the ventral side.
Fig. 6. Ventral view of the same, showing the elevation of the areola, and the continuation of the areolar

process over the walls of the air-chamber. These two figures are from the lower extremity of

specimen figure 2.
Fig. 6. A septum showing the elevated areola and radiating vascular markings, extending to the margins.
V\g. 7. A septum showing a simple areola without extension to the ventral margin, and surrounded by

obscure, radiating, vasculai' markings.
Fig. 8. A septum nearer the outer chamber, without distinct areolar markings, showing the position of the

siphuncle. Atanlius, N. Y.
Fig. 9. The concave surface of a septum, which has become distorted from compression.
Fig. 10. An enlargement of the surface, showing bi-oad, flat, transverse striee, without any evidences of lon-
gitudinal markings.
Fig. 12. An enlargement similar to the preceding, from another part of the specimen, with sharper strife

of growth, and strong longitudinal lines.

Orthoceras fustis.

Page 281.
See Plate 113.
Fig. 11. k portion of the surface enlarged, showing the minutely un<lulating strise of growth, and fine longi-
tudinal stiiae. Schoharie, A'. Y.

Orthoceras, sp. undetermined.

Page SW.
Fig. 13. A fragment of undetermined specific relations. The surface of a septum is covered with nnmeroos
individuals of a species of Spirorbis. Hamilton group. Ontario, Cavada West.

Orthoceras Bebrtx.

Page 275.
See Plates 38, 39, 84.
Fig. 14. A fragment much compressed and weathered, with the siphuncle exposed, showing its elements.
Skaneatd^ Lake, N. Y.

( ORTHOCEBATLD,*; .)

Palaeontology.' of NY.VolVP'J!

Plate ixnm.

G.B.Simpson del

Phil.Ast.lith.

PLATE LXXXIV.

OkTBOOERAS SUBUIiATCM.

Pago 283.

See Plates S8, 86.

Fig. 1. A fragment in which the last air-chambers are destroyed by maceration and compression, and the

action of iron pyrites. This is a common condition with the specimens in the soft shales.
Fig. 3. A larger individual in the same condition of preservation as the preceding, retaining the greater

part of the apical portion.
Fig. 4. The apical portion of an example, showing the regular increase in the depth of the air-chambers

fi-om the apex to the larger extremity.
Fig. 6. A fragment of a small individual, presei-\ing the test with its markings over a portion of the tube.
Fig. 7. Another individual nearly entire, but somewhat compressed. The exterior test covei's the antexior

iur-chambers.
Fig. 7 + id. A portion of the surface enlarged to show the fine, regular, longitudinal striK, and the moi-e

irregular lines of growth.
Fig. 8. An individual retaining the test over nearly ihe entii-e exterior.
Fig. 9. An enlargement of the sui-face of a specimen umila'r to figs 1, 2, showing the fine, irregular, lamel-

lose lines of growth.
Fig. 10. A septum showing the position of the siphuncle. The specimens of this species here represented

are all fi-om the softer shales of the Hamilton group at Pratt's Falls, Onondaga county, N. T.

Ohthoceras exile.

Page 290.
See Plates 39, 85.
Fig. 8. The chambered portion of a large individual, which has been flattened from compression. Some of
the septal sutures are oblique from this cause. The apical portion has been macerated and the
characfei-s obliterated in a manner similar to figs. 5, 6, pi. 87. Hamilton gi-oup. Hamburgh,
Erie county, N. Y.

OrTHOCERAS TER8UM.

Page 286.

Fig. 5. Dorsal view of a fragment. The other side of the sjiecimen shows the ventral carina along the tube.

OrTHOCERAS BeBRYX.

Page 275. ,

See Plates 38, 30, S3.
Fig. U. A septum of a small fi-agment referred with doubt to this species, showing the subcentral position

of the siphuncle.
Fig. 12. An outline from another individual, showing the normal, circular, transverse section of the tube.

York, Livingston county, iV. Y.

Oethoceras consteictum.

Page 388.
See Plate 85.
Fig. 13. A compressed chamber of habitation. The septa marking several air-chambers, composing the
lower part of the figure, are not represented. The specimen is covered with a branching para-
sitic Bryozoan.
Fig, 11. The chamber of habitation of an individual showing a constriction near the middle.

( OnTHOCEnATlD.E .)

Palaeonloloiy of N.YVolVPtll.

PlateLXXHV.

G.B Simpson ie\

Phil.As tilth.

PLATE "Lyi-KSIY— Continued.

I Fig 16. A specimen that has been much compressed and broken in the shale, preserving- the chamber of
habitation and several of the air-chambers.
Fig. 17. An enlargement of a Bryozoan, encrusting the lower portion of the preceding specimen. The
spinules are apparently only the casts of the interior of the cell tubes, the material of the organ-
ism having been dissolved. The specimens of this species are all from the coarser shales of
the group at Cazenovia, N. Y.

Okthoceras aulax.

Page 293.
Fig. 18. A fragment showing the prominent, regular transvei-se furrows and ridges. The longitudinal,
finer striae are not represented. Hamburgh, Brie county, N. Y.

Okthoceras scintilla.

Page 293.
8ee Plate 113.
Fig. 19. A septate fragment which has been macerated, giving the sutures an undue degree of depression.
Fig. 20. An enlargement of three air-chambers of the preceding specimen, showing traces of transverse

strise.
Fig. 21. A longitudinal section of another fragment, cutting the cone on one side of the siphuncle, but not
through the axis. Norton's Landing, Cayuga Lake, iV. Y.

Baotrites olavus.

Page 31«.
See Plate 113.
Fig. 16. Lateral view of a specimen preserving a portion of the chamber of habitation and twenty-five air-
chambers, and showing an expansion of the tube at the aperture, due to a deposit of iron
pyrites. The figure does not fully repi-esent the characters of the species. The chamber of
habitation in the specimen figured is somewhat longer than represented. The exposed surface
of the tube is flattened from its natural elliptical form, and the suture lines curve forward,
and down over the dorsal and ventral sides. Marcellus shales. Schoharie, iV. Y.

PLATE LXXXV.

Obthoceras exilb.

rage 290.
See Plates 39, 84.

Fig. 1. The chamber of hahitation, with two of the attached aii'-chamber8, showing the regijlar enlarge-
ment of the tube to the aperture.

Fig. 2. A septum of the jn-eceding, showing the circolaj-, transVei-se section of the tube and the excehtric
position of the eiphiincle.

Fig. 14. A chamlwi'ed fragment of an individual i-eferred with doubt to this species. The specimen has
been much macerated and distorted in the soft shales, which has obscured the specific chai-ao-
ters. The exterior shows numerous furrows where the shell has been invaded by some
tei-ebrous animal. East shore of Cayuga lake, N. Y.

Fig. 15. A specimen in the same association, and similar to the preceding. The apparent expansion and
constriction of the tube is due to the action of iron pyrites.

ORTnocERAs Telauon.

P«Ke 291.
Fig 8. Tlie chamber of habitation of an example, showing its cylindi-ica! form and the absence of any con-

strirtion or expniision at the apertui-e.
Fig. 4. A septum of the preceding, showing the transverse section of the tube and the very excentric

position of the siphuncle.
Fig. 12. Ventral view of a small, rhambei-ed fragment, showing the depth of the chambers and the gradual
enlargement of the tube. A low, longitudinal carina along the ventral side is not rejjresented.
The specimens of this species here reprepented aie from the shales of the Hamilton group, at
Monteith'g Point, Canandaigtta lake, N. Y.

Orthoceras constrictcm.

P.ige 288.

See Plate 84.

Fig. 5. A fragment of the chiiraber of habitation, with two of the attached air-chambers, showing a decided

constriction of the tube at the upper extremity. Cazenovia, N. Y.
Fig. 10. A fragment re'aining a portion of the chamber of habitation and twenty-one air-charabere, showing

the very gradual inci-ease in their depth toward the grand chamber. Cazewmia, N. Y.
Fig. 11. A chambered fragment, retaining neai'Iy its nomial form and pi"oportions. Monteith'8 Point,

Canaiidaigua lake, iV". Y.
Fig. 13. A .septum of another fragment, showing the position of the siphuncle and the circular, transveree

section of the tube. Monteith's Point, Canandaigim lake, N. Y.

Orthoceras spissum.

Piige 287.

Rg. 6. A fragment embracing a portion of the chamber of habitation and fifteen air-chambers, showing the
frequency of the septa and the regulai- depth of the air-chambere. Pratt's Falls, Onoiidaga
county, N. Y.

Fig. 7. A septum of the pi-eceding, showing the position and size of the siphuncle. The section as repre-
sented is nearly circular, whereas the transverse section of the tube is broadly elliptical.

Fig. 8. A portion of a larger individual, exhibiting the same charactera as the preceding example. Pratt's
Falls, Onondaga county, N. Y.

Fig. 9. A septum of the jireceding specimen, showing the position of the siphuncle. This figure is also too
nearly circular in outline. It should be flattened in a dorso-ventral direction.

( ORTHOCERATID.E .)

Palaeontology of NY.VolVPtll.

PlatelXXX?.

PhiLAsiiitK.

PLATE l^yLXXY.— Continued.
Okthoceeas emaoeeatum.

Page iM.
See Plate 39.
Fi^. 10. A septate fra^^ent, showing the depth of the chambers. The specimen is broken and flattened
from compression. Hamilton group. Jaycox Run, Genesee county, iV. T.

CTBTOCBRAS DEN8UM.
Page 363.
Fi(f. 17. A chambered fragment, showing the apical angle of the tube and the regular depth of the air-
chambers, with the straig-ht and horizontal septal sutures. Hamilton group. Cuinberland, Md,
Fig. 18. Septum of the preceding, showing the size and position of the siphuncle, the areola ai-ound its inser-
tion in the septa, and the transverse section of the tube.
Fig. 19. A longitudinal section of a fragment, showing the elements of the siphuncle, the concavity of the
septa, and a slight exogasti-ic curvature of the tube. Hamilton group. Cumberland, Md.

PLATE LXXXVI.

^\j., OUTilOCEEAS SUBDLATtrap^JCf
Page 283.
.K;j See Plates 38, M.oBTflO
Pig. 1. The chamber of habitation nearly entire, and pi-eservdng a poi'tion of the test. Hamilton 'group.

Pratt's Falls, N. Y.
Fig. 2. A septum of the precediog, showing the central position of the siph uncle. > t «

.'i .Vi. ,yi\ U .Roiaa'Snqmoa mtr^l

OaTHOCERAS Bebrtx, var. Catcqa.

See Plate 39, 91, 92.

Fig. 3. A fragment of the chambered portion, showing the siphuncle exposed. The specimen has been
compressed and the siphuncle displaced, and lying against the interior surface of the cham-
ber walls. Chemung group. Itliaca, iV. Y.

Fig. 4. A compressed septate fragment, showing the oblique sutures, as produced by compression. Che-
mung group. Ithaca, iV. T.

Fig. 5. A poi'tion of a smaller individual of the same species (?), showing a gentle constriction of the cham-
ber of habitation and traces of the lamellose surface markings.

( OnTHOCERATID.E .)

Palaeontology of N.YVolV PtII.

Plate LXXrSZI,

RBieniannUt}

_• a.oimpson oei.

PLATE LXXXVII.

Orthoceras Eriense.

Page 274.
See Plate 40.
Figf. 1. The chamber of habitation of an individual referred to this species. The specimen is somewhat
broken fi-om compression, and the test has been replaced and the surface-markings obliterated
by iron pyrites.
Fig. 2. A septum from the preceding specimen, showing the position of the siphuncle and the amount of
compression.

Othoceras lintecm.

Page 277.
Pig. 3. A fi-agment, preserving a portion of the chamber of habitation, with the last air-chamber, showing

the surface-raarldngs over the entire tube. Leonardsville, Madison county, N. T.
Fig. 4. A portion of the surface enlarged four diameters to show the character of the striae. ^

Orthoceras, sp. undetermined.

Figs. 5, 6. Two figures representing a not uncommon condition of preservation of the fossils in the softer
shales. The shell has evidently been macerated, and surrounded by a concretionary mass of
of the clay forming the shale — the whole being subjected to compression. From the effects of

' compression, and the mode of accretion, the specimens are often regularly striated, as repre-

sented in these figures ; and in two specimens of 0. subulatum, illustrated on plate 84, exhibit ■
the same conditions in the anterior air-chambers : giving the appearance termed " slickensides."
The specimen, figure 5, is from the soft shales at Pratts Falls, Onondaga county, N. Y.,
and the larger one is found in a similar situation at Eighteen-mUe Cfreek, on Lake Erie Shore,
near Buffalo, N. T.

( ORTHOCERATID^ . )

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolV'Ptll.

Plate LXXXVn

r fl.Simpsor. del

P. Riemaim lith

PLATE LXXXVIII.

Obthogeras Atreus.

Page 30E.
See Plate 89.
Vig. 1. A portion of an individnal, preserving a large part of the chamber of habitation and nine air-cham-
bers, showing the cylindrical chamber of habitation, with its constriction and the conti-action ot
the tube at the aperture. The specimen is considerably compi'essed. Several branching,
tubular furrows of a teftbrous animal are shown traversing portions of the tube. Portage
gi-oup. Rogers' Bridge, on the Oenesee River below Portageville, iV. T.

Orthoceras Thtestes.

Page 306.
Fig. 3. A much compressed and broken specimen, showing a portion of the chamber of habitation and
twenty-foiir attached air-chambers. The comparative depth of the air-chambers in this
species and O. Atrefiia, and the more rapid enlargement of the tube, is clearly shown in the
figures. Several Cranue are attached to the chamber of habitation The ventral valves of
two individuals ai"e shown as merely a thickened rim. Three doi-sal valves are repiesented,
showing a subcentral apex, and concentric lamellose lines of growth. This species is here
designated as Omnia centnUit.

■A E

ri -

>•

"o
>.

'^-

m
d

PLATE LXXXIL

Orthoceras pacator.

Page 307.

Fig. 1. A fmpnent of a, lurpe individual embracing' a portion of the tube near the chamber of habitation,
ajid showinff considerable irregularity and variation in the depth of the air-chambers. The
8i>ecinien is much flattened fi-om compression in the soft shales, and many of its features
obscured. Portage group. Mt. Morris, Livingston county, N. Y.

Pig. 2. A fi-agmeut of a small, compressed individual, showing the constriction of the tube near the aper-
ture, and a curvature ami obliquity of the sutures, due to compression.

Fig. 3. An incomplete individual retaining its normal proportions, and showing the chamber of habitation
nearly entire. The last two air-chambei-s are not shown in the tigui-e, making the chamber of
habitation appear longer than its true proportions.

Fig. 4. A septum of a larger individual, refen-ed to this species with doubt. The tube is somewhat com-
pressed on one side, and the true position of the siphuncle is not shown. From a septum of
specimen figure 3, it is seen that the siphuncle is more excentric than is here repi-esented.

Fig. 5. A septate portion, showing the regular increase in the depth of the air-chambers from the apex, and
their irregularity near the <mter chamber. Portage group. Ithaca, N. T.

Fig. 6. A fi-agment of the chamber of habitation, with several attached air-chambers, showing the inequality
of the last air-chamber. Portage group. Ithaca, N. T.

Orthoceras, sp. indet.

Fig. 7. A fragment of undetermined, specific relations, whic'i has been incrusted with a Bi-yozoan of peculiar

character.
Fig. 8. A portion of the surface enlarged, Bhowing the epitheca and bases of the cell-pores, as exposed upon

a weathered surface.

Ortooceras ANGUIS.

Page 312.
Fig. 9. A compressed fi-agment, showing the gradually enlarging tube, and the regular, traiisverse,
lamellose striie of the sui-face. Lower part of the Chemung group. CascadilUi Greek, Upper
Fidl, Ithaca, N. T.

Orthoceras Atreus.

Page 305.
See Plate 88.
Fig. 10. A chambered fragment, preserving its natural cylindiical form, and showing the depth of the air-
chambers. Calcareous beds of the Portage group at Penn Yan, Yates county, N: Y.
Fig. U. A septum of a small fragment, preserving several chambei-s, and showing the size and excentric
position of the siphuncle. The specimen is refen-ed to this species with some doubt.

( ORTHOCEHATID.fi .)

Palsror.tology of NY.VolVPt.II

PlatelXnK.

G.B.SimpsorL del.

P. R;eirLann.utii,

■jaiojtn

.m)

<|ain^^(i

iV<

PLATK XC.

Orthockr\8 Demus.

I'ase 311.

FiiT. 1. A ch»mbepeil frafrnient cihowiiijf the depth of the air-chamhei-s. The specimen does not preserve
any ii<lilitioiial cbai'aRtei'9, and is i-eferi'ed to the sjiecies with fiome hesitation. In the arena-
ceous shales »t Pliilipxhurgh, N. Y.

Fig. 4. k fi-ajfmeiil fetaining- its noi-nial pi-<i|>ortions, and showing the characters of the 8|>ecie8. Chemung
group. CatcfuliUa ank, Itliaca, N. Y.

Fig. 5. A small fra(rni»'iit in which the lube has been filled with irt)n pyrites, and the characters obscured.
Chemung group. Ithaia, N. Y.

Orthockras PCLOIDUM.

PlIKO SIO.

Fig. 2. An individual retaining the chamber of habitiilion nearly entire, jiiid eleven of the attached air-
chainlH-'rF, (showing the enlargement of the tube and the distiiiice between the septa. Several
fragments of the test are adhei ing to the internal mould of the tube. Chemung group. Casca-
diila creek, Ithaca, iV. Y.

Fig. 3. A jwrtion of a larger inilividual somewhat compressed, giving curvature and obliquity to the septal
sutures. Chemung group. Ithaca, N. Y.

Orthoceras Leander.

Vugu 309.
Rg. 6. A fragment somewhat compres.seil at the lower extremity, and showing the siphuncle as exposed

from weathering. Chemung grouji South of Itliaca, N. Y.
Pig. 7. A clianiber of habitation and ten attached aii'-chunibers.
Fig. 8. An individual nearly entire, showing the rapid enlargement of the tutie and the characters of the

chauil)er of habitation, with the slight expansion and constrii:tion of the tube at the aperture.

Upper Chemung sandstone. Warren, Painxylvania.

Orthoceras palmatum.

Page 312.
Fig. 9. Lateral view of a fragment showing the depth of the air-chambers and enlargement of the tube.

The ventral side of the specimen shows a longitudinal carina along the cast of the walls of the

air-chambers.
Pig. 10. A septum of the preceding, snowing the size and position of the siphuncle with the raised areola

arouml its insertion, and the i)alniate ornamentation extending to the ventral side of the tube.

Chemung group. Southern New York.

Cyrtoceras? Hector.

PageSU.

Fig. 11. A frngnient preserving the greater portion of the chamber of habitation, with several attached
shallow air-ihambei-s, showing a slight contraction of tlie tube at the aperture. Traces of Bne
stris of growth shown on the specimen are not repi-e.'!ente<l. Chemung group. Warren, Peima.

Fig. 12. Another fragment showing deeper ;vir-cha;nl>er8. Chemung group. Ne.ir Olean, N. Y.

Fig. 13 id. An opiM>8ile view, showing the curvature and obliquity of the suture lines.

Pig. 14 id. A lateral view, showing a greater irregularity in the curvature and direction of the sutures.

Fig. Ifi. An outline showing the transverse section of the tube.

Orthoceras pertextum.

i'UKK 314.

Rg. 16. A fragment without evidences of septa, and showing the character and frequency of the annula-
tions. The surface-mai-kings are shown over the entire surface of the tube. Chemung gioup.
lUiaca, N. Y.

Pig. 17. An enlargement of a portion of the surface of the preceding, showing the crenulated character of
the striffi.

( oitTiiorEiiATin.t; .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll

PlatoXC

Q.B.Sui^son del

Phil.Asilnh

yiivi

PLATE XCI.

Orthockras Bkbrtx, var. Catuqa. "

Page 276.
See Plates 39, 86, 92. *

Rg. 1. A chambered ft^gment, showing' a gfradnal increase in the depth of the wr-chambere from the apex
toward the outer chamber. Jthaea, N. Y.

Fig. 3. A large fragment somewhat compressed, showing an obliquity of the sutures, and an iri-egularity
in the enlargement of the tube, due to the compression. University Quarry, Ithaca, N. T.

Fig. 3. A portion of a large individual, showing the cylindrical chamber of habitation, and a nearly uniform
distance between the septa. Earl's Quarry, Ithaca, Jf. T.

Fig. 4. A small fragment showing the concavity of the septa. Earl's Quarry, Ithaca, N. T,-

Fig. 5. A septum of the preceding, showing the position of the siphoncle, the effect and amount of the com-
pression.

( on rHOCEHATID.E .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtJI.

PlaieXCI.

PLATE XCII.

Orthooeras Bebrtx, var. Catdga.

Page 276.

See Plates S9, 86, 91.

Pig. 1. A compressed chamber of habitation, covered with numerous portions of a branching, parasitic

Bryozoan.
Fig. 2. A frag^ment similar to the preceding, with several attached air-chambers, showing surface-markings.
The lamellose, transverse strise form a broad, retral curve over the chamber of habitation and
the air-chambers.
Fig. 3. A chamberel fragment, showing the effects of compression in a fracture along the centre.
Fig. 4. A portion of an individual retaining its normal form and dimensions, showing the depth of the air-
chambers, the concavity of the septa, with straight and horizontal suture lines.
Fig. 5. A septum of the preceding, showing the excentric position of the siphuncle and the circular, trans-
verse section of the tube.

These specimens are from the lower portion of the Chemung group, in the University quarries
at Ithaca, N. T.

( ORTIIOCKn.VriO.E .)

Palaeontology of N.YVolVPtll.

PlateXCn

"-:oon del-

P.Hieniaur.lith.

PLATE XCIIl.

GoMPnOCERAS RUDE,
rage S-i7.
Fif . 1. Ventral view of the specimen, showingr the crenulated band, the depth of the ur-ch&mbci's, and the
Bipbuncle, aa exposed from the process of weathering. The specimen preserves more of the
chamber of habitation than is represented in the figiira. The curvature and sinus in the niai'*
gia, aa represented in the lig'ure, do not belong to the apertui-e. Schohaiie grit. Sdio-
Jorie, N. T.

GOMPHOOEKAB OLAVATOM.

Page 8-23.

See Plate 46.

Fig. 2. Ventral view of an individual, showing the characters of the chamber of habitation, near the aper-

tui-e. Schoharie grit.
Fig. 3. A large, compi-essed individual, referred with doubt to this species, but preserving several of the
specitic charactera. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

GOMPBOOERAS CRUCIPERUM. ,

Page Zm.
Fig. 4. A septum, showing the transver-se section of the tube and the peculiar cruciform ornamentation
around the siphuncle, sun'ounded by indistinct strise. The upper, narrower end of the sep-
tum is probably the concave side of the tube. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS TUMIDUM.

Page 351.

See Plate 95.

Kg. 6. A fragment of the chamber of habitation, near the aperture, showing the slight sinus in the margin,

coiTesponding to the small apertui-e.
Fig. 6. A fragment of an individual, showing the ventricose chamber of habitation and the depth of the
air-chambers. Chemung group. Ithaca, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS POOULUM.
Page 340.
Fig. 7. A portion of an individual, somewhat compressed, showing the variation in the depth of the air-
chambers, and the furrows of the crenulations continued over the walls of the chambers. The
furrows do not extend over the grand chamber toward the aperture, as i-epresented in the
figure, the internal mould of this portion being essentially smooth.
Kg. 8. The opiK)site side of the apical portion of the preceding, showing the elements of the siphunclei aa
exposed from weathering. Hamilton group, near Cazentma, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS SOLIDUII.
Page 338.
Fig. 9. A large portion of an, individual, showing the form of the shell and the depth of the ur-cbambers.
The change of the slope of the sides from the point of greatest gibbosity is more abrupt than is
represented. The specimen also shows the crenulated zone, and the crenulations extending
over the cast of the walls of the air-chambers. Qoniatite limestone. ManLiaa, N. Y.

( GOMPHOCEH-VilD.K . |

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolVPtJL

Plate XCm.

0 B, Simpson del

?. HiemanniLtn,,

I'LATK XCIV.

OOHPHOCERAS ABRUPTUH.
Pago SS9.
Fiif. 1. A fifiyment which hiis l)een exti-emely compressoil, showing' a portion of the chamber of habitation,
with the septate i«nrt of tlie sh»'U. A consliiction of the IuIm; near the iiiiiUlle of the outer
ohnintH-r is not represeiiteii in the tigure. Tlie siiecimen is covered witli a l)rancliing, tiibiilai'
Uryozoan. Hamilton group. CaienoeUt, iV. Y.

GOMPEIOOERAS RAPUANUS.
Page 847.

Fijy. 2 A fr.iginent pi-eserving several air-chambers ami a small poi'tion of tlie g'ranil chamber, showinj^ the
IMisition of the plane of greatest transverse section. Hamilton group. I'ratt's FalLi, Uiton-
daga county, N. Y.

Fig. 3. Septum of tlie pi-eceiling, showing the ti-ansvei-se section of the tube. The siphuncle near the ven-
tral margin of the septum, and surrounded by an areola, is not i-epresented.

Fig. 4. An inilividual somewhat compressed, but showing the attenuation of the ai)ex and the depth of the
air chambere. The septate portion continues to the point of greatest transveree section at the
base of the chamWr of habitation, but is not shown in the figure, owing to being covered by
the remains of the macerated shell. Hamilton group. Pratt's Falls, Onondaga county, iV. Y.

Fig. 5. Ventral side of a 8[iecimen referred to this species on account of the position of the plane of greatest
trniisvei-se section and the depth of the air-chambei-s. The specimen is much compressed, but
shows the elements of the siphuncle, a.s exposed fi-om weathering, ami the .sinus in the margin
of the apei'ture, cori-esponding to the small aperture. The margin of the aperture is entire,
anil not broken, as i-epresente<i. Hamilton gi-oup. Cazenovia, N. Y.

Fig. 10. A fragment preserving the same form and pi-oportions shown in specimen fig. 2. The siphuncle, aa
shown at the ventral margin of the septa, is not represente<L Hamilton group. Pratt's I'Talls,
Oitondaga county, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS OVIFORME.
Fago 314.
See Plates 45, 46.
Fig. 6. Ventral view of the chamber of habit.ation, showing the small aperture, the constriction of the tube,
and the fossa of the crenulated zone at the base. The furrows of the crenulations, extending
over the zone and the greater portion of the gi-aad chamber, are not represented. Goniatite
limestone. iSc/io?iarie, N. Y.
Fig. 7. The last septum of another specimen, showing the size and position of the siphuncle, and the trans-
vei-se section of the tube. Goniatite limestone. Schoharie, JSf. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS AjAX.

Page 350.
Fig'. 8. A portion of the chamber of habitation and three air-chambers, showing the size of the tube and the
features of this portion. The striie and furi-ows of the crenidalions, lus continued over the walls
of the air-chambei's in the specimen, are not shown in the figui-e. Portage group. PeuJi
Yan, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS PINOUE.

Page Mii.
See Plate 95.
Fig. 9. A fragment showing the ventrico.se form of the shell and the curvature of the sides of the chamber
of habitation toward the aperture. Hamilton group. Cazaujoia, N. Y.

( GOMPHOrERAriD.H: .)

Palaeontology of N.Y.VclY Pt.II

PlaleXCW.

P.Riemann lifh.

HY|

■ M

PLATE XCV.

Ctrtoceras liratdm.

I'agc 364.
Fig-. 1. Lateral view of the 8pecimoii, Bhowing' the curvatui-e of the tube, the septate apical portion, ami the
regular, U>ngitu<linal fun-ows ornamenting the shell. Ooniatite limestone. MarceUus, iVi T.

GOMPBOOERAS TUMIDUU.

Phgo SSI.

See Plate 93.

Fig. 2. The apical portion of an individual, showing the depth of the air-chambers and the enlargement of

the tube. Cliemung group. Ithaca, N. T.
Fig. 8. An imjierfect fragment, which has been much disturbed by compression, doubtfully referred to

this species, but occurring in the same association with the preceding. Chemuug group.

It?utca, y. T.
Fig. 4. A compressed individual, showing the branches of a parasitic Bryozoan on the surface of the tube.

Chemung group. CascadilUi Creek, Ithaca, N. T.
Fig. 5. A fragment preserving its normal proportions, and showing the ventricose chamber of habitation

and attenuate apex. Upper Chemung group. New Albion, Cattaraugus county, N. T.
Fig. 7. A specimen much compi-essed, but showing the attenuate apex and subglobose chamber of habita-
tion. Several branches of two species of parasitic Bi-yozoans are attached to the grand

chamber. Chemung group. Ithaca, N. Y.

GOMPHOCERAS PINQtTE.

Page 346.

See Plate 94.

Fig. 6. The apical portion of an individual which has been disturbed by compression, but refeired to this

species on account of its association and the depth of the air-chambers. Hamilton group.

North of Caze7iovia, N. Y.

CraTOCEBAS (GoMPHOCERAS) PORMO80M.
Page 362.
Fig. 8. The chamber of habitation, showing the surface ornaments of the tube, which become in part obso-
lete near the apertui-e. The lines in the figure, crossing the hiatus in the margin of the aper-
ture, do not appear in the specimen. Uamilton group. Dresden, N. Y.
Fig. 9. An enlargement of the surface, showing more minutely the characters of the ornamentation.

GOMPHOOERAS LUNATUH.
Page 341.

Fig. 10. The chamber of habitation, with sevei'al attached aii'-chambere.

I'ig. 11. A septum of the same, showing the position of the siphuncle and the areola around its insertion.

Fig. 12. The apical portion, which is a continuation of specimen fig. 10, showing the enlargement of the
lube and the variation in the depth of the air-chambera. Portions of the test, showing the
ornamentation of the sui-face, the ci'cnulations and ventral furiow, are not represented in
the figure.

Fig. 13. A longitudinal section of several air-chambers, showing the concavity of the septa and the elements
of the siphuncle. The section does not pass tlirough the axis of the siphuncle, and does not show
the passage of the tube through the septa. Uamilton group. Hainhwgh, Erie county, N. T.

( GYRTOCEBATID.fi .)

Palaeontology of N.YVolYPtJI.

Plate XC\

OB Simpson del

?hil.Asi Uti

'^^^R.

PLATE XCVI.

CtRTOCBRAS EaaBNIUM.

Page 369.

Bee Plates 36, 47, 97.

Tig. 1. Ventral view of the internal mould of a fi-agment, showing the extension of the transvei-se ridges of
the test into the suiTOunding mati-ix, and th« sinus of the annulations on the ventral side.

Fig. 2. A small fragment of a large example, showing the sinus of the ornaments on the ventral side.

Fig. 3. A gutta-pei-cha mould of a laterally compressed fragment, showing the distance between the costffi
and the effects of the compi-ession on the sinus, which is made much deeper and abrupt.

Fig. 4. Lateral view of a large, imperfect individual, showing the prominence and frequency of the expan-
sions of the test. The figui-e is from a gutta-percha mould of the impression of the shell in the
rock after it has been removed in the process of weathering.

Fig. 5. A fragment preserving the internal mould of a portion of the tube, and the mati-ix of the lower
portion, showing the concavity of the septa and the extension of the lamellie.

Fig. 6. A portion of the chamber of habitation with two attached air-chambers, showing the sinus of the
ornaments and the greater frequency of the ridgen toward the aperture. The walls of the air-
chambers show a furrow left by the removal of the siphuncle in the process of weathering.

Fig. 7. A septum of the preceding, showing the position of the siphuncle and the amount of compression, in
a ventro-doi-sal direction, to which the tube has been subjected.

Fig. 8. Venti-al view of the chamber of habitation of an individual which has been laterally compressed.

Fig. 9. The septum of the preceding, showing the position of the siphuncle and the amount of the com-
pi'ession.

Fig. 10. An enlargement of the surface, showing the fine lamellose lines of gprowth and the traces of longi-
tudinal stnae.

Fig. 11. An enlargement of the surface and ornaments, taken from a gutta-percha mould of the impres«ion
made by the solution of the test in process of weathering.

The specimens of this species here illustrated are from the Schoharie grit, in the counties of
Albany and Schoharie, N. Y.

Palaeontoloey of N.YVolVPtJI.

[ScKohai-ie Oi'it.

( c.'YRTf)f:i:nATrij.K )

PlateXCVI.

G BSunpeon del

Phil.As tilth.

PLATE XCYII.

CtRTOCBRAS JBMlTLVli.

Pa^ 871.

See Plate 98.

Fig. 1. Lateral view of a compressed fragment, phowinjf the curvature of the tube and the irregular annula-
tions of the internal mould, coiTCsponding to the eiteraal ornaments of the test. Schoharie
grit. Scholtarie, iV. F.

Fig. 2. A larger portion of an individual, showing the irregularity of the annulations on the internal mould
an<i the curvature of the outer portion of the tube. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. T.

Pig. S. The apical portion of an individual, showing the curvature of the tub« toward the apex, and the
extension of the lamellose expansions of the test into the surrounding i-ock. Schoharie grit.
Clarksville, N. T.

Fig. 4. A small septate fragment, showing the depth of the air-chambers and the concavity of the septa.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Fig. 5. A septum of the preceding, showing the amount and dii-eclion of comoression to which the tube has
been subjected, and the position of the siphuncle.

Fig. 6. An impei-fect fragment, showing tlie curvature of the tube and the depth of the air-chambei'S.
Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. T.

Fig. 7. A septum of the preceding, showing the transverse section of the tube.

Fig. 8. Lateral view of a chambered fragment, showing the relations of the suture-lines and the annular
tions of the internal mould, and the regularity of the air-chambei-s. Schoharie giit. Scho-
harie. N. T.

Fig. 9. A septum of the preceding, showing compression in a direction oblique to the ventro-dorsal axis.

The specimens figs. 4, 6 and 8 are i-eferred to this species, as agreeing in the amount of
curvatui-e, apical angle, and the depth of the air-chambere, but possessing few other distinc-
tive features.

CyKTOCERAS EUaBNIUM.

Page 369.

See Plates 36, 47, 96.

Fig. 10. A fragment retaining a portion of the chamber of habitation and several attached air-chambers,

Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. T.
Fig. 11. A septum of the preceding, showing the transverse section and the position of the siphuncle.

jSohohiiiue Orit.
( CYnTOCF;RATIl).15 .)

Palaeontology of NYVolYPt.II

Plate XC

0 B. Simpson del

Phii-Astli

tat

^^m

PLATE XCVIII.

GtROCERAB 8PIN0SUM.

Page 8*8.

See Plates 47, 48, 49, 99.

Pig. 1. Ventral view of a fragment preserving its natural form, eliowing the charactera of the sinus in the

stria;, and the roundeil, revolving ri<lg«8 on each side, formed by the rows of spines. Schoharie

grit. ClarksvUle, N. T.

Fig. 2 id. Lateral view, showing one and remains of another revolving ridge, coiTesponding to the lateral

rows of spines.
Fig. 6. View of a gutta-percha mould, taken fi-om the weathered lateral impi-ession of a specimen, showing

the frequency and prominence of the spines. Schoharie giit. Schoharie, N. T.
Fig. 6. An enlargement of the surface of a fragment, showing the undulating, lamellose lines of growth.
Pig. 7. A fragment preserving its natural form, and retaining portions of the test adhering to the internal
mould, showing the curvature and enlargement of the tube and the bases of the tubular expan-
sions of the test, Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

CyRTOCERAS .ffiMDLUM.
Fa«e371.
See Plate 97.
Fig. 8. Lateral view of the specimen, with the apical portion imbedded in the surrounding matrix, showing
the form and curvature of the tube and the lamellae of the test, which are seen extending into
the surrounding rock. Upjier Helderbei-g limestone. Pendleton, Ind.
Fig. 4. Ventral view of the chamber of habitation of the preceding, showing the sinus in the aperture and
ornaments of the test. The exfoliation of the test shows the interior filled with a deposit of
crystalline material.

IScliohaiut! 4Vrit.

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll.

( CYRTOCERATID.t )

PlateXCVm.

G.B.Sunpson del

H Bergman lith.

■

TLATE XCIX.

GtROCBRAS SPINOStTM.

Page 382.
See Plates 47, 48. 49, 98.

Tig. 1. Lateral view of a compreeseil specimen, preserving the chamber of habitation and about thirty air-
chambers, showing the curvature of the tube and the increase in the deplh of the air-chambers
fi"om the a]>ex to the grand chamber. The internal mould shows the bjises of two lateral i-ows
of semi-tubular spines.

Fig. 2 id. A. gutta-|)ercha impi-ession of the matrix, showing the characters of the surface ornamentation
more clearly than is j^reserved on the internal cast. Toward the aperture the tube is orna-
mented by transverse expansions of the test, with the bases of the spines preserved as sinu-
osities of the margins.

Vig. 3. Veoiral tiaw of two air- chambers, showing portions of the siphuncle exposed in the process of
weathering.

Rg. 4. A small chambered fragment, showing the siphuncle as in the preceding.

Fig. 5 id. A septum showing the position of the siphuncle and the transverse section of the tube, which has
been di8turbe<l by compression.

Fig. 6. The chamber of habitation of a small individual associated with this species, showing its proportions
and the concavity of the la.st septum.

Rg. 7 id. The septum, showing the position of the siphuncle and the transver»e section of the tube, slightly
disturbt-d by compression.

Fig. 8. The septum, at the base of a large chamber of habitation, showing the transverse section of the tube.
This sj)ecimen and the preceding are referred with some doubt to this species, as they (W
not possess distinctive characters.
The specimens here figured are from the Schoharie giit, at Schoharie, N. T.

PLATE C.

Gyrocer\8 VAt-IDrit.
Page 385.
See Plate 49.
Fig. 1. Lateral view of an iTidividual pi-eservin(f nearly its natural form ; showing the curvature and eularge-
inent of the tube, and the gradual increase in the depth of the air-chambei-s, from the apex
toward the gi-and chamber. The direction of the chamber of habitation is outward from the
spiral in a direction tangent to the curve. At the apei-ture the tube is slightly expanded.
Schoharie gi-it. Albany county, N. Y.

[Schoharie GritJ
( GYROCF.HATID.15 .)

Palasontoloev of NYVoiyPtll

PlaloC

L.B.Simpson isl

PRiematm!;'^..

PLATE CI.

Gyrocerab Cyclops.

Pagro 387.
See Plates 102, 103, 104.
lateral view of an indivldnal imperfect at tbe apex, showing tlie size and curvatnre of the tnbe, with the
transverse annulatinns on the internal mould corresponding to the ornaments of the test. A slight expan-
sion of the tube is shown at the aperture, and on the ventral side of the apical portion the revolving
ridges formed by the plications of the foliate expansions of the test. Upper Helderljerg limestone.
ClarktviUe, N. T.

Palaeontology of NYVolVPt II

( CYHTOCFnATID.t: .)

Plate CI.

G.B.Sin^son del.

P.Riemannlith

_xr-''f»yi ' ^.«^;J .23-

PLATE CII.

Gtrocbras Cyclops.

Page 387.
8«e Plates 101, 103, 104.
Lateral view of an imi^rfect specimen, showing the curvature of the tube and the annulations of the internal
mould. Several of the foliate expansions of the test are represented extending from the concave dorsal
ride into the surrounding matrix. Upper Helderberg lintestone. Helderberg nwu7Uains, N. Y.

7;J4Kti&

PLATE Clir.

Gyroceras Cyclops.

I'age S87.
See Plates lUI, 102, 104.
Fig'. 1. A fragment, showing the transverse section of the tube and one of the foliate expansions of the test,
with its piii-face-niarkings and the strong plit^alions of the margin, which are more subdued at
the base and along the walls of the tube. Ujip«T Helderberg limestone. Qiliunbiis, Ohio.
Fig. 2 id. Lntei-al view, showing the surface-markings on the tube ami the inclination and extension of the
tiausverse expansions.

Gyroceras Eryx.

Pago 3-«.
See Plate 5S.
Rg. 8. Lateral view of a large individual, showing the size and curvatui-e of the shell. Some of the septa
are preserved, and ehow the regular depth of the air-chambere and the straight septal sutures
at inpht angles to the spiral axis of tlie tube. Magnesian limestones of the Hamilton group.
Neai- Milwaukee, Wit.

Gyroceras, sp. indet.

Fig. 4. A fi'ngment found in the same association with ff. Eryx, but of undetermined specific relatione.
The tigure is a ventral view, and shows traces of the siphuncle exposed in the process of
weathering. Magnesian limestones of the Hamilton group. Near MUxoaukee, Wis.

GYnOCKRATID.K .)

Palseomology of N.Y.VolVPtJI.

Plate cm.

PLATE CIV.

Gyroceras Cyclops.

Page 387.

See Plates 101, 103, 103.

Fig. 1. Lateral view of a large, nearly entiie individual, preserving the test on some portions of the surface,

and showing the lainellose expansions extending into the matrix on the concave doraal side.
Fig. 2. A transvei-se section of another individual, showing the convex side vt the septum and the position
of the siphuDcle.

( GYROCEHATID.fi .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtlT.

Plate m.

E.Emmons del .

PM.Asi.hm,

■>9d

PLATE CV.

Naotilos maqister.

Page 422.
a«« Plates ri2, 107, 108.
Fig:. 1. A frajfment, jireserving two of the air-chanibei'S neai- the baae of the grand chamlier, with one of
the smaller ones at the distance of half a volution ; the impressions of the intervening air-
chambers and septa being marked upon the adhering matrix, showing the re-entrant chai-acter
of the volutions and the sinus in the septa on the dorsal side. The comparative diameter of the
two volutions, as presented in the fragment, are about as 65-115. The convex surface of the
larger air-chamber is flattened and distorted from coinpi-ession and weathering, which obseui-es
the siphuncle : from the same cause the concavity of the dorsal side of the large chambers has
been partially oblitei-ated, as shown in the outline of the flgure.

The specimen is referred with some hesitation to N. inagisler; but the pifportions of the
pni-ts are essentially the same as in typical specimens of that species, and it is quite distinct
fii>m any other form. Lower part of the Hamilton group. Neai- Leotiardscille, Madison
ctnmty, N. Y. ,

Nautilus oribns.

Page 4-20.
See Plate 61, 106.
The ventral aide of a compressed and imperfect chamber of habitation, with several air-chambei-s at the
base. The shell is partially preserved on one side, showing the transvei-se lamellose striae, and the impres-
sion of the same on the other side, which is exfoliated, showing numerous plumose, branching Bryozoans
which have adhered to the inner surface of the shell. From the Marcellus shale. Near RichmondvUU,
Schoharie county, N. Y,

'rJWTuif"

;i1v>

PLATE CVI.

Nautilus cavus.

Page 418.
Fig. 1. The concave doreal siile of a part of the outer chambered volution, showinjf the impression anil the

sinuosities in the septa, caused by the i-e-entrant volution.
Fi(f. 2. The ventral side of the specimen, showing' the gi-eat depth of the air-chambers.
Fig. 3. Lateral view of the same, the open umbilicus and the curvature of the volution. ,From the shales

of the Hamilton group. Near Cumberland, Md.

Nautilus bucinum.

Pago 412.
See Plates GO, 107, 109.

Fig. 4. A lateral view of an imperfect sjiecimen which has been partially crashed somewhat obliquely in a
dorso- ventral direction.

Fig. 6. The ventral side of the preceding specimen, showing the lateral expansion of the chamber of habita-
tion and ailjacent air-chambers. The surface is partially covered by a tubular parasite.
Casenovia, N. Y,

Fig. 6. The ventral side of a specimen which preserves nearly its natural proportion, showing the deep and
gradually expanding chamber of habitation. The shell is partially preserved in a macerated
condition, and is marked by the impressions of branching tubular Bryozoans. The opposite
ride of the same specimen is shown on plate 58, figure 4. Sol^ville, Madison county, N'. Y.

V\g. 7. A longitudinal section of a small specimen, which shows the depth of the outer chamber, with the
character and concavity of the attached air-chambers. Quarries north of Slierbume, Clunango
county, N. Y.

Nautilus oribns.

Page 420.
See Plates 61, 105.
Fig 8. A lateral view of a young or medium-sized specimen, showing the principal part of the chamber of
habitation, the depth of the air-chambers and the deep umbilicus. From the Marcellus shales.
Near RichmondviUe, Schoharie county, N. Y.

( NAUTILI IKE .)

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolV:Pt.II.

Plate CVI.

0 B. Simpson del

P, Biemann. lith.

PLATE evil

Nautilus maqister.

, Page 4*8.

See Plates 62, 105, 108.
Figf. 1. The convex side of a septum of a large individual, showing the elliptical form with the broad sinus

on the doi-sal side, and the siphuncle with the suiTounding areola.
Fig. 6. A fragment preserving the apical portions of the volutions, showing the fractured margins of the

•ir-chambers from exfoliation, and the deep umbilicus.
Fig. 7. A fragment of one of the small inner volutions, showing the form and proportions of the sijihuncle,

in its passage thi-ough the air-chambers, and its consti-iction at the septa.
Fig. 8. A longitudinal section of the smaller part of the outer volution, with a i)art of the inner volution,

showing the depth of air-chambers, the form and pi-oportions of the siphuncle, etc. The figure

is incomplete in the upper convex portion, the septa and chamber filling having been broken

Avay, and the outline is not continued. The specimens are all from the Hamilton group.

TowB of Hamburgh, Erie county, N. Y.

Nautilus bucinum.

Page 413.
See Plates 60, 106, 109.
Fig. 2. A fragment preserving four ur-chambers and the base of the grand chamber.
Fig. 3. A septum showing the foi-m of the transvei-se section and the position of the siphuncle. From

the decomixising semi-calcareous shales of the Hamilton grouj), at Pratt's J''alls, Onondaga

county, N. T.
Fig. 4. A fragment preserving a part of the chamber of habitation with several attached air-chambers. The

test is partially preserved, and the fine cancellating stiiae are well defined.
Fig. 5. An enlargement of the surface of figure 4, showing the character of the surface-markings of the abell.

From the shales of the Hamilton group on the eaut shore of Cayuga lake, N. T.

PLATE CVIir.

NAUTILnS MAQISTBR.
Page Hi.

See Plates 62, 105, 107.
Fi^. 1. A latei-al view of a nearly entire individual of this species. The septa and filling of the air-cha«ihera

are much broken at the mai'gins, and the outer margin »t the grand chamber is everyyvhere

incomplete.
Kg. 9. A posterior view of tlje same specimen looking upon the ventral side of the air-chambers, , -and

showing the great width of the chamber of habitation. Hamburgh, Erie county, If. T.

.Ji^iiii.

Palaenn'.oloev of NYVolVP'JI

Plate CVm

Pha.Astlitli,

VlM CIX.

Nadtilus bdcinum.

Vage 412.
See Plates 60, lOfi, 107.
Tig. 1. A venira! view of the grand chamber of a young sliell, iireaerving' the surface oraamentation in a
remarkable <legi-ee of pei-fection. The sharp, elevated, revolving sti-iffi, with finer intermediate
ti-ansvei-se stritp, are precisely of the character of those on the surface of the specimen of this
species from the Gonialite limestone, plate 60, figs. 1-3.

Tliis surface-marking re8Cml)le8 that of the specimen referi-ed to N. liratus, var. juvenis,
figs. 5 and (5, pi. 50, but the revolving strijc are more closely arranged and less conspicuous on
the concave side, while the tube is free fwm any transvei-se undulations which mark that
variety. West shore of Canaiidaiffua lake, N. ¥.

Fig. 2. A fragment pi-eserving the chamber of habitation nearly entire and two attached air-chambers. The
surface is marked by the undulating slrite of growth and very fine revolving stiiie. On the
concave side of the specimen the i-evolving strife are al)out one mm. distant from each other;
and (m the convex side thei-e are stronger strise of about the same or a greater <listance apart,
between which are finer striae. From the ai-enaoeous shales of the Hamilton group. Near
Casenovia, N. ¥.

Fig. ^6. An enlargement from the dorso-lateral surface of a specimen of this species, showing the distant
revolving strise and the finer concentric striae. Fi'om the dark, coloreti shales. Shore of Cayuga
Lake, X. Y.

Nautilus acr.sus.

Page 417.
Fig. 3. The ventral side of the chamber of habitation, showing the form (which is slightly compressed), and

the tine equal striiE of the surface.
Fig. 4. The concave doi'sal side, showing the form of the transverse section, the position of the siphuncle,

and the fine surface-markings. There is a slight indentation near the uppei' fractured edge of

the shell, which has apparently been produced by the contact of the inner volution.
Fig. 5. An enlargement of the surface, showing the fine, nearly equal strife, of which there ar^ from twelve

to fifteen in the space of five mm. In the arenaceous thales of the Hamilton group. Pla'mfield,

Otsego cotinty, N. T.

GONIATITES VaNUXEMI,

Pago 434.

See Plates 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 109.

Fig. 7. A transveife section of the disc, showing the fonu of the inner volutions, their gradually increasing

dorso-ventral diameter, and final form in the grand chamber near the aperture.
Fig. 8. A portion of the periphery of a large individual of the species, showing the deep sinuosity in the
striae, and their great thickness and imbricating character upon the angles of the periphery.
From the Goniatite limestone. Manllus, N. T.

Nautilus (Discites) Marcellensis.

Pa^ 4-2S.
See Plate 65.
Fjg. 9. A »mall individual of this species, which is principally a cast of the interior, pi-eserving the shell
ufHin a part of the grand chaml>er, which should have been represented as broken along the
peripheral angle. Uanlius, N. Y.

Palaeontology of N.Y.VolVPtll

Plate CIX.

0 a.SiniBScn

HBergniaTL Kth.

PLATE CIX.— Continue.

Pig. 10. A lateral ^^ew of the cast of a 8i)ecimen. The adhering shell preserves only the transverse striae
of growth in a nearly obsolete condition. This is the typical 8j)ecimen of the species described
by Mr. Vanuxem. It was originally nearly covered and inclosed in the grand chamber of a
large indindual of Goniatittt Vanitxemi. This condition of the specimen was doubtless the
source of the error which led to regarding this one as the larger and " more abundant " foi'm,
while it never reaches one-half the size of O. Vanaxemi, and is far less numerous in individuals.
Manlius, N. T.

Fig. 11. A transverse section of a volution, showing the position of the siphuncle, form, etc. The sides are
more convex than usual, and the carinations at the umbilical angles are a little too attenuate —
being stronger in the original.

Fig. 12. An enlargement of the surface, showing the continuous transverse strise and the interrupted
revolving striee, as appearing on the surface of the specimen fig. 9.

PLATE ex.

Nautilus (Discitbs) inopinatus.

Pago 428.
Fig'. 1. A lateral view of the specimen, showing the wiiie umbilicus, the form of the volutions, and the rows
of nodes upon the umbilical and peripheral margins. The surface is obscured by adhering
Stromatopoha.
Fijf. 2. The ventral side of the specimen, which preserves a part of the shell, obscurely showinjf the surface-
markings. Kear Sandusky, Ohio.
«

GONIATITES PLEBEIF0RMI8.

Pajre Hi.

See Plate l(i.

Fig. 8. A young specimen preserving the chamber of habitation only, the inner volutions having been dis-
solved by iron pyrites.

Fig. 4. A larger specimen, the form and proportions being given from a gutta-peraha cast in a natural
mould of the fossil. The impressions of the nodes have been only partially pi-eserved.

Fig. 6. The outer volution of a lai'ge specimen preserving only the grand chamber ; the septate portion
having been removed by the action of iron pyrites.

Fig. 6. The ventral side of an interior volution, showing the course of the septa and the angular re-entrant
lobe.

Fig. 7. A section of a specimen of the prevailing size and proportions, showing the depth of the chamlier of
habitation, terminated with the last septum of the chambei-ed portion of the shell. The inner
volutions have all disappeared, and the space is occupied by calcareous matter filled with
Styliola and Tkntacdlitks.

Fig. 8. A section of a specimen, cut in the direction of the spire, preserving the grand chamber and a small
jiart of one of the chambered volutions. The remaining portion of the cavity is filled with
limestone containing Styliola.

Fig. 9. A section of a specimen cut vertically through the spire and the adhering limestone. The section
of the outer volution is jii-eserved, as shown in the figure, while the inner turns have been
dismembered and displaced, as shown by the small semi-elliptical sections preserved in the
central jwrtion of the figure. The septate portions of the volutions are rarely preserved.
Cherry Valley, N. Y.

Palasontology of NYVolY PtII

Mari.-c-llus shnie
( NAUTILID.K& GONlAiniD.*:.)

PlaieCX.

£>,minons del

PhilAst.lith.

■

.-,*

. f j^^^^^^^^^^^^H

I1.ATE cxr.

Trochoceras obliquatum.

Pago 401.

See Plate 58.

Fig. 1. Ui>i>er lateral view of a fiagment, ehowirig' the curvature of the tube and the depth of the air-

chaniliers. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. T.
Fijf. 3. A nejituui of the preceding, showing the transvei-se section of the tube and the position of the
siphuncle.

Trocuoceras Pandion.

Page 400.
See Plate 58.
Fig. 8. Lateral view of a septate fragment, sh<iwing the curvature of the tul)e, the dopth of the air-chambei'S
and some traces of the furrows of the crenulations continued over the internal mould of the
walls of the air-chambers. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

GONIOCERAS ? PANDCM.
Page 403.
Fig. 4. A fragment imbedded in the surrounding rock, showing one of the angles of the tulie, the variation
in the depth of the air-chamtieif, and the curvature of the sutures over the broad, flat faces of
the tube. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Trochoceras expansom.

Page 403.
See Plate 58.
Rg. 5. Dorsal view of a portion of a small individual, showing the form of the shell and the transverse
section nf the tube, with the siphuncle on the convex ventral side. The slight departure from
a synimetrical coil, and its nautiloid character, are also indicated. Schoharie grit. Scho-
harie, N. Y.

Trochoceras Clio.

Page 39-2.
See Plate !>9.
Fig. 6. The upper side of a small individual, showing oblique annulations, with the septa at i-ight angles to
the spiral axis, and crossing the annulations. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

Trochoceras Biton.

Page 395.
Rg. 7. A Ihigment showing the curvature of the tube, and the linear nodes which are prominent on the
concave dorsal side, and extend aa rounded, transvei-se undulations to the convex ventral side.
The surface-markings are pi-eserved over a small portion of the tube, and show as strong longi-
tudinal strice. Schoharie grit. ClarksvUle, N. Y.

Trochoceras Barraudbi.

Page 898.
yf Fig. 8. -The siphuncle of a specimen which has broken longitudinally along the ventral line, and exposed the

siphnncular tul>e, showing the amount of its expansion in the cavities of the air-chambere, and
the striations of its surface at the constrictions where it passes thi-ough the septa, Schoharie
giit. C'larksvilU, N. Y.

'Kpa'iEa 23!L2)33i:s'xiis 'Bis.d^fj'.

ScKoKarie CJi-it.

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll.

Plate CXi

J B.oimpson oei

Phil.Astlitn.

PLATE CXI.— Continued.

Fig. 9. Upper lateral view of a fi-aginent, showing the curvature of the tube and the depth of the air-
chambers. The obscure fun-ows of the crenulations at the base of the chamber of habitation
are not represented. Schoharie grit. Sch"harle, N. T.

Fig. 10. Ventral view of an individual, showing the evident departure from a symmetrical cui-vature, and
the large siphuncle expose<l in the process of weathering. Schoharie grit. Schoharie, N. Y.

CyRXOCERAS METIILA.
rage 360.
See Plate 47.
Fig II. Lateral view of an individual preserving the chamber of habitation with twenty-seven attached air-
chamlieif, showing the form and curvature of the tube, the size of the grand chamber, ami the
depth of the air-chambers. The obscure furrows of the crenulations are shown over a portion
of the internal mould of the walls of the air-chambere. Upper Helderberg limestone. Little-
tUle, N. Y.

I'LATK CXII.

Orthoceras rudicula.

Page »«.
See Plate 37.

Fiir- 1. A lonfHtiidinHl nection of the lower portion of the si>ec,imen figtired on plate 37, showing the traces of
an expnndeil siphiincle, and the organic deposit on the concave piiles of the septa, rcprepeiited
in the tigure by a darker shade. Whei-evei' there is a separation of the air-chambera at the
septa, the origin of the raiseil ai-eola ai-ound the insertion of the sii^huncle is seen to be liue to
the organii; deposit on the peripheral portions of the septa.

Fi|f. 2. A septum of the preceding indiviilnal, showing the raised areola, with a furrowed margin, produce<l
by the organic depo.«it on the concave side of the sejjtuni. The dei)08it is continned over
nearly the whole surface of the se)itnni, and presents little variation in its appearance. Upper
Hflderberg limestone. Stafford, AT. i'.

Orthoceras sikpds.

Page 269.

Fig. E. An individual preserving the chamber of habitation and four air-chambere, showing the depth of
the chainbei-s, and a very slight cohstriction of the tube at the aperture. Traces of the
transvei-se strise of the surface are aLso shown. Uppei' Helderberg limestone. Columhux, 0.

Fig. 4. A s)>ecimen in the same afsociHtion with the preceding, preserving the test ovei' the entire surface,
showing the regular, rounded, transvei-se stria; and the gjadually enlarging tube.

Orthoceras varum.

Page 289.
See Plate 79.
Fig. 5. Lateral view of a specimen, showing a common appearance of the aperture, due in part to compres-
sion. The shell is naturally fn.«iform, and the ohand)er of hatiitation s-omewhat gibbous-
Schohai-ie grit. Scfioharie, N. Y.
Fig. fi. A septum of the preceding, showing the transverse fiection of the lube, and the small size and cen
tral position of the siphuncle. i! ■ ? ''«

Orthoceras Thoas.

P.lgc 261.

See Plates 41, 78 B, 79, 8n.

Fig. 7. A large and very much compressed individual, showing a slight curvature of the tube, with the dis-
placed siphimcle, indicated by the raiseil and curved longitudinal ridge. The maceration of
lilt- t-hell and the destruction of the septa has probably allowed the siphuncle to fall against the
inlenor walls of the tube, and the extreme comjiression has shown it in i-elief on the exterior.
Upper Helileiberg limestone. Caledonia, N. Y.

Fig. 8. An enlargement of the i-ui-face to three diameters, showing the sharp, continuous, longitudinal
ridges, and the finer ti-ansvei'se stria: crenulating their summits. Upi)er Helderberg limestone.
DiUilin, 0.

Orthoceras inoptatum.

PajfC 267.

See Plate 87.

Fig. 9. A fragment preserving its normal form and retaining portions of the test ovei- the surface of the

tube. Upper Heidelberg limestone. Clarence Hollow, N. Y.
Fig. 10. Tlie surface of the test enlarged to three diametei-s, showing the regular longitudinal striae and the
more ii-regular transverse strise, with tiner intermediate lines of growth.

( ORTHOCERATID.E .)

Palaeontology of NYVolVPtll

Plate CM.

£EminonBileI.

Plijl.Ast.litJi.

PLATE CXII. — Continued.

Orthoceras oppletum.

Page ai8.
See Plate 81.
Fi^ 11. An obliqne view of two air-cban,be,^, showing the raised areola around the siphuncle, with the
fun-ows at its margin. p.KHlaced by the solution of the organic deposit, and also the striated
surface of the sept*. Schoharie gi-it. Albany county, N. T.

Orthoceras luxum.

Page 244.

See Plates 35, 76, 77, 78, 78 B, 81.

Fi^ 12 A fragment embracing several air-chamhe.-s. which have been nearly filled with organic deposit.

F.g. 12. A '-^-'^^^^^ J^ ^^ ^,^ ^^,^^.„,„ ,,„,, ,,, ,,, left by the solution o the n.atena o t e

depoMt, but in the \^t Mr-chamber the deposit itself i. preserved, as indicated by he small.

globular m».sses filling the cavity of the chamber. Schoharie gnt Albany c.mv,ty, iY. J.

Fi^ 13 A weathered fragment, which preserves the furrowed cylinder around the siphuncle, and the pits.

Hg. 13. ^^'^^^^'^^^J ^^^.^^^ „„ ,^^ ^^,^ ^ p,oduced by the organic deposit. Schoharie gi-it.

Fi. 14 An fnUr^menf ;/a fragment to two diametei-s. showing the characters of the organic deposit
*• mo'faTetlil than is shown in the preceding illuslrarions. The cylinder of the elevated areola

Ti^und the siphuncle. may be tra.-ed by the in-egular longitudinal furrows, which are a dis tin-
K^htg fLtive of t^e a^ola. as it becomes more prominent toward the apex of t e tube . ue
S^ he inc'ase in the amount of the deposit. The small pits formed by the solution o he
deposit a.^e continued over the entire interior of the air-chambers indicating its exten and the
S complete obliteration of the cavities of the air-chambers. Schoharie gnt. Scho-
harie, if. T.

Orthoceras pravum.

Page 155.
See Plates 35, 36. 81.
Fi., 15 Ventral view of two air-chambers, showing the obscuration of the ornamentation on the septa, as
Fig. 15. >-'™l -;^^; ^„ ,, deposit around the margins of the ai-eola and the ovale

U^^ expansion, extending over the ventral walls of the air-chambe.-s. On one of the
?ha^™ are shown the i-emains of the concentric stri* surrounding the areolar marking^
The oTrnic deposit consists of coarse, globular masses and a finer deposit over the wall of
le Z^hLZl These featu.-es a.^ in.licated, as in the specimens of 0. lu^un. h.r-e illns-
IrateX by t^e furrows and small pits made in the foi^ign matter, filling the cavities ot the
chambers by the solution of the calcareous deposit.
Fig 16. Thetnc^vrsiJe of a septum, showing the lamellose-striate areola around the siphuncle. and its
extension to the ventral side. Schoharie giit. Schoharie, N. T. „^ . ^ , . „,,,.„

Albany county, N. T.

PLATE CXIII.

Bactritbs clavds.

See Plate 84.

fig. 1. Ventml(1) view of an individual, pi-esei-ving a portion of the chamber of habitation and twenty-five
air-cbaiiibei-s, showing the form of the shell, the " dorsal lobe " and the cui'vature of the sutures.
'ITie greater iK)rtiou of the shell has been tilled and replaced by iron pyrites, which has formed
an irregular mass at the upper exti-emity of the chamber of habitation. The apical air-
chambere have not been filled with this mineral, and are macerated and disturbed by com-
pression. Marcellus shale. Schoharie, N. Y.

Vig. 3 id. An enlargement of five air-charabei-s, showing the different aspects of the " doi-sal lobe," as pro-
duced by the exfoliation of the test. In no case is it a sinus in the septal margins, but is a
hiatus in the walls of the internal mould of the air-chambei's, fi'om the contact of the siphun-
calar tube with the inner surface of the test.

Pig. 8 id. Lateral view of three air-chambers, showing the curvature of the sutures over the lateral face of
the tube, and the concavity of the septa in a dorso-ventral dii-ection. The tube of the siphuncle
is slightly pi-ojecting from the lower septum, nnd the septa are somewhat advanced on this side.

Kig. 4 id Doi-sal view of the same, showing the slight longitudinal carina along the walls of the air-chambei-8
and the concavity of the septa in a latei-al direction.

Pig. iid. k septum showing the transverse section of the tube, and the size and iwsition of the siphuncle.

Orthockras scintilla.

Page 293.
See Plate 84.

Pig. 6. A specimen, natural size, showing the form of the shell and the depth of the air-chambei-s. Prom
the shales of the Haipilton group. JPratt's Palls, Onondaga county, iV. T.

Pig. 7. An enlargement of a longitudinal section of three air-chambers, showing the concavity of the septa
and the large central siphuncle, without any expansions of its tube or cii-cumposed organic
deposit.

Tig. 8. A similar enlargement of another fragment, showing the expansion of the siphnncular tube, princi-
pally at one side.

Fig. 9. Another fragment in which the siphuncle is equally expanded in the anterior portion of each air-
chamber.

Fig. 10. An enlargement of the lower septum of fig. 7, showing a small concentric areola around the insertion
of the siphuncle.

Fig. H. A septum con-esponding to fig. 8, showing the central position of the siphuncle at its insertion in
the septum, and the excentric areola from the asymmetrical expansion of the tube in the cavity
of the preceding air-chaml>er.

Fig. 12. A septum of specimen fig. 9, with a large central areola around the insertion of the siphuncle^
corresponding to the great expansion of the tube in the air-chambei-s.

Orthoceras crotalum.

Page 296.
See Plates 42, 82.
Vig. 13. The apical portion of a small individual enlai'ged three diameteiv, preserving the initial extremity,
and showing the umbilical cicatrice at the apex, the oi-nanientation of the test, and the depth
of the air-chambei's. The first air-chamber is seen to be much deeper than those succeeding.
Hamilton group. Pratt's Falls, N. Y.
Fig. 13 a. The initial extremity of the preceding, further enlarged, to show the charactera of the umbilical
cicatrice more in detail.

ialcEontology of N YVol VPtH.

( OnTHOOEnATlD.K ,)

Plate Cim^

PhU.Astiiih.

PLATE CXIU— Continued.
Orthoceras textum.

Page 285.
Fig. 14. An indi^-idual showing the form of the shell and the character of the surface-markings, which are
preserved over the entire exterior of the tube. Limestone of the age of the Hamilton proup.
.Fiiils of the Ohio, near Louisville, Ky.

Orthoceras tenere.

Page 285.
Fig. 15. An indi\'idual preserving several air-chambers near the apex, and showing the form of the tube.
This specimen and the preceding erf 0. textum' have become silicified, and the internal charac-
tei-s of the septa and siphuncle are obliterated. From limestone of the age of the Hamilton
group. Fblls of the Ohio, near Loiiismlie, Ky.

Orthoceras pustis.
Page 381.
See Plate 83.
Fig. 16. The chamber of habitation entii-e, with several attached air-chambers. The septate portion is
covered with the test and shows the surface charactere. The chamber of habitation i-etains
fragments of the test and shows the internal mould, which is marked by a decided constric-
tion of the tube near the aperture, and a more gentle constriction near the base of the chamber.
The ai>erture is entii-e, and a small fragment of the test presents its natural acute margin.
Goniatite limestone. Schoharie, N. Y.
V\g. 17. A septum of the preceding, showing the central position of the siphuncle.

Orthoceras Marcellbnse.

Page 278. '-^ 0'*BVi-^

See Plates 38. 83,
. /, '. - /
Fig. 18. A fragment showing the internal mould of the air-chambers and the characters of the organic

deposit. The larger extremity preserves three longitudinal carinae, of which the central one is

stronger, and marks the ventral side of the tube. Proceeding in the direction of the apex, the

organic deposit is firat exhibited as small, iiTegular masses of calcareous matter, arranged

somewhat symmetrically in regard to the venti-al line. It increases in amount and complexity,

until, at the smaller extremity, the cavities of the air-chambei-s are nearly filled with the

dep )8it. Goniatite limestone. Manlius, iV. Y.

Orthoceras cochleatum.

Page 308.
Fig. 19. An individual nearly entire, showing the form of the tube and the curvature and obliquity of the
septal sutures. The chamber of habitation shows a slight constriction of the tube near the
aperture, with a contraction at the aperture, and preserves traces of transverse lamellose
surface-markings. Upper Chemung group. Warren, Pa.

Orthoceras bipartitum.

Page 313.
Fig. 20. A small fragment preserving a portion of the gr..nd chamber, with ten attached air-chambers,
showing the prominent annulations on the chamber of habitation, and their absence over the
septate portion. The intei-nal mould preserves traces of sharp longitudinal striae and trans-
veree lines of growth.

^uarMvmtO

PLATE GXlll— Continued.

Tig. tl. A fragment of another individual showing nearly the same characters as the preceding'. In this
example the air-chambers include several annulations, and are much deeper than in the smooth
portion of the tube.

The specimens of this species here figured are from the sandstones of the Upper Chemung
group, at WarrcTi, Pa.

Orthocera.8 cjelamen.

Page 298.

See Plates 42, 43, 82.

Fig. 22. A fragment preserving portions of the test, and showing the natural form of the tube and characters

of the annulations.
Fig. S3. A septum of another individual enlarged two diameters, showing the transverse section of the tabs
and the position of the siphuncle, with the small raised areola around its insertion, and the
radiating vascular markings extending to the margin of the septum. Hamilton group. Mora-
via, Tiear Cayuga lake, N. Y.

Obthoceras lima.

P«ge»03.
Fig. 34. A fragment showing the gradually enlarging tube, and the numerous sharp annulations ornamenting

its surface. Hamilton group. Caaenovia, N. T.
Fig. 35. An enlargement of a portion of the surface of the preceding, showing the character of the annul»>

tions and the longitudinal striae, inteiTupted by the lines of growth between the annulations.

BINDING SECT. JUL, 0 869

QH
105

N7N3
V.24.

Natural history of New York

i Medic*)

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