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Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
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Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
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THE
Divketor
NATURAL HISTOR Yetion neta oe
OF
BRITISH SHELLS,
INCLUDING
FIGURES anp DESCRIPTIONS
SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN,
SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED
IN THE LINNEAN MANNER,
WITH
SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH,
RAF -——
POLY.
PS DED] PC2
saver
By FE. DONOVAN, F.LS.
AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF
BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &¢, &c.
sae f- NN
; Ciage t t}
Lox DON: ©
PRINTED’ FOR THE AUTHOR
AND FOR api
F. AND C. RIVINGTON, No 62, ST, PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD;
BY BYE AND LAW, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE) GLERKENWELL,
— Oo o=—
1802,
| JUL 19 1957,
LIBRARY,
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Enyelt
{09
THE
NATURAL HISTORY
BRITISH SHELLS.
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PLAT E . Cir.
MUREX CARINATUS.
CARINATED MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTERe
Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat
produced gutter or canaliculation.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Tail patulous: Shell oblong, of six spires, with two smooth spiral
ridges; first spire ventricose. Aperture semi-circular.
Murex CARINATUs: testa patulo-subcaudata oblonga: anfractibus
sex levibus bicarinatis; primo ventricoso, apertura
semicirculari.
A 2
PLATE CEH.
Murex carinatus, angulated. With five or six spires, the body ven-
tricose; the spires rising into angulated ridges.
The aperture semicircular. Length near four
inches. From the Portland Cabinet. Penn.
Br. Zool. T. 4. p. 123. sp. 96.
The shell, figured in the annexed Plate is unique; it formerly be-
longed to the late Duchess of Portland, by whose permission Mr.
Pennant described it in the British Zoology. This author has given
two figures of it, one in Plate 77, and the other in the Frontispiece
of the fourth volume.
The existence of this species being only proved by a solitary speci-
men, various conjectures have arisen amongst Conchologists respecting
it. Some have been inclined to admit it as an undoubted species, and
others as a mere accidental variety of growth of the Linnzan Murex
Antiquus. How far we may be authorized to abide by the former
opinion must rest with the critical Naturalist.
To argue that it cannot be a distinct species, because only one
shell of the kind has been hitherto found, is absurd; since the ex-
istence of many other species has been asserted upon the evidence of
a single specimen only, and its relation to Murex antiquus is not so
obvious as might be at first imagined. It certainly approaches it in
the general outline, but the ridges of Murex Antiquus is most com-
pletely raised into tubercules, whereas those of Carinatus are per-
fectly smooth and even, nor is there that strict correspondence in
the angulaticns of the contour in general that should induce us to
consider it a vatiety of Murex Carinatus.
aw
PLATE CIX.
In deciding a question of some moment to the English Concho-
logist, it has been thought advisable to give an additional Plate of
Murex Antiquus, by which the difference between the two shells may
be more easily discriminated. We must’ however observe, that the
latter is not absolutely known as a British shell ; it is a native of the
North Seas, and has been supposed to inhabit some of the remote
northern islands of the British dominions. The Murex Antiquus of
Pennant is a very different shell, and by no means allied to that of
Linnzus, whose name it bears.
It is now uncertain from what part of our coast the Duchess of
Portland received this shell ; Pennant is silent in this respect, but we
cannot dispute that her Grace received it as a British shell, since it
was inserted upon her authority in the British Zoology.
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PLATE CX.
SOLEN MARGINATUS.
MARGINATED RAZOR SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong, open at both ends. At the
hinge a subulated tooth turned back, often double ; not inserted in
the opposite shell. Animal an ascidia.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell straight, of equal depth, a single tooth in each valve.
4
SoLEN MaRGINATUs: testa lineari recta marginata, valvulis un-
dentatis.
Solen Vagina, Sheath, Penn. Br. Zool. p. 83. No. 21.
Some Conchologists imagine that Da Costa has confounded this
species with his Solen Siliqua, but it is more probable that he had
never met with it, or the character of the teeth at the hinge could
not have escaped his notice. In its general appearance it is not un-
like Solen Siliqua, but has one end marginated, and only a single
A 4
PLATE CX.
tooth in each valve; on the contrary Solen Siliqua has two teeth in
one valve, and one in the other; the single one being inserted be-
tween the two others when the shell is shut.
This is very scarce. Pennant says it inhabits Red Wharf, Anglesea,
This is not Solen Vagina of Linnzeus, as Pennant describes it.
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PLAT ®. CRI.
TROCHUS TERRESTRIS.
LAND TOP SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a slug. Shell conic, aperture nearly triangular.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Rather conic, whitish, with a spiral brown streak along the middle
of the wreaths.
TrocHus TERRESTRIS: testa subconica albida anfractibus linea
media fusca.
Trochus Terrestris, Land. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 108. tab. 80.
fig. 108.
Trochus Terrestris tertius. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 36. C.
Pennant describes this new British species of Land Trochus upon
the authority of Mr. Hudson, who discovered it upon the Mountains
of Cumberland. Da Costa therefore places it as a distinct species, but
expresses some doubt whether it may not be the same Land Trochus
as Dr. Lister found in the moss at the roots of the large trees in
Burwell woods, in Lincolnshire, and to which the shell found by
Mr. Morton, in Morsley wood, Northamptonshire, bears great
affinity. Dr. Lister’s shell had six or seven wreaths, and Mr. Mor-
ton’s only five. Mort, Northampt. ch. 7. p. 415,
te ATREa
ay sauecgaaner augoa , a re
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pind fv Tbe kip eae yz! lye wrote anilt rare
se Sees ad? woya tr Dates vidve weogbikt i to yiitonion a
EG Hod sister siti: «din Cohn, aoa aaer tk sie dear Ff
me “Sup Peal Sta T apc, hi od 200: vary ot Ypulse lech action esate
A; rg ee eT ae oy cdeege SIR gh; Gravel ial E athiea! a
Poe RA Mies these wilh ais! Ot Gita deipee® si aborted
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12
PLATE CXIL
TURBO DUPLICATUS.
TWO RIDGED SCREW SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture
somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell slender, with two sharp prominent spiral ridges,
Turso DuPpLicaTus: spire anfractibus carinis duabus acutis.
Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3607. sp. 79.
Buccinum crassum, duobus acutis, & inzqualiter altis striis in singulis
duodecim minimum spiris donatum. An. Buc-
cinum striatum oaamve Fab. Columne? List
H. An. Angl. p. 160. tit. 7. tab. 3. fig. 7.
Turbo duplicatus, doubled. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 112. tab. 81.
fig. 112.
Strombiformis major rubro lutescens aut pullus : anfractibus duabus
carinis sive striis acutis insignitis. Bicarinatus. s.
Torcular. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 110. 44.—
Tab. 6. fig. 3.
PLATS CMA.
This species is admitted as a British shell upon the authority of
Dr. Lister, who says he had purchased them of the Scarborough
fishermen. Dr. Lister had not seen any of them alive, and concludes
it must be a pelagian shell, or one of those which live far from the
shores.
As Pennant had inserted this species in his British Zoology, upon
this authority, Da Costa was unwilling to omit it in his Britesh
Conchology, yet he observes, that it is not improbable Dr. Lister
was imposed upon by the fishermen, for the shell is generally believed
to be anative of the East-Indies ; some consider it asa West-Indian,
and others as an European species.
oe
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PL A TE. CXIII.
MYTILUS ANATINUS.
SMALL HORSE MUSCLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
The hinge toothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell oval, rather compressed, brittle, margin m2mbranaceous, beaks
decorticated.
Mytitus ANATINUS: testa ovali compressiuscula fragilissima mar-
gine membranceo, natibus decorticatis. Gmel.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3355. sp. 16.
Musculus latus, testa admodum tenui, ex fusco viridescens, interdum
rufescens, &c. List. 1. An. Angl. p. 146. tit.
29. tab. 2. fig. 29.
Musculus tenuis minor latiusculus. App. 7. An. Angl. p. 0. tit.
80. tab. 1. fig. 2.—dApp. H. An. Angl. m
Goed. p. 13. tit. 30. tab. 1. fig. 2.
Mytuli majores a nostratibus. Horse muscles. Merret. Pin. p. 193.
Mytilus anatinus Duck. Penn. Br. Sool. No. 79. tab. 68. fig. 79.
Mytilus fluviatilis minor. Anatinus, Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 215.
sp. 47. tab. 15. gee oe
uf
PLATE /C2i.
This species bears much resemblance to Mytilus Cygneus, but
differs in being only about half the size, is more compressed and
oblong, of a clearer green colour, and the cartilage side extending
in a straight line to an acute angle, likea fin, and thence continuing
in an oblique line towards the bottom, where it is rounded.—Ex-
tremely common in rivers and stagnant waters.
Pennant’s shell is much broader in proportion than our specimens.
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PLATE CXIV.
SOLEN ANTIQUATUS.
ANTIQUATED SOLEN, OR RAZOR SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
“
Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong ; open at both ends. At the
hinge a subulated tooth turned back, often double; not inserted in
the opposite shell. Animal an Ascidia.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Oval oblong, semipellucid, lower margin sinuous in the middle.
Soren CHAMA-SOLEN : testa ovali-oblonga subpellucida, sinuosa,
Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 238. sp. 62.
Chama angustior, ex altera parte sinuosa. Last. H. Conch. tab. 421.
fig. 265.
Solen Cultellus, Kidney. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 25. tab. 46. fig. 25-
————————————————
This is perhaps the rarest species of the Solen genus found upon
the British coasts, and as Pennant observes, seems to connect the
Solen with the Mya genera. It borders on the Chama of Da Costa,
PLATE. CXIV.
who therefore calls it Solen Chama-Solen. Pennant notes it from
Weymouth, and Da Costa received it from the shores of Dorset-
shire and Hampshire.
Pennant has mistaken this for a very distinct shell, described by
Linnzus, under the name of Solen Cultellus.
MS
PLATE CXV.
VENUS CANCELLATA.
MEMBRANACEOUS VENUS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth ; two near each other,
the third divergent from the beaks.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Somewhat heart shaped with remote transverse membranaceous
ridges ; a cordiform depression on the slope under the beaks.
Venus CANCELLATA: testz striis transversis membranaceis remotis,
Ano cordato. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3270. sp. 8.
Pectunculus strigis transversis remotis, acutis, membranaceis, donatus
Membranaceous. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 193.
sp. 29. tab. 13. fig. 4. right hand.
Da Costa described this shell from a specimen in the collection of
the late Dr. Fothergill. It is from the Western coast.
The shell figured by Pennant, No. 48. A. Pl. 48, as a Worn
shell of Venus Erycina, is probably of this species ; for it seems.en-
tirely destitute of the longitudinal undulations that decussate the
transverse ridges in Venus Erycina.
VOL. IV. B
nitroa cans shaban , Oy
et ; hae 2 RATAGETS
) ew ' ' > , “a “
ieee as sabsreneidirera ming eiogist in bade sad
at i, \ ’
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1
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. M re
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- a
Soe
—
5, fe & schantle orit at ‘emwip a eee to ih ato nN er:
- \ ian Janen ets sa We ot “a eet: =i vias,
a i 7.0 4 ae ; . ‘ ¥
a yeostntenate 9. Pa meade en
-
ak eens - ae
pee a) oa peta AS
oe . > P- f 4 AEN h ‘ ; } e a a |
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8 eG aL ORE ep. aa
OSTREA LINEATA.
LINEATED SCALLOP.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, unequal. The hinge without a
tooth, having a small oval cavity.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Valves nearly equal, thin: one white, the other marked with a single
purple line down each rib.
OsTREA LINEATA: testa subequivalvi tenui, valva una alba, alte-
rus singulis costis linea purpurascenti.
Pectunculus, mediocris, fere zequivalvis, tenuis, valva una alba, altera
vero cum linea purpurascente in summitate una-
quzeque coste. Lineatus. Da Costa Br. Conch.
p. 147. sp. 4. Tab. 10. fig. 8.
This elegant shell seems to be described only by Da Costa; he
says he was informed it had been fished up about Weymouth, in Dor-
setshire, but had only seen it from Cornwall. We have it from the
coast of Devonshire also, from which it appears an inhabitant of the
western coast in general, though it is very rarely met with.
.
3 i ra
Pe veepuye | A ee ;
ga e ti cn varity ene ans -deupa
y + i Hits awob anil alin oe
' ane N
_ «rte onthe nite ite. ‘aie by uriogeader sizal : ee
Reriaect
Kap 6 “io ‘e cles
opti 4eeeten dvi Ne nye
C ana (A nS eS
ie sion - bhal cans hier ‘ai
* ee Artin ie Pe 1M di 1 5 bee r
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ee afk nto! Meret se Vl lovato? pie
39% | thee nas wd ative > Ave ae ;
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POAT E CxVIE
PHOLAS SPRIAT A.
STRIATED PIDDOCK.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal ascidia. Shell bivalve, opening wide at each end, with
several lesser valves at the hinge. ‘The hinges folded back and con-
nected by a cartilage.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS,
Shell ovate, with numerous striz. ,
PHOLAS STRIATA: testa ovata multifarium striata. Gmel. Linn.
Syst. p. 3215. sp. 3.
Act. Anst. Side! f. \, 9, 3, 4.
Gualt. Test. t. 105. F.
Extremely rare asa British species, and not noticed by either
Pennant or Da Costa. In the collection of the Rey. T. Rackett.
i
VOL. Iv. e
il ie | Me fopr! TaeParay TERIOR ae
* ane Shih = c 5
ae Pa Fe) Pe hee el iin 44 ‘ote gevnsiys otter bet’ cit oad
emcee sith mace at vegpathe at 1 oan
ae
ONES
i Mele - ‘ . < a 7 ee ei. eth
_ SPARED, 22h 1981
i hy © sedis loin. bie air
na Ne. a oid a ott “itt Fa acdyaltig 3 r ke
<< e : “it Sa ae
lid
PIZAT E CXVIL.
PHOLAS. DACTY LU S.
PRICKLY PADDOCK.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal ascidia. Shell bivalve, opening wide at each end, with
several lesser valves at the hinge. ‘The hinges folded back and con-
nected by a cartilage.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell oblong, striated transversely, and reticulated on the upper part
with little spines.
‘Puoxas Dactytus: testa oblonga hinc reticulato-striata. Goel.
Linn. Syst. p. $214.
Pholas rostratus major diepensis vulgd Gallice Piteau dictus. App.
HH. Ani Angl. mt Goed. p. 37. tab. 2. fig. 3.—
Pholas striatus, sinuatus ex altera parte. [7is¢.
Conch. tab. 433. fig. 276.—Pholas alte striatus,
ex altera parte sinuatus, eadem mucronatus, Hist.
nost. Conch. Anglice Piddocks, Gallicz Pitau ;
earumque piscatories pitau quieres. Exercit.
Anat. 3. p. 88. fa).1. fig. 1, 2. Pholas an-
gustius; oblong Pierce stone or Pholade. Petiv.
PLATE CXVIIL
Gaz. tab. 19. fig. 10.—Piddocks. Dale Harw.
p- 389. Pholas Dactylus, Dactyle. Penn. Br.
ool. p. 716. sp. $0.
Pholas angustius striatus & veluti aculeatus. Muricatus. Da Costa
Br. Conch. p..244. sp. 65. tab. 16. fig. 2. 2.
This species burrows or pierces into rocks, where it forms large
cylindrical cavities. It is not uncommon on many of our coasts, and
is sometimes eaten ; it is in season in the Spring.
9
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I if
}
eT AT GRIX:
MUREX ANTIQUUS.
ANTIQUATED MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat
produced gutter or canaliculation.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Tail patulous: Shell oblong, of eight spires: spiral ridges
tuberculated.
Murex AnTIquus: testa patulo-caudata oblonga: anfractibus octo
teretibus. Faun. Suec. 2165.—Gmel. T. 1,
fig. 6. p. 3546.
In the description of Plate CLIX. our reafon for considering this
and Murex Carinatus as two distinct species, are briefly stated ; and
the difference, it is presumed, will be farther apparent on comparing
the two shells figured in that, and the annexed Plate.
Reversed shells of this species have been sometimes found. It is
an inhabitant of the northern parts of Europe.
VOL, IV. . D
.
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as! sheik eal ott segeoldd eopbmss
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ov ee
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8
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—
CR DA Tey CAR:
FIG. I,
BULLA APERTA.
OPEN BULLA OR BUBBLE,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Shell suboval, Aperture oblong, very patulous, and smooth or even.
One end convoluted.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER ~
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell almoft entirely open, subrotund, pellucid, and faintly striated
transversely.
Butta APERTA: testa subrotunda pellucida transversim substriata
tota hiante. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. 1.
p. 6. sp. 3424. sp. 8.
Bulla pellucida, fragilissima, tota hians, s. apertura amplissima.
Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 30. sp. 16.
———EEEEE
Da Costa says, all the shells of this species he knew, were fished up
near Weymouth in Dorsetshire, and not any where else on the
British coast ; they are even not frequent there; so that it seems a
rare as well as curious shell.—To this we may add, that they are
D2
PLAT EE. CAX.
rare only because they are local: in one part of the sandy bay of
Caermarthen, below Tenby, we found them in abundance.
It is called ‘* the Bubble” by this writer; who observes that it
exactly resembles a bubble or bladder of water. The aperture is so -
extremely large that the whole shell lies open to view. ‘The contour
is somewhat oval, and slightly involuted; and the shell is not
umbilicated.
This is certainly not Bulla patula of Pennant (Brit. Zool. No. 85. A.)
as Da Costa and Gmelin imagine. ‘The figures in that work are
sometimes calculated to mislead thd most attentive; but as we are in
possession of the shell Pennant describes, we can venture to say
the two former writers are mistaken. The species Aperta was
unknown to Pennant, and the shell he figured from the Portland
Cabinet, under the specific name of Patula, is extremely rare.
FIG. IE
BULLA CYLINDRICA.
NARROW BULLA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell cylindric, smooth, white, and thin.
Butta CYLINDRIcA: testa cylindrica levi alba tenuissima. Gmel.
T.1. p. 6. p. 3493. Sp. 38. .
PivA. TE CHA:
This is a very scarce species on our coasts, and approaches so nearly
to Bulla pallida of Da Costa (Voluta pallida. Zznn.) described and
figured in Plate LXVI. of this Work, that it may easily be
confounded with it, unless the two shells be compared. Bulla
Cylindrica differs in being rather more compressed, and has the pillar-
lip perfectly smooth ; while on the contrary the other has plaits or
wrinkles upon this part as before observed: a circumstance that
constitutes one character of the Voluta genus in the system of
Linneus.
In the description of the Voluta pallida we were ted to think
with Da Costa, that the shell figured by Pennant in the British
Zoology, No. 85. A. might be of the same species. Since that
time. we have been favoured with the specimen figured in the annexed
Plate; and as it seems to correspond more clearly with Pennant’s
shell than the other, there can be no impropriety in removing the
reference from the former to the prefent species. Gmelin takes
not the slightest notice of this figure of Pennant; so that we must
remain ignorant of his opinion respecting it. And it is certain the
shell before us was altogether unknown to Da Costa.
a
<<.
>
a reve ‘a pa .
Ci / wrecy Ay PS 2: ag
p oe eae
a i be . ee oats ve ‘ » ee TaD
Sen i evel
‘ane i aia oso
Shy i i a
heed ‘ f : eae eran f
; i f racyete Bei
_ te, F A R i cas shee Nerd
" ‘, het a ig) “ et Aw i
i i A ‘es NM : 7
a a e) 4iele Serpe:
?,4 a 5 ‘ ~~ ; i
. 4 i
4 y a
+ iG yiow ‘
y Weds Oot. ya ,8 } 7a 4 ar.
~ =a
| /2L
eaPLCATE CAXL
VENUS UNDATA.
WAVED VENUS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other,
the third divergent from the beaks.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell orbiculated, convex, thin, transversely marked with very fine
stria, and waved at the margin.
Venus UnparTa: testa orbiculata convexa tenui transversim subti-
lissime striata margine undata.
Venus Unpata, waved.—With thin, convex, orbiculated shells,
of a white colour, tinged with yellow, and
marked with thin concentric siri@ ; waved at the
edges, Penn. Brit. Sool. 4. sp. 51.
There can be no doubt that the shell figured and defcribed by
Pennant in the fourth volume of his British Zoology, No, 51, is of
D 4 ;
PLATE (GRRL
the fame fpecies as our shell. ‘That author says it is the size of a
hazel nut, from which it appears the fpecimen he faw was a young
Shell; the largest of our specimens being of the size represented in
the annexed Plate.
This is Venus lactea of some cabinets, a name sufficiently ex-
pressive of its colour, but having been before called Undata by
Pennant, we thought it best to retain the name he had given it.
te
a
“4
ae adh
ea
i
as Pe See b
« apres mere a a con
Jo
PLATE CXXII.
MYA OVATA.
OVATE MYA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal an afcidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge
for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, and broad tooth, not
inferted in the opposite valve.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell oblong-ovate; posterior part roundish, and very slightly gaping ;
first tooth at the hinge crenulated.
- Mya OvVATA: testa oblonge-ovata, postice rotundata vix hiante, car«
dinis dente primario crenulato.
naa
This is the Shell alluded to in the description of Plate 101, under
the name of Mya ovata. ‘The difference between it and Mya depressa,
as before observed, seems to consist in the present being more ovate,
and not depressed across the middle: nor is the gaping at the broadest
end so considerable as in the other.
These, we have already remarked, inhabit the same waters as Mya
depressa, viz. in the New River, near London, and the Froome in
PLATE CXXII
Somerfetshire. It is a thick,-strong and heavy Shell, of a greenish
colour, and radiated.—The smallest figure in the annexed plate is a
brown coloured specimen of Mya depressa.
: he
: i
‘
4
‘ i 4
2
*
, '
x
+
é
y
4
a
i
‘ 4
2 y fais 7 .
oe Oe Sock ae a act Ets, ear : a |
' : r :
~~ v a ll
i AS awe ; ‘ 7 i tty
mt it id! ra ‘ay are fi rd ‘
1k IY a 4 ma J : i
- ich ee ee ota hh Leg a i ; }
: ‘ - |
Ces
es
aye. yt is
PLATE. CxXIM
TELLINA INAQUISTRIATA.
UNEQUALLY-STRIATED TELLEN.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
The hinge usually furnished with three teeth. Shell generally sloping
on one side.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell ovate, compressed and rather flattish, rosy, very finely striated
transversely: the striz fewer and larger at the anterior end.
TELLINA INZQUISTRIATA: testa ovata compresso-planiuscula rosea
subtilissime transversim striata: striis anterius
paucioribus majoribusque.
a nn
A very rare species of Tellina communicated to Da Costa after his
Conchology was published, and therefore not noticed in that work.
It has been found by the late Dr. Pulteney we believe on the coast
of Dorsetshire.
4 j PAA
gr 4
VILL soot Pte
Ab
4 i‘
~ a 4 — i U 9 it ards 1
a * : ; ; ta: oo th ad
vi 7” . ij al ¥ é
* ATE el ST? i a es y is e Z “ ic > +4
Pate Mayra =) a *.)% mae vil ‘ " . " : x } i ba :
“i : 45 wha aren t VV
ee wry aul ‘t
ae - OU Fae
RE de Oo Ne Pa A TOL ORS.
he é (v5 Sa arts } { ™ ‘ J | a) ca 3
VA , 4 "x Poh hen A et ‘ 4 4é “i a ‘ rt t by ; ely
hy pa * i ‘ = e x J , ' 5
f? 4 ’ ‘ k y ‘
‘ 2 e ati »
ae § / A ak yt 1 f
; ia oye j a i ahtads iN 4
SE ‘i AEP AAO RS Aa
By : - . a rie . . >
| ; Rca atl eaten okt ittsas
op soiled Badia Ue
f be i ?
Tip j re 4 7 x & Fl r eet a
i » 5
Re Sh ei EAs > br
Vs a ey ae .
: ' ~ : a r ee ae
- arc ?. 2 a ae , - a _ . J - v
RT: hits 2oUsSTaw 9T ty bya Dodd saan cade Sf = f
yh At ee A a 24 as ’ | mr 4 ; a
it . iy, - site S . p . P) Sd ? boa . 7, y
| a
Ray a ch See
aio aI) ALATA AE &
oe Ok
sake rae iis «aga ia
PLATE CXXIV.
FIiGa
ARDIUM EDULE.
COMMON COCKLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Two teeth near the beak; and another remote one, on each side of
the shell.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell antiquated: about twenty-six grooves, with obsolete recurved
scales.
CaRDIUM EDULE: testa antiquata; sulcis viginti sex obsolete re-
curvato imbricatis. Linnm—Gmel. T. 1. p. 6.
p. 3252. sp. 20.
PECTUNCULUS VULGARIS, albidus, subrotundus, circiter viginti-sex
striis majusculis at planioribus donatus. Da Costa,
Brit. Conch. p. 180. sp. 19.
Cardium Edule, Edible Cockle. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 41. tab. 50.
fig. 41.
PLATE CXXIV.
The Common Cockle is abundant on all sandy shores: they lurk
in the sand, and their hiding-place is known by a little round depressed
spot upon the surface. Cockles are in season from autumn till spring:
they are a wholesome and palatable food; and thofe from Selfea,
near Chichester, are esteemed the most delicious in England.
These Shells vary a little both in shape and colour: the two {pe-
cimens figured on the annexed Plate differ, one being more orbicular
than the other. They are generally whitish, sometimes they have a
blueish, and sometimes a yellowish tint.
FRG. 3M.
CARDIUM RUSTICUM?
’
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell antiquated, with about twenty remote grooves: the interftices
rugged.
CARDIUM RUSTICUM: testa antiquata: sulcis viginti remotis; in-
terstitiis rugesis. Gmelin, T.1. p. 6. p. 3252.
sp. 23?
i et
Notwithstanding the endless variations to which the shells of thé
common Cockle are liable, this appears too remote to be admitted as
one of them. It passes for Cardium rusticum with some concholo-
gilts, and though it may not strictly agree with that specific descrip-
tion of Gmelin, it approaches nearer to it than to edule. That author
PLATE CXXIV.
notices the affinity 7usticum bears to the other species ; but observes
that the grooves are deeper and the ribs fewer, and more convex in
rusticum: he remarks also that the latter has a ridge on the anterior
margin when the valves are closed, and a narrow depressure behind
the beaks, ‘* ano evidente, sed angusto,” which is not in the other.
The grooves in our Shell are not so deep as ‘ sulcis profundioribus”’
implies, but they are both deeper and wider than in the common
sort; the ribs are rather more convex also, fewer in number, and
rugged, as Gmelin describes it-—The colour exactly corresponds :
he says it is sometimes ferruginous, with livid bands and sometimes
white, with the anterior part fuscous: another variety of it is white,
fasciated with a ferruginous yellowish or blueish colour.
‘ me | We ted
ae ht +) NER vane jaa te bi aaa
ees ae eisai ye premio
“ap ROMP. Tt borne Rar age
A Twit ae ined, se ail
gl Al Ath
o ~ Px:
:* a
; i. shor enal ve
i.
: abe:
i as ay gene oh
Withee a Loe Bae pane i eae
es
He hed ae wh
+
‘
REAR VE: Foal 6 aud aye North acai Nir oe ‘fete Sai
1
by Pini
iy
Bead. shel
Pinot tity RP co ecraty * anager 2 di a
roll
Saegeal Gh toln. a eB is . as = ag , of r
PEATE *CXXV:
MACTRA GLAUCA,
GLAUCOUS MACTRA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Tethys, Bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth compli-
cated, with a little groove on each side; lateral teeth remote.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
s SYNONYMS,
Shell ovate, sordid white with brown {or glaucous) rays: very
finely ftriated transversely, and wrinkled on the anterior end.
Mactra Guauca: testa ovata sordide alba glauco radiata sub-
tilissime transversim striata anterius rugosa. Goel-
P19, 6. py. 3260. jp. 20.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 23. f. 232, 233.
This is a mew species as a British shell; and the conchologist is
indebted to Miss Pocock for the discovery of it on our coaft. The
attention with which this lady has honoured the science has not been
rewarded by this new species only: we have been favoured with
several others, besides many rare kinds that have been found by
VOL, IV, E
PLATE CXXV.
her on different parts of the sea-coast, and especially on that of
Cornwall, as will appear hereafter. A few shells of the species before
us were met with by her in the summer of 1801, on Hale sands under
Lelant in that county, and it is said by the country people they are
at times found on that coaft in some plenty.
Though hitherto’ unknown as a British shell, it has been before
discovered in the Mediterranean sea; for there can be no hesitation
in admitting it to be the shell figured by Chemnitz, as above quoted.
Gmelin refers to the two figures in that Work, No. 232, and 233,
for his species glauca; and the description corresponds in general
with them, though not exactly in the colour of the rays.—Gmelin
has another species of Mactra, grandis, which we at first suspected
to be the same as our shell. It agrees precisely in the colour of
the rays, but from the figure in Chemnitz’s work, quoted by Gmelin
for that species, these rays, it appears, are far more minute, than in
our shell, and are also decussated by others in a concentric direction ;
«—the outline of the Iatter is also different.
120
io
a
PLATE sC2AVe
MACTRA SUBTRUNCTA.
SUBTRUNCATED MACTRA,
. GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animala Tethys. Bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth complicated,
with a little groove on each side: lateral teeth remote,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell somewhat triangular, whitish, smooth, subtruncated on
each side.
MAcTRA SUBTRUNCATA: testa subtrigngularis, albescens, levis
lateribus subtruncatis.
Trigonella albescens lzvis, lateribus subtruncatis. Subtruncata. De
Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 198. No. 34.
Cee Se ee
=—=_
A thick, strong, and heavy shell, of a somewhat triangular shape,
and much flattened on each side, obliquely from the beaks: the
valves rather convex, the beaks pointed strong, and turned inwards,
ES
PLATE CXXVI.
The colour is pale or whitish, and it is externally marked with nue
merous fine concentric striz.
Received from Hampshire and Devonshire; but not common.
Found in a fossil state in the sand pits at Woolwich.
bl hee i? iy oe +!
ak ala ane
——-
=
5
<a.
— 7
«
»
.
lee
’ . a
acy
es
_ ‘
* ‘.
f 1 oF
, es 7
ee ae de
i re
i
iw
™I
Pie CAR VIL,
TROCHUS PAPILLOSUS.
SHAGREENED TOP SHELL,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a slug. Shell conic, Aperture nearly triangular,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pyramidal, umbilicated, red; whorls with several rows ef minute
granulations.
Trocnus PAPiLtosus: pytamidalis umbilicatus ruber, series papil-
Jarum donatus. Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 38.
No. 20.
Cul de lampe 4 flammes longitudinales, alternatives blanches et rou-
ges, a stries granuleuses et umbilique: et cul de
lampe marbré de blanc et de rouge, 4 stries cir-
culaires granuleuses et tuberculeuses. D’ Avila,
cab. 1.9. 127, 128.
——————————EeE=—=EeEeEeEeEeEe—=—=>=—=—=—=—_=eEE|=|=—{=]=_|=>=>=E——— aa
Da Costa acquaints us that he received “« some few of these shells
from Cornwall (in a great quantity of others, natives of that coast)
by an intelligent gentleman of veracity and curiosity ; but’ adds that
ES
PLATE CXXVIL
writer, ‘* must own I have never met with this species since on any
other British coasis.’”? We have since seen it among parcels of shells
from the Mediterranean, and also find that it has been discovered by
the late Dr. Pultney, on the North shore, Poole ; and at Weymouth.
The specific character of the Gmelinian Trochus Granatwn,
seems to accord very nearly with our shell *, but it is about twice the
size, and inhabits the Southern Ocean ; and it is certainly more pro-
bable, as some conchologists have suggested, that it is the variefy of
Trochus Zizyphinus, described by Linnaeus in the Mus. Regine,
as being “ tota pallida, anfractibus basi gibbis, striatis, subtitissime
punctis papilloris.”” It differs from Zizyphinus in having the anfrac-
tus a little rounded, and the wreaths being encircled with granulated
spiral ridges. “The name Da Costa has already given it, is very ap-
plicable ; and as it has undoubtedly escaped the notice of Gmelin,
there can be no impropriety in retaining it.—It is evidently one of the
rarest British species of the Trochus genus.
™ Testa pyramidali alba coccineo varia basi subconvexa; spire anfractibus convexis;
eingulis granorum moniformibus, primis duobus maximis. Gme/. 5584. sp. 108.
PEATE CARXVIL,
FIG. I. 1.
MYTILUS EDULIS.
COMMON MUSCLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
The hinge toothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell smoothish, violet: valves slightly carinated in front, retus¢
behind : beaks pointed.
MyTIL@® EDULIs: testa leviuscula violacea: valvis anterius sub
carinatis posterius retusis, natibus acuminatis.
Ln. Seuc. 2156. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. J.
p. 6. p. 3353. Sp. 11.
Mytilus vulgaris. Musculus vulgaris sublevis ex czruleo niger,
Common Muscle. Da Costa Brit. Conch.
p. 216. fp. 48.
Myrixus Eputis, Edible. Penn. Brit, Zool. T. 4. p. 110. /p. 73.
. EA
PLATE CXXVIIL
Few species of the shell tribe are more generally diffused through-
out the European and Indian seas than the Mytilus edulis; and few
indeed exhibit such an infinite number of varieties, differing in size,
in form, and colour; but which the critical Conchologist will yet
perceive cannot with propriety be assigned to any other species.
On the Plate annexed to this description, one shell of the shape
more uniformly prevalent is figured in its natural state, and another,
which, having been divested of the epidermis, displays a beautiful
variety of ‘irregular purple stripes: an appearance very common in
the uncoated shells, and in some sorts observable even when the epi-
dermis is upon them. ‘The upper and lower figures are of two
shells, which, we are inclined to think, differ too widely from the
common kind to be considered as a variety: the outline appears at
the first sight obviously dissimilar ; and the characters in general
seem to mark most decidedly another species. They are both worn
shells, but which we have compared with perfect specimens of My-
tilus ungulatus, and apprehend there can be no doubt that they
belong to that species.
Within the tropics, the common Muscle is known to attain a
much larger size than in northern climates. ‘They are found in im-
mense beds, and adhere to other substances, or to one another, by
means of a beard of a strong and silky texture, which the fish throws
out. The Muscle affords a rich and palatable food; though they
are not deemed wholesome by many people, who after eating them
are sometimes afflicted with great swellings and convulsive motions,
with eruptive blotches, shortness of breath, and even with delivium.
These dreadful effects are usually attributed to some malignant poison
in the little pea crab which is occasionally found in the Muscle, and
PLATE CXXVIIL.
may be accidentally eaten with it: others think it is in consequence
of swallowing the silky byssus, or beard ; and again many deem the
Muscle itself poisonous. It is, however, pretty generally agreed,
that they affect some constitutions more than others, and that much
depends on the state of the body at the time of eating them. The
disorder may be cured, or at least its malignity mitigateds by ad-
ministering to the affected person a spoonful of vinegar: some re-
commend sweet oil, or salt and water. Da Costa observes that su-
dorifics, vomits, oils, &c. are the usual remedies; and the Dutch
give two spoon’s-full of oil, and one of lemon-juice ; or, in defect of
that, a little more vinegar, well shaken. together, and ‘swallowed
immediately, —
The Muscle is the prey of many kinds of fishes, and other’ crea-
tures that inhabit the sea. On the coast of Greenland, Fabricius
tells us, they are so abundant, that the dogs and ravens commonly
feed on them; as do also the white game, (Ptarmigan) Kider Duck,
and many others.
The seed-pearls found in the shell of the Muscle was formerly in
some esteem, for medicinal purposes: these, it is well known, are
the effects of a disease in the fish, analogous to the stone in the
human body.
Mr. Pennant informs us, that the finest Muscles on the Engtish
coasts (where they are found in great abundance) are those called
Hambleton Hookers, from a village in the county of Lancashire.
They are taken out of the sea, and placed in the river Wier, within
reach of the tide, where they grow very fat and delicious,
PLATE CXXVHI:
FIG." Te
MYTILUS UNGULATUS.
CLAWED MUSCLE.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell smooth, somewhat curved : posterior margin inflected: hinge
: : Pe)
terminal, bidentated.
MyTILus UNGULATUs: testa levi subcurvata: margine posteriori
inflexe, cardine terminali bidentato. Zinn.—
Gmel. Syst. Nat. T. 1. p. 6. p. 3354, Sp, 12.
I
Several shells of this kind were picked up by Miss Pocock, on the
coast of Cornwall. It was before known as an inhabitant of the
Mediterranean, but not as a British species,
Fic. IL. 11.—Upper and lower Figures.
ee gt
Grr
Vict dong Aa
eae
‘
‘
fon
'
+
‘his
“
i
*
>
12.9
“PLATE CXXIX.
PATELLA ALBIDA.
WHITISH CHAMBERED PAP-SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Limax: shell univalve, sub-conic without spire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell fragile, entire, subrotund, whitish; vertex somewhat central,
and slightly pointed ; lip within lateral.
PATELLA ALBIDA: testa fragilis integerrima subrotunda albida
vertice subcentrali submucronato, labio interio
laterali.
This rare and nondescript species of Patella was found on the
coast of Cornwall, and communicated by the lady who favoured us
with Mactra glauca, and Mytilus ungulatus. It differs from any of
the described British shells of this genus, in having an inner lip or
chamber, such as is observed in several of the exotic kinds, belonging
to the first section of the genus in Gmelin’s arrangement ; “* Labiate
s. labio interno instruct, testa integra.”
It is an exquisitely delicate shell, and remarkably brittle: there is a
specimen of this shell in the collection of William Pilkington, Esq;
Whitehall,
ME er *
w ay =
vay ae Os Me ta Ne eA age. 0 Rok Orsi Meee
> Logetn ‘ A,
ph ga btig o% isa ne ii one rabbis,
af x: i b or
} : ibe ‘ a ” « 4 ny Fie ia)
fas y th
ee Be hes esighe N
| fol ae
. I : a yd
te? nh as 28 qs vb Se twit ry, tek Me eat
f 1 Pee 2° 5 ir
ee ania. pias sda NEN
P. ny f ‘*
eae roe 4 ae os He 14s ae. 4 iis nee
ay ' aa i ‘, Ce
i
ihe
‘ ' ‘
2 2 Aa tia
: . My
bd = ‘is a wee wis 7 st nt Re Panig uh neath ‘
abs nee’ A oat ggdtrahs yo fen et MSO: AAR a want 4
Se gtaior sh rds ahr Dl er re
CaN ; ha ea im ea firtj v9 hb) ra sghth tio Se ;
\d Br Rel Ord oltoars pit Ao Lajoren pt valine ie Byars sodas
rT Py iv
«| io M, manna hag nde eeaticae Writ ) se, T44 pores patchy vw 9 icin
r
*
=
Ey + m4 : : pte vey
ho bas: a
ie 4
ae
a ah
Y ” 2
i ly f
ee ee eae Lowe
Pr Lea TE oCAxX.
VENUS BOREALIS.
NORTHERN VENUS.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, the third
divergent from the beaks.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell lentiform, with very remote transverse, ‘erect, membranaceous’
striz.
Venus BorEAtLis: testa lentiformi: striis transversis membranaceis
erectis remotissimis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat.
LT. 1. p. 6. p. 3285. sp. 17.
eo UN Se SES a OS
This is a scarce, or very local shell on the British coasts, and seems
to agree with the description of the Linnzan Venus borealis. The
species was unknown to Da Costa, and is different from that which
Mr. Penant describes under the same name.
PLATE CXxXx.
We first discovered it on the coast of South Wales ; and since
that time have received it from Miss Pocock, by whom it was found
on the coasts of Cornwall in some plenty.
{oA
PLATE -CXXxL
ao
HELIX HORTENSIS.
GARDEN SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
* Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell imperforate, globose; spotted and fasciated with brown: lip
white.
Herix HorTENsIs: testa imperforata globosa: labroalbo. Afiill.
Sool. Dan.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T.1. p. 6.
p. 3649. sp. 109.
Cochlea vulgaris fusca, maculata & fasciata. VuLGARIs. Da Costa,
Brit. Conch. p. 12. sp. 39.
Helix Hortensis. Garden Snail. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 129.
tab. 84. fig, 129.
Hexix Lucorum. Linn.
ee
The Common Garden Snail is, we think, without doubt, the Helix
hucorum of Linnzus, and most other writers. Gmelin calls it hore
PEAT ECA.
tensis, and defines the specific character of lucorum to be “ testa
imperforata subrotuinda Izevi fasciata : apertura oblongo fusca.” It
more generally inhabits the southern parts of Europe; is larger, and
whiter than hortensis ; and the lip is brown.
*
This is a most variable species in its colours and markings, and it
may still be doubted whether hortensis and lucorum be perfectly
distinct. They have certainly been confounded by almost every
Conchologist,
On the manners of a creature which is so generally known, as
the Common Garden Snail, it is surely needless to enlarge : its mode
of courtship is, however, so curiously related, that it should not en-
tirely escape remark ; and were it not attested by writers of the first
authority, with the reader, we might be guilty of no small degree
of scepticism, as to believing it. Each of these animals, it seems,
.are furnished, at a certain season, with a number of little pointed
darts, which are contained within a cavity on the right side
of the neck, When the Snails approach within two or three
inches of each other, a scene of hostility is observed ta com-
mence: each discharging aé its antagonist these darts, with con-
siderable force, at the other; this battle continues till the reservoir
be exhausted of these offensive weapons, and then a perfect re-
conciliation takes place between them. ‘The eggs are about the size
of peas, and perfectly round.
Snaiis are used with success in some consumptive cases, and an
excellent cement, to fasten china, may be made of the saliva, or hu-
mours, mixed with quick lime and white of eggs, according to
PLAT Ee CXXME
Lister, &c. It feeds on all kinds of vegetables and fruits, and is cons
sequently very destructive in orchards and gardens. Snails couple
about May or June.»
VOL. Iv, FE
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PLATE CXXXII.
PHOLAS CANDIDA.
WHITE PIDDOCK.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal Ascidia. Shell bivalve, opening wide at each end, with
several lesser valves at the hinge. The hinges folded back and con-
nected by 2 cartilage.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, .
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell oblong, muricated with striz crossing each other.
Puortas CanpipA: testa oblonga undique striis decussatis muricata.
Mus. Lud. Ulr. 469. n. 1.—Gmel. Linn. Syst.
Nat. T.1..9. 6..p. 3215. sp. 4.
Pholas tenuis candidus ovatus decussatim striatus. Candidus. Da
Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 246. sp. 66,
Concha candida, dupliciter striata et veluti aculeata. Lust. H. An.
Angl. p. 193. tit. 39, tab. 5. fig. 39.—Pholas
alter. App. H. An. Angl. in Goed. p. 37.
tab. 2. fig. 4 and 6.—Pholas parvusasper. 1,
Conch, tab. 435. fig. 278.
Pholas latus; short Pierce-stone or Pholade. Petiv. Gaz. tab. 79.
fig. 11.
Pholas candidus. Penn. Brit. Sool. T.4. No. 11. tab. 390 fig. 11.
PLATE CXXXIL.
The Pholas candida is rather a scarce species, and differs from P.
Dactylus (hians of Dr. Solander) in not being above one fourth of its
size: of a more oval shape, and having both ends equally rounded ;
in other respects it resembles it. Da Costa seems to entertain some
doubt whether it may not be really a variety m growth, than a dis-
tinct species from Dactylus. It is found on the same coasts as the
latter.
133
OO EE EE eT
a,
PLATE .CXXXII.
SABELLA TUBIFORMIS,
STRAIGHT TUBE SABELLA, OR SAND SHELL,
GENERIC CHARACTER. b
Animal a Nereis, with a ringent mouth, and two thicker tentacula
behind the head, Shell tubular, and composed chiefly of sand, agglu-
tinated to a membranaceous tube,
SPECIFIC, CHARACTER.
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell solitary, simple, tube-shaped, straight ; gradually tapering ; and
composed of brownish sand.
SABELLA TUBIFORMIs: testa solitaria simplici tubiformi recta sen-
sim attenuata: granis arenaceis fuscis.
SABELLA GRANULATA. Jinn. 1268 ?—Martini, 4. t. 4. 28 ?
SABELLA TUBIFORMIS. TUBE SABELLA. Lenn. Brit. Zool. 4.
sp. 163.
STRAIGHT SABELLA. Pult. T/ist. Dorset.
The Sabella tubiformis of Pennant is believed by some concholo-
gists to be the same species as Linneus names granulata, but this
must certainly admit of doubt: the latter, from the description, ap-
VOL. IV. G
PLATE.CXAXRM,
pears to be slightly incurvated, whilst Pennant’s shell is perfectly
straight ; a difference, perhaps, sufficient to constitute two distinct
species. Martin figures a kind of Sabella, which he considers as
the S. granulata of Linnzus, and in that figure the curvature at the
nairowest end is very apparent: with Martini we consider that as
the true Sabella granulata of Linnzus, and not having observed the
same character in any of those shells that have occurred to notice on
our own coasts, have thought it most adviseable to retain the name
Mr. Pennant had previously given it.
Gmelin seems to be under some doubts respecting this shell, for
he entirely omits the Lmnzan granulata among the species of this
genus.—Sabella Belgica of Gmelin, which some have conjectured
to be the §. ¢wbiformus of Pennant, is undoubtedly different, ac-
cording to Alein and Martini.
Our shell is of an elegant form and remarkably delicate: it con-
sists of two coatings, the inner one of which is composed entirely
of grains of sand, and the outer one of sand intermixed with little
fragments of shells. ‘This kind is local: it is supposed to inhabit
deep waters only, and is sometimes found upon the shore after a
high sea.
H
are ee OF
Th eet.
ae
yt ef
134
a
PLATE CXXXIV.
CHAMA COR.
HEART-SHAPED CHAMA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, and rather coarse. Hinge with
a callous gibbosity, obliquely inserted into an oblique hollow : ante-
rior slope closed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell subrotund, and smooth: beaks recurved: anterior slope
gaping.
CHaMA Cor: testa subrotunda levi: natibus recurvatis rima hiante.
Mus. Lud. Ulr. 516. n. 88.—Gmiel. Syst. Nat.
LT. 1. p. 6. p. 3299. sp. 1.
As an inhabitant of the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and Caspian
sea, this curious shell has been long since known; but as a British
species has not been before described. It was discovered several years
ago in the seas about the islands in the North of Scotland, by Mr.
Agneu, Gardener to the late Duchess of Portland; and since that
G2
PLATE CXXXIV.
time, a specimen of it was dredged up, by T. Swainson, Esq. of the
Custom-house, London.
It is a delicate shell, and represented in the annexed plate of the
natural size. By some it is called the Bull’s-heart Cockle, but very
improperly, because it cannot be considered in any manner of the
Cardium genus.
cso"
PLATE .CXRXY.
ARCA’ LAC TE A,
MILKY-WHITE ARK.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve, valves equal. ‘Teeth of the hinge numerous, and inserted
between each other.
- SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND ,
SYNONYMS.
Shell somewhat rhombic, with obsolete, decussated striz, and
diaphanous.
ARCA LACTEA: testa subrhomboidea obsolete decussatim striata
diaphana. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. 1. p. 6.
p- 3309. sp. 15.
ARCA LACTEA: testa subrhomboidea obsolete decussatim striata
diaphana, natibus recurvis, margine crenulato.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1141. No. 173.
Pectunculus exiguus albus, admodum tenuiter striatas. ust. H,
Conch. tab. 235. fig. 69.
Mytulus Garnseiz albus, parvus tenuiter cancellatus. Petiv. Gaz.
tab. 73. fig. 1.
G3
PLATE CXXXV.
Arca. Parva alba cancellata. Lactea. Da Costa Brit. Conch.
p. V1. sp. 14.
Arca cRINITA. Soland. Mus. Portland.
Pultney. Nat. Hist. Dorsets.
There does certainly exist among conchologists a strange dis-
cordance of opinion, respecting the species of Arca before us: some
believing it to be the very shell which Linneus described under the
name of /actea, and others maintaining the contrary. Dr. Solander,
and Dr. Pultney, were persuaded that Linnzus intended a shell in
some particulars not unlike this, but specifically different: the same
shell in fact which Lister figures No. 67, in his Conchology. The
opinions of two such respectable naturalists deserve every considera-
tion, but however we may be disposed to abide by their authority in
some instances, we cannot, for the following reasons, assent to it in
the present.
Dr. Pulmey premises his description by naming this species Arca
crinita, a name which it appears Dr. Solander had previously given
to it, in his catalogue of the Portland Museum: he observes very
justly, that it is the 4. barbata of Pennant, but not the barbata of
Linneus: refers to Da Costa’s figure, Plate 11, fig. 5; and calls it
in English the Harry ARK-SHELL. His description is in these
words, “ A small oblong subrhomboidal shell: in its recent state
covered with a brown epidermis. Underneath the shell is minutely
striated in the longitudinal direction ; commonly not much larger
than a horse-bean. I found one on the North shore at Poole, more
than half an inch long, and seven-eiohts wide. It is said to be
more frequent on the shores of Guernsey island; but is very rare on
PLATE (CKXXV.
our coasts. This shell has commonly been described as the 4. lactea
of Linnzeus ; but that sheil is much larger, and is strongly striated
in a reticulated manner.”
In the first place, this does not so clearly agree with the Linnzan
description as might be expected. In the early editions of the Systema
Nature, Linnzus expressly describes his shell as being of a sub-
thombic form, with obsolete decussating striz, diaphanous, with re-
curved beaks, and crenulated margin; and the only alteration in the
specific character to the last edition of that work, by Gmedzn, is, that
the beaks and margins are not mentioned. It hence is evident that
Dr. Pultney is mistaken in the Linnzean dactea, when he says it is
strongly striated in a reticulated manner ; for Linnzus exactly de-
scribes it as having the reticulating striz ebsolete; and notwith-
standing that the longitudinal striz in the shell found on our coast
are rather prominent in some specimens, they far more frequently
appear altogether obsolete, and are decussated by fine transverse striz,
precisely as Linnzeus mentions. There is another circumstance
equally remarkable, Linnzeus exactly tells us his dactea is the size of
a horse-bean, and Dr. Pultney, after observing that his British shell
ermmuta ‘ are commonly not much larger than a horse-bean,” adds,
that the dactea of Linnzus is ‘* much larger.”
That there may have been some erroneous references among
authors to the two shells figured by Lister, No. 67 and 69, of which
we are not aware, is not impossible, but Geli refers to Lust.
Conch. 69. A. T. Guernsey, for the Linnzan dactea, and that
shell clearly corresponds both with our specimen, and the shell
described by Linnzus, pectunculus exiguus albus admodum tenuiter
striatis, List.—Petiver is equally satisfactory, Mytilus Garnseiz
G 4
PLATE CXXXV.
albus, parvus tenuiter cancellata. Da Costa is not so very clear, nor
is his figure expressive, because it represents the transverse ridges too
prominent. Chemnitz gives a larger specimen of it than any we
have seen; and notwithstanding his references to Da Costa and
others, may not be of the same species. The shell figured by
Lister, No. 67, which seems to have occasioned the confusion before
alluded to, it should be observed, is described by Gmelin, in these
words: testa subrhomboidea decussatim striata alba : natibus approxi-
matis, vulva cordata, Arca reticulata.
Hence it is presumed the shell found on our coast ought still
to be considered as the Arca lactea of Linnzus, and that the shell
which is strongly striated in a reticulated manner, and so much
larger ; and has been hitherto regarded by some as that species,
was never described, or even noticed by Linnzus. Nothing
can be more evident than that this is the opinion of his editor
Gmelin, both from his references to the figures of lactea, and by his
giving a new name and character to that very shell in Lister which
has been mistaken for it, and which he conceived Linnzeus had
‘omitted.
This kind is generally considered as an inhabitant of Dorsetshire,
Devonshire, and Cornwall.
ni vee
hee
136
PBA DE 1 XR SMV.
HELIX ARBUSTORUM.
SINGLE-STREAK SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell umbilicated, convex, aperture somewhat orbicular, lip reflected,
with a single dark spiral band.
Hexix ARBusTORUM: testa umbilicata convexa acuminata, aper-
tura suborbiculari bimarginata : antice elongata.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1245. No. 680.
Cochlea testa utrinque convexa subcinerea : fascia solitaria grisea,
labro reflexo. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1. p.370, No.
1295. I No. 2184.
Cochlea maculata, unica fascia pulla, angustioreque, per medium an-
fractus, insignita. ist. H. dn. Angl. p. 119.
tit. 4. dab. 2. fig. 4.
Cochlea subflava maculata atque unica fascia castanei coloris per me-
dium anfractus, insignita. Pil. Trans. No.
105. fig. 4.
PLATE CXXXVI.
Cochlea subumbilicata, maculata, unica fascia angusta, per medium
anfractus insignita. UNIFASCIATA, single streak,
Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 15. sp. 40.
Helis arbustorum. Shrub. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 130. tab. 85.
fig. 130.
Like the two species of Helices, nemoralis and hortensis, this shell
varies exceedingly in its colours and markings in different shells ; but
the single narrow spiral band very uniformly distinguishes it from any
other. According to Lister and Petiver, it is found in shady hedges,
and is frequent in rushy, moist, or marshy meadows. Da Costa
says, it is also found in coppices and shrubberies; but, from his own
observations, it is not a common kind: we have seen it in woods,
though not often.
It may deserve remark, that this shell is generally found empty.
Muller accounts for this, by acquainting us, that the animal is the
prey of young Newts. Sometimes when the animal is living, the
shell is of a light chesnut colour, finely marbled, mottled, or other-
wise variegated, with a deep chocolate coloured brown.
1
Pe
yo |
137
PLATE. CXRK VIL,
OSTREA JACOBAA.
PILGRIM OYSTER, OR SCALLOP.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, with the valves mostly unequal
and slightly eared, Hinge without teeth, but furnished with an ovate
hollow, and in general lateral transverse furrows,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shells with fourteen angular and longitudinally striated rays.
OsTREA JACOBZA: testz radiis quatuordecim angulatis longitudi-
naliter striatis. Lunn.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. p.
3316, sp. 2.
Pecten magnus inzquivalvis operculo fubrufo, fornix vero albus
costis angulatis et canaliculatis. Jacobeus. De
Costa Brit. Conch. p. 143. sp: 2.
P. Jacopzus Lesser. Penn. Brit. Sool. No. 62. tab. 60. fig. 62.
This large and handsome kind of Scallop is rare on the English
coasts: in the Mediterranean it is more frequent, and from that
PLATE CXXXVII. .
that circumstance, is supposed to be the same species as was formerly
worn by pilgrims, who visited the holy-land. Da Costa received it
from Scarborough in Yorkshire, and also from the coasts of Cornwall
and Dorsetshire. Dr. Pultney remarks, that it is rare on the Dorset-
shire coast, but has been fished up at Weymouth and at Poole.
The upper valve is of a reddish brown, flat, and rather depressed
at the beak : the depression is generally white, and mottled, or other-
wise marked with brown, or dusky red; and often with prettily dis-
posed marks, resembling the heads of arrows. The under valve is
usually white, or faintly tinged with brown, and has the rays re-
markably prominent and angular; a character by which it may be
easily distinguished from the Common Scallop, Ostrea maxima,
which greatly resembles it, but in which the rays are rounded.
PLATE CXXXVIIL
VOLUTA,TRIPLICATA.
THREE PLAITED VOLUTE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell spiral, narrow, without a beak: columella or
pillar, twisted or plaited.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Shell ovate, smooth and brown: spire rather pointed: whorls six:
pillar with three plaits.
VoLUTA TRIPLICATA: testa ovata levi brunnea, spira acutiuscula :
anfractibus sex, columella triplicata.
Turbo sex anfractibus apertura ovali bidentata. Walker. Test. min.
rar. fig. 50?
This curious little Volute has not we believe been either figured
or described by any Author, In its general appearance it approaches
pretty nearly to the shell figured by Walker, as above quoted; but
if the same, that writer has certainly described it with no very great
degree of accuracy ; for he speaks only of two plaits, or teeth in the
PLATE CXXXVIIL.
aperture, and calls it the double-toothed Turbo ; although from its
plaited pillar, it is evidently a Volute : and the third plait, which with
the two others, characterize the species, is obviously too large to have
been overlooked. Da Costa, we are persuaded, thought they were
both the same, for ina AVS. note attached to this shell in his collec-
tion, he says, ‘¢ This sheli is figured by Walker,” and certainly no
figure in the volume of that Author corresponds with it, except that
to which we refer above.
Walker speaks of his shell as being very common on the roots of
rushes, in marshes, near Faversham: The Aabitat of our shell we
have not been able to ascertain, having never found it in a living
state.
Wi iasee tek
ene
— &
me, >}
-
PLATE CXXXIX.
SABELLA ALVEOLATA.
HONEY-COMB SABELLA, OR SAND SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER»
Animal a Nereis, with a ringent mouth, and two thicket tentaculae
behind the head. Shell tubular, and composed chiefly of sand, agglu-
tinated to a membranaceous tube.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Composite, consisting of numerous parallel tubes, with somewhat
funnel-shaped aperture.
SABELLA ALVEOLATA: testa composita concamerationibus nume-
rosis: aperturis sub-infundibuliformibus.
SABELLA ALYEOLATA: testa composita concamerationibus nume-
rosis poro communicantibus. Gmrel. Linn. Syst.
Nat. T.1. p. 6. p. 3749. Sp. 3.
SABELLA ALVEOLATA, Honey-comsB. Penn. Brit. Zool. Vol. 4,
p. 147. sp. 162.— Ellis Coral. p. 90. ¢. 36.
PLATE CXXXIX.
We have constantly observed this kind of Sabella to be an inha-
bitant only of low rocky shores, that lie within reach of the tide at
high water ; and although it is composed entirely of broken shells and
sea sand; and those apparently very slightly agglutinated by the ani,
mals that form and inhabit it, in its native element it acquires a con-
siderable comparative degree of tenacity from the saline particles with
which it is impregnated, and is capable of resisting the reiterated
dashing of the waves without material injury.
In the more sheltered crevices of the rocks, where the animal has
ample scope to expand its sandy dwelling secure from mutilation, the
upper surface of a mass of these shells has a very elegant appearance ;
the whole being beautifully foliated with the single or bipartite funnnel-
shaped lip, which each animal forms at the opening of his cell. This
appearance is represented in the plate subjoined, and is a circumstance
the moredeserving attention, because ithas entirely escaped the notice of
Mr. Pennant, and perhaps of every other Naturalist, except Mr. Ellis ;
who in his History of Corals, figures it with a foliated surface, under
the title of Tubularia arenosa anglica, from a specimen brought from
Dieppe. The latter does not however agree precisely in figure with.
any that have occurred to our notice. Mr. Pennant evidently represents
a poor mutilated fragment, in which the openings of the cells are
shewn like so many rounded perforations, in a somewhat uneven sur-
face, and is just as it appears in masses on the sea-beach, that have
been trodden under-foot ; or pieces that have been much worn, and
thrown loase upon the shore,
These shells are three or four inches in length, and where they are
found are generally abundant, but they seem to be very local. Mr.
Pennant says it is found on the Western coasts of Anglesea, near Cric-
PLATE CXXXIX,
ceth in Caernarvonshire, and near Yarmouth. We have seen it on
other parts of the sea coast of North Wales, and in equal plenty
on those of South Ww ales likewise. On the coast of Dorsetshire,
according to Dr. Pultney, fragments are found very frequently, but
none very perfect. In the History of that County the following ac-
count is given of it.—‘* GREGARIOUS SABELLA. ‘This is composed
of a mass of fine sand, and particles of broken and finely comminuted
shells, aggregated by vermiform animals of the Nereis genus, each
lodged in its separate tube close to, but not interfering with each
other. All the tubes end in orifices on the upper or the same surface.
I but once saw a mass of this kind, about the size of a large apple, on
the beach, a mile east of Weymouth ; but I suspect it is not very un-
eommon, as fragments are very frequent.”
YOL. IV. H
ee: esse
, Sas vt ~~
t
Buns ee
er a . ai
My ae ets oh tae ba
ae he, |.
ee pe 4 Ge Aas nave i Fee 7 Oe Ame
‘i Se
a
cia Se ‘
“2 Pi \ on 7 4 =, = 4
“ 4 opal HM
Cae ne
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140
PLATE CXL.
MACTRA HIANS.
GAPING, OR OBLONG MACTRA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve: valves equal; sides unequal :
middle tooth of the hinge complicated, with a small hollow : lateral
teeth remote and inserted into each other.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell oblong, rather arcuated, coarse, gaping anteriorly, and the
hinge placed very far back.
MACcTRA HIANS: testa oblonga sub-arcuata rudi anticé hiante, car-
dine subterminali.
MactTrRa HIANS. Soland. Mus. Port.
Da Costa and some other Conchologists have very erroneously
been led to conclude, that this, and Mactra lutraria, are the same
species, although they differ in almost every particular. The pre-
sent shell is much wider in proportion to the length than JZ. lutraria ;
and of a more incurvated shape: it is also a thicker and coarser
shell; and has the hinge placed much further back than in the other
species. Dr. Solander, who described it in the catalogue of the
Portland Museum, gave it the specific name of hians, from its re-
H 2
PLAT i Cx.
markable gaping at the anterior end, and a name so applicable we
thought it best to retain.
The cicatrix of the animal, in this kind, is different from that of
M. lutraria, a circumstance that has not escaped the observation of
Dr. Pultney. This author tells us, the Mactra hians is thrown up
in considerable quantities on all the smooth beaches he has seen on
the coast of Dorsetshire, particularly on the North shore at Poole,
opposite Branksea isle ; and that he has also seen it on the beaches at
Studland, Swanage, and Weymouth. We have observed it, but
not in abundance, on other sea-coasts.
Ce te
i ne a
Fg |
PL AbEACKLL
7
MYTILUS RUGOSUS.
RUGGED MUSCLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
The hinge taothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell rhombic oval, rugged, obtuse at the ends and antiquated.
MyTILus RuGosus : testa rhomboideo-ovali rugosa obtusa antiquata.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1156- No. 249.
Pholas noster, sive concha intra lapidem quendam cretaceum degens.
last. H. An, dAngl. p. 1122. tit. 21. tab. 4.
fig. 21.
Mytilus parvus rhomboidea-ovalis, subalbescens, rugosus. AMugosus,
Rugged, Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 223. sp. 52.
The Mytilus rugosus is rather a rare species on our coasts. Lister
notes it from Hartlepool in Durham, and Da Costa says on the coast
of Yorkshire, about Scarborough, Whitby, &c. It is found in incre-
dible abundance, niched or burrowed, in the rocks of lime-stone, &c.
H 3
PLATE (CXL
In habit and manners of life this species greatly resembles the Pho-
lades, each forming for itself a separate apartment within the hard
clay, or solid stone: this it prérces when young, and afterwards con-
tinues to enlarge the cell as it increases in bulk, without widening the
aperture ; so that when full grown, the shell cannot easily be taken
whole out of the cell, without breaking the stone in which it is
contained.
This shell may perhaps be arranged with equal propriety with the
Mye as the Mytilz, notwithstanding that it is admitted among the
latter by most collectors.
“PLATE CXLIL
MYA GLYCYMERIS.
LARGE MYA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping in general at one extremity :
hinge with a thick patulous tooth ; seldom more. than one, and that
not inserted into the opposite valve.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell gaping at both ends: very thick, lamellous oblong-oval, with
transverse rugose striz: first tooth of the hinge very thick.
Mya GiycyMeris: testa utrinque hiante crassissima lamellata ob-
longo ovata transverse striato rugosa, cardinis
dente primario crassissimo. Gel. Syst. Nat.
p. 3222. sp. 17.
Mya GiycyMERISs: testa sub-ovata oblonga, ponderosa, ventricosa,
utrinque hians, antice et postice quasi oblique
truncata, dente cardinali crassissimo. Chem.
LG. Di Bs
Telline beante, Favart D’Herbigny. Dict. T. 3. p. 358.
List. n. Conth. 6d, fs 255 0Tn. b.1. f.'8.
H 4
PLATE ‘CXLIL
A species of Mya admitted with some doubt as a British shell: it
is a kind acknowledged however as such, by collectors of English
Natural History in general; and is said to have been undoubtedly
fished up in the deep waters between the Dogger-Bank and the
eastern coast of England.
‘The Mya Glycymeris is the largest of ‘its genus, and is an inha-
bitant of most parts of the European sea. In the Mediterranean,
and on the northern coasts of Spain, it is not uncommon: on the
coast of France it is also found sometimes.
it3
ka P- LAUT E ..CXLIWY,
PULA YP AT U'L"A:
PATULOUS BULLA.
° GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell rather convoluted at one end, suboval: aper-
ture oblong.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell ovate, smooth, and somewhat beaked at both ends; that at the
base produced and sub-umbilicated : lip entire.
BULLA PATULA: testa ovata levi sub-birostri : basi productiori sub-
umbilicata, labro integro.
BuLLA PATULA. Open. B. with one one end much produced and
fuciform. The aperture very patulous. Penn.
Brit. Zool. V. 4. p. 117. sp. 85.
Pennant seems to be the only author who has noticed this species.
Da Costa imagined, from the description given by that author,
that it was of the same kind as that which he inserted in his British
PLATE. .CXENL
Conchology, under the name of Bulla, the Bubble (Aperta, Linn.)
and refers to the figure in the work of Pennant accordingly ; but
in this instance he was much mistaken, for the two shells are per-
fectly distinct ; and it appears certain, that the shell described by Da
Costa was as much unknown to Pennant, as that of Pennant was to
Da Costa. The shell of the latter is figured in Plate 120 of this
work, and the true Bulla patula of the other is figured in the Plate
annexed.
' This we apprehend to be one of the rarest of the British shells
hitherto discovered ; Pennant notes it from Weymouth, and refers
for his specimen to the Portland Cabinet: our shell is from Wey-
mouth likewise.
144
PLATE CXLIY.
NERITA NITIDA.
GLOSSY NERIT.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous, and rather flat
beneath : aperture semi-orbicular, or semi-lunar: pillar lip transverse
truncated and flattish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell smooth, white, and glossy: spire rather. pointed: umbilicus
half closed.
Neritra NITIpA testa levi nivea nitida: spira sub-mucronata um-
bilico semi-clauso.
Among the reserved shells intended by Da Costa fora second edi-
tion of his Conchology, we find two specimens of this species: of
Nerita, with a AZS. memorandum, importing that he had received
one of them from Mr. Church, and that the other was in his posses-
sion before. On this vague authority, we did not think it incumbent
to insert the shell in the present Work, especially since its habitat was
PLATE CXIIV.
not mentioned ; but the same kind was discovered, in the course of
last summer, upon the coast of Scotland, near Caithness, by A.
Macleay, Esq. and we can no longer hesitate to insert it as an un-
doubted British species.
In the annexed plate it is represented of the natural size. It is a
remarkable little shell, and is not to the best of our knowledge, men-
tioned in the work of any author.
IN DEX
VOLT.
LINNEAN ARRANGEMENT.
* MULTIVALVIA;
PHOLAS dactylus, (Da Costa) 2 i
—— candida
striata
Mya ovata -
glycymeris
Solen marginatus
antiquatus
Tellina inzquistriata
Cardium edule
rusticum ?
Mactra glauca -
———— hians
— subtruncata
Venus cancellata
—— undata
-—— borealis -
Chama cor
Arca lactea =
Ostrea Jacobea = =
lineata
=
BIVALVIA. CONCHE.
—— 2
122
142
110
114
123
124
124
125
140
126
115
125
130
134
135
137
116
; Plate. Fig.
Mytilus edulis - = - = a 128 1
ungulatus - - . - 128 2
——— anatinus - rs = - - 113
ween TUZOSUS == + - - - 141
UNIVALVIA,
Bulla aperta - = - - - 120 z
=—-— cylindrica == - - * - 120 2
patula - - - - « 143
Volutatriplicata = - - - - 138
Murex carinatus - - - - - 109
antiguus - . - - * 119
Trochus papillosus = - 1 = Cs 127
terrestris - - - - - rir
Turbo duplicatus - - - - - 112
Helix hortensis (Aspersa Gmel ?) - - - 131
~——- arbustorum - - - - - 136
Nerita nitida - = *- a ~ 144
Patella albida - - = = e 129
Sabella alveolata - ° - 4 - 139
mewnene tubiformis < - : - - 139
INDEX TO VOL. IV.
ACCORDING TO
HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM
BRITANNIZ or DA COSTA.
isl he Cees
UNIVALVA NON TURBINATA.
GENUS Il. PATELLA. LIMPET, FLITHER, OR PAP SHELL.
Plate.
Patria albida - - - - 129
PART I.
UNIVALVIA INVOLUTA.
GENUS 5. BULLA. DIPPER.
Bulla aperta (Bulla Da Costa) = - - 120
e—— cylindrica (Penn.) - - - - 129
w=—- patula (Penn.) “ * - ay 143
Fig.
LOR Do Bos:
PART It:
UNIVALVIA TURBINATA.
GENUS 7. TROCHUS. THE TOP.
TERRESTRES. LAND.
Plate.
Trochus terrestris - * “ ~ 111
* MARINZE. SEA.
Trochus papillosus - - = - 127
GENUS 10. COCHLEA SNAILS.
1
* TERRESTRES. LAND.
Cochlea vulgaris - - - - ° 132
unfaciata ° - : - 136
GENUS 12. STROMBIFORMIS. NEEDLE SNAIL.
* MARINZAE, SEA.
Strombiformis bicarinatus = a = = 112
ORDER 2.
BIVALVES.
GENUS 1. PECTEN ESCALLOP.
Pecten Jacobeus -» - - - - 137
lineatus se
iB
a
i]
4
»
“
ba)
Figs
EON De EX:
GENUS 5. ARCA, ARKS, OR BOATS.
* MARINZE, SEA.
Arca lactea (Da Costa) - - - ~ 135
GENUS.6. CARDIUM. HEART COCKLE.
* MARINE. SEA.
Cardium vulgare - - = = - 124.
rusticum ? ~ =. - - 124
GENUS Il. MYTILUS MUSCLE.
* FLUVIATILES, RIVER.
Mytilus Anatinus - - -
- 113
* MARINZE SEA.
Mytilus vulgaris - - - - 2 128
———~ ungulatus - - - * - 128
—— rugosus - - - - - 141
PART .itt,
GENUS 13. CHAMA GAPERS.
* MARINZE. SEA.
Chama magna (hians. Solander) - - - 140
VOL. IV. I
Fi Se
Ie Na* Dy By 2
GENUS 14. SOLEN. SHEATH OR RAZOR SHELL.
Plate. Fig.
Solen marginatus - - - - . 110
—— Chama-Solen - - - . 114
SL A TS EOE
PAR LIV:
MULTIVALVES.
GENUS 16. PHOLAS PIDDOCKSs.
Pholas dactylus = - - - « « 118
a——= candida = - - « ° 132
- - - 117
oneness Striata ° =
ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. IV.
,
Plate. Fig.
ALBIDA Patella - : ‘ , - (129
alveolata, Sabella - - - ah = 139
anatinus, Mytilus - - - =; - 113
antiquatus, Solen - - = - = 114
antiquus, Murex - - - - > 119
aperta, Bulla - - = » - 120 I
arbustorum, Helix - 4 = - - 136
borealis, Venus - = . - - 130
cancellata, Venus = - - - - 115
candida, Pholas - - - - - 132
carinatus, Murex = - - - - 109
cor, Chama = - - - - 134
cylindrica, Bulla = _? - - > I20 2
dactylus, Pholas - - - - - 118
duplicatus, Turbo - - - - - 112
edule, Cardium - - - a - 324 1
edulis, Mytilus - - - - - 128 1
glauca, Mactra = - . - - 125
glycymeris, Mya - - - = - 142
hians, Mactra - - - > - 140
hortensis, Helix = - - - - - 131
inequistriata, Tellina . - - - 123
Jacobza, Ostrea - - . . - 137
lactea, Arca - ° - - - 135
lineata, Ostrea - - - - ~ 116
marginatus, Solen - - - ” - 110
nitida, Nerita - - - - - 144
ovata, Mya - = - - - 122
papillosus, Trochus “ ° - - 127
patula, Bulla - = Fi a « 343
Plate. Fig.
rugosus, Mytilus - - - - - 141
rusticum, Cardium - - - - 124 2
striata, Pholas - - - - - 117
subtruncata, Mactra - - - = 126
terrestris, Trochus - - - - IIK
triplicata, Voluta - - - - 138
tubiformis, Sabella - - - - 133
undata, Venus - ~ - - - 121
ungulatus, Mytilus - - - i aes
END OF VOL. IV.
Printed by Bye and Law, St. John’s Square, Clerkenwell.
THE
NATURAL HISTORY
OF
BRITISH SHELLS,
INCLUDING
FIGURES anp DESCRIPTIONS
OF ALL THE
SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN,
SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED
IN THE LINNEAN MANNER,
WITH
SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH,
I
Y OL... f-
= 8 0F BDF DI e
By E. DONOVAN, F.L.S.
AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF
BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &c. &c.
——=> 604 @ HE | 4900 ———
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
AND FOR
F. AND C. RIVINGTON, N° 62, ST. PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD ;
RY BYE AND LAW; ST. JOHN’S SQUARE, GLERKENWELL.
sO ED) ae~—-
1803, |
* ‘ # ro
met BES ke
Ret:
ANY A
a eg wy de tn Faint tye ghar
145
THE
NATURAL HISTORY
BRITISH SHELLS.
——=== <P
PLATE CXLYV.
TEREDO NAVALIS.
SHIP WORM.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Terebella, with two calcareous hemispherical valyes cut
off before, and two lanceolate ones. Shell roundish, flexuous, and
capable of penetrating into wood.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell very thin, cylindrical and smooth.
TEREDO NAVALIs: testa tenuissima cylindrica levi. Gel, p. 3747.
334. sp. 1.
TEREDO, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12. 2. p. 1267. n. 1.
AZ
PLA LE. G&ALY,
Dentalium testa membranacea cylindracea, ligno inserta. Linn. Fn.
Suec. 1. p. 380. No. 1329.
Serpula testa cylindracea flexuosa, lignum perforans. Teredo. Da*
Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 21. sp. 11.
Sellius Hist. Nat. Tered. Baster, Phil. trans.61.
TEREDO NAVALIs. SHip-worM. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. No, 160.
This destructive creature is supposed to have been originally a
native of the East-Indies, and from thence introduced into the Eu-
ropean seas: at present it may be considered with propriety as a
naturalized British species ; and it is a fortunate circumstance that it
does not thrive so well with us as in warmer climates.
The animal, a soft and almost shapeless gelatinous body, is fur-
nished with a calcareous process, .or augur, at the head, with which
it bores with the utmost facility into the stoutest oaken plank, as it
lies in the water; and where a number of them attack the same piece
of wood, will.in a few days entirely destroy it: hence the ravages
of these animals in the bottoms of shipsare fraught with the greatest
danger; and notwithstanding all the precaution of sheathing the
bottoms of ships with copper, they insinuate themselves through the
smallest cavities, and lodge themselves securely in the timbers.
Where the work of the animal first commences, the shell is obtusely
rounded and closed, and as it proceeds it continues to lengthen its
shell till, as Gmelin says, it becomes from four to six inches in
length ;—we have seen one of them whose progress through the solid
plank had not been interrupted, that had grown nearly to the length
of eighteen inches. It is said that sheets of paper dipped in tar, and
applied to the ship’s bottom, will prove a more effectual preservative
PLAT £OXLV.
of the timber than the usual sheathing of copper, and an extensive
manufactory has been of late established for the preparation of this
article: how far it may prove ultimately successful we cannot pre-
sume to imagine, but perhaps both the paper and the copper might be
employed together with greater advantage than either of those articles
separately.
For a more complete history of the Teredo than we might have
otherwise possessed, we are indebted to a remarkable circumstance
that occtirred about sixty years since: the piles on the coast of Hol-
land were found to be injured to a very alarming degree, by the
ravages of this creature; and beside several other ingenious tracts
upon their history and the calamity they had occasioned, Seldius
published an account of it, under the title of Historia Naturalis
Teredines, seu, Xylophagi Marini, in 1733; in this book the
anatomy of the animal is illustrated with Plates, and upon the whole
his observations deserve the attention of the curious reader. Another
account was also written by Paster, and published in the Trans-
actions of the Royal Society of London, in vol. 61, as quoted above.
In our specimens, the apertures, or mouths of the shells, are very
perfect, and exhibit the same appearance as Kemmer and Gmelin
seem to think peculiar to the species Utriculus ; namely, an oval
aperture divided by a partition in the middle. ‘The shell is extremely
delicate, or thin, and very brittle.
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146
PLATE CXLVI,
PATELLA INTORTA.
INCLINING PATELLA, OR LIMPET.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve subconic and without spire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell entire, ovate, furrowed: ribs slightly imbricated, vertex some-
what reflexed and obtuse.
PATELLA INTORTA:: testa integris ovata, sulcata: costis sub-imbri-
catis, vertice sub-reflexo obtuso.
PATELLA INTORTA, %nclining : with an elevated shell, slightly
striated ; the vertex bending, but not hooked.
Penn. Brit. Zool.
a ng
This shell is described by Pennant, who acquaints us it ‘* inhabits
Anglesea, found on the shores.”’ It is a very rare shell, but has been
taken also on the western coast, and communicated by J. Laskey,
Esq. of Crediton, Devonshire.
The figure of Patella intorta, in the British Zoology, is certainly
very indifferent: but having examined the shell Mr. Pennant de-
A 4
PLATE CXLVIL
scribes, we have no hesitation in saying that it is not the Patella
mammillaris of Gmelin, as some conchologists imagine. Specimens
of the latter we are likewise in possession of, but they are not cer-
tainly known to be natives of this country.—In Lo/ier Conch.
t. 537. fig. 17; and in Martine. Conch..\. t. 1. f..58, 59. P. mam-
millaris is very accurately figured; and aslight comparison of either
of them, with the shell figured in the annexed plate, will prove
very clearly that they cannot be of the same species,
HEC |
; eh Ae :
it Bre hi ah 4s dissed ‘gue vr ny
Hea wy. 1 aes ?
a os ~ea ia
Babies ‘se Th
&
PLATE CXLVITI.
rareELLEA LACUS TRIS.
LAKE LIMPET.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, subconic, without spire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell very entire, oval, membranaceous: crown pointed and reflected.
PATELLA LACUSTRIS: testa integerrima ovali membranacea: vertice
mucronato reflexo. Fn. suec. 2200.—Gmiel.
syst. Wat. 7. 1. p. 6.
Patella fluviatilis, fusca, vertice mucronato, ineurvo, inflexoque.
Gualt. Ind. Conch. tab. 4. fig. B.
Patella fluviatilis, exigua, fubflava, vertice mucronato, inflexoque.
List. Hist. Conch. tab. 141. fig. 39.
Morton Northamp. p. 417.
PATELLA LAcusTRIs, Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. No. 149.
PATELLA integra, exigua, fusca, fragilis, vertice inflexo. Da
Costa. Brit. Conch. 1. tab. 2. fig. 8. 8.
This is a thin and brittle shell, of a pale brown, or whitish
colour, that is found on aquatic plants, in most ponds and rivers in
PLATE CXLVIL
Europe : in England it is very common in some places. The animal,
as Gmelin describes it, has two truncated and concealed tentacula,
each of which is furnished with an eye at the inner angle.
Dr. Lister informs us, that they couple in September, and fix their
spawn plentifully on stones and other bodies in the water : this spawn
consists of little gelatinous globules, in each of which it is said many
small shells may be distinguished.—The shell is shewn of the natural
size in the annexed plate.
=
es
ee
ee
mieeit
re \ : ey
Wi
MVE ey iy |
pi tos aS
a erey
Peete |.
WA id,
; ;
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148
PLATE. CXLVEL
LEPAS TINTINNABULUM.
BELL ACORN SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Triton. Shell of many valves, afixed by a stem or
broad base.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell conic, obtuse, rugged and fixed.
‘Lepas TINTINNABULUM : testa, conica, obtusa, rugosa fixa. Mus.
Lud. Ulr. 466. n. 3.
Balanus major angustus purpurascens, capitis apertura valde patente.
List. H. Conch. tab. 433. fig. 285.
Balanus major. The conic centre shell. Grew. Mus. p. 148.
Balanus maximus ore patulo. Jus. Petiv. p. 82. No. 803.
B. tintinnabuliformis et B. calyciformis orientalis. PAzl. Trans,
1758. p. 11. tab. 34. fig. 8, 9.
B. ore hiante magnus. Borlase. Corn. p. 27.
Gland de Mer clochette, D’ Avila Cab. p. 404. No. 922.
Baranus TINTINNABULUM BELL. B. major purpurascens, co-
nicus, angustus tintinnabuliformis, apertura valde
patente. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 250. sp. 70.
BALANUS TINTINNABULUM BELL. Penn, Brit. Sool. T. 4. No. 8.
PLATE CXLVIII.
This kind of Balanus is found affixed in large clusters to the bot-
toms of ships in our seas, but the general opinion is that it originates
in warmer climates, and should not be considered an indigenous
British species. A supposed variety of it of a dirty whitish colour,
is said to be found in the North seas, by Chemnitz.
Balanus Tintinnabulum is admitted among the testaceous produc-
tions of our seas by Borlase, Pennant and Da Costa, and this we must
confess is the best apology we have to offer for inserting it in the
present Work.
149
Pic T . CxXEIX,
VENUS LACTE A,
MILKY VENUS SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other,
the third divergent from the beaks.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell lentiform, somewhat compressed, with thick, elevated, obtuse
concentric striz, and slightly truncated anteriorly.
VENUS LACTEA: testa lentiformi sub-compressa : striis concentricis
crassis elevatis obtusis, antrorsum subtruncata.
This appears to be a new and undescribed British species of Venus,
approaching, in some particulars, to others of the same genus found
on our coast, although differing in having the concentric striz or
ridges large, elevated, and obtusely rounded. ‘The striz, for ex-
ample, in V. borealis, and V. cancellata rise in a thin membranaceous
ridge to an acute edge; and the former of these seems at first sight
to bear a strong analogy to our shell: Venus lactea is also a
much thicker and heavier shell than any other resembling it, with
which we are acquainted. V. Exoleta has thick, but minute striz.
Our present species, we are informed, is. found on the western
cgast.
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PLATE: 0h.
PATELLA OBLONGA.
OBLONG FRESH WATER PATELLA, OR LIMPET.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax, Shell univalve, sub-conic, and without spire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell very entire, oblong, compressed, membranaceous: vertex
pointed and reflected obliquely, or to one side.
PATELLA OBLONGA: testa ingerrima oblonga compressa membra-
nacea, vertice mucronato reflexo oblique. Light-
foot. Phil, Trans. V. 16. p. 167.
rr ee
This species was first described in the transactions of the Royal
Society of London, by the Rey. Mr. Lightfoot, chaplain to the late
Duchess of Portland. He says it was found adhering to the leaves
of the Jris Pseudacorus, in waters near Beaconsfield in Buckingham-
shire, by Mr. Agneu, the Duchess of Portland’s Gardener. It has
. been since found on plants in the river Stour, by the Rey. Thomas
Rackett.
PLATE Cl
It is evidently distinct from the Patella lacustris of Linnzus, in
being of an oblong instead of ovate form ; and in having the pointed
vertex bending obliquely or to one side, instead of being centrical and
reflected back. The colour is variable, in some it is greenish, and in
others of a pale brown. It is represented on our plate both of the
natural size and magnified.
i$
‘2
Sm tat
15!
PL eT EB CL.
FIG. I.
HELIX HISPIDA.
BRISTLY SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, diaphanous, fragile. Aper-
ture contracted semilunar, or roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell umbilicated, convex, hairy, diaphanous ; whorls five: aperture
roundish-lunated.
HELIX HISPIDA: testa umbilicata convexa hispida diaphana: an-
fractibus quinis, apertura subrotundo-lunata. Linn.
F'n. Suec. 2182.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 3625.
Helix sub-globosa umbilicata, cornea, diaphana, hispida. Huspzda,
Helix. Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 58.
This shell is not unfrequently found at the bottoms of trees among
the moss, in woods and wet shady places. It is glossy, very thin,
TOL, Vis i
PLATS, Cu.
prittle, and of a brown horny colour. When the animal is alive in
the shell it is of a dark red colour approaching to black, and is very
elegantly set all over with minute, short, white bristles, or hairs,
which easily rub or fall off when the animal dies.
In the plate the upper and underside are represented, together with
a magnified figure, which is distinguished by a star, and is intended to
shew the hispid appearance of the shell while the animal is alive.
FIG. II.
HELIX ERICETORUM.
HEATH SNAIL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell umbilicated, depressed and yellowish, with one or more
fuscous bands.
Hetix ERICETORUM: testa umbilicata depressa lutescente: fascia
una vel pluribus fuscis. Aull. Hist. Verm. 2.
p. 33. n. 236.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3632.
Cochlea cinerea albidave, faciata, ericetorum. Lust. H. An. Angl.
p. 126. tit. 13. tub. 2. f. 13.—Cochlea com-
pressa, umbilicata fasciata campestris. List. f.
Conch. tab. 18. fig. 78.
PLATE CEI,
HeELIx ALBELLA, Penn. Brit. Zool. Vol, 4. tab, 85. fig. 122.
HELIx cincrea albidave, fasciata, ericetorum Erica. Da Costa, Brit.
_ Conch. p. 53. Sp. 30.
This species of Helix, as its name implies, is found on heaths and
sandy soils, and is very common both in this country and other parts
of Europe. When full grown, this shell is three quarters of an inch
in breadth, and one-third of its breadth in height: the spires flat: the
outermost wreath very convex beneath, with a large and deep central
umbilicus ; and circular mouth or aperture.
The young shells are quite plain, and of a horny colour, or whitish
and semitransparent. When full grown they are opake, dull, white
or yellowish, and usually fasciated with one or more brown circular
bands, according to the involutions of the wreaths. The order, size,
and number of these brown bands, as Da Costa says, vary extremely,
though commonly there is one band in the middle or near the bottom
of each wreath, and often other fainter and narrower bands accom-
pany it. Gmelin speaks of five distinct varieties, which differ in size,
in colour, and number of the bands. Sometimes they are quite white,
er marked with a single spiral band; and sometimes these bands
amount to eight or nine on each shell.
Dead shells of this kind are found in vast numbers intermixed with
the sand on heaths, and are always observed in great plenty with the
others,
Pe Hiding ion ih or6i ry aoe vy aad mgs her | r
bri i ay aah niche morte "
| Bai ened ak lus eeta ae “sgeaa to ae
ach tell eathie 9s't. a te Po bt-00 a a o
: ina ea otal sub. «beer wevitin rey ling cw aden ‘
ps . , Bo gi mag hota ryt
7
ee
’
;
Sivas e vatveut «to Bae sini stiup ote alld, gawoy: oat a %
a \ abhalve Jind asewp ce edbrebig bE Aga javcagraa nian é |
stale morand, iii to. wed bey batstsaet qinaeis Nena htsoltay ; ;
oa ‘panini eooRw Ds Tada tudbergi cit bn snibnoane « .
Mathes eA yh teen: age i wh wi veatad sword exerts 20 mine bi
“ied sith wc Ab beth vs at bis Su a grads ‘¢lciattinyo9 one
: sie rah abe bd app cifwen, Cee ‘ypu “oslin neato [ine ill dean tet
RR a wtb, cos ivubvty What seep Yt hone nilstred OF aay Py
iat te aan oii. Se tomitidtne ¢ joel “arte i ete aps or
| Abe oon) SO oRRQe ban? Faget eu algnie. ss. Miser Yodrenr hg ie
Dai nay ak Site Heine Or 9 SNRs SHOR. Rl
reves ee MAREN Ni oi ec he Ah Rees
yaa é |
| site EMA JOH ‘ ie yoni ae fi tere elie uN ;
are pena ts, of Hp ae ee rhc oe a re ae if
Pi GR i
D5.
2
—~
anil Pe PibyAcT: ECL il,
PINNA LAVIS.
SMOOTH PINNA, OR HAM SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal Limax. Shell sub-bivalve, fragile, erect, gaping at one
end, and furnished with a byssus or beard: hinge toothless, and
uniting the valves into one.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell nearly triangular, horn-colour, smooth: valves rugose on the
posterior part.
PINNA L&vIs: testa sub-triangulari cornea lzvi: valvis posterius
rugosis.
This species of Pinna which differs from any that has been before
described as a British shell ; and if we are not mistaken, from either
of the Linnzan or Gmelinian species of the genus also ; was received
by A. M‘Leay, Esq. among other curious shells that were dredged
up on the coast of Shetland.
The difference between this and the other analogous kinds, seems
to consist in its being of a more triangular form, and in not having
-VOL. V: Cc
PLATE CHL
the least trace of spines or murication: from the beak descend some
very obsolete longitudinal strize, but the surface is in general perfectly
smooth and glossy, notwithstanding the specimen before us has at
first sight a rugged aspect; the shell having been greatly bruised or
mutilated in its growth, and afterwards uncouthly repaired by the ani-
mal inhabitant.
‘PLATE Cit.
SOLEN PELLUCIDUS.
PELLUCID RAZOR SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong, open at both ends ; at the hinge
a subulated tooth turned back, often double; not inserted in the op-
posite shell. Animal an ascidia.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell suboval, somewhat arcuated, fragile, pellucid: hinge with an
acute bidentated tooth on one side.
SoLEN PELLuciIDUus: testa subovali subarcuata fragile pellucida car-
dine altero acute bidentato.
SoLEN PELLucipus, Penn. Brit. Zool. T. 4. p. 1. p. 84. sp. 23.
Ee BE EE EE ES OPE ES CAE RE TE,
aE
A very rare species, and described only by Mr. Pennant, who
says it inhabits Red Wharf, Anglesea.
ay ne ear at aa es ns he ao re ae
aia, at tal
; * “Nag ‘si? ‘ hy ne & c os . na FA,
ag oe A Dat See ; beats Te a ee
V ; A , ayeatcath eee, in.
Porn. a A: Hh e an 12. mi TA a ae Tha Ae V :
; E al i fet" 7 < ‘
% oh } pitas = Rare gy } a ? ae aN ey F, }
Bie A oe ‘aparguatas MIAGC) Roary?
; m i : ' iis al
* = yy a Pa, v ; ee ¥ ‘ it ; a i ye i i" \
‘ sf ; ~~ v A ; om ; ir ig
a PIT eR Ar Adee Porte “ara Syne ee"
{ ny \ \ t ' ie ~ aa 7 ‘
Pit tt ey be ip HANIA Shas disaexo eh ae a
a
Maidan ebfsa tied Senses, He sald Pr) ‘fi teks sive er
' tet 2
ey | silt el Lean tore iF seer vidioh vat oud boars ihewt:
f i es .
Pe hoe SS en ON cama hina Fare Halt stg
Rae J im vi , * of ak Paar " Wane hy
ae eam sah leer ste sweie: Maske ‘enigen
7 <i & r Dy 4 7 4 é ry - 5 ‘ ’ ae ba",
a) | y onA } yi ‘ *. aid a
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ay ae : . : iy = q ty, ve x, r ele i F
ed et by 1k ~ a. ms : A, heii rae ‘ i BS,
APT) ae ny ie My a
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7k’ ena ah a i oe r
bar bss PRES aye
eave dink soy went eae tr Bate
rf} JY LU
i Y Dry) : } mn 3 hs J Obitelsbid: atueid opnita aac ‘ ‘
Pa ee
| oe vines ata. wb vi
bevbe o ais ort ah’ et ET Ba} y ¢
ioe oe me Sys a , wr io, oe bch nk neh arpa = aaah 7 fe .
7 ; r Oe ae Ae i b i F ray Lisi ve ie One Ka pong ;
+ ry : : 4
&
¥ on Bat ; nr s ©
1 b, t 1 a, ' Sha }
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a EM A e
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154
Bis Th. CLIV,
\
BUCCINUM GLACIALE.
A
NORTHERN WHELK.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous. Aperture ovate,
ending in a short canal or gutter, inclining to the right: tail or beak
retuse: inner lip expanded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell smooth, somewhat striated, ovate-oblong ; lower whorl slightly
carinated.
BuccINUM GLACIALE: testa levi substriata ovato-oblonga: an-
fractu infimo subcarinato. Linn. Faun. Suec.
2162.——-Gmel. Syst. Nat. 4. 3491. sp. 92.
Chemn. Conch. 10 #. 152. 1446, 1447.
TRIToNIUM GLACIALE, O. Fabr. Faun. Grenl. No. 397.
As a native of the North Seas, this shell was well known to Lin-
nzus, by whom it was most accurately and minutely described in his
VOL. Y. . D
PLATE -CLIy.
Fauna Suecica *, but we have no other authority for believing it to
be an inhabitant of our own seas, than that of Mr. Agneu, gardener to
the late dutchess of Portland, by whom it was discovered among the
Orkney Islands, and, in consequence, admitted into the collection of
British shells in the Portland Museum.
One of the most striking characters of this shell, is a single cari-
nated ridge that surrounds the first or largest wreath of the shell, and
does not afterwards appear on either of the rest. This it may be
proper to notice, since the circumstance has been strictly mentioned
both by Linnzus, Fabricius, (aun. Groen.) and Chemitz, but it is
not certainly a constant criterion of the species: there was a variety
of this kind in the collection of the late Dr. Fordyce, at present in
that of the Earl of Tankerville, in which the carinated ridge distinctly
traverses the whole shell in a spiral course, from the first wreath
nearly to the apex.—The latter was from Newfoundland.
* Buccinum glaciale; testa crassa magnitudine extimi articuli pollices, pallida, se-
cundum anfractus obsolete striata, acuminata superne conica. Anfractus infimus seu
maximus subcarinatus est, sed hec carina in reliquis superioribus anfractibus evanescity
cum sutura anfractuum evadat, qua attenuata. Basis gibba emarginata. Apertura ovata.
Labium exterius crassum patulum, striis incumbentibus. Linn. Fn. Suec.
us ity re of Pi i
on
1 qa ykoe ie
ts y ’
155°
3
PL Ar, CLV.
BiG, FE
TROCHUS CONICUS.
CONIC TROCHUS, OR TOP SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal a Slug. Shell conic: aperture nearly triangular.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell conic, smooth, whitish, obliquely lineated with brown,
whorls flattish, and finely striated.
TRocHUs CONICcUs : testa conica levi, albida oblique fusco lineata :
anfractibus planiusculis subtiliter striatis.
A small shell bearing some affinity with Trochus Conulus, from
which it is notwithstanding perfectly distinct ; as a British shell we
believe it is altogether new ; nor does it seem to be described by any
foreign author. Four of these shells were picked up on the sea coast
of Devonshire by J. Laskey, Esq. from whom we received the
specimens represented in our Plate. It has been since communicated
also from the Mediterranean sea.
D2
PLATE CLV.
PMG... 1. At.
TROCHUS CINEREUS.
ASHEN TOP SHELL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell pyramidal, umbilical, cinereous ; marked with narrow blackish
lines. .
TrocHus CINEREUS: pyramidalis umbilicatus, cinereus, lineis
angustis nigrescentibus notatus. Da Costa. Brit,
Conch. p. 42. sp. 23. tab. 3. fig. 9. 10.
Trochus pyram, parvus, ex viridi sive subczruleo variegatus, in-
signiter umbilicatus. Last. H. Conch. tab. 633.
fig. 21.
This shell is described and figured by Da Costa from the specimen
at present in our possession; the only inducement we have for in-’
serting it,. for though this writer observes that it is a common shell
on several of our coasts, we must acknowledge it has never occurred
to us as a British shell. Exotic specimens we have, but these are
said to have been brought from the South Seas. Da Costa, we have
a strong suspicion was mistaken concerning this shell; his reference
to Lister is correct ; the rest of his synonyms, namely, those of Dale,
Wallis, &c. are erroneous, since those writers meant a very different
shell. The following is the minute description Da Costa gives of
this kind:
«© The shell is thick and strong, of the size of a cherry; shape
obtusely pyramidal, or not quite tapering to a point.
PLATE -CLV.
‘* The base is very concave, with some circular furrows; the
miouth roundish and capacious, within fine mother-of-pearl; the
outer lip smooth and even ; the inner or pillar lip has two jags er
slight teeth, and two furrows crossing it transversely ; from hence
it widens, runs oblique, and forms a spacious cavity, at the bottom
of which lies the wmbilicus, deep, cylindric, and so hollow as to
admit the head of a large pin. All this part is of a dark ash, greatly
variegated with blackish lines, or streaks, which run lengthways and
across ; but the beginning of the umbilicus is generally pearly, and
of a fine light greenish colour.
‘* The body and turban have five bellied, or swelled wreaths,, or
whorls, separated by a very depressed line; they are circularly striat-
ed, but faintly, and the colours are exactly the same as at the base.”
A. 3
pa , rs
a a gi
nly
| a
pe:
ea ae ee ae 5) ng ey i roe *
~ i ‘om pre al papain A lee nie eid * aye resent
i
iy .; i
Wa a fee ae in bi at oe Bs
Lar ’ Iv
vik , cn sere dn oe
e at deenecallly bane ge: ne
oa ne eer a Oe gape 5 a Me prepeeaka tel oi ”"
ae Cee een he ae apteip remy gS: .
th ros fas re: * = sacar er
me oni Bais" uae ae
Ba eh ie |
SA oa eg Seek nid
PEAT E. -CLVI.
MUREX ANGULATUS.
ANGULATED MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal: Limax. Shell spiral, rough: aperture ending in a straight,
and somewhat produced gutter or canaliculation.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Shell oblong, whorls depressed, angulated, transversely striated, sul-
cated longitudinally ; aperture toothless.
Murex ANGULATUs: testa oblonga: anfractibus depressis angu-
latis transversim striatis longitudinaliter sulcatis,
apertura edentula.
A neat shell of interesting figure, that has been found, though
rarely, on the English coasts. ‘The specimens figured in our Plate
were discovered on the sands at Brighton by Mr. Munn, who kindly
communicated them to us. We have received it since from the
coast of Weymouth.
This is doubtless an undescribed species.
D4
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Rete hey) eh eeeinaly sone
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PLATE CEVIP.
SIG. 1. £
HELIX RUFESCENS.
REDDISH SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, diaphanous, fragile. Aperture
semilunar, or roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell umbilicated, and streaked with pale reddish.
Hex RureEsceEns: testa umbilicata, et striata dilute rufescens.
Cochlea umbilicata, et striata dilute rufescens. Rurescens Da Costa.
Brit. conch. p. 80. sp. 43.
Cochlea dilute rufescens, aut subalbida, sinu ad ymbilicum exiguo,
circinata. List. H. An. Angl. p. 125. tit. 12.
tab. 2. fig. 12.
Cochlea terrestris depressa & umbilicata mellei coloris, labio candido
repando, sinu ad umbilicum exiguo circinato.
Gualt. 1. Conch, tab. 3. fig. N
PLA TE e@LVIL
This kind may be readily distinguished by a slight carene, or ridge
that surrounds the first or largest wreath of the shell. The colour,
as the name implies, is reddish when the animal is alive ; when dead,
whitish and discoloured: the carene is usually of a lighter colour
than the rest of the shell.
Da Costa speaks of it as being not very common; observing at the
same time that he had received it from Cornwall and Hampshire. It
is pretty frequent, he adds, about Leeswood in Flintshire, between the
bark and wood of trees thrown down, and decayed, especially alders.
Dr. Lister found it in plenty about Tadcaster, in the woods and hedges
of marshy and shady meadows, and in like places throughout Craven,
in Yorkshire : he observes there is a variety, (if not a different species, )
in Kent, somewhat larger, lighter coloured, and with a smaller um-
bilicus. Mr. Morton found it at Morsley, and the other, Northamp-
tonshire woods. ‘To this we should add, that from our own obser-
vation, the species appears to be more frequent in many parts of the
country than our author imagined. It delights chiefly in marshy
places. Occasionally we have found it on aquatic plants in Battersea
meadows.
FIG. Il.
HELIX PALLIDA.
PALE SNAIL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell inflated, slightly umbilicated, fragile, pale: whorls six, convex ;
aperture semilunar.
PLA‘? E. CLEVi.
Heix PALLIDA: testa inflata subumbilicata fragili pallida: anfrac-
tibus sex convexis, apertura semilunari.
ee
Rather a local species, found in some parts of Kent: we have also
seen it on the great roman wall of Caerwent, Monmouthshire.
iby y
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ee iy. 4 ht 1a os a ARG ARI ihe ste ghia
vs Aaiteyiavelcd cers \ iatbake a2 a san
Pes 4 (BRIS) squats On gigi gener Po eee
Oh Sc ks Pps: so p
| re ve Redan se Peni ear ot 1M et: Hany
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PLATE CLVIII.
FIG. I. II.
ARCA NOAE.
NOAH’S ARK SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Shell bivalve, valves equal: teeth at the hinge numcrous, acute,
and inserted between each other.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell oblong, striated, at the apex emarginated : beaks very remote :
margin gaping.
Arca NoaE: testa oblonga striata apice emarginata, natibus remo-
tissimis, margine hiante. Linn. Gmel. Syst.
Nat. T. 1. p. 6. p. 3306. sp. 2.
Musculus Matthioli. ust. ¢. 368.
Concha rhomboides, Hondel. 99. 2. p. 27.
Bonanu. recr. 2. f. 32.
REST iS
Miss Pocock, whose liberal communication of British shells col-
lected by herself, we have had such frequent occasion to mention in
the progress of this publication, has obliged us with a small specimen
of the Arca Noae found on the shores of Cornwall; the smallest
shell figured in the upper part of our Plate.
PLATE CLVIII.
It has been presumed before that this shell was a native of our
coasts: that Borlase had met with it; and that the Arca tortuosa * of
Pennant, (which he says inhabits Cornwall, and has been found near
Weymouth,) was no other than the Arca Noae of Linneus. But
this still remained a matter of much uncertainty among Conchologists,
and with ourselves, till we received the specimen from the lady above-
mentioned, which proves beyond dispute that it is a British shell,
and perfectly similar to those of the same species found in the Medi-
terranean sea. ‘This being a young shell, is not of course covered
with the rude brown epidermis, as in the old or full grown Mediter-
ranean shell, figured with it, in order to elucidate the species with
more precision. Since the publication of the Plate we have also had
the satisfaction of receiving another specimen of the shell nearly
thrice the size of the small one figured, in a parcel of shells col-
lected on Slapton sands, Devonshire, last summer.
At the same time that Miss Poceck discovered this small specimen
of Arca Noae, several worn valves of an Arca, confessedly of a dif-
ferent kind, occurred likewise. Both the internal and external view
of these are represented in the lower part of the plate, fig. 3, together
with that of the perfect specimen of a foreign shell, fig. 4, which
may prove hereafter to be of the samme species. ‘The mutilated valves
we have little hesitation in believing it to be precisely those of the
shell figured by Lister, ¢ 367. m. 207. Balanus Bellonij tenuter
striata ; though from their imperfect condition it might be improper
to offer any positive opinion concerning them. At a future period
we may be enabled, by receiving better specimens, to ascertain this
point, and as it may then appear, our conjectures were not unfounded,
* No. 57, Penn. Brit. Zool.
PLATE CLVIG.
We should further add, that this species, though observed by Lister,
has been overlooked by Linnzus; and that from a Ms. note in
one of the copies of Lister’s work, in the library of Sir Joseph Banks,
we find the late Dr. Solander intended to have named it specifically
Jusca, had he lived to publish his new arrangement of Conchology.
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159
PLATE CLIX.
TURBO RETICULATUS.
RETICULATED TURBO.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture
somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell tapering, reticulated with granules, testaceous, whorl reversed *
aperture straitened.
TuRBO RETICULATUS; testa turrita reticulata granulata testacea,
anfractibus coarctata.
This is a remarkably neat, or rather elegant shell, and equally
distinguished for its rarity. It was found in the sands on the coast
of Cornwall, by Miss Pocock, to whose polite attention we are ex-
clusively indebted for the specimen now figured.
That this small species of Turbo is undescribed either as a British
or a foreign shell, we have little reason to dispute, unless the follow-
ing, described by Mr. Walker, should prove to be the same: “ Turbo,
Turritus perversus novem anfractibus punctatis apertura coarctata ;
the reversed taper Turbo of nine dotted whorls and straitened aperture.
YOL. V. E
PLATE ‘CLIX.
A shell found at Sandwich.”—The description does not strictly cor-
respond with our shell, the figure is yet more remote. Some degree
of ambiguity arises from this particular circumstance ; in our shell the
wreaths are uniformly lineated spirally, with three prominent rows
of tubercles, or more correctly speaking, granulations, except on
the first wreath, where they are more numerous, and the interme-
diate series on every wreath, consists of smaller granulations than
those on either side of it. The term punctatis, on the contrary,
which Mr. Walker has adopted, must rather imply a dot depressed :
in the engraving also, by which his description is elucidated, the dots
appear to be disposed in three distinct series upon each wreath, as
the granulations are in the shell before us, but each dot is apparently
depressed, and situated in the center of a quadrangular compartment :
at the same time also it must be remarked, that the intermediate series
of these dots on every wreath, are of an equal magnitude with the
others. ‘The aperture, whatever might be the shell designed, is mise-
rably expressed, as are indeed the figures both of the natural size, and
magnihed. We suspect upon the whole, they are intended for our
shell, and were it not for the objections stated, should insert a re-
ference to his figure, plate 3. No. 48. as a synonym.
160
PLATE UL.
LEPAS BOREALIS.
NORTHERN ACORN SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base; multivalve; the valves
unequal,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell erect, subconic, aperture quadrangular, operculum or lid acute,
and striated transversely.
Lepas BorEALIs; testa erecta subconica, apertura quadrangulari
operculis acutis transversim striatis.
A few small clusters, with some single specimens of this curious
species of Lepas, were discovered about three years since, attached
to the bottom of the Warspight ship of war, when taken into dock to
be repaired, after lying in the harbour of Portsmouth for a great length
of time. Mr. James Hay, of Portsmouth, has since found two or
three shells of the same kind, by dredging in Portsmouth harbour ;
so that though probably not indigenous, it has now become a na-
turalised species.
This was first communicated by J. Laskey, Esq. We have
since received it from Newfoundland, affixed to the valve of
EZ
PLATE CLX.
a northern ostrea; and learning that it is undoubtedly a native of
the north seas, we venture to assign it the specific name of borealis,
——The clusters of these shells, when pressed together, (which rarely
happens) take an elongated form, as is expressed in the upper figure.—
We are certainly to consider this as a rare species.
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PLATE CLXI.
MACTRA RADIATA.
RADIATED MACTRA.
GENERIC CHARACTERe
Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth com-
plicated, with a little groove on each side; lateral tooth remote.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell thin, fragile, somewhat triangular, compressed, whitish, and
finely striated with testaceous Tays.
MACTRA RADIATA: testa tenui fragili subtriangulari compressa
albida subtilissime striata testaceo radiata.
SE ARE + FS PET SE SESE SLE Te
Several valves of this shell were found upon Langston beach, near
Portsmouth, after a severe storm that happened in the year 1800,
by J. Laskey, Esq. of Crediton; from whom we received the spe-
cimens figured in the annexed plate.
This is a thin, brittle shell, of a large size; colour sordid white,
tinged with reddish, and faintly marked with rays of a testaceous
colour, beneath a brown filmy epidermis.
E 3
kaw si Joona ‘albgitin ti intwains si
a an ek te i ata
1 geeerganey “tli 7 ge ise msi 9 pe
anes hee parol wit tox wy noth ii
bic wat oft we hone uid am 3
162
PLA Ti” CLA:
DENTALIUM OCTANGULATUM.
EIGHT-RIDGED TOOTH-SHELL,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Terebella. Shell univalve, tubular, straight or slightly
curved, with an undivided cavity open at both ends.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
. AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell white, somewhat curved, with eight ribs or angles, and three
intermediate striz.
DENTALIUM OCTANGULATUM: testa alba subarcuata octangulata :
interstitius tri-striatis.
DENTALIUM"STRIATULUM: Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3738. sp. 13 ?
For the discovery of this elegantly striated tooth-shell, as a native
of the British coasts, we have once again to acknowledge our obli-
gation to a lady, mentioned on other similar occasions in the progress
of this work, Miss Pocock; several shells of this kind were found
by her on the sandy coasts of Cornwall, near Lelant, in the year
1802.
F 4
PLATE CLXII.
It remains to express some little doubt, whether every circumstance
will allow us to consider this as an hitherto undescribed species; as
a British shell we can have no hesitation in saying it has not been
mentioned by any author. We were rather inclined at first to think
our shell could be no other than a variety of the Dentalium striatulum
of Gmelin, which is described as a native of the Mediterranean and
Sicilian seas. ‘The synonyms given by Gmelin to that species, we
found however to be less expressive of our shell than his de-
scription; Lister’s shell, to which he refers, ¢. 547. f. 1. b. is
much larger than our shell, as is likewise that of Martini, quoted
with it; both are described to be of a fine green colour, with the
tip only white, but it has uniformly eight distinct ribs or angles, as
in our shell, which is a much more important characteristic of a species,
than the mere difference of colour.—There is another shell, figured
by Martini, pl.1. f. 4. B. that seems to approach much nearer to
our shell, and the colour is white, but as in D. elephantium, this has
ten ribs instead of eight; it is the Dentalium aprinum of Gmelin.—
As our shell, upon the whole, does not strictly accord with those
species noticed, nor any others which we are acquainted with, a new
name and character will tend at Jeast to obviate confusion. Of Den-
talium striatulum it may prove to bea variety, but that is doubtful ; and
there is scarcely any reason to dispute its being undescribed, unless
it be of that species.
ok P =
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ie
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PLATE “CLXif:
TELLINA DEPRESSA.
DEPRESSED TELLEN.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
The hinge usually furnished with three teeth. Shell generally sloping
on one side.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell inzquilateral, depressed, and very minutely striated.
TELtina Depress: testa inequilatera depressa minutissime striata.
Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3238. sp. 55.
Gualt. test. t. 88. fs L.
Tellina Squalida. Soland Mus. Port.—Pult. Cat. Dors. p. 29.
Fr eam EY
In the summer of the year 1800, we first discovered this shell,
laying in plenty upon the sands on the south east side of ‘Tenby, Pem-
brokeshire ; where they had been apparently thrown up by a violent
sea that had raged with considerable fury two or three hours before.
This shell we conceived to be an undescribed British shell, but have
since found that it had been observed on the north shore of Poole,
at Weymouth, sparingly, by Dr. Pultney, and described by him in
PLATE. CLEAUL
Hutchin’s History of Dorsetshire, under the specific name of Squalida.
_ This conchologist admit it to be Tellina squalida of Solander, A/us.
Port. and Tellina depressa of Gmelin.
The only synonym given by Gmelin for his 7. depressa, (whose
habitat he is even unacquainted with,) is a reference to Gualtieri,
f.H. 1. L. The two first are small, and perhaps not of the same
species, those represented at letter L and M, we believe to be the
true shell of which we offer a figure as the Tellina depressa of
Gmelin; Gualtieri thus describes his shell: ‘ Tellina inzquilatera
satis depressa, minutissime striata, vel candida, vel purpurascens, vel
subrosea.”’
The figures in the annexed plate represent the natural size of our
largest specimens: the colours are variable, more or less, of a fine
pale orange, yellow, and tinged with rosy. It is certainly rare.
Mg A524 na) hod thchh dd Vi, 0
av i,
: a a
NS) et Mirae is pparem :
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: i 3 il a1 AMAEC) . /- re Ww Poe rena ‘ ar 5 i 3 hagia!! aah ~o 4
Nee Re Lt i “s = . ts airy oO eas “he ’ F
4 PO ee OR ee eee ee ce Ly rene en eae et
i iiaatia i aa hier rr ae PT Oe. eae Meh ye N
oe thee Walt dea ae Oe (APR ee ne ae ; '
' bye re AS SEL tants Tes ‘ oy ye Lie ye BE Sek y hia Pe an a
at rh a Z
ae
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i
P iAc DE Feo LXV,
LEPAS DILATA.
DILATED LEPAS.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base: multivalve; the valves
unequal.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell compressed, five valved, thin, dorsal valve dilated at the base
with an acute angle; and seated on a peduncle.
LEPAS DILATA: testa compressa quinquevalvi tenul, vaivula dorsali
basi dilata angulo acuto, pedunculo insidenie.
LEPAS FASCICULARIS: testa quinquevalvi lzvi corpus tegente, val-
vula dorsali basi dilata angulo acuto prominente,
stipite nudo. Hillis. Zooph. pl. 15. f. 6. p. 167.
LEPAS SIGILLATUM, Mus. Portl ?
The first, and only account we have of this kind of Lepas, is
that given by the late Mr. Ellis in his Natural History of Zoophytes.
In addition to the character he assigns to this shell, quoted as a
synonym, this writer acquaints us only that it is “ from St. George’s
Channel.’”? We have never met with it either on the coast of that
PLATE CLXIV.
channel, or any other, nor have we received it from any of our friends,
at the same time that~we have no reason to distrust the information
of that author, and only infer from the attention we have by chance
bestowed particularly to the marine productions of that sea, that it
must be rare.
A specimen of this shell, one which we are inclined to think, on
pretty good authority, to be the same, or one of them at least, that
was sent by the late Mr. Ellis to the Dutchess of Portland, is at this
time in our Cabinet; the late Dr. Fordyce became first possessed of
this specimen, and at his death we obtained it, under the title of
Lepas sigillatum of Solander. Unlike Lepas anatifera, or anserifera,
the valves of this shell are uncommonly thin, brittle, in a certain
degree corneous, with the largest lateral valves rather crumpled in
the usual course of the striz, and marked transversely with obsolete
rays: the shell is likewise covered with a fine pale brown skin, or
epidermis: is larger than anatifera, and has a singular acute promi-
nent dilation at the base of the back valve.
105
Pi
1&
PLATE CLAY.
VOLUTA LAVIS.
SMOOTH VOLUTE.
GENERIC CHARACTER:
Animal a Limax. Shell with one cell, spiral; aperture without a
tail or beak, and somewhat effuse. Columella plaited; generally
without lips or umbilicus.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell rather ovate, very smooth; spire obtuse; two plaits on the
pillar lip; lip gibbous, and slightly denticulated.
VoLUTA L&vVIs: testa obovata levissima, spira obtusa, columella
biplicata, labro gibbo subdenticulato.
VoLUTA EDENTULA. Mus. Porti.
As a British species, this extremely rare little shell was first noticed
on the coast of Weymouth, being dredged up in deep water by some
fishermen, and consigned to the cabinet of the late Dutchess of Portland.
The specimens we have figured, are two of those originally in the
possession of her Grace.
PLAT CLR.
Dr. Solander, who, it is well known to the scientific conchologist,
intended to have published a catalogue of that Museum, it appears,
on a reference to his posthumous papers, called this species edentula ;
a name which, without detracting from the merit of that able naturalist,
it must be allowed is by no means applicable. So far from its being
destitute of teeth, the series of denticulations are sufficiently visible
on the colwmella ; those on the lip are yet more prominent, and can
by no means justify the appellation of edentula.
Voluta Levis, for such we have presumed to name this shell, is
remarkably glossy, free in a perfect degree from any kind of striz,
whitish, and most delicately tinged with pale blushes of red, and
yellowish or straw colour.—It has much the habit of a cyprza, and
might without any impropriety be arranged under that genus.
é
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t xs :
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7
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7 - ji ne '
Ai 6 &
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ry
4) : ee ‘i 1G or ey, a oid ne - j
= a ae ae ;
7 i,
PLATE CLXVI:
Fits.. I.
LEPAS SCALPELLUM.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base, multivalve; the valves
unequal,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell compressed. Valves thirteen, smooth, and seated on a scaly
peduncle.
Lepas SCALPELLUM: testa compressa tredecim valvi leviuscula
pedunculo squamosa insidente. Linn. Fn.
Suec. 2121.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3210. Sp. 11.
Lillis Phil. Trans. 1758. t. 34. f. 4. paze $49.
Lepas Scalpellum, a very rare and curious species, has been found
attached to some sea weeds, dredged up on the coast of Weymouth ;
a specimen of it afixed to the branches of a coralline that was dis-
PLATE “CLAVI.
covered here, after passing through the collections of the late Dutchess
of Portland, and Dr, Fordyce, is at present in our possession.
There are several interesting remarks upon this singular genus in
a paper written by the late Mr. John Ells; which is inserted in the
transactions of the Royal Society, for the year 1758: the letter is
addressed to Mr. Isaac Romilly, a member of the society, and con-
tains in particular, the following observation upon Lepas Scal-
pellum. * Fig. 2,” he says, referring to his illustrative plate, ¢ is
the next animal of this class: this is not yet described. I found several
of them sticking to the warted Norway Sea Fan, which Dr. Pantop-
pidan, the Bishop of North Bergen, sent you: from its appearance,
I have called it the Norway Sea Fan Penknife. ‘The stem of this is
covered with little testaceous scales. ‘The upper part of the animal
is enclosed in thirteen distinct shells, six on each side, besides the
hinge-shell, which is common to both sides: these are connected
together by a membrane that lines the whole inside.
Gmelin speaks of it as a native of the Norway seas.
rr. i.
LEPAS ANSERIFERA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell compressed, quinquevalve, striated, and seated on a peduncle.
Lepas ANSERIFERA: testa compressa quinquevalvi, striata, pe-
dunculo insidente. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3210.
Sp. 12s
BL AT EK CLXVI.
Chiefly distinguished from Lepas Anatifera, described at the com-
mencement of this work, by having the valves striated with elevated
lines ; the valves in the former being perfectly smooth. Lepas ana-
tifera has been heretofore considered as a native of the American and
Atlantic seas; but that it has been likewise found upon the English
coast, there is no reason to dispute, the shell with the living animal
has been dredged up at Weymouth, as well as the preceding species.
We have the valves of this shell likewise in the collection of Da
Costa, as an English species.
VOL. Vv. ¥
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: .* ae a " ¢ a Te *F | i : 2 a ke a via }
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:
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MAP ad
167
PAL ALTE. CL XVIL
4
NERITA INTRICATA.
INTRICATE-LINED NERIT.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Anima! Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous, flattish beneath :
aperture semiorbicular, or semilunar ; pillar lip, transversely trun-
cated, and flattifh.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell smooth : spire somewhat pointed: umbilicus large, nearly
heart shaped, with a small carinated lobe.
NeRITA INTRICATA: testa levi: spira submucronata, umbilico
magno subcordato ; lobo parvo carinato.
NERITA CANRENA var ?
FY?
That this shell :s not the young of Nerita Glaucina, as some have
suspected, is evident from the depth and structure of the umbilicus,
which in the former is almost completely closed by the pillar lip.
It is rather allied to Nerita Canrena, which has a gibbous bifid umbi-
licus ; and may possibly indeed prove to Le nothing more than a va-
VOL. Y¥. G
PLATE CLXVII.
riety of that shell. “The varieties of N. Canrena, enumerated by
Gmelin, amount to twenty-five, neither of which accords exactly with
our shell, and that writer. describes them only as natives of India,
Africa, and America, but itis not unlikely it may be also an European
shell.
Our specimens aré from Weymouth. .
ir, oad <
ee ny
ni “
SD dahieifereaiaes
ela oe
peeevasiit
v Taq
= ¥, ;
ne et r Ly ey ; e' ” re
a : ab bin « Me shel y 3 ms ee -
ra i ’ A Ne i » i r py ¢ ; se ‘ he. ar
| | Taig
A + te yr a Wa ity & ns ete i.
wv; pe ; 4's ie 7
a ae an! Bess . “ .
=F, 7 . " :
f <9) 4
, : a :
2m
Poy
Was
oe :
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& Ea
a
B
’ 4, j
Rue <j 3)
7
168
iS)
PLATE CLXVIII.
ELG.” Tf.
HELIX PUTRIS.
MUD SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell imperforate, obtuse, ovate, yellow: aperture ovate.
HELIx Putris: testa imperforata, ovata obtusa flava: apertura,
ovata. Linn. Fn. Suec. 2189.
Gigli, £-5. f, B.
Chem. Conch. 9. t. 135. f. 1248.
Last. Conch. t. 1233: f." 282
G2
PLAT ©: CLAVE,
Helix (suecinea) testa oblonga fulya diaphana, anfractibus tribus,
apertura ovata. Aull. Zool. dan. prodr. 2912.
Turbo subflavus pellucidus imperforata, testa pretenui fragili, trium
spirarum. TRIANFRACTUS, THREE SPIRED.
Da Costa, p. 92. fp. 51. Pl. 5. fig. 13:
The two Linnean species of fresh water helices, putrzs, and léemosa
are so closely allied, that authors have, not unfrequently, confounded
one with the other. Dr. Pultney considers our shell with some
doubt, as the Helix limosa of Linnzus, in which particular we
think, he must be mistaken. The figure given by Gualtieri
is the only one referred to by Linnzus, in the Systema Nature,
for Putris, and that is most exactly the same as our shell, although
the design is taken from a minute specimen. Pennant’s Helix Putris,
t. 86. f. 137. is apparently the H. limosa. Both the species in
question are well figured by Chemnitz, on the same plate.
This shell is very common in ditches, ponds, and other watery
places, and especially in those overgrown with weeds.
Fic. IL.
HELIX BULLAOIDES.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell ovate, smooth, glossy, horny, brittle, whorls reversed, spire
short.
PLAT EK. GCLAVITL
HeELIx BULLAOIDES: testa ovata levi nitida cornea fragili, an-
fractibus contrariis, spira brevi.
Received from Lincolnshire by the late Duchess of Portland, from
whose collection the specimen at this time in our possession was
obtained.
G3
+ .
* a A
| Rove spa aN ;
“
see 7 . ey aia
2 ale 1 alt 3
'
; eld “Giecee sagen ce sie _ ee
; Dae ol | me Sah pi ASS nee it, Shes Sa
2 “em ne dle sas eo oho anole is ae 7
eee “ay he The yt, onl ego
“ te ee ve: ‘set alitasee Mee ae Hel hat 8,
’ ABs cee tyaae'e iis Baie al i eth ne gsis
ihe
i a oh asia, ey hae Ne os m ies ‘<r
ae she BANS i my % eee eta ae Fie -
: . a ae ria wa ys % Sets See eats ie Er
| ec ' “ieee seein ah ne re Ve a a a oe +i aaah WRG: wh ,
+t *
‘ 4 BS rd ¥ ‘ . in c ss ‘p Tea Rect
ay & aR ‘ oon > " Ag « ‘oo hee x -_" 4 a | "
uy . i. w ban ie Les i Cy %
Sih!) ia fa He tie! ga ae met ny re iat e
eu Fy , we) i wa ' ake
an ";. ‘ ul: sit ane set za iba oF an ty be sh a a be Pe ve Ae
Ane Geto a gtk esas:
Tar 0s % ‘ ; ‘
-_, 1 eget a A ae “¢ if
e an, : Peri A 2 "
Berti:
‘ ie 1 u
a Le
ae RIN
eh Pa
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teed ae
Oo Mi -) he ioe wy,
PLATE CUXIX.
FIGs.
MUREX BAMFFIUS.
BAMFF WHITE MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a ftrait, and fomewhe.
produced gutter, or canaliculation.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell ventricofe, white, ribbed longitudinally, with. acute
plaits.
Murex BAaMFFius: testa ventricosa alba costis longitudinalibus
acutis plicatis.
A nondescript species, discovered by Mr. Cordiner, on the
coast of Bamffshire, Scotland; and communicated by him to the
late Duchess of Portland. ‘The smallest figure is only of the
young shell, we have it of the exact size of the largest figure,
numbered 1, in the annexed plate. Uncommonly rare.
G 4
PLATE CLARE:
FG. T.
MUREX EMARGINATUS.
NOTCHED-LIP PALE MUREX,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell somewhat elongated, pale, with a white band: wreaths
striated, with Iengitudinal undulations: on the -posterior part of the
lip a single notch.
Murex EMARGINATUS: testa sub-elongata pallida fusca alba :
anfractibus striatis longitudinaliter undulatis labio
postice emarginato.
The notch in the posterior part of the lip of this shell is
singular, By this mark the species may be immediately distin-
guished in a collection of British Shells, being perhaps the only ,
one of the kind found on our coast. ‘This notch, it should
however be added, is to be considered rather as the distinctive
feature of a natural family of shells, than as the character of the
individual species now before us, the very same appearance being
observable on several of the extra-european shells of the Murex Genus.
Our specimens of this scarce, and, as we belieye, undescribed
species, were found on the western coast.
et eel
it ge
- <n » teen waee
=
Fy ‘
~ he
a A “pmae ipn ly
_
aa a
an
ot yA
Lntiod
7
ae
>>;
hy / rat ag
bot? q . ‘? Pn elo yea
“ Waits Mame i Pare
a
17?
PLAT AeA
VENUS FASCIATA.
FASCIATED VENUS SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Hinge furnifhed, with three teeth, two near each other, the third
divergent from the beaks.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell somewhat heart-shaped, white, fasciated with brown: ridges
large, broad, depressed, of regular thickness at both extremities.
VENUS FASCIATA: testa subcordata alba fusco-fasciata sulcis crassis
latis depressis regularibus continuis.
Pectunculus parvus, planior, crassus dense fasciatus. Fasciated: Da
Costa, p. 188. sp. 25. Tub. 13. fig. 3.
This elegant shell occurs very rarely on the coasts of this country ;
we haye observed it sparingly distributed on the sands near Tenby,
in Pembrokeshire. Da Costa says, he was informed that it is found
near Bangor, among the rocks from Bangor Ferry to Anglesea, in
PLATE CLXX.
Wales, by which he could only mean that the species is an inhabitant
of the Menai, the arm of Beaumaris bay, communicating with the St.
George’s channel which divides Caernarvonshire from the island of
Anglesea. The same writer notes it likewise from Cornwall. Dr...
Pultney describes it asa scarce shell, which he had found at Wey-
mouth.
Having Da Costa’s specimens of this shell, and also that of his
Pectunculus Vetula before us, we should not refrain from observing,
that the opinion of Dr. Pultney respecting ‘hese shells is incorrect ;
they are not merely transitions in growth, or varieties of the same kind,
the difference between the two is obvious, and fully authorize us to
consider them as distinct species. It should be understood in ad-
vancing this remark, that the shell which Da Costa figures and de-
scribes, for Pectunculus Vetula 1s clearly the Linnean Venus Paphia,
a shell well known as a native of the West Indies, and never found
to our knowledge in any of the European seas. Da Costa was aware,
after his work had been published, that he had erroneously con-
founded the variety of Fasciatus, Fig. 1, 1, in our Plate, with the
West Indian shell ; he had conceived the latter to be the same shell in
a more perfect condition, and caused it to be engraved accordingly.
Dr. Pultney, in the passage wherein these shells of Da Costa are
noticed (in his catalogue of the shells found on the coast of Dorset-
shire,) describes the Pectunculus Fasciatus as nothing more than a
variety of Venus Paphia (Zann.) in which respect he is assuredly
mistaken, Qne of the most striking characters, by means of which
the two species are to be discriminated, in our opinion, may be ob-
served in the structure of the concentric ridges on the outside of the
Shell: these in the true Linnzan Paphia are remarkably thick, and
PLA/EE CLA: \
prominent in the middle, but in approaching each extremity become
suddenly obtuse, and are then continued in an attenuated ridge, par-
ticularly as they,extend towards the front of the shell, and thus
exactly corresponding with the definition of Linnzus, “ rugis
incrassatis, pube rugis attenuatis.”’
On the contrary, in our
shell the ridges are nearly of an uniform thickness throughout,
sloping gradually with the depression of the shell behind, and only
terminating abruptly at the edge of the front, or fore part of the shell
where the valves appear obtuse: the outline of the shell is also very
different from Venus Paphia, the latter being more produced on each
side than our Venus Fasciata.
Bese onenaena ubnee npn es ch
) i esate Dog sere Pate apes Ni apse sacs
S ‘ahi alabes ae IhitOne Ne mane: i
or: Gere srs maa th ge Pam eR Sishnr
. ee }
os an x oe TRAeas 4 de7- Vint Astin iepamota se
Lee ie Saks ee wus" Rie a: Hs, ‘et ua
‘a " ue sae servile meee Basin ve pale et
Vaid 0s fer Kay dee au ie SRE acernasangtigne
ide Pt 4 OEE HS Ay 7 ror & etn Wks is iy fag! Pylon, itt Same” i
a At ) Nh a re ios et , ina Fy Cott eet -. ae: 4 he ido parma: Wik
ears ne a 7 “ b or aa i ie’ Atey, han
; Pe ds 2 ten, , ‘ ei ee.
Fe aki Si we: ig can ver tee mye, of iia Pe
ue : : i" : . p eae
ri | hb ‘a
hecee a ‘eli Re mae’ 5 aaa a hy’ ie Sy sponinere
Oe i 7 Apes ip a i oe OR. “ibe Siti sti ie ia z
a i A at Sa hy, eon ‘allt da! al Wh dabingt WON «
Ton. en RS ue rem ve ee
ie . ange wb we oe ick uit coat hong tyhelee Z
| nN eae ee) aly “height ene el
3 Pena Mare iahwe at ee oi , oe
q enn ee hen |
Vie ai ae | ae
Late ic
t oe
f
Ae
hy oF
, po a 7
. ‘
y
‘Vag
: Ne
ne
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a Ar’. a
ay! ia One Ay
>
4 ‘
" ee ee J
174
PLATS Chama.
PATELLA MILITARIS.
HOOKED LIMPET.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal a Limax: shell univalve, sub-conic without spire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell entire, conic, pointed, striated, with the tip hooked, or re-
curved on one side.
PATELLA MILITARIS: testa integra conica acuminata striata, ver-
tice hamoso lateraliter recurvo. Linn. Mant.
§52.
List. Conch. 544.
Pult. Cat. p. 51.
When Linnzus described this shell in the Appendix to his AZantissa
Plantarum, its native country was unknown to him. It is a
Mediterranean species, and is sometimes, though rarely, met with on
the British coast. We have it from Cornwall through the favour of
Miss Pocock, and lately from Devonshire. Dr. Puitney acquaints
us, that Mr. Bryer found this species on the sands near Weymouth
Castle, Dorsetshire.
PLATE CLXXI.
Gmelin, in his edition of the Systema Nature, neglects to insert
this species, for what reason we are at a loss to conceive. ‘The
specimens we possess of this rare shell, from the warmer parts of
Europe, are larger than those found on our coast. In different
specimens we observe that the striz are liable to vary both in form
and number, some shells appearing much more strongly reticulated
than others.
~
i i
ruAT BE. CLXAILL
TURBO SUBULATUS.
SUBULATE WREATH SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form.
Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell subulate, tapering, pale flesh-colour, glossy, fasciated with
testaceous-brown. Aperture oval.
TursBo SUBULATUS: testa subulato-turrita pallide-carnea nitida
testaceo fasciata, apertura ovali.
STROMBIFORMIs parvus corneus glaber. Smooth. De Costa,
Brit. conch. p. 1171. sp. 69. Turbo levis.
Smooth. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 115. tab. 79.
upper figure 2
a
Our best specimens of this rare shell were dredged up on the,
coast of Weymouth. Da Costa received it from Exmouth, in
Devonshire ; he also adds, that three were found in the stomach
of a Five Finger, or common Stella Marina. ‘The Turbo leyis
PLATE CLXXIL.
of Pennant is from the coast of Anglesea, but it is altogether
uncertain whether he means this species or not.—It is an elegant
shell, of a taper form, thin, and semitransparent ; when very per~
fect, of a pale flesh-colour, spirally wreathed with whitish lines,
and others of an ochreous or brownish hue ; the stripes are not
uniformly disposed alike in all specimens. Da Costa thinks the
species may be well distinguished by the spiral white lines.
The smallest figures in the plate denote the natural size of this
shell.
J is
< i
“a L 2 ohh a
i n a |
s ae | t és $y
ae
_ \) ) <a i x
y ¢
*
’ ; . ® Ng
: ® .
J é
: : t : ie
«
ret oe.
+ a ‘ ‘ ‘ a
sf * ¥ i . 3 j
4} t 7
tik * o } ’
Ab Te
Oa a on * a i
« ¢
ty : ‘ is “
< < : t ‘
ee :
j
Uae ny 2 ‘tee aa 4, od
f : + y a) | seed i Hy q f
fe in cl hep | ; tm ; he Ver eae, H
d ; oe
le Ree,
i’ oa,
; ae Ay
% ae = | ita
or se ee
ene
wis
oe
17
FLATE CLXAXI,
4
TURBO MAMMILLATUS.
MAMMILLATED TURBO,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax: shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Apere
ture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell imperforate, subovate, whorls striated with raised dots, and
slightly angulated by a few of the striz, the dots of which are larger.
TURBO MAMMILLATUS: testa imperforata subovata anfractibus
striatis punctis eminentibus striis aliquot majori-
bus subangulatus.
This remarkable shell is introduced among the British species of
the ‘Turbo genus, only on the authority of a posthumous memoran-
dum in the hand writing of Da Costa, which we find in the
collection of that Conchologist affixed to one of the specimens
figured in the annexed Plate. From this it appears the shell had
been picked up by Mr. Platt on the Scilly rocks, at the western
extremity of Cornwall, and communicated by him to Da Costa.
VOue Vs Iii
Peart fost
ost PRM
~ ia
174
PLAT E., CLXXIY,
MYA PICTORUM.
PAINTERS MUSCLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge
for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, broad tooth, not in-
-serted into the opposite valve.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS,
Shell oblong, rounded at both ends ; a single crenulated tooth in one
valve, and two in the other.
Mya PICTORUM: testa oblonga antice posticeque rotundata, cardi-
nis dente primario crenulato, alterius duplicato,
Mya PictoruM. Jinn. Fn. Suec. 2129.
Mya pictorum, Moule des Peintres. Chemn. Conch, 6. t. 1. f. 6.
Belg. verf houder.—Dan. Maler miegen,—
Maler Skiael, zbzd.
————_———————— eee
f
Two, or perhaps no less than three different kinds of the fresh
water My@ have been confounded with the M. pictorum of Lin-
nzus, as it has been already intimated in the description of the Mya
H 2
“PLATE CLXXIVv.
Ovalis, Plate 89, of this work, a shell considered by Da Costa as
the true M. pictorum. ‘The present species, which we have little
hesitation in believing to be the shell Linnzeus means, is more of an
oblong form than MZ. ovalis, rounded at both extremities, thin, semi-
transparent, and of a pale colour, beneath the epidermis, which is of
a faint green, or brownish hue ; within the shell is pearly.
The only synonyms we ‘can venture to adopt with certainty, are
_ those above quoted. There can be no doubt that the figure given
by Chemnitz for the M. pictorum of the continental writers, is the
same as that now before us, but the extensive list of references ta
other works, added by that writer, we are induced to reject as
being at least in many respects ambiguous. Our specimens of this
shell were obtained from Mr. George Humphrey, who assures us,
that although he never had met with it himself alive in this country,
he was told some years ago by the late-—~ Seymour, Esq. that this
very species had been fished up in the river Stour.
. wry. | |}
F rf ry ; i ah? F Y, a
4
ane in, sh tap
PS Ty EDI get) 4 ca
Zz Oe ah af oe oy ;
y ‘ Le it
; 2 j Mio, Vy
eae mn mee |
' A) he oY
fr *
175
4
A
, PLATE CLXXV.
FIG. I.
HELIX FRAGILIS.
BRITTLE RIVER SNAIL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Aperture of the mouth contracted, and lunulated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell imperforate, ovate, tapering, round, pellucid: aperture oblong-
ovate.
HEgLIx FRAGILIs:; testa imperforata ovato-subulata tereti pellucida :
apertura oyata-oblonga. Linn. Faun. Suec.
2187.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. 3658. Sp. 129.
Penn. Pl. 86.
Brown River Snail. Pult. Cat. p. 48.
Helix fragilis is distinguished from Helix stagnalis, and one or
two other very analogous species of river snail by a number of slight
ridges which spirally traverse the whole shell, and are in particular
H 3 obvious
PLATE. CUXXY:
obvious on the firft wreath. The shell is likewise more uniformly
elongated than H. stagnalis, the first wreath being less swollen, or
ventricose, and the remainder more so, than in that shell.—Helix
fragilis we have found on plants growing in rivulets about Green-
wich. Dr. Pultney says, it is common on plants in the river Stour.
FIG TH.
HELIX FONTINALIS.
SMOOTH FRESH WATER SNAIL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell imperforate, ovate, and pointed, glabrous, horny ; volutions
five, the first and second ventricose.
HLIx FONTINALIS‘ testa imperforata ovato-acuminata glabra
cornea anfractibus quinque, primo secundoque
ventricosis.
Common in some of the rivulets in Devonshire. Communicated
by J. Laskey, Esq.
Fig. 2, are those of the common sort ; a reversed variety of the
same species is distinguished by a star.
Avesta aed
a
ee
d ,, ri
| ae the Aina
Sy ema ae bh ces
“* : .
196 mK ae
PLATE UxxXvi
MYA PRATENUIS.
THIN WHITE SPOONHINGE GAPER.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Animal an Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The
hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, and broad
tooth, not inserted into the opposite valve..
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell ovate, subpellucid, fragile, white ; tooth in both valves at the
hinge oval, and patulous.
MYA PRETENUIS: testa ovata subpellucida fragili alba, cardinis
dente ovali patulo.
MYA PRATENUIS: testa ovata subpellucida fragili alba sabumbonali
pubescente, cardinis dente ovali patulo. Puli.
Cat. p. 28.
CHAMA pretenuts cardine cochleato porrectiore. Petiv. Gaz.
t. 94. 4.
eee
This delicate shell was first observed by us on the sandy coast of
Caermarthenshire. We have since received the same kind from the
shores of Cornwall, where it was found by Miss Pocock. Petiver
: H 4
PLATE CLXXVI.
describes his shell as being found at Poole, in Dorsetshire: where
Dr. Pultney also met with it on the sands in the harbour ; likewise
on the north shore near Brownsea Isle, and once with a few valves
on the shore between Weymouth and Portland.
Mya pretenuis, as the specific name implies, is a remarkably thin
shell, very brittle, of a whitish colour, and distinguished by having
an oval process or tooth resembling the bowl of a spoon in each
valve at the hinge.
ay
on Lack f
i
° , on Sea
ie ~)) "hex per: }
roMe
Reider
ae en
tyr I
; 4p he 1th.»
Peis
| ae tat
Saha ca i wis ad rb aes |
less Aaa i eel a Oh
ee. vr a! par iol W las
ts aeons fad | or en
alt 7 ies hi,
a
Fld oo canoe Vans
TURBO ALBUS.
WHITE WREATH SHELL,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aper-
ture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell tapering, glossy, and white.
Turzso ALBus: testa turrita nitida alba.
Strombiformis parvus albissimus levis, white. Da Costa Brit.
Conch. p. 116. Sp. 68.
Turbo minimus Jevis albus. Milk white smooth whelke. Borlase
Cornw. p. 277.
Turbo albus. Penn. Brit. Sool. N° 114, tab. 79?
We have never met with this shell on any of the British sea coasts,
although we are told it is found not very unfrequently on several of
PLATE CLXXVII.
thosé to which our researches have been directed. Da Costa says, the
species is found on the shores of Cornwall, about Fowey, Whitsand
Bay, the Land’s End, &c. and also in Devonshire. Pennant’s Turbo
Albus is from Anglesea.
fe
4 - ‘
‘> ,
a
i wT’ ‘
4
or
'
fe
aa
»
a
-“
‘
*
bs
b ;
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.
ru> &
S
*
Ph
‘
<p
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4.
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47 8
na |
PLATE CLXXVIII.
Pro, i
TURBO VITTATUS.
RIBBON-WREATH SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form,
Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell smooth, taper, whitish, whorls subobsolete ; on the first,
three chesnut bands, one on the rest
Turzo VITTATUs: testa turrita albida anfractibus subobsoletis,
primo faciis tribus castaneis reliquis unica.
This, and the following species of Turbo, we discovered in the
Menai, between Caernarvonshire and the island of Anglesea.
Turbo Vittatus, we have likewise been favoured with from Corn-
wall, by Miss Pocock, and from Devonshire, by J. Laskey, Esq.
PLATE CLXXVIIL
‘There ‘s some reason for believing this to be the Turbo Trifasciatus
of Adams’s description of minute British Shells, discovered on the
coast of Tenby, South Wales, which is inserted in the fifth volume
of the Transacticns of the Linnzan Society. ‘The account he gives
does not exactly agree with our Shell; he speaks of only two red
bands on the first spire, instead of three ; and the single spiral line
arising from the posterior band, terminates in his Shell after encircling
the second volution, whereas, in all our specimens this line is continued
on every wreath to the apex. Should his 7°, ¢rifasctatus be intended
for our Shell, the outline also is very badly expressed.—The
smallest figure in the annexed plate fhews the natural fize of this
fhell.
a EE SE TE SE ee Se
is) et
TURBO INTERRUPTUS.
INTERRUPTED-STRIPE WREATH SHELL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Shell. smooth, taper, whitifh, fasciated, with an interrupted ochreous
band.
Turso INTERRUPTUs: testa levi turrita albida fascia interrupta
ochrea.
Turso InTERRUPTUsS: tefta quinque anfractibus subobtusis, aper-
tura subrotunda. Adams. Linn. Trans. V. 5»
Spe3 ?
PLATE CLXXVIII.
We feel a much slighter degree of hesitation in admitting this to be
the Shell meant by Mr. Adams, in the paper above quoted, than
the preceding species ; notwithstanding that our Shell has a greater
number of whorls; the outline of his figure is rude, and far from
characteristic of the shell.—-Our specimens are from Anglesea, as
before mentioned. It is represented both of the natural fize and mag-
nified, in the plate.
F LG, Atk |
TURBO COSTATUS.
RIBBED WREATH SHELL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell taper, snowy white, with numerous obtuse longitudinal ribs.
TurBo CosTaTus: testa turrita nivea costis longitudinalibus nu-
merosis obtusis.
Specimens of this elegant shell were found at Margate. The
smallest figure denotes the natural fize.
FiG... TV;
TURBO PALLIDUS.
PALE WREATH SHELL.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell somewhat taper, pale ; whorls very slightly bicarinated,
PLATE CLXXVIIF.
TurBO PALLIDUs : testa subturrita pallida anfractibus obsoletissime
bicarinatus.
Found on the weftern coast: a Shell of very plain appearance,
brownish colour, and rather flattened on the wreath, so as to form
two flight spiral ridges or obtuse angles, especially ou the first or
largest volution.
are ee hae
Sight 994 ai :
aereiiers? eo Sed
a degra tH te ah oe
mee
shi i) wong ; a) ba
yl a 2 oe
: oe te ha 7
by ~ ;
nee Pet ie wey iu, Ue tee
> Sama ood Ve, ‘
args 1; ne
We i
: aap 1 ” ¥ , ert ‘ a » 7 ‘
Aan Payer ial J Khe A ty iv ; - no
7 Maen Too : ky i
4 } iy pie in
Hae ait his a oh
O R
Peg iy ares
% ‘Ghats fh.
“
;
a bt “N ve 7 ee an °
f ae ap ot jet mA oh
. yd rs
+5
sy)
p
PLATE CLXXIX.
pre. L,
TURBO ACUTUS.
‘ACUTE WREATH SHELL.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Apet-
ture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell taper, acute, snowy white, whorls about twelve with nume-
rous oblique obtuse ribs.
TURBO ACUTUS: testa turrita acuta nivea, anfractibus subduodecim
costis confertis obliquis obtusis,
A mutilated specimen of this curious Shell has been sent to us from
the coast of Cornwall: we believe it has been also found at Wey-
mouth ; but our perfect shell of this species is from Guernsey.—The
smallest figure is of the natural size.
PLATE CLXXIX,
FIG. II,
BUCCINUM BRUNNEUM.
LITTLE BROWN WHELK,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Aperture oval, ending in a short canal.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell taper, brown, whorls transversely striated, and longitudinally
undulated, Aperture toothless.
BuccinuM BRUNNEUM: testa turrita brunnea anfractibus trans~
versim striatis longitudinaliter undulatis apertura:
edentula,
Found on the coast of Cornwall :—A rare, and, as it is presumed,
an undescribed species.
FIG. Ill.
MUREX ELEGANS.
ELEGANT MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Spiral, rough, aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat produced
guiter or cana'iculation.
PLATE CLXXIX.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell yellowish, banded with ochreous, tip violet: whorls longi-
tudinally ribbed, and finely striated transversely.
MuREX ELEGANS: testa ovata flavescente ochreo-fasciata apice
violacea anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis trans-
versim minutissime striatis.
/
A very beautiful little shell, discovered by Miss Pocock on the
coast of Cornwall.
Peo. Uv.
MUREX SEPTEM-ANGULATUS.
SEVEN-ANGLED.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shell oblong, acute, pale, with seven longitudinal angles.
Murex SepTEM-ANGULATUs: testa oblonga acuta pallida longi-
tudinaliter septem-angulata.
This kind rarely occurs on our coasts. The specimens in our
possession are from Weymouth, Jt bears a strong affinity to
Murex costatus, plate XCIV. of this work, although it is certainly
distinct. Murex costatus is much more linear in the outline, and
has the ribs Jess prominent and acute than our Murex septem-
angulatus.
VOL. V. a
ae a
| ; A
Tae a if
: Bree
pa: ee i aon a ;
- "Mie * tale
; ' ‘ed :
; . meni i
a - pss ‘
) Ceti
= ihe ’
s b ‘
SONA) Ais
all
x pags ing le om
pe
"PLATE CLXXY.
MUREX DESPECTUS,
DESPISED MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat pro-
duced gutter, or canaliculation.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Tail patulous : shell oblong ; whorls eight, with two elevated lines.
Murex Despecrus: testa patulo-subcaudata oblonga: anfrachbus
octo lineis duabus elevatis. Linn. J¢. Wageoth.
200. tab. 5. f. 8.
The present shell, it must be tacitly acknowledged, is inserted
among the rarer shells of this country on very slight authority ;
namely, that of a friend, who believes he once saw a few
: specimens of this Mfurexv that were fished up in the sea at a short
distance to the north of the Orknies.—On this suspicion only we
12
PLATE CLXXxX.
could not have presumed to insert the species in this work, were it
not to avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by that means to cor-
rect an error very generally admitted concerning the true Murex
despectus of Linnzus, the shell at this time under confideration.
To the English conchologist it need be scarcely said, that another
shell, somewhat similar to the present, although specifically different,
has been hitherto received as the Murex despectus of Linnzus by
every writer in this country who has had occafion to speak of that shell.
The origin of this mistake, it will be perceived from the following
particulars, rests in a great measure, if not entirely, with Linnzus
himself. The Murex despectus of this writer is noticed, for the first
time, in the account of his Travels through part of Sweden:
a small oétavo volume written in the Swedish language, with notes,
relative to Natural History in Latin. At page 200, he describes this
shell in these words, ‘* cochlea spiris octo oblonga utrinque producta
lineis duabus elevatis,”’ referring to plate 8. fig. 5. of the same work for
a delineation of the shell; the figure quoted in every respect agrees
with our specimen, not only in the general outline, but most exactly
in having the slight carinated ridges that pass spirally round the
whorls, a character not observable on the Murex despectus of English
authors. So far therefore we are convinced that the present shell is
the Murex despectus of the Linnzan Jter Westrogothicum.
The work above mentioned appeared in 1746, the year in which
Linneus likewise published the first edition of his Fauna Suecica,
In the latter, Murex despectus is again described with a reference to
his Zter W. goth. and in addition to that synonym, a shell: figured
by Lister is also quoted for the same species. ‘This is the source of
that very confusion which has fince arisen concerning the Linnean
PLATE CLXXxx:
Despectus, and should be fully stated.—Lister’s Angl. t.3. fo... is )
the reference given by Linnzus Adverting to this we find the fol-
lowing definition of the’ shell given by Lister, ‘* Buccinum album
lzve maximum septem spirarum.”’—He further adds, in the general
description, ‘* Testz pars exterior ex tota levis est, i.e. sine striis
quamvis szpius vel rugis quibusdam vel aliis rebus extrinsecus adna-
tis exasperetur.”” From this account, and from the figure he has
given of the shell, there is not the smallest reason to dispute that
Lister means the shell which English writers have heretofore con-
sidered as the Murex Despectus*; but it is not less certain that
Linnzus was wrong in quoting Lister’s figure for his Swedish shell,
since they are not the same. However, on the authority of this
reference to Lister, which afterwards appeared in the Systema Nature,
this shell has continnued to be considered as the species meant by
Linnzus.
Nor was this the only oversight which appears to have been com-
mitted by that eminent Naturalist; by continuing to refer, in the
Systema Nature, to Lister’s figure for his species Despectus, no
one scarcely could imagine that Lister’s shell should be the M.
Antiquus of Linnzus, instead of his Despectus, and yet we are
persuaded, after attentively comparing his description of the shells
with his synonyms, that such is the fact : the description agrees with
it, and the figure given by Gualterz is surely of the same kind as that
which Lister speaks of.
The Linnzan shell, M. Despectus, is well described, and the
figure in his Zter. W. Goth. is expressive: the two elevated spiral
lines, together with the rotundity of the wreaths, are strikingly
* In Lister’s Plate the shell is reversed by mistake, most likely, of the engravers
ioe
PLATE CLXxXx,
characteristic of this Species. At the first glance this shell appears to be
an intermediate kind between Lister’s shell and the Murex Carinatus
of Pennant, and ourselves: mdeed the principal difference we perceive
between the true M. Despectus and Lister’s shell is, that the former
has the whorls of the spire rather more ventricose, and distinctly
marked with two slightly elevated spiral lines ; from Murex Carinatus
it differs principally in the very promment angulations of the anfrac-
éibus, where the ridges appear, and more particularly in the strong
depression between the upper ridge, and the suture of the whorls.
The Murex despectus, at pesent under consideration, is certainly
very rare, except in the North of Europe, where we are led to suppose,
from what Linnzus says, it is not uncommon.
The only specimens we have ever seen of this kind are from
Greenland.
HAVING thus ascertained, as we may reasonably believe, the
true Linnzean Murex Despectus, it remains in this, place to propose
the following emendations and additions to the description of two
Shells figured in the course of this work, namely, Murex Despectus,
Plate XX XI. and Antiquus, Plate CXIX. which, in common with
other testaceological writers, we had misconceived.
PLATE XIX.
MUREX DESPECTUS,
read —
MUREX ANTIQUUS.
ANTIQUATED MUREX,
Testa patulo-caudata oblonga: anfractibus octo teretibus. Linn.
Ln. Suec, 2165.
PLATE CXIX.
MUREX ANTIQUUS,
read
MUREX DUPLICATUS.
TUBERCULATED MUREX.
Dele reference to Linn. Fn. Suec. et Gmel. Syst. Nat.
and
add for the
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
Shell patulous, tailed, oblong: whorls eight, tuberculated, striated,
with two raised ridges.
MurEX DUPLICATUS: testa patulo caudata oblonga: anfractibus
octo striatis duplicato carinatis: carinis tubercu-
latis.
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INDEX
VOL. V.
LINNAAN ARRANGEMENT.
LLepas Tintinnabulum
borealis
Scalpellum
o———— anferifera
dilata «
Mya pictorum .
~—— pretenuis -
~ Solen pellucidus -
Tellina depressa
Mactra radiata -
Venus fasciatus -
lactea ©
Arca Noz# -
Pinna levis .
Voluta levis °
Buccinum Glaciale
o——— — brunneum
Murex despeccus
Bamfhus °
mmnmnonn CMACZiDatus
MULTIVALVIA.
BIVALVIA. CONCHA.
t74
176
153
163
16r
170
149
158
152
165
154
179
180
169
169
Figs
2,2
Murex septem-angulatus
moon elegans -
mmo angulatus
Trochus conicus -
ween CiNereus -
Turbo pallidus -
subulatus
acutus -
vittatus -
interruptus
costatus -
pallidus -
reticulatus - ~-
bE eae
albus °
Helix rufescens
em— pallida °
mmm hispida -
=e ericetorum
mem fragilis -
=—— fontinalis -
mem putris -
mee Bullzoides -
Nerita intricata -
Patella militaris -
oblonga :
nome INtorta 4
Dentalium octangulatum
Teredo navalis sw
xX.
Plate.
° = 179
; = 179
- - 156
- i 155
a << 155
- - 178
- - 172
. - 179
- - 178
= im 178
- = 178
- - 178
= = 159
~ = 177
* = 157
S - 157
- - 151
. = ISI
: a 175
= = 175
3 ° 168
- ° 168
. - 167
- * 171
- - 150
- - 146
» - 3162
Fig.
PWN Am
YB HD wm YP we ON
INDEX TO VOL. V.
ASCORDING TO THE
HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM
BRITANNIE or DA COSTA,
PAR? 1.
UNIVALVA NON TURBINATA.
GENUS 1. PATELLA. LIMPET, FLITHER, OR PAP SHELL.
Plate. Fig.
PatELva fuviatilis ‘ i 4 - 147
GENUS 3. SERPULA. THE WORM SHELL.
Serpula Tereda = « ~ - - - 145
SND Oe a
PART IIL.
UNIVALVIA TURBINATA.
GENUS 7. TROCHUS. THE Top.
MARINA. SEA:
Plate. Figs
Trochus cinereus » - * - 355 3
GENUS 9. HELIX.
* TERRESTRES. LAND..
Helix Erica © - - - - 15%
om hispida ° = = - - 151 E
wees rufesccns - - = e 157
** FLUVIATILES. RIVER.
Turbotrianfractus <= = ° - = 168 5
GENUS 12. STROMBIFORMIS. NEEDLE SNAIL.
Strombiformis albus ba = o * An 177
t
ORDER 2.
BIVALVES.
GENUS 7, PECTUNCULUS. COCKLE.
Plate. _— Fig
Pectunclus fasciatus ~ ~ = - 17°
MULTIVALVES,
\ GENUS 17. BALANUS. ACORN.
Balanus Tintinnabulum > - - - 148
ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. V.
AcuTA, Turbo - :
albus, Turbo -
angulatus, Mttex - -
anferifera, Lepas - <
Bamffius, Murex -
borealis, Lepas -
brunneum, Buccinum -
Bullzoides, Helix -
cinereus, Trochws -
costatus, Turbo - -
conicus, Trochus - -
depressa, Tellina (Squalida)
despectus, Murex - -
dilata, Lepas - .
elegans, Murex - -
emarginatus, Murex -
Ericetorum, Helix -
fasciatus, Venus -
fontinalis, Helix - -
fragilis, Helix = e
glaciale, Buccinum 2
hispida, Helix -
interruptus, Turbo =
intorta, Patella -
intricata, Nerita (Canrena war ?)
lactea, Venus - =
lacustris, Patella -
levis, Pinna. (Ingens Penn ?)
levis, Voluta -
mammillatus, Turbo -
militaris, Patella -
navalis, Teredo -
Now, Arca - -
160
379
16%
155
178
155
163
130,
164..
179
169
151
170
175
175
154
15r
178
146
167
149
147
152
165
173
171
145
158
Fige
“ww 8 wv» Nn
I, 2
Plate.
oblonga, Patella - . « - - 150
octangulatum, Dentalium = = = a 162
pallida, Helix . > - - = I597
pallida, Turbo - - “- = 178
pellucidus, Solen - - - - 153
Pictorum, Mya - - - - 174
pretenuis, Mya - - - - 176
putris, Helix - eat me, Wo - 168
radiata, Mactra - - . on - 164
reticulatus, Turbo - « - - 159
rufescens, Helix - - - = 157
‘scalpellum, Lepas £ Seats bide - - 166
septem-angulatus, Murex 3 the fusend 3 * 179.
subulatus, Turbo - - - - - 172
Tintinnabulum, Lepas == fe os = 148
vittatus, Turbo - r - - - 17%
FINIS,
a re
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