A new survey of the West-Indies. : Being a journal of three thousand and three hundred miles within the main land of America.

v-y,

A New Survey of the

WEST-INDIES:

BEING.,

A Journal of Three thonfand and Three hundred Miles
-within the main Land of

A M E R I C A.

By THO GA GE , fyt Ottty tiffltimt tW toag

Wt fméími to fcatje mum tfjofc $avt$ .

Setting forth
His Voy age from Spain to S. Johnäettllua : and thence
to Xahpa,Tlaxcafla? the City of Angels, and
MEXICO: With a Defcription of that great
City, as in former times , and atprefent.
LIKEWISE,
His Journey thence through Guaxaca^ Chiapa^Gnate*
mala, Vera Ta^&c. vrith his abode XII. years about
Guatemala. His wonderfullConverfion and Calling to
hisNative Country: With his Return through Nica-
ragua and Cojh Rica, to Nicoya^ Tanama , Tort a hello,
Cartagena, and Havana .

WITH
An Account of the Spanifh Navigation, thither •, their
Government, Caftles, Ports^Commodities, Religion,
Priefts and Friers, mgro\0Mulattfo, Meflifo'sjn dibits^
and their Feafts and Solemnities.
With a G KAMMA %, or fome few Rudiments of
the In atan Tongue, called Taconchi or Tacoman-.

The 4th Edition enkr£d by the Author y with an accurate Map .

L CXD CW ^ Printed by Benj. Mfitte ¿or Tho.Borne,
at the South -Entra nee of the T^yallExchange, 17 n.

To the Reader.

TBe Divine Provident hath hitherto fo
ordered my Ufe 9 that for M greatest part
thereof 1 have lived ( as it wer* ) in exile
from my native Countreyi which happened, part-
ly, b reafonofmy Education in the <%$mi(h S¡¿-
ligion, andthatinforein Universities-, and part-
ly,by my entrance into Monaftical Orders. For
twelve years f pace of which time, I was wholly
difpofed of in that part of America called New
Spain, and the parts adjacent. My difficult
going thither not being permitted to any, but to
thofe of the Spaniih Nation ; my long flay
there-, and lajlly my returning home, not only
to my Country, but to the true knowledge and
free profejfmn of the Go/pels furity, gave me
reafon to conceive, That theft great mercies wen
not appointed me by the Heavenly Vomers, to
the end 1 fhould bury my Talant in the earth, or
hide my light under a hufhel, but that I fhould
impart what 1 there f aw and knew to the uje and
benefit of my Baglifli Countrey-men : And
which the rather I held my f elf obliged unto, h*
cm^e in a manner nothing hath ken written of

Mi $$*

To the Reader.

thfVatufor thefe hundred years M paff
whtcbts almejí ever fiKe tin f fir ft Cotltl

f the honour <ftbat wealth and felicity the,
bave.there fee purchafedhy their LatiTl

«amy. In domg whemfl ^ J

ZhÍe i T aS mCh Wrf"" ^«tfolZl
bahjeen hereupon wmten, as the fdure of a

ZÍZkfnfV ^'M, from that did

the lajl hand of the fainter, to the firft or rou/h
draught of the ^ure. To m/countrylL

S*t of thir future Pains, Valour and <Piety

Z? thf aCC^ance °f this t]™ b»t faithful
Ration of mm, therein the Englift KaHon
may fee what wealth and honour they have M
by the overfight offing Henry Vif. who k

"ZfmT' mr abomdmz inríchí> **»*-

mtbjtandmg unfortunately rejeB the offer of he-
mgfirft U/coyerer of America, and ¡eft it to
Fcrdmando ^Aragón, who at the fame time
m wholly taken up by the Wars, in gaining of •

the

To the Reader.

the City and Jfyngdom of Granada from the
}Aooxs-, being foimpoverifhed thereby , that he
was compelled to borrow with jome difficulty a
few Crowns of a very mean many to fet forth
Columbus upon fo glorious an Expedition.
And yet, if time were clofely followed at the heels
we are not fo far behind, but we might yet take
him by thefore4op. To which purpofe our <Plan*
tations of the Barbadoes, St. Chriftophers,
Mevis, and the reft of the Caribe-Iflands have
not mly advanced our journey the better part of
the way 5 but fo inured our people to the Clime
of the Indies, as they are the more enabled there**
by to undertake any enterprife upon the firm
Land with greater facility. Neither is the dif-
ficulty fo great as fome may imagine ; for 1 dare
be bold to affirm it knowingly. That with the
fame pens and charge which they have been at in
planting one of thofe i petty Iflands, they might
have conquered fo many great Cities and large
Territories on the main Continent, as might very
■ well merit the Title of a Kingdom. Our Neigh-
bours the Hollanders may be our example in
thiscaJe,whowhilfiwe haVebeen driving a pri-
vate Trade from <Port to fort, of which we are
now likely to be deprived, have conducted fo much

Land

,

To the Reader.

Land in the Eaft and Weft-Indies, that it may
bejaidofthem, as of the Spaniards, That the
Sun never fees upon their Dominions. Jnd
to meet with that ObjeBion by the way, That
the Spaniards being entituled to thofe Coun-
tries, it were both unlawful andagainft all
confcience rodifpoflefs him thereof. I an-
fwer, that ( the Popes Donation excepted) I how
no title he had but Force, which by the fame title
and by a greater force, may be repelled. Jnd to
bring m the title of Firft Difcovcry, to me it
feems as little reafon, that the failing of a Spa.
mlh Ship upon the Coafi of India, {baud entitle
the E^tng of "Spain to that Countrey, as the fail-
ing of an Indian or Engliih Ship upon the Coaft
of Spam, fhould entitle either the Indians or
Engliih unto the Dominion thereof. No que-
ftion but the ju /r%/;t or Title to thofe Countries
appertains to the Natives themfelves;whoifthey
¡hall willingly and freely invite the Engliih to
their Protection, what Title foeVer they have in
them, no doubt but they may legally transfer it
or communicate it to others. Jnd to fay that the
inhumane Butchery which the Indians did for-
merly commit infacrificing of fo many reafonable
Creatures to their wicked Jéis, was a fuficient

warrant

To the Reader

warrant for the Spaniards to diveft them of their
Country ; The fame Argument may by much let-
ter reafon be enforced againft the Spaniards
themf ehes, who have facrificed /o many millions
o/Indians to the Idol of their barbarous^ cruelty,
that many populous I/lands and large Territories
upon the main Continent, are thereby at this day
utterly uninhabited, as Barthoiomeo de las
Cafas íkSpaniíh fBiflhop of Guaxaqtiw New
Spain, hath by his Writings in Print fufficiently
teflified. But to end all difputes of this nature 5
ftnce that God hath given the earth to the f am of
Men to inhabit ; and that there are many Va(t
Countries in thofe parts, not yet inhabited either
by Spaniards or Indian, why fbould my Country-
men the Englifli be debarred from making ufe of
that which God from all beginning, no cjueflion^
did ordain for the benefit of Mankind ?

lot oniy .....

MB

Chap. I.

NEW SURVEY

i

OF THE

Weft-Indies.

G HA P. L

How Rome doth yearly viftt tht ?' American and
Afian Kingdoms.

H E Policy, which for many years hath
upheld the erring Church oí Rome, ha;h
clearly and manifeftly been d i (covered by
the many Errors which in Te ver al times
by fundry Synods or General Councils,
(which commonly are but Apes oí the
Popes fancy, will, pleafure, a. id ambition ) have been
enacied into that Church. And for fuch purpofes doth ,
that man of Sin, and Antichriftian Tyrant, keep conftaritty
in Rome fo many poor Peniionary Biihops as hounds at his
Table fmelling out his ambitious thoughts, with whom he
fills the Synods, when he calls them, charging them never
to leave off barking and wearing out the re it of the Pre-
lates, till they have them ail as a prey unto bis proud -and
ambitious defigns ; from which if any of them dare to ftartj
not only their penfioua, íhall be íürely forfeited, but their
^ B foul*

* A New Survey Chap. I.

w.m a Ueniure of Excommunication lot* fentaitU. Hence
fpmng .hat Mjlter piece of Policy, decree ng that the Pone
one Mans „lde might be curbed b ma ¿ >«=

Poto' AnÍfeco,nály>, th» Synodica! definition,\hat h£
Pope cannot Err, that though the Councils power, wifdom
and iearnmg were all fífted int0 one mans brain, JpoZ
of faith foamed into onehead and channel , yet' the people
fli uld not lugger inanv lawful doubt,, nor the Learned fort

Gofel7 T ,hf ,'i8ht °f *"*>"> 4 *■* f-fcine of the
, trofpd, but all yielding ,0 blind Obedience, and their moll

Sonne tí: ? ?Ä? ***& and ^iSf
ignorance, might fecure tneir fouls from Erring or devi*
<>ng to the Scjtta or CaryhdU of Schifm and Set Ä
(udraous eye, that will not be blinded with the napkin of
ignorance, doth not eaffiy fee that Policy onlv 3, L Q
«* *irf Aft* of thoie dLnabkoSLÄgaior
Traníubrtantiaüon, Sacrifice though T unbloody SS
termit) of the Mafs, Invocation of Saints their Canon?
«non o.- Intoning of Saints into the Kingdom of He ve '
Indulgences, Auncular Confeffion, with fatisfaftor, Pe!
nance, and many fuch like: All which doubtleft have been
commanded as points of Faith, not fo much to fav7thefe

concei.s of his European wonderers, who long ago were
efp.ed out by the bpiritof >¿„ wondring affertheBeaft
worfhtppmghim for his power, and faying mTuiil
ft»* BeaflM, U able » lak m,Jbti%™"J*
Tons can Policy invent a Purgatory, that a Pope maybe'

J«fcr, to deliver fouls from that imaginary Fire which
God never created, but he himfelf hath fancied thTfo
nwch glory may beafcribed to him,and hispower wL red
at woo car, plunge into torments, condemn wbS
and when he hft deliver out of fire. Much more would
he w admired, and his goodnefs extolled, if he would
dcl.»er at once all thofe hiS Purgatory Priíóners without

the

Chap. I. of the Weft-Indies.1 3

the Simoniacal receipt of mony. But Policy can afford an
infinite price and value of a Sacrifice of the Mafs, to delude
the ignorant people, that though they leave their whole
eftates to enrich IGloifters, and fat proud Prelates and
Abbots •, yet this is nothing, and comes far ihort ( being
finite ) to that infinite Sacrifice) which only can and muit
deliver their fcorching, nay broiling fouls : And if this!
infinite Sacrifice be not enough, ( which will notbe enough,
whereas Ghrifts infinite fatisfa&ion was not enough in the
opinion of that erroneous Church ) Policy will give yet
power to a Pope, fi divit¡& ajfiuant, if mony and rich
bribes abound, to grant fuch plenary Indulgences, which
may upon one Saints day, or at fuch a Saints Altar,, work
that foul out, which lyeth lurking and frying in the deepeit
pit of Purgatory. O who is like unto the Beaft i But will
thofethat wonder at him, be alfo wondered at as workers
of Wonders and Miracles > Policy will give power to a
Pope to Canonize fuch, andfet them at Guds right hand,
fit to be prayed unto, and called upon as Judges of our
neceffitics, and Auditors of our wants : But this honour
muí* be given, after that the whole College of Cardinals
have been clothed with new Purple Robes, and Loads oí
mony brought to the Court of Kerne *, Witnefs thofe many
thoufand pounds, which the City oiBarcelona1 and the
whole Country of Catalonia fpent in the Canonizing of
Raimundos de Pennafort, a Dominican Fryer: Witnefs at
leaft ten Millions, which I have been credibly informed,
that the Jefuits fpent for the Canonization of their two
Twins, Ignatius Loiola, and Francifcus Xavier^ whom they
call the Eaft- India Apofile. And it is not feven years ago
yet that it was my chance to Travel from Frankfird in Ger-
many as far as Mihin in company of one Fryer John B apt ¡ft
a Francifcan, who told me, That was the fourth time of
his going to Rome from Valentia'mtht Kingdom of Arragotr
in Spain about the Canonization of -one John Capiftrsnq of
the fame Order i and that betides, the great alms which he
had begged over many Countries, ( and in that journey
went purpofely to Injftorgio the Prince Lespoldú for his Alms
B % aft I

JKeu> Survey Ghap. h

£

4

and Letters of Commendation to the Pope and Cardinals)
he had fpent ot the City of Valentía only five thoufand
Duckets, and yet was not his Saint enthroned, as hedefired
in Heaven * but «ill mony was wanting, and more de-
manded for the Dignifying with a Saints Title, him who
had lived a Mendicant arid begging Fryer. Thus are tfiofe
blinded Nations brought by Policy to run to Rome with
Kicn Treafures, and thus do they ftrive who ihallhave moft
Saints of their Country or Nation, though impoverishing
•themfelves, whilft at Rome Ambition and Policy fay not
It is enough, fit mates for theHorfleech his two Daughters'
crying Give, give, Frov. 30. 15. Give, fay they, and the
rigid Penance juttly to be impofed upon thee for thy fins
moft hamous, (hall be extenuated and made e^fie for thee.
Give, fay they, and thou (halt bedifpenfed with to marry
thy neareft Kinfwoman or Kinfman. It would be a lone
itory to infert here how the Popes Policy fucks out of
England our Gold and filver for the Authorizing of our
Papifts pnvate Chambers and Altars for the gaining of
indulgence in them, and delivering of fouls out of Purga-
tory, when Malíes are faid and heard at them. Thus hath
]Wr Policy blinded and deceived many of the European
Kingdoms i and with the fame greedinefs gapes ztApa and
America. Who would not admire to fee that at this day in
America only, the Popes Authority and ufurped power is
extended to as many Countries as all Europe contains,
wherein no Religion but meer blind Obedience and Subje-
ction to that Man of Sin is known.? And dayly may it
more and more encreafe, whereas the King of Spain glory-
efh to have received from the Pope power over thofe King-
doms far greater than any other Princes of Europe 'have
enjoyed from him. But the pity is, that what power thefe
Princes haves they much acknowledge it from R«, having
given their own power and firength to the Beaft Rez/. 17. 13.
iuifering themfelves to be diverted of any Ecclefiafiica!
power over the Clergy, and unabled to tender any Oath of
Supremacy and Allegiance to their own and natural Sub-
lets, only fo far as his Holinefs ihall give them power.
., Which,

Chap: L of tbeWdi-lndki. y

Which, Policy fwce the firft Conqueft of the We$-Indtaf>
and Ambition to advance the Popes name, hath granted
to the Kings of Spain, by á fpecial Title, naming thofe
Kingdoms, E/ Patrimonio Real, The Royal Patrimony »
upon this Condition, that the King of Spain muft main-
tain there the Preaching of the Gofpel,Fryers,Prieftsand Je-
fuits to Preach it, with all the Erroneous Popiíh Do&rines i
which tend to the advancement of the Popes Glory, Power,
and Authority. So that what power he hath diverted bim-
felf of, and invefled the Pope with , what poweH>ther Prin-
ces are divefted of, and the King of Spain'm his Kingdoms
of Europe, from medling in EccleiiaiUcal affairs, or with
Ecclefuftical men i Arch Biftiops, Biihops, Priefts, Jefuits,
Monks and Fryers ; that fame power by way of Royal Patri-
mony is conferred upon him in the India's only. And this
only Politickly to maintain their Popery jelfe never would
it have fo much increafed there > for poor Priefts and Mendi-
cant Fryers would never have had means enough to be at
the charges of fending yearly Flocks and Sholes of Fcyers
thither, neither to keep and maintain them there» neither
would the Covetoufnefs of the Popes themfelves have af-
forded out of their full and Rich Treafures, means fuffi-
cient for the maintaining of fo many thoufand Preachers as
at this day are Preaching there, more Rome and Antichrifts
name, than name of Chrift and the truth of the Gofpeh
And Policy having thus opened away to thofe American parts,
the charges being thus laid upon the Crown of Spain, and
the honour of a Royal Patrimony, with power over the
Clergy thus conferred upon the Kings of Spain > how doth
the Pdj5e yearly charge theCatholick King with Troops of
Jefuits and Fryers to be conveyed thither ? Now the Jefuics
( the beft Scholars oiRomts Policy ) feeing this to be thus
fetled between the Pope and the King of Spain,ioi the
increafing of their Order, and to fupprefs the increafe of
other Religious there, have thought firft of a way of chal-
lenging all the India's to themfelves, alledging that Francis
Xavierius companion of Ignatius Loiola was the firft Preacher
that ever Preached in the Eafi-Indi(ff, and fo by right that
B 3 they

6 J New Survey Ckp. I.

they being of his profeflion ought only to be fent thither»
But this their way being flopped by the oppofition of all
other Religious Orders, efpecially by thefolicitation of one
Fryer Diego CeOiado, a Dominican, as hereafter I will ihew
more largely. Now, fecondly, their Policy is to lean more
to the Popes of K<oe, than any other of thofe Orders, by a
fpecial Vow which they make above the three Vows of other
Orders, Poverty, Chaftity,and Obedience to their Superiors >
to wit, to be always ready to go to Preach when or whither
foever-the Pope ihall fend them, and to advance his name,
defend his )power in what parts foever,_maugre whatfoever
danger, or oppofition. Thus though the remotencfs of
America may difcourage other Orders from going thither to
Preach, and their free-will which is left unto them to make
choice of fo long and tedious a journey may retard their
readinefs and the dangers of the Barbarians unwillingnefs
to fubmit toa Popes power, and admit of a new Religion
as fuperfiitious as their own , may affright them from
hoarding their lives among a Barbarous, Rude, and Idola-
trous people* yet if all others fail, the Pope, and the
Jefuits being thus agreed, and the King of Spain bound
by the new Royal Patrimony, Preachers have not, nor ihall
ever be warding in thofe parts; And inflead of the old
Jefuits and Preachers grown in age, yearly are fent thither
Millions ( as they call them ) either of Voluntiers, Fryers
Mendicants, Priefts or Monks, or elfe of forced Jefuits:
All which entring once into the Lift and Bond or Miiliona-
nes, muft abide there, and be maintained by the King of
Spain ten years. And whofoever before the ten years ex-
pired, iliall defire to fee Spain again, or runagate-like ihall
return, may be contained ( if taken in Spain ) to return
again to the Indias, as it happened whilft I lived in thofe
parts, to one Fryer fettrde Balcazar a Dominican, who
privily flying back to Spain, was the year after (hipped, and
reiiored again to his forced fer vice under the Pope oí Rome.
And thus doth Policy open the ways to thofe remote and
forain parts of America. Thus hath Policy wrought upon
the King of Spain ', and Jcfuitical Policy meeting with

Anti-

Chap. IL of the Weft- Indies. 7

Antichrifts Policy and Ambition, doth Rome yearly vifit her
new nuifed Children, greeting that Infantile Church of Jfia
and America with Troops of Melfepgers one after another,
like féet MeiTengers, bringing under pretence of Salvation,
Damnation and mifery to their poor and wretched fouls.

Chap. II.

Shewing that the Indians Wealth under a pretence of
their Converfion hath corrupted the hearts of
poor begging Fryers, with Strife, Hatred and
Ambition*

IT is a moft true and certain faying, Odia Kefyhmm fitnt
acerhijfima, hatred grounded in points and^iffcrences
of Religion ( let me add, if Ambition blow the fire to that
hatred) is themoft bitter and uncapable of reconciliation.
Nay,it is an obfervation worth noting of feme ( fee Doctor
T>ay upon i Cor. \6\ 9 ) that the nearer any are unto a con»
junction in matters of Religion, and yet fome difference re-
tained, the deeper is the hatred ; as he obferves, a Jewjiates
a Chriftian far worfe than he doth a Pagan, or a Turk \ a
Papift hates a Proteftant worie than he doth a Papift. No
fuch hatred under Heaven ( faith he ) as that between a For-
malin, and a Puritan, whereof our now Domcihck and
Civil Wars may be a fad and wofui experience. A truth
which made Paul burft out into a lamentable complaint,
1 Cor, 16. 9. faying, A great door and effe&nal is opened unto
me) and there are many adversaries*

And as when the door of true Faith once is opened, then
Adverfaiies begin to (warm and rage i fo in all points of
falfe and feigned Religion, where the entrance to it is laid
open, hatred and enmity will a& their parts. But much
more if with fuch pretended Religion, Wealth and Am hi-
fi 4 l¡on

T

8 A Km Survey Chap. II.

tion asCou nterfeit Mates thruft hard to enter at the opened
door, what Strife, Hatred, and Envy do they kindle even in
the hearts of fuch who have Vowed Poverty and the Con-
tempi of Worldly Wealth i I may add to what hath beenob-
fei ved above, that no Hatred is comparable to that which is
between a Jefuit and aFryer,orany other of Rome/ Religi-
ous Orders i And above all yet, between a Jefuit, and a
Dominican. The Ambition and Pride of Jefuits, is inconti-
nent in a Kingdom or Common- wealth with any, fuch as
may be equal to them in Preaching, Counfel or ¿earning.
Therefore ftrive they fo much for the Education of Gentle-
mens Children in their Colleges, that by Teaching the Sons,
the love of the Fathers and Mothers may be moreeafily
gained : and. their love and good will thus gained, they may
withal gain to themfelves whatfoever praife, honour, glo-
ry may be fit to beÜowed upon any other Eccleííáítical
Perfon. Which Policy and Ambition in them being fo
patent and known to all the World, hath (hired up in all

0 e Religions a Hatred to them uncapable ever of Recon-
n'iarion. This hath made them all to conipire againft
lli :m, and to difcover their unfatisfied Covetoufnefs in be-
guiling the rich Widows of what means hath been left them
by their deceafed Husbands, to Ereéi and Build thofe ítately
Colleges beyond the Seas, the fight whereof both outward
and inward doth draw the Ignorant People to refortmore
to their Churches and Preaching than to any other. Thus
whiles in Venice they got the favour of one of the chief
Senators of chat Common- wealth, they Politlckly drew
him to make his Will according to their will and plcafurej
leaving to his Son and Heir no more than what they ihould
think fit to afford hiro. But they appropriating to them-
feives the chfefcft pari of the young Heirs Means, and with
fo proud a Legacy thinking to overpower all other Orders,
were by them oppofed fo, that the Will was called for by
the whole State and Senators of Venice, fully examined,
and they commanded toreñoretothe Heir the whole Eflate
as enjoyed by his Father, Well did that wife Senate con-
ceive, that as one Noble man had been Cheated by them of

1 his

Chap. II. of the WeiUndies, 9

his Fortunes, fo might they oneby one, and fo at length the
Riches of Venice might become a Treafure only for Jefuits
¿o maintain the Pride and Pomp of their Glorious Fabricks.
And though thofe Vowed Servants to the Pope obtained his
Excommunication againft the ^eEftateof Venue upon
nomcomplying with the aforefaid Will and Teftament -,
ye"furwaysthe Preaching of all other Priefts and Orders
againft them, that they caufed the State to flight the Ex-
communication, and in lieu of making them Hens of the
deceafed Senator's Eftate, they íhamefully Baniihed them out
of Venice. Thus alfo have the Prieftsand Fryers oí Btfcay*
in Spain prevailed againft the admitting of Jefuits into
San-Sebaftian, though by the favour of /omethey have m
feveral occafions obtained an houle and ereäed a Bell to
Ring and fummon in the people to their pretended Church
and College. Nay the very houfe whereing their Patron
hnatm Loiola lived, have they often ferioufly offered to
buy for a College *, yet fuch hath been the oppofition of the
Priefts and Fryers of that Country, that they have dafoed
to nought their often iterated endeavours to purchafe that
which they efteem their chiefeft Relick, But to come nearer
to our own Country, what a combuftion did this ftrife be-
tween Jefuits and other Priefts of England caufe .among
our Papifts ten years ago, when the Pope fending into
England Do&or Smith patented Biihop of Cbalcedon to
be the Metropolitan head over all the Clergy and other
Orders, how then was it to fee the pride of the Jefuits as
inconfiftent with any one that might overfway them, or gain
more credit than themfeives? who never left perfecting
the Biihop, till by the Popes Letters they had Baniihed
him out of England. Which curtefie, the Secular Priefts
gaining yet a head over them with Title of Arch-deacon,
Do&or Champney, have ever lince fought to repay home,
by endeavouring always to caft them out of England, as per-
nicious to the State of this Kingdom, more then Fryers or
any otherfort of Priefts i Which they have fufficiently made
known by difcoveiing their Covetoufnefs in encroaching
upon many Houles and r arms, enriching themfelves, as

namely

9* 4 TSlew Survey Chap, lí,

namely at Whuff* Well f fo termed by them ) where they
had brought an Inn, and fpeedily fell to building there thai
they m,ght make it a College for Jefuits to entertain there
all Papifts comers and goers to that well, and io might win
to ^hemielves the hearts of moft of the Papifts of the Land
who do yearly reiort thither to be waihed and Healed upon
any ,ght occafion either of Head-ach, Stomach-ach, Ague,
Sf AM?* they blindly phanfie a'fpeedy
Remedy for all Maladies, or wants of this World. Thus
have the Priefts difcovered further our Engüíh Jeíuits Cove-
toufnefs in building of Sope-houfes at Lambeth under the
«ameofMr.GWrge.G^theirPurfe.bearer,and fince pro-
l- ¿"5, » ^ony°]y of Sope under Sir Richard JVefion,
bitBafilBroo^ and many others names, who were but Agents
and Traders with the Jefuits Rich and Mighty Stock. Thus
came out the diicovery of the Levelling of Hills and Moun-
tains, Cutting of Rocks at Leige in the Low Countries at the
College of the EngliOi Jefuits, a Work for Gardens and
Orchards for their Novices Recreation and Paftime, which
f as I have heard from their own mouths J coa them thirty
thoufand pound, which Gift they fqueezed out of one only
Countefs of this Land. Like to this may prove their Col-
lege at Gaunt^ot which they have obtained already a fair
beginning of eight thoufand pounds from the Old Countefs
of Shrewsbury, and from the greateft part of the Eftate of
Mr. Sackefield, whom while they had him in their Colleges,
they cherifted with their beft Dainties, and with hopes that
one day he mould be a Canonized Saint of their Religious
Order. All thefe Knaveries do even thofe Priefts of the
fame Popiih Religion difcover of them, and thereby en-
deavour to make them odious. And though of all tt\Q
Jefuits be the moft Covetous, yet may I not excufe the Se-
cular Priefts, Benedictine Monks, and the Fryers from this
Damnable Sin i who alfo ftrive for Wealth and Means for
their Voway, Paris and Lisbon Colleges, and lofe no oppor-
tunities at the death of their Popiih Favorites for the ob-
taining a Legacy of one or two hundred pounds, alluring
them their fouls (hall be the better for their Maffcs. Thus

do

Shap. H. of the WcíMndies. ti

lo thofe miferable wretches in the very heat of theis Zeal
Á fouls fcek to fupprefs one another, and having Vowtd
>overty, yet make they the Converfion of England the only
>bje& of their Ambition and unfatiablc Covetoufnefs.
5ut above all is this Envy and Hatred found between Do.
ninicans and Jefuitsjor thefe owe unto them an old grudge,
or that when Ignatius Loida lived, his Doäme de trtmtate
' which he pretended was revealed to him from Heaven, for
le was certainly paft the Age of ftudying at his Converfipn )
wasqudttonedby the Dominicans, and he by a Church
Cenfure publickly and (hamefully whipped about their
Cloifters for his Erroneous Principles. This affront done to
their chief Patron hath ftirred up in them an unreconcihble
hatred towards the Order of the Dominicans, and hath
made them even crack their brains to oppofe 'íbamos Aquinoi
his Docliine. How (hamefully do thofe two Orders en-
deavour the deftru&ion of each other, branding one ano-
ther with Calumnies of Herefie, in the Opinions efpecially
de Comtptiom Mari*? dt libero Arbitrio, de AuxiliU ? And
of two, the Jefuit is more bold and obíünate in Mahce
and Hatred. How did they fome twenty years ago, all
Spain over, about the Conception of Mary, ftii up the people
againft the Dominicans, in fo much that they were in the
very ftreets termed Hereticks, ftones caft at them, the King
almoft perfwaded to Baniíh them out of all his Dominions,
and they poor Fryers forced to fland upon their guard in
their Cloifters in many Cities, efpecially in Sew/, Ofuna,
Antiquera and Cordova, to defend themfelves from the
rude and furious multitude. Much like this was tha';
publick Conference and Difputation between Valenth che
Jefuit and Mafter Ltmos the Dominican, before í he pope,
concerning their altercation^ Auxilivs i When die cunning
Jefuit hoping to Brand with HereGe the whole Older of
Dominicans, had caufed Augujiines Works to be falfly
Printed at Lions, whith fuch words which might dire&ly
oppofe the Tbomifts Opinion > and had prevailed, had not
Lemos begged of the Pope that the Original Books of Auflin
might be brought out of his Vatican Library, where was

found

M JNemSttney Chap. ft

had caufed to be Printed > he was forced to confefs h s
Knavery was harfhly reprehended, and with the apprehen-
fipnof that great affront, the next night gave up his ghott to
ks father, the father of !ies and falíhood? &

Another reafon of this mortal enmity between thefe two
Orders, is fouhat the Jefuits furpafs all others in Ambition
of honour, credit and efiimation, whence it is they can-
not mdure to behold the Dominicans exceed them in any
Fcfocnent. Now it is Ehat by the Lawsof Arragon and
the Kingdom mgm> the Kings oí Spam are fyed to
have a Dominican Fryer for their confeíTor or Ghoftlv Fa-
ther* which could bur the Jefuits obtain, how would
they then Rule and govern Spain and the Kings heart > But
-.thcmgn they could never yet prevail to alter this Eftabíiíhed
Law, yet nave they prwailed now lately fo that Antonio de
^^«•theKingof^^M/Conféiroríhouldlieat reft in
theCourtofM^ri^^ithaPenibnand dry Title only
and that flonntia that grand Statiil Oiould be Confeffor to
the Count of Olivare,, the Royal ífíue, che Queen, and

%Sía^KfÍS Confeffiorss oftner than his Chofen
and Elected ConfeíTor Sotonuyor- Secondly, the Domini-
cans asfarft Authors of the Inquifaion ( which they prove
from their Martyr Feter of Verona) filll enjoy the higheft
Places of that Court, which is a woful light to the Jefuits
to fee their Religion-afifairs handled, their Church kept
pmt from what they call Herefieby any but themfelves. O
had they ( as they have often ftrove for it ) in their hands
the judicature of (hat Tribunal, howJhould all Dominicans
nay a!} forts of Priils but their own, prefently by them be'
Branded with Herefie ? Thirdly, in Rome there is another
preferment fucceilively due to Dominicans from the time of
'Dominio* de Guzman Founder of that Religion, to wit
to be Magtfer Sacri Palatii, the Popes Palace Matter infii'
tued to this purprfc, that about him there may be fome
Learned Divine ( for commonly the Popes are mere Statifts
and Canonifts, than Divines ) to read a dayly Le&ureof
Divinity to inch as will be inttru&ed therein, and to icfol ve

the

¡hap. II. of the Weft-Indies; i }:

ie Pope himfelfof whatfoever difficult Points in Divinity
iav be qucftioncd. This is the Dominicans due with *
'enfion to maintain a Coach and Servants within the Palace
I St. Feter Which the Jefuits ka$e often by favour and
unninet Jefuitical tricks endeavoured to bereave the Domi-
nicans of i but proving labour in vain, they continue ftill in
heir unplacable enmity and hatred agaioft them. And
bus you fee the fountains of their ftrife > which as here in
Europe hath been well feen, fo hath this contentious tire over-
powered the fire cf their Zeal of fouls in the Eafi and mfc
Indias ; and the Wealth and Riches of thofe Countries,
the Ambition of honour in their Gofpel Fun&ion hath mote
powerfully drawn them thither, than ( what they pretend)
the Convcrfion of a Barbarous and Idolatrous Nation. This
was well publiihed to the view of the whole World by a
moft infamous Libel which in the year 1626. Fryer Viego M
Coüiado a Miffionaiy Fryer in Pbilippinas and Japan fa out o*
the unheard of paflages *nd proceedings of the Jefuits in
thofe Eaftern parts. At that time the Jeiuits pretended,
that Million to themfelves only, and Petitioned the King
of Spain, that only they might go thither to Preach, having
been the firft Plantation of Francifus Xavier, and fines
continued fucceffively by their Priefts. To this purpofe they
remember the Ring of the great charges he was at in fend-
ing fo many Fryers, and maintaining them there \ all which
ihould be faved, might they only have the ingrefs into that
l* Kingdom. All which charges they offered themfelves to
bear, and further to bring up the Indians in the true Faiih?
to inftruefc them and Civilize them, to teach them all Li-
beral Sci„nces,and to perfect them in Mufick and all Mu~
ileal Initruments, and in Fencing, Dancing, Vaultings
Painting, and whatfoever elfe might make them a Com-
pleat and Civil people. But again ft all tins was objected by
Diego Caliiado, that not Zeal only and Charity moved them
'to this offer, but their Ambition and Covetoufntfs, which
would foon be feen in their encroaching upon the filly and
(imple Indians Wealth h bringing ¡nuances of many thoufand
pounds which they had fqueez'd from the poor Barhmns

*4 A New Survey Chap. It

in the Iflands of HiUppinas ; And that their entring into
Japan was more to enrich themfelves, than to Convert "he
fe ^toChriftianifrn ¡ that whenever they entred nto
the Kingdom they conv^ írom Mamila whole ihipsladen
w.th the ncheft Commodities of thofe iflands-, ha^ their
Trading was beyond all other Merchants Trading, the r
Bene* for exchange mony far more aecuñomed than any

»¿1r TÍ ¿ 1CTy h,mfdf madeufe ofnone other, but

£' i, 7 3t t0 ^^ a" °thcr °rders oat of Ja pa,

fhey had ingratiated themfel.es fo far, under pretence of

CíoctVbi? t'^fl!^ by gifts of Watches,
Clocks Dials, Locks, and Cabinets, and fuch like pre'

ÍÍ uj Crn0US and Artificial Workmanihip, that
they had got free iccefi to his Court, and Counfdled
him to beware of Fryers, which cunningly crept into his
Kmgdomro Preach a New Law, perilading" him g
tigoroUs fearch and inquines to* root them out; thus
PolKKkly for their own ends hindering the increafe of
Chriftianifm by any means or ¡nftruments fave themíelves v
and 6hndmg the Emperors eyes with their cunning ir,-
finuations, that he might not fee in them, what they
defiredhem,ghtdifcover in others, that they might ap-
pear m Sheepskins, and others clothed with Wolves
skins i and fo the Fryers might have little heart to Trade
but enough to do to fave themfelves from the ftormy per-
fection whi Iff they freely might enjoy the liberty of
rich lradmg. Tnis Brand upon thefe cunning Foxes
was commanded to be Printed, thanks given ?o DieZo
Cohiado for difcovering to the EUate their crafty pro-
ceedings, with not a few Tenets maintained by them
ip \ Japan even againft their own Soveraign j a fat
Btihopnck was offered to the Fryer, which he refu-
ting, CommifTion was given unto him for the railing of
forty Fryers out of Spain, and the conducing of them
to the Iflands of Pbilippmaf, and that it fbould be free
t« all PrieíU asid Fryers, as well as Jefuits, topafsto
shok parts for the Preaching ofGhrii^and the extending

of

Chap. in. o/ ík Weft-Indies: ij

dí Chriftianifm among the Heathens and Barbarians. O
that this my difcovery made to England of thofe diffcmbling
and falfe Priefts, would make us wife to know and difcover
under the aihes of their pretended Religion, the fire of
ftrife and contention which they kindle in Kingdoms, and
to rake up that Covetoufncfs which we may eafily find
in them i tending to the ruin of many fair Eftates, and
to the Temporal and Spiritual danger of this our rlouriihing
Kingdom I

Chap. III.

Shewing the manner of the Miftons of Fryers and
Jefitm to the India's.

ALL the Kingdoms oí America, that have been Con-
quered by the Kings of Spain , are divided as into
feveral Temporal governments, fo into feveral fpiritual ju-
rifdi&ions, under the name of Provinces, belonging unta
feveral Religious Orders, and their Provincials. Thefc
though io far diftant from Europe, yet live with a depen-
dency and fuboydination unto the Court of Rome, andaré
bound to (end thither a tlrict account and relation of what
moft remarkable paffagesand fucceifes happen there, as alfo
what want of Preachers there is in every feveral Province.
Which is to be performed in this manner. Every Religious
Order ( except the Jefuits and Dominicans, whofe General
continueth till death, tinlefs a Cardinals Cap be beftowed
upon him) maketh election of one of the fame Order to
be the head Ruler, or ( as they call him ) General over all
thofe of the fame profeffion every fixth year. The fubjedfe
unto this General which are difperfed in Italy, Germany*
Flanders, France, Spain, Eafi and Wefi- India's, are dividtd
into fundry Provinces, as in Spain there is one Province of
Andaluzia, another of Caflilia nueva, new CaftiU, another
of Qaplia vieit, old Cafiile, anoiherof Valencia ¡ another of

Aifapfii

**

*á J New Survey Chap. III.

Arragon, of Murcia, of Catalonia s So likewife in America
there is the Province of Mw/co, of Mecboacan.oiGuaxaca,
of Cbiapa and Guatemala, of Camayagua, Nicaragua and
the like. Every Province of thefe hath a head named the
Provincial, ehofen by the chief of the Province every three
years, which Eie&ion is called a Prpvincial Chapter, and
the former a General Chapter, which alfo is allotted tobe
mfome chief City, commonly in Italy, France,ox Spain,
When the Provincial Chapter is kept, then by the confent of
all that meet in it is there one named by name of Procurator
or Diffinitor, who is to go in the name of the whole Pro-
vince to the next Ele&ion of the General, and there to de-
mand fuch things as his Province ihali think fit, and togive
an account of the fíate of the Province from whence he is
ient. Thus from the Weft. India's are fent Procurators, who
commonly are the beft Prizes the Holland Ships meet with,
for that they carry with them great Wealth, and Gifts to
the Generals, to the Popes and Cardinals and Nobles in
Spain, as Bribes to facilitate whatfover juft or unjuft, right
or wrong they are to demand. Among other bufinefTes
their charge is chis, to make known the great want of Labo-
rers in the abundant and plentiful harveft of the India's
( though not all Provinces demand Preachers from Spain,
as I will (hew hereafter ) and to defire a number of thirty or
iony young Priefis, who may befit for any Indian Language?
and to íucceed the old iknders.

The Order of the Province being read to the General,
or his General Chapter, then are Letters Parents granted
unto this Procurator from the General, naming him his
Vicar General for fuch a Province, and declaring his fuffi-
ciency and worthy parts,'( though none at all in him, as I
have been witnefs of fome) the great pains he hath taken
In the new planted Indian Church, and how fit he hath been
judged to convey to thofe' parts, a Million of fuch as fhali
Voluntarily offer themfelves for the Propagation of
Chriiiianity amongft the Barbarians, Then . the Tauny
Indian Fryer being well fet out with high Commendations
and fairly Panned with flattering Elogies, prefents thefe

his

Chap. III. of the WeftJadies.1 \?

his Patents ( and with them peradventure a little Wedge o
Gold a Box of Pearls, fome Rubies oí Diamonds, a Cheit
of Co'chinel, or Sugar, with fome Boxes of curious Chocokc,
or fome Feather Works of Mecboacan, fome fmall fruits of
his great pains 'and labour ) to the Pope , who for his hrft re-
ward fives him his Toe and Pantofle to kifs ieconding thi*
honour with a joyful countenance to behold an .Apottle,
iud*inghim worthy of the beft of the Indian Vv ealth, andTiw
íbufperad venture fit for the Title of a Saint , this complacency
in the rift and the giver, breeds immediately a mom nfnm
in hisHolinefs tograntaBull with a decree of the Popes Com-
mííTary^hereing this poor Mendicant Frier is inablcd torun
over all theCloifters of his Profeffion in Mto gather up
his thirty or forty young Preachers. Who for their better
encouragement are at their firft liüing by she Popes ; Author* /
abfolved ä culpa & ¿ p.*na, from all fin, and irom their
Purgatory and Hell due unto it, by a plenary Indulgence.
And whofoever (hall oppofe,or any way difcouiage this Popes
CommiiTary,or thofe that are or would be lifted by him, arc
ipCo faüo Excommunicated with an Anatbem referved only to
this CommiiTary or hisHolinefs himfdf. O what is ¡it to fee,
when fuch a Commiifary's coming is known,how the young
Birds, that as in Gages are (hut up within the walls of a
Cloifter, leap and cheriih themfelves with hopes ot Liberty s
What is it to feedifordered Friers, who for their mifde^
meanours, and leaping ovet their Cloifter-walls in the night
to find out their wanton Harlots,havebeen, Impnfoned now
re Joyce at the coming of a Popes CommiiTary, and plenary
Indulgence, freeing them from fins paft, and fitting them
for the Converfion of fouls, though their own be not averted
from their Harlot, nor as yet truly and uniainedly Converted
to the love of God > True it is, I have known fome that have
written their names in the Lift oí Indian Miftonariei, men of
Sober Life and Con verfation,moved only with a blind Zea!
of encreafing the Popilh Religion : yet I dare fay and confi-
dently Print this truth without wronging the Church of Rome
that of thirty or forty which in inch occafions are cou/wnonly
tsanfported to the India's the three parts of them are Fliers
C ©s

1 8

• «i

<[

m

J New Survey Chap,

lit

of leud lives, weary of their retired Cloiftcr lives, who haw
been punifhed oaten by their Superiors for their wilful b™.
Mita from chat obediente which they formerly Vowed •, or
or tne breach of their Poverty in elofely retaining more by
«hem to Card and Dice, of which fort I could here namely
infcrt a long and tedious Catalogue ; or iaflly fuch, who have
b/T Impriioned for violating their Vow of Chafiity with
leud land ¡afavious women, either by fecret flight from their
Clo «cr,orbypubhck Apoftatizing from their Order, and
clotmng themfe ves in Lay. mens Apparel, to run about the
fafer wnh their wicked Concubines. Of which fort it
was my change to be acquainted with one F ye I III
Navano a hranc.fcan in the City of GuauJ* ÍZ
after he had ,n Secular Apparel enjoyed the leud com!
MB) -of one AmaryliU a famous woman Player in Spain
for the ¡pee of a year, fearing at hft he nLht be d*
covered, hfted himfetf in a Miffion to Ga,Wf the year
ip a. there hoping to enjoy with more liberty and lefs fear
of pumlhment any Luflful or Carnal Obje<9. Liber y n á
«ord under the Cloak of Piety and ¿onverfion o 7lZ,
it is, that draws fo many f ners ( and commonly ,he younger
fort >,o thoferemoct Arican parts ; where after theyhaV"

S nmC lHd7 UTi&> ^ ™ Licenced wyih a
Parifl. Charge to live alone out of the light of a watching
Prior or Super.our, out of the bounds and compafs of Cloiftcr
walls, and authorized to keep houfc by thenifeives, and to
hnger as many Spaniíh Patacones, as their wits device (hall

wS,h •&*?!"* T °f ,hífWly C™¥«"-d Indians
Wealth. This liberty they could never enjoy in St ah, and

«h.s liberty ,s the Midwife of fo many foul falls of w eked
F ners in thole parts. For the prefent ! (hall return again to
my frier Jen Navarro, who at his coming to Guatemala,
being made for wit and learning, Mailer and Reader of
Uivimty, and much cfleemed of for his acute Preaching
among many others got the eftimadon and love of a chief
Gentlewoman,^/™,/ eji imbuu rcconf, JtmAHOmm
Hltadm) whocontinued in Navajo his heart the former fcent
otthe caseto* love of AmtryM,, fcfar that the Frier being

blinded

Chap. III. o/fkWeft.Indies: i>

blinded and wounded with Cupids Arrow flicking in his
heart, tan headlong to quench his luflful thirft upon St. James
his day 162*. for better memory of Tragical event ( being
the Spaniards common Advocate, and fpecial Patron of that
City named St. Jago de Guatemala ) where crue Mars op-
preffine Venus in her wanton Ads, the injured Husband
AdingW, and rinding Navarro, Cupids Page, faluting his
Vent» upon her bed, drew his fword, cutting the Frier firíi
in the head and face *, who ftrugling with death, and pur-
chafing; his life with a fwift and nimble flight to a Garden,
where his own Brother a Frier of the fame Order, and
Pander to that foul ad, entertained the Motheilefs Chil-
dren, for the Husband having miffed his fatal blow
( willingly as fome imagined, or unwillingly as others judge)
in the Friers heart, wilfully laid it in the throat of his
unchaft Wife, fcarce leaving way for breath to make a
fpeedy Confeffion of her fin to Navarro'* Brother i who
tendring her foul, as much as his Brother had tendred
her body, abiolved her from her fin, finding figns, though
no uttering fpeech of Repentance, while the murderer fled,
and the murthered lay in the door of her houfe for a lad ob-
ject to all, that immediately flocked thither to fee that bloody
Tragedy. The Wife being the fame day buried, the Husband
being retired to a clofe San&uary , Navarro was carried to his
Convent to be Cured i and after his Cure, was baniihed that
Country -, whom two years after it was my chance to meet in
Carthagena returning to Spain with his fcarr'd facc,beaiing the
mark of his lafcivious life, and that liberty which he had
enjoyed in America. Such are the fruits of the Zeal of thole
wretches, who upbraid our Church and Mimfters for want
of Zeal to labour in theConverfion of Infidels. Who when
they arrive to thofe parts, are entertained with ringing ofc
Bells, with founding of Trumpets moft part of the way as
they Travel, and as Apoftles are received by the Indians^
though foon like Judas they fall from their calling, and tor
Pleafure and Covetoufneft fell away Chrift from their fouls.
Ehetdndmny here learn to beware of fueh Converters, who
are daily by Hame of MiiTionaries fent hither by the Pope to
31 Q 2 Preach

■

lo

J New Survey Chap. IV.

Preach among us Popery j but like Navarro come to feed and
cheriih their wanton lufts, así could give many iniiances,
might I not be cenfured for long digreffions in mingling'
Engltjh Hifiories with my American Travels.

Chap. IV.

Shewing to what Provinces of the Eaft and Weft-
Jndia's helonging to the Crown ¿>/^Gaftilia are fent
Mfftons of Friers andjefuits. And eftecic ally of
the Miffion fent in the year 1625.

IN all the Dominions of the King oí Spain in America
there are two lor ts oí Spaniards more oppofite one to ano-
ther, than in Europethe Spaniard is oppofite to the French&t to
the Hollander, or to the Portugal jto wit,they that are born in
any parts of Spain and go thither,and they that are born there
ofSpamJh ParentSjWhom the Spaniards todiftinguiih them
from themfehres.term Criolio'sfignliy ing the Natives of that
Country. This hatred is fo great, that I dare fay, nothing
might be more advantageous than this, to any other Nation
that would Conquer America. And nothing more eaííly
gained than the wills and afFeclions of the Natives of the
Country, to join with any other Nation to free and refcue
themfelves from that fubj e&ion, or kind of flavery, which
they fufFer under the hard ufage of the Spaniards :■ and their
partial Government and JuOice toward them,and thofe that
come from Spain. This is fo grievous to the poor Criolios or
Natives, that my felf have often heard them fay, they would
rather be fubjecl to any othsr Prince, nay to the Hollanders^
than to the Spaniards^ if they thought they might enjoy
their Religión i and others wiihing the Hollanders, when
they took trux'Mo in Honduras^ had flaid in it and enjtred
further into the Land, they íhould have been welcome to
them \ and that the Religion they enjoyed with fomuch
fkfcry, was nothing íwees unto them, This mortal hatred

betwixi

Cfcap; IV- of theW&~lñik$: **

betwixt thcfc two forts of Spaniards, made the Criólas fo
reaTv^o ioyn againft the Marquefs of Gete Viceroy of
Sin the Tumult and Mutiny of that City, wherein
£ e ving to Von Alonfide Zem^the Arch-Biihop caufed
he Viceroy to efcapefor his Kfe by flight, and would then
have utterly rooted out the Spnijh Government had no
fome PrieñS diffwaded them from in but of this i (hall
S more largely hereafter. The caufe of this deadly
hatred^ath proceeded from a jealoufie wh ch the Spaniards
have *rohJ ofthcCrófo'/.that they would fain withdraw
therafelves firft from the Commerce with S^,and fecondly,
from the Government which is laid upon tnem^whicn is
fuch,that the Criolti s mutt be always underhand a tubjeO:^-
waysgoverned, but fcarce any a Governour. Never yet was
there Peen any Criolio made Viceroy of Mexico,ox Pent h or Pre-
fidcrit of Guatemalan Santafe,ot Si.Vomingoi or Go^nour
of Tmacan,Cartagena,Uavana *or Alcalde, ^lot(j»<&
call them )of Soconufco.Chiapa, San Salvador,™* iuch UKe
places of credit. So likewife in the Courts of Chancery, as
St. Vommgo, Mexico, Guatemala, Lima, and the ¡reft i where
commonly there are Six,called Oydores and one Heal, fca rce
one of them tobe found a Criador Native of the Country s
though there be among them thofe that defcended ot- the
chief Conquerors \ as in Lima and Peru the Fízanos, m Mex-
ico andG«a*^thehoufeofthe Marquefs DellValhferdtnan*
do Cortes his Succeiibrs^fhers of the houfe oí Gir^others ot
the houfe of Aluarado, others of the Gufmanes, finally many
of the chiefeft houfes of Spain i yet none of thefe ever pre-
ferred to any dignity. And not only thus are they kept
from Offices5but daily affronted by the Spaniards as uncapa-
ble of any Governmsnt,and termed half Indians by them.

Which general contempt hath alfo fpread it (elf in the
Church,whereno Criolio Prieft is fcarce ever preferred to be a
Biihop, or Canon in a Cathedral Church, but all iuch as
come from Spain, So likewife in the Religious Orders they
have many years endeavoured to keep under and fupprefs fuch
asha ve been admitted to their Orders of the Natives of the
Country, left the number of them ihould prevail againft
C ? thofe

i*

A New Survey Chap. IV.

*hofe that are brought from Spain , they have been very nice
'nchoofing of them, and though they have been forced to
admit qffome, yet tfill the Provincials, the Priors, and all
Superiors have been Spaniards born in Spain, Till now lately
fome Provinces have got th£ upper hand and prevailed againft
the Spaniards, and have fo filled their Cloifters with Criolio's
or Natives,th at they have utterly refufed to admit the fupplies
of Spaniftt Miffions which formerly were fent unto them, and
till this day art fent to others; In the Province of Mexico
there are Dominicans, Francifcans, Auguftints, Caimelites,
JVfercenarians. and Jefuits, whereof the Jefuits and Car-
melites only to this day prevail againft Cftó*f, bringing every
two or three years Miffions from Spain. The laft Million that
was fent to the Mercenarians was the year 162 5. and thenwas
the oppofition fuch between that Miffion and the Crioltísjhtf
in the Ele&ion of the next Provincial in their Cloifter of
Mexico, the Friers drew knives one againfi another, and
were like to kill each other, had not the Viceroy gone to their
Cloiiler to make Peace, and fmprifon fome of them. Yet
at laft by the multitude of voices the Native party prevailed,
and till this day have exempted themfelves from Spanifh Mif-
fions, alledging ( as others have done ) that they have Friers
enough in their Cloiflers,and need none to be fent them from
Spain i fubmitting themlelves to the Pope, and preftnting to
him as ftately gifts as ever Spaniards did before them. In
the Province of Guaxaca none admit of Miilionaries from
Spain 5 true it is, the Dominicans are but ncwiy fubdued by
the Criolian party; and as yet are ftrongly pleading at Rome
for Spanifh Friers, alledging that the glory and luiire of their
Religion hath been muchblurr'd fiuce the non-admittance of
fupplies of their Zealous Compatriots. The Province of
Guatemala^ which is of a large extent ) containing Guate-
mala, Chiapa, the Zoque/ ', part of Tabajco, the Zeldales,
the Sacafuids, the Vera faz, all the Coail lying to the South
Sea, Sucbutepeqms and tSoconufco, Comayagua, Hondura?,
St. Salvador. Nicaragua, hath in it theie Orders chiefly,
Dominicans, Francifcans, Auguitines, ( who are fu6je& to
Mexico being one poor Cloiííer in Guatemala ) Jefuits alio in
; ' Guate*

Chap. IV. of the Weft- Indies. if

Guatemala iubkék to the Government oí Mexico and Merce-
Brians whcr of the three Orders of Dominicans, Fran-

Wefts throughout all the fofcnamed Provinces. And thefc
th O dershave «mil kept under the Criolian .party, never
Is vet funding any of them tobe Provincial, bringingevery
twA e yLsjbmeone year and fomc another, Miffioiis
of Friers from Spain to maintain and keep up their faäion
againS h a Jans. The Provinces of Peru being more
dfftant from Spain, and hard to come to by Sea have no
Miffions fent unto them. There are of the mol Romifo
Religious Orders, yet thechiefare Dominicans •, and they ■ all
live above their Vow of Poverty, abounding m Wealth,
Riot Liberty and Pleaiures. In the Kingdom of Nuem
reino de Granada, and Cartagena, Santa fee, Bannar,
Popayan, and the Government of St. Martha, are Domini,
cans, Jefuits, Francifcans, Carmelites Auguftines and
Mercenarians; whereof the Dominicans, Jefuits and Fran.
cifcans, till this day admit of Miffions from Spam, i he
Ifland oí Cuba, Jamaica, la Margarita, Puerto .rico, all are
fubiea to the head Piovinciai of Santo Vomingo, being Uonai-
nicans, Jefuits, and Francifcans, and have all now and then
Miffions from %*«. Yucatan hath in it only Francucanj,
who live moft richly and plentifully, and ftrongly uphold the
Spanifb fa&ion with European Miffions : Mecboacan bdongeth
to the Mexican Friers, and is in the fame condition as was laid
before of Mexko. Thus have 1 briefly run over all Amrm
that belongs to the Crown of Caftilia : for thaEad- India s they
belong to the Crown oí Portugal and Brafil, as firft Covered
andpoiTeffedby theP^^/j,andnow doubtlefs areíubjeóí
to King John, the new King of Portugal, Yet the lilands of
Philippine fubjeä to the King of Ä and ¡there are Do.
mbicans,Francifcans,Auguftines and jefuits,ah which lit jftill
in wait in Manila the Metropolitan City, for fume fare flap*
ping to Japan, to Convert that Kingdom. And though the;
admit of few Criolias among them, especially fome ( oí their
Converts of China and Japans yet their chier numoer an4
ftrength is of Spanijh Miffionaries,whp8tfCfnoietrc^uentljf

mm

1

2 4 A New Survey Chap. IV.

conveyed thither than to the partsaformentioned of Amend

E//>««* and M«/»-, and afar they have refted two or th.ee
months in Mexico, they are fent to Vapuleo, lying on the
Mar del Zw, there they are Shipped in two great ¿racks

and all E^-fc*. warc from Mmíu t0 A [cg >JP£
mm, with far greater riches than any are fent by the No
Sea from Spat,. The Voyage from Acapu id th ther is
longer than from Spain to jfa*,, and eafie and pleafen
though the return .s far longer and mofl dangerous. The year
ot our Lord ,625. there were four Millions fent ; the one of
Francifcans «or«w*«, the other ofMercenarians toi¿«L°
the other two-of Dominicans and jefuits l0 tbilipplT 2
whtch time it was my fortune to rende among the Domini-
cans ,n *r*z.n Andalutía. The Popes Commiffary f0™h t
Mffion was Frier Matiheo de la Villano having a Commif
Cam! ^'^^"5 Sluing gathered fome i4 of them about
Capita and Madrtd,knt them by degrees well fiored wi.h
«nopy to Cales to take up a convenient Lodging for himfelf
T/ F, Pf^FV® thV'me 0f 4efettinggfor,h rfhe
ClZnt W JfZ Commii(fy "™* o«e Frier A,«,¿
C^/m to be his fubihtute, and to viiit theCloiftcrs of An-
«/«alymgmhis way; namely CW««, Sevil, St. tucar
and xm,v> try if out of them hecoujd makeup his com-
pleat number of thirty, which was after fully compleatea
About , he end of May came this worthy Calvo Xo Xerez and
,n his Company one Antonio Mekndez of the College of
St-Gregorym VallaMd, with whom I had formerly near
acquaintance. This Melode^tutiy rejoyced whenhehad
oundmeiandbeng wellffocked with/A» PataconeT
he firft night of hiscoming invited me to his chamber to a
ftately Supper. The good Xerez Sack which was not fpared
fa in» mend in fucha heat of Zeal of Converting 7 J^i/
tha all his talk was of thofe parts never yet (ben, and atS
fa thoufand Leagues difiant. Uccbus metamorphofed hfm
too» , a D.vme into an Orator, and made a Cicero in pa™s
of Rhetorical Eloquence. Nothing was omitted that m£hC

exhort

¡hap. II. of the WeiUndies. 25

short me to ioyn with him in that Fun&ion, which he
louaht was Apoftolical. Nemo Fropbeta in fatriafua^
great argument with him i fometimes he propounded Mat-
^rdom for the Gofpel fake, and the glory after it, to have his
fe and death Printed, and of poor Frier Antony* Clothiers
?on of SigowtoY* miedSt.^yby the Pope and made
lateral with the Apofiles in Heaven i thus did Bacchus
nake him Ambitious of Honor upon the Earth and prefer-
nent in Heaven. But when he thought his Rhetorick had
not prevailed, then would he Ad a iffafar and ^fancy-
ing: the Indies Paved with Tiles of Gold and Silver, the
Stones to be Pearls, Rubies, and Diamonds, theTrees to be
hung with clufters of Nutmegs bigger than the clufters ot
Grapes oí Canaan, the Fields tobe Planted with Sugar-canes,
which íhould fo fweeten the Chocolet, that it ihould far ex-
ceed the Milk and Hony of the Land of P Worn f > the Silks
of China he conceited fo common, that the Sails of the Ships
were nothing elfe i finally he dreamed of Midas s happinefs,
that whatfoever he touched ihould be turned to Gold : Thus
did Xerez Necias make mv fnend and mortified Frter, a Co-
vetous Worldling. And yet from a Rich Covetous Merchant
diditihapehimto a Courtier in pleafures •, fancying the
Thilippinas to be the Eden, where was all joy without tears,
mirth without fadnefs, laughing without forrow, comfort
without grief, plenty without want, no not of Em for
Admas, excepted only that in it ihould be no forbidden
fruit, but all lawful for the taft and fweetning of the palate-,
and as Adam would have been as God, fo conceited Me-
hndez himfelf a God in that Eden y whom Travelling,
Indian Waits and Trumpets ihould accompany i and to
whom, entiing into any To wn,Nofcgay s Ihould be prefenied,
Flowers and Boughs ihould be ftrowed in his way i Arches
ihould be erected to ride undersells for joy ihould be rung
and Indian knees for duty and homage, as to a God,mould
be bowed to the very ground. From this inducing argument,
and repreientation of a Paradife, he fell into a ftrong Rhe-
iorical point of curicfity ', finding out a Tree of knowledge,
and a Philofophkal maxim, Omm ham nam aliter fare de~
• fiderat,

yfl

2¿ r4 New Survey CW IV

ftderaty man naturally inclines to knnw i**á*¿„ j

per be known in its feafon, the NuttnJ JoKjgg

SSfite. e or b3rk on a Tree ; the S.SS

SÍS1» ^¡"gCaneintoa Loaf; the ftrang
waping the Cochmel from a worm to fo rich a Scarletdie ; the

fn,nf f fhiPf "*** is but B«6 with ftalkand eaves
S b,?ck di5 %"U befaught and learn d and

S? ■■ ,ry c lnol,ties ofknowledge and under-

& Ai ™: í '-W ^e* ,,tiuor ( Grap£s ^

ES™??, T í'^t*^ Eloquence inio my ^t„„i„
tan» yet he doubted not to prefer before it his Wine of Vbi
mm, growmg on tall and high trees of Coco wteein t
onged ,o dr „k a Spanijb Brindis in my ¿Ä*SS

E?J VÍ efe hls ar8ume"ts to follow him, and his Cdm or

,n^ k t0,*now how m>- h«rt flood affected to his Journev ;
W ^kAoü,,'*lWa^''»íw¡thhiSCon"E Si

Mly fatisfied of my refolution to acompany him. And having
earned the Poets exprefllon, $& Z maualil />eZ ™
¿mfacnfmu ? he offered unto me half a dozen of SPaTth
p.fto!s,affu„ng me that I mould want nothing "and 2
<he nex morning Caho mould furnidt me wÄatfoever
«ornes I needed, for to buy things neceffary for the comfo
of fo long and tedious a Journey. To whom lanfwTed

that I fhould that mght lie down and take Counfel with mv
» low affurmghim that for his fake I would do "and"
thatifí refolved togo,myrefolution (houlddraw on another
ted of m,ne, an J* Frier, named Tbmm Veld Thus
took, my leave of my Mdendtz, and reared myfelf tomy
Phamber and Bed, which that nightwas no place of.repofe

and

lap. II. of the WefUndiesl *7,

1 „ft to me asformerly it had beeo.I muft needs fay Melen-
Äeiv"d oat oí England from mine own Father figm-

lough * mony betterfpent, if i had been a Scu ho m , a
oltee of Tefuits, than if 1 thould prove a General of the
Äf Dominicans •, that 1 fliould never think to be mh

S 2 expea ever more to ^- horn ,m nor dar to
ee him if ever I returned to England , but expeO «at ne
«ould fetupon me even Jefmts, whom I had fef<*"d ™
Ipofed, to chafe me out of my Country ; «ha. H^ghoufe
though ne had loft it with mueh more means fo his Re hg.c «
durins his life; yet with the confent of my eldeft Brother
( now Gov noL oW.ford and Mafs-founder in that our
Famous Univerfity)he would fellit away jthat neither from
fhe Efta^ or mony made of it, I might en,oy a Child*
J t dueuntome. Thefe reafons *****#*&£
L body, and fleepfrom my eyes, tears keeping tnem mv
Ad and open, left Cyntbia', black and mourning Man le
thould offer to cover, clofe and (hut them. To rtm W
confideration was joyned a ftrong oppofmon, which ierious

fome School pointsandConttove,fteshadbred.nme.ga.nft
Come chief of ¿he Popiih Tenets. Well could I have wlhca
°o have come to E»gLd,.here to fa.isfie and e&W #gg
Cnfcience; well confidered I, that if I ftaid in »«*
when my Studies were fully finill.ed,the Dommicans w«h a

Popes Mandamus would ^™*°™(ZLhto °a
narytomyCountry.Butthanwellconlidaedlthefighofa

í8 A New Survey Chap. IV

§mmmm

Planted Church, and of thofe Church Planter hVes and

™r, p.*„, 4,,,,» m h„ d ri „" Tf;;: s

c'eafanr RrMlrfiíí k., j:í- ■ r . ' ° ve ""I1 a mo«
p.eaunt Breakíaít by difcovenng unto him my pumofe and

refolut.on to accompany himin his long a»,d Nava lol ev

«han h X" If^ hÍ-m W,ith a DiDnet ofonc d«l° S
fiäSJ l-rt Bredk'aft; t0 w"> the company alfo of mv bilh
T.^f* *>< i*«». After Dinner weboth were D7efen ñ
to Calvo thebald pate Superior VW^mmASK
U5 promtfed to us many curteues in the way, read unto us
a Memorandum of what dainties he had provided for u,
what vaneties of Filh and Flefo: how many Sheeo how
«any Gammons of Bacon, how mm fat H L,ho7many
Hog , how many Barrels of white Bisket, howmanv S
W,ne of Cafalla, what (lore of Rice, Figs, Olira Capers
?nai r'p£T°nS'fiVeet and fow« OrangeY'pomgraS
meats : he flattered us that he would make us Mafleffit"

«. and

jap. IV- o/ tk Weft-Indies: s?

I of Divinity in 1Mb i then opened he his Purfe, and
V Rave us ¿o fpend that day in Xr* and to buy what
Äd a mind to, and to carry us to M^ Laftly he
■ned his hand to befiow upon us the holy Fathers Bcnedi-
in that no mifchief might befal us m our way i I ex-
ledfomeRelickor nail of his great Toe, or one of h.s
(vet Paynes to kifs i but peradventure with frequent
fine throught Italy and all Caftilia it was eyen worn thred-
e Much were we frowned at by the Domm.cans our
eM friends of Xte, bat the liberty which with Mekn-
fweenW° that day about the City of Area took from
alTfad thoughts, which fo fudden a departure from our
end might have caufed inus. And .Calvo mud ifeanng
auhe love of fome Nuns(too powerful with Spamfi Friers;
ishtyetkeepusbackfrompurfuingourpurpofedlourney

kh cunning Policy perfwaded us to depart from Xwz, the
St mornin|. Which willingly we performed m company of
££L and another St&f™*^^"*™
Ihefts and Books to Calvoto fend after u<) and that day we
ravelled likeS/>«# Dons upon our little Boncoes,or Affes
>wards Puerto de Santa Maria, taking m "ur way that
ately Convent of Carthufiam, and the River oiGHadalabe,
he former the Poets River of obUvion,tafi,ngofthe Fruits of
dofeEMia» Fields and Gardens and drinking of Guadale-
bes Cryftal flreames ¡ that io perpetual oblivwn might blind
,nd cover all thofe Abusive Species wh>cn the .ntumve
¡nowledge of Stains and Xerezes pleafant objedshad deeply
hmped in our thoughts and hearts. At evcmng we came
to that Puerto fo famous for harbouring %«u chid Galhes,
iuáitüatúwDonFrederiqMdeloledo ; who hearing of the
arrival of four Indian ApolUes, would not lofe that occaGon
of fome Soul Codification ( which he thought might be his
purchafe) by entertaining us that night at Supper. The Town
thought their fireetsbleffed with our walking in them, and
withed they might enjoy fome Relicks from us, whom they
beheld as appointed, to Martyrdomfor Chnft and Antichrift
fake together ithe Gally-flavesftrove who ihould found their
Waited Trumpets Ut joyfully, Von frtdrnqm fpared

US

3° J New Survey Chap. V

no coft in Fiih and Fleih that night, doubting not but th
receiving four Prophets, he ibould receive a fourfoU rcwi
hereafter Supper being ended, we were by DonFrederia
his Gentlemen conveyMtotheCloiaer of the MMm I
pointed by Von Frederigm to lodge us that night who I
lliew their Brotherly love waihed our kct, and fo Icon
mended us to quiet and peaceable reft. The next mornir
after a ftately Bre.kfaft beftowed upon us by thofe PoTm
dicant Friers, a Boat was prepared for us and DonFrederia,
his Gentlemen to wait on us, and toconvey us to Caí
Where we found out our fellow Apoftles, andthePop<
Cornmiirary Frier Matthew de la rJL, who welcomed'
with Wr Indulgences, a culpa & $ pxn^ and with
flounihmg Table ftored with Fiih and Fkih for Dinnei
^«wecontinuedin daily honour and cftimation,enjoyin|

t Ä Tñ pleafant *hích Caki' both by s™ ™<* ¿n

could afford unto us, until the time of the Fleets departing

Which when it drew near, our grand Apoftle Frier Matthel

de la I tila who wé thought burned with Zeal of Martyr

dom, took his leave of us i (hewing us the Popes Commiííior

to nominate in his place whom he lifted, and naming bale

Calvo for Superior, returning himfelf to Madrid with mor<

defire ioenjoy a Bifhoprick in Spain (as we underftood) thar

to faenhee his life in Japan, His departure caufed a mutiny

jmongft us, and cooled thefpirits oft wo of our Miffionaries

wno privily fledfiomus. The rdt were pleafed withhonefi

Calvo, for that he was a fimple and ignorant old man,

(whom they could more jeer than any way refpedt ) more

^ullion-likeindayly greazing his whitehabit withhandline

his fat Gammons of Bacon, than like a Popes Commiffaryt

for his Matters Toe the proudeft of our Miffioners than would

willing y have killed ; yet Qalvo's greáfie rifts the humbleft

would loatn to have kiffed. Thus under a .Sloven was

that Apoflohcal Million to be conveVsd firft to Mexico,

thxccthmkná Spanijh Leagues from Spain, and afterwards

three thousand Leagues further fronr thince to Manila,

the Metropolitan and Court City of the IflandsoffifriV

hppmas,

CHAR

hap. V.' of the Weft-Indies:

3*

Chap. V.

f the Indian Fleet that departed from Cales, Anno
Dom. 1625*. And of fome remarkable pajjages
in that Voyage.

J Pon the íirft oí July in the afternoon, Von Carlos dt
Ibarra Admiral of the Galeons that then lay in the
ly of Cales, gave Order that a warning Peece ihould be fliot
Í to warn all Paffcngers, Soldiers, and Mariners to betake
lemfelves thenext morning to their Ships. O what was it
i fee fome of our Apoftolical company who had enjoyed
luch liberty for a month in Cales, who had began to entangle
íeir hearts with fome young Nuns love, now hang down
íeir heads, and Aá. with fad and demure looks, loth to de-
art, and cry out Barium eft nos hie ejfe, It k good for us to
s here > and amongft them one Fryer John de Pacheco made
le warning Pcece to be a warning to him to hide himfelf
who could no more be found amongft his fellow Millioners)
linking it a part of hard cruelty to foifake a young Francife
an Nun to whom he had engaged and wholly devoted his
eart. What was it to fee others with weeping eyes piercing
brough the Iron gates the tender Virgins heaits,leaving and
equeathing unto them fome pledges of their wanton love,
nd receiving from them fome Cordials againft Sea-ficknefs,
iaps, Shirts and Hand- kerchiefs, to eye them or wear them
tmen Molm or Neptune (hould moft oppofe them? The
écond oí July in the morning early notice was given unto us,
hat one Fryer Pablo de Londres, *x\ old crab-fac5d Englijhftkt
iving in St. Lucar had got the Duke of Medina his Letter
md fent it to the Governor oí Gales charging him to feek for:
ne and to ftay me, fignifying the King oí S pains will and
rieafure, that no Englifh ihould pafs to the Indias, having a
Country of their own to Convert ; this did that old Fryer to
top my paffage, having before wrote «oto me many Letters

m

,w

3 * Ä M# S«r©gi Chap. V.

to the fame purpofc, and got a Letter from that father Mafia

F,tT lnffinf b£forf wi£ ihe Count of Condonarlas
t rier B»g* de la Fluent*, then Provincial oiCafiilia, and fent
unto me, whcrem that Superior offered me many kind offers
of preferment, if I would defift from my Journey and re-
turn to him to CafrUia : but none of thefe Letters could pre-
▼ail with me i nor the Governors fearching flop me i for
immediately I was conveyed alone to our Ship, and there
clofely hid in a Barrel that was emptied of Bisket to that pur-
pose Sio that when the Governor came a Ship-board to en-
quire for an Englijh man,Frier Calvo having the father of Hers
in my ftead about him, refolutely denied me, who could not
bs found, becauie not fought for in a Barrels belly. This
found our Apoftlcs fport and talk that firft day. Then went
out the Ships one by one crying A dios, ¿^ and the
Town replying Buen viaei, Buen viaei ; when all were out
and no hopes of enjoying more Cales pleafures and liberty
then began my young Friers to wifti themfelves again at
Land fome began prefently to feed the FiOics with iheir
Wunsiwect dainties i others to wonder at the number of
ftately Ships;which wi th eight Galeons that «rent to convey
us beyond the Iflands of C««w were forty one in al! h fomc
for one Pert of the India's, and fome for another. To
fmrto Rico went that year two Ships i to Santo Domingo three
to Jamaica two, to Margarita one, to the Havana two, to
Cartagena three, to Campeche two, to Honduras and TruxiBe
two, and tp St. Jobade Vlhua, or Vera Cruz, fixteen i all
Laden with Wines, Figs, Raifins, Olives, Oyle, Cloth
Carnes, Linnen, Iron, and Quick- fnver for the Mines, to
fetch out the pure Silver afSacatecas from the earthen diofs
from whence it is digged. The perfons of moft note that
went tnat year was firft the Maiquefs de Seralvo with his
Lady, who went for Viceroy of Mexico, inuead of the Count
de Gelves then retired to a Cloifter for fear of the Common
people, who the year before had mutined againft him-, this
Miiquefi went in the Ship called St. Andrew, and with him
in the fame Ship went Bon Martin de Carrillo aPrieít, and
Ipquifitor of the fnqutfition oí VaUadolid j who was fent for

Vifirer

Chap. V. of the Weft Judies: j-J

Vifiter General to Mexico, to examine the ftrife between the
Conde de Gelvéi and the Arch-biíhop, and the muting that
for their fakes had happened s with full Commiffion and Au-
thority to Imprifon,Banifh, Hang and Execute all Delin-
quents. In the Shipcalkd Sania Gertrudis went Von John
Nino de Toledo, who was fent to be Prefident bi Manila in
Philippine, and in the fame Ship with him went the whole
Million of thirty Jefuits fent to thtliflinos* who had al-
ready got the favour of the Preiident, and politicly iought
to be Paffengers in the fame Ship}that fo they might the more
ingratiate themfelves tohirrnfor this cunning Generation
tfudies purpoiely how to infinuate themfelves with Kings,
Princes, Great men, Rulers and Commanders. In the
Ship called St. Antony went my Dominican Million of twenry
fevcn Friers. In the Ship called No(lra Sennora de Regla went
twenty four Mercenarian Friers bound for Mexico h part of
thofe that afterwards drew their Knives to ílaíh and cut the
Criolio's of their Profeffion. Thus with the Convoy of eight
Galeons for fear of Turfy and Hollanders ( whom the Spanijb
Vans íhake and tremble at J fet forward our Fleet with a
pleafantand proiperous gale, with a quiet and milky n Sea,
till we came to the Gulf, called Golfo de Teguas, or of
kicking Mares, whofe waves and fwellingfurges did fo kick
our Ships, that we thought they would have kicked our St.
Anthonio gilded Image out of out Ship, aud bereaved my
Antmei Melendezoi his gilt and painted Idol, ( to whom he
dayly bowed and prayed againft the mercilefs Element }
and that all our Ships Galleries would have been torn from
us with the fpurnings and blows of that outragious4 Gulf.
But at laft having overcome the danger of this Gulf, the
eight Galeons took their leave of us, and left our Merchant
Ships now to ihift for themfelves. The departure of thefe
Galeons was moft folemnly performed on each fide, faluting
each other with their Ordnance, vifiting each other with
their Cock-boats, the Admiral of the Fleet Feaäing with a
fiately Dinner in his Ship, the Admiral of the Galeons *, and
the like performing moft of the other Ships to the fe veril
Colonels and Gaptainsand other their Allied friends that
D '-■ wars

IB

El

H

fií

1

¡f 'i¡f

i $!■:

;¿ í:,':.j¡

i ;¡|

í J'-

; ;!í¡

% 4 *ANeu> Survey Chap, V.

were of the Royal Fleet. Here it was worth noting to hear
the hghs of many of our Indian Apoftles, wiíhingth?y might
return again in any ofthofeGaleons to Spain; their Zeal was
now cold, and fome endeavoured many wavs for Calvo his
Licence to return ( which could not be granted ) others im-
proved themielves moft of that day in writing Letters to
their fnends,and Sifters in Cales. Thus Dinner being ended
and the two Admirals foiemnly taking their leaves the'
warning piece being (hot offfor the Galeons to joyn together
and turn their courfe to Spain, we bad mutual adieu3 crying
one to^mothcx BuenViajeiBHenpaJfage,wc kept our couife
towards America, failing before the wind conftantly till we
came to America \ A thing worth noting m that Voyage from
Spam to the Indies •, that after the Iflands.of Canaria are
once left, there is one conftant wind, continuing to America
ft ill the fame without any oppoiition or contrariety of other
winds ; and this foprofperousand full on the fails, that did
it blow conftantly, and wereic not interrupted with many
calms, doubtlefs the Voyage might be ended in a month or
Sefs. But fuch were the calms that many times we had, that
we got not to the fight of any land till the twentieth day of
Auguft; fo that near fix weeks we failed as on a River of freih
water, much delighting and fpomng our felves in Fiihing,
many forts of Fiftcs, but efpecially one, which by the
Spanhrds is called Dorado, the golden Fiih, for the skin
and fcaks of it that glitter like Gold ; of this fort we found
fuch abuodance,thatnofooner was the hook with any fmall
bait caft into the Sea, than prefently the Dorado was caught,
íbthatí we took them many times for pleafure, and caft them
again into the Sea, being a Fiih fitter to be eaten frcihthan
faked. Many were the Feafts and fports uted in the Ships,
fill we difcovered ihefirft Land, or liland called Diffeada.
The laft day of July ( being according to the Jefuits Order,
and Romes appointment, the day o£ Ignatius their Patron and
founder of their R.eligion)the gallant Ship called S. Gertrudis
( wherein went thirty Jefuits ) for theirs and tneir Saints fake
made to all the reft of the Fleet a moft gallant (hew, ftie be-
iwg trimmed round about with white Lirtnen,, her flags and

top

Chap. V. of the WefWndies: 3 5

top gallants reprefenting fome the Jefuirs Arms, others the
Pidiireof Ignatius himielf, and this from the evening before,
(hooting off that night at kaft fifty (hot of Ordnance, be fides
four or five hundred Squibs ( the weather bang very calm )
and all her Maftsand Tacklingshung with Paper Unthorns
having burning lights within them \ the Waits ceafcd not
from founding, nor the Spaniards from tinging all night.
The days folemn fport was likewife great, the jamis in-
creating the Spaniards joy with an open Proceíhcn m the
Ship ifinging their fuperftitious Hymns and Anthems to
their fuppofed Sainf, and all this feconded with roaring
Ordnanee,no Powder being fpared forthecompleating that
days joy and triumph. The fourth of Jugufl following,
being the day which Rome doth dedicate to Vommick.tht
firü founder of the Dominicans or Preachers Order, the Ship
wherein I was, named St. Antfony, firove to exceed St. Ger-
trudis, by the affiftance oí the twenty feven Dominicans that
were in her. All was performed both by night and day s as
formerly in St. Gertrude both with Powder, Squibs, Lights,
Waits and Muilck, And further did the Dominicans joy
and triumph exceed the Jefuits, in that they invited all the
Jefuits, with Don John Nino de tohdo the Prefident of Mar
Vila, with the Captain of the Ship of St. Gertrudis to a ftately
Dinner both of Fiih and Fleíh h which Dinner being ended,
for the afternoons fport they had prepared a Comedy out of
famous Lope de Vega, to be Acted by fome Souldiers, Pal-
fengers and fome of the younger fort oí Friers \ which I con-
fefs was ftately Afted and fet forth both in (hows and good
Apparel, in that narrow compafs of our Ship, as might
have been upon the beft Stage in the Court oí Madrid. The
Comedy being ended, and a Banquet off weet meats pre-
pared for the doling up of that days mirth, both ours* and
St. Gertrudis Cock-boat carried back our invited friends, bid-
ing each other adieu with our Waits and chiefeft Ordnance»
Thus went we on our Sea Voyage without any floim, with
pleafant gales, many calms, dayly fports and paftimes, till
we difcovercd the firft Land called Vejfeada upon, the twemt-
eth day of ¿*g»jt;

—

—

B

!:;'J

!

i

!¿

ANewSuney Chap. VI.

Chap. VI.

0/ <wr difcovery of jome Iflands, and what trouble
be f el us in one of them.

THe Admiral of our Fleet wondring much at our flow
failing, who from the fecond oí July to the ipof
'jiugufi had feen nor d ifcovered any Land,{ave only the Iflands
oí Canaria h the fame day in the morning called to Council
ail the Pilots of the Ships, to know their opinions concerning
our prefent being, and the nearneis of Land. The Ships
therefore drew near unto the Admiral one by one,that every
Pilot might deliver his opinion. Here was caufe of laughter
enough for the Paflengers to hear the wife Pilots skill i One
faying, we were three hundred Miles, another two hundred,
another one hundred, another fifty, another more, another
lefs, all erring much from the truth ( as afterward appeared )
iave.only one old Pilot of the fmalleft VeiTel of all, who
affirmed refolutely, that with that fmall gale wherewith we
then ailed, we ihould come to Guadalupe the next morning.
All the reft laughed at him, but he might well have laughed
at them, for the next morning by Sun-riiing we plainly dif-
covered an Ifland call Dejfeada by the Spaniards,- or the de-
fired Land, for that at the firft difcovery of the India's it was
the firft Land, the Spaniards found, being then as deiirous to
find fome Land after many days failing as we were. After this
Jfland prefently we difcovered another called Marigalante,
then another called Dominica, and laftly, another named
Guadalupe,whkh was that we aimed at to refreih our felves in,
to waih our foul cloaths, and to take in freih water, whereof
we flood in great need. By two or three of the Clock in the
afternoon we came to a fafe Road lying before the Ifland,
where we caft our Anchors, no ways fearful of the naked
Barbarians of that and the other Iflands, who with great
■joy do yearly expect the gpanijh Fleets coming, and by the

Moons

Chap. VL of the Weft-Indies: 37

tfoons do reckon the Months, and hereby make their guefs
it their coming, and prepare fome their Sugar Canes, others
he Plantin, others the Tortois, fome one Pfoviíion fome
mother to barter with the Spaniards for their fmall Haber-
la!^, or Iron, Knives, or fuch things which may hdp them
n their Wars, which commonly they make agamft fome other
ífíands. BeFore our Anchors were caft, out came the Indi-
ms to meet us in the Canoa's round like Troughs fome
thereof had been Painted by our Enghfc fome by the Hal-
landers, fome by the French, as might appear by their feveral
^rrns, it being a common Road and Harbour to all Nations
¡hat fail to America.

Before we refolved to go to fhore, we tailed of thole Indian
ruits, the Plantin above all pleafing our tafted and Palate.
IVc could not but much wonder at that light never yet leen
3y us of people naked, with their hair hanging down %o the
middle of their backs, with their Faces cut out in ieveral
faihions, or flowers, with thin plates hanging at their Notes,
[ike Hog-rings, and fawning upon us like Children ', lome
Ppeaking in their unknown Tongue, others ufing figns lor
fuch things as we imagined they defired. Their fign for lome
of our Spanifh Wine was eafily perceived, and their requeft
moft willingly granted by our men,who with one realonable
Cup of Spamjh Sack prefently tumbled up their heels, and
left them like Swine tumbling on the Deck of our Ship. Af-
ter a while that our people hadfporfed with thefe rude and
Savage Indians, our two Cock-boats were ready to carry to
[hore fuch as either had Cloaths to Waih,or a defire to Bath
themfelves in a River of Freih Water which is within the
liland, ora mind to fet their feet again upon immoveable
Land,aftenfo many days of uncertain footing in a floating and
reeling Ship. Bui that day being far fpent ,our Friers refolved
to ftay in the Ship,and the next whole day to vifit the liland \
many of the Mariners and PalTengers oí all the Ships went
that evening to iliore, fome returning that night, and fome
without fear continuing with the Indians all night on ihore-
The next morning my felf and moft of our Friers went and
having Hired fome Spaniards to waíh eui Cloaths, we
P 3 wanai€«

■

,v;I

L

38 rA New > Survey Chap. VL

wandied fometimes all together, fometimes two and two
and fometimes one alone about the Ifland, meeting with
many Indians, who did us no hurt, but rather like Children
fawned upon us, offering us of their fruits, and begging of us
whatfoever toys of pins, points or gloves they efpied about us.
We ventured £0 go to fome of their houfes which ftood by a
pleafant River, and were by them kindly entertained, eating
of their Fiih, and wild Deers Fleih. About noon we
chanced to meet with fome of the Jefuits of Santa Gertrudis
Ship in the midft of the Mountain, who were very earneft
In talk with a Mulatto all naked like the reft of the Indians *
This M*to<?wasaChriftian,born in Sevil in Spain, and"
had been flave there formerly to a rich Merchant his name
was Lemt, and fpoke the Spanijh Language very perfectly;
Some twelve yars before, he had run away from his Mailer
by reaion of hard and ilavifh ufage, and having got to Cales,
offering his fervice to a Gentleman then bound (or America]
the Gentleman fearing not that his true Mailer fliould ever
have more notice of him from a new World, took him a
Ship. board ^jth him as his flave. The Mulatto remembiing
the many ftripes which he had fuffered from his firft cruel
Mailer, and fearing that from America he might by fome in-
telligence or other be fent back again to %¿«,and alfo jealous
©this feeond Mailer (whofe blows he had begun to fuffer in
the Ship ) that he would prove as cruel as his firft i when the
Ships arrived at Guadalupejtdolved rather to die amonft the
Indians (which he knew might be his hard fortune) man ever
more to live in flavery under Spaniards. So calling his life up-
on good orbad fbrtune,hc hid himfelt among the Trees in the
Mountain till the Ships were departed,who after being found
By thei»^/,and giving thtm fome toys which he had got
by flealth from hisMafter,he was entertained by them,they
liking him, and he them. Thus continued this poor Chri-
fHan Have among thofe Barbarians from year to year i who
liad care to hide himfelrat the coming of the Spanijb Fleet
yearly. In twelve years that he had thus continued amongft
fhetn, he had learned Üieir Language, was Married to an
Jndk^ by whom he had three Children living. The Jefuits

* by

Chap. VI. o/íkWeíMndies: 39

bv chance having met with him,and perceiving more ty the
Wooll upon his head, that he was a Mulatto, thai: ¡by his
black and tauny skin ( for thofe Indians Paint themfdyes all
over w** red colour ) they prefentlyimagined the truth that
hecouldnotcométhitherbutwithfome5^W;foentring

into difcourfe with him, and finding him to (peak Spamfc
they sot the whole truth of him. Then we pyning with
the Jefuits, began to pervade the poor Chnftian to for-
fake that Heatheniih life, wherein his foul could never
be fived, promifing him if he would go along with i»,
he (hould be free from ilavery for ever. Poor Soul, though
he had lived twelve years without hearing a word ottne
true God, Worihipping Stocks and Stones with the other
Heathens-, yet when he heard again ofChnft, oí eternal
Damnation in- hells Torments, and ofeyerlafting Salvation
in Heavens Joys, he began to weep, alluring us that he
would go with us, were it not for his Wife and Children,
whom he tenderly loved, and could not forfake them. 1 o
this we replyed, that he might be a means of laving like-
wife their Souls, if he would bring them with him i and
further that we would aflure him that care ihould be taken
that neither he, his Wife, nor Children ihould ever w*nt
means competent for the maintenance of their Iwes. Ine
Mulatto hearkned well to all this, though a fuddamfear
furprized him, becaufe certain Indians paifcdby,and noted
his long conference with us. The poor and timorous Mu-
latto then told us, that he was in danger, for having been
known by us, and that he fea*ed the Indians would kill
him, and fuipeä: that we would flea! him away, which
if they did, and it were noifed about the Ifliand, we ihould
foonfee their love changed into cruel rage and Mutiny.
We perfwaded him not to fear any thing they could do
to us i who had Soldiers, Guns and Ordnance to feeure
ours and his lifealfo, wifhing him to refolve to bring his
Wife and Children but to the Sea-iide, where our men
were drying their Cloaths, and would defend him, and
a Boat ihould be ready to convey him with his Wife and
Children a Ship-board. The Mulatto promifed to do as
D 4 w§

'. v

.,

B'

i ¡

4P r¿ New Survey Cfup.~ VjL

we haá Counfelled him, and that he would entice his' Wife
and Children to the Sea-fide to barter with us their Wa S
for ours, defirmg foroe of the Ttfuits fwh^K r jf
|hou,d know b/their black ¿olí Äere'Ä
h.mwitha Cock-boat. . ^wdeparted.astoushcfecld
refoluce ,„ what he had agreed ; Our joy' ükewifc w5S5
with the hope pf Wing to the light of Chrifiianiry five
foul, out of the darknefs of Heatbemlh Idol try The

&f° V^r With ,his "*«•«« defitou
that the happ, end and eonclufion might be their XT
So taking that leaves of us, they haftned to the sfa to
inform the Admiral of what they had done, and t0 pro
v,d«, that the Coek-boatofrheir Ship might betoreldinefs.

o ZZ„ er%ad hiS » WeJikewife returned
jo ftiore to fee if out Shirts and Cloaths were d,v
Mod of us ( among whom my felf was one ) finXg «£
Inner, ready and our Boat on thore went aboard to our
Ship, leaving two or three of our eompany with many of
other Ships on more, efpeeially the Jefuits waitTngfor
rf.e.r prey, when we came to our Ship, moft of ,he
Fuersw.th what love they had found in the Barbarians
were inflamed with a new Zeal of flaying in that lZd
and Converting thofe Heathens ,o Chrirtianity , appre-'
hending it an eafie bufinefs ( they being a lovhJ peoT )
and noways dangerous to us by reafon of theFleet that
yearly paffeth that way, and might enquire afer our

Uhñ ^hy {ome k was obA that it wá árafl,
and foohlhZeal with great hazard of the* lives, 3d many

me^ltD^tW¿Vb'F&ed a6ai"«f°°lindand Ample Z
attempt But thofe that were moft Zealous flighted all
teafons, iayirg that the worft that could happen to them
could be but to be Butchered, facrificedand eaten upi Z
Aat forfuch apurpoletheyhad come out of Spain o be
Crowned w„h the Crown of Martyrdom for ConfeilW
fM^rl^^^X W«'« ™ ™« hot n íf

/> i rr-, — -*»»* T»tjjtn» wc were not in this

folemn confusion, behold an uproar on the ihore » our
¡p.ope running to and fro to fave their lives, leaving their
gloaths^ndhaifing to ths Cock- boats, filling tiem fo faft

¡and

¡hap. Vi. of the Weft4ndíes: 41:

id fó full, that fome funk with all the people in them 5
x>ve all, moft pitiful and lamentable were the cries of
>me of our women, many cafting thctnfelves into the Sea
tioefing rather to venture to be taken up by fome Boat,
r at worft to be Drowned» than to be taken and to be
ruelly Butchered by the Indians. We wondering at this
adden alteration, not knowing the caufe of it, at laft
lerceived tiré Arrows to come out thick from the Wood
com behind the Trees, and thereby gueiTed at the truth
hat the Barbarians were Mutined. The uproar lafted not
lalf an our, for prefently our Admiral fliot off two or
hree Peeees of Ordnance and fent a Company of Soldiers to
hore to Guard it and our people with their Muskets *, which
vas well and fuddenly performed, and all the Indians
bon difperfed. Three of our Frierswho had remained
)n the Land, our Cock-boat brought them to us with
nore of our PaiTengers, among whom one Frier JohnVe
la Cueva, was dangeroufly ftiot and wounded in one of
bis Shoulders h this Frier had been earneft with me to ftay
Dn ihore with him, which I refufed, and fo efcaped that
cruel and fiery onfet of the Indians. Befides thofe that
were Drowned and taken up at ihore ( which were hTteera
perfons ) two Jefuits were found dead upon the Sand,
three more dangeroufly wounded, three PaiTengers like-
wife ilain, ten wounded, befides three more of the Fleet
which could never be found alive or dead, and were thought
to have been found in the Wood by the Indians % and to
have been Murthered by them. Our Mulatto LewU came
not according to his word i but in his ftead a fudden
Army of treacherous Indians, which gave us motive enough
to think, that either Lewis himfelf had difcovered the
Jefuits Plot to take him away with his Wife and Children;
or that the Indians fufpedting it by his talk with us, had
made him confefs it. And certainly this was the ground
of their Mutiny i for whereas ttewU before hadfaid, that
he would know the Jefuits by their black Coats, it feems
he had well defer ibed them above all the reft unto the
JzK&*ffx, for ( as is was after well obferved ) moft of the^r

Arrows

mm

4 '-m '

w

I L

'; :r

* A

!!i j

|F ¿Í New Survey Chap; Vil

arrows were directed to the black Marks, and fo five of then
ah 1 ! -T a ^r <>fan hour flain and wounded
M that night our Souldiers Guarded the Coaft, ofter
fhootmg off their Muskets to affright the Indians, whc
appeared no more unto us. All that night we flept little
for we watched our Ship, left the Indian? in their Canoa"

%?A A* TT US "¡d t3ke US afleeP« Some fenced
the dead and drowned, others pitied our wounded Frier
fabn déla Cueva, who all that night lay in great tor-
ment and mifery, others laughed and jeared at thole Zealous
Friers who would have fiayed in that Ifland to Con-
*ert the Barbarians faying they had their full defire of
Martyrdom for had they been but that night with the
Indians, doubtlefs they had been ihred for their Suppers
But now we perceived their Zeal was cool, and they de-
fired no more to flay with fuch a Barbarous kind of peo-
pies but rather wiihed the Admiral would (hoot off the
warning Pette for us all to take up our Anchors, and de-
part trombo dangerous a place. In the morning all the
Ships rtiade haft to take in fuch freih water as was ne-
ceflary for their Voyage yet to America, a ftrong Watch
being-kept along the Coaft, and a Guard Guarding our
men to the River * and all the morning while this was
doing not one Indian could be found or feenDnor our
three men that were miffing, appeared. Thus at noon
with a pleafant and profperous Gale we Hoifted up our
Sails, leaving the ¡flands and Harbour of Guadalupe

€ H A p. VIL

Of our further Sailingto St. John de Ulhua, alias,
Vera Crux 3 and of ur Landing there.

UPon the twenty fecond of Augujt, we Sailed fo
pleafantly that we foon left the fight of the Iflands j
The Indians uproar had weayed for us a thred of long

difeourfe >

:hap; Vil. of tk WeíWndies; 45

ifcourfe; It made fome hate their calling to teach and
ionvert Indians. But Calvo he encouraged us, telling us
rany ftoiiesofthe good and gentle nature of the Indians
f VbiliPPinaf, to whom we were going, and that moft of
hem were Chriftians already, who efteemed their Priefts as
5ods upon the Earth h and that thofe that were not as yet
inverted to Chrittianity, were kept in awe by the power
>f the Spaniards. Our chief care the firft two or three
lays was to look to our Plantins which we got from the
Indians. This Fruit pleafed us all exceedingly, judging it
0 be as good, or better than any Fruiting». It is not
gathered Ripe from the Tree '■> but being gathered Green, it
^s hung up fome days, and fo Ripens and grows Yellow and
Mellow, and every bit as fweet as Honey. Our Sugar
Danes were no lefs pleafing unto us, whilft chewing the pith,
we refreihed and fweetned our mouths with the juice. We
fed for the firft week almoft upon nothing but tortoith which
feemed likewife to us that had never before feen it, one of the
Sea monfters, the ftiell being fo hard as to bear any Cart
Wheel, and in fome above two yards broad '•> when firft they
were opened, we were amazed to fee the number of Eggs that
were in them, a thoufand being the leaft that we judged to be
in fome of them. Out Spaniards made with them an excellent
broth with all forts of Spices. The meat feemed rather Fieih
than Sea FiOi, which being corned with Salt, and hung up
two or three days in the Air, tañed like Veal. Thus our
Hens, our Sheep, our powdred Beef, and Gammons of
Bacon, which we brought from Spain*, were fome days
ilightedjWhile with greedy Stomachs we fell hard to our Sea-
Veal,

After four days Sail, our Frier John déla Cueva, who had
been (hot by the Indians, died-, all his body being fwelleds
which gave us juft occafion to think, that the Arrow which
was ihot into his ihoulder was Poifoned. His Burial was as
fokmnly performed as could be at Sea. His Grave being the
whole Ocean, he had weighty fiones hung to his feet, twe?
more to his (boulders, and pne to his breft ■■> and then the
fuperftitioiäs Romigt Dirige and Requiem being fung for his

Sou!,

f

1Í ''¡

i

44 ANewSuryey Chap. Vil

Soul, his Corps being held out to Sea on the Ship fide with
Ropes ready to ethim fali,all the Ship crying out th 7tCs
^^that^good^yageJtoLLnlchieS^

¿ ?°ÍPS ready toTravd t0 i^deep tofced the Whale
£$£ 1 ?5 Eft ?rtance were ftot ofl. the K on V
Stones plunged deep into the Sea,whom no morfal eyes evil
more beheld The like we faw performed In the Ship of

tjL A ^ % an°ther Iefuit> one of the three who
had been dangeroufly wounded by the Indians of Guadalupe
who hkewrfc died like our Frier, his body being fuelled as
wnh Poyfon. No* jOurSailingwasmoreconlo t"b Than
before * for we paíTed in light of the Land Tuerto ^ and
then of the great liland of St. Domingos and here our
companybegan to bclcffencd, fome departing to PueZRZ]
and Sf. Dommga, others to Cartagena, and Havana, and
Honduras Jamaca, mdjucatan. We remained now alone
the Fleet for Mexico > and fo Sailed till we came to what the
Spaniards cM ¿a Sonda, or the Sound of Mexico, for
here we otten founded the Sea , which was fo calm, that a
whole week we were fiayed for want of wind, fcarce ftirring
from the place where firfi we were caught by the calm. Here
ÄWei ^ad g'eat fport in Fitliing^ lling again our beliies
with potados, and favmg that Provifion which we had
brought from Spam. But the heat was fo extraordinary
that the day was no pleaíüre unto us i for the repercuffion of
the Suns heat upon the ftill Water and Pitch of our Ships
tailed a fcorching fire, which all the day diftempered our
bodies with a conflant running fweat, forcing us to caft off
moa of our Cloaths. The evenings and nights were fome-
what more comfortable, yet the heat which theSun had left
in the Pitched Ribs and Planks of the Ship wasfuch, that
under Deck and in our Cabins we were not able to fleep but
in our fhirts were forced to walk, or fit, or lie upon the.
Oeck. The Mariners fell to waihing themfelves and to '
i wimming till the infortunate death of one in the Ship called
2jt. Francifco, made them fuddenly leave off that fport
¿he pearer we came to the main Land, the Sea abounds" -\

with ^

'ty;

:hap. Vil of the Weft-Indies^ 45

rith a monftrousFifh called by the Spaniards, tiburón. Some
liftake this Fiih for the Caiman, or Crocodile, holding them
oth forone-,andthinkingthatiti$onlytheC«i«««orCro-
dih( by abufe called fibmon) which devours mans flefh,
whole joint at a bit in the water. But the miftake is grofs,
i>r the Caiman is plated all over with ihellsl whereas the
riburon hath noQiells, but only like other great Sea Fifties,
lath a thick skin. The Caiman though the Indians eat of
t,yet the Spaniards hate it -> who cat of the Tiburón ', and
n our Ship catching one with a tridental Iron Fork, and
laling him with a Cable Rope to the Ship fide, and then
>indinghim with it, ( being as much as a dozen or fifteen
nen could doto hoife him up into the Ship) we-found him to
3e a moft monftrous creature, twelve Ells long at leaf!, which
we Salted, and found likewise to eat likeFleih, as hath been
faid of the tortoU. This kind is as ravenous after mans fleih
as the Crocodile, and many of them were to be feen in that
Sound of Mexico.

The Spaniards Bathing themfel ves dayly by the Ships hde,
( where there is no fuch danger of the tiburón '■> who ufeth
wot to come too near the Ships ) one Mariner of the Ship cal-
led St. Francifco being more venturous than the reft, and of-
fering to Swim from his Ship, to fee fome friends in another
not tar off, chanced to be a moil unfortunate prey to one of
them, who before any Boat could be fet out to help him,
was thrice feen to be pulled under water by the Monfter,who
had devoured a leg, an arm, and part of his (houlder ; the
reft of the body was after found and taken up, and carried
to St. Francifco, and there buried in the form and manner
as hath been faid of our Frier John de la Cueva, They that
go down totbefeainJhipSj tbefefee the works of the Lord, and
bis wonders in the deep, Pfalm 1 07V 2 3 , 2 4. Here they (hall
fee not only Whales.but other fillies like Monfters mafteiing
ftrong and valiant men, with feveral fcts of (harp, iirong and
mighty teech,devouringat one bit whole limbs withfleih and
bones together. This mifchance fadde d all our Fleet for three
days, till it pkafed, God to refreih our burping heat with a
cool and profpeious wind, dibíng us out of that calm Sound,

which

¥

rÄ New Survey Chap. VII.

m

3 "hi

i

which C if we had continued in it with that exceflive heat }
might have prove moft unfound and unhealthy to our bodies
Threedays after we had Sailed,being Munday in the morning
about leven of the Clock, one of our Friers faying Mafs and
all the people in the Ship kneeling to hear it, and to adore
their bread God, one Mariner with a loud and fudden voice
cryeth out fierra, 'tierra, fierra, Una, Land, Land, which
rejoyced the hearts of ail that were in the Ship, as it feemed
more than their Mafs, for leaving that, and their God upon
the Altar with the Prieft to eat him alone, they arofe from
their knees,to behold the Continent of America. Great was
the joy of all the Ships that day i and great was the flaughter
which our old Calvo made among his Fowls, ( which he
had fpared formerly ) to Feaft that day his Friers.l About
ten of the Clock the whole face of the Land was vifibly ap-
parent5and we with full Sail running to embrace it. But our
wife Admiral knowing the danger of theCoaft, and efpeci-
ally the dangerous entering into the Haven,by reafon of the
many Rocks that lie about it, and are known only by Marks
and Flags fet out to give all Ships warning of them,percei ving
that with the wind wherewith we Sailed then,we ihould not
come till towards evening to the Port ; and Iaftly, fearing
left fome North- wind (which is dangerous upon that Coaft,
and ordinary in the month oí September ) ftould in the night
arife,and endanger all our Ships upon the Rocks i he therefore
called to Council all the Pilots, to know whether it were beft
to keep on our Sailing with full Sail that day, with hopes to
get that day in good time into the Haven, or elfe with the
middle Sail only to draw near, that the next morning with
more fecurity we might with the help of Boats from Land be
guided in. Therefultof the Council was not to venture that
day too near unto the Port, for fear of being benighted, but
to pull down all but the middle Sail. The wind began to
calm, and our Ships to move ilowly towards Land, and To
we continued till night, A double Watch was kept that
night in our Ship, and the Pilot was more Watchful himfelf
and more Careful than at others times j But our Friers betook
themfelves to their seft •, which eentinued not long for before

midfligh

hap. VII. of the Weft-Indies: 47

dnight the wind turned to theNorth5which caufed a fud-
n and general cry and uproar in ours, and all the othei
lips. Our Mariners came to the Friers, ufing almoñ the
ue words of Jonah i. 6. What meanefi thou, O fleeptr i*
rife, call upon thy God, iffo be that God mH thinly upon us%
%t »e pertjh not. They changed the name of God into the
leffed Virgin Mary, in whom they fcem to confide in fuch
¡cafions more than in God himfelf. Their fear was more
r the apprehenfion of danger by that kind of wind, and of
hat might happen,than for what as yet the wind threatned,
hich was not ftrongnor boifterous i however hallowed Wax
andles were lighted by the Friers, knees bowed to Mary,
etanies and other Hymns and Prayers iung aloud unto her,
11 towards the dawning of the day j when behold the North
ind ceafed, out wonted gale began to blow again, it being
rods will and pleafure, and no effed of the howling Friers
rayéis to Mary, who yet fupeiftitioufly to deceive the
mple people, cryed out, Milagroy Milagro , Milagro, a
liracle, a Miracle, a Miracle. By eight of the Cloch in the
lorning we came to the fight of the houfes, and made figns
>r Boats to convey us into the Haven > which immediately
rith great joy came out, and guided us one by one between
bofe Rocks, which make that Port as dangerous as any I have
lifcovered in all my Travels both upon the North and South
lea. Our Waits play'd moft pleafantly, our Ordnance ia-
ated both Town and Fort over againft it, our 'hearts and
ountenances reciprocally rejoyced i we cait our Anchors,
vhich yet were not enough to fecure our Ships in that moft
langerous Haven, but further with Cable Ropes we fecured
hem to Iron rings,which for that purpofe are faftned into the
feVall of the Fort, for fear of the ftrong and boifterous Nor-
ton winds. And thus welcoming one another to a new
World, many Boats waiting for us, we prefently went with
¡oy to fet footing \u America,

CHAft

48

d New Survey Chap. Vil]

Ch

A P,

VIII.

Of our Landing at Vera Crux, otherwife St. johr
de Ulhua, and of our entertainment there,

UPon the iwelfth day oí September, we happily arrived in
America in that famous Town called St. John de Vlhua,
otherwiie Vera Crux i famous for that it was the firft begin
rung of the famous Conqueft of that Valiant and ever re-
nowned Conquero* Hernando Cortez. Here firft was that
Noble and Generous refolution, that never heard of Policy to
hnk the Ships which had brought the firft Spaniards to that
Continent, greater than any of the other three parts of the
WorId,to the intent that they might think of nothing but fuch
a Conqueft as after followed, being deftitute of the help of
their Ships, and without hopes evermore to return to Cuba
Wueatan, or any ofthofe parts from whence they had come
Here it was that the firft five hundred Spaniards ftrengthned
chemfelvesagainft millions of enemies, and againft the big-
gert fourth part of all the World. Here were the firft Wi-
itrates, Judges, Aldermen, Officers of Juftice named. The
proper name of the Town is St. John deVlbita, otfier-
wilc called Vera Crux from the old Harbour and Haven
of Vera Crux, fix leagues from this, and fo called, for
that upon good Friday it was firft difcovered. But the
ola Vera Crux proving too dangerous an Harbour for Ships,
feyreafon of the violence of the Northern winds, it was
utterly forfaken by the Spaniards, who removed to St. John
deVlhua, where their Ships found the firft fafe Road by
reäfon of a Rock, which is a ftrong defence againft the
winds. And becaufe the memory of the work of that
good Friday (hOuld never be forgotten, to St. John de Vlbua
they have added the name alio of Vera Crux, taken from
that firft Haven which was discovered upon good Friday,
4fflot5ip.

As

Jháp. VIH- of the Weft-Indies. 49

As foon as we came to ihore,we found very folemn prepa»
itions for entertainment \ all the Town being refortcd to the
ea-fide, all the Prieflsand Canons of the Cathedral Church
11 the Religious Orders of the feveral Convents (which are
here Dominicans, Francifcans, Mercenarians, andjefuits )
eing in a readinefs with their GrolTesborn 6efore them, to
uide the new Viceroy of Mexico, in proceflion to the chief
Cathedral Church. The Friers and Jefuits were quicker in
ping to land, than the great Don the Marquefs de Serralvo
nd his Lady. Some of them kiiFed the ground as holy in
heir opinion, for the Converfion of thofe Indian t to Ghri-
tianiiy, who before had wo» (hipped Idol?, and facrificed to
devils v others kneeled upon their knees making (hort prayers
ome to the Virgin Mary, others to iuch Saints as they beft
ffe&ed i and fo betook themfdves to the places and nations
>f thofe of their Profeifion. in the mean time, all the Can-
ions playing both from Ships and Caftle, landed the Vice-
oy and his Lady, and all his Train, accompanied with Von
Martin de Carrillo the Vifitor-General for the ftrife between
he Count of Gelves the laft Viceroy, and the Aich-biíhopof
Mexico. The great Von and his Lady being placed under a
Canopy of State,began the Te Deum to be fung,with much va-
riety of mufical Inaruments,all marching in Proceflion to the
Cathedral, where with Lights of burning LampSj Torches
md Wax-candles, was to the view of all/At upon theHigh-
Mtar their God of Bread '■> to whom all knees were bowed,
1 Prayer of Thankfgiving fung, Holy water by a Prieft
fprinkled upon all the people, and laftly, a Mafs, with three
Prkfts, folemnly celebrated. This being ended, the Vice-
roy was attended on by the Chief High- Juftice, named Al-
calde Major, by the Officers of the Town, fome Judges fent
From Mexico to that purpofe, and all the Souldiers of the
Ships and Town, unto his Lodging : The Friers likewife in
Proceflion, with their Crofs before them, were conduced to
their feveral Gloiflers. Frier Colvo preferred his Dominicans
to the Prior of the Cloifter of St. VomimcJ^who entertain-
ed us very lovingly with'fome Sweet- meats, and every one
With a Gup of the Indian drink, sailed Qbocolmei wheieof
E- ' 1

!■

:'!

Jo J New Survey Chap. VlII,

3 fhali fpeak hereafter. This Refreihment being ended, we
proceeded coa better, which was a moft flately Dinner both
of FiOi and Fleíh i no Fowls were fpared, many Capons,
Turki y-Gocks and Hens were prodigally laviihed, to ihew
ns the abundance and plenty of Provition of that Country.
The Prior of this Cloifter was no Staid, Ancient Grey-headed
Man, fuchas ufually are made Superiours to govern young
and wanton Friers i but he was a Gallant and Amorous
young Spark,who (as tve were there informed ) had obtained
from bis Superiour the Provincial Government of that Con.
vent, with a Bribe of a thoufand Duckats. After Pinner
he had fome of us to his Chamber, where we obferved his
iightneis, and little favour of Religion or Mortification in
him : We thought to have found in his Chamber fome ftately
Libraiy, which might tell us of Learning and love of Study;
but we found not above a, dozen old Books, iianding in a
corner, covered with duft and cobwebs, as if they were
aihamed that the Trcafure that lay hid in them, ihould be fo
much forgotten and undervalued i and the Guitarra (the
Spanijb Lute ) preferred and fet above them. His Chamber
was richly drciicd and hung with many Pictures, and with
Hangings,fome made with Cotton-Wool!, others with va-
rious coloured Feathers of Mechoacan, his Tables covered
with Carpets of Silk i Cupboards adorned with feveral
lores oiCbina Cups and Difhes, fiored within with feveral
Painties of Sweet-meats and Confervcs.

This fight feemed to the zealous Friers of our Million moft
vain, and unbeieeming a poor and Mendicant Frier i to the
others, whofe end in coming from Spain to thofe parts was
Liberty, and Loofnefs, and Covetouinefs of Riches this light
was pleafing, and gave them great encouragement to enter
further into that Country, where foon a Mendicant Lazarus
might become a proud and wealthy Dives. The dsfcouife
of the young and light-headed Prior, was nothing but vain
boailingof Himfelf, of his Birth, .his parts, his favour with
the chief Superiour or Provincial,the love which the beft. La-
dies, the licheft Merchants Wives of the Town bare unto him,
'of his clear and excellent Vuicesand greai dexterity in Mufiek

whewof

i i

-hap. VIII. of fíe Weft-Indies. 5 \

vhercofhe prefently gave us a tafte, tuning his Guittarra*
ind finding to us Tome Vcrfes (as he faid,of his own compo-
ine) Tome lovely Aryí/¿.<,adding fcandal tofcanaa1,loofncls
o liberty i which it grieved fome of us to fee itva Supenour
who (hould have taught with words, and in his Life and
Sonverfation, examples of Repentance arid Mortification.
SIo fooner were our Senfes of Hearing delighted well with
MuGck, our Sight with the objeäs of Gotten- Wooi, oilk
and Feather- works, but prefently our Prior caufed to be
brought forth of all his flore of Dainties, fuch variety as
might likewife relifti well and delight our Senfe of Tailing.
Thus as we were truly tranfporced from Europe to, America,
fo the World feemed truly to be altered, our Senfes changed
From what they were the night and day before, when we heard
the hideous noife of the Mariners, hoifmg up Sails \ when
we faw the Deep, and Monftew of it \ when we tailed the
ft inking water \ when we fmelt the Tar and Pitch ; But here
we heard a quivering and trembling Voice, and Inftrument
well tuned, we beheld Weahh and Riches, we tailed what
was facet, and in the Sweet-meats fmelt the Musk and Civet,
wherewith that Epicurean Prior had feafoned hisConferves*
Here we broke up our Difcourfe and paitimes, defirous-to
walkabroad and take a view of the Town, having no more -
rime than that and the next day to nay in it. We compared
it round that afternoon i and found the fituation of it to be
fandy, except on the South- weft tide, where it is Mooriill
ground, and full 'of Handing Bogs •, which with the great
heats that are there, caufe it to be a very unhealthy place :
The number of Inhabitants may be three thoufand, and
amongft them fome very rich Merchants, fome worth two
hundred, fome three hundred, and fome four hundred thou-
f md Duckats. Of the Buildings little we obferved,for they
are all, both Houfes, Churches and Cloifters, built with
Boards and Timber, the Walls ofthericheft mans Houfe be-
ing made but of boards, which with the impetuous Winds
from, the North, hath been the caufe that many times the
Town hath been for the moft part of it burnt down to the
ground. Tfee great Trading from Mexks, and by Mexico
E a from

f

III

1 I

1;

A New Sumy Chap. VIII

52

frorotheEa/f Mia\ fiom Spam, JwmCuba, Sf. Doming
jvcatan, Pcrtokh, 2nd hy PortobeHo (row Pem, (torn Car-
sagena, and all the filands lying upon the North-Sea, and
by the Rivet A harada going up to Zapotecos, St. Ildefonfo,
and towards Guaxaca, and by the River Grijaval, running
uptoiabjjco, Los Zeques and Cbiapa de Indios, maketh this
little Town very rich, and to abound with all the Commo-
dities of che Continent Land, and oí all the Ea(l and We{l-
Udias Freafures, The unhealthily of the place is th,e rea-
ten o the paucity of Inhabitants, and the paucity of them,
togchpr with the rich Trading and Commerce, the Reafons
t.iat the Merchants therein are extraordinary rich i who yet
might have bien far richer, bad' not the Town been fo often
toed, and they in the fire had great kits. All the ftrength
oi. this Town kkzi} the hard and dangerous cntiancc into
tfte Haven ; and lecondly, a Rock which Ikth before the
iilZn> !d? than a Mu5ket ft°i °ff i upon which is built a
Oaitle, ana in the Oaftie a flight Garifon of Souldiers. . In
tneTown mere ¡s neither Fore nor Caftle, nor fcarce any
people of Warlike mhds. The Rock and Caftle are as a
■Wall.Pcfcncc and Inclolmeto ch¿ Haven, which otherwifc
heth wide open to the Ocean, and to the Northern Winds.
No amp dares call Anchor within the Haven, but only under
she Rock and Cattle, and yet not fine enough fo with An-
chors, excepr with Cable* alio they be bound ard faftned to
King? ci lion, fur that pwpofr, to the tide of the Rock , from
whence fometimesn hath happned, thatShips floating with
the llrearotoo much on one, fide the Rock, have been driven
off and call upon the other Rocks, or out to the Ocean, the
Uables of their Anchors,and thofe wherewith they have been
hltned to the CalUe, being broken with the force of the
Winds. This happned to one of our Ships the firft night af-
ter we landed ; who were hapy that we were not then at
Sea : For there arofe iuch a ftorm and tempeft from the
North, that it quite broke the Cable, of one Ship, and drove
n out to the mam Sca^nd we thought it would have blown
znú droven usout oí our beds after- it i for the flight boarded
fí ;.u;es did fo ijt%? and (hake, üm we expected cveiy hour

when

51

íhap.íVííL of the WeftJndies.

hen they would fall upon our heads. We had that night
lough oí St. John de Vttnea, and little reft, though feaind
rweil at Supper a* at Dinner by our vain boaftmg Prior,
too before we went to bed, had caufcd all our feet to be
rafted, that now in eaficr beds than for above two months
«ether the ftrait and narrow Cabins of the Ship had aliow-
i us our fleep might be more quiet, and more nouruatng
3 our bodies i but the -whiffling Winds and tottering
>hambers,which made our Beds uncafie Cradles to us,cauled
s to flie from our reft at rnidnighMnd with our bare (though
iraQied ) feet, to feek thedirty Yard for fafer ihclter^ In
he morning the Friers of the Cloifter, who were acquainted
rith thoi'e Winds and Storms, laughed at our feartulneh i
(Turing us, that they never .flept better, than when their
ieds were rocked with fuch like Wafts. But that nights At-
rightment made us weary already of our good and kind En-
ertainment : We detired to removefrom the Sea- fide s wmcrj
>ur Superiour «^yielded to,not tor our fears fake fo much
is for his fear, left with eating too much of the Fruits of that
Country, and drinking after them too greedily of the Wa-
rer, ( which caufed dangerous Fluxes, and hafteneth death
to'thofe that newly come from Spain to thofe parts) we
hould fall tick, and die there, as hundreds did after
sur departure, for want of temperance in the ufe of thole
Fruits, which before they had never feen or eaten. Thirty
Mules wereieady for us, which had been brought a purpofe
from Mexico, and had waited for us in St, John deVibwz
fix days before ever the Fleet arrived. Calvo that day bu-
fied himfelfa ibip board, in fending to {hoi e our Chefts, and
fuch provifion as had been left of Wines, and Bisket, Gam-
mons of Bacon, and falced Beefs whereof there was fome
ftore, betides a dozen Hens, and three. Sheep s which was
much wondered at, ihat fo much 'íhould be left, after fo
long a Voyage. In the mean time we vilited our Friends,
and took our leaves of them in the forenoon * and after
Dinner feats were prepared for us in the Cathedral Church
to lit and fee a Comedy a&cd, which had been on purpofe
ftudie4and prepared by «he Town, for the Entertainment
E 3 of

54

ofm

A New Survey Chap IX:

:w Viceroy of Mexico, Thus two days onely wc
i Sl John deVlhua, and fo departed.

Chap, ix.

Of our Journey from St. John de Vlhmto Mexico *
and o) the mofi remarkalle Towns and Filiates

in the way.

T | Pon the 14. day of Sqtmbtr we left the Town and
W4. fort of Sf. >¿We WW, string into the Road to
Mexzcoi which we found che hrft three or four leagues to
be.veryfanay, as wide and open as is our Road from Lon-
don f o St; ¿ibans. ■ i he n/ft ##,„ we met with, was at
toe old ftra Crux a I own Gated by the Sea-fide, which the
Spamaras that hrft conquered that Country, thought to
have made their chief Harbour; But afterwards, bv rea fon

01 t

re Ima 1! inetcr they found in it for their Ships againii
tne North Winds, they kit it, and removed to St. John de
Ui.km, Here we began to djfeover the power of the Priefis
and triers over the poor Indian^ and their fubjeäions and
■to Wience unto them. 1 he Prior of St. John de Vlhua had
• writ- a Letter unto them (he day before of our paffinj* thn
way, charging them to meet us in the way, and to welcome
us imo rocíe parts s which was by the poor Indians gallantly
perfoitmd i for two miles before we came to the Town there

«»er us on Horie- back fome twenty ofthe chief of the Town
prefenting unto every one of us a Nofegay of Flowers i who
ridi>dore us a Bow-fhnt, till, we- met with more company
on loot to wit, the Trumpeters, the Waits i (who found-
c-i pleafantly all the *ay before us) the Officers of the
Church, fuch as here we call .Church- wardens,, though more
in number, according to the many Sodalities or Confrater-
nities of Saints whom they ierve : Thtfe likewife prefcnted to
each of us a Nofe gay. Next met us the Singing-men and
foys, all the Queniters, who Ibftly and Jdfoirely. walked

before

2hap. IX. of the «-Indies. 55

,efore us fuming, Te r«*w W*»»» tiU *'e camct0 ÍC
nídu o -hfow, where were two great Elm- trees, the
hkf Ma ket place there was fct up an long Arbour with
r en Bowt and a Table ready furnilhcd with Boxes of
Serves and other Sweet-meats, and Diet-bread, to pre-

vasfeafoning with the hot- water and fugar, the chiet in
SL and Officers of the Town made a Speech unto us

a^g nrft kneeled down and Med our hands one by on
Fhey Welcomed us into their Country calling us ti Apo-
lles of Tcfus Chriit, thanked us for that we had left our

wn Country, our Friends, our Fathers and Mothers fo
ro fave their Souls : They told us, they honoured ..as ; Gods
jpon Earth, and many iuch Complements t aey uied ul
oEr Chocolate was brought. We itfrelhed ourfclve* .for
the fpace of an hour,and gave karty thanks ^ln^
for their kind refpe&s unto us i affuring them, tha t notUwg

that we might fave, we regarded not Sea nor Land.dangers
not the inhumane Cruelties of barbarous and favagci«^x
( who as yet had no knowledge of the true God ; no, not

our own lives. # . .'Sv r

And thus we took our leaves, giving unto the chiet ox
them fome Beads, fome Medals, fome Crcffcs of Brafs, fome
AqtmVá, fome Reliques brought fiom Spain, and to every
one of the Town an indulgence of forty years. ( which the
Pope had granted untous,tobeftow where,and upon whom,
and as often as we would ) wherewith we began to blind that
fimple people with ignorant,erroneous and popiih P««cipks.
As we went out of the Arbour to take our Mules, behold the
Market-place was lull of Indian men and women* who as
they faw us ready to depart, kneeled upon the ground, as
. adoring us for ableffmg v which as we rid along, wpbeftow-
td upon them with lifted up hands on high* making over
them the fign of the Crofs. And this fubmUiton of the poor
Indians unto the Piiefis in thofc parts •, this vain-glory in ad-
mitting fuch ceremonious Entertainment and Publick Wor-
{hio from them, didfo pari up fome of our young Friers
£ 4 hearts.

M

V

I? ,1

1 I

5¿ rA New Survey Chap IX.

hearts that abeady they thought therofelves better than the

beiiBiifcops m Spain, who chough proud enough, yet "ever

ravel there with fuch pnbHck Acclamations as we dS. The

Waits and Trumpets founded again before us, and the chief

of the Town eonduaed us a mile forward, ana fo took the r

TownJ hrfl tWryS We,0d§ed bUf '" P°0t «¡MA
Towns, among whom we «ill tound kind Entertainment!
and good itore of Provifion, efpecially of Hens, Capons
Turkeys, and feveral fots of Fruits. The third day at n™hc

7rl2T Tf gr"í T0Wni Confiftin8 of »«' 'wo thouffnd
Inhabitants,^ Spaniards^ l*dia„,,a\ké,XaUpa de la
Vera Cmx. This Town in the year, ,e34. was made a new
Eifhops See ( the Bifhoprick of the City called La Tuebll
U, «r.bemg divided into two) and this being no, above

I M e» Ä • ^f5 ¡n 3 Very f",i!e Soil f°< «¿S
Wlxat called M«2, and fome S/^/z, Wheat. There are

many Towns about it of /«*„, ; but what makes it rich

are the many Farms of Sugar, and feme which they 11

Manm , rich Faror.s for breeding of Mules and Cattel \ and

likewise Farms oiCocbmil. In this Town there is but

Ti ¥1% Tr '"i3" ¡í ri0Ur Ch Wcl> b0!h belong^
oaClo.fter of Francifcao Friers, wherein we were lodge!
nat mghr, and the -next day, being ,he Lord's Day. Though

ÍbovAT^Cf tk p C1°m" bi «*'■ >£t !t ""¡"tains not
above half a do?en Friers, where twenty might be plentifully
maintained ; thai fo thofe few Lubbers might be nfore abun-
dantly, and like Epicures, fed and nourimed. The Supe-
nour or Guarda of this Cloiiier, was no lefsvain than The

Pr' fffin 7t dtTM Íand ,h0U^hí «erenotoiou
Prefcflion, yet he welcomed us with ftately Entertainment

Here and wherefoever farther we travelled wefiillfoundb
rhe Prtefts and friers loofnefs of li(e,and their way and
proceednigs contrary to the ways of the» profeffion,,worn to
by a folemn Vow and Covenant. This Order efpecially of the
Mendicant Francifcan F.iers voweth ( befides Chahity and
Obedjencej Povertymore ftriaiy to be obferved, than any
other OideroftheÄ^ Church ; for their Cloth ngought

:hap: IX. of the Weft-Indies. 57

) becourie Sack-cloth-, «heir Girdles made of Hemp, mould
e no finer than ifcotig Halters •, their Shirts (hould be but
Woollen, their Legs mould knowooitockings,theirFeetno
loes, but at the moit and beft either wooden clogs or fan-
als of Hemp, their hands and fingers mould not fo much as
[>uch any mony, nor they have the ufe, or poíTeíTion,or pro-
iriety of any, nor their journeys be made eafie with the help
>f Horfes to carry them, but painfully they ought to travel on
oot v and the breach of an> of thefe they acknowledge to be
, deadly and mortal fin, with the guilt of a high Soul-damn-
ng, and Soul curfing Excommunication. Yet for all thefe
Jonds and Obligations, thofe wretched Imps live in thofe
:arts, as though they had never vowed unto the Lord,ihew-
ngin their lives, that they have vowed what they are not
ible to preform. I í was to us a ftrange and icandalous fight,
to fee here in Xalappa a Frier of the Cloifter riding with his
Lackey-boy by his tide,upon a goodly Gelding (having gone
but to the Towns end, as we were informed, to hear a dying
man's Confeffion) with his long Habit tucked up to his Girdle
making (hew of a fine (ilk Orange-colour Stockin upon his
legs, and neat Cordovan fhoes upon his root, with a fine
Holland pair of Drawers, with a Lace three inches broad at
knee. This fight made us willing to pry further into this
and the other Friers carriages, under whole broad fleeves we
could perceive their Doublets quilty with filk, and at their
wrifts the Laces of their Holland ftiirts. in their talk we
could difcern no Mortification, but mere vanity and world-
linefs. After Supper, fome of them began to talk of carding
and dicing .- They challenged us that were but newcomers
to thofe parts, to a Piimera -, which though moft of ours re-
fufed, fome for want of money, fome for ignorance of that
Game, yet at lait, with much ado, they got two of our
Friers to joyn with two of theirs j fo the Cards were hand»
fomely muffled, the vies and revies were doubled, Lofs made
fome hot and blind with paffion •, Gain made others eager and
covetous : And thus was that Religious Cloifter made all
night a Gaming houfe ; and fworn Religious Poverty5turned
into profane and worldly Covetoufnefs, We that beheld form

BBS

IX.

.:!',

58 A New Survey Chap.

S*5T fu *f0rt increafd' fcandals w the fport were
£¿%W^ c~ Oath

** a a Cbrtfto, Foto a Dios , and alfo by feoffing and ¡earing
at the reí,g¡0us Vows of Poverty, which they had vowed!
for oneof the Francifcans, though formerly he had touched \
«on*, and with his fingers had laid it ¿the fíake on the
Í7V y a Comc}iau* «? ma^ the Company laugh, if he
had chanced to win a double vie (and fometimes the vis and
levies went round of twenty Patacons ) then would he take
the end of one fleeve of his Habit, and open wide the other

Oiher flcevc, faying I have vowed not to touch mom, not to
yep any, I meant then a natural Contaä of it, but mV
fleevemaytmc» it, and myfleevemy h$ep it : Shewing with
fajffi and Ps of his lips, what Region was in jSSSS
My ears nnglcd with hearing fach Oaths, my tongue would
^^fome^of^cjTOf, but that I confidered
my fclf a Gueft and a «ranger in a itrange Houfe i and that
it I ihould fay, any thing it would do no good : So filcntly
Í departed I to my reft, leaving the Gamefters, who continued
til 1 bun- riling; and in the morning I was informed, that the
jefting Frier, that rather roaring Boy,than Religious Franejf,
c*n7 hrtcr tot SardaHapalHt, or Epicurus his School, than to
h ve in a Uoiiter, had loll fourfcore and odd Patacons i his
feve it feerns refufing to keep for him what he had vowed
never to poffcfs. Here I began to had out by experience of
theie Piancifcans, that Liberty and Loofnefs of Ufe it was
that brought yearly fo many Friers and Jefuits from Spain
to thofe pairs, rather than zealof preaching the Gofpel, and
converting Souls to Ghrift \ which indeed being an aét of
higheU Charity, they make a fpecial Badge of che truth of
ffaeii Religion : But the loofnefs of their Lives íhcwcth evi-
dently, that the love of Mony, Vain-glory, of Power and Au-
thority over the poor Indians* is their end and aim, more than
any love of God.

From Xalappa we went to a place, called by the Spaniards
La Rinconada, which is no Town nor Village, and therefore

not

:hap. IX. of the Weft-Indies. 59

ot worth mentioning in fuch a Road as now I am in ; yet
; famous in two things, it muft not be omitted amongii
teater places. This place ftands fo far from any othes Town
lat Travellers can fcarce make their journeys without either,
airing there at noon, or lying thcic at night, or declining
hree or four miles out of the Road io fomc Indians Town.
t is no more than one Houfe, which the Spaniards call \ Venta,
»rasourE»j?/i/&,Inn, featedin the coiner oía low Valley,
vhich is the hotteft place from St. John de Vlbaa to Mewco :
\bout it are the beft Springs and Fountains in all trie Road s
md the Water, though warm with the heat oí the Sun, yet
is fvveet as any Milk. The inn-keepers knowing well the
Spaniards heat, that it feekscool and refre(hingdrink, have
[pedal care fo to lay in Water in great earthen Vtflcls, which
they fet upon a moift and watenih Sand, that it is fo cold,
that it maketh the teeth to chatter. This fweetnefs, and this
ccolnefs together of that Water in fo hot and fcorchmg a
Country, was to us a wonder, who could iind no other Ke-
freihment from that extraordinary hear. Be fide, our Pro-
vifions here of Beef, Mutton3Kid,Hcns, Turkeys, Rabbets,
Fowls, and efpccially Quails, was fo plentiful md cheap,
that we were aftoniíhcd at it. The Valley and Country
about it is very rich and fertile, full of Spani{h Farms ofc
Sugar and Cochinil, Spanifh.&nd Indian Wheat. But what
maketh me more efpecially remember this Venta, or Inn, is,
for that though Art and Experience of man have found a
way to provide for Travellers in fo hot a place, cool, and re-
freíhing Water, and God hath given it the fweetnefs oí Milk,
and tcuhe place fuch abundance of Provifion i yet all this in
the day only is comfortable and pleafant í but in the night the
Spaniards cd\\ it Cumpa en infiemo.thzt is to fay, Comfits in
Hell i for not only the heat is fo extraordinary, that k is sm>
poifible to be feeding without wiping away the continual
fweat oí the face, whofe drops from the brows, are always
rtady to blind our eyes, and to fill with fauce our diih?s.S but
the (warms of Gnats are fucha that waking and fl'eeping no
device of man is able to keep them off. True it is3 moil of
us had our Pavilions which we carried wjjhus, to hang about

and

i i

60 A New Survey Chap. ÍX.

Vtogs, Would ffilS ,1,!tt ***" PUSueof

3rc not i but iuft af Qlín í%^; \.^ , ln thcc?ay they

-d atSun-ri/iog a^n; £ g„8thCI¿egm *° ¿"T ^
troublefome night we found A, ?' " «»*•««"»« »d
f perfed and ÄÄ^a^fe^Ä had
flee away from that place with r,m85rrf°ruSt0
early we departed m a Tn,!f 1 r * and fo fro,B then«

¡ng w, !, Son ' A 3S- ,tandferti!'and aboun-

*rtd¡* had ÍíJRSSÍSF"^ « '«*
cd bottTbv' i'!- WC *? (c a ToWn calkd %*"> ¡"habit-
thoÄiÄ^c ?^^«»nM"l * about a

«in glorious as thofe «&S^%£$$* "* '
fcS.nn,.„g and foundation b? *J C^,^ *

A ™ . .° Spmiardt thit came from St. M« •

íSr* "'n' TnñAe Cuacan, and people oí Te-
S5Ä rí£ p',ed Í ,he **"*«***l fo muchPannoyed
fhc #***•&. But what moft incenfed Cones, was that If
W 1 h>, fcft repulfe from AfcÄ, .hei&Ä
htm and the reft of his Company, who they h a?d h7d
been dangeroufly wounded, and were retired to 22*5*'
rprec^randftrengchenthemfeWesuhertwnS::
•nd Te^, then ,„ League with the Mtxicans^ñ
Cortes and the Town ofT/^fi», ly ing jn wait for thf |1
JW¿, cook twelve of them, and facrified them a he Ä
Idols, and ear then fl£(h. Whereupon c«« de red
M««w a chief Captain of tla^i, and divers «for
Gentlemen of that Town, to go with him,and ro help hta to

*elv of h,s S^W,; and fa* the dai! an<J y « »
A «ralfodrd to the Inhabitants of llaJllan, with theheíp
offheualbed Fronds the C A, ««and AfaM,,. S

t i ;.r

:hap. XL of the Weft-Indies. 61

a and the chief cf TlaxcaUan forthwith entred into coun-
t\ with the States and Commonalty of the Town, and there
iettrmined with general confent5to give unto him forty thou-
and fighting men, befides many Tamemez, who are foot
Carriers, to bear the Baggage, Vidual, and -other things.
Vith this nurnble oiflaxcartecas, his own men and Huríes,
Zortez, went to fepeavac, requiring them, in fatisfa&ion of
|e death of the twelve Chriftians, that they ihould now
v'ield themfelves to the obedience of the Emperor and King
Of Spain his Matter ; and hereafter never more to receive any
Mexican into their Town or Boufes, neither yet any of the
Province oiCalbna. The tepeacacs anfwered, that they had
flain the Spaniards for jüft and good caufe j which was, that
being time of War,they preiumed to pais through their Goun- <
try by force without their will and licenfe. And alfo,that the
Mexicans and. Cttlhttacans were their Friends and Lords,
whom alway they would friendly entertain within their
Town and Houfes, refufing utterly their offer and requeít ¿
protefiing to give no obedience to whom they knew not, will-
ing them therefore to return inccntent to llaxcallan-, ex-
cept they had a delire to end their weary days, and to be fa-
crificed and eaten up as their twelve Friends had been,
Coruz yet invited them many times with peace s and feeing
it prevailed not.he began his W ars in earned. The fepeacacs,
with the favour of the Culhaacans, were brave and luiiy,and
began to nop and defend the Spaniards entrance into thek
Towns, And being many in number, with divers valiant
men among them, began to sk'irmiih fundry times: But at
the end they were overthrown, and many flain, without kil-
ling any %3»*W.f, although many of llaxcaitea's were killed
that day. The Lords and principal Perfons of Tepeacac fee-
ing their overthrow,and that their fSrength could not prevail,
yielded themfelves unto Cortez for Vaffals of the Emperor •,
with condition, to baniih for ever their allied Friends ofC*/-
bua > and that he íliould puniih and corred, at his will and
pleafure, all thofe which were occafion of the death of the
twelve Spaniards. For which caufes and cbftinacy,attheririt
Cortez judged by bis Sentence, that all the Towns "which had

beers

\ :

J

í !

¿* A New Sun ey Chap. IX

condmon, and corread them for itodifctaSES

ranee, he built there this Tow^aminí ^c™01* f Í-

£M»""«dStrang«sm¡ghtparSwüLatdangSA

« C«* to AW This Town likewifc^ a» the reft from
St. Jobnde Vlbuatn Mexico, is very pleñ'iful nf Pwí
and many fofts of Fruits, namely, lES£f^%
Chester -„klA ¡!avc withl , y ' £*£'' ™

Jet, as lwtttas Honey, but the Cbkojapom is lefs -.nd f«m.
Oí them ,ed, iome brown coloured, and fo i y 'that «the

I Si^T': likC udr?pj ^** MS «tm and
thefmdl >s life unto a baked Pear. H.re likewife were re

fintrf unto «Chita, of Grapes as fair as any Zs!2
wc came trom 5%«/t i and wc fatvr bv t ir m f hat ^o r>

uy thmab0 w'ouId be ver fi( Ä^&fe'

of. Sprnü would grant the planting of Vines in thofe parts ?
which often he hath refufedto do, left the Vineyards there'
ftould hinder the Trading and Trafick between,, and
hofe parts, which certainly had ihey but Wine, iSdnot
.ny commerce wnh %,«. TMs Town is oil more T™
perateChmate than any other from Vera Crux -Jill™
and the people who formerly had been eaters rf ma,« flfft
nowa ..vil ra„d A^^SS^'
ÍT ,.! A °.m Whtnce we dtd""^ Utrie out of our wav
™e Iward ( die Road being Novi h-wehward ) onl/to

oyned"w hhT3, A ***#>&** ^ofc Inhabits

¡oyned with Coma, and we may lay, wcrc ,«- cy¿f ln<i

mentsot that great and unparallel'dCionquert.

.;. • chap.

3hap. X. of the WeftJndies.

m

Ch a p. X.

Wherein is fet down the eft ate and condition of the
great Town of Tlaxcallan, when the firft Spani-
ards entred the Empire of Mexico : Correz his
firft encounter with the tlaxcakaca's, their League
with him, with a Defection of the Town ; and of
the eft ate and condition of it now.

TLaxcañanbát\% worth all the reft of the Towns and
Villages between St. John de Vfbua and Mexico,!
thought it not fit to parallel it with the others, in naming it
briefly, and parting by it as a Traveller-, but rather I judged
it convenient and befceming my prcfent Hitfory,to record to
pofterity'with one whole Chapter,the grcatnefs of it, and rhc
valour of its Inhabitants from the Conqueft of America made
by Hernando Corttz. Who being upon his march to México,
and having arrived to Zacktan^ and being informed Mat the
<tiaxca!taca>s were men of Valour, and Enemies to M>nt*>
zuma the Emperor of Mexico, thought it his beft policy to
ioyn with them againftthe Mexicans. «

Whereupon he difpatched unto them tour Indians ota
Town called Zempoallan, as AmbaiTadors to accquaint them
of his coming into thofe parts, and of his delire to vifit their
Town, not for any harm he intended to them, but rather for
their good. Thctlaxcaltacas fearing Cortez, and judging
him a friend of Montezuma, becaufe upon his way to vific
frm i and having heard of the many coftlyprefents which
the Emperor had fent unto him, they refolved to refitt his
coming, and to fend him no Apfwer to his Amba%e ■, but
took the four Meffengers which he had fent, and impnfoned
them, minding to facrifice them unto their Gods as Spies,
Cortez feeingthe long tarrying of the Meffengers, departed
from Zachun, without any intelligence from TlaxcaVan,

■ ifli

■■■■■■■ i i m

64 1 New Survey Chap X

without lime o^feSr^ mad<
and twenty foot broa Si "homanda half high
u/,,, /r , Dl0aa? with loop ho es to {hoot ar Th.\
wallcroffed over a whole Valle v f*n™ ¿ Thlf

another, and but one onlvtn, % C Mountain tc

one Wall Jg^W* the which the
forty paces roíd m ñlrhf u and the w*y 'here was

£ eireut K g 80nl '!* fpace of three bagues from

bee ufe i ;^rCOmmrd',dhÍS FoM-lwn ro ™^ ha.™
went o^f SS fomcwff' ^, and he with his Horfemen
Z ""^k'y^^y forwards, whoafcendins un ah

inree Hotfemen, «¡led to them to hay > which th'v
hi no means would hartan unto ¿ tit! fix mo e Hcríe-

|.>»mpg ail togethe* wnh determination rasher to die tí an ■

■ ■ . to

Chap. X. of íkWeft-Indies: 6 j

to yield, (hewing to the Spaniards figns to ftand ftill- B«*
the Horfemen coming to lay hands upon them i they prep, red
themfelves to Battel, and fought, defending themfelves for a
while In this fight the Indians flew two of their Borles,
and (as the Spaniards oo witnefs ) at two b ows they cut off
a Hoi fe's Head, bridle and all Then came- tne reli of the
Horfemen, the Army alio of the Indians approached} to*
there were in fight near five thoufand of í hem in good or-
der to fuccour their fifteen fighting men ; but they came
too'latefor that purpofe,- for they were aliíhin oy the Spa-
nilb fury,becaufe they would not render themfelves ¡n time,
and had killed two of their Horfes. Yet nofwithllandirg
their fellows fought, till they fpied the Spamfh^ Army
coming, and the Ordnance, then they returned, leaving the
field to the Spaniards, whole Hoifemcti followed them and
flew about feventy of them, without receiving any hurt.
With this the Indians perceiving thegteat advantage which
the Spaniards had againft them with their Hortes, and mean-
ing tocóme upon them fubtilly with a more powerfu, Ar-
my, that they might the better deceive and delude them
they fent unto Cortez two of the four Meflengers which had
been fent unto them, with other Indians, faying, that they
Oi-riaxcdan knew nothing of the things that had happen-
ed certifying likewife that thofe with whom he nad tought,
were of other Communities, and not of their Jurifdiétio',-
being forrowful for that which had paííed ; and forasmuch
as it banned in their journey, they would willingly pay tor
the two Hoifes which were ihin, praying them to come m.
good time to their Town, who would gladly receive them,
tnd enter into their League of Friendíhip, bccaife they
feemed to 6e valiant men: But all this was a feigned and a
folfe meííage. Yet Cortea believed them, and gave them
thanks for their courtefieand good will ; and that accotdmg
to their requeii he would go unto their Town, and accept
their Friendíhip. And touching the death onus Hqites,:
he required nothing, for that within ihort time he expel-
ed many more •, yet forrowfa! he was, not fo.mucn tor tm
want of them, as that the hdmm íhould think that riones
¡r . ecu» a

hn

M Í

m ^ ANewSurwy Chap. X

could die, oTbe flain. C«t« proceeded forwards abou
Z aT CSr WherV^ Horfes we<e ™> although* 1

A ?nd ?u?? Wea/i£d' havin* travelled fa
that day He p anted his Army by a River fide, remaining
all that M with good watch both of Fopt-men and Ho S
men, fearing fomeaiTaulr, but there was no attempt given
tt^ 'u lhTKt morning« Sun-rifing, Cortez de.
par^d with his Army in good order, and in the midft oí
£em went the Fardage and Artillery i and after a l¡«fc
marching they met with the other two Meffengers whom
they had fent from Zaclotan : They came with ritifJoS

had Z°f °, thC Cap;aJnS °f $ P°Wer of ÄÄ who
had b0Und them and detained them from returning* but

7¿tf°f fOT["ncffb« night they hid broke loofe, and
efcaped i for otherwife ,n the morning following, they had

m had beeneatenforagood beginning of the Wars > the
J/axcalteca s proteftwg to do the like to the bearded men ( for
fothey termed tl^^^andtoasmany as came with
them. They had no fooner told their tale, when there ap-
peared behind a little hill, about a thoufa'nd Indians ? very
well appointed after their faihion, and came with fuch a
marvellous noife and cry, as though their voices fhould have

ESS I HuTS' hl?,,in8at the Smi*rdsSton£ Darts,
and ihot with Bows and Arrows. Cortez made many to!
kens of peace unto them, and by his interpreters defired
hem to leave the Battel. But fo much the more as he in-
treated for peace^he more hafty and earneft were they think-
ing either to overcome themj0r elfe to hold them play,tothe
intent that the Spaniards fhould follow them to a certain Am-
buih that was prepared for thereof more than fomfcore thou-

vJf °Y f € the S?miards beg3n to ceafe from words,
ana-trJiay hands upon their weapons i for that company of a
thoutand were as many as on the Spaniards fide were hehtins
men j though they were wdl pra&i fed in the Wars, vCiy va-
liant, and alio pitched in z better place for fight This Bat-
teundured certain hours, and at the end the Indians being
nmei weaned, oj elfe meaning to cake the Spaniards in the

fnare

ShapiX. of the Weft-Indies; h

[hare appointed, began toflie towards the main Battel, not
is overcome,but to joyn with their own fide. The Spaniards
xing hot in the fight and Oauhgtcr, which was not little, fol-
lowed them with all their fardage,and unawares fell into the
!\mbu{h, among an infinite number of Indians armed i they
tayed not.bec^e they would not put themfelves out of order
but paffed through their Camp with great haftevmd fear*
The Indians began*) fet upon the S/w/«#Horfe-men,thmk-
ine to have taken their Lances from them, their courage was
fo ftout • Many of the Spaniards had there penihed, had it
not been for their Indian Friends, who had come with them
from ZempoaBan and Zaclotak Likewife the courage oi
Cortez did much animate them -, for although he led his Ar-
my, making way, yet divers times he turned him hack to
place his men in order, and to comfort them, and at length
came out of that dangerous Way andAmbuih, where the
Horfes might help, and the Ordnance nana in ftead i wmch
two thing did greatly annoy the Indians to their great won-
der and marvel, and at the fight thereof began to flte. In
both Encounters remained many Indians flam and wound-
ed and of the Spaniards fome were hurt, but none ki!d3
who eavemoft hearty thanks unto God for their delivery
from fo great a multitude as were fourfeore thoufand, agamí!
one thoufand only of Indians «ad Spaniards joyneo toge-
ther The Indians oiZempoaUan and Zaclotan did play the
valiant men that day, wherefore Cortez honoured them with
hearty thanks. Then they went to pitch their Camp in a
Village called Teoacazinco, where was a little Tower and a
temple, and there fortified themfclves. The night fo low-
ing the Spaniards flept not quietly, with fear of a third Inva-
fion of the Tlaxcaltecas. As foon as it was day, Cortez lent
to the Captains oiTlaxcaUn, to require them to peace and
friendihip,willing them quietly to fufTer them to país ihrougti
their Country to Mexico, fot that they meant them no hurt,
but rather good will. The antoer of the Captains of */**-
callan was that the next day they would come and talk with
him, and declare their minds. Cortez was well prepared
that night i fot the anfwer liked him not, but rather ieem-

mm

6% JJNewSumy Chap; X

toIdrh^Van<l a ""F^ Íeíf ™ined to ^ done, as feme ha<

h t 5?á T Het00k Prifoners) who Rewire certifiec

rfíhnnJTA/?//W?e ,0yned t08eiher' tothenumbe
ota hundred and hfry thoufand men to give battel the nex

toXe piy Y d¡¿ hate> thinki"S them t0 * fiends un
Ivi uJ mP?orrM^«r' unt0 wh™ they wiíhed al
evil and milcnief. Their intent was therefore with all thci
whole power to apprehend the bearded men, and to make o
22* mTlfmn SaCrifice Unto thei* God* than at am

23Ä n ^ WÍíh a general Ban(*aet of thdr fl^
which they called Celejiial.

The Captains of llaxcailan divided their Soldiers inte
2\^A?' í? °n,e t0 *?*** an0ther t0 Ocfiilmln.
trVt f TUn" an,dthe f0Urth t0 93*<b>**Un\
hat is to fay, the men of the Mountains, tte men of the
Lime.pits, themenofthe Pine-trees, and the Watermen:
All thefe four forts or men did make the Body of the Com-
rnonwealth of Tlaxc«Uan9 and commanded both in time oi
War and Peace. Every of thefe Captains had his juft por-
tion or number of Warriors, but the General of all the whole
Army was called Xicotencatl, who was of the Lime-pits i

fW )r t Tu ard.°f thrC Co^onwealth, which isa
^wofCSoId with his wiy

and Silver-work ;; Which Standard was, according to their
ufe, either carried before the whole Hoft, or elfe behind them
I A* heL,e?enanrt General of the Army was Maxixcazin i
and the number of the whole Army was a hundred and fifty
thoufand men. Such a great number they had ready againft
four hundred Spaniards, and feven hundred Indians otZem-
poaUan and Zaclotan, and yet at length overcome i and after
this i fight, they were the greateft Friends thztCmez had in
thofepmsagainft Montezuma, Thefe Captains came with
mm Companies, that the fields where they were feemed a
FoKft. They were gallant Fellows,and well armed, accord-
ing tc > their ufo although they were painted, fo that their
faces (hewed like Devils, with great tuffs of Feathers and
they bodied gallantly. Their Weapons and ÄwS*

Slings,

^hap; X. of the WeftJndies; 6$

¡lines Staves, Spears, Swords, Bows and Arrows, Sculls'
¡plints, Gauntlet, all of Wood, gilt, or elfe covered with
fathers or Leather > their Corilets were made of Gotten-
irool, their targets and Bucklers gallant and ürong, made
Í Wood, covered with Leather, and trimmed with Latten,
nd Feathers V their Swords were ftaves, with an edge of
lint-ftone cunningly joyned into the ftaflf, which would
ut very well, and make a fore wound. Their Inftiuments
>f War were Hunters-horns, and Drums called Atabais,
nade like a Cataron, and covered with Vellom. So that the
Spaniards in all their difcoveries of India, did never íee a
letter Army together, nor better ordered ■-> that which I could
lot omit to fpeak of here, having come in the order of my
liftory to tlaxcallan^hcxe this numorous and gallant Indian
krmy was fet forth againft four hundred Spaniards, and hx
lundred Indians their Friends. Thefe Indians thus ordered
n Battalia, bragged very much againft the Spaniards, and
aid amongft thcmfelves, What mad people are thefe bearded
nen that threaten us, and yet know us not ? But if they will
ie fo bold to invade our Country without our Licenfe, .et
is not fet upon them fo foon, it is meet thev had a little
eft, for we have time enough to take and bind them h let us
lib fend them meat,for they are come with empty ftomachs,
nd fo they ihallnotfay wedaapprehend them with wear i-
teis and hunger. Whereupon they fent unto the Spaniards
hree hundred Turkey-cocks, and two hundred Baskets of
Jread, called Centlih the which preient was a great fuccouE
,nd refreihment for the need the Spaniards tfood in. And
oon after : Now ( fay they ) let us go and fet upon them,for
>y this time they have eaten their meat, and now we will eat
hem, and fo (hall they pay us the Victuals that we fent.
rhefe and fuch like brags they ufed, feeing fo few Spaniards
>eforethem,and not knowing the ftrength of their Ordnance,
igainft their fo numerous an Hoft. Then the four Capams
ent two thoufand of their valianteft men of War, and old
soldiers, to take the Spaniards quietly \ with command-
nent, that if they did refiit, either to bind them, orelfe to.
till them j meaning not to fet their whole Army upon therrj^
¥ 3 %ing»

H

fb J New Survey Chap 25

faying, that tbey (hould get but final! honour for fo great
multitude to fight againft fo few. The two thoufand Sol
diers pafled <he Trench that wa, betwixt the two Camps a„
came boldly , o the Tower where the Spaniard, were T™
* meforth the Ho.femen.and after them the Footm n an
at th tuft encounter, they made the Indian, feel how th
Iron Swords would eut ; at the fecond, they (hewed ofwha
force thofefewinnumberw£re,ofwhomalit.k before^
hadfo,{ficd; but at the third brunt, they made thofe lum
So diers fhe, who were come to apprehend them ; for no"
of them efcaped, but only a few fuch as knew the paffage o

fe fi W,thu te'"b,e and"»'vellous noife, anc

came fo fierce upon the Spaniard,, til! the, entrcd into theii
Camp without any refinance, and there were at handy
firokes with the Spaniard,, and in a good fpace could no,
get them out, many of them being killS, which werefo boU
to enter. In this fort they fought four hours, befo ° the,
could make way among their Enemies. Then the"
began tofamt, feeing fo many dead on their fide, and th
great wou-Jsthey had, and that they could kill none of the
Chnftiins» ,« the Battel ceafed not, till it drew near
night, and then they retired. Whereof Cm* and his Sol
diets wereexceedmgglad, for they were fully wearied with
killing of Indian,. The next day in the morning Ztn
mm forth to run the fields, as he had done beforef leavW

efpied.he departed before day,andburned about ten Towns
and facked one Town, which was of three thoufand houfes-
in the which were found but few people, becaufe the moll of
them were gone to their Camp. After the fpoil, he fet fire
on the Town, and came his way to his Camp with a great
prey bynoon-tnr.e. The Indian, purfued, thinking to take
away their prey, and followed them into ¡he CwfÄ
they fought h„e hours, and could not kill one SpJLd, al-
though many of their fide were (lain ; for even as theTwere
Tí^A f ffoodon altogether, the Ordnance made
| wonderful fpotl among them s fo that they ¡eft off fight.

Chap. X. of the WeftJndies. 71

ine, and the Victory remained for the Spaniards, whom the
iSthought wereinchanted, becaufe their Arrows could

Ärtthem. The WÄWÄS5S
fent three fcveral things in Prefent to Cortez, and the Mei .
fenSat brought themfaid, Sir, Mold here five Slaves

blood, eat tbefe mbkb we bring thee and ve f^J^
more: And if thou bt the gentle and meek God, Mel* to*
Janklneenfeand Feathers: And if thou be *J^*¡>
ukehere Fowl, Breadand Cherries. Ori» adfwered, that
both he-and his were mortal Men, even as they were ; And
be Sat always he had ufed to tell them truth wherc-
fore did they ufe to tell him lies, and ^cwifetoflamr
him? forhedefired to\*tte\if«^f»f^™*
tobe mad and ftubbom in their opinion» for it they did,
affuredly they Oipuld receive great hurt and damage.
NotwithftandlngthisAnfwer,therecameagain^ou h -

ty thoufand of them even to Cortez his Camp, to prove their
Croflets, as they had done the day W^^gSSf
with broken pates. Here is to noted, that although the
firft day the whole Hoft o( Indians came to combate with
Z Spaniards \ yet the next they did not.fc bu, : every
feveral Captain by himfelf, ior to divide the better the Gra-
vel and pain* equally among them s and becaufe that one
mould notdifiurb another through the multitude, confider-
ine that they ihould fight but with a few, and m a narrow
place > and for this confidential, their Battels wcie «ore
frefh and ftrong, for each Captain did contend who ihould
do moft valiantly for to get honour, and especially in ki ling
one Spaniards for they tfeought that all their hurts mould be
fatished with the death of one Spaniards taking one Fei-
foner. Likewife is to be confidered, the ftrangenefs or their
Battel h for notwithftanding their Controvert*, fifteen days
that they were there, whether they fought or no, they lent
unto the Spaniards Cakes of Bread, Turkey-cocks and Cher-
lies. But this Policy was not to give them that meat tor
oood will, but only to.fpy and fee what hurt was done
among them2 and alfo to fee what fear or ftomach iheyhad

.'H 4 New Survey Chap X

■ to proceed. But finding by their many Spies, that the £j
Wr wercnothmg daunted nor diminiihed, hey reioÄ
fend ,mp Conez Xicctencatl, who was Chief Id S
Capta.» m Tlaxeaüan and of all the Wars : He brouS i
h,s company fifty perfons of Authority tokeephimcoZ"
They approached near where G»« was, and fainted eatf
other accordmg to the ufe of thdr Country. The" Saluta
«ons being ended, and the parties being fet down ^

foaty„ur band pardon for our attempt in JL Z A™1
aga.nfl yeUfm no, knowing whatyo» ¿m¡ ¿ *£ * f™
form our Country. And vbere r*e plumed to rManZ
findye,:r entrance m did it m agíé firanger Zh7mt
k«™ m and ueh men u we ¡,J„mt herefofiretl, and
feanng alfa that you bad been friends to Montezuma Z
u,and alwys hatb been our mortal Enemy. AndThJ
mm in peralto end our fc¿. Jn to^Zjttl.l
JubjeBmu bim,forrre think, our ¡elves a, iaCtZZ
MM» « our Fere-fathers m,e, Uo always ZeZZ
««*t htm andas Grand father, ¿b, „„ „ llff***
be u. We VouU alfo hay* vitbjlood you and ,tr force Z
2 auldnot, ahhoué - proved all ojpr0bil,tlh MgltaTd
day and found yeur,treng,h tnvmeible, and T*eiolucLai„t
you. Therefore fmce our fate U fueh, we had rather be ful

heard of the Z.mpoallaneies, that yo» do no .vil, nor came
not >« any, but rvere mofl valiant and happy, as they have

fee» en the Wars, be.ngin your eompany. F^hiebcíjídl
■a<ton,mtruH,bat our Ltberty ¡hall not be dmi„lf,ed,b7ra.

£ft curonn Perfons, Wives a„d Family, bet,, prefyveJ

his tak, the tears tnclthng down his cheeks, hebefoueht
Cortez to weigh, that Hawaiian did never anjtime JS-

¡edge

hap: X. o/ífeWcft-Indies. 7}

ge am Superior Lord or King, nor at any time had com
tperfon among them to command, but only he whom now they
I voluntarily eU8 and choofe as their Super tour and Ruler.
rtez, much rejoyced with this AmbafTage, and to fee fuch a
ifchty Captain, who commanded a hundred and fifty
Sikud Soldiers, come unto his Camp to iubmit himlelt *,
teing it alio matter of great weight to have that Cotnmon-
•3th Tin fubje&ion, for the Enterprize which he had in
nd, whereby ^e fully made account, that the Wars were
an end, to the great Content of him and his Com-
ny and with great fame among the Indians. So with a
eny and loving countenance, he anfwered, laying firft to
eir charge, the hurt and damage which he had received in
leir Country, becaufe they refufed at the firft to hearken
lío him, and quietly to furTer him to enter into their Coun-
y, as he had required and defired by his Meffengers fent
nto them from Zaclotan. Yet all this, notwithstanding,
e did both pardon the killing of his two Horfes, the alTault-
ig of him in the high- way, and the lies which they had
10ft craftily ufed with him s ( for whereas they themfelves
)ughf againii him, fet they laid the fault to others ) like-
rife their pretence to murther him in the Ambuih prepared
Dr him (enticing him to come to their Town) without mak-
lg fiift defiance according to the Law of ArmsJYet thefe in-
uries, notwithftanding, he did lovingly receive their offer
nade in fubjeäionto the Emperour, and that very fhortly
íe would be with him in 7laxcallan. At this fame time
here were Ambaííadors from Montezuma with Cortez, who
»rieved much to fee the League that was now beginning be-
tween thi tlaxcaltecas^^ the Spaniards : .They advifed
Cortez to give no credit unto them, fayingi they meant no-
thing but Treafon and lies, and to lock them up in llax-
zaXlan. Cortez anfweied the Ambaffadors, That although
their advice were true, yet he did determine tó go thither i
for that he feared them lefs in the Town than in the Field.
they hearing this Anfwer and Determination, befought him
to give one of them licenfe to return unto Mexicor to ad-
vertife Montezxma of all that was pair, with an Anfwer to

thehr

74 A New Survey Chap. I

^l' tm^ff3&% P'omifi"g «¡thin fix days to have nev
hisCamp C»««grantedtheirreque(l,and abodetheretl

rJ ffitSf in8íeít A^.«™» **S«5

leUrejoycmg to fee : how the Mexicans began to fear th;

feEK W,th-,hÍ *&***' "o»M be their ru n „
deftrudhon, as tndeedafterwards it proved. In this mea

Turkey-cocks, others brought Bread and Cherries, wit

Ä h°"fes' rh?fwh ,d»y the ifeM Ambaffadorcam
ofGoldShlPT'fCiandnbrOUShf unt0 <*** 'en Jewel
Ga?m ntsrfr'í andW£liWr0Ught' and fifteen th°uftn<
SfZh, h° TLXLCeedln8«a,lant' and mofteameul
S ! £nr the5fh»,fof«i«««-vh«he Ihould no
Ä ' T '" tr,Uft,nf? í° the «""dsof the 7W«*V
ÄShSW? wi(h,nece(r«ythey would rob hit
1 ,ní "f r Preffms,wn'"eh his Mailer had fenthim:
yea.andhkewtfemurther him, knowing of the Friendlhit

tef'ÄJ and,!,im- At the *e'V *«* time allS
chiefeft Lords of &,„ came to intreat him to go with
them to tlaxcallan where hefhould be cheriihed, lodged
and well provided , for it was a great diihonour and flume
unto them, to permit fuch Perfonages to abide in fuch vile
Cottages as they were in. And iff faid they ) you truft us
not then weareready to give youforfecurity, whatfocver
Pledges or Gag, ; you (hall demand. And they did boih
fwear and faithfully promife, that they might fafdy go with
them i faying alio that the Oath and Faith of theirCom-
monwealth Qiould never be broken, for all the goods in the
World. Thus was Cortez on both fides earneflly folicited
andintreateditheAfcaW fearing his League and Friend-
ship with the Tlaxalteca' j. And thcfe hoping that his Friend-
ship with them would be their cheif Protection again» the
Tyranny of Montezuma. But Curtes aiming chiefly at the
Empire of Mexico, which Mawezaffwhisdiflembledfriend-
íhip would never help him to enjoy sand feeing the good will
of fomany Gentlemen his new Friends of riaxcallan,thctkoii

mortal

bap: X. oftkWeft-Indies. 75

>rtal Enemies of Montezuma; and lik e wife the jfrM '
ZeiBpa^^of whom he had good credit, did frtt^
Mndaffuichim of his going,that he commanded his Far»
¿to be laden, and alfo his Ordnance, and departed to-
iid itoto, with as good cider as it had been to a Sat-
I v and at the Tower where he had pitched his Camp, he
[t certain C soffes for a memory, with a great heap ot tones
which till this day remain in the place, and my lelt have
en them) and entied into flaxcallan the eighteenth ot Sep-
mber There came out fuch a multitude of people to lee
im, and to meet him in the way, that it was a wonder to
■e He was lodged in the greateft Temple.whtch had many
reat and fair Lodgings fufficient for him and all his Com-
ianv except the Indians of Zempoallan and Zaelstan his
■fiends, who were lodged in others. He fet certain limits,
me of the which he commanded ftraitly that none of his
:ompany ihould pafs upon pain of death i and alfo com-
nanded, that they ihould take nothing but what ihould be
>iven them. His Commandment was well obferved/or none
prefumed to go a Üones can without his licenfe. The Indian
Gentlemen (hewed great pleafure and courtefie to the ftran-
E,ers, and provided them of all things necefiary, and many
oí them gave their Daughters unto them, m token of true
Friendihip, and likewife to have fruit of their Bodies, to be
brought up for the Wars, being fuch valiant men. Cortez
being throughly fatisfiéd of their hearty good wills, demand-
ed of them the Eftate and Riches of Montezuma. They
exalted him greatly, as men that had proved his force; And
as they afnrmed,it was near ahundred years,that they main-
tained Wars with him and his Father Axaha, and other his
Uncles and Grand-fathers : They affured him alfo, that the
Gold and Treafure of Montezuma was without number,
and his Power and Dominion over all the Land, and his
people innumerable ■■> for ( faid they ) he joyneth fórrenme*
two hundred thoufand men, yea, and three hundred thou- ■
fand for one Battel: And if it pleafed him, he would make
as many men double i and thereof they were good witneis,
becaufe they had many times fought with him. Cortez told

them

■

?6 A "¡Slew Survey Chap

, *****, if he A en»*„lnh If 0ubr8 10 °PP°fe Mc
«¡fed them likewife ZtC"oZ"j)t T" ?e pr
«anny, and fubdne in hfe wa 3S ilr *" &*5¥ T
allied to the Mtxkam L7lf k Towns wh,ch *#

their CommonwX' The! «,'T T **£ them an
ring him to affifthimand f!8 avehlmLhc«ty (banks, affi
for the nrefent S3 • accomPlny him to Ato*; an
&¿£S" tWenfy th0«'"and men, making

wasTwSbdued S "^ t0,f"0ífake h'""- 4

mand of the gS& SL^E r° ^ PcWer and Com

eft, though not ticS Towt /C " "*, °f 'he chief

«ants after clave ZnflZZ'"?™" '' "^ lnhM

Inftruments for the fcbdlft^S**' ^ kWer' chiel

this day are freed from fitfcL,^ '°

ing not the money, which as a TriL.Í , g "J1"""' P*fc

UK' tobepaidmrlv K*J"b,Ut'"taX,,ls!a,duP°ne''«y

Subjeáion. thePy par^rlv onenryln ack"7,ed«ment *

«heir JÄ w¿¿ y Th SIT Town ofr,M^ WhÍCh U

perlirin theViJi^. Tk 8 * W»lfat«»»B pro

Market-

hap. X.; of the Weft-Indies. 77t

arkefplace, where all the buying and felling was ufed, and
at place they called lianquizüi i in that ftreet was the
veiling houfe of Maxixca. Along the River-íide m the
ain ftandcth another ttreet called 7«^/«, becaufe there
much Lime and Chalk. In this facet dwelled Xkotencatl,
aptain General of the Commonwealth. There is another
reef named by reafonof the brackiih water guiahuiztlan i
at fince the Spaniards came thither, all thoie Buildings are
imoft altered, after a better faihion, and built with «one.
* the Plain by the River-fide, ftandeth theTown-houfe,and
ther Offices, as in the City of Venice. This tlaxcallan was
overned by Noble and Richmen ; They ufed not that one
lone ihould Ruk,but did rather fly from that Government,
sfrom Tyranny : and therefore hated Montezuma as a Ty-
ant. In their Wars ( as I have (aid before ) they had four
^aptains, which governed each one ftreet* of the which
bur they did ekefc a Captain-General. Alfo there were
>ther Gentlemen, that were Under-Captains, buta imill
number. In the Wars they ufed their Standard to be ear-
ned behind the Army ; but when the Battel was tobe fought,
■hey placed the Standard where all the Hoft might fee it,
ind he that came not incontinent to his Ancient, payed a
penalty Their Standard had two Crofs-bow Arrows fet
thereon, which they efteemed as the Reliques of their An-
ceftors. This Standard two old Soldiers, and Valiant men,
being of the chiefeft Captains, hac) then charge Co carry, in
the which an abufe of Sooth-fay jng, either oí lofs or victory
was noted. In this order, they (hot one of thefe Arrows
againft the firft Enemies they met » and if with that Ar-
row they did either kill or hurt, it was a token that they
ihould have the vidory h and if it did neither kill nor hurt,
then they affuredly believed thai they ihould lofe the field.
This Province or Lordíhip oiTlaxcallan had 28 Villages and
Towns,wherein were contained 1 50000 Houfholders. They
are men well made, and were good Warrieis, the like were
not among the Indians. They are very poor, and have no
¡other riches, but only the Grain and Corn called Centii, and
with the gain and profit tberof, they do both claoth them-

felve^

Ui'i

y% % New Survey Ghap. 5

(elves, and provide all other ncccffarief. They have man
Market-places, but the greateft and moil ufed daily, ihnd
cth in the ftreet oWcmMco, which formerly was fo famou*
that 2os)Oo perfons came thither in one day to buy and fell
changing one thing for another -, For they knew not what mo
ney meaned. They have now, and had formerly, all kinc
of good Policy in the Town : There are Goldfmiths Fea
ther-dreffers , Barbers, Hot-houfes, and Potters, who'mak<
as good Earthern Vcffels, as are made in Spain. The eart*"
• is fat and fruitful for Corn, Fruit and Pafture i for among
She Pine-trees groweth fo much grafs.that the Spaniards feed
their Gat tel there, which in Spain they cannot do. Within
two leagues of the Town ftandeth a round Hill of fix mile«
in height, and five and forty miles in compafs, and is now
called Si. Bartholomews Hill, where the Snow freezeth In
times paft they called that Hill Mmakmk, who was' their
God for Water. They had alfo a God for Wine, who was
named Ometocbli, for the great Drunkennefs which they
«fed. Their chiefeft God was called Camaxth ; and by an-
other name Mixcovatl, whofe Temple flood in the ífreeí
ofOcoteIulcot in the which Temple there was fací ificedj fome
years, above eight hundred perfons. In the Town they
fpeak three Languages ; that is to fay, Uahualh, which is the
Courtly Speech, and the chiefeft in all the Land of Mexico ;
another is called Otomir, which is moft commonly ufed in
the Villages : There is one only ftreet thatfpeaketh Pinomer,
which is the groifeft fpeech. There was alfo formerly in the
Town a common Jay I, where Felons lay in Irons,' and all
things which they held for fin, were there corrected. At the
time that Cortez was there, it hapned that a Townfrrian Hole
from a Spaniard a little Gold : Whereof Cortez complained
to Maxixca, who incontinent made fuch enquiry, that the
Offender was found in CbokUa^ which is another great Town
five leagues from taence : They brought the Prifoner with
the Gold, and delivered him to Cortez, to do with him his
pleafure. Cortez would not accept him, but gave him thanks
for his diligence : Then was he carried, with a Cryer be-
fore him} manüeíting his offenee? and in the Market-place,

n¿0á

hap: X; i the Weft-Indies. 79

l0n a Scaffold, they brake his Joynts with a Cudgel .The
aniardj marvelled to fee fuch ftiange juftice, and began to
more confident, that as in this point they had endeavour-
to pleafure and right them s ib likewife they ihould after-
ard find them very forward to do their wills and plea-
res for the better conquering of Mexica and Montezuma,
coteluko and Tizatlan, are the two ftreets which are now
oft inhabited: In Ocoteluleo ftandeth a Cloifter ofFran-
fcan Friers, who are the Preachers of that Town : They
ive joyning to their Cloifter a very fair Church, to
-hich belong fome fifty Indian Singers, Organifts, Players
n Mufical Inftruments, Trumpeters and Waits, who fet
ut the Mafs with a very fweet and harmonious Mufick, and
elight the Fancy and Senfes, while the Spirit is fad and dull
s little acquainted with God, who will be worihipped in
pirit and in Truth. In lepettcpac and ^uiubuiztlan are
woGhappels only, to which on the Lords-Day, and upon
(theroccafions, the Friers of the Cloifters refort to fay Mafs*
n this Cloifter we were entertained a day and two nights
vith great provifion of Fleih and Fiih ; which are very plen-
iful by reafon of the River : The Friers are allowed by the
[own a dozen Indians^who are free from other fcrvices, on-
y to fiih for the Friers. They change their turns by weeks,
tour one week, and four another, except they be called up-
on for fome f pecial occafion, and then they leave all other
work, and attend only with Fiíh upon the Friers. The
Town now is inhabited by Spaniards and Indians together,
and is the Seat of a chief Officer of Juftice fent form Spain
every three years, called Alcalde Major, whofe power reach-
eth to all the Towns within twenty leagues about. Beildes
him, the Indians have likewife among themfelves, Alcaldes^
Kegiders and Algmziles, Superior and Inferior Officers of
Juftice, appointed yearly by the Alcalde Major, who keeps
them all in awe, and takes from them for his fervicc, as
many as he pleafeth, without paying any thing for the fer-
vicedone unto him. The hard ufageof this Alcalde Ma*
jpr, and oiher Spaniards, hath much decayed that popu-
lous Town, which ihould rather have been chesiihed, than

difheart»

■■'i:

A Hew Sumy Chap,

80

diSieartned L by the Spaniards, who by means of ¡t gained
the reft of the Country. 6

CH

A P.

XÍ.

Concluding the reft of our Journey from Tlaxcali;
to Mexico, through the Cityoj Angels and Gu
cocingo.

TPHe next place moii remarkable In the Road wherein v

X travelled, was the City called by the Spaniards, I

Puebla de los Angelas, the City of Angels. To the whit

. we were defirous to go, knowing that in it there was a Coi

vent of Dominicans ofourProfeflion, not having met wii

any fuch fince the day we departed from St. John de Vlbn

Here We refreihed our felves at leifure three days, finding 01

felves very welcome to our own Brethren,who fpared nothin

that was fit for our entertainment. We vifited all the C

ty, and took large notice of it \ judging of the Wealth an

Riches of it not only by the great Trading in it, but by th

manyCloiftersboth of Nuns and Friers which it maintained

fuch being commonly very burthenfome to the places whei

they live •, an idle kind of Beggars, who make the people be

lievethe maintaining of them are meritorious and faving t<

their Souls, and that their Prayers for them is more worth

than the means and fuftenance which they receive from their

Of thefe there is in that City a very great Cloifter of fom

fifty or threefcore Dominicans, another of more Francifcans

another of Auguftines, another of Mercenarians, another o

difcalced Carmelites, another of Jefuits, befides four of Nuns

This City is feated in a low and pleafant Valley, about ter

leagues from a very high Mountain, which is always covered

with fnow : It ftandeth twenty leagues from Mexico, h wa«

@1t built and inhabited in the year 1530. by the command

of Don Antonio de Mendoza. Viceroy of Mexico, together

with the confent of Sebajiian Raminz% who was a Biihop.

and

Chap. XL bf the Weft-Indies; ■ 8 1

ana had been PreGdent in time paft in St. Ä and was
S»t ycarinftead of NunniodeGuman ,( who had behaved
himfelf very evil both with Indians and %W/ )fen to
b Prenden" of the Chancery of M ™* ^ ?*«
four ladees, the Licencíate >to ¿e SalmWH^Gafa guwga,
IÄ and Ä> ÍdUK»A Theft Judges go-
verned the Land far better than Ztoi* de Guzman before
them had done v and among other remarkable things they
didTwas to caufe this City to be inhabited and fet at liber-
tv the Indians who inhabited there before,and were grievoufly
iuppreffed and inflaved by the Spaniards, and therefore : many
of them departed from thence, who had inhabited there be-
fore, and Went to feek their living at ft/fa», Bmdurm,
Guatemala, and other places, where War then was. This
City was íoxmcútcúká by th^ Indians Cuetlaxcoapan,t^t
is to fay,a Snakein water, the reafon was, becaufe there are
two Fountains, the one of evil water and theother of good
This City is now a BiihopsSee, whofe yearly Revenues fince
the dieting off from it Xahppo delaVeraCm^ yet worth
above twenty thoufand Duckats^By reafon of the good and
whokfome air, it daily increafeth with Inhalants, who
refort from many other places to live there i but efpeciall£
in the year, 1634. when Mexico was like to be drowned with
the inundation of the Lake, thoufandsleftit,and came with
their Goods and Families to this City of the Angels, which
no# is thought to confift often thoufand Inhabitants. Thai
Which maketh it moft famous, is the Cloth which is made
in it, and is fent far and near, and judged now to be as good
as the Cloth of Segovia, which is the beft that is made m
Spain -, but now is not fo much efteemed of, nor fent fo much
from Spam to America,^ reafon of the abundance of fine
Cloth which is made in this City of Angels, The Feltshke-
wifc that are made, are the beft of all that Country : There
is likewife a Glafs- houfe, which is there a rarity, none other,
beingasyet known in thofe riarts. But the Mmt-houfe that
Is in it, where is coy ned half the Silver that cometh from S#>
atecas, makes it the fecond to Mexico % and it is thought,
that in time it will be as great and populous as Mexico*

I

%l J New Survey Chap. XI,

Without ¡{there are many Gardens, which (tore the Market!
with provifion of Sailers ; the Soil abounds with wh«S
with Sugar- farms ; among the which, not far from this Chy
there is one fo great and populous Cbelonging to the Domini
canFnersofMeÄ)thatforthe work Mbm^l
fa it, w maintained m my time above two hundred Black-
more Slaves, men and women, befides their little Chit

co T£\^elT0Wn beíWeen ?ÍS CÍty °f An&U and *Í-
t'J a GT0CT\ COníifíinS of fomc-fivc hundred
^rOnirChfUpdred/^W/ Inhabitants. Hereislike-
T a a J?" °f Francifca"s, who entertained us gallantly

Muhck. Thofe fat Friers wanted not, like the reft, all pro-
vifion neccííary for the Body ; But their greateft g U and
boaftmgtous, was the Education which they had given to

tZetn7íthCJ0Wnl $^*tó«& them
in their CJoiñer, whom they brought up to dancing af-
ter tfaeM fafhib^ at the found cf the Guitarra And
this a dozen of them fche biggeft not being above fourteen

yearsofAgeJperformedexcellentíyforourLterenteríain-
ment that night : We were there till midnight, finging both
pmtfb and Indian Tunes, capering and dicing wil their
laftanetta s or Knockers on their fingers, with fuch dexteri-
ty as did not only delight, but amaze and aítoniíh us. True
it is we thought thofe Francifcans might have been better
employed at that time in their Quire, at their Midnight-de-
votions, according to their Profeffion : But we mil found
vowed Religious Duties more and more ncgle&ed, and
world hnefs too too much imbraced,by fuch as had renounced

Paftime's n £ * *"* *" - PIeafures> SPoris #4

This Town of Gmcocwgo is almoft as much as Tlaxcallan,
prlvilcgcdrfay the Kings of Spin fot chat it joyned with flax-
«foaagaintt the Mexicans, in defence of Hernando Cortez
and the reft of the Spaniards that firft conquered that Land
V?j §Hm°m&°. bo!3g confederate with the Inhabitants
ot Hawaiian, Cbolplla, mdHmcacofa, itrongly defended the

Inha-

Chap. XL of the Weft-Indies; 8j

Inhabitants of Choleo, when they lent to CorUziox fucconr»
declaring that the Mexicans made great fpoil among them.
Which fuccourCflrt«at that time not being able to (end
them being bufied in fending for his Vergantines to befiege
Mexico by water as well as by land, he remitted them to the
help of the */***/*«*'/, anduntothofcotGiuciCMigo, Cho-
lota, and Huacacolla i who (hewed great valour, as yet never
buried in Oblivion, in relieving Choleo againft the ürength
and power oí Montezuma, who had iffued out of Mexico to
keep the Spaniards from drawing near unto that City, for
that faa is this Town, with the others fore- mentioned, uti-
till this day, privileged and highly efteemed of thej b/p*
ards. from hence we made our laft journey to the City of
Mexico, paffingover the fide of that high hill which we
had difcovered at the City of Angels, fome thirty miler off.
There are no Alps like unto it for height, cold andconftant
Snow that lieth upon it. From Spain to that place we had
not felt any fiich extremity of cold, which made the Spani-
ards that had come out of the hot Climate : of Spaing and en-
dured exceffive heat at Sea, wonder and admire. 1 nislatt
journey from Guacocingo to Mexico we reckoned to be thirty
Énelijh miles, and of the thirty miles, we judged at leaft
fifteen to be up and down the hilU and yet the top of it
(. whither we afcended not ) was far higher Y rom that high-
eft part of it which we travelled over,we difcovered the City
of Mexico, and the Lake about it, which feemed to us to
be near at hand, flanding fome ten Englijh miksin a Plain
from the bottom of this Mountain. When Hernando Cor-
tez went the fecond xlmehomTlaxcaUanto Mexico, to be-
fiege it by Land and Water, with Vergantines which tor
that purpofe he had caufed to be made ; On the fide of this
Mountain were his Land Forces lodged, where many had
periihed with cold, had it not been for the ttoreof Wood
which they found there. But in the morning he^afcended
upward on this hill, andfenthis Scouts of four Foot- men
andfourHorfe-mentodifcover, who found the way flop-
ped with great trees newly cut down by the Mexicans, and
placed crofswife in the way. But they thinking that yet

■

84 A New Survey Chap. XI.

forwards it was not fo, proceeded forth as well as they mieht
.« at length the let with great huge Cedars was fuc T that
he, could pafs no further, and with this news were forced

rhít h ulr" any W,fc CorU* dcmin^ of them whe-
ther they had feen any people •, they anfwered No Where

aP2 re f^C£ded fMWa'd> wi(h *» <l* Hor? -m« and
■ thoufand I Foot-men, commanding all the rendueófhi.
Army to follow him with a, muchfpeedasmghtbf- fo

chofe the worft, imagtmng the thing that afterwards fell out
«héteme gffi hi^. that way was clear fmrn
SSr Ím 1*? of íhis m e""z >Ue and
SÄ J ' • a"jhe Wh0le A™y were c°™ together to
Ä Sfe* "W' f0t fr^^ncetheygdefcer d
me mes and beacons of their enemies in fundry places and
all thofe who had attended their coming by the oTcr two
,ri\?'en0W8athL"cd t08eth"> inking, ofetuZv

for «avXrfbv "a V" "I8? ( WWch 3'C "5 *< P1"" S
tor travel ers by reafon of the many dikes and currents of

lES^'** ffUC ír0m the ,ake 3 wh£rc * g«a comp ny
abode e*pe<ämg the.r coming. But C„r«| fent twenty
Horie-men who made way among them, and then fo lowed
nvW t7' $? n«w many Vthem without reedvT g
, r „Thusdl<1'the remembrance of thofe antiauitip.
"««rJy rrfrefted by the objeft. of the hill and^ft

make

Chap: XI. of the Weft-Indies. 8j

make th« cold and hard paffage mote «f^#^#
Zo as. The firft Town we came to below the hill, was
SSL of the jurifdiaionof W» i where we alfo
Sled to mind, thatthis was the place, neat untouch was
pk hed °rcámpof the Indian, oiCulbm, wh.ch was neat
a hundred thoufand men of War ; who were fent by the
Sentorsof Afocic» and W» to encounter C» nez., bu
a In vain, for his Horfe-men broke through them and his
Artitey made fuch havock among them, thatthey were

'"Xetgutfromhenceonou, rignthand asfletrave!-
led w difcovered leso» by the fide of the lake, and out
of the Road ; yet itmimftred unto us matter oí alargedif-
coúrfe, tato from the time of Ores and the fi.it Con-
cue er , who found it a greatCity, andat that timeevenas

bizas m* i tho«gh in " Co'"z mK. W!th,n° r • u '
fea he iournicd towards it, four principal paTonsinha-

bkants of it met with his forces, bearing a rod ofgold with a
little flag in token of peace, faying that CacHacojocm their
odhad fent them to delire him not to make any fpoil .
^n Ms atV "nd Towns about it ; and likewife to offer his
ftienkiplrayingalfothatitmightpleafehimwithhiswhole

Army to akelis lodging in the Town ofi,»., where he
ftould be well received. Cm rejoycmg at this meflage yet
Sous of fome treachery, and miftrulhng the people : of Ttz-
.„ ( whofe forces joyned with the Mmcans and Culhmc^s
he had met with a little before ) went forward on Ins way
and came to fabrica» and BMi( which then were
füburb?of thTgreat City W», but novate pett, ViU
agesbythemfelves; whereheand allhis hoft wereplente-
ou8a provided ofaíl things ncceffary and threw down the
Idols. This done he entred into the City, where his lodg-
ngwas prepared in a great houfe, fitffic^t for him and all
he SpaLds, with many other his Ind.an frtends. And
becaufe that at his firft entry, he faw neither women nor chil-
drenne fufpc£ted fome treafon, and forthwith proclaimed
upon painof death that none of his men (bou Id go out. In

Q 3 IW

8¿ J New Survey Chap XI

to behold the City, and there the» faw th» „

have remedied it but the nilr I 8 Í ' f '* WOU,d fain

¡jcanng that a***»* then Khfg of that Ci.v 11

called before him, and having in his ™I S'°b:

Gentlennanof a Ñob!e-houfe8iñ ,ha ' T"y V°Un°
been latdy chndned, and had to it* Ä* h">
being tas God-fatber, loved him weH ) fZ ( C"rT
Citzens, that this neivrh,;»;, i • y~ J ld unt0 the
unto 2B^Ä23 Sí «Tf T f0"

sssss i asssr^ «ass

enticement of Qtttbutmoccm a mortal enemy to thf\
many «43 ¿fcfrtf ffií SWf ^ abroad>

Vine

:hap. XI. of the Weft-Indies. 87

j ;r in anv thine they had offended. Within

i08Ä fÄ-S*Äk»«* King of this great
wo days attcr won iierow» borders reach un-

vives, children ana omci gu ^^

:his anf*er,faying,B; y«rf«^5gS(S families to

SlÄto«

asaste vis oS ¿a

S nds Si «he great ««of the £ »g ggg
AJAOS Steh his Vergan tines to the water

ürr.h'wnih eight thoufand men carried upon the»

men of War and a thoufand flOM* who were the
Carrier'ofväualsandfctvants. GtttMM l«/, a prmapa

In the midft were placed the Jteffte, M* ihofe that c*rf d
G 4

1*

88

m

¿NewSurvey Chap.

XI

wed the Foift with all the app arel of eh,, v.
fore thofetwo Captains wem ah ,ní^7e'?an,,Wes- Be"
Horfcmen, and behind and rftU™red^"^.and eight
*tá ail the «fifi evt H0Zeen -ZTh * l^
«heir way towards iesa,», „;£° ',, Th«s «hey took

Chriftians, Chriftians K^T / TtVell0USn0ife> c«Ving

When «heyca^e tSrtheV^ä/1na"d H
order, with the found of DrpmssLfi n 7 ,vtrV 8ood
¡nf.ruments of mufick Sffi* 1^ "r'd °,h" ,ilie
«hey put on all their bravery S|" íff ¡ft ,he ^
«hers, which was a gallant fíehí ,¿.' and/-b"íhes *f«*
«ring into the Towf keeoÄ y WMe fi? hours in en-
this many fcS^ÄS&S?»,5" At «he fame of
«ntp ConL fflg feaTofdeS ^ ^ th.«""«vice
hatred which theyW otheMw ' 9^»»^
to was ftronP boih with «A**! f° that now G¿
Court fS|g JTá'Zt lnt"'^ his
rV formerly had been a E» IX ,b,° *****
his preparation for the fieee of V '? COTfJS made

fa wsmSm'é Hmá^ñ r"La" haft<and

fit for fuch a purpofe HisVer^n í í ^ "eeeffaries
throughly endcd^e .«adea S pSbe,n8Lnai,cd 3nd
ieagueDof length, 'twelvTfoot broad and' '""* °J hM a
thomindepth. ä This work wafif, J mo«e'.^d fe» fa.
there werefour Sri fi^^
trulyafamouswork and B2f* ^1'' «MWgi
tnadefe„Mg,orioufl y mT° ¡oL T Ty' wh,ch hatil

Trench being thus finifhed vJL„ ;• * The Dock «
Tow and cofto„Uwoo] "a d fo PS Sf Cafed **
«hey were ( as iome Authors report)" drf I * V ■ "d ft*
greafe inot «hatOrte2pe™¡£t¿°l-) dr T t0 «%ManS-
cffec}, but of thofe which were It T ,flay mcn for that
fuel, as fallied daily ™ o mJ0 o W, f* %** a"d of
fighting were flain. The wZr wh *"* W°rk> and
hloodyButchers,ufingf¿rfficeo^:„ & ^' "Uel and
fort open the dead ^$£$$£^1^0
|«p being lanched. || m¿S J^

found

iap: XI, of the Weft-Indies. 89

nd nine hundred Spaniards , of the which weie four-
re and fix Hoife-mcn, and a hundred and eighteen with
ofs-bows, and HarquebuiTes* and alltherefiduebad fuh-
r weapons, as Swords, Daggers, Targets, Unces, and
Iberts Alfo they had for Armour, Corflets, Coats ot
iil and Jacks. They had moreover three great Pieces of
t Iron fifteen fmall pieces of brafs, and ten hundred
ieht of powder, with ftore of ihot, befides a hundred
Dufand Indians men of War. On Whitfunday all the
aniards came into the field, the great plain below the high
ountain fpoken of before, where Cortez made three chtet
iptains, among whom he divided his whole Army. Unto
dto de Alvatado the firft Captain he appointed thirty
orfe-men, and a hundred and ieventy Foot-men of the
aniardf, two pieces of Ordnance, and thirty thoufand 7a-
ani, commanding him to encamp in Tlacopan. Unto CM*
ml de Olid the fecpnd Captain he gave three and thirty
orfemen, and a hundred and eighteen footmen of the Sp*-
ifh Nation, two Pieces of Ordnance, and thirty thouiand
ndians, and appointed \nm to pitch his camp in Culhuacan.
fo Gonzalo de Sandoval* who was the third Captain, he gave
hree and twenty horfenacn, and a hundred and thrcefcore
ootmen, two pieces of Ordnance, and forty thouCand la-
lians, with Commiffion to chufe a place to pitch his camp,
n every Vergantine he planted a piece of Ordnance, fix
3arquebufles, or Crofs-bows, and three and twenty Spa-
liard/* men moft fit for that purpofe. He appointed alfo
Captains for each, and himfelf for General, whereat fome of
thechiefeftof his Company began to murmur, that went by
Land,thinking that they had been in greater danger •, where-
fore they required him to go with the main battel,and not by
water. Cortez little efleemed their words '. for although
there was more danger in the land than in the water, yet it
did more import to have greater care in the Wars by water,
than on the land j becaufe his men had been in the one,
and not in the other. Befides the chiefeft hopes that Cortez
had to win Mexico, were thefe Veffels, fot with them he
burnt a great psut of the Canons of Mexico, and the reft

he

*

90 ANew Survey Chap. J

above a hundred thmrfand Indian/ befidTthTll: •

Provifi™ HffJS V " at ,hat tlme> maintain ng wit
iV^Iu J neCeirary fo many thoufands of people an

^WdedmatterenoughuntousfotaUrgedifcourwn.
not far from thefight ofit we travelled in the open ard a

oí theGoveruouwnd Tczcucok felfis this day judgdToeon

inhab ants, whofe chief riches come by gardenine and fen/
■ng daily ,„ theirCW, Rerbsand SalletstoÄS Some"

SS ;WÍfe th.Cy 8et by th£it Cedar-trees whkh gro™
there, and are ready timber for the buildings of Afa*, Yec
»ow alfoare thefe Cedars much decayed by hS
whoha e wafied d fpoiled (htm .n J £*$-g»

cus bu.ld.ngs Cdm only was accufed by Famfilh J?Nar-
m or that he had fpentferen thoufand beams of Cedaí-
trees ,n the work of his own houfe. Gardens th re were Tn
tec™ formerly, thathad a thoufand Cedar-trees foTwa Is
«nd circuit, fomeof them of a hundred and twenty foot
bug and twe ve foot in compafsfromend to endTbutnovv
that Garden that hath hfty Cedar-trees about it, is much
regarded. At the end of this plain we paifed through ££?

&S 7hlf{7??V wa5aSteatTown, but not not*f
abovean hundred inhabitants, and from thence to Gmla-

Vlt.

p: XIL of the Weft-Indies. 91

petty Village, yet moil pleafant for the (hade of ma-
úí-trees, Gardens, and ftately houfes which for their
lion fome Citizens of Mexico have built there, being at
lot of the Caufey which from this Town through the
reacheth about five Englijh miles to Mexico. And thus
the third day of Oäober, 162 5. we entred into that fa-
; and gallant City, yet not abiding in it, but only paf-
•hrough it, till we came to a houle of recreation, ftand-
mong the Gardens in the way to Cbapultepec, named

Jacinth, belonging to the Dominicans oí Manila in the
India's, C whither our couife was intended) where we
• ftately entertained, and abode till after Candlemas day,
time of our fecond (hipping at AcoapuUo, ( 80 leagues
1 Mexico) by the South-fea to Manila the chief
r of thelflands named fbilippinas.

Chap. XIL

wing fome particulars of the great and famous
City of Mexico informer times, with a true de-
finition of it now; and of the State and Conditi-
on of it, in the year 1625. ^

r hath been no fmall piece of Policy in the Friers and Je-
fuits of Manila and the Iflands of Thilippinas to pur-
afe near about Mexico, fome houfe and Garden to carry
ither fuch Miffionary Prieft s as they yearly bring from Spain
r thofe parts. For were it not that they found fome reft
id place of Recreation, but were prefently clofed up in the
ioiflers of Mexico to follow thofe religious duties ( which
re againft their wills moft of them are forced to ) they
ould foon after a tedious journey from Spain by fea and
nd relent of their purpofes of going forward, and ventu-
ng upon a fecond voyage by the South-fea i and would eU
lei refolve upon a return to Bpam^ or of flaying in fom^

part

I I

í;;

9 i A New Survey Chap. 5

put of America; as my felf and five more of my comp;

did, though fecretly and hiddenly, and fore againft the i

cf Fryer Calvo and others, who had the tutoring and c<

during of us. Therefore that all iuch as come from St

to be (hipped again at Accapuko for Philippine may have

manner of encouragement, reft and recieations becomi

their Profeffions, whilft they do abide in America; a

may not be diiheartned by thofe that live about Me,

m ( who do truly envy all that pafs that way to Afn

the Friers and Jefuits have purcbafed for their Miflic

houfes of Recreation among the Gardens, which are exei

pred from the power and command of the Superiors

Mexico, and are fubordinate unto the Government of t

Frovincials of Philippine who fend from thence their fu

ftituce Vicars to rule, and to look to the foremention<

houfes and Gardens. To the Dominicans belonged tí

houfe called St. Jacinth, whither we were carried, ar

where we did abide near five months, having all thing's pn

vided that were fit and neceiTary for our Recreations, and fc

our better encouragement to a fecond voyage by Sea. Tí

Gardens belonging to this houfe might be of fifteen Acres t

ground, divided into ihady walks under the Orange an

Lemmon-trees * there we had the Pomegranates, Figs, an

Grapes in abundance, with the Plan tine, Sapotte, Ghicofa

poete, Pine-fruit, and all other fruits that were to be foum

in Mexico. The Herbs and Sallets, and great number o

Spanifh Cardoes which are fold out, brought in a grea

Rent yearly > for every day there was a Cart attended to hi

filled and fent to the Market of Mexico i and this not ai

feafons of the year, as here in England and other parts ol

Europe, but at all times and feafons, both Winter and Sum-

mcr, there being no difference of heat, cold, frofts and

fnow, as with «si but the fame temper all the whole year,

the Winter differing only from the Summer by the rain that

falls, and not by exceflivc frofis that nip. This we enjoyed

without doors > but within we had all forts and varieties

both oí fiíh and ñeíh. What we moil wondred at, was the

(abundance of facet mears j and efpecially of Cooferves that

were

_

XII. oftk Weft-Indies

91

provided for us ; for to every one of us during the time
Stheie, was brought on Monday morning ¿atf a
Boxes of Conferveof Qwws, ™* °'h<* .ftmts' j*!
™ Sets to ftav our flomachs in the mornings and at
TnfA nf thedav • (or in our ftomachs we found a great

. *c ^f JT«M6e a mans tlomach will hold out

ttí aEffimeal here of good chee, «.«
iZándcheHíh ,'heaomachfourand twenty hours. But
, i ^pr mrts of /iwericj we found that two

totorVealorleef, Kid, Turkeys or other Fowls,
Ä would be ready to faint and fa < we were a,n
apport them with either a cup of CbmUtu, or abit ot
rferve or Bisket, which for that purpofe was allowed us
Sndtnce This feemed to me fo ftrange,( where as
meatfeemedasfat and hearty, excepting the Beef, as
332 that I for fame fatisfaäion prefently had «e-
,r e toa Donor of Phyfick ; who cleared my doubt w..h
s anfwer, That though the meat we fed on was as fair to
k on as i« Stain •, yet the fubftance and nourifoment m
r,reVar fhoríófi, by reafon of the paitare, which is

E«r»M have, but is (hott and withers foon away. But
-ondlv, he told me that the Climate of thofe parts had this
eft to produce a fair (hew, but little matter or fubftance.

totheflcihwefedon-.folikeivire in aU the fruits there
hiA arc meft fair and beautiful to behold, moft tweet and
.fdous t o tafte, but Utile inward verme or ¥*»#**

tathem, noth.lfthatisinaS^i/fcC.™^, or IM*
Until PiPPin. And as in meat, and fiu.t there is this
nwafd andhidden deceit, folikewifethe fame.sto befound
ñ «he people that are born and bred there who make air
,utward ibews, hut are inwardly falfe and hollow-hearted.
Which I have heard reported much among the Sf mora, to
have been the anfwer of our Queen Elizabeth of England to
feme that ptefented unto her of the fruits of ¿mima, that
furely where thofe fruits grew, the women were hght, and

i New Survey Chap, j

::

94

all the people hollow and falfe-hearted.

fpnsT^mitto fearch into i For this of experience onlv I w

which taught me that little fubftance and vertue is in

great abundance and variety of food which there is enjoi

ourftomachs witneffing this truth, which ever and a!

were gaping and crying, Feed,feed. Our Conferves th<

fore and dainties were plentifully allowed us i and all 01

encouragements, and no occafion denied us of going to \

Mexico, C Which was not two full miles from ús J all

while we abode there. It was a pleafant walk for us to go i

in the morning, and to ipend all the day in the CiFy j

come home at night, our way lying by Arches made of fíe

three miles long to convey the water from Cbabuluptc ui

the City. Take therefore, gentle Reader, from me w,

for the fpace of five months Í could learn concerning ii

Former and prefent times. The fifuation of this Citv

much like that of Venice; but only differs in this*, that'

nice is built upon the Sea-water, and Mexico upon

lake, which feemmgone, indeed is two i one part when

is itanding water ; the other ebbeth and floweth, accords

to the wind that bloweth. That part which ihndeth,

wholeiome, good, and fweet, and yieldeth ftore-of fm

Un. That part which ebbeth and floweth, is a falti

bitter, and peftiferous water, yielding no kind of ñ

fmali or great. The fweet water ihndeth higher than tl

other, andfallethintoif, and revertethnot backward

fome conceive it doth. The fait Lake contained fifto

talles in breadth, and fifteen in length, and more than fr

and forty in circuit: and the Lake of fweet water contaii

eth even as much, in fuch fort that the whole Lake contaii

eth much about a hundred miles. The Spaniards are d iv

ded in opinions concerning this water and the fpringsof i

fome hold that all this water hath but one fpring out of

great and high Mountain which ftandeth South- weft withi

light of Mexico, and that the caufe that the one part <

the Lake is brackifh and faltiih, is that ihe bottom or groun

is all fait > But however this opinion be true or falfe, cei

tain it is and by experience Í can wknefs that of that pa:

if XII. of the Weft-Indies- ®$

c fait- water great quantity of Salt is daily made, and
it of the great Trading of that City into other parts of
Country, nay it is fent part of it to the Wlippin*
ids Others fay that this Lake hath two fprings, and

the freih-water fpringeth out of that mountain whicli
deth South-weft from Mexico, and the fait brackito
er fpringeth out of other high Mountains which (land
•e North-weft : But thefe give no reafon for the faltnefs
t without it be the agitation of it in the ebbing and
ring ; which not being with tides like the Sea, but with

winds only ( which indeed make it as ftormy fometimes
s the Sea ) why may not the winds produce the fame ef-
• in the freih water Lake ? I think rather, if it fpring
in a different fpring from that from whence fpnngeth the*
[h- water, the brackiihnefs and faltiihnefs of it may pro-
d from fome brackiih and fulphurous minerals through
tichit paffeth in thofe Mountains. For by experience I
ow the like in the Province of Guatemala, where by a
>wn called Amatitlan, there is a ftanding Lake of wa-
r not altogether fweet and freih, but a little brackiih,
rich certainly harii its fpring from a fiery Mountain called
ere a Vulcano, ( whofe burning proceedsfrom the Mines of
imftone that are within it ) from whence fpring near the
me Town likewife two or three Springs of exceeding hoi
ater, which are reforted to for wholefome Baths, as co*
ing' through a fulphurous mine, and yet the ftanding*
ike proceeding from the fame Mountain is of that quality
iat it maketh the ground about it fair, and efpecially in
ie mornings the people go to gather up the fait which lietb
pon the ground by the water-fide like unto a hoary trolt
iut thirdly, others conceive that that part of the Lake of
4exico which is faltiih and brackiih comes through the
arth from the North-Sea, and though fprings of watc*
vhich come from the Sea loie their brackiihnefs through the
:arth, yet this may keep fome brackiihnefs by reafon of
:hc minerals, which are many in thofe parts i or by reafon
)f the great, wide and open concavities of thofe mountains,
tvhieh being very hollow within ( as we find by experience

m

96 J Net» Survey Chap. :

of the Earthquakes which are more frequent there than'
by reafon of the wind that getteth into thofe concavities
fo (hakes the earth to get out j give no way to t!v wate
fweeten through, the earth, o, to lofe all that faltñ-ft w
u brought w.th it from the Sea. But whatfoeve?
true reafon be there is not the like Lake knowr
fweet and fakflh water, one part breeding fiT
other breeding none at all. This Lake had form
fome fourfcore Towns, Tome fay more, fituated ro,

fliolds, and fome ten thoufand, yea and Tezcuco /I
have <a,d before; was as big V Múe¡* But ^e
was there,there m,ght be thirty Towns and Villaeesabou
and toce any ot above five hunted houjho! b«w
Spaniard, and l„d,an, ; fuch hath been the hard ufage
the Spaniard, towards them, that they have even aim

frot Thnf ' P°0r ^'j0"- NaV ^ • T«* fefore I «
trom thofe parts, winch were the years of ráae a

\ • Tu CrÍdíbly infor,,,cd th" • «¡Hon of U
an, hves had been loft in an endeavour of <he Spaniard,
turn the water of the Lake another way ¿Ac»
which was performed by cutting a way through the Mou
S* ° avo!d ^^"¡"««dationsihat Mexico w
fubjedt unto, and efpecially for that the year i£¿ t!
waters grew fo high that they threatned deftruciio.YVo t

Chu.che that flood intheh.ghefr part of it, infomuchth;
■he people uied commonly boats and Canoa', from houfe I
home. And moil of the Indian, that lived about the Lai
were .mployed toflriveagainft this firong Element of wa
ter, which has been the undoing of many poor wretche
but efpecially of thefe thirty Towns and Villages that bo,
dered near upon the Lake ; which now by that great wor¡
is further from the houies of the Cfly v and hath a paiTag
made another way, though it was thought it would no
iong continue, but would find again ksddcourfe toward
Mexico. This City when Coritz firfl entred into it, ( wa
«s fome fay ) of fixty, but mere probably it is reported tc

hav

:hap.XH. of the Weft-Indies: 97

,ave been offourfcore thoufand houies. Montezuma his
aL was very great, large and beautiful, which in the
tTan lTguagewas namedV^ i and that had twenty
loirs or gate?, which had their outcoming into thecom-
2 ftrcetf . It had three Courts, and in the one flood a fair
buntain, many halls, and a hundred chambers of three
md tTenty, and thirty foot long, an hundred bathes, and
ot-houfesVand and all this without nails yet very good
^teX The walls were made of Mafons work, and
Ät of Ma.blc,J.fpand other black none .with
,eins of re¿, like unto Rabies and other ftones which gh-
kred very fair ", the roofs were wrought of Timber, and cu-
riouily carved, being ofCedar Qprefs andPine ym, .the
Chambers were painted, and hung with cloath i of Cotton,
and of Conies hair and feathers. The beds only were un-
feeming this great ftate, very poor and ofno value, fochas to
this da? the beft and richeü Indians ufe i for they wear no-
thing but mantles laid upon mats, or upon hay, or die
mats alone. Within this Palace lived a thoufand women,nay3
fome affirm three thoufand, reckoning Gentlewomen, Jer-
vants and (laves, all together ; but the moft were principal
Indians daughters; ot whom Montezuma took tor nimleit
thofe that liked him beft, and the other he gave in marriage
to Gentlemen his fervants. it is credibly reported among
the Spaniards that he had at one time a hundred and hfty
women his wives with child, who commonly took medicines
tocaii their creatures, becaufe they knew that they mould
not inherit the State i and thefe had many old women to
guard them, for no man was permitted to look upon them,
Befides this tepac, which ugnineth Palace, Montezuma,
had yet in Mexico another houfe with very curious lodgings
and fair Galleries, built upon pillars of Jafp, which looked
towards a goodly Garden, in the which there was at lean a
dozen Ponds,fome of falt-water for Sea-fowls, and others ot
frehV water for River-fowls and Lake-fowls, which Ponds
were devifed with Sluces to empty and to fill at pleafure tor
the cleannefs of the Fowls feathers i and thefe Fowls are fcid
to have beenfo many in number, that the Ponds could
H : - fcarceif

|:íh,n

98 JNewSuryey Chap. XI!.

feared, hold them, and of fuch fevcral forts, and offucl

«heX JT^ C0,ÜUt£d feathers> that 'he ™0ft 0? nea
the Sfamardsknew not, nor had at any time feen ¡he like
There dtd belong to that houfe above three hundred pe.fon<

:tt0"ty( kfnd, °f/0Wl Í* §ave f«* baft as h
w.re wont to feed of m the fields o, rivers : others did
trim their feathers ; others had care to look to their eÄSS ;
oherstofetthemabrood; and the principal office waf to
pluck the feathers ; (or of them were made rich „1 les
tpfttywroHghnvlth targets, tufts of feathers, and many
other things gold and filver. y

Befidcs this houfe, Montezuma had yet another houfe
with.n «to, appointed only for hawking fÓ« * and
foj • s of rapme. In which houfe there wfre many high
Halls, wherein were kept men, women, and children iuch

S dT(Z> "ook-b^ « »ny ™n<W perfons, and
with them fuch as were born white of colour, which did ve-
ry leldom happen ;nay, fome would deform their children
on purpofe to have them carried to the Kings houfe, to he p
to fet forth hisgreatnefsby their deformity? fo ,he lower

for, M°f «■" T Ca§CS for fow!s of "P¡"' of all
forts, as Hawks, Kites, Boy ten (which are very many in
thofc parts) and of the Hawks near a dozen fund ry kinds
of them. This houfe had for daily allowance five hundred
Turkey cocks, and three hundred men of fervice, btf.des
the Falconers and Hunters, which lome fay were above a
tnouland men. The Hunters were maintained in that houfe
becaufe of theravcous beafls which werealfo kept in the
lower Halls in great cages made of timber, wherein were
kept in feme Lyons, m others Tygers, in others Ownzes, in
others Wolves i in conclufion, there was no four-footed bead
wanting ¡here, only to the etTec*, that the mighty Monti-
a^mtght lay, that he had iuch things in his houfe ;and
all were fed daily with Turkey-cocks, Deer, Dogs, and
Jachhke. Taere were alfo in another Hall great earthen

veflcls,

of the Weft-Indies:

Chap. XII. 0/fkWeit-lndies. 99

veffels. fome with earth, aud feme with water, wherein
we Snakes, asgrofsas a mans thigh, Vipers, Crocodie*
whh they all cV,«x, of twenty foot long w,th eaes
ana head like a Dragon -, befides many other taller L.farts
and o he, venemous beafts and Serpents, as well of the water
afof he land To thefe Snakes and the other venemous
beaftsthey ufually gave the blood of men facrificed to feed
S "SS fe «bey gave unto **"™»*£¿£
the ¡>reat Lifarts, or Caymans eat very well. But what was
wonSl to behold, horrid to fee, hideous to hear uifau
Zf was «heOffice.s daily occupat ons about thefe be ate,
Sorwith blood like a gelly, ftinkmg ¥****&&
houfe and the roaring of the Lions, the fearful hifling of
the Snake» and Adders, the doleful howling ;and barking ¡of
the Wolves, the fonowful yelling of the Ownzes and Ti-
tles whin hey would have meat. And yet in this pUee,
|h hTn the night feafon fcemed a dungeon of hell, and»
dwelling Place for the Devil, could a heathen Prince pray
SKdsa.dldoU^^untoAisHa^^
of a hundred and fifty foot long and thirty fcS broad,
where was a chappel with the roof of filver and gold in .*«
wainfeotted and decked with great ftore of pearl and (lone,
as Agats,Cornerines, Emeralds, Rubies, and divers other
fortst a.,d this was the Oratory where Montezuma prayed
in the night feafon, and in that chappel the Devil did ap-
pear unto him, and gaVe him anfwer according tohis pray-
ers, which as they were uttered amongfo many ugly andde-
formed beans, and with the noife of them which repreiented
Hell it felf, were fitted for a Devils anfwer. He had I alio
his Armoury, wherein was great ftore of all kindoffuch
Ammunition which they ufed inthett Wars, as Bows Ar-
rows, Slings, Launces, Darts, Clubs, Swords and Buck-
lers, and gallant Targets, more trim than «rong.and all
made of Wood, gilt or covered with Leather. The Wood
whereof they made their Armoutand Targets watery hard
and ftrong i and at their arrows ends they enclofcd a lit le
Ice of lint- ftone, or a piece of a fiftv bone Called £M|
whtehwasfo venemous, that if any were hurt with it, and

í Mi

*oo "4 New Survey Chap. XII.

the head remained^ the wound, it fo feftered that it was al-
rnoft incurable. Their Swords were of Woodland the edge

S f^íW^' Índ0rká 0r J°yned "toa flaff j and
with thtfe fwords thtf cut fpears, yea and a Horfe neck at a
blow, and could make dents into iron, which feemeth a
thing unpc^ble and incredible. Thefe flints were joyned
into the (jafTs with a certain kind or glue, which was made of
a root cajled Zacoh, and T*^, which is a kind of flron*

!ät a Kr/^madc a mixture' andaftcr kneaded^

with the blood of Bats, or Rear- mice and other fowl, which
didgkw fo flrong, that it fcarceevcr undeaved again i and

ffir^mf71hadrin. hi§ h0ufe of *««<>«' g?eat flore.
But betides thefe houfes U is wonderful to relate yet many
others which tnat great heathen Empercur had for his only
recreation and paftime, with excellent fair gardens of medi-
cinal hems, fwect flowers, and trees of delegable favour,
but of one garden mare cfpecially it is faid, that in it there
were athoufandperfunagesmade, and wrought artificially
ot leaves and flowers And montezuma would not permit
that in this garden ihould be any kind of Pot herbs, or
tilings to be fold, faying that it did not appertain to Kings to
have things of profit among their delights-and pleafures, for
that fuch did appertain to Merchants. Yet out of Mexico
he had Orchards with many and-fundry fruits; and like-'
wifepleafant houies in Woods and Forreíts, of great compafs
environed with water, in the which he had fountains, rivers*
ponds with fi(h, rocks and covens where were Harts, Bucks'
Hares, Foxes, Wolves and fuch like, whither he himfclf fel-
dom waits but the Lords of Mexico ukd to go tofport
themfelves in them. Such and fo many were the houfes of
Montezuma, wherein few Kings were equal with him. He
had daily attending upon him in his privy guard fix hundred
Woblemen and Gentlemen, and each of them three or four
iervants,and fomehad twenty fervantsor more according to
their eftatcj and the mofl credible report goes, that in this
manner he had three thoufand men attendants in hisCourr
all which were fed in his houfe of the meat that came from
'His table, There were in thofe times under the Mexican

Empire

:hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies; ioT

rnpireth.eethourandLordsofTowns^hohaamanvvaf.
Kit more efpecially there were thirty of high eftate, who
ereaok to make eacnof <hem a hundred thoufand men of
^ r AndTlHhefe Noblemendid abide in Ato» a «or-
.in rim Tof the year in the Court of Me»tez«ma,z»d could
otdewrt Urn thence without efpecial licence of the Em-
,e on/ eavmgeaeh of them a fon or brother behmd them

oritcuniy fpchand fo great wasihe Court of Mot-

Ä" trtvVrtt-^ing in the buildings of all
hefehiVhoufes, for he had certain Towns that payed no
"ner rritae, b'utonly «o «^Ä
loufes at their own proper coir, and paid all kind ot wow
ücr can Vine "P™ ¡heir backs, or drawing in fieds ftone,

SS»(l>roJ a" Wh£t neC£ffarkS a i"!0 U
Sft were bound to provideall.he wood tbnfliouU

be (hint in the Court, which was five hundred mens bur-
SÄdaysmtheWinterrchm^. «*-
rWlv for the Emperors chimnies they brought the b„rk ot
O k t e s wWA wascfteemed for .he light Thus was
ri, t Sea 'City formerly iUullrated with a mighty Monarch,

SfeUAttendan'ts r^ *&?£*»££
three forts of ftreets,very broad and faw, the one lott was
only of water, with many budges, another fort of only
mth, and ihe'third of earth «**»», the one half being
firm ground to walk upon, and the other half for boats to

iifon to the City ; the moil part of ^ faf»<*M
two door, .he one toward the Cawiey, and the other to-
ward the water, at the which they too k boar to go w J, her
they lift. But this water ( though fo near to the houiesj
be ng ot good to drink, .here .s other water freih and
iwea brought by conduit to Mexico, from a place called
S3 three miles diftant from that City which
S3 Out of a little hill, at the foot whereof ftood for-
5Ä, or images, wrought in ftone, w.drtar
Tareets and Launces, the one'of Mmtwna-, the other ot
2« te father. The water is brought from thence to

ÄJ in two pipes built upon Arches of bnck and ftone

M I

wm

*®é J New Survey Chap XII,

like a fair-bridgei and when one pipe is foul, then all
the water is conveyed into the other, till the firft be made
clean, b rom this fountain all the whole City is provided
and the Water-men go felling the fame water from Greet to'
fireet, fome in liftle boats, others with earthen Tankards
upon Mules or Affes- backs. The chief and principal divifion
of this City when the Spaniards firft conquered it, was into
two ftreets i the one was called llateluko, that is to fay, a
little Ifland and the other Mexico where Montemma his
dwelling and Court was,fignifying in the language a form*.
And becaufe of the Kings palace there, the whole City was
named Mexico. But the old and tirft name of the City ac-
cording to fome Hiftorians was tenmhitlan, which figniti-
e?h! fruit out ofa none, being a compounded name of 71*/
whicn in the language is lione, and Ntcbtli, which is a
iweet fruit called generally in Cuba, and all other parts of
America, by the Spaniards, Tunas i the name of the tree
whereon this fruit groweth is called Nopal. And when
this City begun to be founded, it was placed near unto a
great ftone that ftood in the midft of the lake, at the foot
whereof grew one of thefe Nopal trees > which is the reafon
why Afeo giveth for arms and device the foot ofa Nopal
tree (tanging from a none according to the firft name of the
Uty Tenuchtitlan. But others doaffirnyhat thisCityrhath the
name of the firft founder of it, cabled lenuch, the fecond fon
of iztacmixcoatl, whofe fons and dependents did rirft inha-
bit all that of part America which is now called New Spain.
Mexico is as much as to fay a fpring or fountain, according
jo the property of the vowel or fpeech, from whence fome
fudge that City to be fo named. But others do affirm that
Mexico hath its name from a more ancient time, whofe
.M founders were called Mexiti, for unto this day the J«-
dian d welters in one ftreet of this City are called of Mexico
And that thefe Mexiti took name of their principal Idol
called Mexuir, who was in as great veneration a s Fitzito*
fttcbtli, the God of War. But others affirm ( and this
opinion is moil received among the Spaniards ) that the
Mexicans rirft were the inhabitants of Nova Gait da i from

whence

2hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies. 105

whence they made a ^j^&Qgjfä
fingered "MffáJS, Lit this City,
he leading ot Ate their pnici y*r > _,

K.ngs was fefatft , who by to ^.^

kL°s And If r he death of i£M* *««*« •«.
if £, firftrfeftoisf which were fix in number ) chofen
by the firft dea"^.Tc" they had formerly made

Svcnien fot the Commonwealth that another mould be
Kb* and that he (hould execute that which was otherwife
more fitfot he neceflity of the State, than to lay the whole
more tit tor me i without being King, he

fho took M»««s»» p,ito™,on«ownpMri
with fair words and language carried h.m to his lodgings m
IS and kept him .here, knocking a pair of gyves on
K. until the execution of g?i/P«.^Lptdof H^
SnoW called Abmfc ( '*» was to be burnt forkiUmg
nine Sf>««r¿ ) was paft. But this impnfonment often
EmPMorftirredupth] 1 hearts of all.he Mm«« toconfplre
Shfc^g 4m#^. againftwhomthey fought

*¡

m ANewSurvey . Chap XII

a moil fierce and bloody battel two or three dav, tna„u '

«red M„atogo up fcSSSdcSssas

they were batter.ng with ftones,and to commmd hk f,S
change, or elfe to change their Lord, as doth iffl

Hawaiian i and prepared tacen or a* nth,,- r •
Vergantines for ti,e lake, the foe ffi'S^S^
by water and land, that he Citizens v ere in %Z 7 f°
and ft, niany dead with hungéraS&S" >!Ä w^
tees cfdead bodies in houfts on!,, r.'fc i J T e
fe-i^ ; who Wou,d tty^ Alt
5..e.r K,ng Aatoft» ,1¡s flir ^ f¿ fc £■ *<y law

greatcfl part ot their City confuted with fi and bea en
down plajii with the ground, fo lorigas thev m„U

pole the Spamard, : who after many fierce and ¿S tP"
byland and with theirboats by w/ter Z JÄ
««fef-pface and moft q£«he City, astbey^twaltog

in

ip: XIL of the Weft-Indies. 105

ie ftreets found heaps of dead bodies in the houfes,
s and in the water, and the very barks of trees and
s¿nawn by the hungry creatures, ^heíñenfo lean
veUow that it was a pitiful fight to behold. And with
C «i required them to yield, but they although
were fo lean of body were ftrong in heart, and anfwer-
b« he ihould not fpéak of any friendihip to them nor
hope of their fpoil, for when no fortune woud favour
n then they would either burn their treafure, or
*w it into the Lake, where they ihould never profit
reby, and that they would tight while one alone ihould

Sefoousto fee what remained of the City to win
nt up into a high Tower, and having well viewed the
U he judged that of eight parts one remained yet to win.
¿auditing the fame, the forrowful Citizens bewading
4 unfortunate fate and deftiny, be eeching the Spamardr
make an end, and to kill them all out of hand i others
ndinz at the brim of the water near unto a draw-bridge
ied out. O Captain Cortez, feeing that thou art the
hild of the Sün, why doit thou not intreat the Sun thy
«her to make an end of us? O thou Sun thatcanftgo
,und about the World ina day and a night, we pray thee
,ake an end of us and take us out of this referable life, for
-e delire death to go and reft with our God guetcavatlb
rho tarrieth for us. Of es feeing the great extremity that
icfe poor wretched people were in, thinking now that they
,ouid yield unto him, ient a meifage to guahutmoc áe~
irinehim to confider his Subjeds great extremity .which yet
aiaht be greater, if he yielded not to Peace. But when the
tubborn King heard this ambafiage, he was io moved with
re and choler, that forthwith he commanded Cart ezhis Am-
)affadour to be facrificed, and gave the reft of the Spaniard*
that went with him for anfwer blows with ftones, fiaves and
Arrows, faying that they defired death and no Peace.
Whereupon Cortez feeing the King foftubborn and refradto-
ry after fo much ilaughter and mifery of his fubieÄi, after io
many Combates andskirmiíhes mads With the Ms of almoft

H '

11

luff

I © 6 A Kern Survey Chap. X]

ai! the Cky, fent forthwith £^;<W with his Vergantin
one way, and went himfelf another combating the houi
and forts that yet remained 9 where he found fmall refiftanc
fo that he might do what he pleafed. One would hai
thought there had not been five thoufand left in all the Cit
feeing the heaps of dead bodies that lay about the ftreets an
sn the houfes, and yet fuch was this laíi combate, that thei
were that day flain and taken prifoners forty thoufand pej
Ions The lamentable cry and mourning of the women an
chhdren, would have made a flrong heart relent, the ftenc
alfo of the dead bodies was wonderful noifom. That nmri
Cortez purpofed to make an end the next day of the Wars
and Quabutimoc pretended to flie, and for that purpof
had embarked himfelf in a Canoa of twenty Oars. Whei
they day appeared, Cortez with his men, and four Pieces o
Ordnance came to the corner where thofe that yet remaine(
were (hut up as Catrel in a Pound. He gave order to San
doval and Alvarado what they ihould do, which was to b<
ready with their Vergantines, and to watch the coming ou
ot the Cawa's, which tvere hid betwixt certain houfes
and efpeeially to have regard unto the Kings perfon, and noi
to hurt him, but to take him alive. He commanded the re-
lidue of his men to force the Mexican boats to go out, and
he himfelf went up into a Tower, inquiring for the King,
where he found Xtbuacoa, Governour and Captain General
of the City, who would in no wife yield himfelf. Then
came out of the City a great multitude of old folks, men
women and children to take boat. The throng was fo great
with haft to enter die Canoas, that many by that means were
drowned in the Lake. Cortez required his men not to kill
ihofc miferablc creatures •, But yet he could not ftay the In -
¿tans his friends Off ftaxcallan, and other places, who flew
and facririced above fifteen thoufand. The men of War flood
in the houfe tops, and Zones beholding their perdition. All
the Nobility of Mexico were embarked with the King. Then
fortes, gave %n with the fhot of a hand- gun, that his Cap-
tains ihould be in a readinefs, io that in ihort fpace they wan
fully and wholly the great City of Mem. The Vergan-

« tine !

p: XII. of the Weft-Indies. 107

Lwife brake inamong the Fleet of boats without any

ñ« and PirfentW belt down **•*««« R°'.al
anee, and preici j . h wasa Captain of one of the

SL ^SaíSc.toftweníOarsdeepiadea
; t^r brine by one of his prifoners informed
'H?*S 8 ve chafe to it'andprefently oyer
it ES,*hoii<»dupon.he Poop of

' j .«Cbf faw the Swniink Crofs-bows bent

;.nM ready tohgh,fawAe^« ^

Sf* dírSat Cw s King; 6» ftt* being

duty hop Tng not to have come to this eftate and place
,i rowTKi and confideting that you may do

h me wha you ptaft, I befeech you to kill roe, and that
¿TnlTreqJeft. ?' Corhz comforted him with fair words,
Si hope of life : and took him up into _ a Zot , re-
S him to command his Sub eds that yet held out to

Änder themfelyes. Which $*"££§&
■rformed i and at that time after fo many Prifoners taken,
idfomany thoufawäs flain and «atved, there wereabout
A ten thoufand pcfons, who Teeing «hat Prmce
Prifoner, threw down their weapons and f*m"tedthe™-
•Ive? Thus did ft-ACm"» .he famous and
itelv City of Mexico, on the 13. day of ¿«gufi, Ah
EY , 5 .. In remembrance whereof every year on mat
lav they make in Mema a fumptuous feaft and folemn
SÄ wherein is carried the Standard Royal, with the
which the City was won. Inthelofsofitwasasmuchtobe
Pbferv d as Antiquity can produce of any V ¿toy ¿ wherein
wa one Empetoíthe gteateft that ever was tn m «hofe parts
flain-, and another as great a Warrier as ever Awrm had
known taken°PrifonerS. The Siege endured from the «me
the Ve gantines came from Hawaiian three months, and

herein lete on Orchis fide nea^osooo him,, «ho

mam

. i © 8 ^ N<?0> S¿rí^ Chao. XI

daily íncreafed and came in to help him, poo Spaniards
fourfcore horfes only, feventeen or eighteen' Pieces of Ore
nance -, fixteen or asfome fay eighteen Vergantines, and £
leaft 6000 Canoas. In this Siege were flain fifty Spaniard
only and fix horfes, and not above eight thoufand of rhe It
Mans Cprtez his friends. And on the Mexicans fide wer
flain at leail a hundred and twenty thoufand Indians, befide
thofe that died with hunger and Peftilence. At the defcne
of theCity were all the Nobilify,by reafon whereof many c
them were flain. i he multitude of People in the City wa
io great, that they were contained to eat little, to drini
fait- water, and to fleep among the dead bodies, where wa
a horrible ¿tench ; and for theft caufes the difeafe of Pefti
fence fell among them, and thereof died an infinite number
Whereupon is to be confidered their valour, and ftedfaí
determination •, for although they were affli&ed with fuel
fiünger that they were driven to eat boughs, rinds of tree?
and to drink falt-water, yet would they not yield them
ielves. And here alio is to be noted, that although the
Mexicans did eat mans fltih, yet they did eat none but fuel-
as were their enemies > for had they eaten one another and
their own children, there would not fo many have died with
banger. I he Mexican women were highly commended,
not only becaufe they abode wit h their husbands and fathers,
but alio for the great pains they took with the lick and
wounded perfonsvyea and alio they laboured in making
flings cutting itones fit for the fame, and throwing fiones
from the Zoths -y for therein they did as much hurt as their
men. The City was yielded to the fpoil, and the Spani-
ards took the gold, plate and feathers, the Indian frknds
had all the reft of cloth and other ftuff. Thus was that fa-
mous, City ruinated, and burnt by the Spaniards, and the
power of that Nation brought under the Spañjh fubje&ion.
Cortez having found the air of thac City very temperate and
pleafant for mans life, and the (ituation commodious,
ihought prefetitly of rebuilding it, and of making it the
chi er Seat of juftice and Court for all that Country. But
More I come to fpeak of it as rcbuilded and now nourishing,

I

p; XII. of the Weft-Indies. 190

[\ add unto what hath been iaid of Montezuma his
» ftate andhoufesinit, the greatneis of the Market-

and Temple, which was in it, when the Spaniards
d and deftroycd it. The conveniency of the Lake
t this Citv Rave encoutagement to the Mexicans to let
t a moa fpacious Market-place, whither all the Country
it mieht refort to buy,exchange and fell i which was the
-eaiie for them by reafon oí the abundance of Boats
ft were made only for fuch Trafique. In this great lake
e were at that time above twohunorcd thoufand of thclc
. boats which the Indians call Acalles, and the Span*..
' call them Canons, wrought like a kneading tiough,
e bisaer than others according to the greatnefsofthe
y ofthe tree,whereof they aremade. And where Í number
.hundred thoufand of thefe boats, I fpeak of the lean,
Mexico alone had above fifty thoufand ordinarily to car-
i»d brina unto the City vidual, piovilion, and paflen-
s fo that on the market days all the ftreets of water were

'of them. The Market is called in the Indian tongue
nwztli \ every Pariih had his Market place to buy and

in-, but Mexico and Ihtelula only, which are the
efeft Cities, had great Fairs and places fit for the fame ;
1 efpecially Mexico had one place, where moft days in the
ir was buying and felling s but every fourth day was the
-at Market ordinarily. This place was wide and large,com-
ffed about with doors, and was fo great that ioooqo
rfons came thither to chop and change, as a Citymoft
incipal in all that region. Every occupation and kind of
erchandiie had his proper place appointed, which no
her might by any means occupy or diíturb. Likewife pe-
trous wares had their place accordingly, . fuch as ftone5
mber,lime, brick and all fuch kind of fluff unwrought,
¡:ing neceiTary to build withal. Alfo mats both fine and
üarfe, of fundry workmanihip •, alfo coals, wood, and all
>its of earthen veffels, glazed and painted very cutioufljf.'
>eer-skins both raw and tanned, in bair, and without hair,
f many colours, for Shoomakers, for Bucklers, Targets,
erkins, and lining of woadden corflets, alfoskins of other

beaft?,

HI

/

no J New Survey Chap, j

beaits, and fowl in feathers ready dreiTed of all forts

colours and fírangeneí* thereof was a thing wonderful u

hold. The nchcft merchandize was fait, and mantle

Cotton-wool of divers colours, both great and fmall ; f

ior beds other for garments and clothing, other for Tap

to hang houfcs i other Gotten- cloth was wont to be fold t

tor hnnen drawers ( which to this day the Indians ufe

«bins table-cloaths, towels and fuch like things. TÍ

were alfo mantles, made of the leaves of a tree called A

and of the Palm-tree and Conie-hair, which were *

dieemed, being very warm, but the Coverlets made

feathers were the beir. They fold fed there made of Cor

hair, and alfo skins of other thred of all colours

the great flore of poultrey which was brought to that Mar

was Granger to fee and the ufes they folded bought th

for j for although they did eat the fleíh of the fowl! yet

feathers ferved for clothing, mking one fort with anotl

But the chief bravery of that market was the place wh

gold and feathers joyntly wrought were fold i for any tbi

that WM m requefl, was there lively wrought in cold a

feathers and gallant colours. The Indians were fo exp

and perfeft in this fcience, that they would work or mak

butter-flic, any wild beaft, trees, roles, flowers, herbs, roc

or any other thing fo lively that it was a thing marvellous

behold, ft hapned many times that one of thefe workm

in j whole day would eat nothing, only to place one featr

in his due perfection, turning and toiling the (earner to t

light of the Sun, into the ihade or dark place to fee whf

was his moft natura! perfection, and till his work were fir

toed he would neither eat nor drink. There are few na:

oris of fo much fleam or fubflance. The art, or fcience

Goldimiths among them was the moil curious, and ha

good workmanihip engraven with tools made of flint or

mould. They will call a platter in mould with eight co

ners, and every corner cf fcveral metal, the one of gol

and the other of filver, without any kind of folder. Tfn

will alfo found or caft a little cauldron with looie handl,

hanging thereat, as we ufe toeafta bell; they will alfo caft. i

moul

—

ap. XH. of the Weft-Indies. in

;ldafi(hofmetal, wih one fcale of iilver on his back,
another of gold •■> they will make a Parrot or Popinjay
netal that his tongue (hall (hake, and his head move,

his wings flutter ; they will caft an Ape in mould, that
i hands and feet (ball ftir > and hold afpindie in his hand
ning to fpin, yea an apple in his hand as though he
aid eat it. They have skill alfo in Enamelling and to
any pretious fione. But now as touching the market,
re was to fell Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, Latten, and
i i although there was but very little of the three laft me-
; mentioned. There were pearls, ,precious ftones, divers
1 iundry forts of ihels, and bones, Sponges, and Ped-
5 ware. There were alfo many kind of herbs, roots, and
ds, as well to be eaten, as for medicine i for both men,
>men and children had great knowledge in herbs, for
rough poverty and neceffity they did feek for their fufte-
nceand hel£> of their infirmities and difeafes. They did
:nd little among Phyficians, although there were (orne of
at Art, and many Apothecaries, who did bring into the
arket, ointments, fyrups, waters, and other drugs fit for
;k perfóns, They cure all difeafes almoit with herbs : yea

much as (ox to kill lice they have a proper herb for the
iipofe. The fcveral kinds of msa^ to be fold was without
amber, as Snakes without h ¿t3 d tail, little dogs gelt,
ioles, Rats, Long- worms. Lice ,* i, anda kind of earth v
)r at one feafon in the year the' ¿ad nets of Mail, with the
rtuch they raked up a certain ciuft that is bred upn the wa-
nt of the lake of Mexico, and that is kneaded together like
nto Qaie of the fea. They gathered much of this and kepe
| in heaps, and made thereof Cakes like' unto Brick-bats*
Vnd they did not only fell this ware in the Market, but alfo
ent it abroad to other Fairs and Markets afar off-, and they
lid eat this Meal with as good a ttomach as we eat Gheefe ?
fea, and they hold opinion, that this skum or fatnefs of the
water isthe caufe that fuch great number oflowlcomethto
the lake, which in the winter íeafon is infinite. They fold
likewife in this Maiket Venifon by quarters or whole, as
Does, BareSjConies, and Dogs,and many othes beafts,which

they

1

112

m

A New Survey- Chap, X!

they brought up for the purpofe and took in hunting. T

great flore of fundry kinds of fruits was marvellous,' whi

were there fold, both green and ripe. There is a fort as'jj

as an Almond called Cacao ( whereof is the°drink called é/

colaite well known now in Chriitendom ) which is bo

meat and currant money. In thefe times of the bigger fc

ilxfcore or fevenfeore, and of the leífer fort two hundred a

worth a Spamjh Rial, which is iixpence^nd with thefe tl

Indians buy what they lift -, for five, nay for two Cacai

which is a very fmall part of a Rial, they do buy fruits ar

the like. There were divers kinds of colours to be fol

which they made ofrofes, flowers, fruits, barks of tree

and other things very excellent. All the things recited,an

many others which I fpeak not of, were fold in this gre*<

Market, and in every other Market ci Mexico i and alltr

fellers payed a certain furn for their (hops or landings t

she King, as aCuitom, and they were to be prefeivedan

defended from thieves and robbers, And for that purpol

there went Strjeants and Officers up and down the Mark*

to fpie out malefa&ors. In the midft of this Market ftoo

an houfe, which was to be feen throughout the Fair, an

there did fit commonly twelve ancient men for Judges t

difpatch kw.matiers. Their buying and felling was t

change one ware for another, one gave a hen for a bundle c

Mai2; others gave mantles far fait or money which was Ca

cao. They had meafure and (hike for all kind of corn, am

, other earthen meaiures for honey and oyl, and fuch wines a

they made of Palm- trees, and other roots and trees. Am

If any meafure were falfiried,ihcy puniihed the Offenders anc

brake their meafure?. This was the civility they had whet

they were Heathens, for buying and felling. And althougf

they knew not the true God, but worihipped Idols i yet re

«heir Idols and to the Devil they dedicated Temples and pla

cesof worihip,wherein they uefd thofe faciihces which Vavk

fpeaksofin Pfal. 105.37. faying, 1 bey facrificed their fom

and their Daughters unto JDeviis.

The Temple is called in the Mexican language Jeucalli.
which is a compound word of Tent I , which fignirieth

God3

:hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies; i i j

Jod, and GaU, which fignifieth a houfe. There were in
toxico many Parifh-Churches with towers, wherein were
lhappels and Altáis where the Images and Idols didihnd*
l11 their Temples were of one fafoion i the like I believe
ras never feen nor heard of. And therefore it lhall be now
afficienttodefcribe the chief and greateft Temple, which
/as as their Cathedral Church. This Temple was fquare,
nd did contain every way as much ground as aCrofsrbow
in reach level, tt was made of done, with four doors that
iokt towards the three Cawfeys3 and upon another part of
be City that had no Cawiey, but a fair ftreet. In the midft
f this Quad em flood a mount of earth and ftone, fquare
kewife, and fifty fathom long every way, built upward like
nto a Pyramid of Egypt, faving that the top was not (harp
ut plain and flat, and ten fathom fquare. Upon the Welt
de were fteps up to the top, in number a hundred and four-
een, which being Co many, high and made of good ftone,
lid feem a beautiful thing. It was a «range fight to behold
he Priefts,fome going up, andfome down with ceremo-
lies, or with men to be facrificed. Upon the top of this
temple were two great Altars, a good fpace diflant the one
rom the other, and fonigh the edge or brim of the wall,
hat fcarcely a man might go behind them at pleafure* The
»nc Altar Qood on the right hand, and the other on the lefti
hey were but of five foot high s each of them had the back
>art made of ftone, painted with monftrous and foul figures.
Fhe Chappel was fair and well wrought of Mafons work and
imben every Chappel had three lofts one above another,
uftained upon pillars, and with the height thereof it ihew-
:d like unto a fair tower, and beautified the City afar off.
horn thence aman might fee all the City and Towns round
ibout the lake, which was undoubtedly a goodly profped.
And becaufe Cortez and his company ihould fee the beauty
:hereo£ Montezuma himfelf ( to make the more oftenta-
:ion of his greatnefs and the Majefty of his Court ) carried
:he firft Spaniards thither, and ihewed them all the order
tf the Temple, even from the foot to the top. There was a
certain plot Or fpace for the Idol Piiefts to celebrate their fer-
I vise

*H J New Survey Chap. XIL

vice without diflurbance ofany. Their general prayers were
made toward the riling of the fon: upon each Altar flood a
great Ido!.

Befides this Tower which flood upon the Pyramid, there
were forty towers great and fmall belonging to other little
Temples which flood in the fame circuit > the which although
they were of the fame making, yet their profpeá was not
Wefl-wárd, but other ways, becaufe there ihould be a dif-
ference bawixt the great Temple and them. Some of thefe
Temples were bigger than others, and every one of a feveral
God i among the which there was one round Temple dedi-
cated to the God of the air called guecalcovatl v for even as
the air goeth round about the heavens, even for that confe-
deration they made this Temple round. The entrance of
that Temple had a door made like unto the mouth of a
Serpent, and was painted with foul and devilifli geftures,
with great teeth and gums wrought, which was a fight to'
fear ihofc rhat ihould enter in thereat, and efpecially the
Ohriftians unto whom it reprefented hell it felf with that
ugly face and monibous teeth. There were other Teucallies
in the Ciiy, that bad the afcending up by fttps in three
places \ ; and ail thefe Temples had houfes by themielves with
a)! fervice belonging to them, and Pricits, and particular
Gods. And from this manner of thefe Heathens Temples,
and Altars, made with fteps, we may obftrve how like unto
them is now the Church of Rome, which as it confefTtth that
there never was a Church without a vifiblefacrifice,and
therefore teacheth that Chrifts body rnuil be broken upon
their Altars, and diflributed not only as a Sacrament to the
people, but as a facririce in the Pridis hand?, differing only
that the facriiices o* Sheep and Oxen in the old Law, and
thefe oí the Heathens were bloody facrifces, but theirs of
Chriíís body they call Incmentum Sacrificium, an unbloody
fae'rifice i fo ¡ikewife in the buildings of their Churches with
feveral Towejsand Altars and Chappels dedicated to feveral
Saints they feem to have taken from the very Heathens s but
efpecially in the many fteps whereby they afend up to their
'Altáis, they refemble thefe, forgetting Gods words in Exed.

20,

Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies; 1 1 5

20 %6. faying, Neither Jhalt thou go up by flept unto mine
Hitar, that thy nak¿dnefs be not difiovered thereon. And
laftly in their houfesandCloiftcrsjoyningto their Churches
for the fervice of them, being full of idolatrous Priefts and
Friers confecrated for theit fervice, they feem like wife to
have borrowed that fanfie of Convents, Abbies, and
Priories from the very Heathens, who.C as prefently I ihall
(hew ) had near joyning to this great Temple, houfes con-
taining thoufands of Priefts, with yearly rents and revenues,
like thofe of Romes Abbies, and Cloifters. At every door
of this great Temple of Mexico flood a large hail, and
goodly lodgings both high and low round about, which
houfes were common Armories for the City. The Hea-
thens it feemshafi fo much undemanding as to know that
the force and ftrength of a ToWn, City, or Country is the
Temple, and therefore they placed there their ftorehoufe of

They had other dark houfes fall of Idols great and fmilt»
wrought of fundry metals, which were all bathed and
waihed with blood, and did (hew very black through their
daily fprinkling and anointing them with the fame, when
any man was facriñeed ; yea and (he walls were an inch thick
with blood, and the ground a foot thick of it, fo that there
was a devilifh flench. The Priefts went daily into thole
Oratories, and fuffered none other but great perfonages to
enter in. And when any fuch went in, they were bound
to offer fome man to be facrificed, that thoie bloody hang-
men and Minifters of the Devil might waft their hands in
the blood of thofe fo facrificed, and might fprinkle their
houfe therewith. For their fervice in the Kitchin they had a
pond of water, that was filled once a year, which was
brought by the Conduit pipes before mentioned, from the
principal fountain. All therefidue of the forefaid circuit
ferved for places to breed fowls, with gardens of herbs and
fweet trees, with rofes and flowers for the Altars > and this té
alfo the Church of Romes cuftom and fuperflition, to trim
and desk their Saints and Altars with Garlands and Crowns
of Rofes and other flowers. Such, fo great and ftrange was
1 I a thil

¡ñ

u 6 A New Survey Chap. XIL

this Temple of Mexico, for the fervice of the Devil, who had
deceived thofe ilmplc Indians. There did refide ( as I ¿aid
before of Monks and Friers in their Gloifters joyningto their
Churches) in this Temple and houfes joyning to ^continu-
ally five thoufand perfons, and all thefe were lodged and
bad their living there > for that Temple was mu vellous rich,
and had divers Towns only for their maintenance, and re-
paration, and were bound to fuftain the fame always on
foot. Thefe Towns did fow corn, and maintain all thofe
five thoufand perfons with bread, fieih, fiih, and fire-
wood as much as they needed, for they fpent more fire-
wood than was fpent in the Kings Court. Thefe perfons
did live like Romes Abby-lubbers at their hearts eafe, as fer-
vants and valíais unto the Gods,which were many ; and every
God had feveral ranks and Orders of P'iefts to (erve him •, as
the feveral Saints canonized by the Popes of Rome have under
them difiindt Religious Orders of Priefts, Dominic^ hath
Dominicans, Francit Francifcans, Benediä BenediÓcines, Ba-
fil Bafilians, Bernard Bernard ines, duguflin Auguftines, and
the like.

The Gods of Mexico ( as the Indians reported to the firft
Spaniards) were two thoufand in number i the chiefeft were
Vitzilopuchtli, and Tezcatlipucay whofe Images flood high-
eft in the Temple upon the Altars. They were made of ftone
in full proportion as big as a Gyant. They weie covered with
a lawn called Nácar ? they were 6efet with pearls, precious
ftones, and pieces of gold, wrought like birds, beaft, fiíhes,
and flowers, adorned with Emeralds, Turquois, Chalcedonsr
and other little fine iiones,fo that when the lawn was taken
away, the Images feemed very beautiful and glorious to be-
hold. But muit I find out Rome ftill among thefe Heathens ?
and will the Papifts be angry if I tell them plainly that
what I miflike in thefe Idolatrous Mexuans, I miflike in
them > for do not they deck and adorn their Idol Saints,as the
heathens did Vitzilopucbtli and Tezcatlipuca ? Do not they
cover their woodden and /tony (tatúes, of Saints, and of the
Virgin Mary with fine lawn fhirts, and hide them with
«.mains of cloth ofGold, and crown them with Crowns of

Silvef

v ■

Chap. XII. of the Weft-indies: 1 17

Silver, and Gold, and enrich them with coftly and precious
Tewels and Diamonds ; not confidering that they are the
works of their own hands ? Ad quid perditiohtc tpoterant
enim venmdari, & dan pauperibw. Thefe ^ two Indtan
Idols had for a girdle great Snakes of gold, and for collars or
chains about their necks ten hearts of men made of gold i
and eachofthemhada counterfeit Vifor with eyes of glafs,
and in their necks Death painted. Thefe two Gods were
brethren, (ot fezcatlipuc* was the God of Providence and
Vitzilopucbtli> God of the Wars v who was woííh.pped and
feared more than all the reft. There was another God, who
had a great Image placed upon the top of the Chappd of
Idols, and he wasefteemedforafpecialand fingularGod
above all the reft. This God was made of all kind of feeds
that grow in that Country i which being ground, they
made a certain paft tempered with childrens blood and Vir-
gins facrificed, who were opened with rafors m their brefts,
and their hearts taken out, to offer as firft fruits unto the
Idol. The Priefts confecrated this Idol with great pomp
and many Ceremonies. All the Comarcan* and Citizens
were prefent at the Confecration with great triumph and in-
credible devotion. After the Confecration many devout per-
fons came and fticked in the doughy Image precious ftones
wedges of gold, and other Jewels. And after all this pomp
ended, no fccular man might touch that holy Image ; no nor
yet come into his Chappel ó nay, fcarcely religious perfons,
except they were Tlumacaztlt, who were Pnefts or Order.
They did renew this Image many times with new dough,
taking away the old. And then ( like again unto the Pa-
pifts who think themfelves happy with their Saints reliques,
¿hough rags or bones ) bkffed was he that could get one
piece of the old rags, or a piece of the old dough for the
which there wasmofteameft fuits made by the Soldiers ;
who thought themfelves fure therewith in the Wars. Alfo
at the confecration of this Idol, a certain veiTel of water was
blefled with many words and ceremonies (perad venture trom
this heathenUh Ceremony came the fuperftitious holy water
to Rome) and that water waspreferved ver$ rdigioufty at the

i i8 rA New Survey Chap. XIL

foot of the Aliar, for to confecrate the King when he ihould
be crowned, and alio to bleis any Captain General, when he
ihould be ek&ed for the Wars, with only giving him a
draught of that water. And as the Romijh Church makes
much of their dead mens skulls and rotten bones, laying
them up in their Church-yards under iome arches made for
that purpofein the Church- walls, even fo was it here in
Mexico •> for without this Temple, and over againft the prin-
cipal door thereof, a ftones caft diitant flood a Chamen
houfe onl^ of dead mens heads, prifoners in Wars and fa-
crificed with the knife. This monument was made like
unto a Theatre, more large than broad, wrought of lime
and ííone, with afcendingftepsj in the walls whereof was
graffed betwixt ftone and ftone a skull with the teeth out-
wards. Ac the foot and head of this Theatre, were two
towers made only of lime and skulls, the teeth outward,
which havingno other fluff in the wall feemed a firange
fight. At and upon tfje top of the Theatre, were three-
fcore and ten poles, ¿tending the one from the other four or
five foot diflant, and each of them was full of ftaves from
the foot to the top. Each of thefe ftaves had others made
faft unto them, and every one of them had five skulls
broched ihrough the temples. When the Spaniard/ firft en-
fredinto Mexico as friends before the death of Montezuma
they vifited all thefe monuments *, and in what they have
written and tranfmitted to poflerity of that City, it is re-
corded of one Andrew de Japia, and Gonzalo dé Vmhrt <a
that one day they did reckon thefe skulls, and found a
hundred thirty and fix thoufand skulls on the poles, ftaves
and fteps. The other Towers were replenished out of num-
ber j and there were men appointed, that when one skull
fell, to fet up another in his place, fo that the number might
never want. But all thefe Towers and idols were pulled
down, and confumed with fire, when the Spaniards wan
that City. And certainly they had been more renowned in
deftroying thofe Altars of the Deviland thofe Idol Gods, if
in their fiead they had not fet up new Idols and Saints of
iocks and ftones, and built unto ihem as many more

Churchet

Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies. \\9

Churches as they found at their coming thither. All there-
fore that hath been mentioned hitherto of Montezuma his
houfes and Gardens, of the fpacious Market-place, and
Temples of that City was utteily deltroyed I and brought
down to the very ground. But Cortez re-edified it again,
A for the fiction and Majcfty but alio forthe name
and great fame thereof. He divided it among the Con-
querours, having nrft taken out places for Churches, Mar-
L ¿laces, Town-houfe and other neceflary pjots to build
houfes, profitable for the Commonwealth He feinted
the dwelling of the Spaniard, from the Indians, to that
now Th w8ater paifethandmaketh divifion betwxitthem.
He promifedtothemthatwerenaturalsoftheCity o Me* -
cplotstobuildupon, inheritance freedom, and other -li-
berties and the like unto all thofe that would come and
inhabit' there, which was a mean s to allure many tm ther
He fetaTfo at liberty Xihuacb, the General Captain, and
made him chief over the Indians in the City, unto Whomhe
^Vawtolcftiecc. He gave likewiie another ftrect tc >Von
Pedro Montezuma who was fon to Montezuma the King.
All this wasdone to win the favour of the people. He made
other Gentlemen Seniors é liflc Wands, and ftrejs
to build upon, and to inhabit, and in this order
the whole fituation was reparten, and the work began
with great joy and diligence. And when the tame was blown
abroad that Mexico ihould be built again, it was a wonder
to fee the people that reforted thither hearing of liberty and
freedom. The numbers was fo great that in tteee m, cs
compafs was nothing but people men and women. 1 he* la-
boured fore and did eat little, by reafon whereof many fick-
ned,and peftilence enfued, whereof died an infinite num-
ber. Their pains was greater they bare on their backs and
drew after them «ones, earth, timber, lime brick, and all
other things neceffary in this forts And by lit tie an d 1 Wk
Mexico wis built again with a hundred thoufrnd houfes
more ftrong and better than the old building was. ihe
Spaniards built their houfes after the Spamjh faihion , and
Cortez buUt his houfe upon the plot where Montezuma his

h

■

12© A New Survey Chap." XII

houfe flood, which renteth now yearly four thousand due
kats,and is called now the Palace of theMarquefsZV^ft
the King of Spain having conferred unto Cortez and hi
heirs this title from the great Valley of Guaxaca. This Pa^
lace is fo (lately that (as I have obferved before y fever
thoufand beams of Cedar Trees were fpent in it They buili
fair. Docks covered over with Arches for the Vergantines
which Docks for a perpetual memory do remain until thi<
day They dammed up the ftreets of water, where now
lair houfes Hand, fo that Mexico is not as it was wont to be
and efpecially lince the year 1634. the water cometh no}
by tar io near the City as it was wont to come. The Lake
fometimes cafleth out a vapour of flench, but otherwife it i<
a wholefom and temperate dwelling, by reafon of the Moun.'
tains that fland round about it, and well provided through
the fertility of the Countrey, and commodity of the Lake
So that now is Mexico one of thegrcateft Cities in the World'
m extention of the fituarion for Spaimfh and Indians houfes'
Not many years after theConquefl it was the Nobkft Citv
in all India as well in Arms as Policy. There were formerly
at the leaft two thoufand Citizens, that had each of them
hishorfe in his liable with rich furniture for them, and Arms
in readinefs. But new fiiice all the Indians far and near are
fubdued and moft of them efpecially about Mexk* confu-
ted, and there is no fear of their rifing up any moreagainít
the Spaniards, all arms are forgotten, and the Spaniards live
io iecure from enemies, that there is neither Ga^e Wall
Bulwark, Platform, Tower, Armory, Ammuniton, or
Ordnance to fecure and defend the City from a Domeflick
orforein enemy; from the latter they think St John de
Vlhua fufficient and flrong enough to fecure them. But for
Confraclationit is one of the richefl Cities in the World ■
to the which by the north-Sea cometh every year from Spain
a Fleet of near twenty fhips laden with the beft Commodi-
ties not only of Spain but of the moft parts of Chriftendom
And by the South-Sea it enjoyeth Trafique fiom all parts of
Feruh and above all it Trades with the Eaji-India's and
from thence received! the Commodities as well from thofe

parts

\\' .]

hap: XII. of the Weft-Indies* Uf

its which are inhabited by Portuguese, as from-the-Coun-
:esof Japan and China, fending every year two great Ca-
cas with two (mailer VeiTels to the Iilands o£ Philippinas,
id having every year a return of fuch like (hips. There is
fo ip Mexico a Mint-houfe -where Money is daily coined i
id is brought thither in wedges upon Mules from the Mines
tiled St. Lewis de Sacatecas, (tending fourfcore Leagues
om Mexico Northward, and yet from Sacatecas forward
jve the Spaniards entred above a hundred Leagues, con-
uering daily Indians, where they difcover ftore of Mines ,
id there they have built a City , called Nova Mexico,
lew Mexico. The Indians there are great Warriors, and
old the Spaniards hard to it. It is thought the Spaniard
/ill npt be fatisfied, till he iubdue all the Country that
/ay, which doubtlefs reacheth to our plantations^ Virginia,
nd the reft, being the fame continued continent land;
Hiere is yet more in Mexico, a fair School, which now is
nade an Univerfity, which the Viceroy Von Antonio de Men-
¿wMcaufed to be built. At the rebuilding of this City
here was a great difference betwixt an Inhabitant oí Mexico
md a Conqueror» for a Conqueror was a name of ho-
lour, and had lands and rents given him and tohispoite-
ity by the King of Spain, and the Inhabitant or only dwel-
ler paid rent for his houfe. And this hath rilled all thofe
parts of America with proud pons and Gentlemen to this
day, for every one will call himfelf a defcendent from a
Conqueror, though he be as poor as Job , and ask him
what is become of his Eftate and fortune, he will anfwer
that fortune hath taken it away, which ihall never take
away a Von from him. Nay a poor Cobler or Cirrier that
runs about the Countrey far and near getting his living with
half a dozen Mules, if he be called Mendoza, or Guzman,
will fwear that he defcended from thofe Dukes houfes in
Spain, and that his Grand-father came from thence to Con-
quer, and fubdued whole Countries to the Crown of Spain9
though now fortune hath frowned upon him, and covered
his rags with a thred-bare Cloak. When Mexico was re-
built, and Judges, Aldermen s Attornies, Town Clerks,

Notaries,

Hi rAKew Survey Chap; X

Notaries, Scavengers, ani Serjeants with all other Offic

neceflary for the Common- weal of a City were appoint!

the fame of Cortez and Majefty of the City was b\o\

abroad into far Provinces, by means whereof it was foon i

pleniíhed with Indians again, and with Spaniards frc

Spain, who foon Conquered above four hundred Leagt

of Land, being all governed by the Princely Seat of Mexl

But fince that firft rebuilding, I may fay it is now rebu

the fecond time by Spaniards, who have confumed raoft

the Indians > fo that now I will not dare to fay there aie

hundred thoufand houfes which foon after the Conqu<

were built up, for moft of them were oí Indians, No

the Indians that live there,live in the fuburbs of the City,ar

their fituation is called Guadalupe, In the year 1 6z 5. whe

I went to thofe parts, this Suburb was judged to contain fi\

thoufand inhabitants \ But fince moft of them have bee

ednftimed by the Spaniards hard ufage and the work of tr

Lake. So that now there may not be above two thoufand Ir

habitants of meer Indians, and a thoufand of fuch as the

call there Mefiizos, who are of a mixt nature of Spaniard

and Indians, for many poor Spaniards marry with India

women, and others that marry them not but hate their huí

bands, find many tricks to convey away an innocent Vria

to enjoy his Batbjheba. The Spaniards daily couzen them 0

the fmall plot of ground where their houfes ftand, and 0

three or bur houfes oí Indians build up one good and fail

houfe after the Spanijh faíhíon with Gardens and Orchards

And fo is almoft all Mexico new built with very fair anc

fpacious houfes with Gardens of recreation. Their building!

are with Hone, and brick very ürong, but not high, by

reafon of the many Earth- quakes, which would indangei

their houfes if they were above three itories high, Theftreets

are very broad, in the narrowed of them three Coaches may

go, and in the broadar fix may go in the breadth of them,

which makes the City feem a great deal bigger than it is. In

my time It was thought to be of between thirty and forty

thoufand inhabitants Spaniards, who are fo proud and rich,

that half rhe City was judged to keep Coaches, foi it was a

moft

XIL o/ífoWeft-Indies.

ap: äiu (yiwwcii-iuuiB. 12}

l credible report that in Mewco in my time there were
ire fifteen thoufand Coaches. It is a by-word that at
sito there are four things fair, that is to fay, the wo-
i the apparel, thehorfes,and the ftreets. But to this I may
the beauty of fome oí the Coaches of the Gentry, which
exceed in coil the be ft of the Court of Madrid and other
ts of Chriftendom; for there they fpare no Silver, rior
Id nor precious ftones, nor Cloih of Gold, nor the be-ft
is from China to enrich them. And to the gallantry of
ir horfes the pride of fome doth add the coft of bridles,
1 ihoes of filvet. The ftreets of Chriftendom muft not
npare with thofe in breadth and cleannefs, but efpecial-
m the riches of the íhops which do adorn them. Above
the Goldfmiths (hops and works are to be admired. The
Mans , and the people of China that have been made
iriftians and every year come thither, have perfected the
aniatds in that Trade. The Viceroy that went thither
e year 1625. caufed a Popinjay to be made of filver,
tld, and precious ftones with the perfe& colours of the Po-
úays feathers, (a bird bigger thanaPheafant) withfuch
;quifite art and peife&ion, to prefent unto the King of
tain, that it was prized to be worth in riches and work-
lanihip half a Million of Duckats. There is in the Cloifter
f the Dominicans a lamp hanging in the Church with
iree hundred branches wrought in filver to hold fo many
Indies, betides an hundred little lamps foroyl fet in it,
yery one being made with feveral workmanihip fo ex-
uifittly, that it is valued tobe worth four hundred fhou-
ind Duckats h and with fuch like curious works are many
treets made more rich and beautiful from the íhops of
joldfmiths. To the by-word touching the beauty of the
vomen I muft add the liberty they enjoy for gaming,which
S fuch that the day and night is too ihort for them to end a
Primera when once it is begun i nay gaming is fo common
to them that they invite Gentlemen to their houfesfor no
other end. To my felf it happened that paffing «long the
ftreets in company with a Frier that came with me that year
From S¡>ain% a Gentlewoman of great birth knowing us to

be

i H rAKem Survey Chap.' ]

be CbamoHS ( fo they call the firft year thofe that comefi
*/m) from her window called unto us, and after twc
three flight queftions concerning Spain, asked us if we wc
come in and play with her a Game at Primera, Both r
and women are exceffive in their apparel, ufing more £
than fluffs and cloth-, precious Stones and Pearls furt
much this their vain oftentation > a hat-band and rofe m;
of Diamonds in a Gentlemans hat is common,and a hat-ba
of Pearls is ordinary in a Tradefman * nay a Blackmore
a"ny.y°ru"g maid and flave will make hard ihift but i
"will be in faihion with her Neckchain and Bracelets of Peai
and her Ear- bobs of fome confiderable Jewels. Theattirc
this bafer fort of people of Blackmoors and Mulatta's fwhi
are of a mixt-nature, of Spaniards and Blackmoors ) is
Iighr, and their carriage fo enticing, that many Spaniar
even of the better fort( who are too too prone to Venery
difdam their Wives for them. Their cloathing is a Pett
coat, ofSilkor Cloath, with many filver or golden Lae<
with a very broad double Ribband of fome light colou
with long filver or golden Tags hanging down before, tl
whole length of their Pettycoat to the ground, and the lil
behind > their Waftcoats made like bodies, with skirts, I;
ccd hKewifc with gold or filver, without fleeves, and
girdle about their body of great price ftuck with Pearls an
knots of Gold, ( if they be any ways well efteemed of
their fleeves aic broad and open at the end, oí Holland c
fine C%wlinnen, wrought fome with coloured fllks, fom
With fills and gold, fome with filk and filver, hanging dowi
aimoft unto the ground i the locks of their heads are cover
ed with fome wrought quoif, and over it another of net
work of iilk bound with a fair illk, or filver or goldes
ribband which croffeth the upper part of their forehead s anc
hath commonly worked out in letters fome light and fool-
iih love pofie . their bare, black and tauny brefts are cover-
ed with bobs hanging from their chains of pearls. And
when they go abroad, ufe a white mantle of lawn or
■cambnek rounded with a broad lace, which fome put over
fhm heads, the breadth reaching only their middle be-

hind3

,ap.XlI. of the Weft-Indies. \t%

a that their girdle and ribbands may be feen, and the
) ends before reaching to the ground almoft i others caft
ir mantles only upon their ihoulders, and fwaggerers like,
the one end over the left ihoulder, that they may the bet-
jog the right arm, and (hew their broacl-fleeVe as ¡they
Ik along', others inftead of this mantle ufe fome rich filk
tvcoat tohangupontheirleftihoulder, while with thei*
ht arm'they fupport the lower part of it, more like roaring
vs than honelt civil maids. Their ihoes are high and of ma-
Coles the outfide whereof of the profaner fort are plated
th a lift of filver, which is faftned with fmall nails of
Dad filver heads. Moft of thcfe are or have been ilaves,
3ugh lovehas fet them loofe at liberty, to enflave fouls to
and Satan. And there are fo many of this kind both
en and women grown to a height of pride and vanity, that
any times the Spaniards have feared they would rife up and
utiny againftthem. And for theloofenefs of their lives,and
iblickfcandals committed by them and the betterfort of the
laniards, I have heard them fay often who have profeffed
ore religion and fear of God, they verily thought God
ould deftroy that City, and give up the Country into the
Dwer of Come other Nation. -

I will not relate particulars of their oblccne and tcandalous,
ea and publick carriages which would offend my Readers
atience, and make his ears to tingle \ only I fay, certainly
Jod is offended with that fecond Sodom, whofe inhabitants
lough now they be like the green bay tree flouriihing with
;wels, pearls, gold, filver, and all wordly pleafures-,
rhey fbaVfoon be cm down lik$ the grafs, and wither as the
reen herb, PfaL 37. 2. And though their great Matter
ind Cardinal Beüarmine make outward happinefs and
louriihing a mark and note of a tiue Church and Congre-
>ation of Gods Peoples and of my felf I could fay with
David in the 7 ;. PfaL 2, 3. when I lived blindly amongll
;hem, My feet were almoji gone, my feet had well-nigh
lipt\ for I was envious at the foolifh, when I faw the pro-
perty of the wicked; yet now being enlightned in a more
Cure and certain truth, I w#! conclude oí them, as David

of

lié

A New Survey Chap.

of the flouring wicked men of his time in the fame P/

the 16, 17, V8. Verfcs, When I thought to ¿™ä

was too painful for me till I mm into tU Sancluan

&M, then underload I their end. Surely thou didd fee t

mflippery places i thou callefi them down to deftmUion X

I doubt not but the flourifhing of Mexico m coaches, h

fes ftreet?, women, and apparel is very ilippery, and i

make thofe proud inhabitants ñip and fall into the poi

and dominion of fome other Prince of this world a

hereafter in the world to come, into the powerful hands

«n angry Judge, who is the King of Kings and Lord

Lords, which i Paul faith ffeb. lo. 3r. is a fearful thi,

For this City doth not only flourifh in the ways aforefa

but alio in their fuperftitious worihipping of God and Sak

they exceed Korne it felf, and all other places of Chriftc

dotó. And it is a thing which I have very much a

carefully obferved m all my travels both in Europe ai

America, that in thofe Cities wherein there is moft lev

Iicentioufnefs of life , there is alfo moft coft in the Tempi

and moft publick fuperftitious woííhipping of God and

the Saint?.

ItfeemsthatReligionteacheththat all wickednefs isa

lowahle, fo the Churches and Clergy flouriíh i nay while t\

purfe is open to lafcivioufnefs, if it be likewife opened to ei

rich the temple walls and roofs, this is better than any the

holy water to waih away the .filth of the other. Ron

is held to be head of fuperfiitiom and what iiate

Churches, Chappel?, and Cloiiiers are in it f what faf

ings whatproceffions, what appearances of devotion > an

on the other fide, what liberty, what profanenefs, whi

whoredoms, nay what fins oí Sodom are committed in it

Infcmuch thai it could be the faying of a Frier to my fe,

while I was in % that he verily thought there was no on

City in the wuild wherein were more Atheiils than in Kami

I might (hew this truth in Madrid, Sevil, Valadolid, am

other famous Cities in Spain, and in Italy, in Millan,Genffl

and Naples, relating many inftances of (candáis committee

«i thofe places, and yet the Temples mightily enriched b]

fuel

lap. XII. of the Weft-Indies, 12/

1 who have thought thofe alms a fufficient warrant to free
m from Hell and Purgatory. But I muft return to
xice which is tnille ufies of this truth, fin and wickednefs
mnding in it > and yet no fuch people in the world to-
rd the Church and Clergy, who in their life time ftrive
exceed one another in their gifts to the Cloifters of Nuns

I Friers, fome erecting Altars to their beft devoted
nts, worth many thoufand thouiand duckats, others pre-
ting crowns of gold to the pictures of Mary, others
ips, others golden chains, others building Cloifters at
ir own charge, others repairing them, others at their
ith leaving to them two or three thoufand duckats for an
mal ftipend. Among thefe great Benefactors to the
lurches of that City I ihould wrong my Hiftory if I fhould
get one that lived in my time, called Alonfo CueHar, who
s reported to have a Clofet in his houfe laid with bars of
Id inftead of bricks j though indeed it was not fo, but
ly reported for his abundant riches and flore of bars of
Id which he had in onecheft ftanding io a clofet diftant
>m another, where he had a cheft full of wedges of fit-
r. This man alone built a Nunnery of Fr anrifcan Nuns9
rich flood him in above thirty thoufand duckats, and left
ito it for the maintenance of the Nuns two thoufnd duc-
ts yearly, with obligation of fome Maffes.. to be faid in the
¡lurch every year for his foul after his deceafe. And yet
is mans life was io fcandalous, that commouly in the night
ith two fervants he would round the City, vifiting fuch
indalous perfons whofe attire before hath been defcribed,
trying his beads in his hands, and at every houfe letting

II a bead, and tying a falfe knot, that when he came
)me in the morning towards break of the day he might
jmber by his beads the uncivil nations he had walked and
fited that night. But thefe his works of darknefs came to
>ht, and were publiihediar and near for what happened
nto him whilft Í was in Mexico j for one night meeting
i one of his flations with a Gentleman that was jealous oí
im, fwordson both fides were drawn, the Concubine fiiii
as ftabbed by the Gentleman who was better manned and

attended %

itS

■bwuMSOM
'¿NewSurvéf Chap, XI

attended-, and C«e^r (who was but a Merchant) w
mortally wounded and left for dead, though afterwarc
he recovered. Great Alms and liberality towards Reiigioi
Houfes in that City commonly are coupled with great an
feandalous wickednefs. They wallow in the bed of rich
and wealth, and make their Alms the Coverlet to cover the
looie and lafcivious lives. From hence are the Churches Í
fairly built and adorned, There are not above fifi
Churches and Chappels,C!oiaer5 and Nunneries, and Pa
nib Churches in that City i butthofe thit are there are 1
faireft that ever my eyes beheld, the roofs and beams beta
in many of them all daubed with gold, and many Altai
with fundry marble pillars, and others with Brafil wooc
flays (landing one above another with Tabernacles for fe
vera! Saints richly wrought with golden colours, fo tha
twenty thouland Duckats is a common price of many o
them. Thefe caufe admiración in the common fort of peo
pie, and admiration brings on daily adoration in them ti
thoie glorious fpedhcles and images of Saints i fo Satan fliew
Chnft all the glory of the Kingdoms to entice him to admi
ration, and then All thefe things wiU I give thee, if thou ml
fall down and ttorfhip me, Mat, 4. 8, p. The Devil will give
a{! the wosld to be adored.

Befides thefe beautiful buildings, the inward riches be-
longing to the Altars are infinite in price and value, fuch as
Copes, Canopies, Hangings, Altar-cloths, Candlefticks,
Jewels belonging to the Saines, and crowns of gold andfiU
ver, and Tabernacles of gold and Cryihl to carry about
their Sacrament in Proceilion, all which would mount to
the worth of a reafonable Mine cffilver, and would be a
rich prey for any nation that could make better ufe oí
wealth and riches. 1 will not fpeak much of the lives of the
Friers ana Nuns of that City, but only that there they enjoy
more liberty than in the parts of Europe ( where yet they
have too much ) and that furcly the fcandals committed by
them do cry up to heaven for vengeance, judgment and de-
{Iru&ion.

k in my time in the Gloiftei of the Mercenarmri Friers

which

¡hap. XII. of the Weft-Indiesi 1 2 jji

hich is entitled for the Redemption of Captives, there
tanced to be an ele&ion of a Provincial to rule over them,
the which all the Priors and heads of the Cloifters about
«country hadreforted, andfuch was their various and
aious difference ; that upon the luddam all the Con»
>nt was in an uproar, their Canonical eleäion was tur-
»d to mutiny and ftrife, knives were drawn, many
ounded, the fcandal and danger of murther logrear,
iat t'ac Viceroy was fain to interpofe his authority and
, fit amongft them and guard the Closer until their
rovincial was ek&ed. it is ordinary for the Fryers to
¡fit their devoted Nuns , and to fpend whole days with
lem, hearing their mufick, feeding on their fwect-meats,
id for this purpofe they have many chambers which they
»11 Loauutorios, to talk in, with wooden bars between
ie Nuns and them, and in thefe chambers are tables tor
ie Fryers to dine at i and while they dine, the Nuns re-
reate them with their voices. Gentlemen and Citizens
ive their daughters to be brought up in thefe Nunneries,
^herethev are taught to make all forts of Conferves and
referves,' all forts of mufick, which is fo exepfite in that
Mty, that I dare be bold to fay- that the people are drawn
0 their Churches more for the delight oí the mufick, thais
ot any delight in the fervice of God. More, they teach thefe
oung children to a& like players, and to entice the people
0 their Churches, make thefe children to act fliort dia-
opues in their Quires, richly attiring them with mens and
yomens apparel, cfpccially, upon Midfummer-day, and the
teht days before their Ghrinmas, which is fo gallantly
¿formed, that many fa&ious ftrifes, and hngle com. ;
Its have been, and fome were in my time, for defending
vhich of thefe Nunneries moft excelled in mufick, and in
he training up Of children.. No delights are wanting in
hat City abroad in the world, nor in their Churcnes,
vhich fhould be thehoufeofGod, and the fouls, not the
en fes delight. .

The chief place in the City is the Market-place, which
■hoiteh it be not as ípacious as in Mmttzwn* his time,

& . & Ft

i.$o J New Survey Chap- XI

yet is at this day very fair and wide, built all with Archi
on the one .fide, where people may walk dry in timet
rain, and there are (hops of Merchants furniihed with a
torts of ftufFs and filks, and before them fit women k\\w
all manner of fruits and herbs i over againft thefe ihoi
and Arches is the Viceroy his Palace, which taketh u
almoft the whole length of the market with the walls c
the houfe and of the gardens belonging to it. At the en
of the Viceroy his Palace, is the chief Prifon which is ftron
of fame work. Next to this is the beautiful ftreet calle
la Tirria or Goldfmiths flreet, where a mans eye ma
behold in lets than an hour many millions worth of 20k
Iilver, pearls and jewels. The flrectofSt. Aufim is tk
and comely, where live all that trade in fííks i but one c
the longeft and broaden fireets is the fireet called Tooth
where almoft all the (hops are of Ironmongers, and c
fuch as deal in brafs and fteel, which is joyning to thol
Arches whereon the water is conveyed into the City, an.
is fo eaded for that it is the way cut of the City to a Tow
ca.led lacubai and this ftreetis mentioned far and neai
not to much for the length and breadth of it, as for
imall commodity of needles which are made there an
for proof are the ben of all thofe parts. For ftately building
the ftreet called del Aquila, the fireet of the eagle ex
ceeds the reft, where live Gentlemen, and Courtier
and Judges belonging to the Chancery, and is the palac
oí the Marquefs del Falle from the line of Ferdinand
Cortez; this iireec is fo called from an old Idol an Eagl
-oí ftone which from the conqueft lieth in a corner of tha
fireet, and is twice fo big as London-ftone. The gallant
of this City (hew ihemfelvcs daily fome on horfe-bacfc
and moil in coaches about four of the clock in the after
noon -in a plcafant (Lady field, called la Alameda, full 0
trees and walks, fomewhat like unto aw' More-fields
wnere do meet as conftantly as (he Merchants upon ou
Exchange about two thoufand Coaches, full of Gallant*
Ladies, and Citizens, to fee and tobefeen, to court anc
to be courted, the Gentlemen having their train of Black

moo.

Chap. XII. of the Weft -Indies; i J i

moot llaves feme a dozen, fome half a dozen, waiting on
them, in brave and gallant Liveries heavy with gold and
Giver lace, with filk fioekíngs on their black legs, and ro-
pes on their feet, and '(Words by their fides-, the Ladies
alfo carry their train by their Coaches fide of inch jet-
like Damfels as before have been mentioned for their light
apparel, who with their bravery and white mantles over
them feem to be, as the Spaniard ^ faith, mojea en leche, a
flie in milk. Bat the train of the Viceroy who often gueth
io this place is wonderful ftately, which fome íay is as
great as the train of his Maftcr the King of Spain. At this
meeting are carryed about many forts of fweet-meats and
papers of comfits to be fold, for to relima cup of coo!
water, which is cried about in curious glaffcsio cool the
blood of thofe love-hot Gallants. But many times theie
their meetings fweetned with conferves and comfitshave
four fauce at the end, for jeaJoufie will not fufrer a
Lady tobe courted, no nor fomedmes to be ipoken to,
but puts fury into the violent hand to draw afwordor
daeeer and to nab or murther whom he was jealous or¿
and when one (word is drawn thoufands are presently
drawn, fome to right the party wounded or mu r there id 5
others "to defend the party murthering, whole friends wtil
not permit him tobe apprehended, but will guard him
with drawn f words untill they have conveyed him to the.
Sanduary of fome Church, from whence the Viceroy \m
power is not able to take him for a legal tiyal. <■ .

Many of thefe fudden skirmiOies happened whilft I
lived about Mexico h of which Gift a whole volume might
be compiled, but that by other Authors much hath been
written, and I delire not to till my Hiüory witn trifles,
but only with what is moil remarkable in rr. 1 may not
omit yet, from the fituation of it upon a lake^ to tell tfUK
certainly the water hath its paflage under all theitteets of
it J for toward the ftreet of St. Anliin, and. the lower part*
of the City, 1 can confidently aver that in my time, before
the removing -of the Lake thofe thai died were rather
drowned than buried, for ä grave could nptbe digged witr*

K-2 *rt

%i J New Survey Cha£; XII

an ordinary graves depth, but they met with water, an<
I was eye-witnefs of many thus buried, whofe coffin
were covered with water. And this is fo apparent that ha<
not the Cloifter of the Auguftines often been repaired an<
almoft rebuilt, it had quite funk by this. In my time i
was a repairing, and 1 fa w the old pillars had funk ver
low, upon the which they were then laying new founds
tions, and I was credibly informed that that was the thin
time that new pillars had been ere&ed upon the old whicl
were quite funk away. This City hath but three way
to come unto it by Caufey i the one is from the Weft, an(
that Caufey is a mile and a half long. Another from th
North, and containeth three miles in length. Eaftwan
the City hath no entry •, but Southward the Ciufey is fivi
miles long, which was the way that Cortez entred into it
when he conquered it.

The fruit called Nucbtli ( whereof I have fpoken before
and fome fay this City was called Tenuchtlitan from it
though it be in moft parts of America, yea and now it
Spain, yet in no place there is more abundance of if thai
in Mexico, and it is abfoljutely one of the beft fruits in it
It is like unto the Fig, and fo hath many little kernel;
or grains within, but they are fomewhat larger, anc
crowned like unto a Medler. There are of them of fundri
colours, fome are green without, and carnation-like with
in, which have a good tafte. Others are yellow, an<
others white, and tome fpeckied •> the beft fort are th<
white» it is a fruit will laft long. Some of them tail
of Pears, and other form of Grapes. It is a cold and í
freíh fruit and beft efteemed in the heat of Summer. Thi
Spaniards do more efteem them than the Indians. Th<
more the ground is laboured where they grow, the frui
is fo much the better. There is yet another kind of tfai
fruit red, and that is nothing fo much efteemed, althougl
hi? tafte is not evil i but becaufe it doth colour and die thi
eaters mouth, lips and apparel, yea and maketh the Urini
look like pure blood. M my Spaniards at their firft coming
mío Indh, and eating this fruit, were amazed and x

thei:

XIL of the Weft-Indies.

:hap. XIL of the Welt-indies. ij;

leir wits end, thinking that all the blood in their bodies
ame out into Urine v yea and many Phyfitians at their nrft
oming were of the fame belief. And it hath happened
rhen they have been fent for unto iuch as have eaten
lis fruit, they not knowing the caufe, and beholding the
Irme by and by they have adminiftred medicines to
launch blood-, a thing to laugh at, to fee Phyfitians fo
leceived. The skin of the outfide is thick and full of little
nail prickles, and when it is cut downright with one c|t

0 the kernels, with one finger you may uncieave the
rtiole skin round about without breaking it, and take
¡at the fruit to eat. The Spaniards ufe to jeft with ftran-
ers, taking half a dozen of them, and rubbing them in a
lapkin, thofe fmall prickles which can fcarce be feen or
>erceived ftick invifibly unto the napkin, wherewith a
nan wiping his mouth to drink, thofe little prickks flick
n his lips fo that they feem tofow them up together, and
nake him for a while faulterinhisfpe<ch, till with much
ubbing and waihing they come off. There is another fruit
wice of the bigneis of a great Warden, which they call
he growing Manjer Blanco, or white meat, which is a
lainty di(h made by them with the white of a Capon,
^ream, and Rice, and Sugar and fweet-meats, much like
into the which tafteth this fruir. It is as fweet as any hony,
md diffolves l'ke melted fnow in the mouth into a juyce
noft lufcious i within, it is full of hard black kernels or
fiones, which being cracked are bitter, and thefc not joyned
together, but by divifion one from another, each one ha-
ving a bag, or little skin difcerning them in their ranks
md orders, fo that when you cut this fruit in the middle
it reprefents a Chequer-board with black and whttev the
white is fuckt or eaten and the kernels thrown away. But

1 cannot forget that whbh they call Pinta, or Pine-apple i
not the Pine-apple of the a igh Pine-tree, but a Pine-apple,
that groweth upon a lower (hrub with prickly leaves, and
is bigger than our biggeft Muskmelons in England, when
it is ripe-, it is yellow without and within » without it is
full of little bunches, and within fo juicy and cool that

K % nothing

i|4 J New Survey Chap. XII.

nothing more dangerous than to eat much of it. Before they
eat it, they cut it in round flices, and hy it a while in
fait and water, and fo being fcoured half an hour in that
fafc and water, which taketh much of the ra^nefs and coSd-
nefs from it„ and then putting it into diihes with more frelh
water they eat it thus. But the better way of eating it, is
preferred, which is abfulutely the beft preferve in all that
Country. There is alfo the Grape, ( though they make not
wine of it J the Apple, the Pear, the Quince, the Peach, the
Apricock, the Pomegranate, the MusKmelon, the Planein,
the Fig, the Walnut, the Chefnut, the Orange, the Le-
mon both four and {wzet^ the Citron in great abundance,,
fVfbft oí the fruits of Europe, and as many more which.
Europe never knew. About Mexico more than in. any o-
thcr pa?t groweth that excellent tree called Met I , which
thev p'ant and drefs as they do their Vines in Europe. It
hath near forty kinds of leaves, which ferve for many ufes i
for when they be" tender they make of them Conferves,
Paper, Flax, Mantles, Mats, Shooes,Gird'Ics, and Cordage.
On thefe [eaves grow certain prickles fo ftrong and (harp
thai they ufe them iníkad of faws : from the root of this
free cometh a juyce like to fyrup, which beingfod will
Become Sugar. You may alfo make of it Wine and Vinegar.
The Indians often become drunk with it. The rine roiled
bealcih hurts and fores, and from the top boughs iííueth a
Gum, which is an excellent antidote againfi poyfon. There
iv noticing in Mexico and about it waning which may make
a City happy, and certainly had thofe that have fomuch
CKt-plled With their pens the parts oí Granada in Spain> Lam-
hardy and Florence m Italy, making them the earthly Para-
crine, had they been acquainted with the new World and
With Mexico they would have recanted their untruths.

Q that the Lord were truly worshipped where he hath
poured forth the treafiues'of his goodnefs for the children
oí mea! O that in thai Eden, the tempting and enticing
Serpent were not fo much obeyed in the ufe of the fair
feeming apple of pleafures,- and the Lord that harh en-
riched ii with fuch vaiieties fo much neglected ! How long,

O

:hap. XII. . o/ tk Weft-Indies. 135

• Lord God how long (hall the line oí the wicked flou-
Í and the beft portion be fain to Idolaters and to «he

feraf Sí feat of an Archbiihop, and of .Vice
iy! who olmonly is fome great Nobkman , of Spa,
,hofe power is to make Laws and Ordinances, to pvi.
Sons and determine controve.h. , unlefs ,t be to inch
reat caufes which are thought tit to be referred to the
ounc of %i«. And though their be about the C ountty

any Governments withfeveral Governors, ye they ate
Inordinate to this Viceroy, and Aereare at leaft four
undred leagues of land all governed by the pnncely Seat
(SSL ; moft of the Governors about the Country bang
he Viceroy's Creatures, placed by him, do contribute gr at
Vfts and bribes for their preferment ; to l.kewde do all he

ft whofe right or wrong proceedings depend upon he
/icetoy his clemency and mercy in judging the daily ap-
,eaU of Juftice which come unto him. The King of Spam
.llows him out of his Exchequer yearly a huudred thoufand
luckats whilft he governs í his time being but five years.
tat commonly with their bribesto the Courtiers of Sfaw
ind to the Counfellors for the Eftate of the India /, they
»et a prorogation of five years more, and fometimes or ten.
his incredible to think what this Viceroy may get a year
n that place, befides his hundred thoufand duckats ot rent,
fhebeamancovetousandgiven to trading, ( as moft ot
them are ) for then they will be Matters of what commodi-
ties they pleafe, and none elfe (hall deal in tnem,but thern-
felves; as did &c Marquis oiSerralvo in my time who
was the beft Monopolift of fait that ever thole parts knew.
This man was thought to get a Million a year, what with
gifts and prefents, what with his Trading to Sp*w and
miinims. He governed ten years, and in this time he
font to the King of Spain a tofkjty worth half a Mihon,
and in one year more he fent the worth of a Million to the
Count of Olivares, and other Courtiers to obtain a proro-
gation for five years more. Befides the Viceroy there arc
commonly fix Judges and a Kings Attorney, who are^U

"\\ o J New Survey Chap. Xi

lowed out of the Kings Exchequer yearly twelve thoufar
duckats a prece rent, bcfides two Álcalis de <¿» « hí
ItT 7h0"ith^ Viceroy judge al! Chance y and
™«-. B« **í though united together they %

af fol he ,CJ'0y '" Vrhwfa] and «"¡«"¡fiable ¿£
as fomehave done, and have fmarted fork, yetcommo
y they dare not. So that he doth whathelLh"
is enough for h«m to fay, Sm pro ration mbm* Th
power, oyned with covetouinefs in the Vicroy, a, d thr,
fcorethouiand duckats yearly, joyned with pride in tl
Archbifoop, was like to be the ruin of thafchy n
year ,624. Then was «he Count of Gete/ Viceroy a„
V*n Alono ^ Zcrna Archbiilrop, whofe two power's ",
vtng and ftnkmgat one another like two flints, had almo
brought to combullion that gallant City, and did fe™
hre the V,ceroy>s Palace, and the Prifon jóyning toit

The ftory was thus, which may be profitable for othe
Nanons, to beware of co.etous Governors and proud Pr
ktes; and therefore I thought tit to iniert ¡there. Th
Count of Gelves was in fome things one ofthebert Vice
roys and Governors that ever the Court of S?*i»&mt
Amwa, tor he was called by the Spaniard,, El urribl
MmmyA fmgo de Ladiom,, that is, terrible for Tuftic
and fee to conlume all Thieves. For he cleared all the hi
ways of Thieves, hanging them as often as they were caueh
without mercy, and did fend out Troops-and Officers t
apprehend them, fo that it was generally reported th
fance the congueft unto rhofe daysV his fherehad r,
been fo many Th.eves and Malefadors hanged up as in h
«me. So In all other points of julticehe was fevereand
upright. But yet eombufnefs did fo blind him not to fie his
own .njulhce that before hecould fee it, he had brough
the City of MeX,co and the whole Kingdom to a dangef 0
rebelhon. Whathe would not to 6e leen in himfeff he
«Sed by others ins m/tuments. And one of.them wa 'one
Von Pedro Mex,a, a mighty rich Gentleman of Mexico
whom hechoie to joyn with him in monopolizl^hhe
hdm Ma.z? and Wheat about the Country, »11 ,y*

Afewn

o/ ffre Weft-Indie* í?7

bap. XIL

m oí the &£*» brought at the price he lift their Maíz
i the Wheat of the Spaniards he bought it according to
it price at which it is taxed by the kw of that land to be
i at in time of famine i which is at fourteen Rials a
ihel, (which is not much there confidering the abun-
nee of gold and illver ) at which price the tarmer and
Xandmen knowing it to be a plentiful year, were glad
d willing to fell unto him their wheat, not knowing
hat the índwouldbe, ^<fk^%
horn they knew tobe the Viceroys Favonte. Thus Von
ednMexl filled all his barns which he had rnred about
e Country, and himfdf and the Viceroy became owners
fall me wheat. He had his officers appointed to bung it
to the Markets upon his warning and that was when
xnc fmall remnants that had efcaped his fingers were foW
nd the price rated. Then hoifed he his price and doubled
I above what it had coil him. The poor begafi to complain,
he rich to murmur, the tax of the law was moved in the
^ourt of Chancery before the Viceroy. But hebeing privy to
he Monopoly expounded the law to be underftood in time
>f famine, and that he was informed, that it was a plentiful
.ear as ever had been, and that to his knowledge there
wis as much brought into the Markets as ever had been,
and plenty enough for Mexico and all the Countrey. Thus
was the law flighted, the rich mocked, the poor opprefied,
and none fold wheat but Von Pedro Mexiahis ofocers tor
himfelfand the Viceroy. When Juftice would be no iatner,
the people go to their mother the Church i and having
underftood the bufinefs better, and that it was Von Pedro
Mexia, who did tyrannize and opprefs them with the
Viceroy his favour, they intreat the Archbilhop to make
it a cafe of Confcience, and to reduce it to a Church cen-
fure Don Alon[o de Zerna the Archbiihop, who had
always ftomached Don Pedro Mexiaznd the Viceroy, to
pleafe the people, grasted to them to excommunicate Von
gedro Mexia, and fo lent out bills of excommunication to
be fixed upon all the Church doors againft Von Pedro ; who
not regardingthe excommunication, and keeping dole at

home

?$t A New Survey Chap X

!hTitaw //I!/diÍngthÍS Wheat' ^higher the pr
than it was before-, the Arehbiinop raifed his cení
higher againii fe, adding t0 it a aílof crfa 2
thstis a ceíTatjon from all divine ferviee. This Ceniu
fo great wlth them, that it is never ufed but for íome Z
.«ins fake, who is contumacious and ftubborn in his wa
cent nning the power of the Church. Then area)! t

SStf í 5" UP' rkt the GiCy be nevcrfogW
no Maffcs arc did, no prayers ufed, no preaching perm
ed, no meeting, allowed for any publkk devotion^™
ling upon Goa. Their Church mourns as it were an
makes no (hew of fpiritual joy and comfort Sn
communion of prayers one with another, fo long as th
party continues iiubborn and rebellious in his fin an,
feudal, and in not yielding to the Churches cenfure. An.
further whereas by this ceiTation ä diviw, many Churche
and efpecially Cloi iters fuffer in the means of their live)
hood who live upon what is dayly. given for theMaffe
they fay, and in a Cloifter where thirty or forty Priefts fit
Mafs, fo many pieces of Eight or Crowns in Mexico dc
dayly come in-, therefore this cenfure or ceffath a divine i<
fo mfUdcd upon the whole Church ( all fuffering for it as
they lay in ípintual, and forne in temporal ways ) that
tne party offending or Vandalizing, for whofe fake this
curie is laid upon al!, is bound to fatisfie all Priefts and
Cloiiters which in the way aforefaid fuffer, and to allow
mm io much out of his means, as they might have dayly
got by felling away their Maffes for fo many crowns for
tneir dayly livelihood. To this would the Archbiihop have
brought Don Tedro Mexia, tohaveempnedout of his purfe
pear a thcufand aowns dayly, towards the maintenance of
about a thoufand Priefts ( fo many there may be in Mexico )
who from the Altar fell away their bread-God to fatisfie
with bread and food their hungry ftomachs. And fecondly
by the peoples furfersngin their fpiritual comfort, and non-
communion of prayers and idolatrous worihip,he thought
to m.keP^Pe^ Melodious to the People. Don Tedro
perceiving (he fpitcfui intents of the Archbiihop, and

hearing

ap. XII. 0/, fee Weft-Indies. #|?

.¡„g the outcries of the people in the ftreets againft him,
heir cries for the ufe and liberty of their Churches, fe.
|y retired himfelf to the Palace of the Viceroy begging
flvour and protenion, for whole fake he fuffered The
ero» immediatly fent out his O.ders commanding the
of excommunication and *#«* admito bepu led
n the Church doors, and to all the Superiors of Clo-
, ,o fet open their Churches, and to celebrate their fer-
e and Maffes as formerly they had done. But «US|
beytg the Viceroy through blind obedience to therr
:hbiihop, the Viceroy commanded the ***l»*e«
•okehiscenfures. But his aniwer was <hat wnat he had
ochad been juftly done againft a pubbck offender and
M oppreffor of the poor, whole cries had moved him
commiferate their fufTering condition, and that the offen-
rsTontemptof his fitft excommunication had. deferved
e «tour otthefecondcenfaw ; neither of the whicn he
auhfnoi could revoke until Don id<o Ato had iub-
tted himfelf to the Church and tc , apubhkablolunon,
d had fatished the Priefts and CWfters who fufoed tor
m, and had difclaimed that unlawful and unconfclonabte
[orlopoly, wherewith he wronged the whole Common-
wealth, and elpeciatly the poorer fort therein.
Thus did that proud Prelate arrogantly in terms ex.lt
imfelf againft the authority of his Prince and Ruler, con-
ning his command with a flat denial, thinking himfelf
appy in imitating Ambrofe his Ipiilt agamft the f-tnperour
■¿Mm, trufting in the power of his keys ; and ,n the
trengthofhis Church and Clergy which with the rebel-
ion of the meaner fort he refolved to oppofe againft the
,ower and ftrength of his Magiftrate. The Viceroy not
.rooking this fawcy aniwer from a Prkft, commanoed him
arcfentl? to be apprehended and to be guarded to St Jen
ü Vlbu, and there to be (hipped for Spam, The
A.chbiihop having notice of this the Viceroy his «folia-
tion retired himfelf oat oí Mexico to Cmdalupe, with many
of his Prieils and Prebends leaving a bill of Excommuni-
cation upon the Chwch\d00!s againft the Viceroy himfelt.

,»4© A Kew Survey chap. 5

J" «he garden, to ft!, backwards a" Sel em t
laymg hands upon him. The' Officers omnSl

«he notation of what orders they brought unto Mm ,n
the K,ngs name To whom the Archbilop ep L "ha^
Whereas their Maflerthe Vieero» was excommunicated Í
looked upon him as one out of the pale ofTe ¿Zcb , .ií

r°he hWo" r0f ry/°Tr0r aU'h°^ «t"
the houfe of God and fo required them as their tendered
the good of their fouls to depart peaceably /r,^
infringe the privi.cdges and immunity Ä fe
exercihnginitany legal an of fecular power and fe£
mand ;and that he would noteo out nf fhVr£ u ??'

whom

iap.XH. */ffo Weft-Indies. • mí

Dtn bv further order he ihould he diretfed, there to be
,ped for SPaB as a Traitor to the Kings crown a
abler of the common peace, and m thor and mover o; f fe-
lon in the Common- wealth. The Arch-biihop fmihng
)n tiroU anfwered him i Thy maikr ufeth too high
ms and words, which do better agree unto rnmfelf i
I know no mutiny or fedition like to trouble the
>mmon-wealth, unlcfs it be by his and Do» Tedro Mm.
; oppreffing of the poor. And as for thy guarding me
StJobn de Vlhm\\ conjure thee by Jefus Ctoift whom
ou knoweft I hold in my hands not to ufe here any
riencein Gods houfe, from whofe Altar I am refolvcd
,t to depart i take heed God puniih thee not as he did
¿hm¿ for ftretching forflvhis hand at the Altar agaioft
ie Prophet, let his withered hand remind thee ot thy
jtv. But ¿troll fuiFered him not to fquander away the
me and travel it out with further preaching, but called to
ie Altar a Prieft, whom he had brought for that purpole,
nd commanded him in the Kings name to take the Sacra-
lent out of the Arch-biíhops hand •, which the Prieft doing,
iie Arch-biihop unvefted himfelf of his Pontificals, and
though with many repetitions of the Churches immunity )
¡elded himfelf unto rfnft and taking his leave of all his
abends, requiring them tobe witness of what had been
lone, he went prifoner to St. John deVlbua, where he
ms delivered to the cuftody of the Governour of the
Daftle, and not many days after was fent in a Oup prepa-
red for that purpofe to Spain to the King and Council with
i full charge of all his carriages and mifdemeanours. Some
dí the City of Mexico in private began to talk flrangely
againg the Viceroy, and to ftomach the baniihment of their
Arch-biihop, becaufe he had flood out againil fo higha
power in defence of the poor and oppreffed, and thefe theif
private grudges they foon vented inpublick with bold and
arrogant fpeeches againft Don Pedro Mexia, and the Vice-
roy, being fet on and incouraged by the Priefts and Pre-
bends, who it feems had fworn blind obedience to theic
Arch- Prelate, and therewith thought they could difpenfe

with

14* 4 New Survey Cháb. X

with their confciences in their obedience and duty to th

Magiftrate. Thus did thofe Incendiaries for a fornif

together blow the fire offedhion and rebellion, efpecia

amongft die inferiour fort of people and the Criolians

native Spaniards, and the Indians and Mulatto's, w

they knew brooked not the fevere and rigorous juftice a

judgment of the Viceroy, no nor any Government tí

was appointed over them from Spain ; until at the fo

nights end, jiroB returned from St. John de Vlbua ; ai

then began the fpite and malice of all the malecontents

break out, then began a fire of mutiny tobe kindled, whi

was thought would have confumed and buried in aft

tnat great and famous City. fina was not a little jealo

of what milchief the common rabble intended againit hh

and fo kept clofev not daring to walk the ftrcets i yet r

occafions inviting him to the Viceroy his Palace, ventun

himfelf in a Coach with drawn curtains, which yet cou

not blind the eyes of the fpightful. and malicious mal

contents, who had notice that he was in the Coach, ar

before he could get to the Market place, three or four 'bo

began to cry out Judas, Judas, alia va Jadas, there goei

Judas, that laid his hands upon Ghrifts Vicar •, others }oync

with them faying, ahorquemos a efle Judas Jet m hang t

this Judas h the number of boys yet increafed, crying alou

and boldly after the Coach, Mutt a elVellacodefcomulgac

la muerte de Judas, muera el picaro, muera el peno, let th

excummunicated rogue and dog die the death of Judas

the Coachman laihed the mules, the Coach polled, th

boys hailed after with üones and dirt, the number increi

led fo, that before Ttroti could get through two ftóeets onh

there were rifen above two hundred boyes, of Spaniard

Indians Blac\-moors, Mulatto's. With much ado firoll gc

to the Viceroy his Palace, pofting for his life, and hishr

cure was to wiih the Porters to fhut all the Palace gates

torhe was fearful of what prefently happened, of a mor

peñera! ¿níurre&ion and uproar. For no looner was he go

iwo the Viceroy his houte, and the gates fhut up, but ther

wsre gathered so the Market place ( m I was credibly ii

of the Weft-Indies. "145

up. XII.

mea by thofc thatfawand obferved diligently that days
uble ) above two thoufand people, all of inferiour rank
J quality i and yet the number Mil increased till they
reiudeedtobeaboutfixor feven thoufand. They all
red out for 7iroü the Judas, fearing neither ftonesnor
t which they did fling at the Palace windows,
The Viceroy fcot a meffage to them defiring them to be
iet and to betake themielves to their houies, certifying
em that Tmll was not in his palace, but eicapedoul : of
back door The rude multitude would not be iaiisned
ith this, being now feton by two or three Prienswho
ereioyned with them, and fo they began more violently
, batter the Palace gates and walls, having brought pikes
id halberds, and long poles; others had got a few Piftols
id birdine; Pieces, wherewith they foot, not caring whom
ley killed or wounded in the Palace. It was wonderful
3 fee that none of the better fort, none of the Judges, no
iph Tuftice, no inferiour officers durft or wo»ld come out
ofuppreis the multitude, or to affift the Viceroy being in
0 great danger-, nay I was told by fome fhopkeepers who
ived in the market-place, that they made a laughing
juGncfs of it, and the people that paiTed by went fouling
md faying, Let the boys and youngfters alone, they will
right our wrongs, they will rind out before they have
done, both TiroU and Mexta and him that proteos them,
meaning the Viceroy i but amongft them was much noted
one Prielt,name Salazar, who fpentmuch (hot and bullets,
and more his fpirits in runing about to fpie fome place
of advantage, which he might fooner batter down. They
found it feems the Prifon-doors eaiier to open, or elfe with
help within they opened them, and let cut all the male-
factors, who joyned with them to affault the Palace. The
Viceroy feeing no help came to him from the City, from
his friends, from the Judges of the Chancery, from the
Kings high Juftices, nor other officers foe the peace,
went up to the Zones of his P-lace with his Guard and
Servants that attended on hite and fet up the Royal
Standard, and caufed a Trun pes W be founded to call the

City

M4 4! New Survey Chap. X

City to aidandaffift their King. But this prevailed n

none flirted all the chief of the City kept within doc

And when the multitude faw the Royal Standard out a

fccard the Kings name from the Zotks, they cryed o

and often repeated it, Viva el Roy, muera el mal govier

mueran hs des comulgados, that is to fay, Our King li

long, but let the evil government die, and periih,and

tnem die that are excommunicated. Thefe words fav

many oí them from hanging afterwards, when the bufine

was tried and^fearched into by Don Martin de Carril

And with thefe words in their mouths they skirmiih

with them of the Zones at leaft three hours, they abo

nurling down (tones, and they beneath hurling up to thei

and lome (hooting with a few Piftols and bird ing Piec

at one another: and mark that in all this bitter skirmi

there was not a piece of Ordinance (hot, for theVicerc

had none for the defence of his Palace or Perfon, neith

had or hath that great City any for its ftrengtk and fecurit

the Spaniards living fearkfs of the 1«^,, and fas the

think ) fecure from being annoyed by any forain Natioi

There vvere flam in about fix hours in all that this tumu

Jaíted ieven or eight beneath in the Marketplace, an

one of the Viceroy his Guard and a Page in xhtZoties abov,

i he day drawing to an end, the multitude brought Pite

and hre, and firft fired the Prifon, then they fet on fir

part of the Palace, and burnt down the chief gate. Tfii

made fome of the City, of the Gentry, and of the Judges t.

come out, left the fire ihould prevail far upon theCit)

and to perfuade the people to defift, and to quench th

foe. Whilrt the fire was quenching, many got into th.

Palace, fome fell upon the Viceroys fiables, and there go

part of his mules and horfes rich furnitures, others begai

to m upon fome chefls, others to tear down the hangings

but chey were loon perfuaded by the better fort of the

City todeiift from fpoil or robbery, left by that they ftiould

be difcovered ; others fearched about for Von Pedro Mexia.

tor Xiroll and the Viceroy. None of them could be foundi

¡having difguifed themfelvcs and fo cfcaped. Whither Von

Psckc

hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies' 145

■it* Mcxia, and »«l went, it could not be : known , ir i many
.«siburcertainit was that the Viceroy difguifed h.mfelf
aVrancifcan habit, andfo in company of a Fryer went
rough the multitude to the Cloiftet of the Francifcans,
tone abode all that year, ( and J,"™ ¿ faw h'm the year
te) not dating to come out, till he had informed the
inV and Council of Spain, with what had happened,
id of the danger himfelf and the City was in, if not
*el, prevented? The King and Council o( Spa,» took
Lebufinefs into confide.ation.and looked upon it asa war-
¡ng-piece, toa fu.ther mutiny and rebellion, and anex-
óle to other parts of Amok, to follow upon any fuch
ke occafon, if fome puniihmenl were not inftAed upon
Z chief offenders. Wherefore the year Mowing 1625»
,hich was when 1 went to thofe parts, the king tent a new
riMroy the Marquéis of Smalm to govern in the place
f the Count of Gehei, and efpecially to aid and affitl Da*
4ar,in (fe Carrillo, a Prieft and Inquifitor ot the InquiBt.on
Í Vdladolid, who was fent with Urge Commiffion and au-
hority to examine the forelaid tumult and mutiny, and to
udae all offenders that mould be found in it, yea and to
¡£ up fuchas mould deferve death. 1 was a. Mew ,m
he beft time of the trial, and had intelligence from Pot
Uartin deCarrill» his own Ghoftly father, a Dominican try-
r of the chief paffages in the examination of the butwels ,
¡Sd the refultwas, «hat if Jufticeihoutd have been , execu-
ted rightly, moil of the prime of AM» would have fuf-
Fered, for not coming in to the Royal Standard, when cal-
m the found of the Trumpet the Judges fome were
put out of their places, though they anCwered that _ hey
Lit not ftir out, for that they were informed that all the
City would have rifen againfi them if they had^ppeared lu
publick. Tte chief atas were found to be the Cr.ol.ans
or Natives of the Country, who do hate the Span® ^Go-
wrnment, and all fuch as come from Spam ; and «»fc n they
have for it, for by them they are much oppreffed as Í have
before obferved, and are and will be always wuching any
oppoitunity to free themfelves from the Spamfh yoafc. But

La

m

w

i 46 J New Survey Chap. XII,

the chief fomcnters of the mutiny were found to be the Bi-
mops party .the Priefts", and fo had not Salazar and three
more of them fled, they had certainly been fent to the
Gallics of ^«a for^ally-flaves ; this judgment was publi-
ihed againft them There were not above three or four
hanged of fo many thoufands, and their condemnation was
for things which they had ftolen out of the Viceroy's Pa-
lace. And becaufe further enquiry into the rebellion would
have brought in at leaft half the Ci?y either foradors, 01
counfellers.or fomenters, the King was well advifed to grant
a general pardon. The Archbiibops proceedings were more
diiliked 'in the Court of Spain, than the Viceroys,and he was
long without any preferment, though at Iaft that there
might be no exceptions taken by his party, nor caufe gi-
ven for the further ftirring the embers to a greater combutti-
on, the Council thought fit to honour him in thofe parts
where he was born * and to make him Biíhopof Zamora, a
fmall Biihoprick in Cafiilei fo that his wings wereclipt,
and from an Archbiihop he came to be but aBiíhop,and frorr
threefcore thoufand Crowns v early rent he fell to four 01
five thoufand only a year. The Count of G elves was alfo
fent to Spain, and well entertained in the Court, and there-
in made Mailer of the Kings hoife, which in Spain is a No-
blemans preferment.

And this Hiitory Chewing the fíate and condition oí
Mexico, when I travelled £0. thofe parts I have willingly fet
down, that the Reader may by it be furniihed with better
observations than my f elf (who am but a Neophyte ) am a-
ble to deduéh Somewhat might be obfer ved from the Vice-
royscovetoufnefs-, which doubtlefs in all is a great fin, for
ss Paul well advifeth, 1 Tim. 6. to. The love of many is the
root of all evil, but EBUch more to be condemned in a Prince
or Governour; whom it may blind in the exercife of Ju-
iiice and Judgment, and harden thofe tender bowels
( which ought to be in him ) of a father and ihepherd to his
flock and children. We may yet from this Viceroys pra-
étice and example againft a chief head of the Romifh
Church, difcover that errour ofthePikfts and ' Jefuics oí

England,

Chap. XII. o/ík Weft-Indies: i47

r , j ,.,»„■■ refunded the people here that no tempoial
A,! hath power over'them, and that to lay hand,
X wrathand angerC being as they fay Confecratsd
toGoda dhis Altar )¡s^/^^eepexcomn™n«„on
whereas we fee the contrary in this V.ceroy a member of the
Church oLme, and yet exercifing his temporal power a-
«inil an Arch-biihop,andby 0>B taking h.m from the
rhn Ih and as hisprifoner fending him with juftwrath
fnd nk to a forain and remote place of baniihmenr.
¿t\m it* m, defue that the High ?nd Honourable
Cout of Parliament which now is fitting [<* ,the, 8ood„ °[
to K°ng<lom,and for the good of it hath already puled
down the Hierarchy of fuch Prelates and Arch-prelates,
T"\i look upon the trouble and uproar which the keysof
AeChurchin the hand of an undifcreet Pneft brought up-
on mTcity of M». Certainly as the ftrength of the
Church w 11 fetled and governed with fubo.dinat.on to the
Magera* is likewife the ftrength of the Common-wealth
foogn heotherf.de ,he power of the keys. n the Clerg.es
hand to caft out what incefiiuous Corinthian they pleafe,
whhout the reft of the Ceriwfe/" content, i Cot. 5 4, ■ J-
may prove dangerous and troublefome to the Common-
weal and good. For if the Clergy may ufeby .tfetf.w.th-
out the overfeeingeye of the Magiftrates Comm.ffioners,
2 power of the keys, who (halite free from the.r cenfures
chat any way wilt oppofe them ? The poor and .gnorant w.H
not onlvbe the objeft 6f their cenfures", but the r.ch, and
wife,andnoble, Ruler and Magiftrate w.H alfo come under
Their cenfures i wherein Ifinda Minifiermay thenasaPope
encroach upon the higheft crown of an Emperour. Nay cer-
tainly in UngUndiht thoughts of fome fuch afp.r.ng ¡Mini-
ikrsLve be?., higher than the thoughts of this Archblftiop
ofMeÄ over a Viceroy, the conceit of their power : w.th
the Keys have hoifed them above their Prince, for I hava
heard one of them fay, he knew not but that by the power
of the keys he might as well excommunicate the King asany
otherprivatepe,fon.Thisconceithathmade the Pope fea.no

«arthly Prince, Emperour,Ruler or Magiftrate ; nay this hath

La 3 ;, r>

If

V48 rJ Net» Survey Chap- XII.

made him to be feared,and refpe&ed,and honoured by Kings
and Princes i and why may not the fame power in the hands
oía Proteftant Clergy, make the meancft and the higheft to
fear and dread them > But fome will fay, the Word of God
being thetouchftone wherewith they are to try what points
maybe the iubjeärs of their cenfures, by fuch a light and
guidance they are not like to err. But they then being
themfelves the Judges of the fenfe and meaning of the
Word, who ihalloppofe their judgment, and their enfuing
cenfures? What if to their tryal and judgment they (hall
bring any Law ena&ed by a High Court of Parliament, and
(hall judge it not according to the Word of God, and fo
prefs it to the peoples conferences •, threatning with their
ceniuresfuchas (ball obey it? in fuch a cafe how may the
power of the keys unlock and open a door to the people of
rebellion againft their lawful Magifiratcs > O what dan-
gers may beta! a Common-wealth, when thus the Clergy
Hull ftand over poor and rich, fubje&and magifirate, as Pe-
ters ftituc zt Rome* with Crofs-keys in his hand? What a
rebellion did the Arch-biihop of Mw/wcaufe by excommu-
nicating Don Pedro Mexia firft, and then the Viceroy > and
how did the people fear his keys more than the Viceroy»
temporal power and authority, fiding with him againft fuch
as he had excommunicated ? What troubles did that Do-
ctor Smith BííhopoíC^/ce^ttbring among thepapiüs/mall
and great ones, not long ago here in England, laying'upon
them- by the power of the Keys a cenfure of Excommunica-
tion, if they confeffed to, or did entertain and hear the Mafs
of any, that had not derived their authority from him ? then
were they in open rebellion one againft another ; the fecular
Prieftsagainft the Monks, Fryers, and Jefuits, and the Lai-
ty all troubled, fome fiding with one, and fome with ano-
ther, till Doäov Smith having thus kindled the rire was
fain to leave if burning, and to betake himfeJf to Paris, and
from thence to foment the diíleníion, which with the power
of the Keys he had caufed here.

O furely the Church fo far is a good Mother, as it allows
a Magiftrate to be a Father, And great comfort have f bofe

that

Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies: »4?

ttatliw within^ pale of the Church, to knowthat they
have the Magiftrate to fly Unto in their preffures and di-

"fmuft ingenuoufly confefs that one main point that
b.ouZ m from th Church of Rome, was thetoo too
«eat powe of the Keys in the Popes, B (hops, and Priefts
handsP,who ftudyingmore «Wifttoijg Pot-
cy,tockuponthe people, and with ^J«*ÜS
h mmore'as their fubjeib, than as political Members m
, Common- wealth, rending and tearing them dayly by
íheir cenfures from that common and Polmcal body to
wmch hey belong, without any hopes of care tobe had of

7hemby their Ma|«rate ^»^Ä3
And I hope I Ihall not have fled from Antichnft who txal-
Sv himfclf as head of the Church and from that power
hath his influence over all Sta.es and Politic» Heads and
Rulers ; to find in a Protefiant Church any of his bint, ma-
king a dilthväion of a fpiritual and témpora head, forget,
ting the only head Chrift Jefus v whKh were it once gam d,

as the fpirit is more noble than the body, fo would the in-
fcrencefoon be made, that they that are ove.tbe fpir.t are
higher in power than they that are over the body * which
conclufion would foon bring Mexico's troubles among Pro-
teflants. Experience in all my travels by fea and land, in
moft parts of Expand of America,Uuh ever taught me,
that where the Ckrgy hath been too much exalted and en-
joyed power over the people, there the Common-wealth
Lth foon fain into heavy preiTures and troubles. And let
not this my obfervation feem «range as commg from a Mi-
nifier,for I have learned from Chrift, Mattb. 2 3. 25, 26,
27 "That the f rimes of the Gentiles exircife Vommon, and
they thai ate gnat exercift ambority, But it Shall not befo
amone, w, *>»' rfhfoever t>¡ü begreat amongyou, letbtm ite
ywr Minuet; and whfoever mil be chief ammgyou, let him.

*TlVeThe' High Court of Parliament will fo fettle the
Church and State here, that this (hall not tear any further
troubles from that i and that we who have our portion frotn
L3 the

'.Ill

15© J New Survey Chap. XIII.

the one, may be Minifters and Savants under the Com-
rniffioiíett-of-íhe other. And thus largely I have defcri-
bed the State and condition oí Mexico in the time of Mon-
tezuma, and fince his death the manner and proportion of
it vlith the tsoubled condition I found it in when I went
thither, by reafon of a mutiny and rebellion caufcd by an
Arch-biihop the year before. I /hall now come cut of
Mexico, and prefent unto you the places molt remarkable
about it h and from thence the feveral parts and Countries
oí America before Í betake my ftlf to the journy which
I made from Mexico to Guatemala lying nine hundred Eng-
lifh miles Southward, and from thence yet to Cojtarka, and
Nicoya, being nine hundred miles further toward the South.

CHAP. XIII.

Shewing the feveral parts of this nevo World of
America 5 and the places of note about the famous

City of Mexico.

A 'Lthough my travels by Sea and Land in America
XTL were not above three or four thoufand miles ( which
is not the fifth part of it, if exadly compaiTed ) yet for the
better compleating of this -my work ; I thought fit to inlarge
my fclf to a full divifion of the many and fundry parts there-
of, here firii in general i and hereafter more in particular
oí rhofe parts wherein I lived twelve years, and of thofe
which! more exactly noted and obferved así travelled and
paffed through them. The chief divifion therefore of this
j^reatcftpart oFthe World, is twofold only, to wit, the
Mexican^ and the Fernán parts, which contain many great
and fundry Provinces and Countreis, fome as big as our
whole Kingdom of England, But Mexico giving name to
¡n\íAmerkayhTíow called Nova Hifpania, new Spain, from
whence the Kings of Spain do ftyle themielves Hifpania-
rnm Reges. The Mexican part coctaineth chiefly the Nor-
thern I'ra&, and coraprehendeth thefe Provinces hitherto

known

;hap XIII. of the Weft-Indies. 151

LdS the Counci of ^^^^Kten Ay-
Channel through this fmall Ijitaw, to 1°^ of Spaia
ageto Cto,and .he Bfcte»» ^ But *^g8 ^
have not as yet attempted to do» ,10 n » ,d

work he (hould lofe thofe few Xnimm thai : ar | A
toGoditwerefothat they were and ¿ad b«n 10
and tenderof .he poor I^»x U« ,mor e p opu .o
that vaft and fpacious Country b at ^this day ( J

fay hehathnotattempted th« ^^¡^"left 0ff,thofe
bytheCape&^E/P™»^,Good-hope be.ng.et ,

Seasmight become areceptacle ¡of Pu g*. H°
hath not been attempted i*ag^ would
forreafon any «'^WAS eafie conveying
foon be r.compenfed with ^JÜg*™^ Seas. This
that wav the Commodities from boutn to woroi ^

tnthismyworK. 'nerc'UIC - . , (v,aU fall again up-
¡can part, and *5 N«hrn T«Ä . I ft» M ^ ^
on the firiUnd chief mmb of ■«» ^nded ri

was »» ThBÍTÍ£S J houeh not fo big as thofe
in which are many Crocodiles ft hou g nno t &
ofEgvfOwhichthelHtopeopkcat. It glone

*<
h!!:|

(

i( ! ¡I, ': 1

\ m

\$i rA New Surrey Chap. XHI.

mountains Tofocbamfecbe, and Fofoeateftc, which are of the
feme nature with Mtna and Fe/wtar. Nay all the way
South- wards as far así..» in Nicaragua', there are many
ot thefe fiery Mountains. But Pepocatepec is one of the
chief of them which fignifitth a hill of fmoak, for ma-
ny times it caileth out ftnoak and fires it ftandeth eight
tegua from CWA, the afcending up into i, is vtry
troubIefome,and full of craggy rocks. When Cmtz paf-
fed that way to Afcric», he lent ten Spaniards to view 'it'
with many Indian, to carry their victuals and to euid¿
them in the way. They approached fo nigh .he top, that
they heard fuch a j terrible noile which preceededfrom

ÄÄ*?*. *ake' and 8reat *»*«» of •& did
much difturb their way. But yet two of them who feem-
ed to be mo i hardy, and defirous to fre (trange things
went up to the top.becaufe they would not return w,fh
aileevelefsanfwer and that they might not be acounted
cowards, leaving thc.r fellows behind them, proceeded for-
wards, and pafled through that defart of aflies, and at
ength came under a great fmoak very thick, and (land-
ing there a while, the darknefs vaniihed partly awjv and
then appeared the Vulcan and concavity, which i, about
half a league m compafs out of rhe which the air came
rebounding with a very great noife, ve»y fluill and whittling
io that the whole hill did tremble; it was like unto an o
ven where glafs ,s made. The fmoak and heat wasfo
great that they could not abide ,t, and cf force were con-
itrained to return by the way that they had afcended. But
they were not gone far, when the Vulcan began to flaih
out flames of fire afhes and embers, yea and at thelaft
«ones of burning fire, and if they had notchanced to find
,rk¿U",d£'iW,hÍch ,he* ftadowed 'hemfelm, undoubt-
c^Ó/Lt'^^^^ Itislike «"«theVul-
fnLVt. . r "' K ,S h?h and round> a,ld "*»« wanteth
fnow about feme part of it. Before the coming of CoruL

fortenyearsfpaceithad left offexpehing vapo J or frnoak ; -
f>* ,„ the year , Ho, it began again to burn? and whh the

horrible

! ¡

ap. XIII- o/ f fee Weft-Indies: 15?

m noire thereof, the people that dwelt foul 'leagues
n it were terrified -, the allies that proceeded then
"i, reached to ?Wto, which ftandeth ten leagues
"nt from it i ye» Come affirm that ,t extended fifteen
uesdXnt, and burned the herbs in the gardens, the
n h the fields, and cloths that lay a dry.ng. And ma-
fñch hills and mountains doth **"%%> *$«£
■ka or mm Spain abound with. The limits ot it are

he Vl,j»caun, and the gulf of Me»», on the
Tcalifonií, on the South the r*» part. The Nor-

nbounds are unknown, (o that we cannot certain 1, r a-
w this America tobe continent, ^ «ttainly atoa
be an Ifland, diftinguiftied from the o:d world. It was
ry. populous before the arrival of the Spaniards, who
¿venteen years flew fix millions of them, matting fame
.ckingouttheeyes, cutting off the arms of , others , and
(ting them living to be devoured of wild beafls. This
If Province oí Africa named Mm^ $*».**
vided into four parts, that is to ^V&*%>J**
, Galicia, Mecbman, and Camochan. Ibmf tl^p
,e greateft and nobleft of thefe four; for that it con-
únelh fix Cities, and of them one is Mouco^h ,ch g,-.
eth name to the half part d America, and is the feat ot
n Arch-bifhop, and of the Spamjh V^etoy, whofe
reatnefs therein I have before hid open ; the fecond Ci-
yis La Pelade los Angela, the City of Angels the
hird Villarucas the fourth AmiqMraS the fifth Meet-
^thefixth Otto?*». But all thefe, excepting the two
irft are but fmall pkces, named Cities formerly, for that
he' Spaniard* thought to have made them Biftiops feats,
which they have no been ab!e to peiform, by reaion that
Mexico and the City of Angels hath drawn to them the
chief trading, and moft of the Inhabitants of the other
four. Efpecially the refortto Mexico is fo great, that a!l
the Towns about ( which formerly were of Indians ) are
now inhabited by Spaniards and Meftizoes. I may not
omit about Mexico that famous place of Chapultepec,
which in the Heathens times was the buiymg place of the
-r - Empe-

;

154 A New Survey Chap. XI

Emperoursi and now by the Spaniards is theEfcurial
America, where the Viceroys that dye are alfo intern
There is a fumpfuous palace built with many fair Ga
dens and devices of waters, and ponds of fiih, which
the Viceroy and the Gentry of Mexico do refort for th<
recreation. The] riches here belonging to the Vicero
Chappel, are thought to be worth above a million
crowns.

Tacaba is alfo a plea/ant Town full of orchards and ga
, dens, in the very way to Cbapultepec. Southward is lolm
nch alfo for trading, but above all much mentioned for tl
Bacon, which is the bed of all thofe parís, and is tranfpo:
ted far and near. Weil-ward is the Town called La Pieda,
at the end of a Cawfey, whither the people much refo
from Mexico, being drawn to the fuperftitbus worihip <
a pi&ure of Mary which hath been enriched by the chii
of Mexico with many thoufand pounds worth of gifts (
chain?, and crowns of gold.

But more North wdt. ward three leagues from Mexico i
the pleaianteft place of all that are about Mexico, called La
Soledad, and by others eldefierto, the folitary or deferí plac
and wildcrneis. Were all wilderneifes like it, to live in
wilder nefs would be better ihan to live in a City. This had
been a device of poor Fryers named difialced, or barefootec
Carmelites, who to make (hew of their hypocritical and ap
parent godlinefs, and that whikii they would be though
to live like Eremites, retired from the world, they ma;
'■draw the world unto them » they have built there a ftate
ly C'oifier, which being upon a hill and among rocks make;
it to be more admired. About the Cloifter they have fa
íhioned out many holes and caves in, under, and among the
rocks, like Eremites lodgings, with a room to lie in, and
an Oratory to pray in, with pictures, and Images, and rare
devices for mortification, as difciplines of wire, rods of I
ron, hair-cloths, girdles with iharp wire points to girdle
about their bare fleíh, and many fuch like toys which hang
about their Oratories, to make people admire their morti-
fied and holy lives. AUchefe Eremtncal holes and caves

( which

p. XIII. of the Weft-Indies. «55

r „.,.„ Saínate within the bounds and com-

■ sand now k which mfyttke up «wo miles com-
Sere amone the rocks ate many fprmgs of water,
i %whTfta!e of the plantins and other trees, are
h w«htheW«PM " J ¡tes. th tave alfo ,he

äffliäfe which i a little flower,
Seeteft of a» others, «here is not any other ftow-
aieiweetenui d exqu;f1!ein that Country,

ífiVd Eremites They are weekly changed from the
¡t, and wn n thcir "week is ended, others .« fc*

hev return unto their Cloifter ; «hey carry with them
r bo«les of wine, fweet-mea.s, and other p.ovlfions as
ruh he trees about do drop them into then-mouths,
s wonderful to fee the «range devices of f°untatnsof
er which are about thejgardens « but much more ft range
i wonderful to fee the «efort of Coaches, and gallants,

Lais and Citizens from **, thjther to walk and
ke merry in thofe defatt pleafures, and to fee thole ^hy-
rites whom they look upon as hvmg Sunts, andfo
nk nothingToo good for them, to cheriih them ,n their
fart conflilsvvUh Satan. None goes to them but car-
some fweet-meats, or fome other dainty d.lh to nounft
5 fad them withal \ whofe prayers they hkew.fe earneft-
folicit leaving them great alms of mony tor heitMat-
CT above*» offering to a pi&ure n the» Church
fed our Lady of Carmd, treafures of diamonds, pearls
Wen chains and crowns and gowns of cloth of gold and

«Befo "this piaure did hang in my time twenty -lamps

fi ver ; the worft of them being worth > . hundre 1 pound ,
toy Satan hath given unto them what he oifcr, ¿Ch .ftm
ledefert, AllUéingsfin&v^ ,,,/£» mHfM
m„ and «orjhlf m ; all the damues and of a «he nches
(America hath he given unto them.n that then deian to»
hat they dayly fall down and worihtp him. In the way to
his place «h re* is another Townyet called T«»%?;wh«?
s a rich Cloifter of Francifcan^nd alio many pd^g

i\ !

156 A New Survey Chap. X

orchards, but above all much reforted to for the muficl

that Church, wherein the Fryers have made the Indians

dexterous and skilful, that they dare compare with

Cathedral Church oí Mexico. Thefe were the chief ph

ot mine and my friends refort, whilft I abode about M

which I found to be moft worm a Hiltory, and fo-thouj

fit here to infat them, and fo pais on to the other pari

Provinces of Mexico. "

Next to this is the Province of Guaracha», which li,

in the road from St. John de Vlhua to Mexico, which is r

iopoorasHey^makethir, for that now it doth abou

with many rich farms of Sugar, and of Cochinil, a

reacheth as far as the Valley ofG«w* which is a m,

iich place. The chief City of this Province was wont

be lUxcallan, whereof I have formerly fpoken \ but nc

the City of Guaxata which is a Biihops feat, and %aM

which is alfo of late made a Biihops feat, makes k more t

roous it glorieth alfo in Villa Rica a Port Town ve

wealthy, becaufe ail the traflck betwixt the Old ar

New spams do pafs through it. The Spaniards have in

two rich Colonies, called Panuco 9 and St. James in the va

leys. The third Province of Mexico is called Mecboac*

which contameth in circuit fourfcore leagues. It is" alfo a

exceeding rich country, abounding in Mulberry trees, fill

honey, wax.black-amber, works of divers coloured feather;

moft rich, rare and exquifite, and fuch fort of fifli, thitfron

thence it took its mm^Mecbuaucan, which fignineih a plac

of hilling.

The language of the Indians is mod elegant and copious
and they tall, ftrong, active, and of very good wits, a'
may be feen in all their works, butefpecially in thofeoi
feathers, which are fo curious, that they are prefented
for rich prefents to the King and Nobles of Spain. The
chief City of this Province is Valladolid a Biihops feat 1
and the beft Towns are Sinfonté, which was the refidenca
of the Kings of this Country. There is alfo Pajemr
and Colima, very great Towns inhabited by Indians and
Spaniards. There are alfo two good Heavens, called Sr.

Anthony^

IO.XIH. of * Weft-Indies; 1 57

I' and Saint Jam», or Santjag, This country
Z oJan was almoft as great as the &£^*&£
•taOr»» conquered .bofe parts. The King that

^ch was th eruelty of P« ÍM *.&**«, the firft
fand P^fident of the Chancery oí i*xm ,.fo ? ^
Lft that underftanding he was put out of h,s office,
mok his iourney againft the 1wcb,étm,m and car-
Tnhis company five hundred ' Spaniard,, with whom,
fix thoufanl Indian, which by fo.ce he took oat of
■StiäL he conquered »W which is now calkd the
LÄ And as for this purpofe he pafled through
SK he took prifoner the King &JW «ho was
¡et and peaceable and Mired not againft him ) and tooK
m Urn ten thoufand marks of plate and much gold
dothe™t rafure, and afterwards burned h.m and many
w Indian Gentlemen and principal perfons of that
nsdom becauie they ihould not complain faying,
at a dead dog biteth not. They were ,n thisKmg-
,mas fuperftitious and idolatrous as in the £*«**»■
L" NoPdivorcement was permitted amongft them ex-
It the oattv made a fokmn oath, that they looked not
.CoCheTtherfted-faftly^nddireaiy at the time o
eir marriage. In the burying likewrfe of their Rings
e» w« fuperftitious, cruel •, and Idolatrous. When any
bg of tócL«» happened to be brought to fuch extre-
^fofficknefs that hope of life was paft.thend.d he name
ndyaPPoint which ofhisfons ihould inherit the eftate and
"rown, and being known, the new King or Heir pre-
¿nriTftntfor all the Governours, Capta.ns, and vahant
ioldi'ers, who had any office or charge, to come unto the
urial o'f his Father, and he that came ^ 6~* *€«*-
forth was held for a Traitor, and fo puniihed. Whe«
:he death of the old King was certain, then came
all degrees of eftates, and did bring their prefents to
the new King for the approbation of his ^iio^-

1 5 8 A New Survey Chap. X

or death, then the gates were (hut up, and none per
ted to enter, and if he were throughly dead, then be
a general ciy and mourning, and they were permitte

their hands. This being done the carkafs was waihed v

i^eet waters, and then a fine ihirt put upon him, an,

pair of ihooes made of Deer-skin put onhis feet, a

bout his» inckles were tied bells of gold, about the w

pt his hands were put bracelets of Furquoiies and of Á

ikewife, about nis neck they did hang collars of p«J

ftonc^and a fo of gold, and rings in his ears, with a J

Tuiqaoifcinhunethcrlip. Then his body was laid upo

large Bier whereon was placed a good bed under him»'

his one hde lay a bow with a quiver of arrows, and on

other fidelay an Image made of hne mantles of his own I

rure or bignefs, with a great tuff of fine feathers, (ho,

«pon his feet, with bracelets and a collar ofdold. Wf

this was a doing, others werebufcd in -waging them

?nd- women which íhoüld be flairi for to accompany h

into hell Theic wretches that were to be flairi- were j

banqueted and filled with drink, becaufethey ihould recei

the,r death with lefs pain. ThenewKing did appoint the

who ihould die for to ferye the King his father i and mai

oitnofe limpie fouls eiieemed that death fo odious foi

thing of immortal glory. Firft fix Gentlewomen of not

birth were appointed to die-, the one to have the office

Keeper ofhis jewels, which he was wont to wear-, anoth

4or the office of cup-bearer; another to give him water wit

a Bafon and Ewer •, another to give him always the Urinal

another to be his Cook i and another toferve furLandrd

i hey lie w alio many women-flaves, and free-maidens I

to attend upon the Gentlewomen, and moreover one of <

very occupation whhin the City. When all thefe that wei

appointed to die were waihed, and their bellies full wit

meat and drink., then they painted their faces yellow, an

p\u garlands of fweet flowers upon each of their head:

pen they went in order of preceffion béfete the Biei

where

ip.XÍII. 4 the Weft -Indies. «59

teon the dead King was earned I-, fome went playing
nftruments made of Snail-ihek and others playea upo»
"sand íbdsof Sca-Tortiie, others wen, whifihr.g, and

,„ft rart weecine The Sons of the dead K-ng and
rLCZ Sed upon their (boulders the Bier
«e the Corps lay, and proceeded with an e.ai.e pace to-
2 the Temple of the God called CMr, I to kmt.
¿went round about the Bier hng.ng a fonowful fong.
e X "and houlhold-fervan.s ol the Court, with other
gitoat and Rulers of JuMce bare the Standard and
!s other Arms. And about midnight they departed m
" de, aforefáid out of the Kings Palace with great hgn
fireb ands, and with a heavy noife of their trumps
d drums The Citizens which dwelt where the Corps
ffetaTtended to make dean the ftreet. And «hen «hey
■ ecome to the Temple, they went four times round a-
;u agTeat fire which was prepared of Pine-tree to burn
e dead body. Then the Bier was laid upon the hre, and

the mean while that the body was burning tncy maw-
a with a club thole which had the Garlands, ™d .««-
ard buried them four and four, as they were apparelled be-
¡nd the Temple. The next day in the morning the al.us,
ones and jewels were gathered and laid upon a ncri mantle,
«which las carried !o the Temple gate where the Pnefts
«ended tcbkfs thofe deviliih reliques, whereof they made

dowor pafte,and thereof an Image which was appar-
elled like a man, with a viforon his face, and all other
brts of jewels that the dead King was wont to wea-, fo
hat it feemed a gallant Idol. At the foot of the Temple
Uirs they opened a grave ready made, whim was (quare,
large, two fathom deep, it was alfo hung with new mats
round about, and a fair bed therein, in the which one of
the Priefts placed the Idol made of aftes witn his eyes to-

wards the Eaft-part, and did hang round about the wall?
Tareetsof gold and filver, wh bows and arrows, and
many gallant tuffs oí Fethers i with earthen veii.ls, a5 pots
diihes,and platters, fo that the grave was tilled up v^kU
hpttíhould-ítuffecheft? covered withLcatn€r,Appitc!Jewci5,
. Meat,

m

w+

1 6o A New Survey Chap. XI

Meat, Drink and Armour. This done, the grave w

tout up and made lure with beams, boards, and floor.

with earth on the top. All thofe Gentlemen who had fe

*ed or touched any thing in the burial, warned themfdv

and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the Kim

houfe without, any table, and having dined they wipe

their hands upon certain locks of Cotton- wool hangir

down their heads, and not fpeaking any word, except

were to ask for Drink. This Ceremony 1 ailed 'five da v

and m all that time no Fire was permitted to be kindled i

the City, except in the Kings houfe and Temples, norvc

any Corn was ground, or Market kept, nor durft any go L

of their houfes, (hewing all the forrow that might be pol

fible for the death of their King. And this was the fupei

ftitious manner of burying the Kings of Mecboacan. Thi

p^plediuPunifli adultery moftrigoroufly. for to commi

it was death as well for the man as the woman But i

the adulterer were a Gentleman, his head wa's decke<

with feathers, and after that he was Hanged, and his both

burned ; and for this offence was no pardon, either for mar

or woman. But for avoiding of adultery they did permi

otner common women, but no publick and ordinary ftews

Now the Indians of Mecboacan are greatly taken with the

Popifh devices, and are thong in that Religion, as any part

oí America.

■ The fourth and laft Province of the Country or Empire
of Mexico, is called Galicia nova, and is watered with two
very great rivers, the one named Piajile, and the other
Sen SekaJHan. This Province glory eth in many great
Towns oí Indians', but efpeeially in fix, inhabited both by
Indians and Spaniards; the nrft and chiefeft is Xalifio, ta-
ken by Nnnio de Guzman 1530. when he fled from Mexl
ko in a rage, and took prifoncr and burned the King of
Mecboacan. 1 he fecond is Guadalaiara. The third Coa-
rum, The fourth CompofteUa. The fifth St. Efpirit. The
iixth Cápala, which is now is called Nova Mexico, New Mex-
-'. And here it is that the Spaniards ate daily warring a-
iniWhe Indians which live North ward, and are not as yet

reduced

ÍCO.

o/tíeWeft-IncBcsi i6i

¡hap. XIII.

»duced nor brought under the SpaniJhyoÚL and 1 govern" ,
[cot They are valiant IÄ/, and hold the Spaniards'
ard to do if and have great advantage againit them in the
cksand mountains, where they abide and cut offmany
taniards Their chief weapons are but bows and arrows,
K with them from the thick Woods hills, and rocks
lev annoy and offend the Spaniards exceedingly. - 1 have
earffome Spaniard, fay /hat they ^^hmbapth.
xks like Goats i and when they draw nigh unto than,
len they cry out with a hideous noifc (hooting their ar-
3ws at them, and in an inftant are departed and^fled on-
>. mother rock. The reafon why the Spaniards are : lo
arneft to purfue and conquer thefe Inaians more than
^any others of America, which as yet are not brought m
abjeérion to the Spaniards, is for the many mines of fil-
er and treafure of gold which they know to be there,
fhey have got already fuse poffeffiori of part of thefe nch-
s in the Mines, called St. Levi* Sácateos from .whence
hev fend all the filver that ircoyned in the Mtnt-houiesot
Vélico and the City of Angels, and every year befides to
¡pain in lilver wedges at leait fix Millions. Bitt the fur-
hei the Spaniards go to the North, ftill more ricnes they
lifcover; and fain would they iubdue all thofe Northern
,arts f as i have heard them fay ) left our EngU(bftom Vit-
rm*,and their other plantations, get in before them 1
wvc heard them wonder that our E«g/# enter no further
nto the main land v furely fay they, either they fear the
Indians, or elfe with a little paultry Tobacco they have as
nuch as will maintain them in lazmefs Certainly they
ntend to conquer through thofe heatheniíh Indians, until
3Y land they come to Florida and Virginia, (for lo they
waft ) it they be not met with by fomc of our Northern
Nations of Europe, who may better keep them offthan thole
poor Indians, and may do God greater and better (enrice
with thofe rich Mines, than the Spaniards hnhesto have

Thus having fdoken fomewhat of the four Provinces of
Mexico which was the nrft Member ct the div^on.

HÄ5

»,tf* ANewSuney ChaP; XII

or NorthanTnTí. ^C,bcltT'« ro*eJ«»6

ísüUSe

- r-irr 6) • • '? \ d then fomewhat of the Peru*
pa»t. guwiraii icated on the mnft Weft Í

»«hw, juftovcr apainft r * ? cftcin pm of ^

:r;¿stñ?? j?ä fäfiä

in ".any ri npsr¿,ob of !h e£d tbe«^rf -*"•*

|our h, the k cf y ^"'ghf-

venngSofthemithdr bones'- bód^s, «h ¡ h ¡ thrS"

<W and keep water ; their blood, drink f theif fle¿°

eJH I' lh0Ugtli t0 be fome traffi9«e from China or
C*W, htther to thefe parts, where as yet the S¡Jl
«4, na.enot emer'd. Foi wber, M^JcJ^J^i

quered

of the Weft-Indies; \\6%

!tiap.Xffl.

aeied fome part of it, he faw in ihe further Sea certau,
El not of common making, which feemed to be well
den, ar,d bare in their prows, Pehcans, WWh could
otb conieaured to come from any Country, but one of
"fe two. In §nhma aereare but tW° P,rovlnceÍ,k"own

•h on the Eaft-fide,whofe chief City ¡s of the fame name,
nd den mini the whole Province The chief Towa
«t to Cito is called lomtaa, which is temperate and
■leafant beina fituated uoon a River fo called. The third
^Sl%tionmgiscaM,iÄ which was humt ,
,y the Spaniard, ^who under ^cconduä of FranafcoVaj.
,L AW nnade this Province fiibjea to the King
f«X ^« Do». 1540. And fince this Town of fmga^
tAfeouUtañdlíhabitedbythe Spaniard,, There »
looodiy College of Jefuits, who only preach ito the Indi-
,fof that Country. -Ate» ^ lyeth on the Weft-fide to-
Sa&feärMi* is very little inhabited by the £>«,**
«vho have found no wealth or riches there Our ever Fie-
nowned and Noble Captain Sir Franc» Vra\e discovered ^if
entered upon it, and he named it Nova Aliun, becaufe the
Kng that then was, did willingly fubmit himfelf unto our

^The Country abounds with fruits pleafing both to the
eTe and the Palate. The people are given to hofpjtthty tat
withal to witchcraft and adoration of devils. The bounds
b tween this &**■« and fai» Empire is Mar Kem»|/»,
IW¿1 The third Kingdombebnging^ tothe Ai«-
ican part and Northern Traci is Jucatan, which was hrft
difcovertd by Fr«ci/C« Hernandez * (Wow, in the yea
«,7. It is called >«tó, not as fome have conceit d
from 5F^« the fon of Hehr, who they think came out
of the Eaft, where the Setipture piaceth him, Gen 12. «•
to inhabit he«e,but from to» which in he Ud,an
tóngue Ggnifktb, what fay you? for when the •Spam-
ardf at their tirft arriving in that Country d,d a k of
the Indians the name of the place, the Savages not un
demanding what they mc?ned, r£p!Sed unto «hem Jucaun,

■

Ti y-

H

r '■•■

i

i 9 Ir'

Bí

— — ^^— BOB— ^

164 A New Survey Chap; XIII-

which is what fay you ? wherupon (he Spaniards "nal
med it, and ever lince have called it jf»*,*,». The whol
Country is at lcaft 9co miles in circuit, and is a ?««/«/«.
H is fituate over againíVthe Me oí Cuba; and is divided
into three parts, fitft Jucatan it felt, whofe Cities of greateft
worth, are Campeche, Vallado lid, Metida, Simancas, and one
which tor itsgreatnefsand beauty, they call Cm. This
Country among the Spaniards is held to be poor i the chief
commodities in it are hony, wax, hides, and feme Sugar, but
no Indigo, Cochinel nor Mines of filver ; There are vet
fome drugs much efteemed of by the Apothecaries,, Cana
fiftula, ¿arzaparilaeCpKhUyi and great ftore of Indian
Mat*. There is alfo abundance of good Wood and Timber
gl tor (hipping, whereof the Spaniards do make very
itrong (hips which they ufe in their voyages to Spain zvd
bacK again. In the year ié32. the Indians of this Country
in many places oí it were like to rebel againfi their Spanil
Oovcrnour, who vexed them forely, making them bring n
to him their Fowls and Turkics ( whereof there isalfo great
abundance) and their hony and wax (wherein he traded ) at
trie rate and price which hepleafed to fet them, for his better
advantage^ which was fuch a difad vantage to them, that
to enrich mm they itnpoveriihed themiclvcsj and fo iefol-
ved totefake-themfclves to the Woods an4 mountains s
where in a rebellious way they continued fome months, un-
111 toe r^aocifcan Fryers, who have there great power over
them reduced them back, and theGovernour ( ieíihe ihould
quite lofe that Country by a further rebellion J granted to
them not only a genera! pardon in the Kings rame, but
for tne future promifed to uie them more mildly and
gently. J

The fecond part of it is called Guatemala, ( wherein I
lived for the fpace of almoft twelve years) whofe Inhabi-
tants have loflformci/y half a million of .heirkinfmen and
t nends by the unmerciful dealing of the Spaniards i and yet
top all the lofs oí fo many thoufands, there is no part of A-
mema more flouriuiing than this with great and populous
todwu Towns. They may thank the Fryers who de-
fend

of the Weft-Indies. %$$

:hap. XIII.

■ndthem daily againft the Spaniards, and this yet for their
ZTZs, for while the lidian* floufjQi and mcreafe, the
^ rs purfes nouriih alfo and arc filled.. The Country is
erv frcih and plentiful. The chief Cities are Guatmda*
£ and Ibiapa, whereof I (ball (peak more large y
icreaftcr. The third part of Jucatan is Acafamil, which i*
n llland over againit Guatemala #fW««Jt
1 called by the Sj^Áwá/, Sta, Cmz, whofe chief Town is

'' The'foúrth and laft Country of the divifion of the Mar
:an part and Northen Trad of Amri*< which is under

>erience) is ftitftgi*; which Itandeth Soutrveaft from
EL, and above four hundred and fifty leagues from £
fct it agreeth fomcwhat with Mexico in nature both ofc
roil and fnhabitants. The people are of good ft«ure, and
^colour indifferent white. They had before they lew-
red Chriftianity, a fetled and politick form of Government
Dnly, as Solon appointed no Law for a mans killing of his
ather, io had this people none for the Murtneier of a
King, both of them conceiting, thai men were not io
innatural, as to commit fuch crimes. A jnief they )udg.
Ed not to death, but adjudged him tobe a Have to that
man whom he had robbed, till by his fervice he had made
fctisfaaion, a courfe truly more merciful and not lets juit,
than the lofs of life. .

ThisCountry is To pleating to the eye, and abounding ,in
all things neceffary, that the Spaniards qú\ it Mahomets Pa*
ladifc. Among other flouriihing trees, here growethone
of that nature, that a man cannot touch any of its bran-
ches, but it withereth prefently. it is as plentiful of Par-
rets, as oui Country of England is of Grows ', Turkies,Fowls
Quails and Rabbets are ordinary meat there. There are ma-
ny populous Indian Towns ( though not fo many as about
Guatemala) in this Country, and efpecially two Cities ok
Spaniards i the one Leon, a Biihops Seat, and the other Gm*
nada, which ftandeth upon a Lake offreih water, which
hathaboye three hundred miles in compafs, and having no

1 66 A New Suryey Chap. XIII,

imevcourfe with the Ocean, doth yet continually ebb and
flow. But of this Country, and this City efpecially l Chali fav
fcmewhat more, when í cometo fpeak of my travelling
through it. e

Thus I have briefly touched upon the Mexican part, and
to much of the Northern Traä as is under the King ol
Spam his Dominion, leaving .more particulars, till I
come to ihew the order of my being in and journeying
through fome of theie Countries. I will now likewife give
you a ghmple of the Southern Trad, and Peman part
of America. Which containeth chiefly five great Countries
or Kingdoms, fome in whole, and others in part, fubkdr
to the Crowns of Spain and Portugal, which are, firft C*
fittia áurea i fccondly,G»;0w*j thirdly, Pem\ fourthly Bra-
file* fifthly, Chille, But I will not rill 'my Hiitory with
what others have written of the four lair named Countries,
wherein I was not much -, but what 1 could learn of Per»'
I will briefly fpeak, and fo come to the firft, CafieVa aurea]
through which I travelled. Peru is held to be yet more
rich a Country than is Mexico; for although it hath not
theconveniency of trafique by the North-Sea,, which Mex*
uo hath, hat doth lend the Commodities in it to Panana,
and from thence tranfports them either over theft raight
Ifthmm, or by the River Chhgree to Portaba upon the North
Sea^ yet the Country is far richer than Mexico, by reafon
of the more abundance of Mines of 111 ver which are in it.
The mountains named Pot oft are thought to be of no other
metal, which the King of Spain will not have to be o-
pened till they have exhauifcd thofe which are already
difcoveredand digged, and have found the Spaniards work
enough, and yielded them treafure enough ever fince they
tirft conquered thofe parts. The foil is very fruitful of all
fuch fruits as are found in Spain. The Olives are bigger
than thofe of Spain, the oil fweeter and clearer. The
Grapes yield alfo a wine far ftronger than any oí Spain,
and there is much made by reafon it cannot conveniently
be brought from Spain. There is like wife Wheat in great
¿lore, and all this fruitful foil lyeth íow under high Moun-
tains

ftap. XIII. o/ the Weft-Indies; 167

Is which divide betwixt JÄ/u not as yet conquered
S?Ä But thofe Mountains ^ a great help unto
tofeoleafant Valleys with the waters that fall from them,
, in altthofe farts inhabited by the Spaniard, toward
e South-Sea, it is mofi certain and moft oh íervab le rt«
t never raineth, infomuch that the houfes are uncovered
n the tops and only mats , laid over them to keep off the
uft and' yet is thisWry, what with the waters th
all from the Mountains, what with the ^'"S v in the
«nine dews, as fruitful and plentiful as any Country m he
Zll Th'e chief City is called Uw, where there ,s a
Viceroy and a Court of Chancery, andan A.4-*P,
iath a Port fome two miles from it named Calla» , where
lie the (hips that convey yearly the treafure o that King-
dom"to rLma. There lie alio other Ihips which irafhque
to the Eafl.hdkr, and to alhhe.Coafo of &»**£*
to Acapdco the Southern Haven ofMe» The Port ot
CaUalis notfo (trongas the great, nay ™f™^»f*
that is commonly in it and in '«e Cuy of L,m* (hould re
quire, for 1 have heard many «f*rfe«r. '« the
Lr 620.afew mips of Hollanders ( as fome fay ) or ot
& fas others affirm) appeared before the Haven
waftingfor the (hipsthat were to convey the Rings reve-
re to Vanama, and hearing that they «" /^
( though by a falft report ) followed them, and ib forfe*
¿he attempting to take the CMau ■■, which certainly had loey

treafuie that in any one part ot the world

cou

id have bsen
But the 'Spaniards fddom'fee thereabout forain
ihips and to live more carddly in fecunngor ftrcngth-
nine that Coaft. Though Peru be thus nch in fruits and
Mines, idCbilk far «ceedeth it in gold s which q&etu the
Spaniards to aconftant and continual war with the Inhabit
tints, which are a ftrong, warlike and moft valiant people.
They are arown as skilful in the ufe of weapons, fwoid*, pir
ftolsandmufquctsasthc Spaniards, and have "Hen many
Spaniards, tton and women prifoncisj andtf .itebpamjb
women hive had fomaoy children, «U:d A^soe/, trj* *y
M 4 . wTO

■

i ¿8 rJ New Survey Chap. XII

them ( who have proved moii valiant ) they have much er
creafcJ both ¡heir firsthand their skill. They ho d A
Spm,ard^t4 to it, and the war is become the moil dan
gerousofany the SfM have i inomuch thatZ Cot
a ofS^wdojh P>ck out from FWOT and fe/,,, the be"
fold ers to fend them thither. And a Captain dm hath fer
ved long, well and faithfully in FUndJ, by way 5 cr tai
and protnotton is fent to the Wats of C/ ,//,, to fiiht for tha
great treaiureofgold, which certainly is here The ^
m&*K» it three fair Cities ä the C**fc (whicf

nan Si Tl^ >??/«»<»> and F**#* This laft f
named fom one K,W>t,„, who was Governour of it, and
the hrii caufe and author of thofe Wars

This man was fo extraordinary covetous of the gold of
that Country, that he would not let the ¿¿«1 „X!
«n,oy any of k ther^ves, but did vexí^whif nd'
beat, yea and kill f„me of them, becaufe the brought' him
.not enoug, 3„d taployed than daily infeeking ittt for
htm chatgtng ,hem w.tfa a rax and impoiition ofio much
ä day : which the Indians not being able to perform ncr
to fitufie an unfatisfiabk mind and greedy cov tóulefe
refolyed to rebel, but fo that firtf they would fill S t

- Ü j y ,31,cl 8lKíei'og meta!. Wherefore thev

joyntd and combined themfelves together ¡p a warlike no!

. fture, and took lome quantity of gold and melted it and

Wtth .t Alt came upon VauL, the Govetnour' fay.

™;?Zä,r ft* 7 fte «h™ ""A «8««ly and unfa ¡able
rand and delire ^r our gold i we have not been able to
fattsfie thee with it hitherto; but now we have devifed a
way ,o fatiate this thy greedy covetoufnefs ; here now
enough, drink jthy full of it ¡ and with thefe words "Z
took h,m and poured the melted gold down his throat
whtrewnh he died, nenr more coveting after that ffi

e& 1!drofs' Td nT¡.n8 wSth his "a™ and de«h 'h

Myoím&,M)a¡ld WI,h hls covetoufnefs leaving a re-
Slst* hath «««"-d-— land b,ood8y War
^~ Galana

o/ikWeft-Indiesi »<$$>

ap. XIII.

,„,i «Mfii, 1 (hall omit tofpeak of, not having

effing to the Crown of *g£. JgJ
t of it to the high and mighty States ot the Netbtuanas,
óvvÜl bcite. fadsfie by their Hiftories, and acquaint Ea-
• with the nchesthat are • -^ d fa ¡n theSou.

j r a-u fa railed for the abundance ot gold tnac

oart of the J/ifc««f, which runneth Ktween the
;«h and South-Sea. Befides the gold in .t, >t is ad-
lytored with Silver, Spices, Pearls, and medicina
,bs. It is divided into iour Provinces. The ¡nil is cal
¡Cabella deloro; the fecond, Nova ^z,a, the
,d Nova Granada ; the fourth, Caribeña. CafdU del
¡stored in the very Ijlbmm, and is not vay popu-
u sb reafon of the unheakhiulnefs «I the air, and no.-
me favour of the Handing Pools The chief places be-
Zn° to the Spaniard,, are firft Ibeommay or Nmkm
XontheEali i, the fecond which is lis .leagues i from
í¿& A V is Portaba, now chufly inhabited by the
ZiWrand Mulattoes, and Blackmoors and W«¿
Calmoft utterly forfaken by reafon of Us unheal hful-
efe The (hips which were wont to anchor in Nomke.
fe ¿to, and .hereto take in the Kings treaCure, which ,s
earl, brought from Ver» to P,»r*, and from thence to
he North-Sea, now harbour themfelves m ¡WW,
vhich fignifieth Porto kilo, a fair and goodly Haven for
«indeed it is, and well fortified at the entrance w.tn three
Dallies, which can reach and command one another.^ lhe
third and chief place belonging to the Spamaras in Cajiel-
U del «ro is Panama, which is on the weft fide and upon the
South-Sea. This City and Nombre Je Vm were both
built by Vidacm ie Niqmfa. And Nombre ¿e Vto, was
fa called, becaufe Niquefa having been crofted with ma-
ny n.ifchances and mifadventures at Sea, when he came
¿o this place greatly rcjoyced, and bad his men now.

if b A New Survey Chap. X]

go on (Lore in Nombre de Dios, in the name of G.

But as Í have before obferved, the air being here i

healthy, the King of Spain in theyear 15,4* comm;

died the houics of Nombre de Dios to be pulled do*

and to be rebuilt in a mo*e healthy and convene

place .-which was performed by Peter Arm in Portal

But oe»ng now upon Nombre de Dw, I (hould wrong r

Country if I fhould not fet out to the publick view t

worth of her people fhewed upon this place, and tot!

cay rated on and admired by the Spaniards, who do n

only remember Sir Franc^Dra^ and teach their childr,

to dread and fear even his name for his attempts upon Ca

*%M*andall the Coai* about, and especially upon Nomb

11 ic' a7/,íomie parching as far as the great Mountai

called bf. Pablo towaids Panama : but furthermore keep-

live amongii them fand In this my Hiftory it ihali not die

she name of one of Sir Francis- Dra\e his followers and Car

tasns named John Oxedbam, whofe attempt on this Coa

wasrefoluíe and wonderful.

This noble, and gallant Gentleman arriving with thre<
fcore and ten foldiers in his company as refolute as h'irr
telfr a little above this Town of 'tiombre de Dios, drew
«ano his ihip, "and covering it with boughs, marched ove
the .and wish his Company guided by Blackmoors, until h<
came to a river, where he cut down wood, made him í
Pinnace, emred the South fea, went to the Ifland of Pearls
where he lay ten days waling for a prize, which happily h<
got C though nor Co happily alter kept it J for from that ffland
he let upon two Spaaijb ihips, and rinding them unable to
¡Eight, he fpeedily made them yield, and intercepted in them
threekore thoufand pound weight of gold, and two hun-
dred thoufand pound weight in bars or wedges of íílyer,
and returned fafcly again to the main land. And though
% reafonof a mutiny made by his own Company he nei-
ther returned to his country, nor to his hidden ihip 5 yet was
it fucfa a Mrange adventure as is not to be forgotten, in that
the like feas never by any other attempted, and by 'the Spa-
niards is to this day with much admiration recorded. '

Much

XIH of the Weft- Indies. i?1.

th^&fpeS dttn «hoe thoughts " *

.^ in ?f^¿« it hath taken its name, ibectiiei 1J)Y
KiS re fix. KrB.ft**, which U tag »
Äundcrthe^^.»,. Thereon u>#g|
The third, ftp**, the ..cheft of them al 1. The to*
EL F«,or St.Mfc an Arch-bifliopsfeat, and a Court or
Juftice and Chaneery, governed hke '^^°*S
U bv a Prefident and fix Judges, and a rung. A"o.'..y
and two high Tuftiees of Court , who have fix thoofrnd
duck 7a year allowed them out oí the Kings «cafare.
The fifth City is Palma ; and the f«th Mmda, J«™f»-
,4»".hVough this Country oiGranadateth the road way
to X 1 n flu all by land. This Country U w«J nrong
(,y ration of the ficuation of it «nvuh amon^ftony ,ock,
which compafs and environ it, and through which tlu.e
1 arc

■L—

*7i A New Survey Ckp. J

are very narrow paffages. Yet it ij full of pleafant
leys wh,ch do yield much fruit, Corn and I iX
There are alio ,n k feme Mines of Giver, and many
den fended nvers. Car;hage»a which is ,& Iaft PZ
oi Caftellaamna, hath alfo a very fruitful foil, in the wl

The chief Cities in it are, firftCi^, which
F™* D^ ,„ that year ,5*5. furprifedj *d as ^
«wr*, affinn J burned moft part of it, and befides ineüh
Wcfums ofmony, took with himfrom thence 230. piece
Ordnance. I dare fay now it hath not fo manv -yet it is ,
fooaaly we for ahed , though not fo ftrong l Porta
it is a fair and gallant City and very rich, by leafon of,
pearls wh,ch are brought to it from Mafrita, and

f|¿ a Bf°Ps feat> ^«dhath many rich Churd

•"¿Cloiftcr* Ins not governed by a Court of Juftice a;

Chancery as Sta Fee is, but only by one Governour, It ha

been often moved to the Conner! of Spain to have fome G.

leys rn.de to run about thofeSeas, and that Carthagena

ihechcfnarbourofthem. From this City received En

W the lofe of that little ifiand named Providenceby u

K»í l- ¿ upaTds Sta Catalina> wh^h though bi

£k?*a Kb£en of «^ grater advantage I

our Kingdom, than any other of our Plantations in Arm

ea i which the %W well under/rood when they fit a

their faengtboi Carthagena *&müith but I hope the Lor.

hath his nme appointed when weihal! advantage our felve

if " 2gr ln 1, J? thÍS City 0f ^%** Cometh every yea
alio infrmll F ngots moil of the Indigo, Cochineland Sum
which is made in the Country oí Guatemala ; the Spaniard
thinking it fcfer to (hip thefe their goods in little Frigots up-
on the lake of Granada in W/w^j, and from thence u
lend them to Carthagena to bs (hipped with the Galcons
that come from ?«■*,**/ with the treafnre of ?w*, than to
fend them by the (hips of Honduras, which have often beer
a prey unto the Hollanders, Thefe frigots were thought by

ft

ap XIII. tfthe Weft-Indies: 173

he ,Wcr ffi otewife called St.» and Ä* *
WTh"eisaHo^«eZ«e;.andNe^ C-ta, »«*."*
«Towns. Andthefe three laft regions, Andaluzm
\,SaGranada,^C.«hagma, are by the ««««A
ed JWiV, » firmUnd.fot that they are the firength
ftXrc f the'Notth, and the bafis of this reverfed P,-

feus have I brought thee, Gentle Reader roundabout
«*» and (hewed thee the Continent of that biggeft
of the world-, from the which thou mayft obfave
power and gratneft of the King of Spam, who hath
S, his Scepter and Dominion fo many ihoufand
íes which were they reckoned up, would be found to
more than are about all Europe. But not only is ¿*e-
^ eat andfpatiousbyland, butalfoby fea, glorying u>
ore8 ndfome greater lilands, then any other part of the
o U. It would but caule tedioufnefs and fam.^4
, number them allup, which is a work hard an d difhcuh,
>r that many as yet are not known nor inhabited, and
Lfegoodnefs and greatnefe is not dtfcovered i for
le Iflands called Lucaidas are thought to be four hundred
t leaft. Therefore I will omit to be over- tedious _ an d
,rolix, and will but briefly .peak of the beft and chief of
hem taking them in order from that part oftheCon-
5, Cariaba, where even now I let thee. But in
he firft plaee«lls{npon my pen the Jewel Iflana called
Variant*, which is fituated in the lea nigh unto Caflella au-
la and not far diftant from two other Iflands, named Cu-
haina and Trinidad». True it is this lihnd of Margarita IS
bvfome much flighted for want of corn, grafs, trees and
waten infomuch that it hath be» known lómenme
that an inhabitant of that lfland hath willingly chan-

J 74 ¿ 'New Survey Chap. J

ged for a Tun of water a Tun of Wine. But the ^rea
bundance of pretious ñones in it maketh amends fo the
mer wants and defers * for from them is the name of
gama impofed on that Ifland. But efpecially it Vie]
üore or pearls thoe gems which the Latin writers
-Uniones, becaufe nuüi duonperiunter indifimL theyalw
are found to grow in couples, in this Ifland there
many rich Merchants, who have thirty, forty, fifty B/
mar. flaWs only ^toHOioutof the fea about the rocks t!
pearls. Tneie Elacmacrs are much made of by their Í
Iters, who muft needs truil them with trcafuii hiddei
the waters, and in whoie will it is to pais by of thofe t
find, none few, or many. They are kt down in basfc
into the Sea and fo long continue under the water, u

^rt"8TthCT :Y Whkh the^ are ^ down, tí

ma^e their fign to be taken up. 1 have heard fome fay ti

have thusdealt in pearls, that the chief meat they ked th

b>acknms with, is roaír mear, which makeíh themki

men wind and breath longer in the water. From M

gama are »11 the Peasls km to be refined and bored to C

ihagma where is a fair and goodíy ilreet of no other for

¿hap of the Peail-driffers. Commonly in the momh

July tnereis a ihip; or two at raoft ready in that Ifland

carry the Kings revenue, and the Merchants pearls to &

thagma. One. or ihefc ffiipsaie valued commonly at thrc

Icorctnouiand, o» fomfcore thoufand duckats, and fota

times more i and therefore are reafonable well manned i f

that the Sptniardt much fear our Eaglijh and the Hollai

tóips. I he year that Í was inCartbagena, which was 162

a (dip of thefe laden with pearls was chafed byonexofoi

ihips trpm the Ifland of Providence ( by fome it was ihou^l

to be bur ftip called the Mpfww ) which after'a little righ

ing had almóír brought the poor Spaniard to yield h

pearls, and had certainly carried away that great treafui

( as I was informed ¡n Canhagem four days aiter the tigl

by a Spaniard who was in the ihip of Margarita ) had nc

two other ihip? of Holland come between to challenge fror

tiulEnghfimzn that piize, alícdgiog their privilege fror

' - tt

ap. XIII. of the Weft-Indies. 17 f

mighty States united for all prizes upon thofe feas and
i And whilft out Englifh and Hollander did thus ft rive
the Pearls, the Spanish ibip ran on (hore upon a little
3d andfpeedily unladed and hid in the woods part o£
treafures,and perceiving the Hollander coming eagerly
mifoit of it, the Spaniard fet on tire the (hip, and nei-
• Spamard,EngUJht not Hollander, enjoyed what might:
e been a great and rich prize to England. From Car-
vena was íent preiently a man of War to bring home the
rls hid in the wood, which were not the third past of
at was in the (hip. . '':_.■:. - .

Jamaica is another Ifland under the power of the Spam-
's, which is in length 280 miles, and 70 in breadth, .which
>ugh it exceed Margarita in fweet and pleafan't ftreams ,
1 fountains of water, yet is far inferiour to it in riches
me Hides, fome Sugar, and feme Tobacco are the chief
mmodities from thence. There are only two Towns of
te in it, Orijiana and Sevilla \ here are built Chips whicn
ve proved as well at Sea, as thefethat we made in Spain.
lis Ifland was once very populous, and now isalmofi.de-
tute oí Indians', for the Spaniards have flain ink móre-
antfoooo-, infomuch that women as well here as on"
e Continent did kill their children before they had given
em life, that the iffues of their bodies might no? feive fo
uel a nation. But fas beyond the two former is the I-
md of Cuba, which is three hundred miles long, and 'fc-
:nty broad, which was firft made known to Europe by"
olumbus his fecond navigation. This III and is full of Fo-
;fts, Lakes, and mountains. The air is very temperate, the
)il very fértil, producing brafs of exaófc perfe&ion, and
>me gold though droffie hath formerly been found in it*
t aboundeth alio with Ginger, Cafíia, Maüick, Aloes, feme-
Cinnamon, Cana tiftula, Sarzaparilla, and Sugar, and hach
I fleih, fifti, and fowls great plenty i but efpecially Rich
tore of fea Tortois, and Hogs, that the íhips at their re-
urn to Spain mike their chief provifion of thsm. My fe!£
¡hanced to take phyiiek there, and whereas Í thought
:hat day I ihauld have a Y-owlj or, rabbet after my Phy-

fick*

i? '6 d New Survey Chap. J

fick working, they brought me a boyled piece of f
young Pork, which when 1 refufed to eat, they aíTured r
wasrtiebeft diih the Do&ors did ufe to prefcribe upon i

The chief Cities of this Iiland are Santiago on the I

then Oiore built by James de Falafco, a Eiihops feat i

iecondly, Havana, which is alfo on the Northen íhore

is a iafe road forihips, and the ííaple of merchandize

( as the Spaniards cail it ) the key of all the Web-Indih

lock up or unloek the door or entrance to all Ama

Hercri(teth the King of Spain's Navy i and here meei

the Merchant (hips from feveral ports and Havens ci

tnoie Countries aforenamed, whether from the Jilands

from the Continent : in a word, here commonly in*

momh ot September h joyned all the treafure, as I may Í

of America, all the King of S/Ä revenues, with as mi

more of Merchants goods, which the year that I was th

were thought to be in all the worth of thirty millions. A

the ihips which that year there did meet to ifrengtr.

oneancrherwere53fai?,and fet out fooner that year th

any other, upon the 16. oí September, having thatdai

fair wind to waft them homewards through the Gulf

Bahama,^ Havana therefore being the Hore-houfe of

America's treafure, it hath been the Spaniards great care

fortifie that i and truly it isfoilrong, that the Spaniar

hold it imponible to betaken, and do boaft of four impre

nable Forts, to wit, at Antwerp, MiUan, Fampelona, and H

vana. This hath two ftrong Caüleí, the one at the poii

or entrance of the Haven toward the Sea i the other moi

within, on the oiher-ilde almoit overagainftitiwhich tw

Gail les ( the paifage in the mouth of the haven being \

marrow, that one only (hip in breaft may enter ) will kee

and defend the Port from many hundred fail. Iwasm

ft it in the great and chkf Ca tile, and truly found it ver

fírong, though by land I judge it might be as eafily u

ken, as other ftrong Caftles here in Europe have been c

verpowered by a great and powerful Army. It hath in i

tetóles many others, twelve pieces of Ordnance of bral

exceec

lap. XIII. o/ the Weíl-Indíes¿ 177,

:eeding great, which they call, The twelve Apoftles. But
all this ftiength of the Havana, it could m* once dc-
d fix or feven millions ( according to ÚK Spaniards own
ount ) which the one part of ■ the Kings Navy brought
m St. John At Vlhm to the fight of this irapregna-
fort, and protected with fach twelve Apoftles. It was

I take it the year 1629. when that ™™°™¿t¿**
>der ( whom like unto our Dwfe the Spaniards to his
y fear and tremble at, calling him Fie de Talo, that 1$
ioden ke ) waited at the Cape of St. Anthony for the
anijh fleet of KovaHifpania. which according to tus ex-
nation coming, he manly fet upon it, M*™*™*»*
ming-the great treafure in it with a full fide of 10 ring
rdnfnco the found was more doleful than joyful and
tone to the Spaniards, who thought it fafer ileeping

a whole skin, than to be unquieted by fighting, and
ith rhe fight of torn and mangled bodies, by Mm his
rious and fiery balls, and fo called a Council of War to
folve what they ihould do to fave the Kings great treafure
hich was intruded to them in thofc (hips. The rcfult
' the Council was toflie and with fomedifcharging of their
irdnance to defend themfelves , until they could put
ito a river in the Ifland of Cuba, not far from Havana
died Matanzos, There were in thai : fleet of Spam many
Plants and Gentlemen, and two Judges of AcChaiice-
j oí Mexico, which were that year fent to Madrid as
uilty in the mutiny before mentioned i there was in it of
iy acquaintance a Dominican Fryer, named Fryer Ja-
Intho de Hozes, who had been fent to thofc parts to vi fit

II the Dominican Cloifters of Nt» Spam, and had .got ol
«bes at leaft eight thoufand duckats ( as I ™ *n ^i**
he year after by a Fryer his companion, whom he fent
torn ¡Havana to Guatemala, to make known to his rfaodt
ds lofs of all that he had got, and to beg a new ^
,ution to help him home ) there was a fo m cha : flcrt :Dm
Martin de ¿rih, who was the Inqu ifit or and O^nnffi-
>ner to iudee the delinquents in the fore-mentioned mu-
iny of M»3», who was thought to have got twen-

178 A New Survey Chap. XII]

ty thoufand duckats clear ; befides thefe a Biihop, an
many rich Merchants, all under the command of Tkn %\
de Guzman y Torres* Admiral to all the Fleet. They a

rtf^ nMr and fods'butthegal!antH,//We,
chafed them. The Spaniards thinking the Hollanders woul
«ot venture up the river after them, put into 'fämä
bu foon after they had entrcd, they found the river to
(hallow for their heavy and great bellied Galeons.andi
run them upon ground i which done, the better and riche
tort efcaped to land endeavouring to efcape with whs
weal h they could i fome got out Cabinets, fome bags
which die iÄWcT/percävingcameupon them with bul
let mergers, which foon overtook and fiopt their flvin
treaiures. Some few Cabinets were htd, all the reft be
came that day the gallant Fie -de Pah or the wooden le
Captains prize for the mighty States of Holland. The Fn
er Hozes wasgot into a boat with his Cabinet under his ha
bit, whrchhad in it nothing but chains of gold, diamond<
pearls and precious fíones i and half a aorta Hollander
eapt into the boat after him, and fnatched it from him, a
his own friend and companion related after to us in Guate
mala. Don Juan de Guzman y lorres the Admiral, when h
came m&pain was imprifoaed, loft his wits for a while, an<
after was beheaded. Thus in thclight of impregnable Ha
vma and of mofe 1 7 brazen Apoftles, was Holland glori-
ous ana made rich with á feven million prize
-But befoic I end this Chapter, I may not forget the chief
w oí all the Iflands of this new world, which is call Hi
y^w*Ä,andformeiIyby <he natives Hatie, which lament
fth the lofs of at Icaft three millions of Indians murthere(
by her new Maiters of Spain, Thisliland k the biggeft thä
as yet is diicovcrcdin all the world, it is in compafs abou
1 ?oo miles and enjoycth a temperate air, a fértil foil, rid
mines i and trades much in Amber, Su|ar, Ginger, Hides
•nd I Wax. It is reported for certain that herein 29 day*
herbs will ripen and roots alio and be fit to be eaten
which, is a ftrong argument of the exad temperature of th<
air. it yieldeth tey nothing t*C«fe, butwaelkih inthiei

things

Chap. XIII. of the Weft-Indies; 1 7%

things efpedally, firft in the finenfs of the gold, which is
here more pure and unmixed i fecondly, in theincreafe of
the Sugar, one Sugar Cane here filling ao and iometisnes
\o meaCurevand thirdly in the goodnefs of the foil for
tillage, the corn here yielding an hundred fold This ter-
tility is thought to becaufed by four great Rivers which
water and enrich all the four quarters of the Ifland >.
all four do fpúng from one only mountain, which ttandetci
in the very midft and center of the Country, Juna the
running to the Eaft, Artihinnacus to the Weft Jacob® to
the North, and Naibus to the South.

This Country is fó replenifhcd with Swine and Cattle,
that they become wild among the Woods, and Mountains,
fo that the (hips that fail -by this Ifland .and want provifi-
on ao here aihore where it is little inhabited, and kill ot
Cattle, wild fwine and boars, till they have made upaplerv
tiful provilion. Much of this Country is not inhabited by
,eafon that the Indians are quite confumed The chier
places in it ate firft St. Vomwga, where there is a Spamjb
Prefident and Chancery, wiihfix Judges and the other of-
ficers belonging to it, and it is the Seat of an Arch-biibop,
who though he enjoy not fo much yearly rent and reve-
nues as other Arch~biihops,cfpecially they of Atexut >and L*>
ma s yet he hath an honour above all the reft, for that he is
the Primate of all the India's, this Ifland having been xon-
quered before the other parts, and fo bearing antiquity above
them all. There are alfo other rich Towns of trading, as Sta.
ifabdla&.lbme$t.jQbn,Maragn*M Porto. And thushath
¿V pen run over Sea and Land,lilands and moft of the Con-
tinent that isfubjeä: to the Spaniards, to ihew thee, my Rea-
der the ftate of America at this time. It is called America be-
caufe America Vefpufm firft difcovered it, though after-
wards Columbus gave us the firft light to difcern thefe Coun-
tries both by example and directions. Betides the fadions
fpoken of before between the Native Spani^s and thole
that come from Spain, there is yet further in moft parts oí
it, but efpecially in Fertt, a deadly fa&ion and mortal ha-
tred between the tycains and the Spaniards of Gaftthf^
N a W**-

■ i;

1 80 A New Survey Chap. XIV

EJlremadura, which hath much ihakm the quiet tiate of it
and threatned it with rebellion and deftru&ion.

There are in ÚX America four Arch-biihopricks, which are
Sto. Domingo, Mexico, Lima and Sta. Fee, and above thir
ty inferioui Biihops. The politick Adminiffration or Ju-
flice is chiefly committed to the two Viceroys redding a(
Lima and Mexico , and with fubordination unto them unte
other Prefidenfs, Govemours, and high Juiiiccs, called
Alcaldes Majores\ except it be the Psreiident of Guatemala,
and of Santo Domingo, who are as abfolute in power as the
Viceroys, and have under them Governours, and high
Juntos, and are ne» ways fubordinate to the formei
Viceroys,, but only unto the Court and Council oí
Spain.

CHA P.' XIV.

Shewing my Journey fro^ Mexico to Chiapa
* Southwards and mofi remarkable places in the

way.

HAving now gone round America with a brief and fu-
perticial defcription of it, my defire is to ihew unto
my Reader what parts of it I travelled through, and did
abide in, obferving more particularly the ftate, condition,
itrength, and commodities oí thofe Countries which lie
Southwards from Mexico, ¡t is further my defire, nay the
chief ground of this my Hiñory,that whilft my Country
doth here obferve an Englifb man become American, tra-
velling many thoufand miles there, as maybe noted from
St. John de Vlbua to Mexico, and from thence Southward
to Panama, and from thence Northward again to Cartha-
gena, and to Havana, Gods goodnefsmay be admired, and
his providence extolled who fuffered not the meaneft and
unworthieft of all his Creatures to periih in fuch unknown
Countries * to be (wallowed by Noi th and Soutlvfea, where

Oiip-

:hap XIV. of the Weft-Indies. »8»

Lra'cks were often feared ; «o be loft in fM™f«
Xrenoton2Ue could give diiefäionsi to be devoured by
VolverSsT gas o8r Crocodiles, which there fo much
bound, o fall from fteepy rocks and mountains which
£Tto dwell in the aerial Region-, ^h**™ " ^,"
al fpetlacles of deep and profound prec.p.ces, a b°"*«£
nevhable death to thofe that climb up to the m j tote ea£
n uo bv the greedy Earth which there doth often quaKe
"d tremble and hath (onetime, opened her mouth to
liaw in Towns and Cities i to be ftricken with thofe hery
larts of Heavenand thunderbolts, which.nw.nur feafon
hreaten the Rocks and Cedars ; to be mchamed by SatanS
nftruments, Witches and Sorcerers, who there as or their
,wn ground play their pranks more than in the parts ot
^Ädom ¿to be quite blinded with JUm^ Errors and
irfc which have double blinded the purbhnd hea-
henifh Idolaters-, to be wedded to the pleasures and U.
-entioufnefs, which do there allure-, to be glutted with
Spkmi-d daintiesoffim.nem, fowls and ^whiA
Jo tLe entice ; to be puffed up with the fpuie of pnde ana
powerful command and authority over the poor l«á,a»„
Which doth there provoke •, to be tied w,th the Coras of va-
nity and ambition, which there are (Irons i and ^ tal Í to
be glewed in heart and affeäion, to ^,#™«
Pearls and Jewels, whofe plenty there both bind, blind, cap-
tivate and ínflave' the foul. O 1 fay, let «he Lords great
eoodnefs and wonderful providence beobferved, who fut-
Led not an EngW fifangef in all thefe dangers to mifcar-
,y,but was a guide unto him there in all his travels, d.fco-
vered unto hirmas to the fpies in Canon, and as to Jo-
MfcinEgp theproviflon, wealth and riches of that wor d
and fafely guided him back, to relate to England the .ruth
oi wha/no other E# eye did ever yet behold^ From
the month of OS.fc until FeWy 1 dld ?b,de ™*d 0f
friends, and companions, the Fryers under comma Mck
Fryer Coho in that houfe of recreation called St. jacmtbo,
and fromtheoceenjoyed the fight of alfthe Towns M
what elfé was worth the feeing about Maw. But .the

san

■if

I \

187 J New Survey Chap. XIV.

time I was there, I was careful to inform my felf of the
ftate of miippinas, whither my firft purpofes had drawn
me from Spain, It was my fortune to light upon a Fryer
and an acquaintance of fome of my friends, who was that
year siewly come from Manila whither I was going, who
wifhed me and fome other of my friends as we tendred our
iouls and good, never to go to thofe parts, which weie but
fnares and trap doors to let down to hell, where occafi-
ons and temptations to fin were daily many in number,
mighty in ftrength, and to get out oí thtm, labor &opur[
hard and difficult. And that himfelf,had not he by fteaith
gotten away (and thai to fave his foul ) certainly he had
never come from thence ■, who had often upon his knees
begged leave of his fuperiours to return to Span, and
could not obtain it. Many particulars we could not get
from hire, nor the reafons of his coming away s Only he
would often fay, that the Fryers that live there are devils
in private and in thofe retired places where they live a-
mong the Indians to inftmft and teach them, and yet in
pubiick before their fuperiours and the reft of the Fryers they
muft appear Saints, they muft put on the cloak óf hypo-
cilfie to cover their inward devilifoneis, they muft be cloa-
thed with meeps skins though within they be Ittpi rapaces,
ravenous Wolve?, ravening afta their neighbours Wives
and ravening after their neighbours wealth i and yet with
all this unpreparednefs, with this outward, feeming and
frothy fan&ity, and inward helliihnefs and deep rooted
woi^dlinefs and cevttoufnefs, when the fuperiours com-
mand and pleafe to fend them, they muft go in a difgui-
fed manner to Japan or China to convert to Chiiftianii y
thcie people though with peril and danger of their
lives. Many fuch like difcouffes we got out of this Fry-
or, and that ii we went to live there, we muft befubjed:
to the penalties of many Excommunications for trivi.
al toys- and trifles, which the Superiors do lay upon
ihe Confciences of their poor Subjects, who may as ibon
itrive againft the common courfe of nature not to fee
with their eyes, nor hear with their ears, nor fpeak with

their

¡haa XIV. of the Weft-Indies. 1 8 J

eir tongas, as to obferve all thofe things which againft
nfe, reafon and nature with grievous cenfures and Ex-
>mmunications are charged and faftned t upon them
[e told us further of fomc Fryers that had defpatred under
lofe rigorous courfes, and hanged themfeives, -not being
le to bear the burden of an affiled and tormeme^Gon-
ience-, and of others that had been hanged, fornefor
furthering of their rigid and cruel Superiours -, and fomc
^athad been found in the morning hanging with their
ueans at the Cloifter gates, having been found toget-
her in the night, and fo murthered and hanged npet-
her by the true Husband, or by torne other who bare rf-
eóHoa to the Woman. Thefc things feemed to us ve-
y «range, and we perceived that all was not gold that
'littered, nor true zeal of our fouls that earned fo ma-
w from Spain to thofe parts i or if in fome there were at
irft a better and truer zeal than in others, when they
:ame to Philippine and among thofe ftrongtemptations,
we found that their zeal was foon quenched. This rea.
ion moved me and three more of my friends to relent in
our puipofes of leaving America, and going any fur-
ther, for we had learned that maxim, Qm amat perm-
lum.peribit iniüo\máqm tanga fictm, inqmnabitur ab ea'.
He that íoveth the danger, (hall fall and penihm it sand
he ¿hat toucheth pitch (hall be fmeared by it. Where-
fore we communed privately with our felvcs, what coarfe
we might take, how we might that vear return beak to
Spain,™ where we" might abide, if we returned not to
Spain. For we knew, it our Superiour Calvo íhould under*
íiandofour purpofes to go no further he would lay up-
on us an Excommunication to follow him, nay, and that
he would fecure us in a Gloifter prifon till the day and
time of our departure from Mexico. Our refutations
we made a fecret of our hearts-, vet could not I but
impart it to one more fpecial and intimate friend oi
mine, who was an Infi Fryer, named Thomas de uw*
whom I perceived a lmle troubled with io long a jour,
nev as wasat hand» fed found often wifowg he had never
N 4 r c^^?

1 84 A New Survey Chap. Xfl

%™ftPmtsPai" ¿*! as foon as I had acquainted hi,

with what I meant todo, he rcjoyad and Vomifcd

ftay with me. The time was ftort which we had to di;

pole or our felves j, but in that time we addreiTed our ftM

to lome M«wc*« Fryers, and made known unto them cha

lUur Superiour Calvo would give us leave, we woul

willingly ftay at Mexico or in any CloÜler thereabouts un

111 we could better fit our felves to «turn to Spain a^äir

but they being natives and born in that Country diPove

red preicntly unto us that inveterate fpight and ha'tro

which they bare to fuch as came from Spain, they cold

plam.y chat they and true Spaniards born did never agree

and that they knew their Superior would be unwilling tc

admuofusi yet furthermore they informed us that The

thought we might be entertained in the, Province of Gmx

aca where naif the Fryers were of Spain and half Criolian-

and Natives i but in cafe we (hould not fpced there, thei

would warrant us we ihould be welcome to the Province

of Guatemala, where aimoit all the Fryers were of Spain

and did keep under fuch as were Natives born in thai

Country. U did a little trouble us to confidci that Guatem*.

/d was three hundred leagues off, and that we were ¡«no.

rantof theMewwa iongtic, and unprovided of mony and

hories for fo long a journey. But yet we coniidered Phi.

hpptw to be further, and no hopes there of returning ever

again toChnitendomi wherefore we refolved to rely upon

Gods providence, only, and to venture a three hundred

leagues journey with what ftnalj means we had, and to fell

what Books and fmall trifles we had, to make as much mo-

ny as might buy each of us a horfe. But while we were

thus prepaying our felves . feqretly for Guatemala we were

a& glued and diiheaitened with what in the like cafe to

pUrS £app?,ntd\ ,A Fr>'£r of our company named Fryer

■tejer Borrah, witnout acquainting us or any other of his'

Jriends^th what he intended, made a fecret efcape from

us, and C as after we were informed ) took his way alonp to

UunmaU. This io incenfed our Superiour ' Calvo, that

alter great ieatch snd enquiry after him, he betook bimielf

to

ap. XIV. o/ffceWeft-Iadks: 185

hf'viceiov begging Ms affiflance and Proclamation m

,Xw¿* charge, tney had been brought :to«n S£»
WeÄ and a; the fame Kings charge, ought to be car-
A MM» to ?#**£ and che.rcto^.F any Fry-
„ow in the half way (hould recant of his pipote, of go-
™o PM#i«<«, and (hould by flight *f«pe ,rom hi Su-
¿ianftheieft of his company, the fame ought to be

niflied as guilty of defrauding the K logs charges. 1 his
mined as gumy p Stafe ^^ ,,.

tVrwiht ^.'^«rv.thatimmediaielybecomtnan.
daProctmationtobe made agair.ft whofo «»« (hou d
ww of the faid ftwr. 1W/» and (hou d not produce
m to his Highnefs, or would harbour him or any other
rver belonging to ¿Miff»* from that rune forward un-
V he mtps were departed from Acalco 5 and that who-
LverihouUtrefpafsagainftthis Proclamation (hould fuf-
Hmprifonment at hi? Highnefs his ..II and pleafure and
K penalty of five hundred duckats to be paid in at the
W ExAequer. With this Proclamation Calvo began
Alt over us, and to tell us, we were the Kings naves
nde" his conduá, and that if any of; asdurfi leave him
forhe was jealous of moil of us ) he doubted not bu : with
he Viceroy his affiflance and Proclamation he (hould find
,oth us andPrW BorraUo out to our further lhame and con-
ufion. This did very much trouble us, and made my /-
L friend Tboma, de Leon his heart to faint, and his cou-
rage to relent, and utterly to renounce before mefasfor-
mer purpofe of flaying and hiding himCelf j yet he pro-
ved to me, if I wa! ftill of the (ame mm he would
not difcover me-, but feeing his weaknefs, I durft not
trufthim, but made as if I were of his mind. Thus I
betook my felf to the other three of my friends ( oi
whom one was Amonio MtUndm ■ that had been the
:~ - - ' tint

¡,>;. I

m

1 86 A New Survey

Chap/Xi

foft caufc of my coming from Spain) whom I foi
much troubled, doubtful and Bering v^T couS

í^USa0, ecaken and brought back to MM. asF
loners, and forcedly againft our wills to be (hipped to P
¡mm* , they confitad further if they went, what a 1

without any hopesi of ever returning again to Chriftendo,

jet Further they looked upon the Viceroy his Proclama

and thought ,t hard to breakthrough the oppofition a

author* .of fo great a man i and laftly, in the Proc

mauon they beheld the eftimation that Calvo had of thei

as oi flaves and fugitives tobe cryed in a publick M;

ket- place. But after ail thefe ferious thoughts our on

comfort was that Peter Borallo was fafely efcaped, and (

we were informed J had baen met far from Memo ti

veiling alone towards Guatemala. And we thought, wl

inight not we efcapeas well as he> Then I told the

that my rcfolution was to flay, though alone I return*

either to Spain, or took my journey to Guatemala i then

were glad to iee me refolute, and gave their hands that th(

would venture as much as I ihould. Then we fet upon tr

time when we ihould take our flight, and agreed that ever

one ihould have a Horfe in ceadinefs in Mexico, and th<<

the night before the reft of our^ company (Tiould- depai

horn Mexico towards Acapulcoio take (hipping, we ihoul

by two and two in the evening leave St. Jacinth, an,

tóeetin Mexico where our Horfes ftood, and from thenc

let out and travel all that night, continuing our journey fi

the firft twoor ihree nights and réíting in the day time

until we were fome twenty or thirty leagues from Mexico

*orwe thought the next morning Calvo awaking and mif

fang us would not ftop the journey of the reft of his com-

pany for our fake tofearch and inquire after us i or if h<

did, it would be but for one day or two at the moft, till hi

had inquired for us in Mexico, or a days journey in fome ol

thecommon or beaten roads of Mexiw, where we would bi

fire

). XlV. o/ 1 he Weft-Indies: «¿7

kould not hear of us i for we tifo agreed to travel
any common or know road tor the hrft no«ta
f Thisrefolution was by us as well performed and
ion, u it had been arg.eed upon, though fome had
arful that a counfel betwixt four could never be kept
nor ueh a long journey as of 900 miles be compaiftd
¿h mallmeansof mony as was amongtt us, for he
enance of our felves and Borles* for after ou, Horfes
bought, we made a eommon pu.fe, and appointed one

■ Artn fe bearer, and found that amongtt us a 1 there
b„t 20 ducka.s, which in that rich and p ent.fu coun-
ts not much more than here 20/»^-Äli
h feemed to os but as a morning dew which would
be fpent in provender only for our Horfes ; yet we re-
■d to go on, relying more upon the providence of Gjxl,

uponany earthly means i and indeed this proved^
fXtterfupport than all «hedtofs of gold and f.lver
d have done -and we reckoned that after we had tra-
•d 40 leagues from Mexico, and, entred without fear
;theroad, we had for our 20 duckats neer 4° now m

common putfe. The reafon was, for that mod com-
,1, We went either to Fryers Gloifters who knew us

or to rich farms of Spaniards who thought noth.ng
'.ood for us, and would not only entertain us (lately,

¡t our departure would give us mony for one or two
(siourney. Allourfear wasto get fafely out of Mexico

we had been informed that Calvo had obtained from

■ Viceroy officers to watch in the chiefeft roads both day
i night till he had departed with his Train of Fryers

iiaifotM the Viceroy his Proclamation we got a true
d ttufty friend, who offered to guide us out of Mexico by
ch a way as we needed not to fear any would watch
r us. So with our friend and a map about us 10 guide us
ter he had left us, in the morning we cheerfully fit out of
foci™ about ten of the clock at night, about the middle of
ebruary and meeting no body about Guadalupe which was
le way we went out ( though the contrary way to Guate.
'•■'•■ ' malat

»88 A New Survey Chap. X

*A Wuu\°r Purp°fe we folio^d & fear the
nil in the morning we came to a little Town of Indi
wherewebegantofpendof ourfmall Hock, calHng u

reft, that we might be more able to perform the n
nigh» journey, which was to crofs the Country mwa

f!hT^ i5.m? a VaI!e^ of twenty miles about at le

and doth give it the name of the valley of Atlixco, an<

a valley-much mentioned in all thofe parts, for the ,

i «.ceding great plenty of Wheat that k there reaped ev,

year, and is the chief Cuftenance and relief of Mexico a

*H the Towns about. In this valley arc many rich To*

ot Spaniards and Indians j but we founiied to enter ir

them, and went from farm to farm out of the high- wa^

wnere we found good entertainment of thofe rich Famu

ana Yeomen, who bare fuch refpeér unto thePrieftth

tmiy they thought themfdves happy with our compn

Here we begar , to (hake off all fear, and would no mo

lute Bats and Owls the in the night, but that we mlg

Tut a°le P]tZlaKC°W ?he ProfP«a of^at valley, and U

,tnereft of rne Country we travelled by-day, yet írill cro

iing tne Country, we went from thence towards a noth*

valley called the valley of St. Pablo, Pauls valley, whic

though it be not as big as the valley of Atltfa yet is hei

to be a richer valley i for here they enjoy a double harvel

ot Wheat ever year. The firft feed they fow is watered

and grows wich the common feafon raini and the fecon<

ieed which they fow in Summer as foon as their rirft bar

veil is ¿n, when the feafon oirain is paft, they water wit!

many Springs which fall into that valley from the Mourn

tpns which round befet it, and let in the water amona

tfleir wheat at their pleafure,and take it away when the?

fee hi. Here live Yeomen upon nothing but their farms

wno are judged to be worth fome twenty thoufand, fome

thirty thoufand, fame forty thoufand duckats. In this val-

D.X1V. if the Weft-Indies; 18?

¡chanced to light upon one fan» where the Yeoman
count™ I my «end A-ütofata"»

*i "?«?«, who for hi, fake kept us three days and
ts with timV His table was as well furmihed as.he

of a Kriglu might be, his fide-board fui o T.lver
hard cups and plates inftead of trenchers •, he fparea

a ni which might welcome us to his table, no per-
which might delight us in our eta*.,»™»
,ich his daughters were brought up t o ) whlch «"§"
more pkafure help to pafs away.the time. To him
onh Mdendez made known our)Ourney towards Gw-
7a, and from him we received direaions wh.ch way

ee our comfe until we might be throughly freed fom

Sanger: here we began to fee thegreat providence
Sod, who had brought us being «rangers to fucha
ndshoufe, who no? only welcomed us to him, but
,en we departed gave us a guide for a whole day and
lowed upPon u. "twenty ducháis- to help bear our char-
From this valley we wheeled about to Tafeo, a Town

fome five hundred Inhabitants which enjoyeth great
amerce with the Country about byreafon of toe gre.t
Tc( Cotton- wool which is there. And here we _ were
ry well entertained by a Frantifcan Fryer, who being of
Jw made the moreof us, knowing we came from thence.
■re we got into the Road of Guaxaca, and went to
'',mU, which alfo aboundeth with Cotton-wool, but m

we found no entertainment but what our own purles
ould afford us. Next to this place is a great Town cal-
AZ«n,taV, which dothconfiftofat leaft eight hundred
AabitantsT many cf them very rich both Indian, and
LiÄ Their commodities are chiefly Cotton-wool,
nd Sugar, and Cochincl. But beyond this Town are the
fountains called la Mejleca, which abound with many rich
,nd «eat Towns, and do trade with the beft (ilk that is in
ill thatCountry. Here is alfo great flore ofWax and Ho-
iy-,and Indian, live there who traffique to Mexico, ?nd a-
xat the Country with twenty or thirty mules of their own,
chopping and changing,, bujing and Idling commodities.

190 rJNem Survey Chap. ]

and [ome of them are thought to be worth ten, or tv

or fifteen thoufand duckats, which is much for an 2

to get among the Spaniards, who think all the rid

America little enough for themfelves. From thefe M

tains of meca so Guaxaca we faw little óbfervable

Towns of two or three hundred inhabitants i rich Ch!

es well built, and better furniihed within with la

candlctficks, crowns of filver for the feveral ftatuc

baints i and all the way we did obferve a very fruitfu

for both Indian and Spanifh Wheat, much Sugary

Cotton- wool, ÍW and here and there fome Coch

and or Plantins, and other fweet and lufcious fruit f

{tore i but above all great abundance of Cattle, w

Hides are one of the greateft commodities that fromt

parts are fent to Spam. Some reported that about

inca formerly, much gold had been found, and tbe/«¿

were wonttoufe it much, though now they will no

known of any, left the greedinefs of the Spaniards b

them to mifery and deftrjadion, as it hath their nei

bours about them. Alfetft is reported for cercain that tl

are Mines of filver, though as yet the Spaniards have

ioundthern.

There arc many Minc^ of Iron which the Spaniards
not ouííe themfelves in digging, becaufe they have it chf
erfrom Spain ; from hence we came to the City of Gu
acaX which is a Bitfiops Seat, though not very bi*, ye
fair and beautiful Cty to behold. It flandeth threefc
leagues irom Mexico in a plealant valley, from whe;
Cortez was named Marquefs del Valle, the Marquéis of
Valley. This City, as all the reft of America, ( except
Sea Towns) iyeth open without Walls, Bui works,For ts,To
ers,or any Caftle, Ordnance or Ammunition to defend
it may conCúl of at the molt two thoufand Inhabitants, a
are governed by a Spanifh high Juftice called Aha
Major, whofe power reacheth over all the, Valley, a
beyond it as far as Nixapa, and almoft to Tecoantepeq
a Sea Town upon Mar del Zur. The Valley is of at le
fifteen miles in Jcrgth, and ten in breadth, where ru

IK

ip.XlV. ^tkWeft-IndteJ 19'i

in the midft agoodly River yielding great ftore of ift.
Valley is full of Sheep and other Cattd, which yield
fi Wool to the Clothiers of the City of Angus, ftore
[ides to the Merchants of Spain, ^ná great provifion
ih to the City of Guaxaca, and to all the Towns about,
:h are exceeding rich, and do maintain many Cloifters
'rvers,andChurctíes with (lately furniture belonging
) them. But what doth make the Valley of G«*xac*
be mentioned far and near, are the good horfes which
bred in it, and efteemed to be the beft of all the Coun-

In this Valley alio are fome farms or Sugar, and
it ftore of fruits, which two forts meeting together
e cryed up the City of Guaxaca for the beft Cor*
res and Preferves that are made in America. In the
V there are fome fix Cloifters of Nuns and Fryers, all ot
m exceeding rich i but above all is the Cloifterof the
minican Fryers, whofe Church trcafure is worth twa

three millions ; and the building ot it the faireft and
,ngeft in all thofe parts, the Walls are of ftone fo
>ad, that a part of them being upon hmihing when I
^there,IfawCarts go upon them, with ftone and o-
ít matufiáis. Here are alfo two Cloifters of Nuns, which
i talkeríof far and near, not for their religious jraótiles,
t for their skill in making two drinks which are ufed ,

thofe parts, the one called Cbocolatte ( whereof 1 ihall
thereafter) and the other Atolle, which is like unta
ir Almond Milk, but much thicker and is made : ok
4 iuyce of the young Maiz or Indian Wheat, which
iey fo confection with fpkes, musk, «»W;.W

is not only admirable in the iweetnefs of the fmell, but
>uch more nouriihing and comforting to the ftomach.
Els is not a commodity that can be tranfported from
ience, but is to be drunk there where it is made. But the
:her,Aw/^,ismadeupinBoxes,an¿ fent not only to
toxicowd theparts thereabouts, but much of it is yearly
i-anfportedinto Épain. This City of Guaxaca is the richer
y íceaíon of the fafety they enjoy for the carriage «*
heir Coeimodito to and from the Port of St. John ^

Vtkaa

\y% J New Survey Cfiap. XI'

Vlhna by the great River Alvargdo which runneth not I
from if, and although the Barks come not to the City
Guaxaca, yet they come up to the Zapoteen, and to !
lldefonfo, which is not far from Gttaxaca, And the ca]
lefnefs of the Spaniards here is to be woridred at, that
along this River which runneth up into the heart of th
Country, they have bqilt as yet no Cafties, Towers,
Watch- houfes, or planted any Ordnance, fruiting only
this, thai great (hips cannot come up, as if Frigots or fm;
Jgr Barks, fuch'as they themfelves ufe, may not be made
annoy them. But o( Guaxaca I (ball fay no more, but co
elude that it is of fo temperate an air, fo abounding in frui
and all provifiorv requinte for mans life, focommodioul
fituatedbetwecrrrhe North and South Sea, having on tj
North tide St. John deVlhua, and on the South tecoani
pquez frriall and unfortified harbour, that no place I
much delire d to live in whilft I was in thofe parts as
Guaxaca, which cenaiiiiy I had attempted as I travelled I
it, had 1 not underftoed that the Griolian or Native Frye
were many and as deadly enemies unto thofe that came fro
Spajn as were the Mexican r. And this their fpight ar
malice they (hewed whillt we were there, to ananttei
and grave old Fryer 'Matter .in Divinity, who living ha
been for learning the Oracle of thofe pairs. This old ma
died when Í was there, and becaufe when he lived th<
could pick no hole in his Coat, being dead they fearchc
his chamber, and finding in a Coffer fome monies whic
he had not made known to his Superiour when livir
(which they would reduce to a fin againft -his profeflé
poverty, «Hid Propriety, and fnbjecl to the cenfure of Es
communication ) they reported that he had died excon
mumcated, and might not enjoy their Chriftian burial i
the Church or Cloiiter, and fo ignomlniouily buried thei
old Divine, and with him bis Credit and reputation in
grave made in one of their Gardens. A thing much tall
cd on as fcandalous to all the City and Country, which the
ialved with fayifjj^e,was excommunicated •■> but thetrut
was, he was of-Sfimy and therefore at his death the

woul

hap.XlV. o/íkWeíUndies. »9?

«>ld (hew their (plight unto him. Force.tair.1y they could
t doUforth finof Propriety, which by h.m had been
Egdmd in his Ufe •, and to them «I may be well M

flA* three hundred miles from thence. And

£ c£^Ä™ W an order from the high
[umcao give unto Friers travelling that way e.ther horfes
or de on, or to carry their carriages and Paterno
cod freed' without mony, if they had none, Jo that at
tór departure they (hould write .t down in the Town-
,00k wha "hey had (pent, not abiding above four and
tru™m in the Town-, which expences of travellers,
ASA the years end oftheir or *nary

Ä onged, and b, fo doing thefe expences were al-
owedofto bedifcharged by «he common Town-Pu fe o
Wure, for the which a common plat of ground wa, al-
to ed o be yearly fown with Wheat or Mat*. VV«h
techaritable relief and help of the Towns We conceiv-
ed better of the reft of our long journey, and hoped
ocompafUt with more eafe. And fo |oyfu U, ,we wen
on and the hrft place where we made tryal of this or-
der was ul. Town called **«* where we
teWcaU d fa o« fowls, and what other provifion we
¿win the Town, fed heartily on them, and .he : next day
when we were to pay and to depart, we called fa Ao

«94 rA New Sumy Chap: XH

Town-book, fubfcribed our hands to what we had fpe
our felvesand horfes, and went our way, praifing the di
cretioii of the Ju/lices of that Country, who had fetled
courfe fo eafie and comfortabe for us, efpecially who hi
but (hallow purfes for our long journey. Yet we four
m lome froall Towns that the Indians were unwilling, ar
C as they alledged ) unable to extend this Charity to us, b
ing four in company, and bringing with us the chart
likewife of four horfes, which made us fometimes mal
the longer journey that we might reach unto fome gre;
and rich Town. The next to Antiquera in that Road
Nixapa, which is of at leaft eight hundred Inhabitant
Spamards and Indians, ftanding upon the fide of a Rive
which we were informed was an arm of the great Riv<
Alvarado. in this Town is a very rich Cloifter of Dom
mean Filers, where we were well entertained j and in
there is a picture of our Lady, which fuperftitioufly th<
fancy to have wrought miracles, and is made a pilgrima*
from far and near, and confequently hath great riches an
lamps belonging unto if. This is counted absolutely or
of the wealthieft places of all the Country of Guaxaca* fc
here is made much Indigo, Sugar, Cochinil j and here groi
many trees of Cacaco, and Achiotte, whereof is made tí
Cboeolatte, and is a commodity of much trading in thol
parts, though our Englijh and Hollanders make little of
when they take a prize of it at Sea, as not knowing the ü
cret virtue and quality of it for the good of the ftomad
From hence we went to Aguatuko and Capalita, alf
great Towns (landing upon a plain Country full of Shee
and Cattel, abounding with excellent fruits, efpeciall
Fines and Sandia sy which are as big as Pumpions, and Í
wateriih that they even melt like fnow in the mouth, an.
cool the heat which there is great, by reafon itisalov
and maiftV kind of ground, lying near the South-Sea. Th
riext chief Town and moft confiderable after Capalita i
Imantepeque'i this is a Sea Town upon Mar delZur^m
a harbour for fmall vefTek fuch as Trade from thofe pari
to Acapnia and Mmeo> and to Realejo and GuatemaL

and

-hap. XIV- of the Weft-Indies: í p J

md fometimes to Panama. Here upon fome occafions Ships
vhich come from Peru to Acapulco do call in. it is a Port
10 farther fafe, than that no EngUJh or Holland Ships do
•ome thereabouts, which if they did, they would there find
io refiflance, but from thence would find an opsn and eafie
load over all the Country. Upon alt this South-Sea fide
rom Acapulco to Panama, which is above two thoufand
nilesby land there is no open harbour, but this for Guax-
ica and La Trinidad for Guatemala, and Realejo for Ni*
-aragua, and Golfo de Salinas for fmall veffels in Cofia Rica*
ind all thefe unprovided of Ordnance and Ammunition, all
Dpen doors to let in any Nation that would take the pams
io furround the World to get a treafure. This Port ot
Tecoantepeme is the chief for fiihing in all that Country -,
we met here in the ways fometimes with fifty, fometimes
with a hundred mules together laden with nothing but fait-
MhfoiGuaxaca, the City of Angels and Made*. There arc
fome very rich Merchants dwell in it, who trade with
Mexico, Peru, and Pbilippinas, fending their fmall veflels
out from Port to Port, which come home richly laden with
the Commodities of all the Southern or Eaftern parts.
From hence to Guatemala there isa plain Road along the
Coaft of the South- fea, paffing through the Provinces of S§-
conuzco and Sucbutepeque's, but we aiming at Chapa took
our journey over the high Rocks and Mountains called
Quelenes, travelling firft from fecoantepeqtte to Ejitpeque,
m from thence through a defert of two days journey,
where we were fain to lodge one night by a fpflng ¡Of wa-
ter upon the bare ground in open wide field?, where nei-
ther Town nor Houfe is to be feen •, yet thatcht lodges are
purpofely made for travellers. This plain lyeth foopen to
the Sea, that the wind from thence blows fo ftrongly and
violently that travellers are fcarceable to fit their horles
and mules-, which is the reafon no people inhabit there,
becaufe the winds tear their houfes, and the leaft fire that
there breaks out doth a great deal of mifchief. This Plain
vet is full of Cattel, and Horfes, and Mares, fome wild,
ibme tame, and through this windy Ghampaigp Coun-

s 9¿ 4 New Survey Chap/ X

try with much ado we travelled^ though my fclf thoi
I íhould even there end my days, for the fecond day b
to reach to a Town, and my three friends riding bel
thinking that I followed them, evening now drawin
they made morehaft to find the Town. But in the rr
while my horfe refufed to go any further, threatnlna
lie down if I put him to more than he was able. I kr

walk and lead my horfe, who alforefufed tobe led
fplay down. With this a troop of thoughts, befet m¿
to none I could give a flat anfwer. 1 thought if I (he
go on foot to hnd out the Town and my company ¡
leave my Horfe there faddied, I might both lefemy
andmyhoifcand fadd!e;and if I Hiould find the Tc
and come in the morning for my Horfe, the plain i
fo wide and Co fpacious, that I might fcek long enough, ;
neither hnd him, nor know the place where I fcft h
for there was nothing near to mark the place, nor wfc
to hide the faddle, neither hedge, tree, ihrub, withi
mile cji any fide Wherefore I confldered my belt coi
would be to take up my lodging in the wide and open v
dernefs with my horfe, and to watch him left he too
wander and fir ay away, until the morning or until
friends might fend from the Town to fee what was
come of me i which they did not that night, thinkin
had taken my way to another Town not far from ther
whithet they fent in the morning to enquire for r
I looked about therefore for a commodious place to ¡
in but found no choife of lodgings, every where Í fou
abedreadyforme,whichwas the bare ground, a boll

W?1^^ my hea* a,idr^ing no ba
dtdktndly offer it fclf to eafe a foft íhanger, and pügri
I unfaddlcd my weary Jade, and with my faádle rifted ,
head inftead of a pillow. Thus without a (upper I w<
to bed in my Mothers own bofom, not a iittk comfo
ed t ,fcc ¡my tired horfe pluck up his fpirit* and ma
much of his (upper, which there was ready' for him,
■oort,.dry and withered, grafs, upon which he fed with

grce<

¡hap. XIV. of the Weft- Indies. 197

reedy and hungry ftomach, promifmg me by his feeding
lac the next day he would perform a journey of at kaft
irty or forty miles. The poor bead ted apace, my
irefal eye watched him for at kaft an hour, when upon
fudden I heard fuchan hideous noife of howling, bark-
,-r and crying, as if a whole Army of dogs were come rn-
, the Wildemefe, and howled for want of a prey oí fome
cadhorfeormule. At firft the noife feerned to be a pret-
/way ofFfromme,butthe morel hearkned unto it, the
Ucr it came unto me, aud I obferved i it was not of
ogs by fome intermixt ihriekings as of Chriftians, which
perceived in it. An obfervation too fad for a lone man
without any help or comfort in a Wildernefs, which made
By hair to ftand upright, my heart to pant, my body to be
overcd with a feaiful fweat as of death. I «peéfced no-
hing elfe, not knowing from whence the noife proceed-
d> fometimes I thought of Witches, fometimes of de-
Efc fometimes of Indians turned into the ihape of heal ts,
• which amongft fome hath been ufed ) fometimes of wild
tnd favagebeafts, and from all thefe thoughts I promifed
nylelfnSthiDgbut fure death, for the which I|P^
mfclfrecommendingmyfoultothe Lord, whilft 1«-
x&tá my body ihould be a prey to cruel and mercies
jeafts i or fome inftruments of that roaring Lyon who in
the Apoftle goeth about feeking whom he may devour. I
thought I cbuld not any ways prevail by flying or run-
ning a way, but rather might that way run my felt into the
jaws of death; to hide there was no place, to lie ft ill I
thought was fafeft, for if they were wild beans, they
might follow their courfe another way from me, and >o
I might efcape. Which truly proved my fafceft courfe,
for while Hay fweating and panting, judging every cry,
every howling and ihrkking as an alarm to nay death,
being in this agony and fearful conflict till about ^ mid-
night, on a fudden the noice ceafed, fíeep (though but
the (hadow of death ) feized upon my wearied body,
and forfookmenot, till the mornings glorious lamp íhi-
nina before my (lumbering eyes and driving away de«ns
Q 2 mm'M

BB

■p.

tp8 J New Survey Chap. XIV:

fliadow greeted me with life and fafety. when I awaked
my foul did magnifie the Lord for my deliverance from
that nights danger, I looked about andfaw my horfe alio
near the place where Í had left him * I fadled him prefent-
ly with defire to leave that wildernefs and to find out my
company, and to impart unto them what that night had
happened unto me i Í had not rid above a mile, when I
came to a brook of tvater, where were two ways, the one
ftraight forward along the defert, where I could difcover
no Town, nor houfes, nor trees in a profpecl: of five or
fix miles at leaft* the other way was on the left hand, and
that way, fome two or fhree miles off I faw a wood of
trees, Imagined there might be the Town i I followed
that way, and within a quarter of a mile my horfe began
"to complain of his poor Provender the night before, and
toilight me for it & 1 was fain to light and lead him i and
tnus again difcouraged with my horfe, and difcomforted
lor the uncertainty of my way, looking about I fpied a
thatcht houfe on the one fide of the way, and one on horfe-
bacrf, who came siding to me i it was an Indian belong-
ing to that houfe which was the farm of a rich Indian, and
Governour of the ne^t Town, of whom I asked how far
it was tome Town oí Eflqeqw, he (hewed me the trees
and told me that a little beyond them it flood, and that Í
Ihould not fee it until I came unto it. With this I got
up again and ípurred my fullen, jade, until! reached un-
to the trees, where lie was at aftand and would go no fur-
ther Then I urifaddled him, and hid my faddle under fome
low throbs, and leaving my horfe C whom I feared not that
any would ileal him ) 2 walked unto the Town which was
not above half a mile frortfthence, where I found my three
friends were waiting for me, and grieved for thelofsof
rae, had fent to another Town to enquire for me i it was
the leaft thought they had that I had been a lodger in the
defart. When I related unto them and to the Indians the
noife and howling that I had heard, the Indians anfwered
me that that was common mufick Co themalmoft every
Highland that they were Wolves and Tygers which they

feared

:hap. XIV. of the Weft- Indies: ip9

Ired not, but did often meet them, and with a flick or
5towSdSll«.c them away, andthat they were only
v nous for their Fowls, Colts, Calves or Kids. After a

íkdtourfclictu^

idfaddle andin that Town I fold my wearied Mexican
^aK^nOthetto Wmm* whither we went
i four friends again in company. Where note tha in thi
lain and champaign Country of ImmUpf 2 \tZ
chand pleafant Towns full of fruits and P^on^
■ual,all endinginrOT«€,towit, IwMtpeqte, ttgM
SEA* í¿» and ^panatepeqne.Now ^r0m E-
SS* couÄ'ver the high mountains of fetenes
¿¡A were the fubjeft of molt of our difcouríet tfmr
WW, and from thence to 7apanatepeque. Fot^&M*
eSormedby «ftiMKi and Travellers in the way, that
y were the moft dangerous Mountains to travel over
J were in all thofe parts* and that there ¡were on the
opofthemfomepaffagesib narrow, and fo high, and io
ipen to the boifterous winds that came from the South-
ed which feemed to lie at the very bottom of them ;, and
.neach-Cdeofthefenarrowpaffages fuch deep -0»W
imon£ft rocks, that many times it had happened that the
vTnd blowing furiouily had caft down Males laden with ^
leavy carriages down the rocks, and likewife horfe-men
,ad been blown down both Horfeandman. The light
Df the rocks and Mountains did terrifie us, and the report
U them did much affright us, fo that in ail this way we did
:onfer which way to take, whether the road way to Giw-
temate which lieth under thofe mountains along the coait
by the Country of Soconuzco, from whence ( tnough out
of our way ) we might have turned to Cbiapa; 01 whe-
ther we ihould fteer our right courfe to Chiapa, over thole
Mountains, which we had been informed, we might late-
ly pafs over if the winds did not blow too boifterouily. We
refolved that when we came to fapanatepeque we fliouid
choofe our way accordingas the winds did favour or threat-
en us, but however to Cbiapa we would go, becaufe there
we had undeiftood was the Superiout and Provincial ot all
04 the.

loo J New Survey Chap. XIV

the Dominicans of thofe parts, ( to whom we ought to ad
drefs pur felvcs ) and alio becaufe we would fee that fa
nious and much talk'd of Province of CbUpa. In Sánate
teqm we met with a Frier, who gave us aately entertain
merit, and from thence gave us Indians to guide us to 7a
panatapeque, and a letter to the chief of the Town ( whicl
aifo was at his command ) to give us Mules to carry us, am
Indians to guide us up the Mountains. Hete the reft of ou
Horfcs alfo failed us, but their wearinefs was no hinderanci
to us, for the Indians were willing to give usas much o
more (han they hadcoftus, becaufe they were true Mexicai
breed, and all the way we went to Cbhpa and through tha
country to Guatemala the Towns were to provide u
of Mules for nothing. We came to Tapanatepequ
( which ftandeth at the bottom and foot of gueknes ) or
Saturday-night, and with the letter we carryed were ven
much welcomed and entertained wtH by the Indians.

This Town is one of the fweeíeíí and pleafameft of am
we had feen from Gnaxaca thither, and it feerns Goi
hath replemllied it with, all forts of comforts which Tra.
vellers may need to alcend up thofe dangerous and fteepj
rocks. Here is great plenty of Cattle for rleifo, and rich In
dians which have farms, called there Ejlamia't, in fom<
a thoufand, in fome three or four thoufand head of Cat-
teH fowls here are in abundance, fifli the beft (lore anc
choiceft of any Town from Mexico thither i for the Sea i;
hard by it.and be lides there runneth by it a fmall River whicl
yields divers forts of riih. From the Mountains there fal
iomany fprings of water, that with them the Indians wa-
ter at their pleafure their Gardens which are tfored with
much herbage and fallets. The (hade which defends frorr
rhe heat ( which there is great ) is the Daughter of moil
fweet and goodly fruit trees, and of Orange, Lemon.
Citron and Fig leaves. The Sabbath morning was fc
calm that we defired to make ufe of it, left by longer de-
lays the winds mould ¿lay us, or force us to theCoaftoi
Soconufco. But the Indians intreated us to be their guefti
at ¿inner, not doubting but the weather would hold,

and

m XIV. o/tfce WcMndies. iol

i momiCnz us to provide us ftrong and lufty Mules,
ffiot ftuits, and fried filh or Fowls or whit
fe ves deGred. We could not refufe thts their k.nd
., Vna fo flayed dinner with then,. After dinner our
Is were brought, and two Indians to gu.de us and a -
our proviGon, which was fome tried hfti and a cold
21 Capon, with fome f.uit as much as might fuffice us
a day, for the chief afcent and danger >s not above fe-
t leagues or one and twenty E«gh¡h m.es, and then be-
,nd the top of the Mountains three miles is one of the
:heft farms for Horfes, Mules, and Ca.tel, in all « to
ountry of Cbiapa, where We knew we Ihould be wel-
Led by one Vcn John it toledo, who then hved there.
Wh thefe Mountains (hew themfelves with feveta
,„p Vmted heads, and are many ,oyned together, yet
ne of them is only mentioned in that Country by the tra-
elters, which is called Maqmlata, over which lyeth
he way to Cbiapa. To this high, fteepy, and craggy
Uaamllpa we took out journey after dinner, and were by
he proud Mountain that night well entertained ^nd
.arboured in a green plat of ground refembhng a meadow,
Zhfch lay as a rib of the one flde of that huge^nd more
than Pyrlnian monfter. The Indians comforted us with
the (hews of fair weather, and told us that they doubted
not but the next day at noon we Ihoutd be at Den John
de U his EM** or farm. With this «#B|I«>
fupper upon the green table-eloth, and at that firft meal
eat up ouV Capon and moft of the prov,Gon of our cold
fried hih, leaving only a bit for our mornings breakfaft,
the fprings of water like Conduit-pipes, trickling down
the rocks, gave us melodious mufick to our fupper-, the
Indians fed merrily, and our Mules contentedly, and fo
the fountain Nymphs fung us afleep till morning, which
feemed to us as calm and quiet as the day betore, and
encouraged us haftily to fnatch that bit which we nad
left and fo up from breakfaft, to ray merrily, up to Ma-
qmUpa. We had not winded the Mountain upwards much
above a mile, when the higher we mounted, the more we

heard

r

202 rJNem Survey Chap. XI

heard the wind from above whittling unto us, and forb

/ jUS Lt0r ,8° ,any further' We were now halfway i

and doubtful what we ihould do, whether go forward

return to Tapanatepeque to eat more fifli, or to ftay wh<

we were a while until the weather were more calm/ whi

we thought might beat noneor towards evening. The 2

dims tola us that about a mile further there was a founta

of water, and a lodge made under trees on purpofe f

Israveilers that were either benighted or hundred by tl

winds to compafs their journey up the mountain. Thith

we went with much ado, hoping the wind would fall, b,

MS the higher we climbed, the ftronger we felt the breai

of Jtolus, and durft not like the people called FfiHi ( ,

whom Hitoäom writeth) march againft him, left as they ir

liead or a viäory found a grave in the fands where the

met tooppofe him, io we Mead of afcending ihould by

furious blaft be made to defcend into thofe deep and horri

precipices which truly threatned death, and offered them

\x?V°j, a.grave unt0 our Corn ar3d mangled bodiei
We liked the fountain very well, and the lodge better, fo
J he harbour of trees which compaffed it about. The wini
kept on breathing, and we flood Hill fearing, till the dai
was fo far fpent that we had no hopes of going back,ol
forward. Of any fupper we defpaired that night, whc
would have been glad now to have picked a bone of a
Capons leg or to have fucked a fifties head, and faw there
was nothing for us i but only to feed our hungry ftomachs
: with the remembrance of the plenty the night 6efore. Thus
gazing one upon another, and fometimes looking down to
«he fountain, fometimes looking up to the trees, we per-
ceived amongft them a Lemmon tree, full of fmall and ve-
ry fower green Lemmons. It was not with us as with 7^«-
talus who could neither enjoy the fruit above him, nor the
waters beneath him ; we could and did moil greedily catch
and fnatch the Lemmons, which were faucefor no meat,
but only to fill an empty ftomach •, with them we fupped
and took our reft. The next morning the Wind was ra-
ther ftronger than calmer, and we as ftrong the fecond day

as

p. XiV. of the Weft-Indies; ioj

£ fitft in our purpofe of flaying there, and not turning
,acks like Cowards. The Indians were alio wi ling
y yet one day longer-, fo we fell to our break faft of
mom which were fomewhat cool to a fafting ftomach
reliihed nothing the better with a draught frotn the
• fountain; And of what we left on the tree we made
dinner and f upper, adding to our water wh at wefaw
Indians did drink, who had their fmall b gs ful of
rder, and when they travel, carry with them Jhit
rder to drink with Water. This we thought might
more nouriihing to us, than Lemmons and water only
fo for that day we bought of them half a bag full of
irder giving for it in our want and neceffity four Ryals,
wo Englijh (hillings, which out of Maqmlapa and that
fear of ftarving might not be worth above a peny i
I yet this was but weak nourifhment for our feeble bo-
s. Thus we waited all Tuefday for the laying ¡of ihe
ind, refolvingthe next morning either to go up the hill,
down again to lapanatepeque. But on Wednefday morn-
| the wind feeming to be fomewhat laid, we purpofed
nay till noon hoping then it would be fure travelling*
it it ceafed not but rather increafed a little-, whereupon
ie of our company refolved to go upwards a mile or two
i foot, and try the paffages,and the danger of the wind,
id to bring us word again i for we thought our fear might
i greater than the danger, who had heard much talk, but
ad not as yet feen any thing worth our fear. Up there-
>re went our friend, who ftaid from us near two hours,
nd then returning back he told us he thought we might
et up leading our Mules by the Bridles. But what with
arther queftions and debates the time pafled away, fo that
ve thought it might be too late i and for that day we
>ut off our journey until the next morning refolutely pur-
ging to go forwards altogether, if the wind were not
nuch increafed. So that day we fell again to our green
:rabbyLemmons, Water and Maiz powder, all which we
found had much weakned our bodies, and feared if we con-
tinued these any longes they might haften our death.

Where-

204 J New Survey Chap. XP

Wherefore on Thurfday morning ( the wind being as I
day before) commending our felves firft unto the prot
Ction of that Lord whom the winds and fea obey, v
mounted upon our Mules (leaving our names writu
in the basrk of a great tree, and the days we üayed thei
without food ) and fo went upward. We perceived n
great danger in the wind a great while, but fome fteps an
paffages upon ftony rocks we feared for the narrownei
of them, and there we lighted, thinking our felves fafi
upon our own two feet, than upon the four feet of a beai
But when we came up to the very top of Maquilaba ( whic
iignifces in that tongue, a head without hair ) we percej
ved truly the danger fo much talked of, and wiihed ou
felves again with our green Lemons in the way to fM
natepeque^oi we found it indeed a head without hair, a toi
without a tree or branch to ftielter a fearful Traveller ; th
paffage that lierh open to the fea maybe no more than ;
quarter of a mile, but the height and narrownefs of it ftu
piheth, for if we look on the one fide, there is the wide an<
ipacious South-iea lying fo deep and low under if, tha
it dazleth the eyes to behold it % if we look ontheothe
fide, there are rocks of at lead fixorfeven miles depth
whofe fight doth make the ftouteft and hardea hean
( though like themfelves ) to quake and quiver j fo thai
here the fea expe&s to fwallow, there the rocks threaten
to tear with a downfal, and in the midit of thofe dangers
in fome places the paiTage is not above an ell broad. We
needed better cordials for that quarter of a mile than feed-
ing three days upon green Lemons and water, and durii
not man our felves fo much as to go through it upon our
Mules i we lighted and gave the Indians our Mules to lead,
and we followed them one by one, not daring to walk up-
right for fear of head-giddinefs with looking on either fide,
but bowing our bodies we crept upon our hands and feet as
near unto the tracks which beafts and travellers had made
as we could without hindering our going. And when we
had got to the end of that paltage, and where the moun-
tain was broader, and the trees proroifed relief, we then

looked

lap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies; 105

ted back boldly, and accufed of folly both out flw
hS other Travellers that fought no other way though

miles about, to avoid that danger both for man and
^ From -hence joyfully we mtde haft to Von Jen

idei who made us welcome and gave us fome
;1 bt'ath to comfort our ftomachs, which were fo weak
Ho fooner *d ™ <*< »»* thing, but p.efen ly we
Í it up again i till after many fups of broth and wine we

overed ftrength towards night and eat our .uppers :
«e we ftayeftwo days i and thus throughly refieihed
went to Acópala, a very great Town of 1«^ .n
Province of Chiapa, ftanding by the fame rive, that
ffetn by Ciiapa, which is called Chiapa de Alf«
tlwofthe Indian,, to diftinguiih .t from another Ch,-
^called ChiapaKeal the Royal Chiapa, or Chafa At
■LnoU, Chiapa of the Spaniard,. From AcapaU we
tt m "etapa oUtelldian,, which ftande.h almoft

Tow as MaqJapa is high, feated upon a nver as broad

lis the tJw « to**, which N* : lts f5?s *%?

he Mountains called C«te««/«»M, in the toad from Cfa-
&lg3 to Gímala, and 1 runs towards the Province
liZoL, where it entreth into the River of Tabafco,
But of this Chiapa I will fpeak a little more in the next
Chapter, and now only fay that here we were joyfully en-
tertained by thofe Friers, who looked upon us as members
belonging to the Corporation of that their Province, and
affured us that the Provincial and chief Superiour would
be verv glad of our coming, who wanted Spamjh Friers
to oppofe theCrioliansand Natives who drove to get a
head as they had done in Mexico and Guaxaca. Here we
underftood that the Provincial was not above one days
journey from the,*e. Heve alio we met with our friend
Peter BoraUe, who had come before us alone, and made his
cfcapefrom Mexico ', he comforted us much with the good
and kind ufage which he had found there ; yet he told us how
Calvo was gone with the reft oí his train from Mexico
to Acapnia, and from thence «as Ibipped with than to
Philippine ; but that at his departure hehad writ a letter of

1 1>6 rA New Survey Chap. XI

bitter complaints unto the Superiour oíChiapa and Gu

mala agamíí him and us four, defiring the Provincial noi

entertain us, but to fend us back to Mexico, to be (hip

from thence the next year unto Philippine ; which le

was not regarded, but much flighted by the Provine

After we had been a week feafied in Chiapa, we though

now fit to prefentour felves to the Provincial ( whofe na

was Frier Peter Alvarez ) that from him we might rece

judgment, and know whether we ihould ftay in that P

vince, or be forced to return to Spain, for in no other p

of America we could be entertained We found the P

vincial in a little Town called St. Chrifiopher, bttm

Chapa of the Indians and the Royal Chiapa, recreating hi

felf in the fiiady walks, which are many fweec and pl(

fant in that fmall Town i where alfo there is (tore offi

and great abundance of rare and exquUite fruits. He í

tcrtained us very lovingly with fair and comfortable won

with a (lately dinner and fupper, and before we went

bed, to ihew his humility he did unto us what Chrift

his Difdples, he waihed our jfeet. The firfl day he fa

little or nothing unto us concerning our continuing in th

Country, but the next day he difcovered unto us his fi

refolutions, with many wife and cunnnig fophifras. F

firfthe read unto us the letter which Calvo had writ un

him againft us,gloffing upon it how ill we had done info

faking our firft love and calling to Philippine, andthedai

ger many Indian fouls might be in by reafon of our not gi

Ing thither to convert and inftrud them, whofe gifts ar

abilities he fuppofed might have been more profitable an

comfortable to thofe fouls, than thofe who in our ftead an

abfence ihould be fent amongft them. And fecondly, I

told us how we had fruftrated the King of Spains goo

hopes of us, who had allowed us means and main(enan<

from Spain to Mexico, hoping that by us many fouls c

Indians in Philippine might be fa ved. Thirdly, he tol

us that he looked upon us as his prifoners, in whofe powe

it was to imprifon us, and to fend us prifoners to Mexico t

the Viceroy, to be íhipped from thence to Manila, accoi

din

äp: XIV. o/tkWcft-Indies: xof.t

, to Calvo his demand. But for the prefer* he would
let us know what he meant to do with us ; Only he
us not be difcouraged, but to be merry and recreate
felves, and that after dinner we íhóuld know more
n him, when he had received an anfwer to a Letter
ichhe had writ unto the City of Chiapa concerning the
Dofat of our perfons. Thefe reafonings of the grave
I old Provincial not a little fadded our hearts i for the
5 of Souls, the King oí Spain his intentions and charity
irzed upon us, and imprifonment fpoke of by the by
re words which feemed of a very high (train and fo
jld hardly be digefted by us ; this mornings breakfaft had
ite taken away from us our ftomach to our dinner. And
js we departed from theprefencc of the venerable Frier
ter Alvarez, and betook our felves to a ihady walk un-
rOranae trees belonging to the houfe where this Su-
riour was. In this (hade we conferred with our felves
>on the words of Alvarez, and finding them of fo
ah a nature, as involving fouls, a King and imprifon-
,ent, we thought verily we ihould be fent back to Mexico*
id from thence like fugitive flaves be forced to Philip-
nas. Here my hopes of ever more feeing England were
>ft h Antonio Mekndez his heart panted, wiihed himfelf
gain upon the higheft top of Maquilapa i another wiihed
imfelf with old Calvo at Sea (ailing to Manila, though
t were but to help him fcrape his rufty Gammons of

lacon.

The motion was made to make an elcape from Alvar ez^
is we had done from Galvo ', but to this anfwer was made,
hat whitherfoevcr we went, not knowing the Country*
jte (hould be difcovered j and that put cafe the worft, we
[hould be fent to Mexico, we might better efcape in the
way, than there where we were. At laft Í. told the reft,
that I could conceive no hard nor harih ufage from that
failing and loving countenance of the Provincial, nor af-
ter that his low and humble ad of wafhing our feet the
night before i and that I thought verily he wiihed us well
for having comeío far to offer our felves for fellow labou-
rers

:

log

— — — ■— mm
y New Survey Chap. XP

rers in that harveft of foals belonging to his charge, at
whom we knew warned fuch as we were newly come fro
Spain to oppofe the Criolians or Natives faérion in th
Province ialledging furthermore rhe example of our frier
and companion Peter Borallo, whom he had already inco
porated into that Province, and could do no lefs with i
without partiality and acceptation of perfons. And lai
ly my opinion was, that in cafe we ought not to be ei
tertained there, yet the Provincial would not fend us ba<
to Mexico, there to be difgraced and affronted, but wou
give way unto us to return to Spain, or whither elfe v,
would, with fome relief and mony in our purfc
WhiJft we were thus troubled, and in this fad and feriw
difcourfe, old Alvarez it feems had been eying of us froi
his window, and as Jojepb could not long fupprefs an
keep in the expreffions of a loving and tender heart unl
his brethren h (o this good Superior perceiving that vs
were troubled with what he had faid unto us, fent his con
panion unto us to comfort us ¿ which we eahly perceive
by his difcourfe when he came unto us. For as foon as i
came he asked us, why we were fo fad and melancholy > r
fold us, the Provincial alfo had obferved that we wei
troubled. But fa id he, be of good chear i be confident th;
the Provincial wiiheth you very well, and needeth fuch s
you are, and having come into his Dominion to tru
your felves upon his mercy, by harih and unkind ufage h
will not do what Martial Law forbids a hard hearte
Soldier to do unto his enemy upon fuch terms. Many fuc
comfortable words did he fpeak unto us i and told us fui
ther that the Provincial had been much cenfured by th
Criolian party for entertaining of Peter Borallo; and tha
now they would fiir worie, feeing four more come to weak
en their Fádion i and therefore he defired to be we
advifed concerning us, and to carry our bufinefs with iuc
difcretion, as might give little offence to thofe wh
were apt to judge and cenfufe the beft of all his aclton!
And hnaliy he did allure us, that we ihould never be fee
back as Prifoners to Mexico by the Provincial^ who i

^ caí

hap XIV • í/tk Weft-Indiesi 109

C»»*o**«g ~ in, the loving, failing,
;rfr; y coa— cTcf the good Provincia, did chear
Ln all the chear that waited foi us upon the
K c" e al di£ a» which were feafoned «° our
al te w h the fauce of the comfort, wh.eh the Pxo-

Tfi.h wic'h ÄÄ* w« Vet to us .
nd hih, with trans an wclcome, fot what

Td STÄ* become a Noble-mans «-
:oming to him. "'n"C^{.l"s with us round about, fay-

¿KA"*' but itW£ Tro'thTt

we judged would be to us more profitable A*?,»
than to «in pounds, and our lofings we valued not, be-
fides we w "^confident all went well with us, «*»ftom
the faCr of the Dice, we might <*#*»&$«£
which with many weary journeys gÄJT-^S
above four hundred miles The Ipo.t ^ ^ g

íyte t elofa, that'his very loffes might fpeakumo us
what through policy and difcretion he would not utter with
wordsYetweboldly challenged our winnings,wh.ch as foon
Twe had ended our game were now furely confirmed un-
romby theret«tn of In UXm. meifen^who thatmornrng

%\o 'A Nop Survey Chap; XIV

had been fent to the City of Cbiapa for advice and coun
ki from the Piior and the chief of the Gloiftcr concernid
our difpofat, and now was returned with an anfwer fron
the Prior, who in his letter cxpreffed great jo^ unto th
Provincial lor cur coming, and í o from the reft of the Se
niors oftheCioiiter, and did earneftly beg oftheSuperi
our, that he would fend us to him to be his guefts, fo
that our cafe had been his own fome ten years before \ fo
he bad alio at Mexico forfakeo his company to Vbilipfmai
and lied to Guatemala, where for his learning and gooi
parts he had been as a it ranger much envied by ihe Crioli
an fa&iofi i but now he hoped he ihould have fome to fid
with him againft inch as fpighted and maligned him
Old Alvarez, was much taken with his letter, and told u
he muft pay what he had loft, and that the next day h
would fend 'us to Cbiapa thereto abide till he took fur
fher csre of us, to fend us toother parts of the Country, t\
.lea in the Imitan languages, that we might Preach unti
them. This difcourfe being ended, we berook our felve
again to the Garden which fmelk more of comfort thai
before dinner, and to our fhady walks which now orYere<
usa fafer protection than they had done in the forenoon
countenancing that protection which we had gained fron
the Provincia!.

Htre we began to praife God, who had looked upon u,
in our low eftate, not forgetting the wife and politic!
Provincial, who though he had loft his games for our com
fort, we would not he ihould lore cur prayers, which ther
we offered up to God for his health and fafety. An<
fo till fupper time we continued our difcourfe in th
Garden fuller of mirth and pleafant jefti, than we ha<
done before dinner, matching now and then at the Oran
g.es and Lemons which were there both '(bur anc
fweer, eating of fome, and caiiing fome one at another
but cfpecially at him who had wiOied himfelf with Calv
drefíing 'his rufty Bacon, whom we ftrove to beat out of th
garden by fc*ce of Orange and Lemon bullers \ whicl
iport we continued the more willingly, becaofe we percei

ve

211

hapXlV . o/tfeWeíl-Indies¿

a th; good Provincia, j*j^¿K£Ü!%

"J bÄ? Vha/nSfr beaten his Wend
rht and merry, we im founded a re*

" °( ,he f H "and Ä SÄ O S o- heft friend
eat to us all, and c ¡ea 8 n ^ (hlt t

'WreS AtofuPPe he tu u that «he next morning he
Don. After lupper ^ne w h d WHt un. .

,ould fend us to £#£ for «hat the t> ^ ^ ^

Í to£ja rtKwta" w£h wl eonceited very high-
own called St 1W . , w and were fo.

, of our felve, (o«fm¿ we wtnt t0 bed, the
,rward to fea t us. Kef b> ore ^

,rovincial would try agama &at Tab ^ ^ ^
y one of us i to tee it njw

Lntoo hard for h^~- ™/X w*«h« * * <«*
vas now altered, and what WE *» ,fo ¿which ray

>,ovinc!al wot), we were to b. m P«l°neif - ^ u ,Jn
ta, we ««d-ftood«ot ttlthe ..ex^da fortheo

when he lilted, tor k" . box ot

bles ) but if we won of feM«» °' wd,_ The
CM*», whieh was a drink we HKeü very
0ame went on, and we every onsflf us one oy
,ofers, yet underfiood not how we unoutf b teg ,

íhould find them ia^^f^Ä..^ but
derftood not h,s W^^&^ g¿ and mirth,
ESS S wK„dhisWaturfePhad come from

hÍmW„h this we took our tá¿**¿ Sefof

%\i A New Suney Chap. XIV

us, and at lean a dozen Indians on horfe back waited ft
us to conduce us up a fieep hill and through woods to tl
Town of St. Philip. After our breaks the good P;xvii
cial embraced us, and bid us fareweK defiling us to pr;
for him-, and not to be? difcodraged by any thine th;
might befa] us, aííuring us he wiíhéd us very well, ar
would do what lay in his. power for our good •, yet i
that he muft ufe policy and difcrerion to flop the rnoutl
of the Criolians, whom he knew hated both him and u
Thus we departed with Waits and Trumpets foundir
before us, which rebounded an Eccho all the way up tl
hill fiom us to old Alvarez whom we had left in a low bo
torn compalTed about with hills on every tide. We had r
(boner afcended up to the top of she Mountain, when vi
difcovered a little Valley, and in it the City oícbhpaofú
Spaniards; with two or three frnall Villages, of which or
was St, Philip at the bottom of the Mountain, which vj
%vere to afcend. The Trumpets which mil went {bum
ing before us were a fufficient and loud Alarm to S
Philips Inhabitants of our coming, anda warning for tl
fpeedier haftening oí our fecond breakfaft, for the whic
the cold morning air ( which we found fomewhat piercir
upon the Mountain ) had whetted and throughly prep;
red our rtomachs. We had not got dewn the Mountai
half a mile, when we met with a matter of twenty ga
iant Indians on borfeback with their Trumpeters founc
ing before them, and behind them came upon a fiatd
Mule the Prior oiChhpa, (whofe name, was Father Jé
Baptijl) a merry fat Fryer, who calling us his brethre
fugitives from Philip pinas , told us we were welcome t
that country, and to him eípeeklly, and that in the nes
St. Tlnlip he would Ihew us better fport than any St. Phih
in all the PbiUppmas lilands could have (hewed us, if w
had gone thither. Thus with a pleafant difcourfe, an
many merry conceits from the good Prior we foon cam
down the hill, where the whole Village of Saint Phih
waited for us both men and women, fome preferring unt
us Nefegays, others hurling Roles, and other flowers i

01

ap XIV. of the Weft-Indies. *fl

L, others dancing before ¿ggg
ch was «rowed ^tÄÄeÄd hung

ft ' ,5 Tit Father «W B^ ftood UP *f
; being ended, tit uwu 7 / , hem thanks

de a ihort fpeech unto the «^MF nSf n his f

their kind and pompous cntc»tamm.nt :* us m p

id thus from tru. Altar wc r:afoncd

mak» us rditti b.ttt r a iuy Wr out ialt meats,

hich the Prior had P16^^"^ f* 'meatsmade by

Served toe words, but knew not ft

214 4 New Survey Chap. Xlll

ted us to enjoy our liberty as long as it ficta it had bee
agreed upon by ietfeis between him and the Provincia
which was till it might be dinner time in the Cloifier (
Cb-apa, where we were to be before noon The tin
drew near, and we had from St. PbHipto the City of Chic
fa, iome two Englifh miles to ride s Wherefore the Pri<
commanded our Mules to be brought ; the Waits an
irumpets gave warning to the Town of out departure
and to wwimany horfemen, with dances, Mulick an
ranging oí Bells we were as [lately and joyfully conduce
ourot the Town, as we had been inducted into it. A
she firft half miles end the Prior gave thanks unto the h
dtans, and defired them to return, the Cloifier being ncai
wnere we cxpeäed another kind of entertainment, not u
fingm tiie City and Cloifter that pomp and ttatc, whic!
in the Country might be allowed. The Indians too;
t hesr leaves of us ; and on we went with only two a
guides before us. Within half a mile of the City, th
Prior and.-a companion of his flopped, and took out of hi
pocket an order from the Provincial, which he read unt(
us, to this cffeÄ, That whereas we had forfaken our law
fui Superior Calvo in the way to Pbilippmas, and withou
his hcenfe had come to the Province oí Chiapa, h<
could not in confeience but infM feme puniihment up<&r
us before he did enable us so abide there as members' undei
him, therefore he did fírí&Iy command the Ppoi oí Chi-
apa, that as foon as we fliould enter into this Cloiiter
he ihould Qiut us up two by two in our chambers, as in pri-
Ions, for three days, cot fuffering us to 'go out to any place
faveonlytothepublick place of refe&ion (called Refc&o-
sry ) where all the Fryers met together to dine and fup,
where at noon time we were to prefent our felves before
all the Cloiiier fitting upon the bare ground, and there to
receive no other dinner, but only bread and water i bus
at (upper we might have in our chambers or prifons, what
ä íhe Prior would be pieafed to allow us. This was the Pe-
-•" nance enjóyned upon us by the wife and cunning Provinci-
al ■ The news at the tirff was but four fawce/ ora dry

Poílpaíi

IhaaXtV. of the Weftlndies J «5

1 ditty to us after our Mofi A ^aod ' aftetfo

Ale faft after oar feaft S tote «£ P fhe Provin.
& liberty: We «k*«B¿ andthe mvftety
,15 winnings at Ta^'S, * ^^w co" fortab-e his boxes
,ereof, and began to thmk how a

f flri* would be at u s alter the

,atet. Now we called to m.nd t| l» ^ d

t had told us at St. FM*> tf SloLl, of. But the
nd of the 1 iberty h?M^m ^ ^

¡ood Prior feeing us fad upon a iu > ^ w thwk
Janees changed, tailed upon *r|g who ¿y thaC
he worfe of him nor of the ^ |?i. , ^m

It of Policy and to ftop | ™ ™£„t wef£ ^

he knew would murmur, rf no pwi TO » ofhcK

upon us. He afTu.ed us, aft • our imp ^ w¡£h

/ours, and P^ef^Ä S; and that after a
him, we told want no encou g.me , ^

bread and water dinner, be «£« »«. our fl ft
bcrs a fupper that mould ft ong PP ^ ^ anJ
machs, and fur and line mem we w„nt

twenty hours. W«b Af encou ra^env. ^^ ^

to the Cloiltet of ^Xí^lk^é noted a frowning
moft of the Fryers, but in fome ttw condu_

anddifaffeaedcountenanceh Wewe ^^

aed to our Chambers, when . the «u with bl£ad

for the rift, and ^ * ^^ dicing place,
and water. Down we went to ne d the ta.

and thanks being given, toe Fryer i m«B .^

bies, we four ^^^lZXit^ middle bftte
pkafed to term us) betook °»^totn ^

Wory, where without "¿"egg d Hke Taylors,

„e fat upon the bare V^a$bJL* to .üovcnly

ading humility no* tor our ai

CtoT While the tuft d.Ov was p.eleo-

bles, to each of us was prefent d a Uto r ^^^ ^

nefs and a pot of P»« Wj^ wih full ftomachs
fed and drank moft heartily though w.tti ^

*«6 'ANewSurtey Chap. XII]

rom a double breakfaft befniv Y.» . " r
Publick aft of (ham. Jn/j r Í ? en here '» 'hi

"foal amoL V ve^fn, f,f i8?" ¿f Which we knew «
^omfor™"hft we had U *,***& °UtS> we ha° <»¡
and tha't that pun foment 3n\P'OV'™* * «**
whofe Choco a« w¿ y'™^ ' /ricnd|y hänc
andfe^ndly/ wcr„ew tha^rí. ,rrfaftÍn8 bodi"

teotedly upon us ¡ cKn/ FrV£r t0 '«oM.fcon-

« A.W„ ^WíIr fe mrfiafcribm fecit
Eae t,h¡ frigid* mbtm medicamL lymph*.

Ä?yÄÄ^i S« and p:fr « -* te

would fain wirhdrawT^fd tv dtnted ?'" ^^ ard
fing up Cfor that was ho TawKf^, T" mí W *
ended ) but rialíno- k Z fltl d,nncr had been

^¿.hAfc^í,^ <"* fcornfuHy
ly to him withtteíSfc ní Ct "^owedicleívEgfffcnd,

He draught I followed him to rteal away his Jnaffm™ u-
Tbi, new found wo,d, iW, ha^fl'Ä £

had

*L

it». XV. e/ tí* Weft-Indies. 2 «7

1 (a ~f thP medicinal water which flood
her™fteth^ta^^gooddtaughtwh„=
e mm . 01 \uv- . ft me and my friends was

6Xch «hey had prepared to help our d.gefi.on of
'ÄJd water Myfuddain ve.ies <o my Criohar.
^hourfefotly noifed about the Cloifier and
ffidAf S*Ä of our talk that afternoon Our
PC was povided for us according . o the prom.fe and
f? rSirir of the Prior, who a fo honoured our pri-
"erth S with hü own and two other Fryers com-
nv fuppbl with us all in one chamber together. And
J» our three days of imprifoni«ent men y
5 contentedly, wilhing we might never fufe haricr
Ue in any priibn .han we had done in this, wh ch
afoot to us fuch a pun.ihment as did br.ng w.thit the
nation Of any liberty of enjoying the company oi friends,
nTSn» w ¡ih them, but only the privation of the l.ber-
v of cü legs to walk about thofe three days i and this
Lht an eafe than a puniihment for that we wanted
ather reft, than much fti.ring af.er fo long and ted,.
)US a iour'ney as we had compaffed from Meneo thither.
m w tenofoonerfet at liberty, but we prefently found
E £ovincial and Prior ready .0 difpofe of us.fo, that m
ieu of our imprifonment we might receive honour and
credit. Two were fent into the Courttry to learn , fome
Mm language, that fo they might be beneficed and
preachuntotheiÄ»/. My felf and another defoed to
^farther to .«Mb , that there we might pra-
lice Philofophy and Divinity in the famous Un.vert.ty
of that City. Nothing that we defiredwas denied u*

* 1 8 A New Survey Chap. X

to us only the time was thought not fit until Miel
eSí ft, thCn the fchoo,s * « renewed and
ving alfo heard of my verfes « Wrafsre t0 theCr,0
fryer and Knowing that the Latin TWue is be
grounded in |^ than am the s ¿Jf » be
bufe poor PA and daily break hi/pate with foe
foloecrfmsj and confidering the want rfe had of a

mMÍÍt Utin T0J,gUe t0 <a^ * tóurc of Gra
«at and Syntax to the youths of CBiapa, in a School in ,

Coler' JrICh1br£,U8htafUffiCfm y^r^'P^ unto,

teSwí me WraCf Pt °f £h"P,ac£u»«l ^h'irne

he mould take care to fend me to Guatemala, promifing ,

aH encouragements in the mean time fitting, and tha

Should when I would go about to fee the Country r whi

X much. deffred;. and alfo that out of the fchool annuit

ftouldhavemyallowanceforbooks, and other neceifari

J could not but accept of this good offhand fo with tl

■mployment I remained in that City from April to the e,

ct September, where » was much eileemed of by the Bid).

and Corernour, but efpecially by the Prior, who wou

never ride about the Country for his recreation,but he wou

take me with him, whereby 1 had occalion to note co,

cerning the Province, riches, commodities and governme.

of Chapa, what in the enfuing Chapter I (hall faithful]

commend unto the Prefs.

CHAI

'p-

XV. of the Weft-Indies. »'9

CHAP. XV.

iihi»! the Quntry of Chupa, *ith the cheiefeft
tIS and Commode Mon^ng. unto u.

,, , riiÁ* in the Opinion of the Spamardi be
TO \ he one of the pooreftCountr.es oiJmriea;
■ fhed 'P,^ " te have been no mines difeovered,
aufe in it as Y etthet t» » haven upon

^S G»«^, and Guatemala, jet Í
■riedout,a»tojiw«OT5 u ¿ preuneis and

* fanV:hTtnSTfdvXhtonone except it.be to
auty of fait 1 owns ,»'«? ft f Amtkl lotw

«^««^inayitfurpaffethall tft e« fcfe rf

S*i? f m0AUn/it ouÍ not! be lo much flighted by
e W»<«. And i t oug . t as ftand

,eS?«Wías,t>,)^ywoUw ^ ^

^«"^If" 1 and whofe weakneis may prove
\ /¡meneas iUtrgth, and w»u eafie en-

angerous to all that tour >ihng Em «, £ ^ ^ n.

iaBC;rborl nfu A "■ BeM«- *e commodities
ng and bordering unuj j d commerce

it a*e fneh*s do up to M *£gg and lh other neigh-

,ra0n&2ftc:unntrfes a" 5ffiE£lW of $»*. doth
jourmg Countries, anus Provinces oí

Revenues. . Provinces, to wit,

ThisCountry .s divtded ^^F^ovin ,

fe*. Zetó^, »» ¥; ~0r0f c^ of the

^ 2 o A New Survey Chap. XI

My¿/.M and Weft- ward the Priory of CrnUi an\ wh
hath fome ten To^ns, and many farms of Cattle Han
and Mules fubjedt unto it, and neighbouring unto h
eth the great valley of C^^Ä |hich gfjg? £
ry reaching towards S«™^. This valley gloriethin i

ida¿rer' ,which *r its fprin^rom ^S

Jed W»f/^ and runneth to Cbiapa of the India

rf r.íi5 Z ñthc rTT yie,deth> and the 8«t ftc

K ,K u ^,ch ir°m thence rainifter food and provifi,

Thn, °^Clty °/ ?^ Snd t0 a* ihe adjacentPTow
Though Chapa the City, and Comiilan as ftanding upon t
bills, be exceeding cold, yet this valley lying low is ext
ordinary hot, and from May to ¿wLbfubS
great ftorms and tempeii of thunder and lightning Tí

confining of above eight hundred Indian inhabitants. Bi

greater than this is Izquintenango at the end of the valliv an

at the fott of the mountains of Cucbumadans, South wan

And yefWger than this is the Town of St. Bamlém

Northward at the other end of the valley, which in bn¿

is above 40 mile, and 1 o or t 2 only in breadth. All th

reft of the Towns lie toward Socomzco, and are yethotte

and more fubjed to thunder and lightning, as drawing near

er unto the South fea coaft. Beiides the abundance of Catrl

the chief commodity of this valfcy confifieth in Cotton

wool, whereof are made fuch «ore of mantles for the Indian

wearing, that the Merchants far and near come for them

They exchange them to Soconuzco and Xuchutepeaues foi

Cacao, whereby they are well ftored of that drink/So thai

the inhabitants want neither hih (which they have froir

the river) nor fleíh C for that the valley abounds with

Cattle ) nor clothing ( for oí that they [fpare to others )

nor bread, though not of wheat, for there grows none

but Indian Maíz they have plenty of i and befides they

are exceedingly ftored with fowls and Turkey s^ruits.Hony

fobacco and Sugar-canes. Neither is mony here nor in

Cbiapa io plentiful as íq México and Guvcaca ; and

whereas

221

up. XIV. of the Weft-Indies:

ereas there they reckon by Patacones, or WfM*^
I thev reckon by Toftones which are but half Pata-
^ yThou,h the river be many ways prohtabk w
valley, yctk iscauieof many Matters to the inhah -
s who lofc many times their children, and the» Calves
dCoUsd.aw.ngneartothewater.fide, where they are
voured by Cannes, which .are ?pv«dpdyrf
fn, by rcafon of the many prizes they ^ got. The
ity ckmfa Realms one of the meaneft Cities in «Mr
la condiinl of not above four hundred houOiolders
\amards, and about an hundred houfes of Www )oyn-
otothe City; and called d hatrto de los Indios, who have
Ghappelbv Wives. In this City there is no Pariih-
Lch< but only the Cathedral, wmch is mother to al
Li inhabitants. Befides, there are two Cloifters, oneoi
tominicans, ard the other of franafcans, and ^a poor
•loilicrof Nuns, which are burthenfome enough to
iat Citv Bat the Jefuits having got no footing there
who commonly live in the richeft and wealthieft places and
^ities ) is a fufBcient argument of either the poverty of that
fey, or of want of gallant parts, and prodigality in the
IciitVy, from whofc free and generous fpirits they like
■lorfe-lecches are nill fucking extraordinary and great
ilms for the Colleges where they lives but here the Me*.
-bants are clofe handed, and the Gentlemen hard, and fpa-
ring, wanting of wit and Courtiers parts and bravery.and
fo poor Chispa is held no fit place for Jefuits, The Mer-
chants chief trading there is in Cacao, Cotton- wool from
the adjacent parts of the Country, in Pedlers fmall waxes,
and in fome Sugar from about Chiapa of the Indians, in
a little Cochim for commonly, the Governour* ( whofc
chief Min confifteth in this J will not furTer them to be
too free in this commodity, left they hinder his greedy
trafique. Thefe have their (hops all together w a little
Market-place before the Cathedral Church, built with
Walks and Porches, under which the poor Indian wives
meet at five a clock at evening to fell what flap and
drugs they can prepare moñ cheap for the empty Cnolia»
*r& J Üomachs.

22 2 J New Survey Chap. XI

iiomachs. The richer fort of thefe Merchants 20 s

fend yet further to Tabafco for wares from Spain, fuch

Wines Linncn-cIoth^ig^Raifins, Olives, and iron, thoi

m thefc commodities they dare not venture too much

rcaion the Spaniards in that Country are not very ma

and thoic that are there, are fuch asare loth to open th

purles to more than what may fuffice nature. So t!

what are Spanijh commodities are chiefly brought for

*ryers woo are the bdtmd joviaileft blades of that Coi

fry. The Gentlemen of Cbiapa are a by-word all M

that Country, fignifying great Dons (dones, gifts or ab

tics I ihould fay ) great birth, phantaftick pride, joyr

with iimphcity, ignorance, mifery and penury. Th.

Gentlemen will fay theydefcend from fome Dukes hoi

in Spain., and immediately from the fir ft Conqueror

yet in carriage they are but Clowns, in wit, abiliti

parts and difeourfe, as (hallow-brained, as a lowbroc

whofe waters are fcarce able to leap oves a pebble (ton

any (mall reafon foon tries and tries their weak brai

which is eafily at a (land when fence is propounded, ai

Aides on fpeedily when non-fenfecairieth the ítream. Tl

chief families in this City, are named, Córtez, Solis, Vth

Co, Toledo, Zerna, and Mendoza. One of thefe, who w

thought the chief in my time, called Von Melchior de V

¿afeo, one day fell into difcourfe with me concerning En

land, and our Englifh nation, and in thebeft, moft fei

ous and judicious part of his Don-like conference, aski

mh whether the Sun and Moon in England were of tl

feme colour as in Cbiapa, and whether Englifh men wei

barefoet like the Indians, and facrificed one another as foi

merly did the Heathens of that Country > and whether a

England could afford fuch a dainty as a diih of FrixoI<

( which is the pooreft Indians daily food there, being blac

and dry Turky or French beans boyled with a little bitin

Chile or Indian Pepper with Garlick, till the broth becom

as black as any Ink ) and whether the women in Englan

went as long with child» as did the Spanijh women? An<

lalüy, whether the Spanijh nation were not a far gallante

natío

ap. XIV. tfthe Weft-Indies: 22$

on than the Eiglijhi When I perceived my Don ran
I r and farther into his fimple and foolifli .queftions, I
him off fuddenly, telling him, Sir, it is long fince I came
of England, if you give me leave to recoiled my mc-
,v I will anfwer fome of thefe your hard queftions the
t time we meet ( thinking hereby to try my Dons wit
foer, whether he could perceive Í jeared him. J lo
ich my fimple Don replyed, 1 pray Sir do, and . whenfo-,
r vou come, you (hall be welcome to a dilh of Frixokf,
Ltfe this I took my leave of him, and at our farewci he
dn denied metoftudy well his queftions, and to return
n a fpeedy anfwer, whereby I was more confirmed in
r conceit of my Von, that he was either *■* Qt bofa,
)1 or fimple. Yet thought I, my beft way to anfwer i|
anfwer a fool according to his folly, and fo refolved ■
thin two or three days to return unto him fome limpie
fwer according to his fimple and foolilh queftions. There-
re fpeedily Í Tingled out a good occahon of meeting with
m at his own houfc, who welcomed me with much Spa-
ih eravtty and fitting down before Vonna Angela, his
dated wife and Angel •, began to anfwer, or more to
er his Donfhip. I began with the Sua and Moon, tel-
ng him that they were planets, and had their fpecial in-
uences upon feveral nations, as all planets have upon
lans body. And fothéy did (hew themfelves according
3 the inclination of the people of feveral Kingdoms.
Uid therefore as the Spaniards weie much inclined to Fe-
us and to beauty, and not contenting themfelves with the
latural beauty of their fair Ladies, would yet have Art
idd to nature by the skill and ufe of the beft painting co-
ours, To theie glorious planets of the Sun and Moon
imong the Spaniards, and efpecially in Cbiapa, (hewed
themfelves moil comely, bright, glorious and beautiful,
working the like inclination to beauty upon, and in all
Spaniards. My inftance was in the land of the Black-moors,
where 1 told them that their bodies were black, and that
among them the Sun appeared with a dark and fed viftge.
Here my Von cried out i An excellent example! I gave

him

224 A New Survey Chap. X

him yet a fccond inflance from the Eclipfe of the <

which oemgeclipfed, made all the Earth, mens faces

bodys leem of a dark, or yellow colour, to (hew the

portion or iympathy offubiunarv belies m fh?t high

overmastering planer. To this that good Don r ú

fihnor nofe puede decirmas, fir, nothing ' can be anfw

or laid more or better. Venzamos agora a hgalati

Let us draw now to England, To which. I anfw

him, that in England the Sun and Moon app^art d half

year oí one colour, and half of another \ for the wo

one half year it appeared as in Spain and Chapa, b

thul and glorious for that natural -y. without pain

they yielded to none m beauty. But the other half

it appeased as red as blood, or fcar'et j'and rhe re;

might eaíiíy be gueffd at, for that no Nation is n

wailikc and high fpirited shan the Englifh, whefe i

cloaths were fiery, wearing more (brief than any nal

in the World ; as he might perceive by. their coming

much with their (hips to the Indian Coafts to fight v

the Spaniards $ and that they delighted to go in i

and tobe like the Sun, fo naturally they were broughi

thofeSeas to (ingle out fuch (hips as from America can

the rich Commodity of Cochinil, whereof they m

more ufe than Spain it iVlf to die their cloaths and C<

withal. Here my Von jogged his head, and replj

Sir, Í thought no nation had been fo like the Sun as

Spaniards, for I have read that when our Ancef

came to conquer thefe parts, the Indians called thi

bijas del Sol, that is, fons of the Sun, being comely :

gallint, and more like the Sun than any other people.

this I anfwercd him. Sir, no doubt but you are like

Sua here, and none more glittering and bright, your v

hatbands mining with Pearls and Diamonds like

brightnefs of the Sun ; but as I faid before, the Bla

moores are like their Sun, fol fay, the Englifb is like ti

Sun, which is red, and fo do and will afTed to w

Scarlet, as long as any Cochinil is to be found in

Indians

. , I

hap. XV. of the Weft-Indies] i 2 j

Now Von Melcbior began to underftaud me, and told
i never man had fatisfied him with better reafons than
¡ felf. He thank'd me heartily , and told me, he
ought no Gentleman in Chiapa could, tell fo well as
mfelf now why the Englijh Ships came fo much upon
»ir Coafts 5 and that my difcourfe had fatisfied him to
! full. He defrYd me to go on to his other Quefiions.
) his fecond, demanding whether the Englijh went bare-
st like the Indians, I told him I thought that the Count

Gondomar (who had been many year* EmbalTadour '
m Spain in England ) had fatisfied all the Spaniards
it doubt ♦, who coming from England to Madrid, and
¡ng the*e asfc'd by fome Courtiers, whether London was

big as Madrid, and as well peopled ? he made an-
er, that he thought there was fcarce a hundred left in
ndon. He prov'd it from the Guftom of his own
mntrymen of Spain; who when they are to make a
urney, (hew themfeive* two or three days before in
ilours walking with Boots and Spurs, that their Friends
ly take notice that they are departing out of the Town
City. So faid the Count of Gondombr, I think by this
sre are very few People in London •> for wnen I came
>m thence I left them all almoft in Cloaths of Colours*
oted and fpurr'd as ready to depart and take fome
iurney. And truly my. Von ( quoth 1 ) your own Count
th anfwer'd for mei' jet 1 fay, the Englifh are fo far
>m going bare- foot, that they go booted, and are all in
readinefs to move out of England for any Noble and Ge-
rous Defign i but above all they are ftill ready for Ame-
a, where they know is Abundance of Hides to make
em Boots to cover their l<egs, that they may not b¿
rpe&ed to be Jike bare-footed Indians^ ^ktzr^on MüÁ
¡or reply'd, 1 pray S¡r, when they come by Sea to
efe parts do they come alio booted and fpuriM ? Foe
hould think, when they fight, their Spurs ihould hinder
tm. To this his doubtjl anfwer'd firft, as concerning Spurs
the Ships, with the Example of one of his own Nation* an<I

%%6

A Km Survey. Chap. X\

and of the beft Divines in Spain, living in my time
Valladolid call'd Maefiro Nmno, ( Reader of Divinity
theColledge of Sf. Gregory but in his Carriage and expei
ence in the World a fimple NoddyJ who being invited
a Noble man to go with him in his Coach out of the Cj
a mile or two to a Garden of Recreation, wenthaitily
bout the College to borrow Boots and Spurs; and wh
he had put them on, being ask'd whither he went, J
why he put on Boots and Spurs, anfwer'd that he was' to
in a Coach out of the City, and that he thought the Coa
an d Mules would want fpurs to go and come the foon
Ev en fo my Von ( quoth I ) the Englijh men come boot
and fpuri'd in their Ships, to make their Ships Sail t
fwifter. And this is the Reafon * hy the Englijh Ships S
fafter and when they are in fight turn about quicker than
Spanijh Galeón, becaufe they are fpurr'd and kick'd wit
in. O Sir, 1 humbly thank you ffaid Von Melcbior ) f
that by your difcourfe I know the truth of what indeed
have often heard fay, that the Englijh Ships are nimbi
and quicker at Sea than our heavy Galeons. Now as f
fighting;, the Enghjh mens Spurs (Taid J) are no hindrar
to them, but rather a great advantage ; for they fig
wi?h Weapons, with their hands and Feet, where
they exceed the Spaniards h for when they have Sh
with their Pieces, or cut down with their Swords any En
my, or knock'd him with their Halbcrts, then with th<
Feet and Spurs, they fall on him, and foon rid him o
of the way, that he may no more riícup againft thct
All yi u have told me ( faid the wife Felazco) itands wi
fo much Reafon, that my judgment is convinced, i
for eating and facrificing one another like the India
( I told him J that the Englijh fiU'd their Bellies fo wi
fat Beef and Mutton, Fowls, Rabbits, Partridges, and Phe
fan ts, that they had no Stomach at all to Mans Fle(
Ad that truly for Frisóles -of garlicfc, that only daii
fyDiih was wanting in England, and that for Garlick, thn
Rea'ons moVd the Englijh not to be lavifhing of that litt
hey had ; firft, for fear they ihould want it for their Ho

f

hap. XV. of the Weft -Indie*. 227

drenches h 2ly, for that they felt not themfelves fo much
jbl'd with Wind, nor paft up with windf and
a conceits as other nations ; but thirdly and chiefly
y ' refratn'd from it that they might not fmell of
and that by the fcent and fmell of it afar off at Sea
y might when they come to the Coaft of dmeri-

fmell cut a Spanijb Ship, and know it from a Hol-
der. Here my Von Mdchior fell into admiration, aifu-
g me, he had never heard more folid reafons from any
¡n. Alas poor Oiolian of Cbiapa ( thought 1 ) if I had
ken Senee, thy (hallow Brain had not been able to have
pt over it, but after non-fence thou art eafi'.y carried a-
y. As for his laft Queftion, I told him that was above

reach, for that poor Fliers ought not to meddle with
Dmen, neither had my mother ever told me how long

went with roe. But however if Donna Angela would
I me how long (lie went with her Children, I would by
Gonftellations of the Heavens fearch out againft our next
eting, how long the English Women went with their
ildren. To this my Von Melcbicr anfwer'd, that he
uld not trouble me to ftudy what he thought was not
onging to my Profeffion ; but he knew that if I would
dy that or any other hard and difficult Point, I could
e him more and better fatisíaCtion than any Scholar in
tt City.

And thus (Reader) by this Von Mdchior s wit and ability
mid Í have thee judge of the Gentlemen Criolians or na-
es of Cbiapa i and yet as prefumptuous they are and ar-
»ant, as if the Nobleft Blood in the Court of Madrid ran
their Veins. It is common among them to make
Dinner only with a Diih of Frixoles in Black Broth
iPd with Pepper and Garlick, faying it is the moit
uriihing meat in all the India's and after this ftate-

Dinner they come out to the Street- Does of thei¿
•ufes to íte and to be (een, and there for half an
)ur will they ftand (baking off the Cruras oí Bread
»m theirCloaths, Bands ( but efpeciaWy from their Ruffs
íen they ufed them ) and from their Muftachoes. And
Q_ z wi hi

— — 1 —

2 2 8 J New Survey Chap ;5C

with their iooth-pick^rs they will ftand picking their teei
asifíbme fmall Partridge bone Üuck in them i nay ii
friend pais by at that time, they will be fare to fi
out Tome cram or other in the Muftacho ( as if ©n pt
poie the crums, of the table had been iliaken upon th
beards, that the lofs of them might be a gaining of cre<
for Great Houfe- Keeping ) and they will be fare to vt
out fame Non-Truth, as to fay, A Senor que linda pen
lye comido oy, Q Sir, what a dainty Partridge have I (
to day I whereas they pick out nothing from their tee
but a black husk of a dry frixole or Turky bean. Thou
great in Blood, and in Birth they iay they are, yet in th
imployments they are but Rich Graiiers, for moft of th
wealth confifteth in Farms of Cattel and Mules. Some i
deed have Towns of Indians íubjeór unto them, whe:
of they are, cali'd Encomenderos, and receive yearly frc
eve*y Indian a certain Pole Tribute of t owls, and Moi
They have molt cowardly Spirits for War, and thou
they wiü iay, they would fain kcSpain yet they ds
not venture their lives at Sea» they judge íleeping ir
whole skin the beil maxim for their Criolian Spirits. O
hundred fighting Soldiers would eafily lay low th(
Chiapa Vans, and gain the whole City, which lyeth fo
pen to the he ids, that the Mules and AiTes come in and gra
the Streets being very commodious to entertain AiTes frc
within, and from without. Yet in this City liveth coi
monly a Governour, or Alcalde Major, and a Biihi
The Governours place is of no fuuil efteem and inter»
for that his power reacheth far, and he tradeth much
Cacao and Cochinil, and domineers, over both Spania\
and Indian! at his will and plea fare. But ill gotten Goc
never thrive, as was feen in Don Gabriel de Orella
(Governoar oí this City and Country in my time) w
having ient the worth of 8ooo Crowns in Coc!
nil, Cacao^ Sugar, and Hides by the River of lai
fco, towards, the Havana loft it all into the hands of i
Hollander!, who doubt lefs knew how to make better ufe
it, than would have done that tyrannizing Governour. 1

£iüi(

Chap. XV. of the Weft-Indies. 229

ifhops Place of that City is worth at lcaft 800 d Du-
itsa Year which truly he had need of, (hat comes fo
rfrom Spain to live in fuch a City where are iuch able
ferr, as Von Melcbior de Velafco, and where Afles are fo
eely fed and bred. Moft of this Bifhops Revenues confiit
¡ great Offerings which he yearly receives from the
teat Indian Towns, going to them once a year 10 con-
rm their Children, whofe confirmation is iuch a means L®
3niirm and ftrengthen the Biihops Revenues, that none
mu be confirm'd who otTer not a fair white Wax Candle,
Ml a Ribbon and ar 1 aii four Rials. I have feen the
Richer fort offer a Candle at leaft Six Pound Weigat
rith two Yards of twelve-peny Broad Ribbon, the
:andle ftuck from Top to Bottom with Single Rials
ound about. May the Poor Indians make it the Mafter-
liece of' their Vanity to offer Proudly in fuch occa-
ions. Von Bernardino de Salazar was the Biihop of
his City in, my time, who defir'd my Company to ride
vith him his Circuit but one month, about the Towns
lear Chiapa, and then I was appointed by him to
iold the Bafon wherein the Spaniards and Indians (whil'ix
le confirm'd their Children ) caft their Offerings,
vhich my fclf and another Chaplain did always tell
md caft up by good account before we carried the mony
jp into his Chamber, and I found at our return at
he Months end, he had receiv'd ió^o Ducats of
snly Offerings, befides the fees due to him for yiii-
ting the feveral Companies , or Sodalities and Con-
fraternities belonging to the Saints or Souls in their Pur-
gatory (which are Extraordinary Rich there) whereof
he and all other Biihops in their Dilirict take account
yearly. This Bííhop was (as all the reft are there) fome-
what covetous, but otherwife a Man of temperate Life
and Converfation, very zealous to reform whatever Abu-
fes were committed in the Church , which coft him his
Life before I departed from Cbiapa to Guatemala. The
Women of th3t City, pretend much Weaknds and Squca-
tnilhnefs of Stomach , which they fay is fo great ,' that
0,3 «hey

£ 3 o A New Survey Cfrep. XV

they are not abíe to continue in the Church while the
Mats is hudl d over, much lefs while a folcmn hij
Mais (as they call it ) is fung, and a Sermon preach'd
unlets they drink a Cup of hot Chocolaite, and cat •
bitoffweet-meafs to ftrengthen their Stomachy For thi
purpofe they were wont to make their Maids brinj
them to Church in the middle of Mafs or Sermon !
cup of Chocolatte, which could not be done to a'l or mof
of them without great Confufion, and interrupting botr
Mafs and Sermon. The Biihop ptrceiviag this Abuft
and having given fair Warning againft it, but wifhoui
amendment,- thought iit to fix in Writing on th<
Church- Doors an excomunication againft all fuch a<
Ihould prtfume at the time of Service co eat or drink ir
the Church. This excommunication was taken by all
but efpcciallyby the Gentlewomen, much to heart whe
proteged if they might not eat or drink in the Church, they
could not continue in it to hear what otherwife they were
bound to. The chief of them knowing what preal
Friendihip there was between the Blihop and the Prior,
and my felf, came to the Prior and me, ddiring us to ufe
all means we could with the Biihop for revoking his
Excommunication fo heavily laid on them, and threading
their Souls with Damnation for the Violation of it. The
good Prior and my felf Labour *d all we could, alledg-
ing the Cufiom or the Country, the weaknefs of the
Sex whom it moft conccrn'd, alfo the weaknefs of their
Stomachs, the Contempt that might thence enfue to his
Perfon, and many Inconveniences which might follow
to the breeding of an uproar in (he Church and City,
whereof we had iomc probable Conjecture from what ap
readly we had heard. - But none of thefc Reafons would
move the Biihop, to which he anfwer'd that he preferid
the honour of God, and of his Houfe before his owti
Life. The Women feeing him inexorable, began to
fttomach him the more and to Height him with fcorn-
ful and reproachful Words i others íleíghtcd his Ex-
commumcation, drinking ¡o iniquity in the Church, a< the

FiOi

hap. XV. of the Weft-Indies i}i

, doth Water : which caufed one day fuch an uproar in
■'Cathedral, that many Swords were drawn agatnft the
lefts and Prebendaries, who attempted to take away
,m the maids the Chocolat, which they brought to
g miftreffe; who at laft feeing neither Fait no. Foul
:ans would prevail with the Blihop, refolv'd to forfake
e Cathedral, where the Biihops own and his Prebendarles
es muft needs be watching over them, and from that
„e moft of the City betook themfclves to the Cloifter-
hurches, whereby the Nuns and Friers they were not
oubl'd, though fairly counfelled to obey the corn-
ed of ihe Biihop ; whofe name now they <™W ™*
rook, and to whofe Prebendaries they deny d now all fuch
upends for Maffes which formerly they had ufed to beflow
I them, conferring them all on the Fri ers who grew
.ich by the poor ¡mpoveriih'd Cathedral. This lafted
ot long, but theBiihop began to fiomach the Fri-
ts, and to fet up another Excommunication, binding all
he City to refort to their Cathedral; which the Wo-
mi would not obey, but kept their Houfo for a whole
flonthi in which time the Biihop fell Dangeroufly fick,
nd defir'd to retire to the Cloifter of Dmtmans, for
he «eat confidence he had in the Prior that he would
ake care of him in his ficknefs. Phycicians were fent
o" fa, and near, who all with a joynt Opinion agreed
hat the Biihop waspoyfon'd, and he h.mfelf doubt d not
Fit \t his death, praying God to forgive thofe that
had been the Caufeofit, and to accept of that Sacrifice of
his Life, which he was wilting to oiftrtor the Zeal of Gods
Houfe and Honour. He lay not above a Week m the
Cloifter, and asfoonas he was Dead all his Body, Head
and face did fo (well, that the leaft touch on any part oi him
caufed the Skin to break, and caft out white Matter, which
"ad corrupt^ and overflown all his Body. A Gent* Wo-
man with whom I was well acquainted in that City, who
was noted to belomewhat too Familiar with one oí the
Biihops Pages, was commonly ceniurd to have pt^.l*
bed fuch a Cup of Chocolat to he mimftred b, the Pag*

:

2 3 * á¿ New Survey Chap. X

which poiíonM him who fo rigoroufly had foabii
Choeola, to be drunk in the Church. My fclf hea d
Gentlewoman fay of the dcceafed Biihop, that (he thou
iew gneVd for his Death, and that the Women had no .
fontogneveforhim, and that (he ¡udg'd, he beine fi
*» ^ to Chocolat in the Church, ' that which
had drunk at home had not agreed with his body, j
it became afterwards a Proverb in that Country 1
ware of Chocolat of ChUpa ; which made me fo c

KnUS; thlE \Tfd n0t d'ink aftc'wa^ »« i' ¡n ,
ft WhTH<;I^dn0t ^.S'eatfatisfaérion of thewh
S' -The Women of this C>ty are fomewbat light

icn» 'ff8'' 3DAdt-e>a?'d t,0m <f* Devil many,
ticmg Lcffons and Baits to draw poor Souls to Sin a
Damnation j and if they cannot have their Wills t!
furely Work Revenge by Chocolat or CoXves
feme fa,r Preftnt) which fe,, car ^ jgfe

¿„ Í G,ntic-W0"iän that wasfufpedred f nav wa< q,

fend ÍOl the Df,h °f 'he Biih°P-) had oftelufed9
fend me boxes 0f Chocolat or Conferves i which I „

ty tor the Pa,ns i took in teaching her Son Latin i Í

ZL> t a -Ty m£-rry and pl'afant D'fpofition, which
thougnt might coni.lt without Sin i till one day (he fent r

?Jli"r "tin,mapn,P in a Handkerchief , buri

th.ef,! thought among the Flowets I ftould fi«d iome Ri,

1 Sun' i"" W^ °f EÍf "■ ' bu' fi"-8i~"« no,hi»S b
L,,j v\ JWOndredi and lookin8 fu"h" «* it,
found forked upon it with a Knife the faihion of
Heart w„h two bjind Cfid's Anows nicking i„
diicomingthe pouon-j Heart and Thought of the Pe
fon chat fent it. I thought it a gbod Warning to i
cautious of receiving more Prefcnfs or Chocolat fto

»i h th s lliort Rime cut out with a knife on th
Skin fmlatamfna, ¿marmcria, as much as to fay, Fru
toxoid, takes no hold. This Anfwer and Refolution c

min

api XV. of the Weft-Indies. 23?

e wasfoonfpread over .hat little City, ^ <mde
Gentle-woman out.agious, which prefently the (he* d
taking away her Son from School, and m many Meet-
thln'd to play me a Chapaneca . tnck. But 1 re-
mo d me Bithops Chocolat, and fo was wary , and
S ot long after in that poifonfeg and w.cked C.ty,
Kly Serves no bate, Relation than what 1 have
lenot thefimpleDm, and the Chocolat-confeñ»-

T8he?eTyet'twtlve leagues from .his City of Cbiapa , .-
Ihu Cblpa which defetves better commendations,
is con" t moft o( Indians, and is held to be one of the
Zc i Indian Towns in all America, containing at lead
ggeit ««"« Thi. Town has many pnvileges

m the King of £ and is govem'd chiefly by /«-
Z "witf lubordination to the Sfvúf. Government
f CbiaPa ) «ho choofe an W«« Govemour w.th
,fe,iour Officers to rule with him. This Govemour
ay wear a Rapier and Dagger, and enjoy» many
hlr Liberties which other Indians ne *">«*• No
-own hath fo manyD»»r ui ft of J»<toBood as
his Dm Tbilip de Guzman was Govemour of it in my
ime a ve.y Rich Indian, who kept commonly ,„ his
toblea doJn as good Horfes for publick Shew, and O-
entauon as the belt Spaniard in the Country H,s comage
was not infe,iour to any Spaniard, and fot defence tf fome
Phv.lccesof his Town fued in the Chancery of Guatema-
la the" proud and high minded Govemour ct Chapa,
rPendingFtherein great Sums of Mony t,H IkW"»-
come him, whereupon he caufed a feafl : to be made m
the Town, both by Water and Land, fo Itatrfy, .hat ttuly
in the Court of Madrid it might have been adttd-

This Town lyes upon a great River, wnereto belong
many Boats and Canoas, wherein thofe Indian, have fren
taught to aft Sea Fights, with great Dexterity and .ore-
prefent the Nymphs od'arnajfm, Ñeptüne MoUs, and the
Ä IheHeathenim Gods and Goddeffis fo that they
are a Wonder of their whole Nation. They will arm

wita

2J4 A TSkwSuryey Chap. 3

Äh;\B°atS * Sie8£ 0f a T™"> Fighting a«a
H With fuch courage till they make it y ield, as if ,hev
been tram d up ail their Life to S a FighW Äv
within the Town they are as dexterous ft baiting of B
at &» ¿ c«m, « Horfe races, at arming a Camp a

„Iywt .Th7 w'« "«a Towers and Caftles mi
Ä,R PalntCd Cl0th' s"d from ,hem fight e"
andrnan»?' "r" ^'f *"0tht'' wifh Squibs, Da,
nefltr.y unSerFUe ^°rkS' f0 manfo'V. that ¡Fin é

P ft me' the if 7 " aS, ^" " ,he* d0 '" in SP°" *
teS%' u SP*»™d> *"<* Friers might foon repent
have taught them what they have. As for acting

Ä Sra^CUmm3npärtof,hdc fokmn Palhme
and they are foCenerous that the, think nothing too mu
tofpend in Banquet, and Sweet-meats upon their F,i«
and netghbounng Towns, whenever they are mind
v R,e I f iVeS '"r \ Pub"Ck Feaft- Th" Town !sv

rv a t,Ct TJ Yim '" " T,ade about the Cou,
try as the Spamard, do. They havelearn'd molt Trad,

Jtl T- C°mrao™«l<h, »nd praaife and teach the.

Ä htt °T ihey want not an>' hOTifion rfra

orHeih, navmgfcr the one that great River joyning t
their Town, and for the other many.E,rWr fas fhe
can tnemj or farms abounding with Cattel. Here th

ft^lnri"Snbear a" the fw'a'> wh0 havea Ri* an,
itately Cloifter with another Church or Chappel fubor
dmateto ,t. The Heat here is lo great, that both Fri
«s and Indians commonly weai a Linnen Towel about thei
INecks to wipe off the conftantSweat from their Faces, wfvd

would do, for that at every Bit and Draught, the
are tain to ftop to wipe their dropping Brows. Yei
the Evenings are Frefh and cool, which are much made
ot there, and fpent in the many Walks and Garden*
whichjoyn clofe to the River-fide. Two or three Leases
from the Town , there are two Inttntis or Farms
pt Sugar, one belonging to the Cloifter of the Domi-

minicani

A.

ap. XV. of the Weft-Indies. 235

icans Of the City of Cbiapa v the other to the Cloi-
)f this Town, which contain near two hundred Black-
es befide many Indian!, who are imploy'd in that
Unt work .f making Sugar for all the Country,
-abouts are bred great ftorc ot Muks, and excellent Hor-
for any iervice. The Town of Cbiapa of the Indians,
all the Towns about it want nothing but a more/
perate Climate and cooler Air, and Wheat, which
e cannot be fown ; yet for Spaniards and fuch as can-
live without it, it is brought itom Mapa of the Spa-
rets and from about Comatitlan v yet this is not generally
nowkdg'd a Want, by reafon of the great Plenty of
iz which all the Towns enjoy, and which is now more
d both by Spaniards and dainty tooth'd Fliers than
:ad of Wheat. Yet your poor Spaniards, and fome la-
ms who have got the (rick of trading from them do
m not a little in bringing to thefe Towns, Biskets of
heaten Bread, which though it be dry and hard, yetbe-
ifc they are novelties to the Indians ; they get by chan-
ig them for other Commodities, efpecially of Cotton-
)ol, which here is more abounding than in the Valley of
panabaftlan.

Upon this Country of Cbiapa of the Indians Bar des
e Province of Ziques> which is abfolutely the richeft
.not Cbiapa. This reaches on the one fide to Tabaf-
] and by the River nam'd Grijalva fends commonly
I Commodities which are in it with fafety to St,
obn de Vlbua, or Vera Cruz, it traffiques alfo with
te Country of Jucatan by the Haven call'd Fumo Real,
htch lyes between Grijalva and Jucatan. Yet thefe
vo, the River of fabafco, alias Grijalva, and Tuerto Re-
I though they be commodious to this Province of
¡ques, yet they are caufes of dayly Fears to the Spam-
>ds, who well know the Weaknefs of them, and that if
forain Nation Chculd manfully thruft into that Country
y any of thefe two ways, they might fo corquer all
'biapa, and from thence pafs eafily to Guatemala. But
íeiüver oíTabajco lying low, and being fomewhat hot,

and

2 1 6 A New Survey Chap X

turnd back, ofing a Rich Country and flighting

h ¿oír* S t and fiivfious P"** «<§Ä

ceed<¡ if EV.„ Vi 8Í C no one Prov nee <

;;&*•*;- <~» •»» *«*£ £

-vjony ,o. , i , and lorc.ng them to Pr£ferve j, if. ,u,
Pans, which have proved moft Succeísfhl for h &
There is great ftore of Silk in this Countr v fi, th
the ¿*W make it their great Commodhy toEmPí
their Wives in working Towels with all colouT
S.ik whlch the spmiafdj b and fend » «ota,

•s rare to fee what Works thofe &««, WomZ w
»ake ,n Silk, fuch as will ferve for P«teSd C
P ers to «.any SchooU«,ifedTM in EnglZ The Pe"

Fir of T "Un"y "* WUty a"d Ingenious, an
Fan: of _ Compkxion ; the Country towards TaU
i hot but wuhin in feme places very cold. The«H
alfo Plenty oí Maíz, but no wheat ; rei her is he
¡rich Plenty of Catte! a: about Cbiap., but Fowls an
Turk.es as many as .it, other parts. ?fhe Province a

Nn„f Í -y? bTt th'S of the ZW from th.
North-Sea w.thm the Continent running Up ^d
Chap, and reaches ,, fome parts near the borte o
Cometan North Weft. Sourh-eaitward it joyns to uci
hd,Ms who as yet have not been conWd by |
WW,, who ro,ke q my ¡nvaftons on the Chr.ftiar
Mm,, and bum then ¡Towns, and carry away their

Cattel

«o XV. of the Weft-Indies: * J 7

«ciarte , and hete is great flore of it. Ihere is,
o nother Commodity , great among the A«4
Í1M Actmttt wherewith they make theit Cbocolatie
ok of he colour of a brick. Here is alfo Plenty of
Z °»d Bacon, Fowls, Turkies, Quads, Cattel, Sheep
Uiz Hony, and not far from 0e»«»g», m my time was
tin"- up- Ihg<mió, or farm of Sugar, wh*h was
ought would prove as well as thofe about Chapa of
Tlndhm. The Country in mr.ft parts is h,gh and U-
ft fc «Oaemp, «*«?* in a pleafant Valley, enjoying
any Brooks and Streams of Freih Water, and therefore
ath been thought a fit Place for Sugar. Here alfo w
hí vX the Fliers have attempted to low Wheat, which
,as proved vtry Good. Thus, Reader 1 have (hew d
ou the Country of Chiafa , which as ¡it is compafsd
dxxit on the one fide by S„con«zco, and from thence al-
Trofl to Guatemala, by the Province :of ouchmepeque,. on
the other fide by Tabafc, and on the other fide by Zd-
dak, with exceffive Plenty of Caw iMAcbmte, which
ate the chief Drugs for the making of Chocolatte ; I will
vet before 1 depart from Cbufa to Guatemala, fay fome-
whatofthat Drink fo much ufd by the Spaniards, and
in my Judgement not to be (Lighted but rather to be
Publilh-d and made known to all Nations, whoft Uie
might remedy the great abufe of Wines and Strong Diinks
which too much are efteem'd among us hete in Europe.

CHAP,

*}* AttewSurtey chap. X'

CHAP. XVI.

Corning two daily and commn ¿¿£ „ J

OHocolatte being now «fed not only overall the JT.

Xis fe" for W**iP* This S

arare? dAanr? or- «Ä^saa

Ä ÄiffiÄ oHhe1
Bod.es 0f the» tha, ufe it. But thechie! Ingred „"rti h

« íAter^' which «""»

ma me iree oí Gimo, and ripens in a pi-m*
Husk wherem fometimes are found more P om úmcfífs
<W fometimes twenty, fomedrr.cs W°» Z fort»
and above This Cacao, though, as every Simple [t ¿2
ams the Quality of the four Elements, yet i^he common
0P,mon ot Phyficians, it is held t, be 0ldW Tv
..V^m :lt is a!fp in the Subfance tnat lules theie
i two

tap. XVI. of the Weft-Indies. 239

) Qualities, reftringent and obte&ive, of the Nature of
Element of the earth. And as it is thus a mixed, and
a Simple Element, it hath parts coirefpondent to the
■of the Elements-, and particularly it partakes of thofe
lich correfpond with the Element of Air, that is, heat
1 moifture, which are Governed by un&ious parts i there
ing drawn out of the Cacas much Butter, which in the
lias I have feen drawn out of it by the Griolian Wo-
rn for to oint their Faces. And let not this feem impof-
1 to believe, that this grain or Nut of Cacao fliould be
d to be firii cold and dry, and then hot and moilV, for
ough Experience be iooo witneffes, yet ¡nuances will
rther clear this truth', and firft in the Rubarb, which hath
it hot and foluble parts, and parts which are binding,
Id and dry, which have a Virtue to ftrengthen, bind and
)P the loofnefs of the belly, Secondly, we fee this clear-
in the fteel, which having fo much of the Nature of the
,rth> asbeing heavy, thick, cold, and dry, íhould be thought
nproper for the curing of Oppilations, but rather to be
pt to increafe them \ and yet it is given for a proper re-
iedy againft them. The Authority of Galen may further
[ear this in the third book of the Qualities of Simple?,
/here he teachcth that almoft all thofc medicines, which
Dour Senfefeem to be Simple, are notwithstanding natu-
ally compounded, containing in themfelves contrary qua-
ities, that is to fay, a Quality to expel and to retain, to in-
raífaíe and to extenuate, to rarifie and to condenfe. And
n the fifteenth Chapter following in the fame book, he
)uts an Example of the broth of a Cock, which moves the
Belly, and the Fleih hath the Virtue to bind. Yet further
that this differing Virtue and Quality is found in divers fub-
[tances, or pans of Simple Medicaments, he (hews in the
iirft book of his Simple Medicines in the feventeenth Chap-
ter, bringing the example of milk, in which three fubftan-
ces are found and feparated, that is to fay, theSubftance of
Cheeie, which hath the Virtue to flop the r\ux of the bel-
li > and the Subftance of Whey, which is Purging, and
Butter, as it is exprefs'd, Chap. 15. Alfo we hnd in

Wine

i

*4o A New Survey Chap. 5

Wine which is in the Muft, three fubfrances, that i<
fay, earth, which is the chief, and a thinner \
fiance, which is the Flower and may be call'd the S(
or froth i and a third fubftance which , we Properly
Wine i and'every one of thefe iubftances contains in it
divers qualities and virtues, in the colour, in the (it
and in ochcr Accident^

And this is very conformable to reaibn, if we conti

that every Element, be it never fo (imple, begets and p

duceth in the liver four Humours, not only differing

temper, but alio in fuMance-, and begets more or lefs

that Humour, accord ingas the Element hath more or fe

cr parts correfponding to the fubífonce of that Humo

which is raoft ingendred. From which Examples we m

gather, that when the Cacao is grinded and ítirr'd, r

divers parts which nature hath given it, do artificia

and intimately mix themfelves one with another ; and

the un&ious, warm and moiit parts mingled with the ea

thy reprcifeth, and leaveth them not binding as they we

before h but rather with a mediocrity, more inclining to tl

warm and moift temper of the air, than to the cold and d\

of the earth» as it doth appear, when it is made fit to drinl

that (caree two turns are given ivith the Moiinet, wbe

there arifeth a fatty fcum, by which is íeen, how much i

Panaketh of the oyiy part. So that from all that hath bee

faid, the error of tnofe is well difcover'd, who fpeaking c

this drink of Cbocolatte, fay, that it cauíeth oppilationi

becaufe Cacao is aitringent j as if that airri&ion were no

corrected and modified by the intimate mixing of one pan

^tth another, by means of the grinding, as is faid before. Be

fides it having fo many ingredients, which are naturally hot

itrnuft ofnectffity have this Effeól, that is to fay,to oper

attenuate, and not to bind. And laying afide morereafons.

this truth is evidently feen in the Cacan it ielf \ which it i(

be not ithred, grinded and compounded to make the Cha-

colattss but be eaten as it is in the Fruit ( •• many Cri-

olian and Indian women eat it) it do- h oiabiy obüruci and

caufe toppings, and make them look a bioKen, p-ie and

earthy

top. XVI. oftkWcñ-lndkú Í41

thv colour, as do thofe that eat earthen ware, as pots>
pieces of lime-walls (which is much us'd amongft the
¡„i(h women, thinking that a pale and earthly colour,
)U2h with obftru&ions and ftoppings, well becomes them)
i for this certainly in the Cacao thus eaten there is no
ler reafon, but that the divers fubüances which it con-
ns, are not perfedly mingled by the maftications only,
t require the artificial mixture, which we have fpoken ofc

The Tree which doth bear this Fruit, is fo delicate and
1 earth where it groweth fo extream hot, that to keep
z three from being confumed by the Sun, they firft plant
tier Trees, which they call, las Madm del Cacao h mo-
ers of the Cacao •, and when thefe are grown up to a
>od height fit to (hade the Cacao Trees, then they plant
e Cacaste?, or the .Trees of Cacao i that when they iirft
-w themfelves abo\% the Ground thofe trees , which arc
ieady grown may inciter them, and as mothers nouriih,
fend, and fhadow them from the Sun-, and the Fruit
)th not grow naked, but many of them (as I have faid
fore ) are in one great husk or cod, and therein be-
les every grain is clos'd up in a white juicy skin, which
ie women alfo love to fuck offfrom the Cacao, finding it
)ol, and in the mouth diffolving into Water. There are
vo (oris of Cacao '•> the one is common, which is of a dark
)lour inclining towards red, being round and pick'd at
ie ends i the other is broader, and bigger, and flatter, and
ot fo round, which they call, Patlaxce, and this is
rhite, and more drying, and is fold a great deal cheap»
r than the former* And this efpecially, mote than the
ther caufeth watchfulnefs, and drives away ileep, and
bcrefore is not fo ufcful as the Ordinary, and is chiefly
pent by the Ordinary and meaner fort oí People As for
he reft of the ingredients which make this Cbocalattkal
onfedion, there is notable variety ■> for fome put into it
ilack Pepper, which is not well approve of by the Phy-
icians, becaufe it is fo hot and dry, but only for one who
lath a very cold liver i but commonly infteadof this Pep-

&>-•". F*

24¿ 4 ^P Survey. Chap. X\

per they put into it long red Pepper, calPd Chile, wr
though it be hot in the mouth, yet is cool and moiftin
operation. It is further compounded with white Sug
Ginamon, Cloves, Annifeed, Almonds, Hafel-nuts, Ore)
la, Bainilla, Sapeyal , Orange Flower Water, fome Mu
and as much of Achiotie, as will make it look of the coli
of a red bnck. But how much of each of thefe may
apply'd to fuch a Quantify of Cacao, the fcveral difpof
ons of Mens Bodies muft be their rule. The Ordinary
ceipt of Antonio Colmenero was this i To every hund:
Cacao\ two cods of Chile, call'd long red Pepper, <
handful of Annifeed and Orejuela's, and two of the Flc
crs call'd Mecbafachil, or Bainilla, or inflead of this fix
íts, oí Alexandria, beat to powder, two drams of Cini
mon, of Almonds and Hafel-nuts, of each one dozen j
white Sugar half a pound, of Achiotte, enough to giv
the colour. This Author thought neither Clove, i
Musk, nor any fwect water fit, but in the India's they
much us'd. Others ufe to put in Maiz, or Panifo, wh
is very windy, but fuch do it only for their profit, by
creating the quantity of Chocolatte > becaufe every
nega cr mea fare of Maiz containing about a buihel anc
half is fold for eight Shillings, and they that fell Chocolai
fell it for four Shillings a pound, which is the Ordin;
Price. The Cinnamon is held one of the beft ingredie
and denied by none, for that it ishot and dry in the th
degree, itpiovokes Urine, and helps the kidneys and re
of thofe v/hoare troubPd with cold difeaies, and it isgc
for the eyes, and in Erfed it is cordial, as appeareth by
Author of thefe vcrfes,

'Commoda & urine Cinamonum & renibus affert,
Lumina clarifícate dirá venena fagat.

The Jcbiottehzth a piercing, attenuating quality, as j
peareth by the common practice of the Phyíiciáns of the
¿ftf's, experienced daily in the effcéts of ir, who do give it
their Patients to cut and attenuate the grois humou

i wh

ap; XVI. ^tfcWcft.Indic£ Hi

chdo caufe ihorinefs of breath < and Sopping of Urine*
fo it is us'd for any kind of ovulations, and is gi-
for the fioppings which are in the bread, or in the re-
i of the Belly or any other part of the Body. This A-
fwalfogfoweth upon ä tree in round Husks, which aio
of red grains, írom whence the Acuate is taken, and
; made into a Paite, and then being dried up, is fafluon d
ier into round balls or cakes, or into the form ot little
•ks, and fo is fold. As concerning the long red Pepper
re are four forts of it * one is call'd Cbikhotes i the other
rery little,, which they call Chilterpin, and theie two lands
very quick and biting. The other two are call d, To-
chiles, and thefeare but moderately hot, for they are
:en with Bread by the Indians, as they eat other . Fruits.
t that which is ufually put into Chocolatte, calld Cfo/-
>ldetu, which hath a broad husk, and is not fo biting as
» firft, nor fo gentle as the laft. The Mechajuchil, or Btf-;
'la hath a purgative quality. All theie ingredients arc
aally put into the Chocolatte, and by fomc more, accor-
lg to their fancies. But the meaner fort of people, as Blacky
nrs and Indians, commonly put nothing into it but Cacao,
Krtté Mate, and afew Chiles with a little Anmfeed And
ough the Cacao is mingl'd with all thefe ingredients,
hich are hoc, yet there is to be a greater Quantity ot Caca9*
ianofallthereftofthe ingredients, which ferve to tern-
>r thecoldnefsof the Cacao; (torn whence it followeth
¡at thisChocolatical confe&ion is not fo cold as the Cacao,
Dr fo hot as the reft of the ingredients, but there refute
om the Adion and rcaäion of thefe ingredients, a mo-
erate temper, which may be good both for the cold and
ot ftomachs, being taken moderately. f ,. , . *t
Now for the making or compounding ot this drink, I
hall fet down here the method. The Coca», and the o-
her ingredients muft be beaten in a mortar of none, or (as
he Indians ufe ) ground upon a broad ftone which they
M Metate, and is only made for that ufe. But hrft the
ingredients are all to be dried, except the Achate, with
sare that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them

1 44 r4 $M SwW Chap. X^

ftillín ñirring, that they be not burnt or become black

for if they be over-dried, they will be bitter and lofe thi

Virtue. The Cinnamon and the long red Pepper are

be firft beaten with the Annifeed, and then the Caa

which muit be beaten by little and little, till it be all poi

dred; and in the beating it muft betum'd round, that

may mix the better. Everyone of thefe ingredients mi

be beaten by it felf, and then all be put into the Veil

where the Cacao h9 which you muft ftir together with

Spoon, and then take out that Pafte, and put it into tl

mortar, under which there muft be a little Fire, after tí

confection is made, but if more Fire be put under than w

only warm it, the unduous part will dry away. Tl

Achiotte alfo muft be put in in the beating, that it may tl

bettter take thecolour. All the ingredients muft be fearc'

fa ve only the Cacao, and if from the Cacao the dry flit

betaken, it will be the better. When it is well beaten ar

incorporated ( which will be known by the íhortnefsof i

then with a Spoon (fo in the India's is us'd ) is taken t

fome of the paite, which will be almoft liquid, and ma<

into Tablets, or elfe without a Spoon put into Boxes, ar

when it is cold it will be hard. Thofe that make it ir

io Tablets, put a fpoon full of the pafte upon a piece of Pape

( the Indians put it upon the leaf of a plantin Tree ) when

being put into the ihade (for in the Sun it melts and dil

folvesjit grows hard i and then bowing the paper or les

thejablet fals off, by reafon of the fafnefs of the pafte. Bu

if it be put into any thing of earth, or Wood, it (ticks fail

and will not come off, but with fcrapingor breaking. Th

manner of drinking it, is divers j the one (being the wa

moft us'd in Mexico ) is to take it hot with Atolle, diííb!

ying a Tablet in hot Water, and then ftining and beatin,

it in the Cup where it isto fee drunk, with a Molinet an.

whenrt is well iiiir'd to a ¿cum or froth, then to fill th

cup with hot Atolle, and fo drink it fup by fop. Anothe

way is, that the Chocolatte being diffolv'd with cold Wa

ter and ftirr'd with the Molinet, and the fcum taken of

and put into another VeíTel i the remainder be fet upon th

Fire

íhap.XVL of the Weft-Indies. M5

ire, withas much Sugar as willfweeten it, and when it is
-arm, then to pour it upon the (cum which was taken
ñ before, and fo to drink it. But the moft Ordinary way
; to Warm the Water very hot, and then to pour out halt
ie cup full that you mean to drink ', and to jut into it
Tablet or two, or as much as will thicken reafonably the
Vater, and then grind it well with theMolinet, and when
• is well around and rifen to a (cum, to fill the cup with
ot WaterT and fo drink it by Sups (having fweetned it with
ugar )and to eat it with a little Conferve, ormaplebre*d,
ieep'd into the Chocolatte. Befides thefe ways there is a-
lother way ( which is much us'd in the Iflmd of Santo
domingo) which is to put the Chocolatte into a Pipkin,
wth a little Water, and to let it boil well till it be diffolv d,
,nd then to put in fuffident Water and Sugar according to
he Quantity of Chocolatte, and then to boil it again,
mtil there comes an oily fcum upon it, and then to
Irink it. There is another way yet to drink Chocolatte,
vhich is cold, which the Indians ufe at falls, to refrelh
themfelyes, and it is made after this manner. The Cho-
:olatte (which is made with none or very few ingredients,)
jeingdiffoVdincold Water with the Molinet, they take
3ff the Scum or crafty part, which rifeth in great Quan-
tity, efpecially when the Cacao is Older and more putrifi-
ed. The Scum they lay afide in a little DHh by it felf, and
then put Sugar into that part from whence was taken the
Scum, and then pour it from on high into the Scum, and
fo drink it cold. And this Drink is fo cold, that it agreeth
not with all Mens Stomachs \ for by Experience it hath been
found, that it doth hurt, by cauiing pains in the Stomach,
efpecially to Women. The third way of taking it is the
moll us'd, and thus certainly it doth not hurt, neither know
I why it may not be ufed as well in England as in other
parts &oth hot and cold i for where it is fo much ufed,
the moil if not all, as well in the India's^ as in Spain? Italy %
F lander s'( which is a cold Country J rind that it agreeth well
with them. True it h3 it is uled more in the India\

R 2 than

24^ ¿New Survey Chap. XV

*han in the European parts, becaufe there the Stomac
are more apt to faint than here, and a Cup of Choc
latte well confe&ioned comforts and ilrengthens the St
macb. For my felf Í mufb fay,- I ufed it twelve years co
itantly, Drinking one Cup in the morning ■ another yet h
fore Dinner between nine or ten of the clocki another with
an hour or two after Dinner, and another between fo
and five in the afternoon ; and when I was purpos'd i
fit up late to ftudy, I would take another Cup about fev<
or eight at night, which would keep me waking till aboi
midnight. And if by chance i did negleór any of the
accuftomed hours, I prefently found my fiomach faint
And with this cuftom I lived i2 years in thoie par
healthy, without any obílruéhons, or oppilations, n<
knowing what either Ague or Feaver was. Yet will
not dare to regulate by mine own, the Bodies of other
nor take upon me theskillof a Phyfician, to appoint an
define at what time and by what pcrfons this Drink ma
beuied, Only ifay, I have known fome that have bee
fheworfefor it, either for Drinking it with too much Si
gar, which hath relaxed their Stomachs, or for Diinkin
St to often. For cartainly if it be drunk beyond meafan
not only this Chocolatte but all other drinks, or meat
though of themfelves they are good and wholefom the
way be hurtful. And if fome have found it oppiktiv.
jt hath come by the too too much ufe cf it .; as whe
one dnnks over much wine, initead of comforting am
warmmg h»nfclf, he breeds and nourilhetb cold difeafes
becaufe nature cannot overcome it, nor turn io great
Quantity into good .nourillimenr. So he that drink
muchChocolarte, which hath fat parts, cannot make di
ílnbuíion of fo great a Quantity to all the parts j and tba
part which remains in the flender veins of the liver mul
needs caufe oppilations and obiirudions. But laftly to con
elude with this Indm drink, I will add what I hav,
neard Phyiicians of tht Indies fay of it, and have fecn i
by experience in others ( though never I could find it it
Kft5 W thᣠfbofij tint tüc this Chocolatte much,

gtov^

bap. XVI. of the Weft-Indies 247

A rnrrulent bv it : which indeed may feem

I íey;tefa KS tKa ie «Vuh lo predominate
ve already fatd, «hat tneyuai nnfittoadd

ve already ia.d in« «.«**-■» ffi • ft (0 add

PffiSlf ^ board this ^»g^

riifck Pap mack of the Flour of UÚ1 , taking off the
£ £ 1 m 5 which is windy and Melancholy. Tfeis^j
Husk from U, wuich s v y Wonien to the Mar-

! ^XdentT, 'as we go to a Tavern «o Dru.k a cup

of Wine, fo they tp in Company to the PuMjck MaiKe s

R. 4- *""

M® ANmSuney Chap. XVlJ

and as publickly buy and drinkiby mcafure of this Atoll
whtchfometmiesis feafoned withi . little Chile or hft
Pepper, and then it pleafeth them beft. BmheJjSL»

coU:áha;ryPen t0 *"~*. ^UhhathLTtnTft

chap. xvn.

Shewing my Jottr„ey frm tk Q. , .
m Guatemala, and tk chief \Lstfhi

He time now be.ng come that I was to leave the littl.
City of Chupa, I took fome oeca'fion before-ha, d

!, Phí myJCaVe 0t TV bcft ftiends> whofe children I h
taught, and at my departure I muft conflfs I found them
kmd and bouwrtul, except it were Do,m MagdlZl
*f' ^vvhomldidnotexpca, neither did J defit
anyfarewe!, or adieu token. But among all, th Gov "
outs wtfe was moft liberal unto me, ffnding me S
boxes cf A.omaccal Chocholatte, and one ex^rdS
g eat nox with four feveral divifions of different Confaves

ben telina 8 '' a PKiem " Was which mi8«' ^ve
been lent to a greater man than to a poor worthíft Men

tlV T%"i^ With this in a tendkerchkf adozen
Pieces of Eight. Dm Aíf/A„, ¿ Plazco yet exceeded her
rn words and complements, I mtan, but n de«U he and
alltnectewof theCriolians muft think to comcfino.t of

c hesn

m XVH. of the Weft-Indies. 24?

/who areborn in Spain. The firft Town I went unto
V» fix leagues from Cbiapa , a fair and great
,nT¿ái«./, who are held to be next unto the &£
of the other Cbiapa in fitting and tiding a hoife. Iu
Town i nothingio confiderable as theChurch, which
reatad ftrong, and the mufick belonging unto it fweet
rarmonioul § The Vicar or Curate of this place was
S«r Martyr a Criolian, whom I knew could not
ur the Prior nor me , yet he would diffemble a love
S^ntd exceeding well, and in outward few. «fe
Loaradusnt Ä He knowing my prevalency with
Prior, durit not but give me very good entertainment
jch continued two days, until I was weary of his com»

The 'third day I took my leave of him, who would not
t leave me, but would condudt me to > Comtlan, .whi-
n I was invited by the Prior of that Ctoiftcr, named
yer Thomas Rocolam a French man, who being a ftran-
r to the Spaniards ( for befides htm and my tcif there
as no other (hanger in that Country J dented acquaw-
nce with me, which he began to fettle by meeting ine
the halfway with many Indians on Horle-back, having
rovided an harbour where we might more conveniently
Dnfer and reft while our Chocolatte and other refreshments
.ere provided. But the O iolian Peter Martyr was not a
ttle envious, ( as I was afterwards informedún the Uoiuer)
0 fee me fo much made of and cfteemed in the Country,
'Ct his fair words and.complements far exceeded the iince-
ity and down-rightnefc of my French friend. At Com*.
E I ftav'd a whole week, riding about with the Prior
Wthc Indian Towns, and down the hill to the valley
tiCopaitabtfla, where 1 injoy'd much paftime and lecrc-.
ation among the Fryers and Indians, and was feafted al-
ter the manner of the Country, which knoweth more ot
an Epicurean diet than doth England, or any part ct Eu-
rope; nay I am perlwadecU and I have heard Spaniards
confks it ) that Spain hath taken from the India's tmce
the conqueft many kites for the Veiling of fcveral diihes
x and

■

2-5° A NewSuryey Chap. X\

and competing a feaft or Banquet. After the week

ended my French friend the Prior conduced me to

qmnmango, to fee me well furnifhed up the Mountain

Cmhumathnes. This Town fas I have formerly obferv'

ffandeth almofi at the end of the Valley of Copanaball

and within two leagues of the Cucbumatlaneu It is c

of the fincil Indian Towns of all the Province of Cbta

and very Rich, by Reafon of the much Cotton woollin'

and especially by Rcafqn of its fituatton ; ending in t

Road- Way to Guatemala, all the Merchants of the Cou

try that trade with their mules that way, p¿fs through tl

I own, and there buy and fell, enriching it with their mor

and tar brought Commodities. It is moil plentifully fi

red with fruits, especially with what they call Pink

line fruit, lc ftandcth clofe by the great River, whi

runneth to ChUpa of the Indians, and hath its fpring n

far oíf from the Cucburnatlanes, and yet at this Town

vtry broad and deep. No Man norbeait Travelling to Gu

témala, can go into it, or from Guatemala can go out

it, but by ferrying over. And the Road b;ing much us

and beaten by Travellers, and by fuch as they call Requ

of mules ( every Requa confiding of 50 or threefco:

mules) this Ferry is day and night imployU, and yiel<

much creafure 10 the Town at the years end. The India,

of the Town betides the ferry boat, have made mar

other little boats, or Canoas to go up and down the R

ver. Hither when the Prior of Comitlan lud brougl

me, we were waited for by the Vicar or Fryer of that Tow

with the chief and principal Indians, and moft of the C;

rtoa's. As we ferryed over the little Canoa's went befoi

us with the Qua liters of the Church tinging before u

and with others founding their Waits and Trumpets. Th

Fryer that lived in this Town was call'd Fryer Hkronyñ

de Guevara, little in ltature, but great in fíate, pride an

vanity, as he ilievved himfelf in what he had provide

tor us both of Fiih and Fleih. A brave Proftffor or vowe

of Mendicancy and poverty he was, who in twelv

years that he had lived in the Town, what by mummln

lap. XVII. o/ the Weft-Indies. 25»

Maffes for the dead and living, what by ^ff&M
ÄepoorWi-w, what by trading ar.dnafck
■ t, A- Merchants that ufed that Road, had got hx
Zd Ducka" whch he had ient to Spain to the
of M^W t'o Hade with them Simoniacally fot the
t t^iChiala "hich if he obtained not,(yetwhen
hoprtck of Chafa, wn w£nt ^ he ^

Xeed" ) n woJ»d was Sellable with a fecond
m nhtain a better After two days feafting with
tVJl Pio,ÓfC-/*»both joyned their Pow-
"a'd Authority to fee me we!, manned *$**%
the firft Town of the Carte»^»"; A Mule was
e ed to carry my bedding f «-eh we common!
,tved with us in chelis oí leather call d Petaca s )
Tall» .0 carry my Petaquilla .where, .was ;my
;hocolatteand all implements to mate t* and three more
1¿ to ride before andbehind togu.de me; but to all
fe nothing was tobe paid, f left .cuito» of paying
™dbe brought in, for fo they doledme as ano-
ce in that Country,) except it were <°B"« «*«"»?*
f Chocholattc if I drank in the way, or when 1 came to
1 iourneys end. Here I took my leave of mrgood
felS, who yet continued ftiendibip with me
'faquem letters to Guatemala) and of my low but
|h minded Guevara, «ho bad me «K*^Ä;
[v entertainment, until I were well p fl* over the C«-
|£&, and' anived at ^«Srllh
davs journey from thence. Yet he told me 1 m.glit
demand whit fervice I lift from <he Indians, and call for
Si had a mind to eat without paying any mony
fo It I did write down my expences in the common

T7husTw¿nt away from my friend, fomewhat heavy
having no other company but unkown Uiam, leavmg
aplealant and delightfom valley behind me , and fc|-
in? nothing before me but high and fteepy hill and
moun«ins,\nd conhdering <»«>^f^S
íhould fee no mote gallant pominwn, and of mine ^

2J2 J New Survey Cfiap.x;

** upon j4 hutfcfoooTL;rfr m

13SÜ3L IBgtSftÄ ä

a for off/yet a i 3|*C ^1™]1»5 Cerned I

end of Wmter. The hrli Town Í came to amonXeh
Mountains was called St. Martin a lif.l, w 8J r
nventyhoufo. I Went^fe^gfel^
franefcan Fryers C who fddotn in the year came ¿th
poverty of houfe and houfc room ) wbe « i llh tS Í
caufedthe 7ÄÄi tobe called, who wete appointed
g.ve attendance to travellers and paffengers iTnd the
very tradable and dutiful, bidding melelcoU brinein
me hotwaterformyChocolatte, which l drahkoÄ

i fhed" , 8an Unt° ?y l"di**! of^?«»"»"ho«
frelhed themfclves and their mules well for nofh W t"

being a cuftom among thófe Towns in the Road to wel

come one another whenfoever they come with r.vXr

¿Skt*tl hadJ°r my fuPP" anr thi"S that place won U
afford, bud made choce oía Pullet whirl, I IT T
would be cheapen for the poor ¿2 £ iStAítS

aaÄ^ í7 esas

.na httle thatched Gobe,% ¿fe bo/s fppoTn ed t
fl eep .,„ the next room to me, and to be at hand if in tne
mgnt I fnould wan, any thing. Thus haying appointed

what

,ap.XViL of the Weft-Indies. ; 255

,t attendance I had need of in the morning to the next
Wn difcharging the Indians that had brought me from
untenant I went unto my reft, which 1 took as qm-
f as if I had been in the company of my beft friends.
e next day being accompanied by two Indians, having
1 my carriage by another, 1 took my journey to the next
,wn which U*cmCtukHW*lmrwd% becaufe it ftan-
th on the higheft part of thofe Mountains, and mthe
iy the Indian' (hewed me the head fpnng or fevjnr
n Of the «cat River of Cbiapa of the Indians, which is
e on!v remarkable thing in that Road. Cucbumatlm
ande is a Town a little bigger than St Marty, and of
di'ans very courteous, who are ufed and beaten to day-
travellers, and fo make Very much ofshem. Here I
as entertained as the night before and found the poor
idians willing to give me whatfoeyer I demanded for
w better andfafei guiding and conducing tne next day,
idtrut night for my fupper what I pkafed to call tor,
rhhout any pay, but only writing down my name and ex-
ences with the day and month in their common book of
ccounts. This are thofe poor wretches brought to by the
rvers and commanding Juftices, though of themfelves
hev have no more than a Milpa oí Maíz as they term it,
>r a little Indian Wheat Plantation, with a* -much Chile as
fill fuffice them for the year, and what.the Merchants and
rravtllers give them voluntarily, which is little enough.
From this Town 1 would not follow the Road to the next,
which was a long journey of fe ven or eight leagues with-
out baiting by the way ; and alfe becaufe i had been inter-
ned at Cbiapa Má at CapanabaUla of aftrange piflurc oí
our Lady, which was amongft thofe Mountains in a little
Town of Indians calPd Cbiantla , which in this da^s jour-
ney being not above a league out of my way, I was rcfoU
ved to fee. The ways were bad, lying out of the Road,
yet by noon I got to Cbiantla, which is a Town belonging
unto Mercenarian Fryers, who doubtlefs would noi be
able tofubfift in fo poor a place, had they not invented
that toadftoric of their pi&ure of Maty and cried it up for

miracu-

4
'■V.

\

2J4 ''¿ New Survey Chap: XVJ

miraculous, to draw people far and near, and all Travel!,
from the Road to pray unto it, and to leave their gifts a.
alms unto them for their Prayers and Maffes Such an
come of treafureand riches hath been got from deluded a.
ignorant fouls to this beggarly Town, that the Fryers ha
had «herewith to build a Cloitter able to maintain four ,
hve of them. The Church is richly furniihed, but efpec
ly the high Altar, where the Piéfure ftandeth in a Tabe
nackw,th halfa dozen curtains of Silk, Sattin, Cloth,
gold, .with borders of gold-lace before it, wearing a "i
Crown of gold, thickly befet with Diamonds and om
pecio» ftones There hang before it at lead a do*
rich lamps of Givers and in the Vefiry of the Churc
are many Gowns, Candleflicks of Giver, Cenfers to bur
Frank.ncenfe before ,t, befides rich Copes, Veftments
Churdh ' C "'' andhan§W fot Tth

,hJ0iZC\fth¡KÍS/ treafur,C hid in 'he Mountain ;C
that .t could be found out to do the Lord fervice • I wa
welcomed to this place by thofe Fryers, who were firaLr
untóme ; my head was filled that day by them with re ,
tionso, «range and many miracles, or lies, which they tol<
n,e of that Mute, but theheavinefs of my head did m
good in iomethmg, for ie made me more drowfie at nil
and apter to take good reft. The next day I got intofh,
Eoad agam and went» .he hit Town ¿f tide C*Z
matlane, call'd Ckautlan, where I ftay'd all that day and
night, and fent before a letter to the Prior of Salpl
of mygomgthithenhe next day. In CbauUM I was very
kindly ufedby tUIWdUú,, and liked the Town the better
for the excellent grapes which there I found, not planted
hke : Vineyards, but growing up in Arbou.s, tó (hew that if
that land were planted, it would certainly yield as eood
grapes for w,ne as any are in Spain. They are carried
from thatpIacetoG^emA, which fiands from it near
40 leagues, and are fold about the fireets for rarities
and great dainties-, and well may they, fo, fiom Ató.
to (iMUmd* there are none like them. The next morn-
ing

,ap. XVII; of the Weft-Indies. 255

I madehafte tobe gone, that I might come thefoon-
to Sacapula , where I was to hnd them oí mine
n profeflion. with whom I knew I might nay and reft
whole week if I plcafcd. I had not rid above three
gues , when I began to difcoverat a low and deep bot-
1 a pleafant and goodly Valley laced with a River,
lofc water receiving the glorious brightnefs of ?beb*s
ams, reverberated up, to the top of the Mountain a
lightfome profpcä to the beholders', the more I hafted
th« feemingParadife, the more did the twinkling and
niton ftream invite me down the hill i which I Had no
oner defcended, but I found in an Arbour by the water
lethe Prior of S acapnia h\mk\f with a good Tram ofc
tdians, waiting for me with a cup of Chocóla tte. Ac
ie nrft I was a little daunted to behold the Prior, who
,oked moft fearfully with a bladder from his throat fwel-
d almoft round his neck, which hung over his ihoulders
id breaft, andftay'd up his chin, and lifted up his head
) that he could fcarce look any whither but up to hea-
en. In our difcourfe he told me that difeafe had been
.ponhim at leaft ten years, and that the water of that
liver, had cauied it in him, and in many others of- that
[own. This made me now as much out of love with
he River, as above the hill I had liked the goodly fight
^f it and therefore refolv'd not to nay fo long in that
iaée'as I had thought, left the water ihould mark me
"or all my life, as they had done this Prion whofe name
was Prior John de la Cruz, a Bifcain born , and ( like,
iome of that nation ) a little troubled with the fimples
but a good hearted man, humble and well beloved over
all the Country, both by Spaniards and Indians. When
I came to the Town I difcovered many men and women
with bladders in their throats, like the poor Prior, which
made me almoft unwilling to drink there any Chocolatte
made with that water, or eat any thing drefled with it,
until the Prior did much encourage me, and told me that
it did not hurt all, but only fome, and thofe who did
drink it cold \ wherewith I refolv'd to iiay these fourot

five

■p

■

%$6 A New Survey Chap. X\

five days bscaufe of the old Priors importunity, y
would fain have had me continue to live with him', p
miiing to teach me the Indian language in a very ih
time. But higher matters calling me to Guatemala, I c
cufed my felf, and continued there five days with mi
recreation. The Town though it be not in the gene
very rich, yet there are Come Indian Merchants who tra
about the Country, and efpecially to Suchutepeques, whi
is the chief ílore oí Cacao, and thereby fome of this To\
of Socápala^ have inriched themfelvesi the reft oft
jpeopk trade in pots and pans, which they make of an eai
there fit for that purpofe. But the principal Merchandi
of this place is Salt , which they gather in the raornh
from that ground that lyeth near the River. The air is he
by reafon the Town ftandeth low, and compafled wii
riigh hilis on every fide. Befides many good fruits ^¡vhi<
are here, there are Dates as good as thofe that come fioi
Barbary , and many trees of them in the Garden belongin
to the Cloifter. After I had here wearied out the wear
nets which I brought m my bones from the Cmbumatlane
I departed taking my way to Guatemala, and from Saa
" pula I went to a Town call'd St. A«drei, or St. Andrew,
which* fiandeth fix cr feven leagues from Sacapula, a grea
Town, but nothing remarkable in it, fave only Cotton
wool and Turkks, and about it iomc rich Eftantia's o
Farms of Cattel, which are commodioufly feated here, i
being a plain Champaign Country. Yet at the further en<
oí this plain there isa Mountain which difcourageth wief:
the light all fuch as travel to Giiatemala. From St. Andrei
I prepared my felf for the next days journey, which was oi
nine long leagues, to a very great Town calPd by twe
names, by fomc Sacualpa^ by other*, Sta-Maria Zajabab
to the which I could not go without palling over that
Mountain. Í fent word of going to Zojabah the day be-
fore (as is the cuftom there) that Mules and horfes might
meet me upon the Mountain i and the night before I went
to a Rancho f which is a lodge built for travellers to reft
when the journey is long J which itood within a league oí

ltfí-1

lap.XVH. o/ífeWeft-Indies2 'i'lt

Mountain by a River, where with the waters murmur
I refreihing gales I took good reft. In the morning ha-
g refreftied my felf, and my Indians with Chocolatte, I
out to encounter with that proud Mountain y and when
ame unto it I found it not fo hard to overcome, as i had
iceited, the way lying wirh windings and turnings?
t the higher I mounted the more my eyes were trou-
d with looking to the River below, whofe rocks were
>ugh to aftoniih and make a ftout heart tremble. About

middle of the mountain xht Indians olZobajaomct us,
th a mule tor me, and another for my. carriage in a nar-
v- paffage where the way went wheeling. Here 1 light-

whilft the Indians helped one another to unload my.
f mule and get me a frtih one. Out of the narrow way
• fide of the Mountain was fteepy, and a tearful preci-
I of two or three miles to the bottom, *lmoft bare of
es, here and there one only growing. My heart was
ie unto me, wühing me to walk up a foot until I came
to forne broader paffage ', but the Indians perceiving
I? fear, tddme there was no danger i during me further
it the Mule they had brought was fure, and had been
•11 ufed to that mountain. With their pCitwalioní I-
If up, but no (boner was Í mounted when the Mule be-
n to play her pranks and kick, and to leap out of the
iy, carting me down and her felf, both roulmg and turn-
ing apace to the rocks, and death, had not a ihrubprc-
ntcd me, and a tree flopped, the Muks blind fury. The
dians cried out, milagro, milagro, miracle, miracle, Santo ¿
ww, a Saint, a Saint, to tne fo loud as it they would have
id their cry reach to Rome to help forward my canoniza-
m ; for many fuch miracles have by iome been noiied at
ame and with further contribution of mohy have been
irolled in the' book and Catalogue oi Saints. Whilft
,c Indians helped me up and brought the Mule again
to the way, they did nothing but flatter tne with this
rrriSainti which they needed not have done, if as they
>nfidered my dangerous fail and (topping at a Oí rub
whiehwasby chance, and not by miracle ) they had fur*
S the|

>

258 . rJ New, Survey Chap. X^

the* confidered my paffion and haft? wrath ( not befit
a Saint) wherewith I threaded to baft their ribs for
ceiymg me with ¡x young Mule not well accuftomed to
faddJc But all my hafty words and anger could not
credit me with them, nor Men their conceit of my r
nefs and fan&ity, who hold the anger and wrath of a P
to be the breath of Gods noftrils, and with this their Í
"J* conceit of me, they kneeled before me kiffing my ha.
The bufincfs being further examined, they confefled 1
í hey had been mifiakcn in the Mules, having fadled
me that which ihould have carried my Petacasbr leath
chefis, which was a young Mule accuftomed only toca
ages, and not to the faddle, and upon that which ihc
have been fadled they put my carriage. Whilft they 1
loaded and loaded again and fadled the right Mule, I wa
ed up the Hill about a mile, and when they overtook m
got up and rid till I met with my refreshing harbour 2
Cnocolatte, and many Indians that came to receive 1
among whom it was prefently noifed that I was a Sa
and had wrought a miracle in the way i with this the 1
ot the Indians kneeled to me and kiiled my hands, and
the way that we went to the Town, all their talk v
of my fan&ity. I was much vexed at their fimplici
but the more they faw me unwilling to accept of that r
nour, the more they preffed it upon me. When I cai
to the Town i told the Fryer what had happened, a,
what the fooliih Indians had conceited i at which he laua
ed, and fold me that he would warrant me if I ftayed loi
m the Town, all the men and women would come
Ms my hands and to offer their gifts unto me. He kne
well their qualities, or elfe had taught them this fuperfti
on with many others-, for no foonerhad we dined b
many were gathered to the Church to fee the Saint th
was come to their Town, and that had wrought a m
racle in the mountain as he came. With this I began
be moie troubled than before, at the folly of the (imp
people, and defired the Fryer to check and rebuke thee
who by no means wou!ds but rather laughed at it, fa

inj

hap. XVII. oftfeWeft-Indíes¿ t^

r that in policy we ought to accept of any honour from
? Indians, for as long as we had credit and an opinion
Saints among them, folong we mould prevail to do any
ng with them, yea even to command them and their
tunes at our pleafure. With this I went down with the
yer to the Church, and fat down with him in a chair in
c Quire, reprefenting the perfon of fuch a Saint as they
agined me to be, though in realty and truth but a wretch-
No foóner had we taken up our places, when the Mi-
r men, women and children came up by three and four,
whole families to the Quire, firft kneeling down for my
fling, and thenkuTmg my hands, they began to fpeak
me in their Indian complements to this purpofe, that
>ir Town was happy and doubtlefs bkiTed from heaven
' my coming into it, and that they hoped their fouls
mid be much the better if they might partake of my.
lyers to God for them. And for this purpofe fome of»
ed unto me mony, fome hony, fome eggs, fome little
mtles, fome plantins, and other fruits, fome fowls, and
ne turkies. The Fryer that fat by me I perceived was
er joyed with this, for he knew 1 was to be gone, and
wld leave unto him all thofe offerings. I deiired him
make anfwer unto the Indians in my behalf, exculmg,
i as not well verfed in their language ( yet the fools if
ey thought and judged me to be a Saint, might have ex-
ceed from me alfo the gift of tongues > which he did,
ling them that I had been but a while in that Country,
d though I underftood part of their language, yet could
it fpeak nor pronounce it perfe&ly, and therefore from
she did give "them hearty thanks for the great love they
d [hewed unto an EmbafTadour oí God, witnefiing it.
ith fo many iorts of offerings, which aíTur'edly íhould
tnind him and me of our offerings for them, in our pray»
s and hearty recommendations of them acd their chil-
en unto God. Thus was that Ceremony ended, the In-
ins difmifled, and the Fryer and í went up to a cham-
r, where he began to tell his eggs and lm% and to dii-.
S % pole

I

i6o rJNw Survey Chap: XV

pofe of fome of them for our fupper •, he told me he woi
take them, but at my departure would give me fomewl
tor them i he bad me keep what mony they had given n
afid told me I was welcome unto him, and no burthenfc
gueft, but very profitable, who had brought with me ftc
of provihon for my felf and for him many days after T
mony I received came to forty Rials, befides twenty whi
he gave me for the other offerings, which might be woi
forty more i all this I got for having a fall from a Mule, a
for not breaking my neck. I would fain have departed t
next morning, but John Vidall ( fo was the Fryer namec
would not permit me, for that the next journey was of
icait io leagues, and therefore he would have me reft i
telt the next day.

■ This Town of ¿$aj*k or SacapuU isthebiggeft ai
faireft of all the Towns that belong unto the Priory
bacapula; the Indians are rich and make of their Cotto
wool many mantles, they have plenty of hony, and m
flocks of goats and kids i but here, nor in all the Tow
behind there is no wheat, fave only Indians Maiz T
next day fome (mail offerings fell unto me, but nothing li
the day before v and fo I told the Fryer, that now t
peoples devotion was decayed, I would be gone in t
morning before day. That night the chief Indians
the Town came to ofTer their fervice and attendance apt
me to a Rancho or lodge that itaVdeth in the middle wai
but I would not accept of the great ones, but defired tri
I might have three only of the meaner fort to guide r
nil I met with company from the Town whither I w
going, and whither I had fent warning of my comin
The time appointed was three of the clock in the mor
ingi at which hour after a little fleep I was called, ai
having drunk my Chocolata?, and eat a maple bread svi
a little Conferye, I prepared my fclf for my joumeyfar
Sound the Indians ready waiting for me in the yard, wii
pieces of pine- wood, which burn like torches, and wii
which they ufe to travel in ihe night, and to íhew ti
Way to him whom they guide. A little from the Town v

tap. XVII. of the Weft-Indies. 161

feme craggy ways, which indeed had need of light!»
afterwards we came into a plain champaign Country*
ich continued till within a league of the middle way
as tothewhichweweretodeicendafteephill. When
came thither ( which was about feven in the morning J
found our freih fupply waiting for us, who hadfetout
n their Town at midnight to meet us ( note the Indp%

{ubieäion to their Priefts command and had made
i fire, and warmed water for our Chocolatie. Which
lift I was drinking, the Indians of Zobajab, who had
ided me thither, gave notice to thoie that came to re-
vé me from St. Martin ( fo was the Town called whither
ras that day minded ) of my miracle andfanäity, wiln-
r them to reverence and refped me in the way» But
\ for this their fooliih report did I make the Indians oí
bajab drink every one a cup of Chocolatte, and to dil-
iffed them, and took forwards my journey to St. Matwu
oft of the wav was hilly and craggy till we came within
ro miles of the Town", to the which we arrived by
,on. This Town is cold, ftanding high, yet pleafant
r the profped almoft to Guatemala; here, and in moit
■ the Towns about it is moft excellent Wheat. The
3ny of this Town is the belt in the Country; but above
1 it furniiheth Guatemala with Quails, Parxndges, and
abbits. it is the firft Town we enter into belonging to
K City and command of Guatemala y which did not a
ttle comfort me, that now i wanted but one good jour-
ey to make an end of my long, tedious, and weanfom tra-
iling The Fr^er of this Town named Thomas de la
)ruz belonged unto the Dominican Gloifter of Cuaterna-
«• he was a Criolian, but yet he entertained me very^
ovingty. I ftayed with him but that mght. And in
he moreing ( though I might have gone to dinner to Gua-
rníala) I would needs go by the way to one of the b»g-
nft Towns in thatCeuntry, called Cbimaltenango, ftandmg
In an open valley three leagues from the City, confifting
Ú a thoufand houfe- keepers, and rich Indians who trade
much about the Country. In this Town in my time there

té % A New Surrey Chap. XVlI

was one Indian, who alone had heftowed upon the Churd
five thoufand ducates. TheChurch yields to. none in th
City oí Guatemala, and in muiick it exceeds moft about th
Country. The chief feaft of Cbimaltenangoh upou the 2(
day of Julh (which they call St. Anns day ) and then is th
richeft fair that ever my eyes beheld in thofe parts of a
forts of Merchants and Merchandize ; It is farther fecfortl
with Bull-baiting, Horfe-racing, Stage-plays, Mafque!
Dances, Mufick, and Ml this gallantry performed by th
Indians of the Town. The Fryer of this Town was
Dominican, belonging to the Cloifter of the Pominican
of Guatemala, named Alonfo Hidalgo, a four-eyed ©Id mar
For he always wore fpe&acles. He was a Spaniard born
but having been brought up in that Country from his youth
and having taken his habit and vows in Guatemala amongl
the Criolians, he degenerated from his birth and Country
men, hating all fuch as came from Spain. He was a dead
ly enemy to the Provincial (aiming indeed himfelf to b
Provincial with the favour of the Criolians ) and fo I per
ccived he would have-picked- a quarrel with me, whilft
was with him i he told me Í was welcome, though he hac
little rea.ion to bid any welcome that had come from Spain
who he thought came but to fupplant thofe that had beei
born and brought up there in their own Country, and tha
for ought he knew, I learning the language of thofe Indi
am might one day difpoffefs him of that Town, whereit
he had continued above ten years i he inveyed much a
gainft the Provincial and Fryer John Baptift the Prior o
Guatemala, whom he knew to be my friend , but to all thi
I anfwered not a word, refpeäing his grave and old age
and.Ciyftal fpeéhcles. At laft he told me that he had hearc
¿ay, that the Indians of Zohajafyhid cryed me up for a Saint
which he could not believe of any that came from Spain
much lefs of me that came from England a country of he-
reticksi but he feared rather that I might come as a ipie
to view the riches of that their Country, and betray therr
henafter m England \ and that in Gztatemal&th.exe were ma
jny rich pieces, especially a picure of our Lady5 anda lamp

¡hap. XVIL of the Well-Indies. i«j

thcCbífterof the Dominicans, which he doubted not
i I would be careful to pry into. But all this I put up
itha ieft, faying, I would be fure to take notice hift of
,e riches of his chamber in Pictures, Hangings, and nch
abinets, and that if the Engl» came : thither in any jime,
would furely conduce them to it •, and if he himfelf would
itcaufc a let of teeth of fiber to be fit in his gums and
ws in ftead of thofe leaden ones, ( for he was ; fa old that
c had loft all his teeth, and had got fome of lead in their
ead) then furely I would alio conduft the Englf to him
s to a rich prize for his teeth, and that I would^warrant
im he (hould be well ufed for his outward and inward
ichesi and that this my counfel might be profitable and
f confequence to him, I told him, that if the EngW
tiould come, certainly they would try of what mettal his
ecth were made, thinking that they might be of iome
are andexquifite fubftance found only in that Country,
aid fo might caufe him to drink fuch hot and folding
>roath, (to try whether they were lead J as might melt
hem in his mouth, and make the melted lead run down
lis throat, which if they were of íil ver they would not do.
He perceived that I jearedhim, and fohe let me alones
[ was glad I had put him out of his former byas of railing >
[b dinner being ended, I told him I would not flay fupper,
but go to Guatemala to a light fupper in the Cloiftcr , tor
that he had given me fuch a dinner, as I feared I liiould
not have digeikd it in few days. I defired him to let me
have Indians to guide me to Guatemala, which he Willingly
performed, peradventure fearing that if I ftayed fupper
with him, 1 ihould melt the teeth in his mouth with lome
fcalding cup of my Chocolatte brought from Cbtafa or
that in the night I ihould rifle or plunder his Chamber ok
his rich Idols and Ebony Cabinets. The Indians being come,
I.madehafle to be gone from that four-eyed Beaft, being
now defirous of a conftant reft in Guatemala. Within a
league from this Town of Cbimaltenango, the Road way
leaving that open, wide, and fpacious valley, contratas and
gathered* in it fcli between hills and mountains flanging
v $4 w

ä ¿4 TA New Survey Chap. XV

on each fide, and fo continueth to the City. From t

Valley unto Guatemala, neither is there any afcent or

icent, but a plain, broad and iandy way. The eye h

much to view, though compaffed with Mountains, in th

«wo .aft leagues i for yet it may behold a Town of Indi

which taketh up moft of the way, and is counted as big

Cbtmaltftiango, if not bigger, the houfes lying fcatte

With a diftance one from another, mingled with ma

tan buildings oí Spaniards, who refort much thither fn

the City for their recreation. This Town is called Xo

Wango, of a fruit named Xocotte, wich is moft plenti

there, and ail about the Country : it is freih and coólii

of a yellow colour when ripe, and of two forts, fome fwe

and others fowr, of the ftones whereof the Indians mak<

lire ; they lye fo thick in the way, dropping from the tr

for want of gathering and (pending them all, that t

Spaniards have begun topra&ife the buying of Hogs

purpofe to let them runabout that high way, finding tt

they fat as fpcedily and as well with thofe plums, as c

Hogs do in England with Acorns. All this way are a

many fair gardens, which fupply the Market of Guam.

U with herbs, roots, fruí is, and Bowers all the year. The

are further in this Road three, water-mills for the corn

«he Cry, whereof the chief and. the richeft belongs to t

Dominican Fryers cf Guatemala, who keep there a Fry

confiantly with three or four Blackmores to do and ov<

fee die work ; what will not thofe Fryers do to fatisrie the

covetous Minds? Even dufty Millers they will become

get wealth. The Fromifpiece pi the Church of this Tov

is judged one of the belt pieces of work thereabouts i tl

high Altar wirhin is alio rich apd (lately, being all daubf

wuh gold J made no Iky in this place, fccaul I knew

fhouid have many occauons after my fetling in' the City i

■come unto it. And thus keeping between the hills í coi

finued on my journey till I came to Guatemala, whofe D(

minions, riches and gre^neis the following Chapter fha

krgcly fhew

GHAI

iap. XVIH. of the Weft-Indies. 165

CHAP.XVIH.

.fcrihinT the Dominions, Government, Baches,
tdGrelU of the City of Guatemala, and
Country belonging unto it.

Pad not rid on above a mile from the Chord .of Xoco-
Had not rw Mountains feemed to de-

te»^», when the H »s and (- ious objea

irt one from f°!h"','e* idei Valley to wander in. The

1 th0uCS tm ÍA l CÍ¿ »*» raifed up my
roc ot that Uity trot i ft gWails Towers,Fortsot
,oughts to a conceit ot '^fí™ & 'twenemy sbut

ulw&atks to ^»'a¿«JXlf«nd mylelf in
,hen 1 came near and lealt ™°Jf ffi ote

ny bndge, or finding a^yb ^ Mra

,WäSof dUunS s8whe e were none but mean houfes, fome
,lace of dunghUs, wner w Town (hat waS)

hatched, and fome ty W,«nd«MB Ga<I(WM/,, and

infWcr was nude me tha ^ * Paii{h church

i'SinÍ afS'fSnd ftjly Cloifter which

Eft? woo b d8^«ry Saffuringme that for
I "SaUfake 1 fhouU want no -coutagement, and
«hat he would do for me much more than wha he Fro*m-
dal hadfenified unto him by Lexers. He toldme he had
ÍA« up in Sfain, in the Country of 4~

% 66 A New Survey Chap. XV)

where many Englifh Ships did ufe to come, and hav
feen there many of my Nation, he affected them very mu
and to me as one oí To good a Nation, and as a ft,To
andPHgnmoutof my own Country, he would iW
the favour that thcwmoft of his power could afford. H,
glad was I to hndinhim fo contrary an opinion to "
of four-eyed Hidalgo > And how did heperform
words? He was the chief Mailer and Reader of oTvin
in the Umwrfity, his name Mañer Jacinth de Cabann,
who finding me deiirous to follow the Schools, and efp
c.ally to hear from him iomc lelTons of Theology, with
the hrfi quarter of the year that I had been his conftant a,
attentive Auditor, graced me with a publick ad of cone!
fonsof Dmmty, which ä was to defend under his dir

Krai S°dcfrn10;in tHe/aCe °f the whoIe Univcrfi
?ind Affembly oí DoSors and Divines, againft the Tenen
Ot Scotus and Suarez. But the principal and head concl.
fiori .was ; concerning the birth of the Virgin Maty, who:
£oth Jeiuits,S**r«;,and Francifcans, and Scorifts hold (
have been born without original fin, or any guilt or ftaj
ofir againft whofe fond, foolifli, and ungrounded fancic
I publickiy defended with Thomas Aquinas, and all Tbt
mftfi that (lie fas well as all Adams pofterity ) was born i
Original hn. it was an ad, the like whereof had not bee
to controverted in that Univerfity with arguments in con
tra and their Anfwers and Solutions, and with-reafon
and arguments in pro, many years before. The Tefuif
fiamped with their feet, clapt with their hands, railed witl
their tongues, and condemned it with their mouths for i
ÍJerefie, laying, that in England, where were Heretic]^
fuch an opinion concerning Chrifts Mother might beheld
and defended by me who had my birth among Hereticks
but that Mailer Cabannas, born among Spaniards, anc
brought up in their Univcrfities, and being the chief Rea-
der in that famous Academy, ihouid maintain fuch an o-
pinion, they could not but much marvel and wonder ai
it. But with patience! toJd them, that ftrong reafons.
ar>d further autapr|fy of many kaynecj fkamifij Divines

ihoulc

ip: XVIII- of the Weft-Indies. 267

a fitUfie theit vain and clamorous wondring. The
"a e ded, and .hougfi with the jeinits I could get no
rvetv»ith the Dominicans, and with Malta Caban-
¿t fo much that I never after loft .t for the fpace
ífÓf twdve years v but was ftill honoured by the
t of M*cJi«*> and F.yer Job» Baf0 the Prior
1 ? who at Chriftmas enfuing was made Prior of G«-
So with honours and preferments as great as ev r
neer was living among Spaniards. Thefe two above na-
Í being Candlemas or the beginningof February thai
1 véar at Chiapo at the ekaion of a new Provincial,
¿a not forg« me their pooieft friend ftill abiding »
aumda, but remembring that the Unlverfity ( wh, h
onged chiefly to the Cloifter ) at Michaelmas would
n, anew Reader or Matter of Arts to begin with Lo-
S contbue through the eight books of BM*t««g
J with the Metaphyfieks, propounded meto the new
fled Provincial f whofe name was Fryer Job» Ximeno )
d to the whole Chapter and Conventicle of the Province
r Reader of Arts in Guatemala the Michaelmas next en-
n* S fid forme was fo earneft and their authority
«eat, that nothing could be denied them; and fothey
■ought unto me from the Provincial Chapter thefe enfuñe
¿SPatents,fromFryerJ9foÄ«e«, whofe form and
■anner I thought fit here to infert out of the Onginal
, Sfanijh ( which to this day abideth with me )for curio-
ty and fatisfaäion of my Reader.

FRavJua» Ximeno Predicador General y Trior Provincial
delta Provincia de Sa» Viceme de Chief a y Guatemala,
Irdende Predicadores, tor quantonmñro Convento de Sa»3o
dominio de Guatemala carece de LeSor de Arte,, Pro lo pi-
fan UHituyoydoy po LiSw Al Padre fray Ibomas de San-
So Maria (ío was my name then, and by this name will
fome Spaniards know me, who may chance hereafter to
read this, and cuifa me )for la fatisfaccion que tengo de ¡ti
fitfiíchntia. X mando al Pe. Prior del dicho nueñeo Convento
fí fonga en fofffton del tal Officio. 1 £*r* Vt'pt mentó de

¿ 6 8 A New Survey Chap. XVl

<Mk*UU mando in virtute Spiritmfantli, & (anü* ohe,
«ar, &fubjr^o forman ; /v nJiné PaJ^t

apa la Real eg nueve de Febrero de 16*17. 7 U Li»Z rn

Fmy Juan ■ ,

.Xinaeno Palis

f Por Mandado de Noftro Rd

Padre, Fray Juan de St
Domingo Nor.

ws«sir * í; c-"a*í% fa i2 * * * w «

Fray Juan
Bspdíia Por.

This Form according to the Original in Spanifh is thus j
&«g/f|& and to this purpefe.

fRycr John Ximeno Preacher General, and Prior Provin
JL atl of this Province of Saiét V&m of ^ Sn<
<™*m*l*> Order of Preachers. Whereas our Convent 0
^•-DiWw/^orGÄÄ/ffw^wantethandfiands in need of •
Reader of Arts: By thefe preicnts I do infiitute, name anc'
appoint for Reader Fryer Thmat of St. Mary, for the grea,
iatisfa&ion which I have of his Mciency. And r com-
fiand ther £Ior °£ the aforefaid our Convent, that he pui
him into full poffeffion and enjoyment of the faid Office
And for the greater merit of obedience, Í command him
C our forenamed Reader )by vertueof the Holy Ghoft, and
oí holy obedience, and under a formal precept, In the Name
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghoft A«
men Dated in this our Convent of Cbiapa the Royal 'the
9. of Feb. 1627. And I command thefe to be fealed With
the great .Seal of cur Office;

Fryer John fy the command of our Reverend

™, Fatber Fryer John of St. D¿

\mzm Tal. m'mk^ No}ar/t

1

tap. XVIit of the Weft-Indies, t6f

jtiñedtbefe Letters Patents, unto the cmt^med in them tk
[2.dayofthemonthofhfú}7 I4*7»

yer John .
ptiji: Por.

This honour conferred upon me a fíran§es, and new
mer to the Province, made the Criolian party and tome
heisf who had aimed at that place and preferment in ,
e Univerfity ) to ftomack me . But to me it was a fpur to
r and prick me on to a more eager purimt of karning,
frequent the Academy leiTons with more care and dih-
■nce\ and tofpend my felf and time, day and night, more
i ftudying, that fo 1 might perform with like honour
iat which was hid upon me, and anfwer the expe&a-
on of my beft and forwarder friends. Three years I con-
nued in this Convent and City in obedience to the torea-
;d Patents ; oftentimes I thought within my felf that the
onour of my Englijh Nation here lay upon me in Guatema-
lan not fuffering any Spaniard to go beyond me, .or to
.utbrave me with gallant, wity, and well Ceemwg argu-
nents i and fo many times I would at nine oí the clock at
light, when others were gone fobtd, take in my cham-
)er a cup of hot Chocolatte, that with it I might baniih
ileep from my eyes, and might the better continue in my M-
iy till one or two in the morn, being bound f o awake and be
up again by fix. I was loath in thefe 3 years to take upon me
any other of fuch charges which are common in fuch Con-
vents, but efpecially to preach much, and to hear the Confe£
fionsof fuch both men and women as refottcd to the Church
of that Gloifter, left hereby my ftudies might be hindered,
and time ípent in other ways. Yet the Prior and Mafter
Cab-annas would often be very importunate with me, to
obtain the Bifhops Licenfe for hearing Confeffions, and
Preaching abroad in the City and Country (for in the
Church of ¿fiat Cloifter I might and did fometinws,
though fcldom, preach with permiffion of the Provincial )

, but

*7ó A New Survey Chap. XVll

but this I ilrongly refufed, until fuch time as the Provii

cial came to Guatemala, who hearing roe once preac

would by all means have me further licenfed and authoi

fed from the Biihop, that fo I might not be ftraifned witf

in the Cloifiers limits, but abroad in other Churches mil

freely preach, and thereby get fome money for the betti

furniiliingmyfe!fwith Books. He therefore commande

me to be examined by. five examiners all able Divines, ft

the fpace of three hours ( as is the cuftom of that Ord'er

and having three hours flood under their hard and rigii

quefiioiis and examination, having alfoat the end obtains

their approbation, then the Provincial prefented me unt<

the Biihop with thefe words following, being taken ou

of the Original yet abiding with me.

%Kay Juan limeño Predicador Generally Provincial dtm
Provincia de San Vicente de Cbiapa y Guatemala, Or.
den de Predicadores, Prtfento a Vueftra Sennoria Illujlriflima
al Padre Fray Thomas de Sanaa Maria examinado y a pro-
vado pro cinco examinadores per vota Secreta, conforme a
huebras Conflam iones, Para que, vuejira Sennoria líluftriffima
fe firva de dalle licencia pata Confesar y Predicar a todo ge-
nero de Gente \sn fu Obifpado, Conforme a la Clementina,
.Dudum deSepuhuris.

A Vueftra Sennoria Ittuftrijjima Suplico le aya pro Preferí-
tadff y fe Jirva de dalle la dicha licencia, que en ello weibiré
merced*

Fray Juan

or ■* ,

Ximcno. Pa?ft¿

This form of Preftmaiion, ufed among them, naming
the party prefentmg, and the paity prefented, is in Éngiiíh
much to this purpofe.

!Ptyer Jchn Xtrneno, Preacher General, and Provincial
of this Province of St, Vincent of Chispa and Guate-

malas

lap. XVUL of the Weft-Indies: i> i

«, Order of Preachers, do prefent unto your Losdfliip
Father Fryer Thomas of St. Mary ( already examined,
approved by five Examiners by fecret Votes, according
mr Rule and Conftitutions) that your Lordibip may be
ifed to grant him licence to hear. Confeffions, and to
ach to all forts of people in your Biihoprick, according
that Rule and Canon of Pope Clement, beginning with
fe words, Vudum de Sepulturvs.

[ humbly befeech your Lordíhíp to. have him for pre-
ted, and to grant him your forefaid Licence i and theie-
[ ihall receive great favour.

yer John
or

meno. Palis.

The Biihop of Guatemala being my great friend, and a
ú\ wiiher to learning, and efpecially to that Univerfity*
eded not many words of intreaty, but prefcntly gave
c this Licence written on the back-iide of the Prefentati-
i, and that without any further 'examination by his Oer-
r and part of his Chapter, which he may and doth ufer
hen he pleafeth.

kTOj el Maeflro Von Fray Juan dt SandovaUy Cap at a v
\l de la Orden de San Attgujiin par la Divina Gracia,
bifyo de Guatemala y la Vera Paz¡ del Confíjo de ft Magi-.
id, &c. ' Por la Prefente damos licencia al Padre Fray Tba*
aide Santa Maria dt la Orden de Predicadores Contenido
i la Presentation de fu Religion airas Contenida^ Para que
i todo ejíe nueftro Obispado pueda Predicar^ y Predique la-
alabra de Dios, y para que pueda adminiíhar, y adminifire*

Sacramento Santo de la Penitentia generalmente a todar
te Perfonas que con el tubieren Devoción de Confeffar C ex-
'pto Monias ) y a las Perfonas que Confejfare puede ahfolvet\

abfuelva de todos fus pecados. Crimines y exceffps, excepto
i los cafas refervados ¿ fu [anudad^ y a ^os -pro D'wchn,

"Dad&x

¿*

*7* A New Survey Chap. XVl]

Dada in la Cividad de S ant jago de Guatemala, en quarto
Viziembre de Mill, y Seyfcientosye veynte y nueve Annos,

CI. Obifpo de Por Mandado del Illmo. mi Sei

Guatemala. nor Pedro Ramirez de Vald<

Secretario»

This form of Licence to preach and hear confeffions, froi
the Biihop of Guatemala, is worth Engliihing ft
icme things in it, which I fhall obferve with inclofe
Parenthefes as I go along for the better reminding m

Reader of them. \

WE ( Bifhops in that Church fcorn the name of afmgt
lar per fon, /hewing they have the power of all per fon
joined together in them of rich and poor , of Subject and Prince
iMaiter and Lord Fryer John de Sandoval y Capataoí th
order of St, Auguflin ( though brought up in a poor Mendi
cant Cloijler, yet now he takgs upon him the title of a Lora
andfhews how Prelates in that Church ufe to Lord it over th
people ) by the Divine Grace, Biíhop oí Guatemala and thi
Vera Paz ( he fly les himfelf a Bifhop by Divine Grace, where
as he himfelf according to the common report of him, as alfo an
mojí Bijhops there made, was made hijhop not by any Divim
Grace, but by unwarranted Simony and favour from Courts
ers, having given many thoufand Crowns for that his Bijhop-
ricfe.) of : his Ma jeily's Council (Bijhops there muftbe Caun-
-feilors to Kings, and meddle in Court and Politic}} affairs ) by
thefe Prefentsgive licence to Father Fryer Thomas of Saint
Mary, of the Order of Preachers, contained in the Preien-
tatioii from his religious Order on the back- fide of this
our Licence, that throughout all our BKhoprick he may and
do preach the word oí God (yet I confefs this word of God
is little ufid Sin ermons' in- that Church, but rather the words'
of Saints of theirs and Fathers, and lying words of miracles ^
wherewith theyftujfup a whole hours preaching ) and that he
may and do adminifter the holy Sacrament of Penance

{.nop

p. XVIII. o/rfeWeíUndies;' 275

holy as it came from the mouth of him to whom the

UnscryHoly, Holy, Holy, k^^am^méfeM

orne, who facrilegioufly jiyles himfelj [Holmefs and mofi

Father. Not a Sacrament as jo left and ordained by

i hut cm of Rome's /even Sacraments, which as nts

7y Known and diftinguijhed by [even hills, fo wh I that

i be Known and difiingui(hed from the true Churéby

Sacraments) generally to all periods, which rtiall

devotion to confefs with him, excepting Nuns -.(this

) bad in that City one of the fix Judges of the Chance-

daughter, a Nun called Donna Juana de Mildonado y

whom he loved pearly, and much conferred with her in

te in the Cloifier, whoje private conferences he was pa-

they fhouldbetytwnin Confesión, and therefore would fuf.

one to hear Nuns Confeffions, hut fuch as were his mojí

late friends, and of wfam he had great fatisfailion, a-

ng this reafon, that fuch as heard Nuns ConfeJJions ought

very skilful and experienced in ¡uch ways, and men of

for that greater cafes of Confcience were to be met with m

rConfeffions, than in others. By which reafon he unwife-

•ought an afptrfton upon thofe Virgins, who (bould live

hand holilyas feparated from the world and mclofed, and

feems by this Bifhops epinion, that within their inclofed

s, fins are committed more grievous than abroad in the wide

L and fué as may puzzle a Ghofily Father, if not skil-

%nd ancient) and that he may and do abiolve all

)ns which (hall confefs with him (' if only God can par-

and ahfilve from fin, O how is Gods power arrogated

taten, yea and ahujed hy thoje facrilegious Prtejls I )

1 ail their fins, crimes, and exceiTes, excepting fuch

; as are referved to his Holinefs, and to us by Canon

U ( A wicked rule and Canon, a Government certainly

cruel and tyrannical, that hinds poor wntcfas in fome

■ to go from America to Rome, at kali eight thoufand

i to clear their Confidences before the tope, or elfe they

die without pardon and abfolutim from fin, many ba-

not means to go thither, mr gifts to kflow upon their

! who mud: be brifod to abfolvethem, O hew mon.fweet,

■ *Jf . - com j 'of-

2/4 ¿ He* Survey Chap. XV

comfortable and fafe is it for a humus fwner and ogende\
ven at borne or in the Church grieving within bis heart,
keeping within himfelf, to lift up a broken heart, and make i
poji andflk with wings of Eagles to the high Throne of G
grace and mercy, with affkred confidence that there only
pardon, remifiion, and abfolutien granted to all fuch ai
truly and unfeignedly repent of their fms , crimes and
cejfesl) Dated in the City of Saint James of Guatem*
the fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord, 1&

the Bijhop of
Guatemala.

By the command1 of my t
Illuftrious Lord, Peter l
rarrez de Valdes. Secret,

Thus with full and' ample Commiffion from the Bid
and the Provincial was I fetled in Guatemala, to read 2
preach, where ( although I might have continued ms
years, and was offered to read Divinity, having in p
begun it one quarter oía year J I continued yet but th
years and almoii an half for the reafon I iliall (hew hi
after. So what in that time I could obferve of that G
and of the Country round about, having had occafions
travel about it both when I lived in Guatemala, and ait
wards when I lived for above feven years in the Coun
Towns, I (hall truly and faithfully recommend unto i
Reader. This City of Guatemala ( called by the Spc
ards, Santiago, or St. James of Guatemala ) is feated i
valley which is not above two miles and a half broad,
fkc high mountains do keep it clofein ', but in length
wards the South-Tea it contains a wide and Champa
Country, opening it felf broader a little beyond that Tov
which to this day is called la Cividad Vtefa, or the
City, finding fomewhat above three miles from Gm
mala. Though the mountains on each fíde do fírongly i
virón it, and especially on the Eaft-ikle feern to h-äng o
it, yet none of them are hinderers to Travellers, who o

th

¡hap. XVIII. o/íkWeft-Indiesi 175

,em have opened ways eafie for roan and beads, though
■avilv laden with wares of all forts. The way from
Texia, if taken by the ceaft of Soctmuzco, and Smbntept.
S coroes into the City North-weft-wavd which ,s a
Me open and landy road i .fit be taken by Chufa , it
,eth Nordveaft, and entreth into the City between he
onntains, as before hath been noted. Weftward to the
outh-fea, the way lyeth open through the vaHey and a
haropaign Country. But South or South-eart, the en-
tanceVove, high and deep hills, which is the common
oad froro Comayagua, Nicaragua, and the Golfo dulce o
Weet Gulf, where the (hips come yearly and unlade all
he Commodities which are brought f«oro Spam** Gm>
,mala. This alfo is the way followed by them who take
' journey meer Eaftward froro this City. But the ch.efcft
Sins, which ftraighten in this City and Valley are
wo, callea Vulcans, the one being a Vulcan of water,
nd the other a Vulcan or mountain of fire termed fo by
he Spaniard,, though very improperly a Vulan may be
aid to contain water, it taking its name from the heathen-
(h God Vulcan, whofe profeffion and imployment chiefly
vas in fire, thtfe two famous mountains ftand almoft
he one over againft the other, on each fide of the valley;,
hat of water hanging on the South fide almoft parpen*;
:ularly over the City, the other ot hre Handing lower from
I mo,e oppofite to the old City. That ot water .sjhigh-
■r than the other, and yields a goodly ptotpeft to the
iRht, being almoft all the year green, and.fuil of Indian
Miba-s which are plantations of Indian wheat v and m
the fmalland petty Towns which lie foroehalf way up it,
fomeat the foot of it, there are Rofes, Lites, and other
flowers all the year long in the Gardens behdes Planttns
Apricocks, and manyfcrtsof tweet and delicate hmts. It
fe called by the Spaniards, el Vulcan del agua ot the Vul-
can of water, becaufe on the other fide ot it from Guate-
mala, it fpringswith many brooks towards a [own cal-
led St. dibber, and Specially is f^lfM^
and nourilh on that fide alfo a grea; »ke of fre(h water

H

i?6 A New Survey Chap. XVÍII.

by the Towns called Amatithn and Petapa. But on the
fide of it towards Guatemala and the valley, it yield/alfo
fo many fprings of fweet and frtih water, as havecaufed
and made a river which runneth along the valley clofe by
the City, and is that which daves the water mills fpoken
of before in Xocotenango. This river was not known when
fiifi: the Spaniards conquered that Country i but fince, ac-
cording to their con fian t Tradition, the City of Guatemala
ihnding higher and nearer to the Vulcan in that place and
Town which to this day is called la Cividad Vieja, or the
old City, there lived ink then about the year 1534. a Gen-
tlewoman called Donna Maria de Caftilia, who having loft
her Husband in the wars, and that fame year buried alio
all her children, grew fo impatient under thefe her croííes
and afHidions, that impioufly (he defied God, faying,
What can God do more unto me now than he hath done?
he hath done his worft without it be to take away my life
alfo, which Í now regard not. Upon thefe words there
guihed out of this Vulcan fuch a flood of water as carried
away this woman with the ftream, ruined many of the
houfes, and caufed the inhabitants to remove to the place
where now ftandeth Guatemala, This is the Spaniards
own Tradition, which if true, fhoujd be our example to
learn to fear, and not to defie God, when his judgments
íhew him to us angry and a God that will overcome, when
he judgeth. From that time, and from this their Traditi-
on is the Town now ftanding, where firft ftood Guatemala^
called, la Cividad Vieja, or the old City, and hath continu-
ed a river which before was not known, having its head
and fpring from this high Vulcan, whofe pleafant fprings,
gardens, fruits, flowers, and every green and flourifliing
profped might be a fair objeta to a Martialf wit, who here
would fancy a new Pamaffus, find outnewfleps of flying
Pegajus, and greet the Nymphs and nine Sifters with this
their never yet difcovered and American habitation. This
Vulcan or mountain is not fo pleating to the fight ( whofe
height is judged full nine miles unto the top J búf the
other which ftandeth on the other fide of the valley op-

polftó

hap. XVíir. of the Weft-Itidies. 277

fitc unto it, is unpleafing and more dreadful to behold' •
• here are afhes for beauty, ftones and flints for fruits an
wers, baldnefs for greennefs, barrennefs for fruitfulnel*
■ water whifperings and fountain murmurs, nolle o*
anders and roaring of confuming metals, for running
earns, flaftiings of fire, for tall and mighty trees and
'dars, Caftles of fmoak rifing in height to out dare the
¡e and firmament, for fwect and odoriferous and fragrant
jells, aftink of fire and brimftone, which are lull in
bion driving within the bowels of that ever-burning
d fiery Vulcan. Thus is Guatemala feated in the midftof a
iradife on the one fide, and a Hell on the other, yet never
tth this hell broke fo loofe as toconfurrie that flouriftung
it y. True it is, formerly, many years ago it opened a wide
ouih on the top, and breathed out fuch fiery aflies as hl-
d the houfes ot Guatemala and the Country about, and
irehed all the plants and fruits, and fpued out íuch (tones
id rocks, which had they fallen upon the City, would
ive crulhed it to pieces, but they fell not far from it, but
) this day lie about the bottom and fides of it, cauiing
wonder to thofe that behold them, and taking away admi-
ition from them that admire the force and flrength of fire
nd its power in carrying a weighty bullet from the mouth
fa cannon, whereas here the fire of this mountain hath
aft up into the air and tumbled down to the bottom ot
: fuch rocks as in bignefs exceed a rcafonable houfe, and
yhich not the ftrength of any twenty mules ( as hath
een tried J have been able to remove. The fire which flaih-
th out of the top of this mountain is fometimes more
nd fometimes lefs \ yet while I lived in the City, on a
ertain time for the fpace of three or four days and nights
t did fo burn, that my friend Mr, Cabannar confidently a-
rouched to me and others, that ¿landing one night in his
window he had with the light of that fire fiad a Letter,
the diftance being above three Engliih miles. The roar-
ing alfo of this monfirous beaft is not conftamly alike, but
is greater in the Summertime than in the Winter, that
is3 from Oftober to the end of April, than all the reft of the

T 3 year,

%

278 J New Survey Chap.XVlll

year •, for then it feems, the winds entering thofe con-
cavities fet the fire on work harder than at other times
and caufe the mountain to roar and the earth to quakei
There was a time three years before my coming to that Ci-
ty, when the inhabitants expected nothing but utter mine
and deftruäion, and durit not abide within their houfes foj
nine days ( the earth-quakes continuing and increaiing
inore and more, but made bowers and arbours in the mar-
ket place, placing there their Idol Saints and Images, efpe-
cially St. Sebalfcan, whom they hoped would deliver them
horn that judgment, and for this purpofe they daily carri-
ed him through the itreets in folemn and Idolatrous pro-
ceííion and adoration. But all the while I lived there
the noife within the mountains, the fmoke and naihes of
fire without, and the Summer earth-quakes were fuch that
with the ufe and cuitorn of them I never feared any thing,
but thought that City the healthieft and pleafanteft place of
dwelling that ever I came into in all my travel?. The cli-
mate'is very temperate, far exceeding either Mexico or
Cuaxaca. Neither are the two fore-named Cities better
tiored with fruits, herbs for faljets, pro virion of fleih, Beef,
Mutton, Veal, Kid, Fowlers, Turkies, Rabbets, Quails, Par-
tridges, Pheafants, and of Indian and Spantfh Wheat, than
is Ébij City i from the South Sea ( which lycth in fome piar
ees not above cwdve leagues from it ) and from the Rivers
®lthc South Sea Goait, and from the fréíh Lake of Amatit-
hn and Peiapj, and from another Lake lying three or
tour leagues team Cblmalt mango, it is well and plentifully
provided for of fiih. But for Beef there is fuch plenty,
that it exceeds all pms of America, without exception,
as may be known by the Aids which are fent yearly to
Spun from the Counisy of Gmtmnala, where they com-
monly kill their Catee), more for the gain of their Hydes in
Spam, únn foí'ihc gtfpánífó or ütncís of the fleih, which
though it be not to compare to our EugUJh Bedy yet it is
good niuns meat, and fo cheap, that in my time it was
commonly fold at. thirteen póüncf anda half tor half a Rial,
íjie lqif\ CQ\n iherc,. and |s much as three pence here,

Though

up. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies. *79

usEfiancia's, «N»M ime from S?*«,

t from Comayagua, St »*g" ? Eftanlfa>s in the South
ftoredvBut above all are the grea r* . ^^

«reckoned up going ¡in tas own ft t btf.des ma-

tty ihou&nd heads of Beads fmall and gtc

"which are called there g-g** «^ Mountains,
U were ^^Ktf&S were hunted
nd could not be gathered in w th Jf * VQt todeatli, Wk
ytheB/^^aikewrldBoars aodda^ly no ¿an_

ey ftouldtoo much mcreaie and do hurt. V ^

ed to be prefent at the Fat. ?f,^S¿J ¿U Acre,
. Mend named £»?e A CM», fj^Kfc?^ 7 Towns
Aligado; or charged to provide flexor & 7

hereabouts) *^Ä|feÄ ing one

S^SfSÄÄ S and County
foch a fum of roon, to his ^fv" ' ¡ ,
habitants of the Guy, ««■^j£e't¿e as he (bould

go that fometämes it happened that the erghc days fc£*

» 4

MMlMta

í?f A tit» Survey Chap.XVlI]

mancóme into the Court, offering more and more tutu

amomedman;buye<h by ,hehundred SftneSc,
as for tne prefenthe fmdeth theexoen-,. nf ,Ur- Í

«he be himfelffuch aCra^ S SSS&SR
his own. Though Mutton be not fo plen (¡ST
Beef yet there never wants from the VaLy of \¿L

Places. In the Valley forenamed I livedfSf was t

going m the Valley four thoufand (beep G^/eW
therefore.» fo well (bred whh good proW ¡on '21
ä£l'£äP; ** » * h»d to hnd in it aPbegger; fo w tf
half a Rial the poorer! may buy B.effcr a w^k/and w
a few Cacao's they may have bread of Indian Maíz if no,

tluCf fWTat- JfCity ™ conM oUboufhv
Oiouland families, bsfides a fuburb of Mian, called e
to A S,o Vonnnge, where may be two hundred fam

tn TL It" e7r,°f th£Ci^ is"»t Which joyt
eth to the Suburb ofW„, and is c?IIcd alfo-e/ >J

4e Sar.to fymmg,, by reafon of the Cfoifter of Saint Do-
Wk Whlc,\ila"d5i!> ¡« ¡t- Here are the richeft and
beh ¡hops of the City, whh the bell buildings, moft of
the boufo bang new, and .lately. Here feVfo a daify

&<W all the day fit idlmg fruits, Berb<, and Cacao, but
at four m the afternoon, this Market U filled for a
matter of an hour, where tht lidian women meet to fell
their County .flap, f which is dainties to the Criolians)
a. Atolle, Pinole, Scalded Planta^, butter of the x£S
puddings made of Udian Maíz, with a bit of Fowl or
beft Pork ip thern, fetfoncd with much red bidng

Chile"

»ap. XVIII. o/ tk Weft.Indies. 281

,le which they call Anacatamales. The trading of
City ¡s gteat, for by mules it partakes of the beft com-
ities of Mexico, Guaxaca^iChiapa, and South- ward
nZ¿1 ^and Carica. By Sea it hath commerce wnh
■„, by two Sea-ports and Havens, the one «¡led U . KM
I Trinidad, the Village of the Tnm.y, ^M
uthward from it hve arid twenty leagues ; and by ano-
EI called tl Kealejo, which lyeth rive or fix fdf?m
gu® from it. It hath traffique with $p» by the North

from Golfo dulce, lying threelcore leagues from ...
not fo rich as other Cities, yet for the quantity of it, it
"id toñone. There were in my time five { bel.dcs ma-
, other Merchants who were judged worth twenty tnou-
ndDuckats, thirty choufand, fifty thousand, hme to
hundred thoufand ) who were judged of <^™g?
M generally reported to be worth each of them hve hun-
ted thoufand Duckats ", the firft was Ihma, de S/W,

B;/c«« born, and Jlcalde de Com the Kings high Ju-
ice; o, chief Officer at Court; the fecond was A«»
'ufiimano, a Genoefe born, and one that bore otten Ofh-
I in the City, and had many Tenements and houles,
fpeciallya great and rich Farm for Corn and Wheat m
he Valley of mico. The third was Tedro dé Ltra, born
n Cafiiik, the fourth and fifth, Ammo Fernanda, and
UrtoLe Nunez, both. F««*itf. whereof .he firft in my
ime departed from GuaumaU for fome reafons whicn
ure I muft conceal. The other four I left there,
three ofthemlivingat that end of the Cuy called Sama
de Santo Doming or the ftreet of Si. VommA whole
houfes and prefence makes that ftreet excel all the Kit ol
the City, and their wealth and trading were enough to
denominate Guatemala a very rich City. The Govern-
ment of all the Country about, and of all Honduras, A«-
conuko, Comayagua, Nicaragua, Cofa Riot, Vera Yaz, t>«-
ctoetMHM,and Chiapa, is fubordinate unto the Chancery
of Guatemala ; for although evay Caovernnur over
ihele feveral Provinces is appointed by the King and
Councd of Sarin, yet when they come to thefe

parts

mm

£ 8 2 A New Survey Chap. X VII

parts to the enjoyment of their charge and execution of the
office, then their anions, if unjuft, are weighed, judge
ceniured, and condemned by the Court redding in tí
City. This Court of Chancery confifteth of a Prefiden
fix Judges, one Kings Attorny, and two chief Juftices <
Court - The Prefident though he have not the name an
title ofViceroy,asthey oí Mexico and Peru, yet his povi
ens as great and abfolute as theirs. His Penllon froi
the King. is but twelve thoufand Duckats a year, but be
ijdes this, if he be covetous, he makes by bribes and tra
ding twice as much more, nay what he lift j as was fee
in the Count de la Gotw*, Prenden t of that City and Chan
eery for the fpace or fourteen years, who departed in ol
age fiom Guatemala to Canaria ( where was his houfe am
place of birth ) worth Millions of Duckats, After hiti
Succeeded Von Juan de Guzman, formerly Prefident e
Santo Dominga, who Sofing his Wife and Lady in the way
loll alio his former fpirit and courage, betaking himfel
woolly to his devotions, contemning wealth and riche
governing with hzé and mildnefs, which made the reí
«f the Judges, who were all for lucre, foon weary him ou
oí his office, continuing in it but five years» His fuccef
•for C whom I left there when! came away) was Von Gm
falo de Pazy Lormcana, who was promoted from the Pre
iidency of Panama to that place, and came into it witl
íuch a ipiritofcovetoufnefsasthe like had not been feer
•in any ¿ormer Piefident. He forbad all gaming in private
houfes in the City, which there is much uied ( though b)
women not fo much as in Mexico ) not for that he hated
¡t, but becaufe he envied others, what they got and gain-
c<i by their Cards, drawing to himfelf thereby all thai
gain, {pending fometimes in one night four and twen^
0, pair of Cards, appointing a Page to afliit at the Ta-
bles, and to lee the box well paid for every pair of Card?,
which for his, and his Court refpe#, was feldom Ids
fhm a crown or two for every pair. Thus did he lick
.up with his Cards moil of zhc gameirers gains, and
would grudge and pick quarrels with fuch rich men

whom

) XVUI. of íkWeíUndies. 28}

'he knew toaffeft gaming, if they frequented
s Court at nighttime for that 'bewitching Recrea-

I Pennon which the King alloweth to every judge
K four thoufand Duckats yearly and three
a ! hfc Attorney all which is pa.d out of the
tchequ at Ig ín that City. Yet what befides
,rtb, briU and trading is fomuch, that I have
5 Judge "imfelf Von luis de la, Infama,, fay, that
■hi Tud-es place at Mexico and Liw.be more honour-
let none more profitable than6w»«M/* I" *****
fuehcaufes at Chancery tried, as had' never been, of
hers robberies, a»d opfreffions, and whereas u was
aed the offenders feme (hould be hanged, feme ba.

¡1! off fo that 1 never knew one hanged mtnatUty
he fpace of above eight years. The Churches thouga
be not fo fair and rich as thofe of M*ico, yet they are
•hat place wealthy enough. There is but one Panul
rchanda Cathedral which ftandeth n the chief to-
ntee AU the other Churches belonging to Clotfto,
dr are of Dominicans, Francifcans, Mercenanans, Au-

nes *d Tefuits, and two of Nuns, called the Con-
Ed ¿ Catharine. The Dominicans, Franc tfcans and
"cenarians^re (lately Glome*, containing near :, thun,
dítvers apiece ; but above all is the Ooift^r where 1
d of the Dominicans, to which is pyned I, ma great
Ik before the Church, the Univerfityot the City, ihe.
S ^revenues which come into this Ctoifier, what from
■lidian Towns belonging to it what from a ware - mu,
,at from a farm for Corn, what from an Eftancia, ox
m for Horfes and Mules, what from an Ingenio, or tarn»
Su«r, what from a Mine of iilver given unto it the yea;
fa i are judged to be ( excepting all charges ) at leafi «nir-
°thóufand duckats-, wherewith thole fat Fryer? «
emfelves, and have to.fpare to build, and enrich the.»
hurch and Altars. Befides much ireafnte belonging to it,
.ere are two things in it, which the Spaniard, in merri-
ment

2^4 A New Survey Chap. XV

«wo* would bften tell me that the Enelifl, Nation
much enquire after when they took any8 L of their
Sea, and that they feared I was come to fpie th°m wt
were a Lamp of filver hanging before thehiihAltar
b.g as reqmred the ftrength of three men tohal it
w,m a «,pei but the other is of more value -which
Mtae of the Virgin to, rf pure fiI e¿™*
hature of a reafonable tall Woman, which ftandeth i
aabetnacle made on purpofeina Chappel of the Rofá
wnhat leaft a dozen lamps of filver alio bu ning befi

I ,£ f r rd ihrknd duckatS mi8htfo°" b" made
ct the treafure belo.ng,ng to that Church and Cloifi
tonhmthewahsoftheCloiikr there is nothin» w n
which may further pkafure and recreation. InV,""
Closer there 1S a fpacious Garden, in the midft wher
««fountain carting up the water, and fpoutingit o
o. at halt a dozen pipes, which fill two ponds full of fiftl

Äonfo" H COnf,ant *^&S mufick to

* ' n ¿ !' ^d£n»««gementto many w.ter-fow

and Ducks to bath and wain themfelves therein. Y,,T

■her within the Cloirtcr, there are other ¡wo gardens™

Fn» s and Herbage,-and in the one a pond of a ou

er or a m,|e long, a 1 paved at the bottom, and aT

(lone «ail about, where is a Boat for the Fryers recea

«on, who often go thither to fifí,, and do fometim

upon a iudden want or occafion tafte out from then™

much foh as will give to the whole Cloifter a dinne,

IheotncrClomersoftheCityare aiforicln but nextt

Me üomm-.cans ls the Cloifter of Nuns, called the Con

ceptton ,r. wmen at my time there were judged to live •

thouiana women, not all Nuns, but their ftrving maid

or llaves and young children which were brought ut

and ta^nt to work by the Nuns. The Nuns that ar

proftiftd bring wKh them their portions, five hundred

pucka « at kaft, (orne & hundid, Tome feven, and fome

ffl¥ Pf'^ons after a few years ( and continu-

mg to ,hc Cloirtcr after the Nuns deceafe ; come to make

up a put yearly rent. They that will have maids within

to

p XVIU. of the Weft-Indies. ^^

Ln them may, bringing WH«WfSSJ*jg£
,2 yearly for their fervants diet. »" thisUu Mr I.

L his Daughter, whom the Biihop fo much con-
d withal She was very fair and beau,, ut, and not
i above twenty years of age, and yet h,s love bmd-

im h ftrove what he could in my time agamft all the

TÑuns and Sifters, to ^ke her Super.our and Ab-

and caufed fuch a mutiny and «rife in that Oloilter,
-hwa very fcandalous.o the whole City and made
Í.TchMerchants and Gentlemen run to the CloUler
uheirfwords drawn, threaming to break m amongf
Nuns to defend their daughters aga nft the powerful
Z which the Biihop had wrought fo» IW >«*
Zdonado : which they had performed, tf the Prenden
rWÍ Guzman had not fent Juan UaUmaio it
fhe youngNuns father, to intreat her to defirt ... re-
d of her young age from her ambitious thoughts .of be-

Abbe" With this the mutiny both with.n and with-
Eceafed 'the Biihop got but flume, and his young Si-

condnued as beforefunder command and obedience to
no°e religious, grave, and aged Nun than her ielf. Tte
L 7«¿ A MMonado, PaZ, was the wonde of all

t Cloifter, yea of all the City for her excellent voice
d skill in mufick, and in carriage and eduction yielded

none abroad nor within i (he was witty, well fpoken
.daboveallaCÄteor Mufefcr ingenious and fudden
itaV which the Bithop faid, fo much moved h.m to
Mi Thct company and convention Her Father
¡St nothing too good, nor too much for her, and
So e having %o other children.he dayly conferred up-
on riches, as might heft befeem a Nun as «chana
äftlvcätoets faced with gold and Giver, pautes and 1-
Är her chamber, w4 crowns AM? f™
hem; which with other prefents from the B (hop ( who
£ in my time left not wherewith to pay h.s debts, tor
h t!s.hey,eportwent,hehadfpent h.mfelf and g^cn a,!
roto his Nun ) made this Vow* Jxana d> MMwa-

F

2JÓ J New Survey Chap. X\

do Co rich and [lately, that at her own charges (he buil

tier felfa new quarter within the Cloifter with rooms

galleries, and a private garden walk, and kept at work

to wait on her half a dozen Black-more maids i but a

all (he placed her delight in a private Chappel or C

to pray in, being hung with rich hangings, and roun

bout it coitly lamina's ( as they call them) or pictures r.

fed upon brais fet in Mack Ebony frames with come:

gold, fome of iilver brought her from Rome ; her I

was accordingly decked with Jewels, Candlefticks,Croi

Lamps, and covered with a Canopy embroidered \

gold i in her Clofet ihe had herfmall Organ, and rr

forts of muíical inftruments, whereupon fhe played fo

times by her felf, fometimes with her befi friends of

Nuns \ and here efpecially (he entertained with mufick

beloved Biihop. Her Chappel or place of devoi

was credibly reported about the City to be worth at 1

fix thoufands crowns which was enough for a Nun t

had vowed chaftity, poverty, and obedience. But all 1

after here deceafe (he was to leave to the Cloifter i ¡

doubtlefs with this State, and riches ihe would win m

and more the hearts of the common fort of Nuns,

file had made a ftrong party, which by this may have ms

her Abbe fs. This is ambition and delire of command a

power crept into the walls of Nunneries, like the abor

nations in the wall of Ezehiel, and hath pofTeiTed thehea

of Nuns, which fhould be humble, poor, and morüfi

Virgins.

But befides this one Nun, there are more, and alfo Fi
era, who are very rich, for if the City be rich fas is thi
and great trading in it, they will be fure to have a iliai
Great plenty and wealth hath made the inhabitants
proud and vicious, as are thofe of Mexico. Here is n
only idolatry, but Fornication and Uncleannefs as publh
as in any place of the Indias: The Mulatto's, Blacl^mm
Mepzas, Indians^ and all common fort, of people are mm
made on by greater and richer fort, and go as gallan
ly apparelkd as do thofe oí Mexico, /earing neither

lap- XVUL o/ík Weft-Indies: 287

lean or mountain of water on the one ííde, which they
fefs hath once poured out a flood and river executing
ds wrath againftfin there committed ; neither a Vulcara
Bre,or mouth of hell on the other íiáe, roaring within
i threatning to rain upon them Sodoms ruine and de-
letion • neither the weaknefs of their habitation, lying,
de open on every We, without walls, or works, or bul»
rks, to defend them, or without guns, drakes, bullets,
any Ammunition to fcare away any approaching enerny^
10 may fafely come and without refinance upon them who
e as profeffed enemies of Jefus Ghrift. This is the City
St James or 5 am jago de Guatemala the head of a valt
d ample Dominion, which extendeth it felf nine hun-
ed miles to Nicoya and Coda Rica South-ward > three
indred miles to- Chiapa^vAl&ques ,North-ward •, a hun-
ed and fourfcoore miles to the further parts of Vera-
tz and the Gdfo dulce Eaft-ward*, and to the South-
a 'twenty or thirty, in fome places forty miles WeiU

ard.

From Tepoantepeqxe ( which is no fearbour tor any great
lips ) which ftandeth from Guatemala at leaü four Hun-
red miles, there is no landing place for ihips nearer to this
iity than is the Village de la trinidad, or of the Trinity»
'he chief commodities which from along that coaft are
rought to Guatemala, are from the Provinces of Soconuz*
7 and SiTchuUpeques, which are extream hot, and fubjeä?
3 thunder and lightning, where groweth fcarce any re-
narkable commodity, favc only Cacao, Acbiotte, Mecafu*
hil, BainiUar, and other drugs for Chocolatte, except it bo
ome Indigo and Cochhil about St. Anionic which S3 the
¡hiefand head Town of all the Sucbntspeques. But all the
•oaftneerjoyningtoG^fem¿/¿, efpecially about a Town
:alled Izqmnta, or Izqumxepeqne, twelve leagues fmm
Guatemala, is abfolutely the rscheft part of the Dominion
ofthis City ; for there is made the greateft part of the
Indigo which is fent from Honduras to Spain s befides the
mighty farms of Cattel which are along that mat fh.
Though the living there be profitable, and the foil rich,
° • ' yet

% 8 S A New Survey Chap. XVlI

yet it is uncomfortable by reafon of the great heat, thm
¿rings and lightnings, efpecially from May to Michaelm
l£ Guatemala beOrong( though not in Weapons or An
munition ) in people, it is íírong from hence from a di
fperate fort of Blackamoors, who are flavts in thofe Eftar
cia's and farms of Indigo. Though they have no weapor
but a MacBem, which is a fhort Tuck, or lances to run s
«he wild Cartel, yet with thefe they are Co defperate, thi
the City oí Guatemala hath ohen been afraid of them, an
rhe Mailers of their own ilaves and fervants. Some of then
fear not to encounter a BuV though wild and mad, and t
grapple in the rivers ( which are many there ) with Croco
¿iks, or Cagarto's, as there they call them, till they havi
overmafiered them, and brought them out to land ¿on
the water.

This hot, but rich Country runs on by the Sea fide un-
to the Village of Trinity, which ( though fomewhai
dangerous ) >et is a Haven for .Ships from Panama, Peru
and Mexico i It ferves to enrich Guatemala, but not tc
iirengthen it, for it hath neither Fort, nor Bulwark, nor
Cattle, nor any Ammunition to defend itielf.. Between the
Village and the other Haven called Realep, there is a great
Creek from the Sea i where fmall vcffels do ufe tocóme
in for frtfh water and Vi&uals to St. Miguel,* Townof
Spaniards and Indians, from whence thofe that travel to
Realep pafs over in lefs than a day, to a Town of Indians
called Id Vieja, two miles from Realejo, whither the jour-
rey by tend from St. Miguel, is of at leaft three days. But
neither this Creek or Arm of the Sea is fortified ( which
might be done with one or two pieces of Ordinance at
moil placed at the mouth of the feas entrance ) neither
is the Realejo íkong with any Ammunition, no nor with
peopl:,for it coníríís not of above two hundred families,
and moil of them are Indians and Mejiizo*s, a people
of no courage, and very unfit to deiand fuch an open
pillage to Guatemala, and Nicaragua, which here begins
a;d continues in fmall and petty IndianT owns unto Leou
and Graaad&i

0t&

¡hap. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies. 2 89

On the North fide of Guatemala., I (hall not need toad<¿
what hath been «aid of Sncbetepequei and Soconuzco, ana
V iourney that way from Mexict and Chapa. The cruet ,
Icof Guatemala is that on the Eaft, which points m«t,.c
ay to the Gulf, ox Golf» duke, or as others call it y. Thor
J de Cajiilia. This way is more beaten by mules and
ravellers, than that on the North fide, for that Mexico.
mdeth three hundred leagues from this City, and rhc
ulf but 60, and here are no fuch paffages as are in Ierre
aces in the Road to Mexico, Bdides the .great rradng,
mmerce, and inffique, which this City enjoyeth by that
ulf from Spain, hath made that Road exceed ail the
ft. In H, or st fartheft in the beginning of Augnil
,rne into that Gulf three (hips, or two and afngat, and
ilade what they have brought from Spain m Bodegas or
reat Lodges, built on purpofe to keep, dry and irom the
eather the commodities. They prefently make haft tú
de again from Guatemala thofe Merchants commodities
F return, which peradventure have lain waiting for them
1 the Bodefias two" or three months, before the ihips ac-
val. So that thefe three months of July, Augujl and
member, there is iure to be found a great treafure. And
► the Simplicity or fecurhy of the Spaniards, who appoint
0 other watch over thefe their riches, fave only one or
¿vo Indians and as many Mulattos, who commonly are
ichas have for their mifdemeanours been condemned tcr
vein that old and ruinated Cattle of St. fbomas deCajh-
a* True it is, above it there isa little and ragged Town
f Indians, called St. Pedro, confiftmg of fomc thirty firm-
es, who by reafori.of the exceeding heat, and unhealthy
efs of the air, are always fickly and Tcatcc able to ¿land
pon their legs. But the weaknefs of this Gulf withirr
night well be remedied and fupplyed at the mcutnoi
lie Sea, or entrance into it by one or two at the molt
ood pieces of Ordnance placed there. For the enhance
lito this Gulf is but as one íhould come in at the
loor of fome great Palace, where although the ¿oar and
níránee be narrow, the hoafe wtthta is wide and capa»

U «out

190 A New Survey Chap. XVIII

cioüs. Such is this Gulf, whofe entrance is ftraitned witf
two Rocks or Mountains on each fide ( which would wel
become two great pieces, and fofcorn a whole Fleet, an¿
iecuxc the Kingdom oí Guatemala, nay molt of all America
but here being no watch nor defence, the (hips come free
ly and fafely in (as have done fome both Englijh and Hollanc
Ships ) and being entrcd find a road and harbour fo wide
and capacious as may well fecure a thoufand Slips ther<
riding at anchor, without any thought of fear from St
Tedr, or Santo Thomas de Caftilia. I have often hearc
Uic Spaniards jear and laugh at the Englifb and Hollanders
tor that they having come into this Gulf, have gone a-
way wit .¡out attempting any thing further upon the land,
Nay wnilef lived there, the Hollanders fee üuon 7WA
the head Port of Comiyagua and Honduras, and took if
( tnough there were fome refinance ) the people for the molí
part flying to the woods, trufting more to their ten thar
to their hands and weapons ( fuch cowards is all thai
Country full of j (and whilft they might have fortified them-
Uves there, and gone into the Country, or fortifying thai
have come on to the Gulf Tall Guatemala fearing it much
and not being able to refiit them ) they lef :7ruxillot con-
tenting themfelves with a fmatl pillage, and gave occafion
to the ' Spaniards to rejoyce, and to make proceffions ol
rhankfgivmgfor their fafe deliverance out of their enemi h
hands.

The way from this Gulf to Guatemala is not fo bad as
fome report and conceive, efpccially after Michaelmas un-
til May when the winter and rain is part and gone, and
the winds begin to dry up the ways. For in the worn ol
the year Mules ¡laden with four hundred weight at leafl
go eafily through the íteepeít, deepeíl, and moft dangerous
paiTages of the Mountains that lie about this Gulf. And
though the ways are at that time of the year bad, yet thev
are C> beaten with the Mules, and fo wide an¿ open'
that one bid ftep and paiTage may be avoided for a bet-
ter i and the worft of this way continues but i j leagues
there being Raneho's or Lodges in the way, Cattei and

Mules

Jhap. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies; 2? i

fules alio among the Woods and Mountains, for relief
nd comfoit to a weary Traveller. What the Spaniards
10ft feat until they come out of thefe Mountains, arelóme
mot three hundred Black^noors, Simarrmes, who for too
mchhard ufage, have fled away from Guatemala and o-
icr parts from their/ Maikis unto th«;ie woods, and
íere live and bring up their children and increafe daily,,
) that all the power of Guatemala, nay all the Country
bout (having often attempted it) is not able to bring
hem under fubjeäion. Thefe often come out to the road
ray, and fet upon the Requa's of Mules, and take oí Winea
ron, Clothing and Weapons from them as much as
hey' need, without doing any harm unto the people, or
laves that go with the Mules > but rather thefe rejoyce
rith them, being of one colour, and fubjed to ilaverf
nd mifery which the others have ihaken oft i by whofe
xample and encouragement many of thefe íhake of their
nifery, and joyn with them to enjoy liberty, though it be
)ut in the Woods and Mountains. Their Weapons are bows
nd arrows which they ufe and carry about them, only to
lefend themfelves, it the Spaniards fet upon thtnr, elfe
hey ufe them not againit the Spaniards, who travel qui-
tly and give them part ot what provifion they cany,
rhefe have often faid that the chief caufe of their flying to
hofe mountains is to be in a readinefs to joyn with the E/i-
rliflj and Hollanders, if ever they land in the Gulf i for they
!now, from them they may enjoy that liberty which the Spa-
liards will never grant unto them. Alter (he firft 1 5 leagues
he way is better, and there are little Towns and Vil-
ages of Indians, who relieve with provifion both man and
jeait, Fifteen leagues further is a great Town of Indians, cal-
ed AeafabajUan, (landing upon a river, which for hih is held
the ben in all that Country. Though there are many forts,
fet abpve all there is One which they call Bobo, a thick
round fiih as long or longer than a mans arm, With only %
middle bone as white as *niik, as fat- as butter, and good to
boil, fry, ftew or bake. There is alio from hence moit of
the way to Guatemala in brooks and (hallow rivers: one of

V a the

i$i _ A New Sumy Chap. XVII

the befi fort of tiihes in the world, which the Spanian
judge to be a kind of Trout, it is called there Tepemecbi
the fat whereof refembles veal more than fi£h.

This Town of AcacabajUan is governed by a Spaniar
who is called Corrigidon his power extendeth no fu,
ther than to the Gulf, and to thofc Towns in the wa
This Govtrnour hath often attempted to bring in (ho!
Simarraues from the Mountains, but could never preva
againft them. All the itrength of this place may be forr
twenty Muskets ( for fo many Spanifh houfes there ma
be in the Town ) and fome few Indians that ufe bows an
arrows, for the defence of the Town againft the Blachmoi
SimarroMj.

About Acacabajllan, there are many Eftancia's of Catt<
and Mules, much Cacao, Achiotre, and drugs for Choce
■Jattci There is alfo Apothecary drugs, as ZarzaparilU
and Canna fijiula, and in the Town as much variety I
Fruits and gardens, as in any one Indian Town in th
Country i But above all Acacabajllan is far known, am
much efteemed of in the City oí Guatemala, for excellen
Musk-melons, fome fmall, fome bigger than a mans heac
wherewith the Indians load their mules and carry then
to fell all' over the Country. From hence to Guatemala
there are but thirty mort leagues, and though fome hill
ihere be, afcents and defcents, yet nothing troublefom t(
man or beaft. Among thefe mountains there have be.i
difecvered fome mines of metal, which the Spaniards havi
begun to dig, and Hading that they have been fome o
Copper, and fome of Iron, they have let them alone, judg-
ing them more chargeable than profitable. But greatei
profit have the Spaniards loft, than oí iron and Copper,
for uííng the poor Indians ton hardly, and that in this
way, from Acacabjfrlan to Guatemala, efpecially about a
place called, el Ague Caliente the hot water, where is a
River, out of which in fome places formerly the Indians
found fucli ftore of gold, that they were charged by the Spa-
niards with a yearly tribute of gold. But the Spaniards be-
ing like Valdivia in Chille, too greedy after it, murdering

the

;hap. XVIIL of the Weft-Indies. 293

i Indians for not difcovering to them whereabout this
afore lay, have lofti^~maiure yMkdians alio. Yet
to th1s4av GÄH is made about the Mountains, the Ri-
r, and the fands for the hidden treafure which peradven-
■e by Gods order and appointment, doth and ihall lie
I and be kept for a people better knowing and honour-
Aheir God. At this place called el Ague Caliente, or
; hot water, liveth a .Blackmore in an Eíhncia or his
m, who is held to be very rich, and gives good enter-
nment to the Travellers that pafs that way ; he is rich in
tttet, Sheep, and Goats, and from his Farm flores Guate-
ila and the people thereabout with the beit cheefe of all
at Country. But his riches are thought not fo much to in-
rafe from his Farm and cheefes, but trom this hidden trea-
re, which credibly is reported to be known unto him.
i hath been queftioned about it in the Chancery of Oua-
nala, but hath denyed often any fuch treafure to be known
ito him. The jealoufie and fufpicion of him, is, for that
rmerly having been a Have, he bought his freedom with
eat fums of mony, and fince he hath been free hath
lught that farm and much land lying to it, and hath ex-
ediogly increafed his ftock h To which he anfwereth,
at when he was young and a flave, he had a good Mafter,
ho let him get for himfelf what he could, and that he
aying the good husband, gatherad as much as would buy
s liberty, and at firit a little houfe to live in, to the which
od hath fince given a blefling with a greater increaie of
ock. From this hot water three or four leagues, there is
lother River called, Rio de las Voceas, os the River of
j»/, where are a company of poor and Country people
10ft of them Meftizo's, and Mulatto's, who live in thatched
3ufes, with fome fmall ftock of Cattel, fpendiog their
me alio in fearebing for fands of Gold, hoping that one
ay by their diligent fearch they and their children^
nd al! their Country ihall be enriched, and that Rk de
is Vaccas, (hall parallel Paäolus, and ftir up the wits
í Poets to fpeak of it as much as ever they have fpoke
f that, From this River is prefently difcovesed the

U 3 pleafant-

zm A New Survey Chap. XVII

¡pleafanteft Valley in all that Country, ( where my felf d
live at leaft five years ) called the Valley of Mixco, and f
nola, lying fix leagues fsrom Guatemala, being fifteen mil
in length, and ten or twelve in breadth-, Out of the ii
«Mures this Valley is ftored with iheep, the ground ii
elofed is divided into many Farms, where groweth bett<
wheat than any in the Country of Mexico. From this Va
ley the City is well provided of wheat, and Bifket is mac
for the (hips that come every year unto the Gulf. It
called the Valley of Mixco and Pimla, from two Towi
of Indians, fo called, Handing oppofite the one to the (
ther on each fide of the Valley, Vínola on the left fide froi
Rio de las Vaccas, and Mixco on the right. Here do lh
many rich Farmers, but yet Country and clowniih peopl
who know more of breaking clods of earth, than of mi
naging Arms ofTenfive or defenfive. But among them
muftnot foiget one friend of mine, called Juan Palomean
whom I mould have more e (teemed of than i did, if I coul
have prevailed with him to have made him live more la
a man than a beaft, more like a free man than a bond flav
to his Cold and Silver. This man had in my time thrc
hundred lufty mules ¡rained up in the way of the Gul
which he divided into fix Requa's or companies; and fc
them he kept above a hundred Blac^moor flaves, men, wo
men and children who lived near Mixco in feveral thatch'
Cottagts. The houfe he lived in himfeli was but a poc
thatched houfe, wherein he took more delight to live thai
in other houfe which he had in Guatemala, for there h
lived like a wild Simatron among his flaves and Blackamoors
whereas in the City he ihould have lived civilly i there h
livtd-.with.miik, curds and black, hard, and mouldy big
Jcet, and with dry taffajo, which is dry faked beef cut ou
in thin fiices and dryed in the fun and wind, till there b
little iubfiance left in it, fuch as his ilaves were wont t<
carry to the Gulf for their prpvifion by the way, whereas ii
he had lived in me City, he muft have eat for his credi
what others of worth did eat. But the mifer knew well
which was the hell way tofavc, and fochofe a field for s

City,

hap. XVIIL of the Weft-Indies. 295

ity» a cottage for a houfe, a company of Simarrones and
>ack-moers for Citizens, and yet he was thought to be
ttth iix hundred thoufand duckats. He was the undoer
all others who dealed with Mules for bringing and car-
ing commodities to the Gulf for the Merchants", for he
ving lufty mules, luity lUves, would fet the price or rate
r the hundred weight fo, as he might get, but others at
at rate hiring Indians and fervants to go with their Mules,
ight lofe. He was fo cruel to his BHwow, that if a-
r were untoward, he would torment them almoit fo
:ath ; among» whom he had one {lave called Macaco
for whom 1 have often interceded, but to little purpofe )
horn he would often hang up by ihe arms, and whip him
[1 the bloud ran about his back, and then his fleih being
,rn, mangled, and all in a gore blood, he would for laft
ire pour boiling greafe upon it j he had marked him for
ilave with burning irons upon his face, his hands, his
rms, his back, his belly, his thighs, his legs, that the poor
ive was weary of life, and I think would two or three
mes have hanged himfelf, if I had not counfelled him
) the contrary. He was fo fenfual and carnal that he
rould ufe his own flaves wives at his pkafure i nay when
e met in the City any of that kind handfome, and to his
king, if (he would not yield to his defire, he would go to
er matter or miftrefs, and buy her, offering far rrnre than
he was worth, boafting that he would pulí down her
»roud and haughty look-, with one years fía very under
lim. He killed in my time two Indians in the way to
he Gulf, and with his mony came off, as if he had killed
>ut a dog. He would never marry, becaufe his flaves
upplyed the bed of a wife, and none of his neighbours
lurft fay him nay j whereby he hailed to fill that valley
vith baftards of all forts and colours, by whoms when
:hat rich miler dieth, all his wealth and treafure is like to
ae confumed. ,

Befides the two Towns which denominate this valley,
there ftandeth at the Eaft end of it clcfe by the Mo de Us
Vaccas an Ermitage, called, Nojira Sennora del Cornel, or

y 4 oar

296 J New Survey Chap. XVlII.

our Lady of C<mw/, which is she Pariih- Church toallthofe
■ feveral farms oí Spaniards living in the valley; though
true it is, moft conitantly they do refort unto the Indian
Towns to Mafs, and in Mixco efpecially, the Spaniards
have a rich fodality of our Lady of the Rofary, and the
B!ack:moors another. In all the valley there may be -be-
tween forty and fifty Spanijh farms or houfts belonging to
the Ermitage, and in all thefe houfes, fome three hun-
dred flaves, men and women, Blackpoors and Mulattos,
Mixco is a Town of three hundred families, but in it no-
thing conhderable, but the riches belonging unto the two
forenamed Sodalities, and fome rich Indians, who have
teamed ot the Spaniards to break clods of earth, and to fow
wheat, and to traffique with Mules unto the Gulf. Be-
bdes what fowls and great llore ofTurkies which in this
Town are bred, there is a coniiant (laughter houfe, where
meat is fold to the Indians within, and to the farms with-
out, and provifioa is made for all the Requa's and (laves
that goto the Gulf with their Mailers Mules. Bt lides the
fix Requa's before named of Juan Palomeqne, there are in
this Valley four brothers, named, Dan Gafpar, Von Diego,
Von Tsbutnas, Von Juan, de Coltndres, who have each of
them a iiequa of thieefcore Mules ( though few (laves,, and
only hired Indians to go with them ) to tiaffique to the Gulf,
and over all the Country as far as Mexico iometimes. Yet
befides thefe there ire fome fix more Ptequa's belonging
to other fartrs, which with thofe of the Town of Mix-
to may make up full twenty Requa's h and thofe twenty
Requa's contain above a thouiand Mules, which om>
from this Valley are imployed so all pa?ts of the Coun-
try by the rich Merchants oí Guatemala. But to return
again to the Town (of Mixco, the conftant paffage through
it of thefe Requa's, of rich Merchants, of all paflen-
gers that go and come from Spain, hath made it very
rich ; whereas in the Town it felf there is no other.
commodity, except h be a kind of earth, whereof are
made rare and excellent pots far water, pans, pipkins,
platters, diíhes, chafing-diíhes, warming-pans ¿ wherein

thofe

ip. XVIII. of the WeiMndies. 297

■ Indian Chew much wit, and paint them with
white, and feveral mingled colours, and fell them to
órnala, and the Towns about, which fome Criohan
,cn will eat by full inouttvfuls, endangering their
>h and lives, fo that by this earthen ware they may look
¡e and pale. The Town oí finóla m bigneís is muco
unco Mixco, but a far pkafanter Town, more healthy
better fcated, ftanding upon a plain, whereas mm
ás on the fide oí a hill, which carryeth the Travellers
e out oí fight of the valley. In Finóla there is alio a
Phter houfe, where Beei is daily fold, there is plenty of
Is fruits, mail, wheat, ( though not altogether fo bright
hat of Mixco ) hony, and the beft water thereabout i it is
ed in the Indian tongue Panac, ( fome fay ) from a liuit
hat name which is very abundant there. On the North
i South fide of this valley are hills, which are molt town
rh wheat, which proveth better than in the low valley,
the welt end of it, ftand two greater Towns than Mw»
i Finóla, named Petapa, and AmathUn, to the which
■re are in the midlt of the valley Corns defcents and afcents ',
iich they calf Baranc^s or bottoms, where are pleifant
earns and fountains, and good feeding for flieep, and

\etapa is a Town of at leaft five hundred inhabitants
ry rich, who furfur alio fome Spaniards to dwell a-
002ft them, from whomalfo thofe Indian/ have learned
live and thrive in the world. This Town is the paffage
om Comayagua, St. Salvador, Nicaragua, and Cofia Rica,
id hath got great wealth by the conlUnt goers and
)mers. it is efteemedone of the pleafanteft Towns be-
>n*ing unto Guatemala, for a great Lake of freih water
ter unto it, which is full of hlh, efpecially Crabs, and
fiih called ' M jarra, which is much like unto a Mullet
though not altogether fo big) and eateth like it. In
his Town there is" a certain number>of Indians appointed,
vho are to iiih for the City, and on VVednefdays, Fry-
la)1 s and Saturdays, are bound to carry fuch a quantity
0 Guatemala, of Crabs and Mojarras as the Corrigidor

and

^9% A New Survey Chap. X Vl

and Regidores, Mayor and Aldermen (who are but eiah
thai! command weekly to be brought.

This Town mm is fo «lied from two /*&« won

Pef*/>, which figmfieth a Mat, and ha, which fignifie

water, and a Mat being the chief part of an India

bed, it is as much as to fay a bed of water, fromt

ímoothnefs, plamnefs, and calmnefs of the water of t

Lake. There liveth in it a principal family of India

who are laid to defcend from the ancient Kings of tho

parts, and now by the Spaniards are graced with rhe n

ble name oiGuzmanh out of this family is chofen one

be Governour of the Town with fubordination unto t\

City and Chancery of Guatemala. Don Barn abe de Guzm<

was Governour m my time, and had been many years b<

fore, and governed very wifely and difcreetly till wil

old age he came to lofe his fight i and in his place et

trta his fon Von Pedor de Guzman, of whom the reft of xl

Indians flood in great awe, as formerly they had to his F<

rher. Had not thefe Indians been given to drunkennel

( as moil Indians are J they might have governed a Tow

of Spaniards. This Governour hath many priviiedges grar

ted unto him ( though none to wear a fword, or rapiei

as may the Governour of Chiapa of the Indians) w

appoints by turns forneof the Town to wait and attem

on him at dmner and fupper, others to look to his Hor

íes, others to fiih for him, others to bring him wooi

for his houfe {pending, others to bring him meat for hi

Horks ■■> and yet after all this his attendance, he attend

and waits on the Fryer that lives in the Town, and dotl

nothing concerning the governing of the Town and ex

ecuting of juflice, but what the Fryer alloweth and ad

vifeih -to be done. There is alfo great fervioe appointee

for this Fryer, of Fifliermen, and other attendants in hi;

boufe, who liveth as itately as any Biihop. Moil trade-

belonging to a well fetled Common- wealth, are here e*

ercifed by thde Indians. As for herbage, and garden-fruit!

and requiiites, it hath whatfoever maybe found or defired

in the City of Guatemala, The Church treafure is very

greai

ip. XVIIL of the WeiWndies. 399

¡ there being many Sodalities of our Lady and other

Saints, which are enriched with crowns, and chains,
bracelets, befidesthe lamps, eenforf, and filver candle-
s belonging unto the Altars. Upon Michaelmas day
e chief to and feaft of the Town, which is dedicated
, S Michael, whither many Merchants relort from Gua-
i/tf'tobuy and fell', in the afternoon, and the next
following, Bull-baiting is the common fport for that
I with Come Spaniards and Blasmares on Horfe-back,

other Indians on foot, who commonly being drunk,
ievenmre,fome lofe their lives in the fport Betides

general concourfe of people every year at that tune,
re is every day at five a clock in the afternoon a Tian-
z or Market, upfeeld by the concourfe of the Indians
■he Town among themfelves. Befides the lake, there run»
hby this Town a river, which in fome places is eahly wa~
I over, and waters the fruits, gardens, and other planta-
os, and drives a mill which ierves moft of the valley to
nd their wheat. Within a mile and a half of this Town
•re is a rich Ingenio or farm of Sugar belonging to one
badián de Savahtta, a Bifcain born, who came at firli
ry poor into that Country, and ferved one of his Goun-
f trien* but with his good induftry and pains, he began

get a Mule or two to traffique with about the Country,
1 at ha he increaied his ftock to a whole Requa of Mules,
id from thence grew fo rich that he bought much land
•out Petapa, which he found to be very tit for Sugar,
id from thence was incour aged to build a princely houfe,
hither the beft oí Guatemala do refortfor their recreation,
'his man maketh a great deal of Sugar for the Country,
nd fends every year much to Spain* he keepethat leaii
weefcore flaves of his own for the woik of his farm, is
ery generous in houfe keeping, and is thought to be worth
bove rive hundred thoufand Duckats. Within half a mile
torn him there is another farm of Sugar, which is called
tut ¿Trapiche belonging unto the Auguftin Fryers olGua-
emala, which keeps fome twenty flaves, and is called a
trapiche, for that it grinds not the Sugar Cane with that

device

féé A New Survey Chap. XVI

device of the Ingenio, but grinds a lefs quantity, and
makes not fo much Sugar as doth an Ingenio. From her
three miles is the Town of Amatitlan, neer unto whi
ftandeth i a greater Ingenio of Sugar, than is that of Sat
teta , and is called the ingenio of one AnU, becaufe he ñ
founded it, but now it belongeth unto one Pedro Crefa tl
Foimafter of Guatemala t% this Ingenio feemeth to be
little Town by it felf for the many cottages and thatch*
houles of Blackamoor ilaves which belong unto it, who m
foe above a hundred, men, women, and children. Tl
chief dwelling houfe is ftrong and capacious, and able 1
entertain a nundred lodgers. Theie three farms of Sug;
(landing fo neer unto Guatemala, enrich the City much an
occafion great trading from it to Spain. The Town t
Amataba, though in It there live not fo many Spaniard
as in Petapa, yet there are in it more Indian hmilies thai
¡n Petapa. The ftreets are more orderly made and fra
med like a Chequer board, they are wide, board, plair
and all upon áuft and fand. This Town alfo enjoyeth th
commodity of the lake, and furniiheth with fiOi theCir
of Guatemala, upon thofe days before named of Petapi
And though itiiandeth out of the road-way, yet it is al
Wioft as rich as Petapa. For the Indians of it get mud
by the concourfe of common people, and the Gentry ol
Guatemala, who refort thither to certain baths of hot wa-
ters, which are judged and approved very wholefomfoi
the body. This Town alfo getteth much by the fait which
*erc is oiade, or rather gathered by the lake fide, which
every morning appeareth like a hoary froft upon the
ground, and is taken up and purified by the Indians, and
proves very white and good. Befides what they get by
the fait, they get alfo, by the Requa's of Mules in the val-
ley, and about the Country, which are brought to feed
upon that fait earth a day, or half a day, until they be
ready to burft ( the owner paying fix pence a day for e-
very Mule ) and it hath been found by experience,that this
makes them thrive and grow lufty, and purgeth them bet-
ter thm any drench, or blood- let ting. They have fur-
ther

ap.XVlIL of the Weft-Indies. jot

great trading in Cotton- wool, more abundance of
ts than Petap*, a fairer marketplace with two extraor-
iry great Elm- trees, under which the Indians daily
•tar evening to buy and fell. The Church of this
ivn is as fair and beautiful as any about Guatemala, the
,es and ihte whereof hath caufed the Dominican r-ry-
fince the year 1635, to make that place the head and
ory over the other Towns of the valley, and to build
rca goodly and fumptuous Cloifter, in which in my
,e there was ( for I told then moil of it, and doubtlefs
-e it bath much increafed ) eight thoufaod Duckats laid
in a cheft, with three locks for- the common cxpences
;he Cloifter. Thus my Reader,! have led thee through
• valley of Uixco, and Finóla, Mapa ana Amatiüan,
iich in riches and wealth, what with the great trading
it, what with the iheep and cattc!, what with the aban-
nce of mules, what with three Farms of Sugar, what with
s great Farms of Corn and Wheat, what wkfr-the-Ghur-
es treafures, yields to no other place belonging unto the
•minions of Guatemala. I may not forget yet a double
heat harveft ( as I may well term it ) in mis Valley, i he
ft being of a little kind of Wheat, which they call Trtge
-emefino, ( a word compounded in Sfanifh from thefe two
ords,tr<>/ «e/"«,orfrom the Latin ires menfes ) which at-
r three months (owing is ripe and ready to be cut down,
id being fbwed about the end of Astgufl , is commonly har-
>fted in about the end oí November,, and although in the
nalnefs of it, it feems to have but a little Flour, yet it
ields as much as their other íortoí Wear, and makes as
rhitc bread, though it keep not fo well as that which is
lade of other Wheat, but foon gtoweth fíale and hard,
fhe other harveft ( which is of two forts of Wheat, one caí-
:d Rubio or red Wheat, the other called Blanqnilko, or
>hite like Candía Wheat ) followeth foon after this tírft of
remefmo, for prefently after Chriftmas every one begins to
iring their fickles into the field, where they do -not only
eap down their Wheat, but intfead of threfmng it
n barns, they caufe it to be trod by Mares inclofed

within

?oj A New Survey Cháp. XV

within floors made on purpofein the fields i and when

Wheat is trod out of the Ears by the Mares trampling

are whipped round about the floors that they may

Hand ftill, but tread it conftantly and throughly •, then

Mares being let out of the floors, the Wheat is winno-

from the chaff, and put up clean into facks, and from

field earned to the Barns ; but the chaffand moft oi

ftraw is left to rot in the fields, which they eüeem as ä

as dunging i and further fet all the fields on fire, burn

the Hubble that is left a little before the time of the

fhowers of rain, which with the aihes left after the h

ningfatteth the ground, and by them is held the beft \

to husband or dung their ground. Others that will fo<

new and woody piece ofland, caufc the trees though ti

ber trees to be cut down, and fell not a ftick of that wo

( which {here is lb plentiful, that they judge it would i

quit their coft ro carry it to Guatemala, though in Emit

it would yield tboufandsof pounds > but they let it lie a

dry, and before the winter rain begins, they kt on fire

the field, and burn that rich timber, with the aihes whe

of that ground becomes fo fat and fertile, that where ?

on an Acre we row here three buíhüls of Wheat, or upwan

they low iuch ground fo thin, that they fcarce dare v(

fure a full buihel upon an Acer, leii with too much fprea

"ing upon the ground it grow too thick, be lodged, a;

they lole their crop. The like they do unto the pafture

the Valley, about the end of March, it is ihort and withe

ed and dry, and they alfo fct it on fire, which being bur

eaufeth a difmal fight, and profpecl of a black Valle]

but after the firft two or three ihowers, it puts on again i

green and pleafant garment, inviting the Cattel, Shee

Lambs, Goats, and Kids, ( which for a while were drive

away to ether paiUuing ) to return and fport again, to fet

and reft in its new flourilhing bolbm. But now it is tirn

I return again back to the other end of this Valley, to, tí

Rio de ¡as Facas ( from whence Í have viewed the con

pais of it, and made my long digreffion from Eaftto Wei

so the fatrthtft Town oí Amatitlm ) to (hew thee, my Reí

de;

ip. XVIIL of the Wcñ-lndksl jox

he Utile part of thy way remaining unto Guatemala
it is, from the Ermitage of our Lady, there is a
(ht way through the middle of the Valley leading al-
to Amatitlan^ and then turning up a hill our of the
iy on the right hand i But that hath many afceois and
:nts, bottoms, falls and rifings, and therefore is nor the
ant Road, which fromithe Ermitage, pointeth on the
j hand, obferving the Town of Mixoo, Handing but
miles from Guatemala^ from Mixco the way lyeth up
1, and leadcth to a Town fomewhat bigger than Mix-
( Indians called San Lmasy or St. La%, a cold Town,
exceeding rich i the temper and colduefs of it hath
e it the fiorehoufe, or Granary for all the City , for
reas below in the Valley, the Wheat will no»- keep
¡ without mufting, and breeding a worm call, d Gurgo-
fuch is the temper of this Town of St. Luke, that in it
Wheat will keep two or three years ready éhreíhéd?
i a little turning now and then ^ aud as it lyethwill
; and yield, (as experience taught me there )io that he
5 hath laid up in that Town two hundred builuls of
icat, at the years end (hall find netr upon two hurt?
d and twenty buihels. This Town therefore receives
in the Valley moll of the harveft, and is full of what
call Barns, but there are called Trojas^ without floors,
: raifed up with fiacks and bords a foot or two from the
>und, and covered with mats,.. whereon is laid the wheat,

I by fome rich Monopolifts from the City is kept and
urdedtwo and three years, until they find their beft op-
rtunity to bring it out to fale* at the rate of their own

II and pleafure. From hence to Guatemala there is but
ee little leagues, and one only Bar auca or bottom, and
every fide of the way little pett^ Towns which they'

1 Milpas^ confining of fome twenty Cottages In the
ddle of the way is the top of a hill, which difcoveretfr
the City, and ftandeth as overmaftering of it, as if with
piece or two of Ordinance it would keep all Guatemala
awe ; But befides this hill which is the wide and o-
n Road, there ftand yet forwarder on the right and left

hand

-;■

1 04 A New Survey Chap. XV

hand other mountains which draw neerer to the City, \

what this top peradventure with too much diliance, is

able to do or reach, the otheis certainly would reach u

Garion (hot and command that far commanding C

Down this hill the way lies broad and wide, and as 01

as is the way down hornet or High gate Hill , and at

bottom it is more firaitned between the Mountains, (ox

fpaceofa bowihot, which paiTage alio is craggy by real

of iiones and fome fmal! pieces of rocks which 'lie k

brock of water that defcends from the Mountains, a

runs toward the City. But at a little Ermitage called !

John, the way opens again it felf, and íheweth Guate»

la, welcoming the weary travellers with a pleafant pi

fped, and eating theirs, or their mules or Horfes ket, wl

with green walks, what with a fandy and gravelly Ro

unto the City, which never Ihut gate againii any goer

comer, nor forbad their entrance with any fenced wa!

or watchmens jealous queitions, but freely and gladly e

terrains them either by the back fide of the Dominica

Cloifter,orby the Church and Nunnery called the Corsee

tion. And thus my Reader and Country-man I have broug

and guided thee from the Gulf unto 'GaÄfewa/^fticwing'r"

what that way is moil remarkable. I (hall not now ¡lie

thee any more of this Cities Dominions toward Nkaragi

and the South (havng already (hewn thee the way as |

a? Relief) leaving that till I come to tell thee cf my jou

ney homewards, which I made that way. There reman

ycc the Country of the Vera Paz and the way unto it 1

difcovcr, and fo to cloie up this Cha.pter. The Vera Pá

is fo called, for that the Indians of that" Country hearin

how the Spaniard! had conquerid GnaUm&la, and di

conquer the Country round about, wherefóéver they cam

yielded themfekes peaceably and without any rehfiance ur

to the Government of Spain. This Country formerly ha

a Bifhoptoitfelfdiiiindtfro.n Guatemala, but now is mad

one Biihoprick with that, ft is governed by anAlc&Id

Maior, or high jüítíce fentfrom Spain, With labordinati

on to the Court of Guatemala* The feé &s inir

hap. XVHL of the Weft-Indies. }$J

)\vn of it, is called Cohan, where is a Cloiftcr of Domi-
:an Fryers,and the common place of refidence of the
calde Major. °M this Country as yet is not fubdued
the Spaniards, who have now and then fome rtrong;
counters with the barbarous and heathen people, which
betwen this country and Jucatan h and fain would the
miarás conquer them, that they might make way
rough them unto a Town called Campin belonging

Jucatan, and fettle Commerce, and Traffique by land
ith that Country, which is thought would be a great
rtherance to the Country and City of Guatemala, and
Cafer way to convey their goods to the Havana, than by
eGulf, for oftentimes the Ships that go from the Gulf

the Havana, are met with by the Hollanáers and fur-
ifed. But as yet the Spaniards have not been able to
ing to pafs this their Defign, by rea fon they have found
rong Refiftance from the heathen ifh People, anda hot
:rvice to attempt the conquering of them. Yet there
as a Fryer a great acquaintant of mine, called Fryer
rancifio Moran, who ventured his Life among thofe Bar-
irians, and with two or three Indians went on foot
trough that Country, till he came to Campin, where he
>und a few Spaniards, who wondred at his Courage and
oldnefs in coming that way. This Fryer came back a-
ain to Cohan and Vera Paz,, relating how the Barban*
as hearing him fpeak their Language, and finding hira
ind, loving, and courteous to them, ufed him alfo
indly, fearing (as he faid) that if they ihould kill him,
le Spaniards would never let them be at Reft and Quiet
11 they had utterly destroyed them. He related when
e came back, that the Country which the Barbarians in-
abit, is better than any part of the Vera Paz, which is
¿bjeä to the Spaniards, and fpoke much of a Valley»
phere is a great Lake, and about it a Town of Indians t
irtnch he judged to be of at leaft twelve thoufand Inha-
lants, the Cottages lying at a diftance one from a-
lotber. This Fryer hath writ of this Country, ¡md hath
X gone?

4'1

3°ó

TM New Survey Chap.XVlII.

gone to Spain to the Court to motion the conquering o^
it, for the Profit and Commodity that may enfue both to
Guatemala and Jucatan, if a way were opened thither.
But though as yet on that fide the Spaniards and the Coun-
tiy of the Vera Paz, be firaightned by that hcatheniih
People, yet on the other fide it hath free PaiTage unto the
Gulf, and trade there when the Ships do come, carrying
Fowls and what other Provifion the Country will Bflford
for the Ships, and bringing from thence Wines, and other
Spanijk Wares to Coban. This Country is very hilly
and craggy, and though there be fome big Towns in it,
there are not above three or four that are confiderable. The
chief Commodities are Acbiom (which is thebcft of all the
Country belonging to Guatemala)m¿C acao, Gotten wool,
Hony, Canna fiftuljy and Sar zapatilla, great fiore of Maiz,
but no Wheat, much Wax, plenty of fowl and Birds of all
coloured Feathers, wherewith the Indians make fome curi-
ous Woikf, but not like thofe of Mechonean. Here
are alfo abundance of Parrets, Apes and Monkies which
breed in the Mountains. The way from Guatemala, to
this Country is that which hitherto hath been fpoken of
from the Gulf, as far as the Town of St. Luke vand from
thence the way keeps on the Hills and Mountains which
lie on the fide of the Valley of Mmco. Thefe Hills are
called Sacatepeques, ( compounded of Sacate and Tepee,
the latter fignifying a Hill, and the former, Herb, or
Grafs, and thus joyned, they fignifie Mountains ofgrais)
and among them are thefe chief Towns, firft, Santjago, or
St. James, a Town of five hundred Families-, fecondly,
San fedro or St. Feter, confining of fix hundred Fami-
lies j thirdly, St. Juan or St. John, confifting alfo of at
leaft fix hundred Families i and fourthly Sto. Domingo Se-
tiaco, or Su^Dominic of Senaco, being of three hundred
Families. Thefe four Towns are very rich, and the two
Jaft very cold, the two firft are warmer j there are about
them many Farms of Corn and good Wheat, befides
the Indian Maiz. Thefe Indians are fome what of more

Courage

haj>. XVIIL ef the Weft-Indies. 307

lurage Áán thofe of other Towns, and in my time
re like to rife up againft the Spaniards for their unmer -
ú Tyranny over them. The Churches are exceeding
1 i in the Town of Santjago, there was living in my
le one Indian, who for only vain- glory had beftowed
worth of fix thoufand Duckats upon that Church, and
afterwards this Wretch was found to be a Wizard and
)later. Thefe Indians get much Mony by letting out
:at Tuffs of Feathers, which the Indians ufe in their
ncesupon th# Feafts of the Dedication of their Towns,
r fome of the great Tuffs may have at Icait threefcore
ig Feathers of divers colours, for every Feather hiring
:y have half a Rial, beiides what price they fet to eve-
Feather, if any ihould chance to be loft. From the
wn of St. John, which is the furtheft, the way lies
in and pleafant to a little village of fome twenty
ttages, called St. RamundooxSu Raymond, from whence
ireisagood days journey u*p and down Barrancas, or
ttoms to a Rancho, or Lodge ftanding by a River*
e, which is the fame River that paffes by ¿he Town of
acabajilan fpoken of before. From this is an Afcent or
rery craggy and rocky Mountain, called the Mountain
Kabinal, where are fteps cut out in the very Rocks
the Mules feet, and flipping on one or the other fide
¡y fall furely down the Rocks breaking their Necks,
d mangling all their Limbs and Joynts, but this Dan-
r continues not long nor extends above a League
d a half, and in the top and worft of this danger,
:re is the comfort of a goodly valley, called E/ Valle de
n Nicolas, St. Nicolas his Valley , from an Eftantia
led St. Nicolas belonging to the Dominicans Cloiller
Cohan, This Valley, though it muft not compare
th that of Mixco and Finóla j yet next after it, it may
:11 take place, for only three things contiderable in
The firft is an Ingenio of Sugar, called San Geronymo,
St. Hierome, belonging to the Dominicans Cloiiier
Guatemala, which indeed goes beyond that fpoken
Xa ' - of

\

"j o 8 J New Survey Chap. XVIII.

of Amatitlatiy both for abundance of Sugar made there»
and fent by Mules to Guatemala over that rocky Moun-
tain, and for Multitude of Slaves living in it under the
command of two Fryers, and for the excellent Hoifes
bred there, which are incomparably the belt of all the
Country of Guatemala for Mettle and Gallantry, and
therefore ( though Mules are commonly ufed for bur-
thens ) are much defired and looked after by the Gal-
lants and Gentry oí the City, who make it a great part
of their honour to prance about the Sti¡eets. The fe-
cond thing in this Valley is the Efiancia, or Farm ol
St, Nicolas, which is as famous, fox breeding of Mules
as is St. Hierome for Hosfcs. The third Ornament to
it is a Town of Indians* called Rabinal, of at leafi
eight hundred Families, which hath all that heart can
wiih, for Pleafure and Life of man. It inclines rathet
to Hear than Cold, but the Heat is moderate and much
qualified with the many cool and fhady Walks. There
is not any Indian Fruit, which is not there to be found,
befides the Fruits of Spain^ as Oranges, Lemon?, fweel
and four, Citron?., Pomegranates, Grapes, Figs, Almonds,
and Dates > the only want of Wheat is not a want tc
them that mind Bread of Wheat more than of Maiz, for
in two days, it is eaiily brought from the Towns ol
Sacatepeques. For Flelh, it hath Beef, Mutton, Kid.
Fowls, Turkies, Quails Partridges, Rabbets, Pheafants-
and for Fiih, it hath a River lunning by the Houfes,
which yields plenty both great and fmall. The In>
dians Gf this town are much like thofe of Cbiapa
of the Indians, for Bravery, for Feafting, for Riding ol
Horfcs, and fhewing themfelves in Sports and Paftimes,
This Town my Friend Fryer Joba Baptifi^ after he had
been Prior of many Places, and efpecially of Cbiapú
and Guatemala, chofe to live in to enjoy Quietnefs, Plea-
fure and Content j and in this Town was I feailed by him
in fuch a fumptuous, prodigal and laviíhing way, as trulj
ought make poor Mendicant Fryers aibamed to com<

k

:hap. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies. } 09

3 near to Princes in vanity of Life and Dyer. From
iiis Valley to the Vera ?áz, or Cohan, the head-Town
f it, there is nothing confiderabk, lave only one Town
[lore called St. Chriftoval, or St. Chrifiopher, which en*
ays now a pleafant Lake, and bottomlefs, as is re-
orted. Formerk there being no Lake at all, m a great
¡arthquake, the Earth there opened, and fwallowed up
nany Houfes, leaving this Lake which ever fince hath
ontinued From hence to Cohan the Ways are bad and
Mountainous, yet fuch as through the worft of them,
hofe Country-mules with heavy Burthens eafily go through.
Vnd thus with my Pen, Reader, have I gone through
noft of the Bounds and Limits of Guatemala, which is
nore furniihed with gallant Towns of Indians, than is
my part oí all America j and doubtlcfs were the Indi-
ms warlike, indubious, active for War or Weapons, no
>art in all America might be ftronger in People then
Guatemala. But they being kept under and oppreffed by
:he Spaniards, and no Weapons allowed them* not to
nuch as their natural Bows and Arrows, much leis Guns,
Piftols, Mufquets, Swords, or Pikes, their Courage is
jone, their Affedions alienated from the Spaniards, and
[b the Spaniards might very well fear, that if their
Country ihould be invaded, the Multitudejof their Indian
people, would prove to them a Multitude of Ene-
mies, either running away to another fide i or forced
to help, would be to them but as the help of fo many
flies.

X3

CHAP.

i'! !

A New Survey Chap. XIX

CHAP. XIX.

Shewing
Behaviour

the Condition, Quality, Fafhion, and
of the Indians of the Country of
Guatemala, fince the Conquefi, and efpecially
?/ their Feafis and yearly Solemnities,

*TpHe Condition of the Indians ci th\s Country of Guar
JL témala is as fad, and as much to be pitied as of any
Indians in America, for that I may fay it is with them in
fome fort, as it was with Jfrael in Egypt, of whom it is
faid, Exod. I. y* They were fruitful and increafed abundant-
ly , and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty, and the land
was filled with them, and therefore Pharao faid unto his
people, Verf. 10. Let us deal wifely with them, left they mul-
tiply ■> and it come to pa fs, that when there falleth out any war,
they joyn alfo unto our enemies, and fight againft us. "There-*
fore they did fet over them Tasi^mafters, to afflitt them
with their Burdens-, and they made their lives bitter with
bondage, in Mortar and in Bric\* and in all manner of
fervice in the field ; and all their fcrvice wherein they
made them ferve was with Rigor, Though it is true there
ought not to be any companion made betwixt the Ifraelites
and the Indians, thofe being Gods people, thefe not as
yet i neverthelefs the Comparifon may well hold in the
OppniTion of the one and the other, and in the Mam e:
and Caufe of the opprcftion, that being with Bitternels,
Rigour, and hard Bondage, and left they ihoutd multiply
and increafe too much. Certain it is, thefe Indians fufTer
great Oppredion from the Spaniards, live in gear Bitter-
nefs, are under hard Bondage, and ferve with great Rigor;
and all this, becaufe they are at leaft a thoufand of them
¿or one Spaniard^ they daily multiply and increafe, in Chil-
dren

;hap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 1 1

ren and Wealth, and therefore are feared left they ihould
¡ too mighty, and either rife up of themfelves, or joyn
lemfelves to any Enemy againft their Opprcifors •, for both
hich Fears and JealouGes, they are not allowed the ule
fany Weapons or Arms, no not their Bows and Arrows
hich their Anceftors formely ufed ; fo that as hereby
íe Spaniards are fecured from any Hurt or Annoyance
om them as an unarmed People h fo may any other Nati-
n that (hall be incouraged to invade that Land, be fecure
Ifofrom the Indians , and confequently the Spaniards own
olicy for themfelves againft the Indians may be their
reateft Ruine and Deftru&ion, being a great People and
et no People > for the Abundance of their Indians would
>e to them as no People i and they themfelves f who
»ut of their few Towns and Cites live but here and
here, too thinly fcattered upon fo great and capacious a
,and ) would be but a Handful for any reafonable Army >
nd of that Handful very few would be found able or fit-
¡ng men =, and thofe able men would do little without the
elpjof Guns and Ordnance y and if their own opprefled
'eople, Black- moors and Indians ( which themfelves have
lways feared ) fhould fide againft them, foon would they
»e fwallowed up both from within and from without,
md by this it may eafily appear how ungrounded they
re, who fay, it is harder to conquer America now then
n Cortez his time, % that there are now both Spaniards
md Indians to fight againft, and then there were none but
>are and naked Indians. This I fay is a falfe Ground >
or then there were Indians trained up in Wars one againft
mother, who knew well to ufe their Bows and Arrows,
md Darts and other Weapons, and were defperate in their
bights and fingle Combats, as may appear out of the Hifto-
;iesof thenv, but now they are cowardifed, opprelied, un-
armed, foon frighted with the noife of a Müfquet,. nay
with a four and grim look of a Spaniard^ fo from them
there is no Fear i neither can there be fr:>m tie Spani-
ards^ who from all the vaft dominions, of .Guatemala
aie not able to raife five thoufand able fighting men, nor
X 4 to

HBI

3 1 % A New Survey Chap. XIX

to defend fo many Paffages as lie open in feveral Part
of that Country, which the wider and greater it is, migh
be advantageous to any Enemy, and while the Spaniard ir
one place might oppofe his ftrength, in many othe
places might his Land be over-run by a forain Nation ^ nai
by their own Slaves the Blackamoors, who doübtlefs to b
fet at liberty would fide againft them in any iuch occali
on \ and laftly, the Criolians who alfo are fore oppref
fed by them, would rejoyce in fuch a day, and yield ra
ther to live with Freedom an$ Liberty under a forain pco
pie, than to be longer oppreffed by thofe of their owr
Blood;

The miferable Condition of the Indians of that Coun-
try is fuch, that though the Kings of Spain have neve
yielded to what fome would have, that they íhould b¡
Slaves, yet their lives are as full of Bitternefs as is the lif<
of a Slave; For which I have known my felf fome of then
that have come home from toiling and moiling witr
Spaniards, after many Blows, fome Wounds, and little oi
no Wages, who have fullenly and fiubbornly lain down
upon their Beds, refolving to die rather then to live an]
longer a Life fo Slaviih, and have refufed to take eithei
Meat or Drink, or any thing elfe comfortable and nouriih
ing, which their Wives have offered to them, that fc
by pining and ftarving they might confume themfelves
Some I have by good perfusions encouraged to Life ra
ther than to a voluntary and wilful Death s others then
have been that would not be perfuaded, but in that wilfu
W&y have died. The Spaniards that live about that Countrj
(efpeeially the Farmers of the Valley of Mixco, Finóla, Pe.
tapa, Amatitlan, and of thofe of the Sacatepsqms ) allege
that all their Trading, and Fanning, is for the good of the
Common-wealth, and therefore whereas there are noi
Spaniards enough for fo ample and large a Country
tfo do all their Work, and all are not able to buy Slave*
and Blackamoors, they ftand in need of the Indians heJf
tofcrvethem for their Pay and Hires whereupon it hath
been eoniider'dsThat a Partition of Indian Labourers be made
"■'■ ever j

to.' XIX. of the Weft^Indies. .ji'j

r Monday, or Sunday in the Afternon to the Stani-
fccording to theFarms they occupy,- « accord.ng o
feveral Employments, calling, and trading with
•s or anv other way. So that for fuch and fuch a D -
fitab A'óffi*. «¡ho is called >* *£g
who according to a Lift made of every Farm Honfc.
Perfon is to give fo many Indians bf <he WeeK.
I "ere Is a Door open'd to the Preftden. of Guatemaia,
wAges to pro'W' wtU for their menial Ser-
t whom the8y commonly appoint for this Office, «hich
uTpXried by them. They name the Town and
Ä meeting uponSunday or .Monday to which
mfelves and the Spaniards of that Diftuä rJ.ort.
TldUns of the feveral Towns are to have in a «*
efs fo many Labourers as the Court of Guaumda
h appointed tobe weekly taken out of fuch a Town
,o are conduced by zn Indian Officer to «he Town of
1£« meeting-, and when they come w,th their Tools,
* Spades, Shovels, Bills, or Axes, w,th iheir provi-
„ of Viftuals for a Week ( which are commonly fome
, Cakes of Maiz, puddings of Frixoles, or Frcmb beans
d a little Chile or biting long Pw«, o. a b of
old meat for the ritft day or two ) and w,th Beds on their
"which is only a coa.fe woollen Mantle to wrap
,oot them when ihey lie on the bare ground J then an.
!ev ihutupin theTown-houfe, fome with Blows, fome
ith Spurnings, fome with Boxes on the ear,- if prtfent-
< they go not in. Now all being gathered together, and
,e houle filled with them, the Jtttz. Repartidor or Officer,
alls by the order of the Lift fuch and fuch a Spaniard,
nd alfo calls out of the houfe fo many Indians as by
he Court are commanded to be given him ( lome are
«owed three, fome four, fome ten, fome fifteen, fome
wenty, according to their Employments, and delive-
-eth to the Spaniard his Indians, and fo to all the reft,
ill they be all fetved , who when they receive the»
Indians, take from them a Tool, or their Mantles,
to fecuie them that they run not away, and tor every

Indian

3 i 5 A New Survey Chap. XI

Indian delivered unto them, they give unto the Juez

partidor or Officer half a Rial, which is three pence an

dim for his Fees, which amounts yearly to him to a ei

deal of Mony ; for fome Officers make a partition or dii

bimon of four hundred, fome of two hundred fome

three hundred Indians every week, and carries home w

him fo many half hundred Rials for one, or half a d

work. If Complaint be made by any Spaniard that fi

and fuch an Indian ran away from him, and fm

him not the Week part, the Indian muft be brought a

furely tied to a port by his hands in the Market place' a

there be whipt upon his bare back. But if the poor J

dtan complain that the Spaniard coufened and cheat

him of his Shovel, Ax, Bill, Mantle or Wages, no Tuft

fhall be executed againft the cheating Spaniard, neitr

fhall the Indian be righted, though it is true the Qrd

runs equally in favour of both Indian and Spani*

Thus are the poor Indians fold for three pence a piece i

a whole weeks Slavery, not permitted to go home at nigh

to their wives, though their Work lie not above a roí

from the Town where they live s nay fome are carrii

xm or twelve n iles from their home, who mult not r

turn ti 1 Saturday night late, and mult that week do wha

ever their Matter pleafed to command them. The W

ges appointed them will fcarc find them Meat and Drini

for the i are not allowed a Rial a day, which is but Cn

pence, and with that they are to find themfelves, but ft

fix days work and diet they are to have fire Rials, whk

is half a Crown. This fame Order is obferved in the Cii

of Guatemala, and Towns of Spaniards, where to ever

Family that wants the Service of an Indian ox Indian,

though it be but to fetch Water and Wood on their back'

or to go of errands, is allowed the like Service from th

neerert Indian Towns. It would grieve a Chrtrtians heai

to lee how by fome cruel Spaniards in that Weeks fervic

thofe poor wretches are wrong'd and abuftd i fome vifi

ting their Wives at home, whilrt their poor Husbands ar

aiding and delving i others whipping them for thei

flov

p. XIX. of the Weft-Indies; 3 14

working others wounding them with their Swords,
-akine their heads for fome reafonable and well groun-
der in their own behalf, others fteahng from then,
tools, otherscheating them of half, others °f «11 ttoc
, alledging that their feivice coft them half a Rial,
y'et their Work not well performed. I ^ew toe
Wde. common practice of this, when their Wheat
fown, and they had little to do for the Indians , yet
would have home as many as were due to that
D and on Monday and Uefday would make them cut
brine themon their backs as much i Wood asthey need-
11 that Week, and then on Wednefday at noon ( know-
the ereat Defire of the Indians to go home to their
-es, for which they would give any thing ) would
to them, What will you give me now, if I let you
lome to do your own Work ? whereto the Indians
M joyfully reply an* anfwer, fome that they would
•a Rial, others two Rials, which they would take and
i them home, and io would have much Work done,
..od to feive their houfea week, and Mony as muchas
aid buy them meat, and Cacao for Chocolate two
eks together, and thus from the poor Indians do thofe
-onfcionable Spaniards pradife a cheap and lafie way
living. Others will fell them away tor that week to
Sieifchboui that hath preient need of Work Demanding
ils aViece for every Indian, which he that buyes them,
H be fure to defray out of their wages. So like wile are
>y in Slaviih Bondage and Readioefs for all Paffengers
d Travellers, who in any Town may demand to the
xt Town as many Indians to go with his Mules, or
carry on their backs a heavy Burthen as he thai! need,
io at the Journeys end will pick fome quarrd with
em and fo fend them back with Blows and Stripes
ithout any Pay at all. A Petaca, or leathern Trunk,
id Che ft of above a hundred weight, they will make
lofe Wretches to carry on their backs a whole day, my
me two or three days together, which they do by tying
le theft en each fide with Ropes, having a broad Leather in

• the

fía

J New Survey Chap.XC

the middle, which they crofs over the forepart of th
Head, or their Forehead, hanging thus the Weig
on their heads and brows, which at their journeys e
hath made the Blood ftick in the foreheads of fome, g
ling and pulling offthe skin, and marking them in the foi
top of their heads, who as the are called tarmmtz,, fo s
eafily known in a Town by their Baldnefs, thit Lcatr
girt having worn off all their hair. With thefe ha
ufages, yet do thofe poor people make ihift to live
mongit the Spaniards, but fo that with anguiih ofhei
they are Hill crying out to God for Juftice, and for Liben
whole only comfort is in their Prietfsand Fryers, who rr,
ny times quiet them when they would rife up in m
tiny, and for their own ends often prevail over the
with fair and cunning perfuafions, to bear and fufTer i
Gods fake, and for the good of the Common-wealth ti
hard Task and Service which is laid on them. And ti
In all Seafons, wet and dry, cold and hot, and all Wa
plain and mountainous , green and dirty, dufty and (tor
they muft perform this hard Service to their commandh
Mailer*, their Apparel and Gloaming is but fuch as m
cover the Nakcdnefs of their Body, nay in fome it is fj
torn Rags as will Dot cover half their Nakednefs. Tht
ordinary Clóathing is a pair of linnen or woollen Drav
ers, broad and open at the knees, without Shooes, ( tt
in their journeys fome put on leathern Sandals to kei
the Soles of their Feet ) or flock ins, without any Doubk
a íhorí coarfe Shirt, which reaches a little below the
Wafte, and ferves more for a Doublet than for a ihii
and for a Cloak a woollen or linen Mantle, ( call ct Aiat
tied with a knot over one moulder, hanging down c
the other fide almoil to the gu*und, with a twelve p
ny or two (hilling Haf, which after one good ihower <
Rain like Paper falls about their necks and eyes •, their Be
they carry fometimes about them, which is that woollc
Mantle wherewith they wrap themfelves about at nigh
taking ofT their Shirt and Drawers, which they lay ur
der their head for a pillow j fome carry with them

(ho

O.XIX. of the Weft-Indies"; jijr

light, and light Mat to He on, but thofe that carry
t with them, if they cannot borrow one ¡of a neigh-
leas willingly in their nw.de on the bare ground,

G «Teman to l*M «*« foft dr,be> '"wT
foundlv fleep, and loudly fnort after a days Work,
,ftcr a days Journey with a hundred weight upon
backs Thofe that are of the better fort, and rich-
"who are not employed as lamm «to carry
hens, or as Labourers to work for Spaniard, but
, at home following «heir own Faro* *, or following
r own Mules about the Country, or following thei
des and callings in their Shops, or governing their
vns, as Alcaldes, or Alguaziles, Officers of Mice,
7% a little better apparell'd, but after the fame
L% For fotne have their Drawers with a Lace at
bo«omo, wrought with fome coloured Silk or Crew-
fo likewife the Mantle about them, (hall have either a
-e or fome work of Birds on it, feme wdl wear a
linen Doublet, others Shooes, but very few Stockins
Bands about their necks', and fo, their Beds, the beft
Uan Governour, or the richeft, who may be worth four
ftve thouiand Ducats, will have l.ttle more than the
or Tammez; for they lie on Boards, or Canes bound
"rtier andraifed from the ground whereon they lay
íoad andhandfom Mat, and at their heads for Man and
fe twolittle flumps of wood for Bolfters whereon they
, their ihirts and Mantles, and other cloaths for Pil-
U covering themfelves with a broader Blanket than is
2 Mantle! and thus hardly would Don S«»ah A
Hzmm the Governour of Peufa he, and fo do all the
■Ü of them. The Womens Attire is cheap and foon put
a, for moftofthemalfogobarefoot the richer and be -
■rfort wear Shooes, with broad Ribbons for Shoo-ftr.ngs
„d foraPeticoat, they tie about their Wafte a woollen
lantle, which in the better fore is wrought with divers
Colours, but not fow'd at all, pleated or gather d «n
,ut as they tie it with a Lift about them ; they wear no ihitt
,ext their body i but coyer their Nakednefs with a kind of

?i8 A New Survey Chap. XO

Surplice ( which they call Guaipil ) which hangs loofefroi
their moulders down a little Below their Wafte, with (
pen ihort fleeves, which cover half their Arms i this Gua
pi is curioufly wrought, efpecially in the Bofom, wit
Cotton or Feathers. The richer fort wear Brace
Jets and Bobs about their Wrifts and Necks \ their Hai
is Gathered up with Fillets, without any Quoif or Cc
vermg except it be the better fort. When they go t
Church or abroad, they put upon their heads a Vail of Li
«en, which hangs almoft to the ground, and this i
that which cofts them moft of all their attire, for tha
commonly is of Holland or fome good Linen brough
*fonJ sPain* or fine Linen brought from China, whicl
the better fort wear with a Lace abouti when they an
at home at work they commonly take of their Guaipil 01
Surplice, difcovering the nakednefs of their Brefts and Bo.
dy. They lie alfo in their beds as do their Husbands
wrapt up only with a Mantle, or with a Blanket. Theii
Houfes are but poor thatch'd Cottages, without any uppa
Rooms, but commonly one or two only Rooms below, ir
one they drefs their Meat in the middle of it, ma-
king a compaís for Fire, with two or three Stones, without
any other Chimney to convey the fmoak away, which
fpreading it fdf about the Room rills the Thatch and
Rafters io with Soot, that all the Room feems to be a
Chimney. The next to if, is not free from Smoak and
Bbcknefs, where fomteimes are four or rive Beds accor-
ding to the Family. The poorer fort have but one Room,
where they eat, drefs their meat and ileep. Few there are
that iet any Locks upon their Doors, for they fear no rob-
bing, neither have they ia their houies much to lofe,
Eajthen Pots, and Pans, and Diihes, and Cups to
drink their Chocolatte, being the chief Commodities in
their Houfe. There is fcare any Houfe which hath not
alfo in the Y ard a Stew, wherein they bath themfelves
with hot Water, which is their chief Phyfiok when they
feel themfelves diftempered. Among themfelves they are
in every Town divided into Tribes, which have one chief

Head4

pi XIX. of the Weft^Indies. ? 1 9

» (o whom all that belong to that Tribe, lefort
ny difficult matters, who is bound to aid pro-
defend, counfel and appear for the reft of his Tribe
re the Officers of jufticc in any Wrong that is like
:done to them. When any is tobe married, the Fa-
of the Son that is to take a wifeout of another Tribe,
to the Head of this Tribe to give him Warning of his
marriage with fuch a Maid. Then that Head
s with the Head of the Maids Tribe, and they
t about it. The Buíineís commonly is in debate aquarter
if a year-, all Which time the Parents of the Youth or
arc with gifts to buy the Maid i they are to beat
hargeofall that is fpent in eating and drinking, when
Heads of the two Tribes meet with the reti ot the
Jred of each fide, who fometimes fit in conference a
,k Day, or moil part of a night. After many Days and
hts thus fpent, and a full Trial made of the one
other fides arTeäion, if they chance difagree about
Marriage, then is the Tribe and Parents of the
id to reftore all that the. other fide hath fpent and gi-
, They give no Portions with their Daughters, but
:n they die, their goods and Land are equally divi-
among their Sons. Uany one want a Houfe to live in,
will repair and thatch his Houfe anew, notice is given
thi Heads of the Tribes, who warn all the Town to
ne to help in the work, and every one is to bring a
idle of Straw, and other Materials, fo that in one day
:h the help of many they finito a Houfe, without any
large more than of Chocolatte, which they ferye in
:at Cups as big as will hold above a pint, not putting in
v coftly materials, as do the Spaniards, but only a little
mifeed, and €hile, or Indian Pepper, or elfe they half
the Cup with Atolle, and pour upon it as much Cho-
latte as will fill the Cup and colour it. In their Diet the
lorer fort are limued many times to a Diih of Frixoles, or
urky btans, black or white ( which are there in ve»
great abundance, and are kept dry all the year ) boil-
i with Chile; and if they can have this, they hold them

ftlves

- !'£ '

¿a© A New Survey Chap. Xi:

felves well fatisfied 5 with thefe Beans, they make alfo Dm
pirns, firft boiling the Bean a little, and then mingling
with a mafs of Maiz, as we mingle Currans in c
Cakes, and foboil again the Frixoles, with the Dumplin
Maiz- mafs, and fo eat it hot, or keep it cold \ but thisai
all whatever elfe they eat, they either eat with green I
ting Chile, or elfe they dip it in Water and Salt, where
is bruiied fome of that Chile. But if their means w
not reach to Frixoles, their ordinary Fare and Dyet
their Tortillas ( fo they call thin round Cakes made of t
dough and mafs of Maiz ) which they eat hot from an cs
then Pan, whereon they are foon bak'd with one tur
ing over the fire i and thefe they eat alone either wi
Chile and Salt, and dipping them in Water and Salt wi
a little bruifed Chile. When their Maiz is green and te
der, they boil fome of thofe whole.Stalks or Clufters, whei
on the Maiz grows with the Leaf about, and fo caftii
a little Salt about it, they eat it. I have often eat
this, and found it as dainty as our young green Peafe, at
very nourifhing, but it much increafes the Blood. Al
of this green and tender Maiz they make a Furmity, boi
ing the Maiz in fome of the Milk which they have firft t
ken out oí it by bruiiing it. The pooreft Indian nev
wants this diet, and is well fatisfied, as long as his Belly
thorowly filled. But the pooreft that live in fuch Tow
where Fleih- meat is fold, will make a hard íhift, but th
when they come from work on Saturday night, they w
buy one half Rial, or a Kh\ worth offreíh Meat to eat (
the Lords day. Some wiif buy a good deal at one
and keep it long by dreffirig it into TaJfajo% which a
bundles of Fleih, rowled up and tied fafti which thi
do, when for Examples fake they have from a leg of Be
flie'd off from the Bone all t^e Fleih with the knite, in d
lenghth, form, and thinnefs of a Line, or rope. Then thi
take the Fleih and fait it, ( which being flie'd chin foe
takes Salt ) and hang it up in their Yards like a line froi
Port to Poft or from Tree to Tree, to the Wind for
Weekj then they hang it in ihe fmoak another Week ar

afte

ap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies; g i i

• rowl it up in fmall Bundles, which become as hard
Stone, and fo as they need it, they waih if, boil it and
t. This is Armrica's powdered Beef, which they call
a]ot whereof I have often eaten, and the Spaniards
much of it, efpecially thofe that trade about the Coun-
with Mules, nay this Tatfajo is a great commodity,
hath made many a Spaniard rich, who carry a Mulé
wo loaden with thefe Tajfajo's in fmall Parcels and Bun-
,to thofe Towns where is no Flefli at all fold, and there
f exchange them for other Commodities among the In-
i/, receiving peradventure for one Tajfajo or Bundle,
hich coft them but half a Farthing) as much Ca-
ts in other places they fell for a Rial or Sixpence,
e richer fort of people fare better, for if there be Fifls
Fleihtobehad, they will have it, and eat moft greedily
t, and will not fpare their Fowls and Turkeys from their
n Bellies. Thefe alfo now and then get a wild Deer,
oting it with their Bows and Arrows. And when they
re kill'd it, they let it lie in the Wood in fome Hole or
ttom cover'd with Leaves for about a Week, till
ftink and begin to be full of Worms i then they bring
iaome, cut it out into Joints, and parboil it with a herb
>ich groweth there fomewhat like unto our Tanzy, which
:y fay fweetens it again, and makes the Fleih eat ten-
r, and as white as a piece of Turkey. Thus parboil'd,
;y hang up the Joints in the Smoak for a while, aod then
il it again, when they eat it, which is commonly dref-
l with red Indian Pepper, and this is the Venifon of
mrica^ whereof I have fometimes eaten, and found it
bite and ihorr, but never durft be loo bold with it,
.t that I found any evil Tatte in it, but that the appre-
nfion of the Worms and Maggots which formerly
,d been in it, troubled much my ftomach. Thefe In-
ns that have little to do at home, and are not em-
oyed in the weekly Service under the Spaniards, in
Kir hunting will look íerioufly for Hedge-hogs which
e juft like ento ours, though certainly ours ar£
Y not

I $i A New Survey Chap.XC

not Meat for any Chriftian, They are full of Pricks ar
Brinks like outs, and are round in Woods and Fields, 1
ving in holes, and as they fay feed upon nothing but /
mits and their eggs, and upon dry rotten Sticks, i Herb
and Roots j ofthefe they eat much, the Fleíh being as whi
and fweet as a Rabbit, and as hr as a January Hen, kej
up and fatted in a Coop. Of this meat I have alfoeatei
and confefs it is a dainty Diih there, though I will not h
the fame of a Hedge-hog here ; for what here may be po]
fon, there may be good and lawful Meat, by fome ace
dental difference in the Creature itfelf, and in' that whic
it feeds upon, or in the temper of the Air and Climat
This meat not only the Indians but the beft of the sA
niardj feed on \ and it is fo much eikemed of, that b
caufe in Lent they are commonly found, the Seaman
will nor be deprivecTof it, but eat it alfo then, alled$
Ing that it is no Fleíh ( though in eating it be in fatnei
and in tañe, and in all like Flefh ) for that it feeds n(
upon any thing that is very ncuriíhíng, but chiefly upo
Amits eggs, and dry flicks. It is a great point of cor
froveifie amongft their Divines, fome hold it lawful, c
thcrs unlawful for that time •, it feems the pricks an
brinies of the Indian Hedge- hog prick their Confcienci
with a fooliih fcruple. Another kind of Meat they fee
much on, which is called Iguana =, of thefe fome are foun
In the Waters, others on the Land. They are longer tha
a Rabbit, and like a Scorpion, with fome green, iom
black Scales on their backs. Thofe on the Land will ru
very faft like lizards, and will climb Trees like Squii
rels, and breed in Roots of trees or in Stone- Walls, Th
fight of them is enough to fri&ht one i and yet whe
they are dreffd and ftew'd in Broth with a little fpia
they make a dainty Broth, and eat alfo as white as
Rabbit, nay the middle Bone is made juft like the Bad
bone of a Rabbit. They are dangerous meat, if not through
ly boiled, and they had almoíl coit me my Life for eatin
too much of them, not being ftew'd enough. There ai
many Water and Land- Tor toifes, which the Indians fin<

ap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 1 5

for themfelves, and alio reliih exceeding well to
Spaniards Palate. As for drinking, the -IndiM %t-
illy are much given to it •, and drink, it they have
iingelfe,of their poor and (imple Chocolate, vvithout
aror many compounds, or of Atolle, till their Bellies
•eady toburtf. But if they can get any Drink that will
iethem mid-drunk, they will not give it over as long
1 drop is left , or a peny remains in their purfe to
chafe it. Amongit themfelves they ufe to make fuch
nks as are in operación far ftronger than Wine i and
fe they confesión in fuch greaT Jars as come from
in* wherein they put fome little Jjuantity of Water,
1 fill up the Jar wish fome MeSaiioV^ Ju]oe ^ the
;ar-Cane, or fome Hony to fweeten it i then for the
ngthningof it, they put roots and leaves of Tobacco,
:h other kind of Roots which grow there, and they
DWto be ihong in operation, nay in fome places S have
Dwn where they have put in a live Toad, and fo clofed
the Jar for a fortnight, ora months fpace, till all that
:y have put in him, be throughly iteep'd and the Toad
ifum'd, and the Drink well itrenghm'd, then they Q-

I it, and call their Friends to the drinking of it, ( which
nmonly they do in the Night-time, kit their Prkft in
: Town ihould have 'notice of them in the Day J
lich they never leave off, till they be mad and ra-
ng drunk. This Diink they call Chicha, which (link?
b¡ft filthily, and ceriainly is the caufe of many Indians
eath, fpecially where they ufe the Toads poyfon
ith it. Once Í was informed living in Mixco, of a great
eeting appointed in an Indians houfe . and I took
ith me the Officers of Jufiice of the Town, to fearclx
at Indians houfe, where 1 found four Jars of Chicha not
:t qpen'd, I caufed them to be taken out, and broken in
le itreet before his door, and the filthy ■Chicha to be pou-,
d out, which left fuch a flunking Scent in my nottriis, that
ith the fmell of it, or apprehenfion of its Loatbfomneís, t

II to Vomiting* ind continued lick almoft a whole Week

itsf*

* *

Now

!' (i .

324 rA New Survey Chap. XI3

Now the Spaniards knowing this inclination of the Ind
ahs to Drunkennefs, do herein much abufe and wror
them i though true it is there is a ftriót Order, even
the forfeiting of the Wine of any one who (hall prefume 1
fell Wine in a Town of Indians^ with a Mony-Muld b
lides. Yet for all this the bafer and poorer fort of Span
ards for their Lucre and gain contemning Authority, w
go from Guatemala, to the Towns of Indians abou
and carry fuch Wine to fell and inebriate the Natives 1
may be very advantageous to themfelves i for one Tí
of Wine, they will make two at leaft, confe&ioning
with ilony and Water, and other ftrong Drugs which a
cheap, and flrongly operative on the poor and wes
Indians heads, and this they will fell for currant S¿
vijh wine, with fuch Pint and Quart-mtafures, as n,
ver were allow'd by Juftice Order, but by themfelv
invented. With fuch Wine they foon intoxicate tl
poor Indians, and when they have made them drunk, the
they will cheat them more, making them pay double f<
their Quart meafure ; and when they fee they can drir
no more, thin they will caufe them to lie down and flee
and in the mean while pick their Pockets. This is
common Sin among thole Spaniards of Guatemala, an
much practis'd in the City on the Indians, when' the
come thither to buy or fell. Thofe that keep the Bod
gones (fo are cal I'd the houfes that fell Wine, which ai
do better than a Chandlers (hop, for beiides Wine the
fell Candles Fifh, Salt, Cheefe and Bacon) will common!
intice the Indians, and make them drunk, and then pic
their Pockets, and turn them out of doors with Blow
and Stripes, if they will not fairly depart. There was i
Guatemala in my time one of thefe Bodegoners, or iho[
keepers of Wine and fmall Ware, nam'd JuanRamos,wh
by thus cheating and tipling poor Indians fas it was gi
nerally reported) was worth 20000 duckats, and i
my time gave with a Daughter that was marrie<
8ooo Duckats No Indian ihould pafs by his door
tut he would call him in, and play upon him 2

aforefai

tap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. j i j

refaid. In my time a Spanijh F"m"; a Neighbour of
e in he Valley of &m chanced to fend to , G«««-
his Indian fervants with half, dozen «to Wen with
he t toa Merchant, with whom he had agreed before
the price, and ordered the «tony to be fent to htm
hi Serva'nt fwhom he had kept fix years^ and ever
m him trufty) the Wheat being del »*««£«•
>nv receiv'd (which mounted to ten pound fixteen
liLsfevery Mule earring fixBulhels, at twelve Rials
Bulh 1, as was then the price) the ^™%£&*
ite of his walking along the ftreets to buy fome (troll
>mmodm«, paíTed by John R,ws h» (hop or iWrg *
ro enticing him and his mate in foot jtnpt up their
els with a little confeaion'd Wine for that pmpoCe,and
ok away all his mony from the minified Mtyrf
a. them out of his houfe ; who thus drunk ^bemg for d
ride home, the Indian that had receiv d the W?J
ym his Mule, and broke his neck-, the other got home
ithoiit his Mate or Mony. The Farmer profecuted
* Ramos in the Court for his mony, but Rano, being
:h and abler to bribe, than the Farmer, got off very
ell, and fo had done formerly in almoft the like cafes,
•hefe are but Peccadillo's among thok Spaniards, to make
runk, Frob, and occafion the poor Indians Dea.h; whole
teath with them is no more regarded nor vindicated,
ran the death of a Sheep or Bull, ck that falls into a pit.
.ndthus having fpoken of Apparel, Houfes, Eating and
)rinking, it remains that 1 fay fomewhat of their Civili.y,
nd Religion of thofe who lw'd under the Government ot
he Spaniards. From the Spaniards they have borrow d
heir Civil Government, and in all Town, they have one
ir two Alcaldes, with more or left Regidores, (who are as
>ur Aldermen or Jurates ) and fome Aiguilles, more
I lc(s, who are as Confiables, to execute the orders
>f the Alcalde ( who is a Mayor ) with his Brethren. In
fowns of ;oo or 400 Families, or upwards, there are com-
nonly two Alcaldes, fix Regidores., two Amaines Mayors,
md fix under or peity Alguaiiles. And fome Towns arc pi 1-
Y 3 vileged

I

jaó J New Survey Chap, XIJ

vileged with an Indian Governour, who is above the AI
caldcs, and all the reft of the Officers. Thefe are chan
ged every year by new Election, and are chofen by thi
/^«/themfelves, who take their turns by the Tribes o
Kindreds, whereby they are divided. Their Offices beeir
on New years day, and after that their Ele&ion i$ car
ryed to the City o£ Guatemala f if in that Difíriér it be <
or to the heads of JuiKcfc, or Spam/b Gov ttnouxs oí th
feverai Provinces, who confirm the new Election, andtak<
account of the la ft years Expences made by the other Off]
¿ers, who carry with them their Town-bock of Accounts
and therefore for this purpofe every Town hath a Clerk oi
Scrivener, called Efcrivano, who commonly continue-
many years in his Office, by reafon of the Paucity and
Unfiinefs of Indian Scriveners, who are not able tc
bear fuch a charge. This Clerk hath many Fees for his
Writings and informations, and Accounts, as have tht Spa-
niards, though not fo much Mony or Bribes, but a fmal!
matter according to (he Poverty of the Indians. The Go-
vernour isalfp commonly continued many years, being fome
chief man among the Indians, except for his Mifdemean-
ours he be ¿omplain'd of, or the Indians in general do all
ftomach him.

Thus they being fetled in a Civil way of Government,
they may execute Juftice on all fuch Indians of-theii
Town as do notorioufly and fcandaloufly offend. They
may imprifon, fine, whip, and baniih, but hang and quar-
ter they may not, but mult remit fuch Cafes to the Spanijh
Governour. So likewiie if a Spaniard paffing by the
Town, or living in it, do trouble the Peace, and rnifde-
mean himfelf, they mav lay hold on him, and fend him
to the next Spanifh. Ju/Iice, with a full Information of his
offence, but fine him or keep him above one night in pri-
fon they may not. This Order they have againft Span*
ards, but they dare not execute it, for a whole, town
fands m awe of one Spaniard, and though he never To
hamoofly offend, and be unruly, with Oaths, Threatnings,
and drawing his Sword, he makes them quake and

tremble

, **

lap.XIX. of the Weft-Indies; %%7

ruble and notprefume to touch him i for they know
me/do they ihall have the worft, either by Blows,
b "feme Misinformation, he will give again* them
,d this hath been very often tried, for where Indians
ie bv virtue of their Order indeavoured to curb an unru-

SpLrdin their Town, fome ofthem have been woun-
d, others beaten, and when they have carried the :SM*-
i before a Spanijh JuMce and Governour, h hathplead-

for whathehath done, faying it was in his own De-
nce,or for his King and Sovereign, and that th I«k-
s would have kill'd him, and began to mutiny agamí*
e Stan® Authority and Government denying
, ferve him with what he needed for his Way and
Durnyi thaUhey would not be Slaves to give him or a-
fslmbf* any Attendance-, and that they would make
n end of him, and of all the Spaniard* With thefe and
,chlikefalfe and lying Mif informations, the unruly hpr
was have often been believ'd, and too much upheld m
leir rude and uncivil mifdemcanours, and the Indians
itterly curb'd and puniihd, and anfaer made them in
ichcafcs, that if they had been Kill'd ^r their Mutiny
nd Rebellion againft the King, and his beft Subject, they
.adbeen ferv'd well enoughs and that if they gave not
attendance to the Zpamarck that paiTd by their Town,
heirHoufesOiouldbe fir'd , and they and their Children
itterly confum'd. With fuch like Anfwers from the J u-
Hces and credency to what any bafe Spaniard ihall inform
igainft them, the poor Indians^ are fain to put up all
wrongs, not daring to meddle With any Spaniard, he
le never fo unruly i by virtue of that Order which they
have againft them. Among thcmfclves, if any Complaint
be made againft any Indian, they dare not meddle with
him till they call all his Kindred, and efpecially the Head
of that Tribe to which he belongs-, who it he and the
reft together, find him to deferve Imprifonment, or Whip-
ping, or any other Puniihment, then the Officers of Ju-
nice, the Alcaldes or Maior^nd their Brethem the Jü-
mes inflict upon him that Puniihment which ail ihall

Y 4 agreg

328 ¿ New Survey Chap .XI]

Zv?POn# ^ yetafter Jud^ment >"d Sentenced*
they have another which is their lait Appeal, if they plea
and than» to their Prieft and Fryer, who' lives "in h
Town, by whom they will fometimes be judg'd,and u
dergowhat Puniihment he fall think Left. To"

S^ ir£fDe Í7 °fien rcfort in Poi«" of Jufti
think iog the Prieft knows more of Law and Eoui,

than themfelves: who fometimes reveries what Tudgme
hath been given in the Town-houfe, blaming the Office
for their Partiality and Paffion agtinft their poorBrothi
and fating free the Party judg'd by them \ which t;
5 nu u oftent,mes>lf fach an Indian do belong
the Church or to the Service of their Houfe, or have
W other Relation to them, perad venture for their Wiv

Í™ l\ T< i" Ihey affea 0r imP,07 in wafting,,
making their Chocolate. Such, and their Husbands m;
live lawlefe as long as the Prieft is in Town. And
when the Prieft is abfent, they call them to Trial for ar
Mifdemeanor, and whip, fine, or imprifon, ( which i
cahon they will fometimes pick out on purpofe ) when tí
Prieft returns, they Ml be fure to hear ¿if it, and fma
for it, yea, and the Officers themfelves peradventure I
whlpt m the Church, by the Priefts order and appoim
ment j againft whom they dare not ipeak, but willing!
accept what Stripes and Puniihment he Jays on then
judging his Wifdom, Sentence, and puniihing Hand, th
Wildom, Sentence and Hind of God -, whom as they hav
been taught to be over all Princes, Judges, worldly Offi
eers fo likewiie they believe, ( and have been fo taught
that his Piiefts and Miniftcrs are above theirs, and all world
ly Power and Authority. If hapned to me living ii
the Town of Mima, tint an Indian being judg'd t(
be whipt for fome Diforders, which he committed
would not yield to the Sentence, but appeal'd to me, fay-
ing he would have hi, ftripes in the Church, and by my or
der, tor to he fa id his whipping would do him good, a;
coming from the hand of God. ' When he was broughi
p Wj I could not reverie the Indians Judgment, foi

il

iap.XIX. •/ the WeíWndies. 329

vas iuft, and fo caus'd him to be whipt which he
kvery patiently and merrily, and after kifsdmy hand.
1 ftave me an Offering of mony for the good he faid I
lgdone his Soul, Bendcs this Civility of Juftice a»
ngft them, they live as in other Civil and Pol tick
I well-governed Common wealths > for in moft of their
wns, there arc fome that profefs fuch Trades as are
Mm among Spaniard* There are among them
liths, Taylors, Carpenters, Mafons, Shoemakers, and the
e It was my fortune to fet upon a hard and difficult
LÍdinE in a Church of Mto, where I defir d to make
very broad and capacious Vault over the Chappel,
lich was the harder to be finiiht in a round Circumie-
ice, becaufe it depended on a Triangle h yet for this
ork I fought none but Indians, Come of the Town fome
3m other places, who made it fo compleat that thebeft
id skilfulleft workmen among the Spaniards had enough
i wonder at. So are moft of their Churches vaulted on
ie top, and all by Indians ■, they only m my time built
new Cloiftet in the Town of Amatitlan, which they h-
m with many Arches of Stone both in the lower Walks
nd in the upper Galleries, with as much Perfection as the
eft Cloifter oí Guatemala, had before been built by the
Spaniard Were they more incouragtd by the Spaniards,
nd taught better Principles both for Soul and Body,
hey would among themfelves make a very good Com-
non- wealth. For painting they are much mclin'd to it,
nd moft Pictures, and Altars of the Country Towns
ire their Workmanihip. In moft of their Towns they have
i School, where they are taught to read, to ling, and
ome to Write. To the Church there belong according
is the Town is in bignefs, fo many Singers, and Trumpe-
ters, and Waits, over whom the Prielt has one Officer,
who is called Fifcal i he goes with a white Staff with
a little Silver Crofs on the top to reprtfent the Church, and
ihew that he is the Prieils Clerk and Officer. When any
Cafe is brought to be examin'd by the Piieft," this'Fifcal
or Clerk executes Juftice "by the Pikfts oider. He muft be

• one

3 ? o A New Survey Chap. XI

one that can read and write, and is commonly the h

fter of Muhck. He is bound on the Lords day a

Saints days, to gather to the Church before and af

Service all the Youths and Maids, and to teach tht

the Prayers Sacraments, Commandments, and other poh

of Cafechifm, allow'd by the Church of Rome. In t

morning he and other Mufkuns at the found of the B

are to come to rhe^Ghurch to ling and officiate'

Mais, which m many Towns they perform with Orga

and other Muilcal inftrurncnts, ( as has been obfervM fc

lore) as well as Spaniards. So likewife at evening

five a clock they are again to refort to Church, wh

the Bell calis to prayers, which they call Completa

or Completory, with Salve Regina, a Prayer to the Vi

gin Mary. This Fifcal is a great man in the Tow

and bears more (way than the Maiors, Jurates, and oth

Officers of Juftice, and when the Prieit is pleafed, giv

attendance to him, goes about his crrants, appoints fu(

as are to wait on him when he rides out of Town. Boi

he and all that belong to the Church, are exempt froi

the^ common weekly Service of the Spaniards, and froi

giving attendance to Travellers, and from other Of!

cers of Juítíce. But they are to attend with their Wait

Trumpets and Muficlc, on any great man or Prieft th;

comes to their Town, and to make Arches with Boug!

and Flowers in the Streets for their Entertainment. Befidi

thefe, thofe alio- that belong to the Service of the Prief

houfe, are privileged from the Spaniards Service. No<

the Prieit has Change of Servants by the Week, wh

¿ake their turns fo, that they may have a Week or tw

to do their own Work, if it be a great Town, he hi

three Cooks allow'd him, ( if a fmall Town, but two

men Cooks who change their turns, except he have any oc

cafion of Fcafting, then they all come. So likewife h

has two or three more ("whom they call Chabal ) as But

lers, who keep whatfoever Provifion is in the houfe unde

Lock and key i and give the Cook what the Prieft ap

points to be drefs'd ' for. his dinner or flipper ■■> thei

i^ee|

Lp.XIX. ©/ tfc Weft-Indies ■' 35 1

the Table-Cloths, Napkins, Diihes, and Trenchers,
lay the Cloth, and take away, and wait at Table-,
ias befides three or four, and in great Towns half
jzen Boys to do his «rants, wait at Table, and
! in the houfc all the Week by turns, who with ,
Cooks and Butlen dine and fop conftantly in the
to houfc, and at his charge. He hath alio at Dinner
Lper- times the attendance of fome old Women (woo
take their turns) to overfee half a dozen young Maids,
, next the Prieft's houfe meet to make him and
family lortiUas or Cakes of Maiz, which the Boys
,R hot to the Table by half a dozen at a time. Befides
I Servants, if he have a Garden, he is allowed two or
>e Gardners i and for his Stable, at leaft half a dozen
U, who morning and evening are to ^ Mwfe
! (as they call itj or Herb and grafs for his Mules
1 Horfes, thefe diet not in the houfc i but the groom ot

"Stable, who comes at Morning, Noon and Evening,
nd therefore are three or four to change ) or at any time
it the Prieft will ride out •, thefe I lay and the Gardners
vhen they work) dine and fup at the Priefts charges,
wf fometimes in great Towns has above a dozen

feed and provide for. There are betides belonging

the Church privilegd from the weekly attendance on
■ Spaniards, two or three Indians, called Sacriftatns, who
iVecare of the Vcftry and Copes, and Altar Cloths, and
xiy day make ready the Altar or Altars for Mafti alio

every Company or Sodality of the Saints, or Yu-
ri there are two or three, whom they call Major-
Ws, who gather about the Town, Alms for main-
ining of the Sodality, thefe alio gather Eggs about
leTown for the Prieft every week, and give him an ac~
iunt of their gatherings, and allow him every month, or
Htnight, two Crowns for a Mafs to be lung to the

If there be any Fiihing- Place near the Town, then the
>rieft alio is allowed for to feek him Fiih three or four ¿ and
n iome places half a dozen Indians, befide the Offerings

r - ' • - in

pt A New Survey Cháp. XI]

in the Church, and many other Offerings which they brii
Whcnfocvcr they come to fpeak to the Prieft, or coi
teis with him, or for a Saints FeaQ to be celebrate
■ndbefide their Tithes of every thing, there is a montl
Jy Maintenance in mony allowed to the Prieft, ar
brought to him by the Alcaldes, or Mayors, and Júrate
which he fetshis hand to in a book of the Towns Ei
pences. This Maintenance ( though ft be allow'd by tí
Spanijh Magiftrate, and paid in the Kings Name for tr
preaching of the Gofpel J yet it comes out of the poor h
duns Purfes and Labour, and is either gather'd about th
Town, or taken out of the tribute paid to the Kim
or from a common Plat of Ground which with th
help of all is fow'd and gather'd in, and fold for tha
purpofe. All the Towns in America, which are civihY,
and under the Spanijh Government, belong either to th
Crown, or to fome Lords, whom they call Enco
mendero's, and pay a yearly Tribute to them. Thof
that are tenants to thdr Lords or Encomendero'* ( wh<
commonly are fuch as defcend from the tirft conquerers
pay yet to the King fome fmall Tribute in Mony, befid<
what they pay in other kind of commodities unto theii
own Encomendero, and in mony alfo. There is no Towr
fo poor, where cwry married Indian doth not pay al
leart four Rials a year, for Tribute fo the King, befidi
other four Rials to his Lord or Encomendero. And il
the Town pay only to the King, they pay at leaft fix, and
in fome places eight Rials by Statute, befide what other
commodities are common to the Town or Country where
they live, as Maiz, ( that is paid in all Towns J Hony,
Turkeys, Fowls, Salt, Cacao, Mantles of Cotton-wool •
and the like commodities they pay who are fubjeel to an
Encomendero.\But fuch pay only Mony, not Commodi-
ties to the King. Tne Mantles of Tribute are much e-
iteemed of, for they are choifc ones, and of a bigger file
than others, fo likewife is the Tribute Cacao, Achi-
ctt% and Cachinil \ for the belt is fet apart for the
Tribute h and if the Indians bring what is Dot prime

good

ip.XIX. of the Weft-Indies] J}|

t they (hall furely be laih'd and fent back for better.
H ad of thefeveral Tribes have care to gather it and
kliver it to the Alcaldes and Regidores, Mayors and
7« who carry it either to the Kings Exchequer m/thc

, or to the W«M* W? (lf fi y^gil

Ring) or to the Lord, or Encomendero of the
¡£ In nothing I ever perceived the Sfmdarisw^
1 ar,d indukent to the Indian,, but in this, that it
IndUnhi Tnn weak, poor, and Gckly, and not able

work or%o years of age, he is freed from
J* any Tribute." There be alfo iome Towns pri-
$ from this Tributes which ate thofc which can
\% themfelves to have descended from Mff
m certain Tribes or Families cf or about Mexico, who
3d 1 the firft Bernards in the conqueft of that Country.

for their Carriage and Behaviour, the Z«<W are very
«teous and loving, of a timerous nature, and wil-
^toferveand to obey, and todo good, if they bedrawn

Lovei but where they are too much tyrannized over, they
e dogged, unwilling topleafe, or to work h and will
Líe rather Strangling and Death than Life. They are
>rv trufty, and never were known to commit any Robbe-
> of importance-, fo that the Spaniards dare truiKto
,ide with them in a Wrtdemefs all night, though they
ave Baas of gold about them. So for Secrecy they are
erv clofe i and will not reveal any thing againft their own
[atives, ora Spaniards Credit and _ Reputation, if they be
nv way arTeded to him. But above all to their Pneft
hey are very refpedful •, »«»d when they come
aipe* to him, put on their beft clothes, ftudy
heir Complements and Words to pleafe : him. .They
re very abundant in their Expreffions, and full of Circum-
ocutions adorn'd with Paiables and Simile's to exprefs
heir Mind and Intention. I have often fat ftiU
in hour, only hearing fome old women make their
Speeches to me, wWh fo many Elegancies in their
Tongue ( which in Englijh would be Nonfeofe or barba-
rous Expreflion* ) as would make me wonder, and learn

J?4 A New Survey Chap. XIJ

by their Speeches more of their Language, than by any
.her Endeavour or fiudy of mine own. And if I could 1 ,

&.M ,hrinjhe'ike Phrafosnd Expreffionsf which
woud often endeavour ) 1 (hould be fure to win h<
hearts, and get any thing from them. As for their Re'
gion they are outwardly fuch as the Spaniard,, but ¡
ward y hard to helievc what is above Senfe, Nature a
the vifible Sight of the Eye-, and many of them to h sd
incline ,o worfliip Idols of Stocks and" Stones^d a re t
ventomuchSuperflition, and to obferve «ofsWav an
meeting ofBeaftsin them, the flying of Birds, thdrlppea
ing and finging near their houfesat fuch añd fuch ííme
Many are given to Witchcraft, and are deluded b th D,
vil to believe that their life depends on OM Life of fué
"¡* *■**'•??/:*** ^ take to them as thei f
mflar Spint) and think when that bead dies they mu
die i . when he ,s chafed, iheir hearts pant, when b
is faint they are fain( ; nay it happens that by the De
vilsdelufion they appear in thefliapeof that Beaft, (whic
commoifly by their .choleéis a Buck, or Doe, a Lion, o
Iigre, Dog, or Eagle j and in that Shape have been (ho
at and wounded as I (hall (hew in the Chapter following
And for this reafoo fas 1 came to underftand by fome o
hem J they yield to the Popift. Religion, efpecially t,
the worllnpmg of Saints images, becaufe they look up
•on them as much like their Forefathers Idols i anc
fecondly, becaufe they fee fome of them painted wit(
1 f.s,™"™»w'ri>aLion, ^w^withan Afs,anc
other wl,d beafis, Doming with a Dog, Bias with aHog
M^wKfea Bull, and J„bn with an Ea¡le, they are more
conhrmedm then Delulions, and think verily ihofe Saints
were of their Opinion, and that thofe Beafts were their fa-
miliar Spirits m whoie rtiape they alfo were transform'd
whin they lived, and with whom they died. All Indians
are much aflecled to thefe Popilh Saints, but efpecially
thofe whicn are given to Witchcraft, and out of the ^malí-
neis of their means they will be fure to buy fome of thefs
bamts and bring ta to the Church, that there they

may

ap. XIX. of the Wcfelndics . j 5 %

ftand and be worihipt by them and others. The
tiches are/fuli o^them, ana they are plac'd upon
ids gilddih-orpainted, to be carried in Proceffion
mens Shoulders, on their proper Day. And hence
íes no Utile profit to the Pricfis > for on fuch
its days, the owner of the Saint makes a great
ft in the Town, and prefents the Prieft (orne-
es two or three, fometimes four or five crowns for
Mafs and Sermon, befides a Turky and three or fouf
Ais, with as much Cacao as will ferve to make him Cho-
lle for all the whole Oäave or eight days following.-.
that in fome Churches, where there are at leaft forty
thefe Saints Statues and Images, they bring the Prieft
leaft forty pounds a year. The Prieft therefore is very
tchful over thofe Saints days, and fends warning be-
e-hand to the Indians of the day of their Saint, that
.y^rtay-provide themfelves for the better celebrating
both at home and in the Church. If they contri-
te not bountifully, then the Prieft will chide, and
reaten that he will not preach, Some Indians through
iverty have been unwilling to contribute any thing at

or to folemnize in the Church and at his Houfe his
ints day, but then the Prieft hath threatned to can his
ints Image out of the Church, faying that the Church
ight not to be filled with fuch Saints as are unprofitable
, Soul and Body, and that in fuch a Statues room one
ay ftand, which may do more good by occafioning afo-
mn Celebration oí one Day mWin the year. So Hkc-
ife if the Indian that own'd one of thofe Images die and
ave Children, they are to take care of that Saint as part
f their Inheritance, and to provide that his Day be kept;
at if no Son or heirs be left, then the Prieft calk for
íe Heads of the fever ai Tiibes, and for the chief Offi-
ces of Juftice, and makes a Speech to them, wherein
e declares that part of .the Church» ground is taken up
'i vain by fuch an Image, and his Stand, without any
lofit cither to the Prieft, the Church, or the Town, no
leiror Owner being kit alive to provide for that Orphan-
Saint

3 j 6 A New Survey Chap. XI}

Saint, to own it ; and that in caie they will not fetk 01
who may take charge of him, and of his day, the Prit
will not fuffer him to ftand idle in his Church, like tho
whom our Saviour in the Gofpel rebuked, Quid hie (iat
tota die otiofi ? for that they flood idle in the Market ail tl
day ( thefe very exprelTions have I heard from fori
Friers ; and therefore that he muft banifh fuch a Saints P
érure out of the Church, and muft deliver him up befoi
them into the Juftices hands to be kept by them in tr
Town-houfe, till fuch time as he may be bought and ovi
ned,by fome good Chriftian. The Indians when they hes
thefe Expreffions, begin to fear, left fome Judgment ma
bifal their Town for fuffering a Saint to be excommun:
cated and caft out of their Church, and therefore prefer
the Prieft fome offering for his Prayers to the Saini
that he may do them no harm, and defire him to limi
them a time to bring an Anfwer for the difpofing c
that Saint (thinking it will prove a Difparagement am
Affront to their Town, if what once hath belong'd t<
the Church, b¿ now out, and delivered up to the Sécula
PoweO and that in the meantime, they will find ou
fome good Chriftian, of the neereft Friends and Kindre<
to him or them who firft own'd the Saint, or elfe fom
Stranger, who miy buy that Saint oí the 'Prieft fi
he continue in the Church ) or of the Secular Power ( if h<
be caft out of the Church and deliver'd up to them
which they are unwilling to yield to, having been taugh
of Judgments in fuch cafe like to befal them ) and maj
by fome fpeedy Feaft and Solemnity appeafe the Saints An
ger towards them, for having been fo flighted by th<
Town. Alas poor Indians* what will they not be brought
to by thofe Fiyers and Priefts, who ftudy nothing bui
their own ends, and to enrich themfelves from the Church
and Altar ! their Policies ( who are the wife and pru-
dent Children of this World fpoken of in the Gofpel j
can eafily overtop and mafter the Simplicity of the pooi
Indians i who rather than they will bring an Affront
upon their Town, by furTenng .thtif Saints to be caft out ol

shcis

:h¿p. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. ||f

icir Church, or to be with mony redeem'd out of the Se-
,lar Powers hands, will make haft to prefent him an
wner of that orphan-Saint, who tor him (hall give
e Prieft only what he may be prii'd to be worth in a
unters Shop for the workmanOiip, Gold and Colours
¡longing to him; but befides (hall prefent him what he-
re has been obferv'd, for the folemnizing of his * eaft.
hefeFeafts bring yet to the Saints mote-piofrt than i hi-
(ertohas been fpoken of v for the Indians have been
ueht that on fuch days they ought to offer fome*
hat to the Saints ; and therefore they prepare either
ony (Tome a Rial, fome two, fome mosej or elfe corn-
only about Guatemala white Wax-candles, and mother
aces ¿acao, or Fruits, which they lay before the Image
: the Saint, whilft Mafs is celebrating. Some Indians
ling a bundle of Candles of a dozen tied together, oj
ials apiece iome, or fome three or four for a Rial, and
ill, if let alone, light them all together and burn
Sem out, fo that the Prieft at the end of the Mafs
ill find nothing but the Ends. Therefore (knowing
'ell the wa\s of Policy and Covetoufnefs ) he charges
ic Church Officers , whom I faid before were cail'd
dayordomoX to look to the Offerings, and not fuffer the
tdianswho bring Candles, to light more than one before
te Saint, and to leave the other before him unlightcd (ha^
ing formerly taught them, that the Saints are as well plea-
:d with their whole Candles as with their burnt Candles )
lat fo he may have t he mote to fell and make mony of. Af-
ir Mafs the Prieft and the Mayoiéemos take and fweep a-
ray from the Saint whatfoever they find hath been ofler'd
ira \ fo that fometimes in a great Town on fuch a
aints day the Prieft may have in mony twelve or
wenty Rials, and fifty or a hundred Candles^ which
lay be worth twenty or thirty Shillings, befides fome %ñá?
nd Pieces* Moft of the Fryers about Guatemala are with
tiefe Offerings as well iWd with Candles, as *5 any
¡Vax>chandlers ihop in the City* And the fam£ Can*
.les which thus they receive by Offerings, they

% need

3} 8 'A $tm Survey Chap. XIX

titea not care to fell away to Spaniards^ who come a-
feOut to buy them ( though fome will rather fell them toge-
ther to fuch, though cheaper, that their mony may come
in all at once ) for the Indians themfelves when they want
again any Candles for the like Feaft, or for a Chriftening.
and for a Womans Churching ( at which times they alie
offer Candles ) will buy their own again of the Piieft, whe
fometimes receives the fame Candies and Mony for then
again five or fix times. And becaufe they find the In-
diano incline much to this kind of Offerings, and thai
they are fo profitable to them, the Fryers much pred
upon the Indians in their Preaching this Point of theii
Religion,and Devotion. But if you demand of thefe igno<
rant but zealous Offerers^ the Indians^ an account o:
any |3oint of Faith, they give you little or none. Thi
ft/fyftcry of the Irinity, and of the Incarnation of Chrift
and our Redemption by him is too hard for them i the}
will only aniwer what they have been taught in a Catechifn
of Queftions and Anfwers s but if you ask them if they be
lieve fuch a point of Chsiftianity, they will never anfwe
affirmatively, but only thus, Perhaps it may be fo. The}
are taught there the Doctrine of Romet that Chrifts bod;
is truly and really prefent in the Sacrament, and ni
Bread in Subftance, but only the Accidents » if the wifel
Indian be ask'd, whether he believe this, he will anfwei
Perhaps it may be fo. Once an old Woman, who wa
held to be very religious, in the Town of Afaa, cam
fo me about receiving the Sacrament, and whilft I wa
inftru&ing her, I asked her if ihe believ'd that Chrifl
Body was in the Sacrament, (he anfwer'd, Peradventure i
may be fo, A little while after to tyy her and get her ou
of this (train and common anfwer, I askt her what afl
who was in the Sacrament which íhe receiv'd from th
Priefts hand at the Altar, íhe aniwer'd nothing for a whili
and at laft I prefs'd her for an affirmative Anfwer
and then (be began to look, about to the Saints in th
Church, ( which was abdicated to St. Dominic^ .
and, as it feem'd, being troubl'd and doubtful wha

tc

iap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. } % 9

fay, at till (he call her eyes upon the high Altar: .but
eeiñe (he delay'd the time, askt her again, who was in

S frament ? ^towh.ch (he reply'd, St. D«*«* who
.. the Patron of that Church and Town. At this I (m-
, audwou'dyet father try her Simplicity with a fimpe
,'eftion. ItoldherihefawSt-D^waspamtedwith
bog fay him holding a Torch in his mouth.and the Globe

the World ,.t his fan I askt her, whether all tb.
;re with KfcMMcCin the Sacrament? To which ^ihe
(wer'4, perhaps it might be fo •, wherewith I began to
ide and inft.ua Irer. But my IntouÉtaonv no rail
t Teachings Preaching o rhofe Stf* t*W
, well grounded them in Principles of faith , th ^
,11 and heavy to believe or apprehend of God, or ot Hea
n, more than with Senfe or reafon they can conceive,
et they go and run that way they fee the Spaniards run,
,d as the, are taught by «heir Idolatrous P^Wno
,ve taught them much Formality, and fo they are fas
it Formalins formerly in England j very formal tat i.tde
hftantUlin Religion. They have been taught tha when
.eycometo Confeffion, they muft ttfer fomewhat to ; the
m and that by their gifts and Alms, their Sins (had be
loneV fagiven,y.his ¿y do fc .formally obferve, that
•henfoevcr they come to Confenion, eipeeially in Lent
one of them dares to come with empty hands, lome
ringMony, fomeHony, lome Eggs, *«*«$*?*
(h fome Cacao, fome one thing lome another, lo that the
« ft has a plentiful haiveft in Lent for his nK>^
ng their Confeffions. They have been taught that alio
,hen they receive the Commumor ,, they mutt furely ve-
, one ¿««leaf, a Rial to the Pr.eft, i^ E»gUnd
¿as neve, taught in Amma <o buy the Sac.amen : with
, two-pence offmng.and yet this Cuftorr , Is too much pra-
äifed and prelWupon the people ) which they perfora
B, that I have known fome poor Ind,*™, wno have lor
, Week or two forborn coming to the Communion
till they could get a Rial Offering. It is to be wood ed
What thePiiefts get from thole poor Wietcws by -Con-

'Vi

34° J New Survey Chap. XIX

feffion and Communion Rials in great Towns, wher
they deny the Sacrament to none that will receive it
( and in iome Towns I have known a thoufand Com
municants ) and force all above twelve and thirteen year
of age to come to Confeffion in the Lent. They are ve
iy formal alfo in obferving Romes Maunday-Thurfday
and Good-Friday, and then they make their Monuments anc
Sepulchers, wherein they fet their Sacrament, and watch i
all day and night, placing before it a Crucitix on m
ground, with two bafinson each fide to hold the fingle o:
doubje Rials, which every one mult offer when he come
creeping on his knees , and bare-footed to kiis Chrift:
hands, feet, and fide. The Candles which for that daj
and night and next morning are burn'd at the Sepulchr<
are bought with another Contribution-Rial, which is ga-
ther'd from houfe to houfe from every Indian for that pur-
pófe. Their Religion is a dear and lick-penny Religion
for fuch poor Indians ', and yet are carried along in
it formally and perceive it not. They are taught thai
they muft remember the Souls in Purgatory, and therefore
that they muft caft their Alms into a Cheft, which ftands
for that purpofe in their Churches, whereof the Priefl
keeps the key, and opens it when he wants Mony, 01
when he pleafes. I have often open'd fome of thofe Chefts.
and have found in them many fingle Rials, fome halt
Pieces of E'ght, and fome whole pieces of Eight,
And becaufe what is found in the high- ways, muft be-
Song to fome body, if the true Owner be not known ¡
they have been taught that iuch Monies or goods be-
long alfo to the Souls departed i wherefore ths Indians ( fure-
Jy more for Fear or Vanities fake that they may be well
thought on by the Frieft ) if they find any thing loft will
foeftow it on the Souls furer than the Spaniards themfelves
(who if they iind a Purfe loft will keep it, ) and will
bring it either to the Pricft or caft it into the Cheft. An
Indian of Mixcohad found a Patacón or Piece of Eighf in
a High-way, and when he came to Confeffion, he gave
It me» telling me he durft not keep if, left the Souls

(hould

bap. XIX. *f the Weft-Indies. 341

,uld appear to him, and demand it So utan the fe-
,d day of November which they call Ml-Souls-d^ they
extraordinary foolifo and fuperftitious .in offering Mo-
* Fowls, Eggs and Maiz, and other Commodities for
fsouls ¿«xfbut it proves for the Profit of the Pmft
,0 after Mafs wipes away to his Chamber all that
lich the poor gull'd and deluded Indians had offer d
thofe fouls, which needed neither Mony, Food, nor
y other provtfon, and he fills his Purfe, and pampers
i Belly with it. A Fryer that HyM in FMfi*. boafted
me once that on their All-Souls-^, his Offerings had
en about a hundred Rials, two hundred Chickens and
,wk half a dozen Turkeys, eight buíhels oí Maíz .three
mdredeggs, tour Sontles oft Cacao ( every Senile being
at hundred Grains) twenty Gluftersof Planting above
hundred Wax-Candles, befide lome Loaves of Bread,
,d other Trifles of Fruits. All which fummed up ac-
>rding to the price of things there, and with conduc-
tion of the Coin there (half a Rial, °r three pence
«ins there the leaft Coin ) mounts to above Eight Pounds
\ our Mony, a fair and goodly Stipend for a Mafs,
>ave Wages for half an hours Work ; a politick ground
t that Error of Purgatory, tf the dead bring the li-
itig Preft fuch Wealth in one day only. Qbrifma^
ay with the reft of thofe holy-days is no lefs fuperftm-r
ufly obferv5d by thefe hiims \ for againft that time
ley frame and fet in fome corner of their Church a little
latch'd Houfe like a Stall, which they call Bethlehem,
ritha blazing Star over it, pointing to the three Sage
len from the Eai^ •, within this Stall they lay m a
irib, a Child made of Wood, painted and gilded ( who
eprefents Chrift new born Jby him üands Mary on one
¡dc, and J&jft on the other", and an Afs ItkeWife
»n one fide and an Ox on the other, made by hands,
rhe thiee wife men of the Eaft kneel before the Crib
>ffeiing Gold, Frankincenfe and Myrrh, the Shepherds
land aloof offering their Country-gifts, fomc a riid,
ornea Umb, fome Milk, fome Cheefe and Curds, fome

% l FlWlM,

5 4* ^ ^ ft^© Chap XIX

Fruits, the fields are alio there reprefented with Flocks c
Sheep and Goats i the Angels they hang about the nail (bro
with Viols, fome with Lutes, fome with Harps, a goodl
mumming and filent Stage-play, to draw rhofe (imple Sou
to look about, and to delight their Senfes and Fantafies i
the Church,

There is not an Indian that comes to fee that fuppoíé
"Bethlehem, ( and there is not any in the Town but corru
to fee it J who brings not Mony or fomewhat elf
for his Offering. Nay the Policy of the Prietfs ris
been fuch, that ( to ftir up the Indians with the:
Saints Example ) they have taught them to bring thei
Saints en all the holy-days,till Twelfth-day in Proceffio
so this Bethlehem to offer their Gifts, according to th
number of the Saints that ftand in the Church, fome da}
iheieccme five, fome days eight, fome days ten, dividin
them into fuch order, that by Twelfth-day all may hav
come and offcr'd, fome Mony, fome one thing, fome anc
thcri The Owner of the Saint, comes before the Sair
with his Friends and Kindred ( if there be no Sodality o
Company belonging to that Saint J and being well appa
relied for that purpofe, he bows himfelf and kneels to th
Crib, and then riiing takes from the Saint what he bring;
and leaves it there, and fo departs. But if there be
Sodality belonging to the Saint, then the Mayordomo"
orchid Officers of that Company come before the Saim
and do homage, and offer as before has been faid. Bi
on twelfth- cay the Alcaldes, Majors, Jurates and othe
Officers nit» ft offer after the Example of the Saints, an
the iliTce wife men of the Eaft ( whom the Church c
Home teaches to have been Kings J becaufe they reprtfer
the Kings Power and Authority. And aU thefe days the
have about the Town and in the Church a dance of Shep
'herds, who at Chriitmas -Eve at midnight begin before thi
gxthkherri, and then they mu ft offer a Sheep among then
Qihersdarice cloth'd like Angels and with Wings, and a
to draw the people more to fee Sights in the Church, thai
tip wotfhip God in Spirit and in Truth. , Candlemas-da

:hao. XIX. o/ the Weft-Indies. }4J

xaufe.thty «e Wtf «J- al g^J^ thcm, and
> whom the ^"'"^L^'the/ate hallow'd

ÍSddur'.he poo peopk for their ends,, enrich^

lie, i and thus doth the Indians Religion eonhlt rote in
Shts, Shews and Formalities, than m . me Subft n £
Rut as fweet meat mud have four Souce i fo this bweeme is

Somnefs, they make the hdhm whip themielves «1««™*
hire Eafter like the M* *W* *"£ r
both Men and Women, perform with foch C J

own Bern, that they butcher it, mangle and tear '»«',
& fome fwound.nay fome ( as I W*™£g £
under their own whipping, and *avef» therd the*
felves, which the Piielis regard not, be. caufe f h eutUea tn
i fure' to bring them a. kail .hue i*W ^ *
Mafs for their Souls, and other Offe.inLs ot then

friepd'. Z 4 Thus

344 ANewSurtey Chap XIX.

. ,.T,h1s. in, Re«g;on «hey are fuperftitioufly led on and
Minded m the Observance of what ,hey haveVn Tausht
mote fot the Good and Profit oftheit Priefts than fo,
anyGoodoftheirSouls not perceiving that rh 1 Rehgioñ
is a Pohcy to .nrich, heir Teachers. °But not only doth"
tryers and Pnefis live by them and eat the fweat of their
brows ; but alio all the Spaniard,, who not only with „
Wo,k and Service (bemgthemfelves given to id'lenefs j
grow wealthy and rich; but with needlefs offices and
Authonty are fiill fleecing them, and takbg' fmm

ánd^verií: ^" ""* ^ "'* much HaÄ
ThePrefidentofGȒcm^ the Judges of that Chance-
ry, the Governours and High Juflices of other parts of the
Country, that they may advance and inrich their m nial
Servants, make the poor Ind.am the Subjetr of their
bounty towards fuch. Some have Offices to'vifit as oft n
as they pleafe their Towns, and fee what every Indian
hathfowed of Ma,Z for the maintenance of his Wife and
Children ; Others vtfit what Fowls they keep for the good
and flore of the Country; others have order to fee
whether their Houfes be decently kept and their Beds or-
derly placd according to their Families ; others have
power to call them out to repair the Highways, and
others have Commiffion to number the Famil e and
Inhabitants of the feveral Towns, to fee how the»
mcreafe that their Tribute may not decreafe, but ftill
be ratfed And all this thofe Officers never perform
but lo, that for their pains they muff have from every
Indian an Allowance to bear their Charges, ( which indeed
are none at alK) lor as long as they flay in the Town, they
call for woat t owls and provifion they pleafe withoul pay-'
ang for it When they come to number the Towns, they
call by L.ft every Indian and caufe his Children, Sons and
Daughters to be brought before them, to fee if they be
Jit to be martid ; and if they be of growth and Age
and be not married, the Fathers are threatned for keep-
ing thtro, unmarried, and as idle live without paying

Tribute >

p¿ XIX. ©/ the Weftislndies J 3 4$

ute*, and according to the number of the Sons and
inters that are marriageable, the Fathers Tribute
lis'd and increas-d, till they provide Husbands and
es for their Sons and Daughters, who as foon as they are
ied are charg'd with Tribute-, which that it may in-
e they fuffer none above fifteen years of age to
unmarried. Nay the fet Age of Marriage appointed
the Indian, is fourteen years for the Man and
teen for the Woman, alledging that they are fooner

for the fruit of Wedlock, and fooner ripe in Know-
e and Malice, and Strength for Work and Service,
1 any other People. Nay fometimes they force ttem
narry who are fcarce twelve or thirteen years of age,
ley find them well limb'd, and firong, explicating
'oint of one of Romes Canons, which allows four-
land fifteen years, nifi malitia fuppleat ¿tatem. When
ny felf liv'd in Finóla, that Town by order of
t Juan de Guzman, ( a great Gentleman of Gm-
atty to whom it belong'd ) was numbred, and an
reafe of tributary Indians was added to it by this
ans. The numbring it lafted a full Week, and in that
ice was commanded to joyn in Marriage near twenty
iple, which, with thofe that before had been married
ce the laft numbring of it, made up to the Emominde-
or Lord of it an increafe of about fifty Families. But it
is a Shame to fee how young fome were that at that
ne werefore'd to Marriage, nor could all my (hiving and
Zoning prevail to the contrary, nor the producing

the Regifter to (hew their Age, but that fome were
arried between twelve and thirteen years of age, and
le efpecially, who in the Regifter was found to be not
lfy of twelve years, whofe Knowledge and Strength of
)dy was jug'd to fupply the want of Age. Thus even
1 the moft free a& oí the Will, ( which ought to be
1 marriage ) are thofe poof Indians fore'd and made Slaves
y the Spaniard^ to fupply with Tribute the want of their
'urfes, and the meannefs of their Eftates. Yet under
us Yoke and Burden they arc checrfuV and much

given

lii

H6 4 New Survey, Chap. XI

given to feañing, fporring and dancing, as they parti

lariyikw in the chief Fcafts of their Towns/kept

that Saints Day to whom their Town is dedicated. A

certainly this SüperÜition hath continued alfo in E

land from the Popifh time?, to keep Fairs in many

our Towns upon Saints days ( which is the intent of i

Papiits to draw in the people and Country by way

Commerce and Trading one with another, to honour, w<

Hup, and pray to that Saint to whom the Town is dedi<

ted ) or elfe why are our Fairs commonly kept upon Ji

Baptifl James, Peter, Matthew, Bartholomew, Holy Roi

Lady days, and the like, and not as well a day or two b

fore or a day or two after, which would be is good ai

fit days to buy and fell, as the other ? True it is, our R

formation allows not the worfhipping of Saints, y

that folemn Meeting of people to Fairs and Mirth,' ar

Sport on thofe days it hath kept and continued, that

the Saints and their Days may continue fiill in our remen

brance. There is no Town in the India's great or fms

(though it be but of twenty Families) which is n<

dedicated thus to our Lady or fome Saint, and tí

remembrance of that Saint is continud in the minds m

only of them thai live in the Town, but of all that lit

far and near by commercing, trading, fporting and dar

cing, offering to the Saint, and bowing, kneeling, an

praying before him. Before this day comes, the h

dims of the Town two or. three months have their meet

ings at night, and prepare themfelvcs for fuch dances a

are commonly ufed among them- i and in thefe thei

meetings they drink much Chccolatte and Chicha. Fo

every kind oí Dance they have feveral Houfcs appointed

and MUlieis or that dance, who teach the reft,- .that the

may be peifed in it againil the Saints day. For th

moil part of thefe two or three months the íilence o

the night is unqujeted, with their finging, with theii

hollowing, with their beating upon the {hells o

íiíks, with their Waits, and" with, their Piping. And

when the feaft comes, then they ad pubiickly (c\

the

lap: XIX. tf the Wcfetadics; 347

fpace of eight days, what privately they had pradi-
before. They are that day well apparelled with
ks fine Linen, Ribbons, and Feathers, according to
» Dance i which firft they begin in the Church be-
fe the Saint, or in the Churchward, and thence all
e Otoe, or eight days, they go from houfc to houie
ncine where they have Chocholate or lome heady
ink or Chicha given them. All thole eight days the
own is fure to be full oí Drunkards i and if they be repre-
nded for it i they anfwer, that their heart doth re-
,yce with their Saint in Heaven, and that they muís
rink to him, that he may remember them. The
lief Dance ufed amongft them is called Joncouttn,
rhidi had been dane'd before the King of Spam, in
tie -Court oí Madrid by Spaniards, who have lived in
tie India's to (hew the King fomewhat of the Indians ta-
hions i and it was reported to have pleafed the King ve-
y much. This Dance is thus perform'd. The Indians
:ommonly that dance it ( if it be a great Town; are thirty
p forty, or fewer if it be a fmall Town. They are
•lothed in white, both their Doublets, linen Drapers,
ind Aiates, or Towels, which on the one fide bang al-
moft to the ground. Their Drawers xand Atates are
wrought with fomc works of Silk, or with Birds, or bor~
der'd with fome Lace. Others procure Doublets and
Drawers and Atates of Silk, hir'd for that purpofc On
their Backs they hang long Tuffs of Feathers of all
colours, which with glew are faGned into a little trame
made for the purpofe, and gilded on the outlide i mis
Frame with Ribbands they tie about their -Shoulders talc
that it fall not, nor ilacken with the motion of their
bodies. On their Heads they wear another lets- Tuñ
of Feathers either in their Hats, or in fome gilded or
painted Head-piece, or Hdmet. In their Hands they
carry a Fan of Feathers, and on their Feet moft ule
Feathers bound together] like fbort Wings of Birds i
fome wear '(hoes, lome not. And thus i rom top to toe
the y afe'aimoft cover'd with curious coloui'd Feathers.
3 ■ Theis

?48 A Rem Survey Chap. XI J

Their Mufick and Tune to this dance is only what is mac
with a hollow Stock of a Tree, rounded, and well pate
within and without, very fmooth ana (hining,fome foi
times thicker than our Viols, with two or three Ion
cldtson i the upper fide and fome holes at the end whic
they call Tepanabaz. On this Stock ( which is plac'
on a Stool or form in the middle of the Indians) Ú
Waiter or the Dance beats with two (ticks, cover'd wit
Wool at the ends, and a pitcht Leather over the Woe
that it fall not away. With this inftrument blowm
on it ( which founds but dull and heavy, but fome
what loud ) he gives the Dancers their ieveral Tunes, am
Changes, and Signs of the motion of their Bodies eithe
ítraight or bowing,- and gives them warning what an<
when they are to fing. Thus they Dance in Cornpafs anc
Circle round about that Inftrumenr, one following ano
ther fometjmes ftraight, fomctimes turning about, fome'
times turning hair way, fometimes bending their bodie
and with the Feathers in their Hands almoft touching th<
ground, and finging the Life of that their Saint, or of fome
other. All this Dancing is but a kind of walking round,
which they will continue two or three whole hours toge-
ther in one Place, and from thence go and perform the fame
at another Houfe.

This Toncmin the chief and principal only of the
Town dance, it was the old Dance which they ufed
before they knew Chriftianity, except that then, inftead
of imging the Saints Live?, they fang the Praifcs oí
their heathen Gods, They have another Dance much
ufed which is a kind of hunting out fome wild Beait
(which formerly in time of Heathen ifm was to be facriri-
ced to their Gods) to be ofFer'd to the Saint. This
Dance hath much variety of Tunes, with a fmall Tepana-
faz, and many (hells of Tortoife, or inftead of them with
Pots covered with Leather, on which they ftrike as on
Tepanabaz, and with the found of Pipes > in this Dance
they ufe much hollowing and noife and calling one
to another, and fpcaking by way of Stage-play, fome

relating

o/ fk Weft-Indies; 34?

iap. XIX.

fin^ one thine, fome another concerning the Beaft
L,T ¿r\Sthefe Dancers are cloth'd like Beafts,
hpamted Skins of üons, Tigers Wolves and on Aeir
A* Headpieces as W^^KÄ
L and on others wear painted Heads of Eagles or
vis of Rapine, and in their hands they have pam-
Staves Bills Swords and Axes wherewith they
cat no m that Beaft they hunt after. Others ,n-
idof hunting after a Beaft, hunt after a Manato
a Wildernefsihould hunt a Man to kill him. Thsto
it is thus hunted after muft be very nimble and agU, as
e flying for his Life, and (hiking here and there at the

ft/ fafhi. defence, whom at laft they catch and make
> eyof. As the T0«c^i«confiftsmoft of walking and
n Landleafurely bending their bodies, to this Dance

h wholly confift in Action, runningin aCircleround^
betimes out oí the Circle, ^ Wing and ftrikingwuh
ofe Tools and Inftruments which they have in their hand.
his is a very rude Sport and full of fcrieching and hideous
>ife, wherein I never delighted. Another Mexican dance
eyufe, fome cloth'd like Men, others like Women, which

Heatheniih times they did ufe with fmgrng Praifcs to
ieir King or Emperor i but now they apply their fongs
) the Kina of Glory, or to the Sacrament, uirng tnele
j commonly the like Words with very little Difference, and
>me variety of Piaife ,

Salid Mexicanas , bailad foncontin.
Caafalus gaUnas w cuerpo genii. And again.
Salid Mexicanas bailad íoncontin .
Al Key de la gloria tenemos aquí.

Thus they go round dancing, playing in fome places very
veil on their Guitars, repeating now and then altogether
1 Verfe or two, and calling the Mexican Dame? to come out
o them with their' gallant Mantles to fing pwifc to their
Sing of Glory. Befides fhefe they have, and ufe our Morr'*-
lanccs. and Blackmoor dances^ with Sonajas in their ¡hands,

which

I

¿41

3 5 o J New Survey Chap. XI3

which are a round fetoffmall Morris-dancing bells, when
with ihey make variety of founds to their nimble feet. Bi
ihe Dance which doth draw to it the peoples wondering,
a Tragedy aded by way of Dance, as the death of St. Peu
m the Beheadingibff ohn the Baptifi- In thefe Dances thei
K an Emperor, or a King Herod with their Queei
cloth d, another cloth'd with a long loofe Coat who r<
prefents St. Peter, or John the Baptifi, who while th
reft dance, walks among them with a book in h
hand, as if he were faying his prayers, all the reft <
the Dancers are apparell'd like Captains and Soldiers, wit
Swords, , Daggers or Halbards in their hands. They danc
at the iound of a fmall Drum and Pipes, fometimes rounc
iometimes in length forward, and have and ufe man
Speeches to the Emperor or King, and among them
ielves concerning the apprehending and executing th
Saint. The King and Queen fit fometimes down to hea
their pleading againft the Saint, and his pleading fa
himfelf, and fometimes they dance with the reft i and thi
end of their Dance is to crucifie S. Peter downwards mti
his bead on a Crofs, or behead John the Baptifi, having
in readinefs a painted Head in a Diih, wich they prefen
to the King and Queen, for joy whereof they all agair
dance merrily and fo conclude, taking down him thai
aded Peter from the Crofs. The Indians that dance this
Dance moil of them are fuperfiitious for what they do.
jtdging as if it were indeed really aded and performed
what only is by way of Dance reprefentéd. When I li-
ved among them, it was an ordinary thing for him
who in the Dance was to ad St. Peter or John the
Baptifi, to come firft to Confeifion, faying they muft be
holy and pure like that Saint whom they reprefent, and
muft prepare themfelves to die. So like wife he that a-
«äed Herod or Herodias, and fome of the Soldiers that in
ihe Dance were to fpeak and to aecuíe the Saints, would
afterwards come to confefs of that Sin3 and defire abfo-
!uuont as from Bíood-guiítinefs.

CHAP.

l?

.XX. o/ ík Weft-Indies; 35

CHAP. XX.

, Departure out of Guatemala to learn the
the Poconchi Language and to livea^
mong the Indians, and of fome farm-
lar fajfages and Accidents wbtlft 1 hved
there.

IAvingread in the Univerfity of Guatemala for three
vearsfpacea whole courfe of Arts, and having begun
read part of Divinity, the more I ftudied and grew m
lowledge, and the more I controverted by way or Ar-
gents fome Truths and points of Religion the ¡more I
und the Spirit of Truth inlightning me, and difcovering
.eLies, Errors, Falfities and Superftitions of the Church
F Kane. My Confcience was much perplexed and wave-
ng, and I defirous of fome good and full feis-
iftion : which I knew might not be had there ', and
Mt to profefs and continue in any opinion contrary to
be Doärine of Rome, would bring me to the fnquiiition,
hat Rack of tender Confciences, and from thence to no
efs then burning alive, in cafe I would not recant ot
vhat the true Spirit had infph'd into me. The point ot
rranfubftantiation, of Purgatory of the Popes power
rod Authority, of the Mérito» mans Works, of his Free Wtfl
to chufe all foul-faving ways, the Sacrihce of the Mais, the
hallowing the Sacrament of the Lords Supper to the Lay-
people, the Priefts power to abfolve from iio, the Wci>
(hipping of Saints though with JM«,as they call it, and
not with hWU&i the Virgin Mary with a higher degree
of worihip than that of the Saints, which they ca!U*# JW,

25* J New Survey Chap.:

the ftrangc Lies and Blafphemies which they call Mm

recorded in the Legend and Lives of their Saints, the i

Iibility of the Pope and Council, in defining for Truth

pomtofFaith,whatin itfelf is falfeand erroneous,!

Points efpecially, with many more of Romes Policies

the leud Lives of the Priefts, Fryers, Nun?, and thoi

Authority, did much trouble and perplex my Confcie

which Í knew would be better fatisfic'd if I could rei

again to my -own Country ©f England ; where I ki

many things were held contrary to the Church of R

but what particulars they were, I could not tell, not

vingbeen brought up in the Proteftafit Church, and

ving been fent young over to St. Omen. Wherefore I <

neftly addrefs'd my felf to the Provincial;, and to the I

*ident oí Guatemala, for a Licence to come home, but r

ther/ófthem would y kid unto it, becaufe there was a fti

order of the King and Council, that no Prieft fent by

Majefty to any of the parts of the India's to preach Í

Gofpel, mould return again to Spain till ten years were <

pired. Hereupon I feeing .my ft If a Prifoner, and withe

hopes for the prefent of feeing England in many years,

folved to (lay no more in Guatemala, but to go out to lea

lomt Indian tongue, and to preach in fome of their Towi

where I knew more mony might be got to help me horr

when the time ihould come, than if I did continue to li

in the Cioifter of Guatemala. Yet in the mean time

thought it not unfit to write to Spain to a friend of mit

an Engltfh Fryer in Sun Lttcar, called Fryer Pablo de Lo

dresy to defire him to obtain for me a Licenfe from the Com

and from the General of the Order at Rome that I migl

return to my Country. In this feafon there was i

Guatemala^ Fryer Francifco de Morany the Prior oí Coba

in the Province oí Vera Paz, who was informing the Pn

fident and whole Chancery, how ncceiTary it was th;

fome Spaniards fhould be aiding and aflifting him for tli

difrovery of away from that Country to Jucatan, and fc

the fuppreifing of fuch barbarous people and Heathen*

as Üop'd his paííage, and often invaded fome India

Towr

lap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. } 5 j

vns of Chriftians. This Moran ( being my (fecial
id, and having been brought up in Spain ' in the
iftcr of San Pablo deValladolid^httt my felf was firft
r'd Fryer ) vvas very defirous of my company along
¡i him, for the better bringing unto Ghiifiianity thofe
ithens and ldolafcis, telling me thai doubtlcfs" fo
cw Country, new Trtafure and great Riches was

to be found, whereof no imall (hare and proper-
j ihouid befal him and me for our pains and ad-
eme I w¿s not hard to be perfwaded, being a-
•e all defirous to convert to Chriüiamty a people
t had never heard of, Ghrift \ and fo purpofed to
rake (hat honour which I had in the Univerfity,

to make Ghrift known unto that Heathenifa peo-
, The Provincial was ftlad .to fee this my courage,
lib with fome gifts and mony in my purfe. lent me
h Mora* tb the Vera Paz in the comply of yo ty<*--
^/,who were appointed- by the Prelident to aid and

When ' we came to Cohan we were well refrdhed
1 provided for a bard and dangerous enterprue
yta Coban we marched "to two great Towns ■ ot
iriftians calkd Saint Peier and Saint Job», where
ye added unto us a hundred Indians for our tur-
ir affiltance. From thefe Towns two days journey
• could travel on Mules fafely among Chntti-
s and fome frmll villages,, but after the two days
■ drew near unto the Heathens Frontiers where
•re was no more open way for Mules, but we
ift truft unto our feet. We went up and down
ountains amongft Woods tor the fpace^ of t*«
ys, being much difcouraged with the Tnicfcets and
rdnefs'of the way, and having no hope of find-
g out the Heathens, in the n#t we kept ?wa ch
d ¿uard for fear .of enemies, and refolvcd yet the
irddayto go forward. In the mountains we found
any forts of Fiuicstódín the bottoms fyi logs and brooks;

354

A New Survey Chap.XS

with many trees of Cacao and Achiotte. The third day w
went on, and came to a low Valley, inthemidft wherec
fan a (hallow river, where we found fome Milpa* s ant
plantations of Maiz. "Thefe were a teftimony unto us c
fome Indians not far off, and therefore made us keep to
getherandbe in rcadinefs, if any affault or onfet flioul
be made upon us by the Heathens. Whilft we thus tra
▼elled on, we fuddenly fell, upon half a dozen poor cotts
ges, covered with boughs and plantain leaves, and in ther
we found three Indian women, two men and five youn
children, all naked , who fain would have efcaped, bi
tiiey could not; We refreihed our felves in their poc
cottages, and gave them of our provifion, which at fir
they refufed to eat, howling, and crying, and puling, ti
Moran had better incouraged and comforted them, who!
language they partly underftood. We clothed them an
took them along with us, hoping to make them difcov<
unto us fome treafure or fome bigger plantation. But th¡
day they were fo fullenthatwe could get nothing out <
them. Thus we went on, following iome tracks whk
here and there we found of Indians, till it was almoíl j
vening, and then we did light upon above a dozen coif;
ges more, and in them a matter of twenty men, womei
and children, from whom we took fome bows and a
rows, and found there (lore of plantains, fome fiih, ar
wild Venifon, wherewith we refreihed our felves. The
told us of a greaf Town two days journey off, which ma(
us be very watchful that night Here I began with fon
more of our company to be tick and weary, fo that tl
next day I was not able to go any further j whereupon v
refolved to fet up our quarters there, and to fend out fon
icouts oí Indians and Spaniards to difcover the Countr
who found further more Cottages and plantations of Mai
of Chije, of Turkey beans, and Cotton-wooli, but no Int
ans at all, for they were all fled. Our Scouts returne
and gave us fome incouragement for the pleafantnefs
the Country i but withal wifhed us to be watchful ai

iap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. |j j

Mi for that certainly the flight of thofe Indians was a
i that our coming was noifed about the Country. The
:t day we purpofed. to move forward to that plantati-
whichourfcoutshad diicovered, being (as we were in-
cned ) fafer, and more open to forefeeany danger rea-
to befall us. All thefe plantations lay along by the
er where the fun was exceeding hot, which had cau-
fevers, and a flux in fome of us. With much wean-
sandfaintnefs I got that day to our journeys end, be--
nine now to repent me of what I was mgaged in, and
foot; and fearing fome fudden danger, by reafon our
ningwas now known by the Indians. The Pnfoners
had with us began to tell us of fome gold that they
[fometimesfind in that river, and of a great lake yet
ward, about which did inhabit many thoufand Indians,
10 were very warlike and skilful in their bows and ar.
vs The one incouraged fome, the other much difcou-
red the reft, who wiíhed themielves out of thofe woods
I unknown places, and began to murmur agamft Moran
to had been the caufe of their ingagement in that great
oger Ourniglit watch wasfet^nd I and the reft of the fick
aliará, went to reft, fome upon the bare «round, but
rielf and others in Hamacca's, which are of net-work,
dattwopofts or trees, and hanging in the air, which
th theleaft ftirring of the body, rock one a fleep a. m
Cradle. Thus I took my reft till about midnight ,at
ikh time our watches gave an alarm againft our approach-
enemies, who were thought to be about a thoufand,
Kv came defperately towards us, and when they faw hey
Jdifcovered,andourdrumsbeat up and TJT^I
xesand Mufquets began to ihoot, they hollowed and
edoutwitha hideous noife which uproar and fudden
rightment, added fweat and fear to my Fever But
,rJ«Cwhocametoconfefswuhme, and to prepare to-
ffor death or for fome deadly wound) comf orted me
iihing me to fear nothing, and to lie ftill, lor the» I
ulddothemnogoodandthatlefswasmy danger then
A a 2

■

3 5 6 A New Survey Chap. X2

I apprehended, becaufe our Soldiers had compaífed r
about, fo that on no fide the Heathens could come i
and flic we could not without the lofs of all our live
The skirmiih lafted not above an hour, and then o
enemies began to flie back, We took ten of them, ai
in the morning found thirteen dead upon the. grour
&nd of ours five only were wounded, whereof one dy
the next day.

In the morning our Soldiers began to mutiny and
talk of returning back, fearing a worfe and more viole
onfet that day or the night following, for fome of t
Indians' who were taken, told them plainly that if th
went not away there would come fix or feven thoufai
againft them: They told us further, that they knew w
that the Spaniards had all the Country about^ exce
that little portion of theirs, which they dtined to enj
quietly and peaceable, and not to meddle with us, but i
therifwe would fee their Country, and go through it
friends» they would let us without doing us any hur
but if we came in a warlike manner to fight and to bri
them into flavery, as we had, done their neighbours, tr
were all refolved to die fighting rather then to yield. W
thefe words our Soldiers were divided, fome with Mm
were of opinion to try the Indians, and to go peacea'
through their Country till they could come to fome To'
of Jucatan \ others were of opinion to fight, others to
turn back again, confidering their weaknefs againft
many thoufands of Indians as were in the Country. I
that day nothing was agreed upon, for that we could i
fíir by reafon of the tick and wounded. So we contini
there that night, and as the night before, much about
fame time, the enemies came again upon us, but rinding
ready and watching for them, they foon fled. In
morning we refolved to return back, and Moran fent
Heathens word* that if they would let him go thrai
their Country quieviy to difcover fome land of Jneai
he would after a few months come peaceably unto th
with half a dozen Indkm% and no more, truftlng his lift
' thi

-1

lap.XX. of the Weft-Indies. 357

m i whom he knew if they wronged, all the Spaniard'
he Country would rife up againft them, and not leave
■alive They anfwcred that they would entertain him
I any few Indiana and willingly s all which Moran
I they performed according their agreement the next

rhus°wTieturned that day back the fame way that we
I come, and I began to find my felf better and my fea-
to leave me. We carried with us Tome of thofe young
ldren which we had taken, to prefent them unto the 1 re-
ent oiGuatmaU. And in Cohan the Pnor Motan tnought
might firft do God good fervice if he chuftened ihofe
^children, faying, that they might become Saints, and
it afterwards their prayers might pr «Ü wjth^ for
s converfion of their parents and of all that Country
Chriftianity. I could not but opp&fe this his ignorance,
lichfeemed much like unto that of-tbe Fryers wno en-
d America with Corte^ and increafed after the con-
eft daily more in number, who boafted to the Lmpe-
ar, that they had tome of them made above thirty
ouiand Indians Chriftians by baptizing them i which
ily they did asihecpare forced to the waters and dn-
nto be waihedi fo were thofe firft Indians by ■ thou-
nds fprinkkd ( or if I may ufe their word, baptized ) for
ey were driven by compuliion and force to the «vers
ither were they firft principled in any grounds oí belie*
,d Chriftianity, neither themfcSves believers, nor children
believing and faithful parents. So would Moran chu-
rn thefe children, though 1 told him that they ought
it to partake of that Sacrament and O* dmance ot Qhntt,
ilcft they were grounded in Artices or Chriftianity and
Sieved, or were children of belong parents; But as
e had been brought up in errors, whereof that Church
[Rome isa wide and fpatious neft, fo he would.be ob-
inate in this point againft me and the truth, fprinkling
rith water thofe children, and naming them with names
f Chriftians, After this he fent them well apparelled
jthePrcfidcnt of QuaHmal a, who commanded them tobe
ñ a 3 ^eP:

3f8

rAKm Survey Chap. XJ

&ept, and brought up in the Cloiiler of the Dominic
Fryers.

I remained after this for a while in Cohan, and In t

Towns about, until fuch time as the (hips came to t

Gulf, whither I went with Moran to buy wines, c

iron, cloth and fuch things as the Cloifter wanted for t

prefent. At which time there being a Frigat ready to c

part to Truxillo ( fome occafions drawing Moran thither ]

took (hip with him. We üaied not long above a we

In that Port ( which is a weak one, as the Engli(hz\

Hollanders taking of it can witnefs ) but prefently \

thought of returning back to Guatemala by land throuj

the Country of Comayagua, commonly called Hondur

This is a woody and mountainous Country, very bad ai

Inconvenient for Travellers, and befides very poor *, th<

the commodities are Hides, Cama fiftula, and Zarz

pariVa, and fuch want of bread, that about Truxillo th

make ufe of what they call Caffäve, which is a dry rot

that being eaten dry doth choak, and therefore is foak

In broth, wafer, wine or Chocolatte, that fo it may j

down. Within the Country, and efpecialiy about the C

ty ofComayagua (which is a Biihops feat, though a Ím¡

place of fome five hundred inhabitants at themoit) the

Is more itore of Maíz by reafon of fome I/j^'j»/, which a

gathered to Towns, few and fmall. 1 found this Counti

one of the poorsft in all America. The chief place in

for health and good living, is the valley which is call<

úraáas á ~D°my there are fome rich farms of Cattle ar

Wheat j but becaufeitlieth as near to the Country ofG*

témala as to Comayagua, and on this fide the ways are bett<

than on that, the reí ore more of that Wheat is tranfporte

to (J tatémala and to the Towns about it, than to Comayt

gua ot Truxillo. From Truxillo to Guatemala there are h

tween fouricore and a hundred leagues, which we travelle

by land, not wanting in a barren Countrey reither guid<

nor proviiion, for the poor Indians thought neither thei

perfonal attendance, nor any thing that they enjoyed to

good for us.

Thu

■M

¡hap. XX. o/ the Weft-Indies: 359

Thus we came again to Guatemala, and were by the
;yers joyfully entertained, and by the Present highly re-
SU and by the City called true Apoife becaufe we
d ventured our lives for the difcovery of Heathens and
>eneda way for their converfion and found out the
ief place of their reildence, and fait before uS> thofe
ildren to the City, who wimcffcd being with ui ^ the
loifter our pains and indeavours. Moran wasfo puffed
? with the Prefidents favour, and the popular applaufe,
athereiolved in Guatemalan venture raf^s life, and
:cordingto that meffage which he had fent before to the
eathen Indians^ enter amongfl ^m m a peaceaWe way
«h half a dozen Indians. He would fain have had me
one with himibutlconfidered the hardnefs of the put-
ey which I thought I ihould not be able to perform on
Mi andalfo I feared that the Barbanans ^ might muti-
v aeainiUs for thofe children which we had broughynd
iftly I liked not the Country, which feemed poor an h not
Dr my purpofe, to get means fuffictent to bring me heme to
wii, which was thechiefeft thought and defire of my
leart for the fatisfacTion of my confeience, which I found
till unquiet. Wherefore I refolved to foriake the com-
Dany of my friend Motan, and to defift from new difcoye-
■iesof Heathens, and fuch difficult undertaking* which
night endanger my health and life, and at hit bring no
profit, but only a little vain glory, fame and credit in that
Countrey. I thought 1 might better imploy my time, it I
learned fome Indian tongue nearer to Guatemala, where 1
confider'd the riches of the Towns, the leadineisof the
Indians^ their willingnefs to further their Priefts wants*
and laftly their ignorance in fome points of Religion, whicii
I thought I might help and clear with fome found dodrine,
and with preaching Chrift crucified unto them and bring-
ing them unto that rock of eternal blifs and falvation. I
truifcd in my friends fo much, that I knew it would not
be hard for me to take my choice of any place about Guate-
mala, from whence 1 might facilitate my return to Eng*
¡and, and mm toSpm, and have every year an wfwrt

3 6o J New Survey Chap. XX.

eafier than any where elfe. I opened my mind unto th<
Provincial ( who was then at Guatemala ) and he pre-
fendy and willingly condefcended to my requeft, anc
counfelled me to learn the Poconchi language, ( whereof I
had already got fomc grounds in the Vera Paz) which i:
moft ufed about Guatemala, and alfo is much pradifed ir
Vera Paz, and in the Country of San Salvador. H<
promifed to fend me to the Town of Pet apa, to learr
there the language, with a fpecial friend of his naitiec
Fryer Peter Molina, who was very old, and wanted the
help and company of fome younger perion to eafe hin
in the charge that lay upon him, of io great a Town
and many Travellers that paiTed that way, The Provin
cial, as ifhe had known my mind, pitched upon my ver]
hearts defire sand thus two weeks before Midfummer ¿v
I departed from Guatemala to Pet apa, which is fix league;
from thence,and there fetled my felf to learn that India)
tongue. The Fryers of thofe parts that are any way skil-
ful in the Indian languages, have compofed Grammars anc
Dictionaries for the better furthering of others who mai
fupply their places after their deceafe i but whilft the;
live are unwilling to teach the languages unto others, 'lei
their fcholars fhould after a good and well-grounded know
ledge ofthe tongues, fupplant their own Mailers, and b
a means of taking from them that great profit which the
have by living as Curates in the Indian Towns. Yet thi
old Mo/ka confide ring himfelf in years, and for his gpo<
friends fake the Provincial, was not unwilling to accep
of my company, and to impart unto me what knowledg
he had got by many years practice of the Poconcbi tongue
He gave me therefore a íhort aburad: of all the rudi
ments belonging unto it, which did confín ehieñy c
declining Nouns, and Conjugating Verbs, ( which 1 ea
fily. learned in the firft fortnight thaV í had been witl
him ) .-and then a Di&ionary of Indian words, whicl
' was all the reít oí my Üudy to get without book, un
til I was able of my felf to preach unto the Indianj
' ich with much eafmefs I obtain'd by difcourfing an(

con

bap. XX. of the Weíklndies. ?¿ i

aferring with them, what with my private ftudy I had

After the firfí fix weeks Molina writ down forme in
f tongueaihort exhortation, which he ^Pf«^ed 5^
I andViihed me to learn it without book, whicn I p a^
mibUckly upon the feaftof St. James. Alter this he
lVPe meanother íhort exhortador , in M ^Jggj
I the fifteenth of ¿«rgrf, which he made me tranflate
to the I«to tongue, and he corrected in it- what he
und amifs, wherewith Í was a little more «nboldnejl,
"dfeared not to (hew my felf in publick to the : «■*£
'his practice I continued three or ^,^5^
iichaelmas, Preaching what with his help I had tr re-
lated out of Spanijh, till Í was able, to talk with he
Indians alone, and to make my own Sermons After
Mcbaelm^ Molina being not a htt k vam-g onous of what
ie had done with me, in perfe&ing me m an unknown
£gue in fo íhort a fpace, which was very little above
^quarter of the year, writ unto the Provincial, acquaint-
ing him of what pains he had taken with roe, and oí the
Pood fuccefs of his endeavours, alluring him that I wa>
now fit to take a charge of Indians upon me and to
preach alone, further deiiring him that he would bellow
upon me (omc Indian Town and Benefice, where I might
by conftant preaching, and prafticc further that which
With fo much facility I had learned. The Provincial
( who had always been my friend ) needed not ipuis to
ftirhimup toihew more and more his love and kmdnela
to me i but immediately ferie me order to goto the
two Towns of Mixco and finóla, and to take charge ot
the Wi<wwÍB them, and to give quarterly an account ot
what I received thence unto the Cloifter of Guatemala,
unto which all that valley did belong. All the Indian
Towns and the Fryers that live in them are fubordinatc-
unto fome Cloifter v and the Fryers are called by their
Superiours to give up for the Gloifíers ufe what monies they
have fparedj after their own and their fervants lawful
maintenance. Which order yet in Feru is not obferved,

fo

ifo AKm Suney Chap. XJ

for there the Fryers who are once beneficed in Indu
Towns, depend not upon any Cloifter, but keep all th;
they get foe themfelves, and fo receive not from thei
Cloifters any clothing, or help for their prvoifion, neith<
give tbey any account to their Superiours, but keet
cloath and maintain themfelves, with what offerings an
other duties fall unto them from the Indians; which i
the caufe^ that the Fryers of Pern are the richeft in a
the Indie's, and live not like Fryers, but rather lik
Lords, and Game and Dice publickly without controu]
But the FtyeisotGuatemala, Guaxaca and Mexico, thougl
they have enough and more than is well futable to thei
vow and profeffion of poverty, yet they enjoy noi the li
berty of the Peruan Fryers in their Indian Benefices ; fo
ivhatis over and above their expences, they give to thei
Superiours, and from them they receive every month a jai
of wine, of an Arrobe and a half, and every year a new
habit with other clothing. Yet with what I have faid 1
muft not excufe the Fryers of Guatemala from liberty,, and
the enjoyment of wealth and riches h for they alfo game
and fport, and fpend, and fill their bags, and where ir
their accounts and reckonings to the Cloifters, they
might well give up in a year five hundred Crowns,
befide their own expences, they give up peradven-
ture three hundred, and ufurp the reft for themfelves
and their vain and idle ufes > and trade and traf-
ique under hand with Merchants againft their vow oí
poverty.

With this fubordination therefore ( which I have fhew-
ed )untothe Prior andCloiiter of Guatemala, was I fent
to preach unto the Indians of Mixco and Pinola, from
whence for my fake was removed an old Fryer of al-
moft fourfcore years of age, and called to his Cloifter to
reft, who Was not able to perform the charge which lay
upon him of two Towns, three leagues diftant one from
another. The fettled means for maintenance which Í en-
joyed in thefe Towns, and the common offerings and
duties, which i received from the Indians was this: in

Mixa

:hap. XX. o/ the Weft-Indies. 56?

to I was allowed every month twenty Crowns and
„ Finóla fifteen, which was punctually payed by the Al-
aldesand Regidors, Mayors and Jurats, before the end
,fthe month f for which payment, the Town foweda
ommon piece of Land with Wheat or Maíz and kep
heir book of accounts, wherein they fet down what
;rops they yearly received, what monies they took in for
heraleoftheirCorn,andinthefamebookiwas to write
lown what every month I received from them i which
book at the yearsend they were to prefent to be examined
by fome officer appointed thereunto by the Court of G«-
temala. Befides this monthly allowance, 5 had from the
Sodalities of the Souls in Purgatory every week in each
Town two Crowns for a Mafs i every month two
Crowns from Finóla upon the ftft Sunday ot the month
from the Sodalities of the Rotary ; and in Mixco like ¡wife
every month from three Sodalities of the Kofary of tne
Virein Mary, which were there belonging unto the Indi-
ans^ Spaniards, and the Blac^moors, two Crowns a-
piece Further from two more Sodalities belonging to
the Vera Cruz, or the Crofs of Chrift, every month two
Crowns apiece. And in Mixco from a Sodality of the
Spaniards belonging to St. Nicolas de tolenmo , two
Crowns every month; and from a Sodality ot bt. Blasm
Finóla every month two more Crowns v and finally in
Mixco from a Sodality entitled of St. Jaciatbo every
month yet two Crowns, befides fome offerings cf either
mony, fowls, or candles upon thofe days whereon thefe
MaiTes were fungs all which amounted to threefcore
and nine Crowns a moneth, which was furely fettled
and paid before the end of the month. Befides from
what I have formerly faid of the Saints ftatues which do
belong unto the Churches, and do there conftantly bring
both mony, fowls, candles, and other offerings upon' their
day, unto the Prieft, the yearly revenues which Í had in
thofe two Towns will appear not to have been fmall -,
for in Mixes there were in my time eighteen Saints I--
mages, and twenty in -finóla* which brought umo ét

upno

p4

JNem Survey Chap. XX-

upon their day four Crowns a piece for Mafs and Ser-
mow, and Proceffion, befides Fowls, Turkeys and Cacao,
and the offerings before the Saints, which commonly
might bs worth at leaft three Crowns upon every
Saints day, which yearly amounted to at leaft two hun-
dred threefcore and fix Crowns. Befides the Sodalities
oftheRofaryofthe Virgin, ( which as I have before faid
were four, three in Mw<w,and one in Finóla) upon five
feveral feafts of the year ( which are moft obferved by the
Church of Rome ) brought unto me four Crowns, two for
the days Mafs, and two for a Mafs the day following,
which they call the Anniverfary for the dead, who had3
belonged unto thofe Sodalities, which befides mofe
days offerings ( which fometimes were more, fomctimcs
leisjand the Indian prefents of Fowls and Cacao,
made up yearly fourfcore Crowns more. Befides this,
the two Sodalities of the Vera Cruz upon two Feafts
of the Crofs i the one upon the fourteenth . of Sep.
tember, the other upon the third of May, brought four
Crowns apiece for the Mafs of the day, and the An.
niverfary Mafs following, and upon eveiy ' Friday in
Lent two Crowns, which in the whole year came to four
and fourty Crowns i all which above reckoned, wss as
a fure rent in thofe two Towns. But, ihould I fpend
time to reckon up what befides did accidentally fall, would
be tedious. ThcChriitmans offerings in both thofe two
Towns, were worth to me when I lived there at leaft
forty Crowns. Thurfday and Friday offerings before
Eafter day were about a hundred Crowns ; All-Souls day
offerings commonly worth fourfcore Crowns ; and
Candle-mas day offerings commonly foriy more. Be-
fides what was offered unto the Feaft of each Town by
all the Country which came in, which in Mixso one year
was worth unto me -in Candles and Mony fourfcore
Crowns, and in Finóla ( as I reckoned it ) fifty more.
The Communicants ( every one giving a Rial ) might
make up in both Towns at leaft a thoufand Rials i and
the Confeffionsin Lent at leaft a thoufand more, befides

other

hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies: 365

'. rr- .^fP«< Honv, Cacao, Fowls and Fruits.
her°oX^ brought wo Rids, every' Marriage

,Ä .«d«li««dftÄ» weeping and from the 6«
leir muís «is . ¿ tj,us by finging all the

"d ÄfcF ? vFrXmfrom .he poor 'wL and their

lÄSSan infinite treafure, wherewith they in-

^ h mSvesand their Cloitters ; as may be gathered

S have noted by my own experience inthofe two

to r»*?»*' offelin„sand other Church-duties to ma-

beCTP rlwrs abouf that Country) which yet yielded

r0 me whh thf offiriñgs caft into" 'the Chefts which

ftood S ^Churches for the fouls of Purgatory and w.th

what he Indian, offered when they came to fpeak unto

" ( for they never vifit the Weft with empty hands ) and

wthwhat mherMafs-iVpends did «felly come m, the

r/mof at leaft two thoufand Crowns of Sfamff, mony,

wTh might ear!, mount ,o five hundred E*£ pounds.

I hought8thiI Benefice might he, fitter, place for me to

¡vein than in theGloifter oí Guatemala wearying out

ol? the arolaufe ofthe Scholars of the Umvetfity, and
™w andthen ome fmall profit •, which I thought! might
S after as well as the reft of my profeffion, nay with
more reafon, for that I intended to return to England and
I knew I (houid have little help for fo long a ,ourney m
eaving there my friends, if fobe that 1 made not m, -mony
L beft friend to affifi me by Sea and Land. My hrft en-
deavourwastocertifie my ielf from the Books oí Receipt»
and Accounts in theCtoifct of Gímala, what reck-
onings my Predeceffor and others before : him *¡*fp™
uptothe CloilJer yearly from M>«» and Pmola, that I
mighttegulate myfelfand my expencesfo, as to bote

3 66 J New Survey Chap. XX

to live with credit, and to get thanks from the Cloifta
by giving more than any before me had given. Ifounc
thai r four hundred Crowns had been the moft that my old
PredeceiTorhad given yearly in his accounts i and that be-
tore him little more was ufually given from thofe twe
towns* Whereupon f took occafion once in difcourfe
with the Prior of Guatemala to ask what he would wil-
Jmgly expeft from me yearly whiia I lived in thofe two

A° onf '-i° Wh!-ch he **&**> that [il uPheld for my Part
the Cloifters ufual and yearly Revenues, giving what my

Fiedcceffor had given, he would thank me, and expeci
no more from me, and that the reft that befel me in thofe
Towns, I. might fpend it in Books, Pi&ures, Ghocolatte,
Mules,and Servants h to which I made reply,rhat I thought
I could live in that Benefice creditably enough, and yet
give from it more co the Gloifter than ever any other be-
fore me had given, and that I would forfeit my conti-
nuing there, iff gave not to the Cloifter every year four
hundred and fifty Crowns. The Prior thanked me hearti-
ly for it, and cold me I ihould not want for wine, (wifliing
me to fend for it every month ) nor for clothing, which he
would every year once beftow upon me. This I thought
would fave a great part of my charges, and that I was
well provided for as long as I lived in the Indias. And
here I delire th3t England may take notice how a Fryer that
hath profeffed to be a Mendicant, being beneficed in Ame*
rka% may live with four hundred pounds a year clear, and
fome with much more, with moft of his cloathing given
him befides, and the moft charge of his wine fupply'd,
with the abundance of Fowls, which coft him nothing, and
with fuch plenty of Beef, as yields him thirteen pound
for three pence : Surely well may he game, buy good
Mules, furniih his chamber with Hangings and rich PU
«ftures, and Cabinets, yea and fill them with Spanijh
Pifióles, and pieces of eight, and after all trade in the
Court of Madrid for a Mitre and fat Biihoprick, which
commonly is the end of thofe proud, worldly, and lazy
JLubbars, '

Afset

t»ap.XX. o/ ík Weft-Indies; %6T

Aftei I was once fettled in thefe my two Towns, my fir^
•e was to provide my felfof a good Mule, which migh*
>n and eafily carry me (as often as occafion called) from
: one Town to the other. I foon found out one^whichJ
ft me fourfcore Crowns, which fer ved my turn very wel
ride nine miles the fpeedily crofs the Valley, which
:re between the two Towns. Though my cheif ftudy
"re was to perfed my felf in the Indian tongue, that I
ight the better preach unto them, and be well under-
>od i yet I omitted not to fearchout the Scriptures dai-
, and to addi& my felf unto the Word of God, which I
iew would profit me more than all thofe riches and plea-
ires of Egypt, which for a while I faw I muft enjoy, till
ly ten years were fully expired, and Licenfe from Rome
í Spain < granted for me to return to England, which I.
egan fpeedily to folicite, by means of one Captain Ifidore
e Zepeda, a Sevil Merchant and Matter of one of the (hips,
vhich came that firft year that I was fetled in Mixco with
Äerchandife for Guatemala. By this Captain (who pafc
sd often through the ValleyJ I writ unto my friends in
'pain and had anfwers, though at firft to little purpofe,
vhich did not a little increafe the troubles of my confei-
which were great, and fuch whereof the wife man

:nce

aid, a wounded Confcience who ¿an bear? My friend-
hip with this Captain Zepeda was fuch , that I broke my
rand unto him, defiringhim to carry me in his Ship to
Spain, which he refuféd to do, telling me the danger he
might be in, if complaint íhould be made to the Prefi-
áent of Guatemala,znd wiíhtng me to continue where I
was, and to ftore my felf with mony that I might return
with licenfe and credit. I reiolved therefore with David
in the 1 6, Tfal. and the 8. v. to fet the Lord always before
me, and to choofe him for my only comfort, and to rely up-
on his providence who I knew only could order things for
my good, and could from America bring me home to the
houfe of Salvation, and to the houihold of Faith s from
which 1 confideredmy felf an exile, and far baniihed. In
the mom time I lived five full years in the two Towns of

M'ma

<

1 6% A New Survey Chap. X]

Mixco and Finóla. Where I had more cccafion to g
wealth and »ony,than ever any that lived there before m
tor the hra year of my abiding there it pleafed God
lend one of the Plagues of Egypt to that Country, whi<
was oiLotuas, which I had never feen till then. Th<
were aiter the manner of our Graihoppers, but fomewh
bigger, which did flie about in number fo thick and inf
nite, that they did truly cover the face ofthcSun,andhii
der the Éhining forth of the beams of that bright Plane
Where they lighted either upon Trees or ftandíng. Cor
there nothing was expe&ed but ruine, deftruäion an
barrennefs j for the corn they devoured, the leaves an
fruits of trees they eat and confumed, and hung fo thici
upon the branches, that with their weight they tore ther
from the body. The high ways were fo covered with ther
that they ftartled the travelling Mules with their flutterin
about their head and feet \ my eyes were often ftruck witl
their wings as I rid along, and much ado I had to feem
way, what with a Montero wherewith I was fain to c©ve
my face, what with the flight of them which wereitill be-
fore my eyes.

The Farmers towards the South-Sea Goau\cryed out foi
that their Indigo which was then in grafs, was like to b<
eaten up h from the Ingtnio's of Sugar, the like moar
was made, that the young and tender Sugar Canes would
be deüroyed j but above all, grievous was the cry of the
husbandmen of the valley where I Hved,who feared thai
their Corn would in one night be fwallowed up by that
devouring Legion. The care of the Magiiirate'was that
the Towns of Indians ihould ail go out into the fields
with Trumpets, and what other infiruments they had to
make a noife, and fo to affright them from thofe places
which werfc moft confiderable and profitable to the Com-
mon-wealth j and ftrange it was to fee how the loud
noife of the Indians and founding of the Trumpets, de-
fended fbme fields from the fear and danger of them.
Where they lighted in the Mountains and High- ways,
there they left behind them their young ones, which
^ were

;hap. XX of the Weft Indies. 3 ¿9

>re found creeping upon the ground ready to threaten

ith a fecond years plague if not prevented i wherefore

the Towns were called with Spades, Mattocks and

tovelstodiglong Trenches and therein to bury all the

Dung ones.

Thus with much trouble to the poor Indians, and their
•eat pains ( yet after much hurt and lofs in many piá-
is ) was that flying Peftilence chafed away out of the
ountry to the South Sea, where it was thought to be
)nfumed by the Ocean, and to have found a grave in the
waters, whiift the young ones found it in the Land. Yet
icy were not all fo buried, but that ihortly fome ap-
eared, which not being fo many in number as before,
?ere with the former diligence foon overcome. But
¿hilft all this fear was, thefe outcries were made by
tie Country and this diligence performed by the Indi-
»/, the Priefts got well by it i for every where Pro-
effions were made, and Malíes fung for the averting
if that Plague. In Mixce molt of the Idols were car-.
ied to the field, efpecially the pi&ures of cur Lady, and
hat of Saint Nicholas lohntint, in whofe name the
:hurch of Rome doth ule to bleis little Breads and
/Vafers with the Siint fiamped upon them •, which they
hink are able to defend them from Agues, Plague, Pe«
lilence, Contagion, or any otheJi great and imminent
I anger. There was fcarce any Spanijh Husbandman who
n this occafion came not from the Valley to the Town
Df Mixco with his offering to this Saint, and who made
not a vow to have a Mafs fung unto Saint Nicholas \ they
all brought breads to be bleiTed, and carryed them back
to their Farms,- fome calling them unto their Corn, fome
burying them in their hedges and fences, itrongly
trufting in Saint Nicholas, that his bread would have
power tG keep the Locuils out of their fields ; and fo at the
laft thofe fimple, ignorant and blinded fouls, when they
faw the Locufts departed and their Corn fafe, cried out to
our Lady feme, others to Sjaint Nicholas, Milagro, a Mi-
racle, judging the Saint worthy of praife more than Cod,
Bb and

176

'A New Survey Chap. XX.

and' performing to him their vows of MaiTes, which it
their fear and trouble they had vowed, by which errotie
ous and Idolatrous devotion of theirs I got that year marr
more Crowns than what before I have numbred from th'
Sodalities» The next year following, all that Courier]
was generally infeóted with a kind of contagious iicknefs
almoit as infectious as the Plague, which they call Tabar
dilio, and ^as a Fever in the very inward parts anc
bowels, which fcarce continued to the feventh day, bu
commonly took them away from the World to a grave thi
third or iifth day. The filthy fmell and ftench which cam<
from them, which lay iick of this difeafe, was enough tc
in fed the reft of the houfe,and all that came to fee them
í¿ rotted their very mouths and tongue?, and made them
as black as a coal before they died. Very few Spaniards
were infected with this Contagion i but the Indians ge-
nerally were taken with it. It was reported to have begun
about Mexico, and to have ipread from Town to Town
till it came to Guatemala, and went on forwards i and fo
like wife did the Locufts the year before, marching as it
were from Mexico over all the Country* I vifited many
that died of this infection, ufing no other Antidote againft
it, fave only a handkerchief dipped in Vinegar to fmell
unto, and I thank God I efcaped where many died. In
Mixed I buried ninety young and old, and in Pipóla above
an hundred i and for all thefe that were eight year old,
or upwards, i received two Crowns for a Mafs for their
fouls delivery out of Purgatory. See good Reader, whe-
ther the conceit of Purgatory have not been a main poli-
cy of Rome to enrich the Prieft and Clergy, with Mafs fii.
pends from iuch as die, making thtrn believe that no-
thing elfe can help their fouls if once plunged into that
conceited tire j Where thou maift fee that one contagious
iicknefs in two fmall Towns of Indians brought unto me
m lefs than half a year near a hundred pounds for MaiTes
for almoft two hundred that died. Nay iuch is the gree-
dy covetoufnefs of thofe Friers, that they will receive three
or four Mafs ftipends for one day, making the people be-
lieve

bap. XX of the Weft-Indies. % 7 *

re that the fame Mafs may be offered up for many
1 do one foul as much good as another. Thus with
; Plague of Locufis, and the contagion of ficknefs, for
¡ firft two years together had I an occaíícn to enrich my
F, as did other Priefts my neighbours. But think not
itbecaufe fo many died, therefore the Towns_growing
; my offerings for the future were leffened. The En-
mendero's or Lords oí" the two Towns took care for
at, who that they might not lofe any part of that Tri-
te which was formerly paid unto them, prefently after
c ficknefs was ceafed, caufed them to be numbred, and
is I have in the Chapter before obftrved ) forced to
image all that were twelve years and upwards of age*
lich alio tfas a new ftream of Crowns flowing tntcv my
gs-, for from every couple that were married I had al-
two Crowns befides other offerings, and in both the
awns, I married on that ocdahon above fourfcore
uple. Truly l?y all this, I thank the Lord I was more
en gthened in my conceit againft the Church of Komi->
id not with the greedinefs of that Lucre inticed to con*
luing in it, though I found the perferments there far
eater than any might be in the Church oí England, where
inew nothing was to be got with tinging, or hudling
rer a Mafs; But yet though for the preient my profit
as great, my eyes were open roftethe «routs whereby
iat profit camelo plentifully tome, and to all th^t crew"
"Idolatrous Priefts. The judgments ceafed not here in
iat Country in my time, but after this Contagion three
as fuch an Inundation of rain, that the Husbandmen
ared again the lofs of all their Corn. At noon time the
srk clouds for a month together began to thicken and
yver the face of the Heavens, pouring down fuch tlormy
iores as fwept away much Corn, and many poor Cot™
iges oílndtans i b;ikks the rain, the fiery thunderbolts
reaking through the clouds threatneá a doleful judgment
) the Country. In the valley of Mixco two 'riding to-,
ether were ftrkken dead from their Mules, the Chvp-
el of our Lady of Carmel in the fame' valley was burnt
B b % té.

?7¿

A New Survey Chap. XX

to the ground, and likewife two houfes at the River c
Vacas. lñ f etapa another flaih of lightning or thundei
bolt fel^ into the Church upon the high Altar, crackin,
the wijfs in many place?, running from Altar, to Altai
defacing all the gold, and leaving a piint and flampwher
íí had gone without any more hurt. In the Cloifter c
the Francifcans in Guatemala^ a Fryer fleeping upon hi
bed after dinner, was ftricken dead, his body being lei
all black as if it had been burnt with are, and yet no iigi
of any wound about him. Many accidents happened tha
yaer which was 1632. all about the Country. But nr
{elf was by the fafe prote&ion of the Almighty won
derjully faved ; for being on a Saturday at night ir
Mixed trembling and fearing, and yet trufting in rrj]
God, and praying unto him in my chamber, one flafi
of lightning or thunderbolt fell clofe to the Church wal
to which my chamber joyned, and killed two Calve;
which were tied to a poft in a yard, to be ilaughtered
the next morning. The lightning was fo near and terri-
ble that it feemed to have fired all my houfe, and "itrucli
me down unto the ground, where I lay as dead for a greai
while i when I came again to my felf, I heard many Indiam
about myhoule, who were come to fee if either it or the
Church were fet on fire. This ftarmy feafon brought me
alio much profit, ( for as formerly ) the Spaniatds of the
valley and the Indians betook themfelves to their Idol
Saints carrying them about in Proceííion, which was not
done without mony, which they calí their alms unto their
Saints, that they may the better be heard and intreated by
them.

The Summer following there was more than ordinary
earthquakes, which were fo great that year in the King-
dom of Pera, that a whole City called Iruxillo was
f wallowed up by the earth which opened it felf, and almoft
all the people were loft, whilit they were at Church wor-
shipping and praying unto their Saints. The hurt they
did about Guatemala was not fo much as in other pJa-
«:"«, only fomc few mud- walls were ihaked down, and

foiTK

:hap.XX. of the Weft-Indies. 373

ome Churches cracked i which made the people fear
and betake themfelves again to their Saints, and empty
their purfes before them for Maffes and proceffipns, left
the danger ihould prove as great, as was that of the great
earthquake which happened before my coming into that
Countrey. Thefe earthquakes when they begin are more
often than long, for they laft but a while, ftirring the
earth with three motions, firft on the one fide, then on the
other, and with the third motion they fecm to fet it right
again. If they ihould continue, they would doubtlefs
hurl down to the ground any iteeple or building though
never fo great and firong. Yet at this time in Mixco
fome were fo violent, that they made the ileeple bend
fo much that they made the bells found. I was fouled
unto them that many times in my bed 1 would not ftir
for them. Yet this year they brought me to iuch a fear,
that had not the Lord been a prefgnt refuge to me in time
of trouble, Í had utterly been undone. For being one
morning in my chamber nudying, fo great and fuddain was
an earthquake, that it made me run from my table to a
window, fearing that before I could get down the ftairs
the whole houfe might fall upon my head, the window
was in a thick wall vaulted upwards like an arch( which
the Spaniards hold to be the fafeft place if a houfe ^ihould
fail ) where! expected nothing but deaih i as foon as I
got under it, the earthquake ceafed, though my heart
chafed not to quake with the fuddain arfrightmenr. Whilft
I was mufing and thinking what todo, whether I ihould
run down to the yard, or continue where I was, there
came a fecond ihaking woife than the íirfí, I thought
with my felf if the houfe ihould fall, the Arch would
not fave my life, and that I ihould either be Rifled or thrown
out of the window, which was not very low and near
unto the ground, but fomewhat high, wide, open, ha-
ving no glafs cafements but wooden ihuts, ( fuch as there
are ufed J and if I leaped out of the window, Í might
chance to break a leg, or limb, yet fave my lift. The
fuddennefs of the aftoniíhrnent took from me :he beft
E b a avid

$74 $S&P! SwwjJ Chap. XX.

and naoft mature deliberation in fuch a cafe i and in the
raidii of thefe my troubled and perplexed thoughts a third
motion came as violent as the former, wherewith I had
now fet one foot in the Window to leap down, had not
the fame Lord ( to whom David faid in the 46 PjaL v, 2,
Therefore will we not fear, though the earth be moved )
by his wonderful providence fpoken both to me and to
the moving earth, faying as in the 101;, Be (till and know
that I am God h for certainly had it gone on to a fourth
motion, Í had by calling down my felf broke either my
neck, or a leg, or iome other joynt. Thus was I twice fa-
ved by my good God in Mixc^ and in Pinola I was once
no lefs in danger in loiing a leg by means of afmaller inftru-
.^ient than is aflea.

This Town oí pinola in the Indian language is called
Vancac; P*/*ligniriethin, or amongft, Cjc,iignifieth three
things j for it iigoifieth the fire, or a fruit otherwife cal-,
led guhva i or thirdly, a fmall vermin , commonly called
by the Spaniards Migua\ which is common overall the
India's but more in fome places than in others. Where
there are many H.^gs, there isufually much of this fort of
vermin. The Spaniards report that many of the Soldi-
ers of Si r Francis Dra\e died of them, when they landed
about Nombrs de Dios, and marched up the high Moun-
tains of St. Pablo towards Panama, who feeling their feet
to itch, and not knowing the caufe thereof, fcratched them
to much, till they feftred, and at kit, (if this report be
true) cod them their lives. Some fay, they breed in all
places, high and low, upon Tables, Beds, and upon the
ground -, out experience iheweth the contrary, that they on-
ly bieed upon the ground, for where the houfes arc fluttilh
znd not often fwepc, there commonly they are moil felt i
and in that.they ufually get into the Feet and Shooes, and
feldom into the hands or any other part of the body, ar-
gues that they breed upon the ground. They are lefs than
the kaft flea, and can fcarce be perceived, and when they
enter into the foot, they make h burn and itch j and if than
theybe looked to3 they appear black, and po bigger then

k'-.N the

:hap.XX. of the Weft-Indies. 37 j

ie point of a pin, and with a pin may eafily be taken
ut whole i but if part of them be left, the fmalleft part
rill do as mqch harm as the whole, and will get into
k fleih. When once they are got in, they breed a little
ag in the fle(h,and in it a great many Nits, which increafe
igger and bigger to the bignefs of a great Pea i then they
egin again to make the foot itch,which if it be fcratched,
alkth to fettering, and fo indangereth the whole foot,
lome hold it beit to take them out when they caufe the
rft itching and are getting in , but this is hard to do, be-
aufe they can hardly then be perceived, and they a*e apt to
ie broken. Therefore others commonly let them alone,
intil they be got into the fleih, and have bred a bag with
tits, which like a bllfter (hewethit ielf through the skin
nd then with the point of a pin, they dig round about the
tag, till they can with the pins point take it out whole, if
t be broken, it comes to breed again -, if it be taken out,
vhole, then they put in a little ear wax, or aibes where the
>ag lay, and with that the hole is healed up again in a day
>r two. The way to avoid this vermin entringinto the
bot, is to lay both ihooes and (lockings, or whatfoever
)ther clothing upon fome ftool or chair high from the
>round, and not to go bare-foot •, which yet is wonderful
n the Indians themfelves, that though they commonly do
£0 bare-foot, yet they are ieldom troubled with them,
which is attributed to the hardnefs of their skin s for cer-
:ainly were they as tender footed and skinned as are thofe
:hat wear both ihooes and ftockings, they would be as
much troubled with them as thefe are. Pancac and Tino-
\a, is much fubjeel: to this Vermin, or Migua, and I found
it by woful experience, for at my hjii coming thither nipt
knowing well the quality of it, I let one breed fo long in
my foot2 and continued fcratching it until my foot came
to be fo fdkred, that I was fain to lie two whole months
in a Cbirurgions hand , and at laft through Gods great-
mercy and goodnefs to me I loft not a Limb. But that
the Providence of God may be known to me the worft of
ill his Creature?, having in fo far a Country from ail my
B b 4 '. friends

3 7 1 A ?8* Survey Chap, XX,

friends, and from me may be related unto future Genera-
tions, before I conclude this Chapter, I fhall further (hew
both my dangers and deliverance?. Though true it is
moft of the Indians are but formally Chriftians, and only
outwardly appear fucb, but fecretly are given to Witch-
craft and idolatry, yet as they were under my charge I
thought by preaching Chrift unto them, and by cheriihing
them, and defending thern from the cruelty of the Spa-
niards, I might better work upon thim to bring them to
more knowledge of fome truths, at leaft concerning God
and Chrift. Therefore as ¡found them truly loving, kind
and bountiful unto me, fo I endeavoured in all occafions
to íhew them love by commiferating their fufieriogs, and
taking their part againft any Spaniards that wronged them,
and keeping conftantly in my chamber fuch drugs (as hot
Waters, Annifeed and Wine and the like ) which I knew
might moft pleafe «hem, when they came to fee me, and
moft comfort them, when they were lick or grieved. This
my loveMd pity towards them had almoft in Finóla coft
me my life", For an Indian of that Town ferring a Spa*
niajtd, named' Francifco de Montenegro ( who lived a mile
and a half from thence ; was once (o pitifully beaten and
wounded by his Matter, for that he told him he would
complain to me that he payed him not his wages, that he
was brought hornero che Town, and had I not out of my
charity called for a Chirurgion from Petapa to cure him,
he had certanly d^ed. ] could no but complain for the
poor Indian unto the trefident of Guatemala, who refpe-
ding my complaint, fent for my Spaniard to the City, im-
prifond him and kept him cloie until the Indian was
recovered, and fo with a Fine fent htm back again. In a
Sermon I preffed this home unto the neighbouring Spa-
niards, warning them of the wrongs and abufes which
they offered unto the poor WW, which I told them I
would put up no more than any injury done unto my fclf,
for that! looked upon them as Neophytes and new plants
ofChriftianity,who were not to be difcouraged, but by
all means of love encouraged to come to Chriit ; withal I

com-

up. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 381

imanded all the Indians that had any wrong done unto
n, to come unto me, affuiing them that I would make
i a complaint for them as ihould be heard, as they
ht perceive I had lately done to Come puipofe. This
non ftuckío in Montenegro his fiomach, thatf asl was
rmed ) he made an Oath, that he would procure my
:h. Though it was told me, yet I could hasdly be-
eit judging it to be more a bravery anda vain hoaO>
of a Spaniard, than any thing elfe •, Yet by the advice of
le friends I wascounfellcd to look to my felf, which yet
lighted, till one day the boys and Indians that fer-
. in my houfe came rnning to my charmber door, wi-
m me to look to my felf, and not tocóme out, for that
ntenegro was come into my Yard with a naked fword to

me. I charged them from within to call the Officers
he Town! o aid and affitt me", but in the mean while

furious Spaniard perceiving himfelf difcovered» left

Town. With this I thought of fecuring my ftlf
ter, and called for a Blackmoor, Miguel Valva a very
ut and lufty fellow, who lived from me half a mile, to
about me till I could difcover more of Montenegros
[igns and malicious intents. The next Sabbath day
the morning being to ride to the Town of Mixco^
cried my Blackmore, and half a dozen ot Indians, in my
mpany, and going through a little Wood in the midft
the valley, there I found my enemy waiting for me,
10 feeing the train I brought, durft .do nothing, but
vemefpiteful language , telling me he hoped that he
Duld find me alone íórae time or other. With this i thought

to delay no longer my fecond complaint to the Prtii-
:nt againft him, who as before heard me willingly, and af-
r a months imprifonment bantftied Montenegro 3 o leagues
om the Valley. And not only from Spaniards was I
danger for the Indians fake whiUt I lived in thofe Towns h
it alio fome Indians therofelve s, ( who Were falfe
1 Religion ) I did undergo great perils, an J yet was ft|U
slivered.

In find* there weie fome, who were much given to

Whch-

3 7 8 A New Survey Chap. X]

witchcraft, and by the power of the Devil did ad ftrane
things. Amongft the reft there was one old woman na
rncd Martha de Carrillo, who had been by fome of th
Town formerly accufed for bewitching many i but the Spa
mjh Juíüces quitted her, finding no Cure evidence again!
her v with this ihe grew worfe, and worfe and did mucl
harm. When I was there, two or three died, witherini
away, declaring at their death that this Carrillo had feille!
them, and that they faw her often about their beds, threat
ning them with a frowning and angry look. The Indian
for fear oí her durft not complain againft her, nor meddl<
with her ; whereupon ! fent word unto Donjuán de Guz-
man the Lord oí that Town, that if he took not ordei
with her, ihe would deflroy his Town. He hearing of it
got for me a commiiiion from the Biihop and another offi-
cer of the Inquifuion to make diligent and private inquin
after her life and a&ions i which I did, and found among
the Indians many and grievous complaints againft her, moll
oí the Town affirming that certainly ihe was a notorious
witch, and that before her accuiation (he was wont whi-
therioever ihe went about the Town to go with a Duck
following her, which when (he came to the Church, would
ftay at the door till (he came out again, and then would
return home with her, which Duck they imagined was
her beloved Devi! and familiar Spirit, for that they had
often fet dogs at her and they would not meddle with her
but rather run away from her. This Duck never appear-
ed more with her, iince (he was formerly accufed before
the Juftice, which was thought to be her policy, that ihe
might be no more fufpeóted thereby. This old woman
was a widow, and of the pooreft of the Town in outward
ihew, and yet ihe always had ftore of mony, which none
could tell which way ihe might come by it. Whilft I was
thus taking privy information againft her (it being the time
of Lent, when all the Town came to confeifion ) ihe among,
the reft came to the Church to cpnfefs her Sins, and brought
me the beft prefent and offering cf all the Town, ior
whereas a Rial is common, ihe brought me four, and befides

hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 379

rurlcy, Eggs, Fiíh, and a little bottle of hooy. She
U2ht thereby to get with me a better opinion than

of her from the whole Town > I accepted of her great
rings, and heard her Confeflion, which was of nothing
trines, which could fcarce ¡be judged finful anions. 1
mined her very clofe of what was the common Judg-
nt of all the Indians, and efpecially of thofe who dying
I declared to my felf at their death that (he had bewitched
m, and before their ficknefs had threatned them, and in
ir ficknefs appeared threatning them with their death
)ut their beds, none but they themfdves feeing her. lo
tich (he replyed weeping, that (he was wronged. I
:ed her, how (he being a poor widow without any ions
help her, without any means of liveiyhood had fo much
)ny as to give me more than the richeft of the Town,
w (he came by that Fiíh, Turkey,and Bony, having none

this of her own about her houfe ? to which (he replyed,
u God loved tier and gave her ali thefe things, and that
th her mony ihe had bought the reft. I asked her ot
bom i ihe anfwered that out of the Town (he had them,
pcrfwaded her much to repentance, and to forfake the
evil and all rellowihip with him-, but her words and
Lfwers were of a Saintly and holy woman , and (heear-
:ft]y defired me to give her the Communion with the reft
at were to receive the next day. Which I told her Í durft
)tdo, ufingChrifts words, Give not the childrens bread
lto dogs, nor caft your pearls unto fwine v and that it
©uld be a great fcandal to give the Communion unto her,
ho was fufpe&ed generally, and had been accufedfora
/itch. This (he took very ill, telling me that (he had ma-
y years received the Communion, and now in her old
?e it grieved her to be deprived of it ; her tears were
íany, yet I could not be moved with them, butrefoiutely
enied her the Communion, and fo difmiffed her. At noon
/hen I had cone my work in the Church, 1 bad my Gr-
ants go te gather up the Offerings, and gave order to have
W ftfh dieiTed (or my dinner which (he had brought * bat
o fooner was it cairied into the Kitchen, when ihe Cook

locking

3 8 o A New Survey Chap. X:

looking on it found it full of Maggots, and «inking,
that I was forced to hurl it away. With that I began
iufped my old Witch, and went to look on her hor.
and powring it out into a diih, I found it full of Worn
her eggs I could not know from others, there being ne
a. hundred offered that day i but after as I ufed them, v
found fome rotten, fome with dead chickens within i ti
next morning the Turkey was found dead > as for h
four. Rials, I could not perceive whether the had bewitc
ed thern out of my pocket, for thai I had put them wi
many other, which that day had been given me, yet as i
as I could I called to memory who and what had been ¿
venóme and in my Judgment and reckoning I verily thoug
that I miffed four Rials. At night when my iervants tl
Indians were gone to bed, I fat up late in my chamb
betaking my iclf to my Sooks and ftudy, for I was tl
next morning to make an exhortation to thofe that r
ceived the Communion. After I had fiudyed a while,
being between ten and eleven of the Clock, on a fuddi
the chief door in the hall (where in a lower room w¡
my chamber, and the fervants, and three other doors) fie
open, and I heard one come in, and for a while walk abou
then- was another door opened which went into a lite
room, where my faddles were laid i with this I thougl
it might be the Black-moor Miguel Dalvar who would o
ten come late to my houfe to lodge there, efpecially fino
ray fear o{ Montenegro, and I conje&ured that he wash]
ing up his iaddle, I called unto him by his name two c
three times horn within my chamber, but no anfwer wj
made , but fuddenly another door that went out to a Gai
den flew alfo open, wherewith I began wishin to fear, m
joynts trembled, my hair flood up, I would have calle
out to the fervants5and my voice was as it were flopped wit
the iudden affrightment, I began to think of the Witc
and put my truft in God againii her, and encouraged m
felf and voice, calling out to the iervants, and knock
ing with a Cane at my door within that they migfc
hear me. for I durft not open it and go out. Wit

tl

hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies; 377

e noife which I made the fervants awaked and came out
my chamber door \ then I opened it, and asked them
they had not heard fome body, in the hall, and all the
>ors opened. They faid they were afleep, and heard
)thing,onlyoneboyfaidhe heard all, and related unto
e the fame that I had heard. I took my candle then

my hand and went out into the hall with them to
ew the doors, and I found them all (hut, as the ier-
ints faid they had left them. Then I perceived that the
fitch would have affrighted me, but had no power to do
ie any harm j I made two of the fervants He in my cham-
ar, and went to bed, In the morning early-I fent for my
i^/ the Clerk of the Church, and told him what had
ippened that night i he fmiled upon me, and told me ii
as the widow Carillo, who had often played fuch tricks in
ie Town with thofe that had offended her, and therefore
shad the night before come unto me from her defiringme
> give her the Communion left (he ihould do me fome
art, which I denied unto him, as I had done to her felf,
'he Clerk bad me be of good cheer, for he knew (he had
o power over me to do me any hurt. Af?er the Comrnuni-
n that day fome of the chief Indians came unto me, and
)ld me that old Carillo had boafted that fee would play
ie fome trick or other, becaufe I would not give her the
iommunion. But I to rtdtheTovsn of fuch a limb, of
atan, fent her to Guatemala, with all the evidences and
ntnefles which I had found againft her unce> the Prefix
ent and Biíhop, who commanded her to be put in prifon,
/here ihe died within two months.

Many more Indians there were in that Town, who
/ere faid in my time to do very Grange things. One
ailed Job» Gonzalez was reported to change himfelf into
heíhapeofa Lyon,and inthatihape was one day (hot m
he nofe by a poor harmlefs Spaniard who chiefly got his
¡ving by going about the Woods and Mountains, and
looting at wildDeer and other beaftsto make mony of them»
Ie efpied one day aLyon, and having no other aim at him-
m his fnout behind a tree.he (hot at himstheLyon run away;

the

?8z rA New Survey Chap. XX

she fame day this Gonzalez was taken fick, I was Cent ft
to hear his Confeflion, I faw his face and nofe all bruifed
and asked him how it came, he told me then that he hai
fallen from a tree and almoft killed him; yet after
wards he accufed the poor Spaniard for (hooting at him
the buiinefs was examined by a Spanijb Juftice, sny evi
dence was taken for what Gonzalez told me of his fall fron
a tree, the Spaniard was put to his oath, who fware tha
he (hot at a Lyon in a thick Wood, where an Indian coulc
icarce be thought to haveany bufirefs, the treet wasfounc
out in the Wood, whereat the ihot had been made and wa:
ítill marked with the (hot and bullet i which Gonzalez con-
fcííed was to be the place, and was examined how he nei
ther fell nor wasfeen by the Spaniard when he came tc
feek for the Lyon, thinking he had killed him i to which he
anfwered that he ran away left the Spaniard fhould kit
him indeed. But hisanfwers feeming frivolous, the Spa-
niards integrity being known, and the great fufpition
ihat was in the Town of Gonzalez his dealing with
the Devil, cleared the Spaniard from what was laid a-
gainit him.

But this was nothing to what after happened to one
John Gomez, the chicfeft Indian of that Town of neei
fouifcore years of age, the Head and Ruler of the princi-
palleft Tribe among the Indians, whofe advife and coun-
itl was taken and preferred before all the reft, who feemed
to be a very godly Indian, and very feldom miffed morn-
ing and evening prayers in the Church, and had beftowed
great riches there. This Indian very fuddenJy was taken
fick ( i being then in my other Town oiMixco, ) the May-
or domos, or ikwzxds of the Sodality of the Virgin fearing
that he might die without Confeffion and they be chid
for their negligence, at midnight called me up at Mixco
defiring me to go prefently and help John Gomez to die,
whom alio they iaid defired much to fee me and to re-
ceive fome comfort from me. Í judging it a work of cha-
rity, although the time of the night were unfeafonable,
and the greac rain at the prdent might have flopped my

charity,

hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies: 383

arity, yet I would not be hindred by either of them,
id fo Yet forth to ride nine miles both in the dark and
et. When I came to Vinola being thorough wet to the
in, I went immediately to the houfe of old fick Gomez,
ho lay with his face all muffled up, thanked me for my
ins and caiel had tor his fouh he defued to confefs,
id by hisconfeffion and weeping evidenced nothing but
godly life, and a willing defire to die and to be with
hrift. I comforted him and prepared him for death,
id before 1 departed, asked him how he felt himfelf , he
lfwered that his ficknefs was nothing but old age and
eaknefs. With this 1 went to my houfe, changed my
If and lay downa while to reft , when fuddenly I was
lied up again to give Gomez the extream undion, which
£ Indians ( as they have been ignorantly taught ) will
)t omit to receive before they die. As I anointed him
his nofe, his lips,his eyes, his hands and his ket, I
írceived that he was fwelled, and black and blew i but
lade nothing of it, judging it to proceed from the fick-
>fs of his body i I went again home being now break of
ic day, when after I had taken a fmall nap, fome Indians
ime to my door for to buy candles to offer up for John
omez his foul, whom they told me was departed, and
as that day to be buried very folemniy at Mafs. Í arofe
ith drowiie eyes after fo unquiet a nights reft -, and walk-
I to the Church, where I faw the grave was preparing,
met with two or three Spaniards who lived ncer the
own and were come to Mafs that morning, who went
iwithmetomy chamber, and with them I fell into dif*
)Uife about John Gomez, telling tkm- what comfort I
idrecievedat his death, whom I judged to have lived
sry holily, and doubted nor oí his falvation, and that the
'own would much want him, for that he was their chief
nide and leader, ruling them with good advice and coun-
1. At this the Spaniards fmiled one at another, and
>ld me I was much deceived by all the Indians, but efpe-
ally by the deceafed Gomez, if Í judged him to have
a Saint, and holy man. Í told them that they as ene-.

:en

IRltS

584 A New Survey Chap. X^

mies to the poor Indians judged flill uncharitably of then
but íhat Í who knew very well their confciences, cou
judge better of them than they. One then replyed, that
feemed I little knew the truth- oí John Gomez his death 1
the Conieffion which he had made unto me, and thai
feemed to be ignorant of the ftir which was in the Tov
concealing his death. This feemed fo ftrange unto rr
that I defircd them to inform me of the truth. Then th
told me that the report went,that John Gomez was the chi
wizard of all the wizards, and witches in the Town i ai
that commonly he was wont to be changed into the (ha;
of a Lyon, and fo to walk about the mountains. That 1
was ever a deadly enemy to one Sebaftian Lopez an a
cient Indian, and head of another Tribe i and that both
them two days before had met in the mountain, Gom
intheihapeof a Lyon, ar.d Lopez in the Chape of a 1
gre and that they fought molt cruelly, till Gomez ( wl
was the older and weaker ) was tired, much bit ai
bruifed-, and died oí it. and further that I might be alT
red of this truth, they told me that Lopez was in piifon f
ir, and the two s Tribes ftriving about it \ and that t
Tribe and kindred of Gomez demanded from Lopez and 1
Tribe and kindred fadsfaótion, and a great fum of mo
or elfe did threaten to make the cafe known unto t
Spanifl) power and authority, which yet they were unw
ling to do if they could agree and (mother it up amoi
thtmfdves ..that they might not bring an afpertion up<
their own Town. This feemed very íirange unto me, ai
■J could not refolve what to beleive, and thought I wou
nevermore beleive an Indian, if ! found John Gomez
have fo much diifcmblcd and deceived me. I took n
leave of the Spaniards and went my felf to the Prifo
where Í found Lopez with fetters. I called one of t
officers of the Town, who was Alguazii Maior, and r
great friend, unto my houfe, and privatly examined hi
why Lopez was kept fo clofe p? ifoner •> he was loth to t
«Tie fearing the reft of the Indians, and hoping the bufin
would be nken up, at?d agreed by the two Tribes, ai

n

—

iap: XX. ; of tbeWmadksl ¡if

noifed about the Countrey, which at the very inilant
twp Alcaldes and Regidores, Maiors and Jurats,
h the chief of both Tribes Were fitting about in the
ivn-houfe all that morning, But 1 feeing the Officer
lorous, was more defirous to know fomething, and
(Ted more upon him for the truth, giving him an inkling
what I had heard from the Spaniard/ before. To which
anfwered that if they could agree amongft themfelves,
y feared no ill report from the Spaniards again ft their
wni ¡told him f muft know what they w< re agreeing
on arnongft rhemfelves fo dofely in the Town-houfe.
told me, if I would prornife him to fay nothing of him
or he feared the whole Town if they íhnuld know he had
ealed any thing unto me ) he would tell me the tmth,6
th this I comforted him, zv.d gave him a cup of Wine,
1 encouraged him, warranting him that no harm ihould
ne unto him for what he told me. Then he related the
inefs unto me as the Spaniards had done, and told mc
t he thought the Tribes amongii themfelves would not
•ee, for that fome of Gomez his friends hated Lopez and
fuch as were fo familiar with the Devil, j|nd cared not
lomez hisdiifembling life were laid open to the World >
; others he faid, who were as bad as Lopez and Gomez,
)uld have it kept clefe, k¡\ they and ail the Witches
1 Wizards of the Town (hould be difcovtred. This
ack me to the very heart, to think that J (Kould live
longftfuch people, whom 1 law were (pending all they
aid get by their work ann labour upon the Churchy
ints, and in offerings, and yet were fo privy to the
anfels of Satan v it grieved roe that the Word I preached
to them, cid no more good, and I refolved from that
ae forward tofpend molt of my endeavours agaipltSatans
jtilty, and to ihew them more than I had done, the
sat danger of their Souls who had made any compaél
th the Devil, thai I might make them abandon and
¡«re his works, and clofe with Chriit by Faith'. I
miffed the Indian, and^ent to the Church, to
: if the pevpte were Ae to Mafs i I found there
m c ft?

j 88 J New Survey Chap. XX.

nobody but only two who were making Gomez his Grave*
I went back fo my Chamber, troubled much within my
felf, whether I ihould allow him a Ghriftian burial, who
had lived and died fo wickedly, as I had been informed.
Yet I thought I was not bound to believe one Indian
againft him, nor the Spaniards^ wl\om I fuppofed fpoke
but byhearfay. Whillt I was thus muling, there came
unto me at leaft twenty of the chiefeit of the Town with
the two "Majors, Jurates, and all the Officers of Juftice, who
defired me to forbear that day the burying of John Gomez,
for that they had refolved to call a Crown Officer to view
his Corps and examine his death, left they all ihould be
troubled for him., and he be again unburyed. I made as if
! knew nothing but enquired of them the reafon •■> then they
related aSl unto me, and told me how there were witneiTes
in the Town who fa w a Lyon and a Tyger fighting, and
prefently lofl fight of the Beafts, and faw John Gomez,
and Sehaftian Lopez? much about the fame place parting
one from another i and that immediately John Gomez came
home bruifed to his bed, from whence he never rofe more,
and that he decried upon his death- bed unto fornc of his
friends that Séa\iian Lopez had killed him > whereupon
they had him iníafecuílody. Further they told me that
though they had never known fo much wickednefs of thefe
two chief heads of their Town whom they ■ had much re-
fpe&ed and followed, yet now upon this occafion, from
the one Tribe and the other they were certainly informed
that both of them did conftantiy deal with the Devil,
which would be a great afperfion upon their Town, but
they for their parís abjured all fuch wicked ways, and
prayed me not to conceive the woife of all for a few,
whom they were refolved to pafecute, and fufe not to
live among them. 1 told them I much fikecl their good
zeal, and encouraged them asgoodChriftians to endeavour
the rooting our {Sat»n from their Town, and they did
very well in giving notice to Guatemala, to the Spanifh
power, of this accident, and that if they had concealed it,
they might a!! have been puniihed as guilty oí Gomez his
\ death,

Chap- XX- of the Weft-Indies: J 8?

death, and Agents with Satan, and his inftrumcnts. Í
aifured them I had no ill conceit of them but rather
iudecd well of them for what they were agreed to do. The
Grown Officer was fent for who came that night and
fearched Gomez his body \ I was prefer* with hin^and
found it all bmifed, fcratch'd and in many p.aces bitten
and fore wounded. Many evidences and iufpicions were
brought in againft Lopez by the Indians of the Town,
efpecialby Gomezhis friends, whereupon he was carryed
away to Guatemala, and there again Was tryed by the fame
witneffes, and wot much denying the fad himfelf, was
there hanged. And Gomez, though his grave was opened
in the Church, he was not buried in it, but in another made
ready for him in a Ditch.

In Mixco I found alfo fome Indians no Ids diííemoiers
than was this Gomez, and thofe of the cbiefeft and ricbeft-
of the Town, who were four Brothers called Fuentes, and
half a fcoremore. Thefe wereoutwardly very fair tongued,
liberal, and free handed to the Church, much devoted to
the Saints, great feauers upon their day, and yet in feeret
great idolaters. But it pleafed God to make me his mftru-
ment, todifcover and bring to light the fecrecy of their
hidden works of darknefs, which it ieems the privacy of
a thick Wood and Mountain had many years hid from
the eyes of the World. Some of thefe being one day ib
the company of other better Chriftians drinking hard of
their Chicha, boafted of their God, faying that he had
preached unto them better than I could preach, nay that
he had plainly told them that they Oiould not believe
any thing that I preached of Chrilt, but follow the old
ways of their Forefathers, who worfhipped their Gods
aright, hut now by the example of the Spaniards they were
deluded, and brought to woriliip a faife God. The other
Chriftians hearing of this bigan to wonder, and to enquire
of them where that God was, and with much ado, pro-
mifing to follow their ways, and their God, got outoC
them the place and fountain where they might find him.
Though this in drunkenriefs were agreed upon, >et in
Oca, ■-• fobernef^

i

19© J New- Survey. Chap. XX.

fobernefs the good Chmiians thought better of what they
bad agreed upon, ¿nd flighted what before in drinking they
heard, ana yet it was not kept by them fo clofe, but that it
came to the ear? of a Spaniard in the Valley; who finding
hirnfelf touched in confcience, came to Mixco to me, and
told me what he had heard, that fome Indians of that town
followed an Idol and boafted that he had preached unto
them againft my Doctrine, and for the ways of the former
Heathens. ! thanked Cod for that he was pleafed to under-
mine the fecret works of Satan daily, and-defired the Spa-
niard to tell me by whom he came to know of this. He
told me the Indians name from whom he had Uyand that
he was afraid to difco ver the Indians and to tell me of it,
I fent for the Indian before the Spaniard, who confeiTed
unto me that he had heard of fuch a thing •-, but knew that
if he diddifcover the Indians^thcy with the power of the
Dcvü would do him much harm", I told him, if he were a
true Chriilian, he ought to fight againft the Devil, and
not to fear him, who could do him no harm if God. were
with hüii, and he clofed by Faith with Chriii, and that
the difcoveiy of that Idol might be a means for the conver-
ting of the Idolaters, when they (hall fee the fmall power
of their faHe God againft the true God of the Chriftians.
Further I told him plainly, that if he did not tell me.
who the Indians were, and where their Ido! was, that
I would have him to Guatemala, and there make htm
difcover whit ht knew. Here the Indian began to tremble,
and told me the Fuentes liad boaifed of fuch an idol, whom
ihey called their God, and gave fome figns of a Fountain
and or a Pine-Tree at the mouth of a Cave in fuch a Moun-
tain. I asked him, if he knew the place, or what kind of
Idol it was i he told me that he had often been in that
Mountain, where he had feen two or three fprings of
Water, but never was in any Cave. I asked him if he would
go with me, and help me to find it out, he refufed flill
faring the idolaters, and wiihed me not to go, for fear
sfeheyihould be there, they might kill me rather than be
effi covered. I * ifwercd hiai that I would cany wirh me

fuck

Chap. XX. of the WefUndies. $9l

uch a Guard as ihould be able to defend me againft
them, and my Faith in the true living God, would fecure me
againft that falfe God. I reiolved therefore with the Spa-
niard to go to fearch out the cave the next day, and to
carry with me three or four Spaniards and my Blackmore
Miguel Valva, and that Indian. I told him I would not
fuffer him to go home to his houfe that day, for fear he
ihould difcover in the Town my deiign and purpofe,and fo
we might be prevented by the Idolaters, who certainly that
night would take away their Idol. The Indian ftill iefu-
fed, till I threatned him to fend for the Officers of Juilice
and to fecure hisperfon i with this he yielded, and that he
might have no difcourfe with any body in the Town, nor
with the Servants of my houfe, I defiied the Spaniard to
take him home to his houfe, and to keep him there clofe
that day and night, promtiing to be with him the next
morning. I charged the Spaniards' alfo with fecrecy , and fo
diimifled him with the Indian, That day I rid to Pinoia
for the Blackmore Migud Valva, and brought him to
Mixco with me, not telling him what my intent was i
I went alfo to four neighbouring Spaniards, defining them
to be in a readinefs the next morning to go a little way
with me for the fervice of God, and to meet roe at fuch
a neighbours houfe, and that if they would bring their
fowling pieces, we might chance to find fome (port whete
we went, and as for provifion of Wine and Meat, I
would provide fufficiently. They promifed to go with
me, thinking that although 1 told them, it was for the
fervice of God, my purpofe only was to hunt after fome
wild Deer in the Mountains. I was glad they conftrued
my adHon that way, and fo went home3 and provided
that night a good Gammon of Bacon,and fome Fowls roiied
cold, and others boiled, well peppered and faired foi th^
next days work. Where Í had appointed my Indian to be
kept, I met with the reft of my company, and from thence
we went together to the ptoce of the Idolaters woi*
(hipping, which was fome fix miles from Mixco towards
the Town oí St. John Saeatepeauer, When we canie into the

39^ A New Survey Chap. XX.

Wood we prefently met with a deep Barranca, or bottom;
where was a running, which encouraged us to make there
diligent iearch, but nothing could be found i from thence
we afcended up out of the Barranca, and found after
much time fpent a fpring of water, and looked care-
Fully about it, but could ünd no Cave. Thus in vain we
fearched till the Evening, and feaiing left we might lofe
our way and our felves, if the night overtook us, my
friends began to fpeak of returning homewards. But I
confideringthatasyet we had not gone over one half part
©f the Wood, and to go home and come again might make
us to be noted, and fpoken of, we thought it our beft way
to take up our lodging that night in the Wood, and in that
bottom which we firft fearcked, where was good water
for to drink Chocolatte, and waim lying under the trees,
and io in the morning to make our ftcond iearch. The
Company was very willing to yield unto it, and the
calm night favoured our good intentions. We made a
tire for our Chocolatte, and fupped exceeding well of our
cold meat, and fpent moil: part of the night in merry
difcourfe, having a watchful eye on our Indian^ left he
ihould give us the flip, committing him to the charge
of Miguel Valva. In the morning we prayed unto God,
befeechinghimto goide us that day jn the work we went
about, and to difcover unto us the Cave of darknefs and
iniquity, where lay hid that inftrument of Satan, that fo
by his difcovery glory might be given unto our true God,
and fname and puniíhment brought upon his enemies. We
enter'd again into the Wood up a iteepy hill, and
having throughly fearched all the South iide of it, we
went onto the North fide, where we found another deep
defcent, which we began to walk down looking on every
fide, a^d not in vain -, for alsnóft half a mile from the top
we found fome marks of a way that had been ufed and
trodden, which we followed until we came to another
■fpiing of water i we fearched narrowly about if, and found
io.!re. pieces of broken earthen diíhes and pots, and one
piece qf a chafing-diih? fuch as ^ Indians ufe to burn

Frankincenfe

— — —

Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 93

Frankincenfe in, in the Churches before their Saints i we
verily imagined that thefe were pieces of fuch inftruments
wherewith the Idolaters performed their duty unto their
Idol and we were the more comforted for that we knew
this earthen ware had been made in Mixcoh the Pine Tree
which immediately we difcovered confirmed our hopes.
When we came unto it we made very little more fearch, tor
neer at hand was the Cave, which was dark within but
light at the mouth, where we found more earthen ware,
with aihes in them, which aiTured us of fome Frankincenfe
that had been burned. We knew not how far the Cave
migh reach within, nor what might be in it, and there-
fore with a flint we ftruck fire and lighted a couple of
candles and went in '■> at the entring it was broad,, and
went a little forward, but when we were in, we found
it turn on the kit hand towards the mountain, and not
far i for within two rods we found the Idol ftanding upon
a low fiool covered with a linen cloth, ThefuMancc of it
was wood, black ihining like Jet, as if it had been painted
or fmoaked, the form was of a mans head unto the ihoulders
without either Beard or Muítachoes i his look was grim
with a wrinkled forehead, and broad ftartling eyes. We
feared not his frowning look, but prefently feized upon
him; and as we lifted him up we found under him fome
fingle Rials, which his Favorites had offered unto him i
which made us fearch more diligently the Cave i and it
was not amifs, for we found upon the graund more
fingle Rials, fome plantins and other fruits, wax candles
half burned, pots of Maiz, one little one of Hony, little
dimes wherein Frankincenfe had been burned, whereby
I perceived the Idolaters and Ghriftians both agreed in
their offerings i and had I not been informed that they
called this Idol their God J could have blamed them no
more than the reft of the Towns who worChip, kneel
before and offer fuch offerings unto their Saints made of
Wood, and fome no handfomer than was this Idol, which
I thought, might have been fome béafts (haps-, but being
the ihapeand form of a man, they might have named him
Cck . bf

7

394 A New Survey Chap. XX.

by the name of fame Saint, and Co fome way have excufed

ntíl\:bkhthrCrr]d n0f ^ ™ would they do
God & f^ in lhis ^> lM * was rheir
^Ä!5tCnand^cM Um° *Ä and being
afterwards asked by me, whether it were the picture of any
baint, fuch as were m Mixco, and other Churches, they
AS : 0i b^N he was aboye all the Sainton the

We were very joyful to fee r hat we had not fpent our

timen vain we cut down boughs of trees, and tilled the

Cave with them and flopped me mouth of it up, and came

away, making the India* that went with us carry the

idol on hi. back wrapped up i„ cloth, that it might not

be fee n or perceived as we went, f thought it fit to delay

rhc time tiWnigiif, and then to enter into Mixca, that the

Indians might ice nothing. So I itayed at one of the " Sp-

mards honks, fi!l it were late, and denied him to

warn from me all the Spaniards thereabouts to beat Ä*

X^hurch the next Sabbath, (fearing kit the Idolaters might

be many, and rife up againft me ) that I had fomewhat

tp fay unto them and their Blackmoors concerning their So.

dames tor I would not have them know of the IdoL

thl they heard oí it and faw it in theChaich, left it ihould

come to the Indians hearing, and fo the Idolaters might

¿bCcnt íhemfdves. A t night Í took my Indian, and Mhuel

Vaha with me, and went homeland fruiting. up the

Idohnacneft till the next Sabbath, 1 difmiffed the Indian,

charging him to fay nothing, for he knew if he did wkat

harm might come unto him from the Idolaters, and I

knew few words now would fuiSce, for that he feared

himielr, if k fhould be known that he had been with

a?c. I kept Miguel, Vaha with me, who was defi-

*oi« to fee the end of the bufinefs, and prepared my felf

againft the nextSababath to preach upon the 3. v. of the

3 0. or Exodus, Ihw /hah have none other Gods before me

though it were a Text nothing belonging to the GoP

pel ot the day, from whence commonly in the Church

of Rome t¿c laws and fubjedts of Sermons are deduced,

but ' '

lap. XX. of the Weft-Indies,

l iudaed that Text moft feafonabk for the prefcnt oc-
on On the Sabbath day in (he morning when tnc
Ipit' was made ready by him who had care oí the Church
I Altars, I caufed Miguel Dalva to cany under hi?
»k the ¿dol, and co leave it in the .Pulpit upon ^gtound
t it might not befcen, tiufuchtime as í ihould thinks
my Sermon to produce it, and to walk .bout the Church
the Congregation came in, that none might Ice it or
c it away. Never was there a greater refort from abroad
that Church than that day oí Spaniards and Blackmoors,
10 by the warning I fent unto them expeäed lome gieat
ittcr from me, and of the Town very f^ w«c abfcnf,
: F«e«re/andall thereit that were fufpefted to be tnat
¿Is favorites (little thinking that their God was brougU£
>mhis Cave,and now lay hid in the Pulpit to flume them^
mealfo thatday to Church, ¡commanded Miguel Vafoa
be himfelf near the Pulpit at Sermon time, and to warn
ok Spaniards that knew the bufinefs, and fotne more
ackmoors his friends to be alfo near the Pulpit ftairs.
Thus Mafs being ended, Í went up to preach ■, when I
tiearfed the words, of my Text, I perceived both Spa-
ards and Indians began to look one upon another, a§
)t being ufed to Sermons out of the Old Teftamenr. F
ent.on laying open this Command of God having no
her Gods before him, fo that the Doótiirie might ftem
convince ali that were there prefcnt, as Will Saint- wor-
ippcrs, as indeed thofe Idol-worihippers, if the caufe of
y preaching upon thatfubje£t had not diverted their eyes
3m themíelves to behold their' own guihinefs of Idolatry,
id to look only upon mofe who worihipped a piece of.
'ood for God,and not,as they did, for a Saint ( which yet in
y judgment was much alike. ) After I had fpoken what f
ought fit concerning that horrible fin, andihewed thai no
eature could have the power of God ( who was the
reatorofall things) neither could do good or harm with-
it the true living Gods Com million, eipecialiy inanimate
reatures asiiocks, and ftones, who by the hand and work-
tanfliip of man might have eyes, and yet were dead Idols,

and!

"

■

39¿ J New Survey Chap. X

and fee not, might have easrs and not feear, might ha
mouths, .and not fpcak, might have hands, and not woi
nor help or defend with them fuch as worihipped thei
and bowed down unto them.

Thus having half finiihed my Sermon, I bowed my J
down in the Pulpit, and lifted up the black, grim andifari;
DeviKand placed that Dagon on one fide of the Pulpit, wi
nay eyes fixed upon fomeoi the Fuentes and others, whe
perceived changed their colour, bluihed, and were fc
troubled, looking one upon another. I defired the Co
gregation to behoid what a God was worihipped I
fome of them, and all to take notice of him, if ai
linew what part of the earth was the Dominion of tt
God , or from whence he came. J told them that for
had boafted that this piece of Wood had fpoken , ar
preached againft what I had taught of Chrift, and th
¡Therefore he was Worihipped by them for God, and cH
Siad offered Mony, Hony, and of the Fruits of the ear
unto him, and burnt Frankincenfe before him in a fecr
and hidden Cave under the earth, (hewing thereby th
they were aihamed to own him publickly, and that I
lurking in the darknefs of the earth, (hewed certainly ih
he belonged to the Prince of darknefs. I challenged hii
there in publick to fpeak for himfelf, or elfe by íilence i
ihame and confound all his woríhippers. I (hewed thei
how being but wood, he had been made and faihioned fc
the hands of man, and therefore was but a dead Idc
I fpent a great deal of time arguing with him , an
defying Satan who had ufed him as his Ionrumenf, darin
the Devil himfelf to take him from that phce which
fed confined him to if he could, to ihsw what little powi
lie or Satan had againíí the power of my faith in Chril
Mermuch arguing and reasoning according to the ihalloi
Capacity of thv Jndiam prefent, 1 told them if that the;
God had power to deliver him .from that executioi
which i had intended againft him ( which was there put
Sickly to have him cut in pieces, and burnt) they flioul
not believe the Gofpel of Jefus Chnft ■•> but if they faw n

pow<

,p.< XX. o/ the Weft-Indies. 397

>ratallin him againft me the weaken ioftrumeni of
me Win* God, then I befeeched them to be com*.
"to "hat :«¿ God who created all things, and to
acefalvationbybisSon the only Mediatour and Sa.
r TefusChrift,and to renounce and abjure from that
. íll Heatheniih ldcnary of their forefathers alluring
n for what waspaft I would intercede tor them an
le them from what puniihment might be infixed
n them by the Prefident and Btfhop, and if they would
£ to me, I would fpend my beft endeavours for the
,ing and furthering rf them in the way of Chnftia-

\nd thus concluding without naming any perfon, I
ntdown outof the Pulpit, and caufed the Idol to be
Lht after me, and fending for an axe and for two or
eeg eat pans of coals, I commanded him to be hewen
very fmall pieces, and to be call in the fire and burned
SealT the people in the midft of the Church. The
aniards cried out joyfully VmoñaViüoña and others re-
ated, Gloria Á nojiro Dios, Glory to our God : the Id ola-
tSheíd their peace and fpake not then a word. But af-
awards they aäed moft fpightfully againft me, and
«fpireddayand night to get me at fome advantage,
id to kill me. I writ to the Prefident of Guatemala sn-
-iming him of what 1 had done, and to the Biíhop ( asan
,qaifi?of to whom fuch cafes of Idolatry did belong) to
.informed from him of what courfe 1 . (hould . talic with
le Indians who were but in part yet difcover d unto me,
nd thofeonly by the relation of one Indian From both
received great thanks for my pains m fearebmg the
retain, !nd finding out thefdel, and for my zea in
^ning of it. And «touching the Indian Idolaters their
•ounfel untóme was, that 1 ihould further enquire after
he reftand difcover as many as Icould, and endeavour to
:onvert them to the knowlege of the true God by fair and
[weet means, (hewing pity unto them for their great
blindnefs,and promiüng them upon their repentance par-,
don from the ¿nquifition, which conlidenog them to be

!|

398 A New Survey Chap. J

but new plants, ufcthnótfuch rigour with them, whicl

uiethwith Spaniards, if they fall into fuch horrible i

This advice I followed, and ient privately for the Fwn

to my chamber, and told them how merciful the inqu

tion was unto them, expecting their converííon a

amendment. They feerned fomwhatftubborn and ane

for that I had burned that Go 1, whom not only they b

many others in the Town, and alio in the Town of Jai

John Sacatepeques did worfliip. Í ufed reafons to perfwa

them no honour was due unto it, as to a God. But one

them boldly replyed, that they knew that it was a piece

wood and of it felf could not fpe3k,but feeing it had fpoki

( as they were all witneffes ) this was a miracle wherel

they ought tobe guided, and they did verily believe th

God was in that piece of wood, which lince the foeec

made by it was more than ordirbry wood, having God bin

felf in it, and therefore deferved more offering and ador;

tion than thofe Saints in the Church, who did never fpel

unto the people. I told them that the Devil rather ha

framed that ipeech ( if any they had heard J for to deceh

their fouls and lead them tohtll; which they might eaiil

percesve from the Dodrine which I was informed he ha

preached againg Chrilt the only begotten Son of Go(

whom the Father loveth and in whorn he is well pleafet

and againa whom he certainly would not fpeak in tha

Idol Another anfwered boldly, our forefathers never knei

what Chrift was, until the Spaniards came unto ths

Countrey b but they knew there were Gods, and di

worfliip them, and did fjcriftce unto them ; and for ough

they knew this God of theirs belonged in old times unti

their forefathers. Why then, I faid unto them, he was

weak God who by my hand h-J¿r been burned > I per

ceived that at that nine there was no reafoning with them

for they were fíubborn and captious, and fo 5 difmiifo

them. HadnotGodmoitgraciouily prou&ed me againf

thtfe my enemies, I had certainly been murthered b]

them vior a month after the burning of the Idol, wher

I thought all had been forgotten, and that the Idolater

wen

ip. XX: of the WeíUndics. 399

: quiet, then they began to ad (heir fpight and malice,
:hfirft I diicovered by a noife which once at midivght
iard of people about my houfe, and at my chamber
rWo whom] calPd out from my bed not daving to
o, but could have no anfwer from thsm. I perceived
r would have come in^vjorce, for they puihed hard
he door. Whereupon I tooTfuddainly the fhects from'
ny Bed, tying them with a ftrong knot together, and
h another to a bar of the;window, making my felfready
all down by them to the ground, and To to flie in the
k night, if they had ufed violence to come in. The
its being thus prepared, and they tfill at the door thrufr-
without any word from them, Í thought by calling and
ing out aloud I might affright them away. Wherefore
h a ihrill voice I calFd tirft to my fervants, who were

boys, and lay at the further end of a long Gallery, then
ryed out to the neigbouring houies to come and ailift
agarnfi; thieves* The fertanrs had heard the noife and
re awake, who prefently at my call came out \ and
:h their coming my enemies ran down the Hairs, and
re heard no more that night. But I perceiving which
y their fpight and malice was bent, thought fit to be no
ire alone in the night, with boys only in io great a houfe
was that of Mixco > whereupon the nest day I fent for
' trufty friend Miguel Valva who was able to fight alone
thany half dozen of Indians, wiihinghirn to bring with
n what weapons he could get for my defence. I kept him
th me a fortnight ? and the next Sabbath f g3ve warning
the- Church, that whofoe ver came in the night to my
3ufe to affright me, or to do me any other mifchief ihould
>k to himielf, for that I had weapons, both offensive and
fenfive. Though for a while I heard no more of them9
t they defined not altogether from their evil and mali-
>us intents i for knowing that Miguel Valva did not lie

the chamber with me, a fortn%ht after ( I being till
out midnight with my Candle ftudying) they 'came
i the (lairs fo foftly that I heard them not •, but the
tc\moQt being awake it feems perceived that they were

M coming

r

400 A New Survey Chap. X

coming lijp, and fbftly arofe up from a long Table where
lay upon a Mat, and took in his hands a couple of biii
bars of many which lay under the tabic for a work whic
had in hand, and as he opened the door made a 111
noife which was to them an item to flie down 1
fiares, and to xm\ ( as they thought ) for their lives. 1
Mxchr>wn did alio run after their), and finding they Y
got to5 much advantage of him, and not knowing wh
way they might take, fent after them with a fury his v
brick bats, wherewith he fuppofed he did hit one of the
for the next day walking about the Town he met wi
one? oí the Fuentes having #Cap on his head, and he j
quired of fome Indians what he ail, d, and he underfto
by them that his Bead was bioke, but how they knew n
.They perceiving that I was thus guarded by Miguel Dah
defifted from that time from coming any more in the nig
Unto my houfe, but yet defiitcd not from their fpight a
malice and from acting mifchicf againft me. F^r a mor
after, when 1 thought that all had been forgotten, and th
feerned outwardly to be kind and courteous, there cami
riieífengéi; to me from the oldeft of them, named Pa,
it Fuentes, to teli me that he was very fick, and like
die and defued me to go to comfort and inftrud: him
the truth, for that he truly defired to be converted,
conceived very great joy at this news, and doubted not
the truth and certainty of it, and prayed to God to dire
me in the converiion of that foul i and fo with hafle ai
good zeal, S went unto his houfe, where foon my joy ai
comfort was turned into bitternefs^ for when 1 came
the door of bis houfe, and was with one ikp entred.
found all the brothers of Pablo Fuentes, and lome otht
who were fuípeékd to be Idolaters, fitting round t
room i and miffing^ Pablo, 1 withdrew my boot a litt!
and asked them where he was, miiirufting fomewhat
fee them that all gathered together h but when" I pe
¿lived that they iicod not up, nor anfvvered me a wor
11W io much as took off their hats to me, then I began
fear indeed, and to tofpc& fouie treachery i and fo í Surm
•■ ■ ba<

hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 401

ck refolving to go home again. Bui no footer was I
med, but behold Pablo Fuentes ( who by his meilage had
gned both ficknefs and convesfion ) came from behind
s houfe with a Cudgel in his hand, lifting it up to (Hike
e. Had I. not catched held of his ftick with both my
nds, and prevented the intended blow, certainly he had
uck me down. But whilft he and I were ftriving for
ie ftick who ihould be mafter of it, the reft oí the Indians
ho were fitting in the houie, came out into the yard
which being a Publick place was more comfort to me than
they had compafítd me about within the houfe ) ana
:fet me round, fome pulling me one way, fome another^
:aring my cloaihs in two or three places, another to make
lelet go my hand from the ftick with a knife run me into
ie hand ( which to this day a fmall fear doth witnefs)
id certainly had we not been in a publick yard, that
irty had alfo have run his knife into my fides ; another
:eing I would not let go the ftick, took hold of it withr
ablo and both together thruft it againft my mouth, and
nth fuch ftrength that they broke fome of my teeth, and
lied my mouth with gore blood, with which blow { fell,
ut foon recovered my felf and arofe 5they laughing at me,
ut not daring to do me any more harm for fear they
íould be feen, as Qod would have feen what already they
ad done i for a NJulaita ilave to a Spaniard in the Valley,
t that very time when I was down tod riiing paiTcd by,
nd hearing me cry out for help to the neighbours ( who
¡ved fomewhat far oáf that might help, and fuccour me,
Dr all the houfes thereabouts were of the brothers the
7 'mntes ) came into the yard, and feeing me all in blood
nought I had been mortal!/ wounded, and calling them
nurtherers, ran along the iirees crying, Murther, murther
n Pablo Fuentes his yard, till íhe came to the Market-
place and Town-houfe, where íhe found the Maiors and
[urats fitting; and a coupieof Spamards, who when they
íeard of my danger, with drawn fwords came prefently
unning with ail the officers of Juitice to the yard of Pablo
7mntes to aid and affift me? but in the mean while the I-

dohtas

40X A Nen> Surrey Chap. XX

dolaters perceiving the outcry of the Malaria, began to fall
away and to hide themfelves '•> Pablo Fuentes going to (hut
up his houfe alfo to abient himfelf , I held him hard to ir¿
ftriving with him that he might not efcape away till iome
help came unto me. The Spaniards when they came and
faw me all in blood, made JFuriouÜy to Pablo Fuentes with
their naked Swords, whom 1 flopped defiring them not to'
hurt him, left what harm they did unto him ihould be
imputed unto me. I wiihtd the juftice rot to fear him
"though he were a rich Indian, and as rhey would anfwer
before the Prefidcnt of Guatemalato lay bold of him, and
to carry him to Prifon, which they prefently performed,;
1 made the Spaniards and the Mutatta to witnefs under
writing by way of information what they had feen, what
blood about my clothe?, what wound in my hand, what
blow in my mouth they had found, and ient withfpeed to
the 'Prefidenc of Guatemala this their information. The
butinefs was foon hoifed about the valley, whereupon moil
of the Spaniards came to offer their help and aid unto me,
Miguel Valva alio chancing to be near at a Spaniards houfe
In the fame valley came with the reft, who would have
done that night fome mifchief among the Indiansii I had
not prevented them. I défíred them to depart and go
home to their houies, telling them S feared nothing, and
tlia t"M/g«e/ Dalva his company would be guard enough
unto me. But they would by no means yield unto this,
faying that night might prove more dangerous unto me
than I imagined, and that 1 needed a ftronger guard than
of one man alones for they conceived that the idolaters
knowing what already they had dpnc and fearing what
grievous puniihment night be inflidted upon them fr»m
the Prefident of Guatemala^ ieeing themfelves loft and
undone men, might defperar/ly that night refcue their
brother out of prifon, and attempt fome mifchief againft
tñe, and to flie away. Which 1 could not be brought to
fear, or to believe any fuch thing of their cowardly fpiritsy
nor that they ihould flie away, for that they had houfes and
fend therein and about the Town, yet 1 was willing fot?

íhap. XX. oftheWcft-lndks: 40?

cíe night to yield to have a fironger Guard of Spaniards
lan at other times I had had with Blackamoor Miguel
)alva alone. After Supper they kept watch about my houfe
11 fuch time as they perceived all was hill, and the Indian*

bed, and then theyfeta watch about the Prifcn that
^AbU Fuentes might not be taken out; aH after this

pretending that they were in danger as well avL being
ut about a dozen, if the Town ihould all rife and^tiny
,y the fuggeftion of the Idolaters, who moft of them w^g
ich and powerful with the reft which yet I feared not)
hey would needs go and raife up the two Alcaides or
4aiors alone, with two more petty officers to make fearch
bout the Town for the reft of the Fuentes and other
[nown Idolaters i that being found they might fecure them
n the Prifon to appear at Guatemala, and prevented from
loing any mifchief either that night, or at any other time.
Nlth this ftir which they made, and their care of me,
hey fuffeied me not to take any reft that night ; but went
ind called up the Alcaldes and two Officers and brought
¡hem to my houfe, defiringme to fignine unto them, how
it má neceffary it was to fearchfor the reft of the Indians*
rhé poor Alcaldes trembled to fee fo many Spaniards at
hat time in my houfe with naked Swords, and durtt not
jut do what they thought beft to be done, and fo from my
houfe about midnight they walked about the Town*
fearching fuch houfes as they moft fufpe&ed might con-
Leal any of the Fuentes, or of the reft that been that
jay in the rebellion and mutiny againft me: They could
ünd none at home, till at laft coming to the Houfe of one
Lorenzo Fuentes, one of the Brothers, they found all that
had been in the confpiracy againft me, gathered together
drinking and quaffing. The houfe being befet there was
no flying nor efcaping, and feeing the Spaniards naked
Swords, they durft not rebel, whodoubtlefs (as we were
afterwards informed ) would have made a great ftir in
the Town that night, and were met together to refcue
Pablo their brother, and to do me Come mifchief
aad flic, not knowing that I was fo ftiongly man-
Pd ned

4©4 rJ New Survey Chap. XX

med and Guarded by the Spaniards. There were ten c
them, and were prefently without any noife in the Towi
carried tcthe Frifon, and there ftiut up, and Guarded b
the Spaniards.

In the mowing the Prefident of Guatemala (who thei
was Von fé*n de Guzman; z Religious Governour) taking
intohi^confideration what the day before I had writ unti
him, and judging my danger to be great, fent a Spauifl
¿iguazile, or Officer of Juftice with a very large Com
mitfion to bring prifoners in the City all thofe Indian,
who the day before had been in rebellion againft me, anc
in cafe they could not be found, then to the feize upon wha
Goods foever of theirs could be found in Mixto. But witl
the diligence of the Spaniards the night before they wer<
all in a readinefs for him, and paying the Alguazile fiif
his charges ( which he demanded as he lined ) and bearing
the charges of Migael Valva, and two or three mor(
Spaniards, who were commanded in the Kings name tc
be aiding and alining the Officer" for the fafer carrying
them to Guatemala, they were horfed and had away thai
day to the Prefident, who commited them clofe Prifoners,
and afterwards commanded them tobe whipped about th<
Street?, baniihed two of them from Mixco to the Golf oi
St. Ibomas de Gafiilia, and would have baniihed them all,
had they not humbled themfelves, and defired me to in-
tercede for them, promifing to amend their lives, and tc
make me great fatisfaction, if they might return again to
their Town, and that if ever more they did ftir againft me.
they would yield to be hanged and to lofe all their Goodsi
With this the Prefident (fining them yet to pay twenty
Crowns a piece to the Church to be imployed in what I
fiiould think fitteft) fent them back i who as they had
promifed, came unto me, and humbled themfelves before
me with much weeping, wiih many expreffions, (hewing
their forrow from their hearts for what they had done,
carting all upon the Devil, whom they conftiTed had been
great with them in tempting them, whom alfo now they
did abjure and renounce, promiffing to live as good

Chiiftians.

Jhap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. tff

hriftians, and never moie to worihip any-Gcd but one.
was very much taken with iheir deep íorrow exprciTed
ith many tears, and endeavoured to Mhu& them in the
ue knowledge of Chrift, whom now I fed they were
ery willing to imbrace. Hived not very longer in that
own i but for the time I did continue in it, Mound a
reat change and alteration in their lives, which trujy
iade me apt to judge that their repentance was unfair,
ndthefe former particulars of a few Indians of thofe two-
owns, 1 have not here inferted to bring an a<P"Gon
pon all that nation, ( which I do very much afc.it, and
iould willingly fpend the heft drops oí bloud m my veins
) do them good and to fave their fouls) but to cauie rather
ity and commiferation towards them, who after fo
lany years preaching have been made as >*tt but formal
nd outward Chriftians, and by the many Samtstf Wood,
^hich tbey have been taught to worihip by the Hieits,
ave rather been inclined to the fupeiftition and Idolatry
f their Forefathers, and to truft to living Creatures, and
owto inanimate flocks and fiones, which they dayly Lc
erformed publickly in their Churches. Cartainly they are
f a good and flexible nature, and ( were thofe Idols of
iaints Statues removed from their eyes) might be brought
afily to worihip one only God, and whereas they io
villingly laviih out their fmsll means and what they
ibour for, in offerings to their Priefts and to their Saints*
nd in maintaining laiy llnging Lubbards, they without
loubt would be free trough to true Minifters of Gods
tford, who ihould venture their lives to beat down thole
alie Gods, and fet up Jefus Chrifl, and him that fent him
nto the World to fave fuch as truly believe in him.

The year that this flir happened in Mixco, I received
"rem Komi from the General of the Dominicans Order»
Licence to come home to England; at which 1 rejoyced
nuch, for now 1 was even wearer v^ith living amongft the
Indians, and grieved to fee the little fruit 1 reaped amongft.
iherri, and that for fear of the Incjuiíition I dürft not preach
i new Gofpel unto them, which might make them true,
Dd 2 »e*l

4©tf J New Survey XX. Chap.

real, and inward Ghriftians •, and Iaftly, for that I perceived
that Antonio Méndez de SatomayorJ who was Lord of the
Town of Mixco ) d»<¿ftomach me for having caufed two oí
his Town to ¡»e baniihed, and publickly affronted the
Tttentes for "ráf Idolatry, which he thought was a great
afperfion^id upon his Indians.

All which well coniidered I writ unto the Provincial
(vtfo was then in Cbiap* J of my delire to return home
40 mine own Country, for the which I had a Licence fent
unto riie from Rome. But he having heard of what good
1 had done in the Town of Mixco in reducing fome Idola-
ters, burning their Idol, and venturing my Life in ib good
a caufe i and alfo for the perfect knowledge which now I
had of the Poconcbi tongue, would by no means yield that
I íhould go j but with fair and flattering words incouraged
me to ftay, where he doubted not, but I did, and I might
yet do God much more good Service : and that he might
the better work upon me, he fent me a Patent of Vicar oí
the Town and Cloifter of Amatitlan, where at the prefent
there was a new Cloifter a building to feparate all that
valley from the Cloifter of Guatemala. He defired me to
accept of that fmall preferment, not doubting but that I
fpeaking fo well the Indian language might prevail much in
«hat place, and better than another, to further the building
of that new Cloifter i which work would be a good ftep
for him to advance me afterwards to fome better prefer-
ment. Although I regarded neither that prefent Superio-
rity, nor any better Honour which might afterwards enfue
untóme, I thought the time which God had appointed for
my returning to England was not yet come ; for that if
the Provincial, and with him the Prefident oí Guatemala
( for fo much Í conjectured cut of the Provincials letter )
íhould both oppofe and hinder my departure from thai
Country, it would be very hard for me to take my Journey
any way, and not be difcoveredranil brought back. Where-
upon I refolv'd to ftay the Profinciais coming to Guate-
mala, and there to confer with him face to face, and to (hew
him fome rcafons that moved me to leave that Country,

and

:hap.XX. of the Weft-Indies. 4<>7

nd io feek again mine own wherein I was born. So for

norPe occafions St getting Mony than in the other tvvo
vhere I had lived five full years, for albeit hat Town
Jone was bigger than both Mixco and Finóla together,
&W of Saints pictures and Statues and
/cry many Fraternities and Sodalities belonged unto it ,
xfidcs this from without the Town I had great ^comings in
from the Ingenio of Sugar, which as I related before flood
íofe unto that Town, from whence I had dayly offerings
from the Black-mom w¿ Spaniards that lived in it and
be fides this I had under my charge another leffer Town
called St. Cbrifioval de Amatitlan, ftanding two leagues
from great Amatttlan. This Town of St. Cbrifioval or
St. Chriñophr, is called properly in that language, Pahnba,
ha, fianifying Water, and Tali, to ftand upright and is
cornpoundedSof two words, which exprefs Water ftanding
upright, for the Town ftandeth on the backfide oí the
Vulcan of Water, which looketh over Guatemala, and on
this fide fendeth forth many Fountains, but efpecially
Spouteth iorth from a high rock a Stream °f Water which
aslt falleth from high with a great noife and down-til , the
rock ftanding upright over the bottom where it falleth,
and caufeth a moftPleafant Stream by the Towns fide, it
hath moved the Indians to call their Town ?#*fa\ rom
the high and upright ftanding rock, from whence the Water
falleth In this Town there are many rich Indians, wno
trade in the coaft of the South Sea; the Town is an har-
bour (Mowed with many Fruitful Trees i but the chief
Fruit here is the Pinna, which gioweth in every lanyard
and with the neamefs of the Ingenio of Sugar, are by the
Spaniards thereabouts much made up in Prives, fome
whole, fome in ilices, which is the dairmeft and molt
lufcious Prefervc that I ever did eat in that Country. The
Indians oí this Town get much by boards of Cedar, which
they cut out of many Cedar-Trees, which grow on that fide
of the Vulcan, which they fell to Guatemala and all about
the Country for new buildings.

3 D d 3 Between

40 8

á New Survey Cháp. XX.

Between great Amatitlan and this Town the way is
plain, and lieth under a Vulcan of fire, which formerly was
wont to fmoak as much as that of Guatemala; but having
formerly burlt out at the top, and there opened a great
mouth, and caft down to the bottom mighty ftones (which
to this day are to be feen ) it hath not fin-e been any ways
troublefome unto the Country. In this way there was in
my time new a Trapiche of Sugar ere&ing up by mr.John
Baptifia of Guatemala, which was thought would prove
very ufeful, and profitable unto the forefaid City. I had
yet for the time that 1 lived in Amatitlan another very
little Village at my charge, called Pampichi at the bottom
of a high mountain on the other tide of the Lake over
againft if, which was but a Chappel of eafe unto great
Amamlan, unto which I went not above once in a quarter
of a year, and that for paitrne and recreation, for this
Village is wdi in that Language a compound alfo of Pant,
in, and Vkhi flowers, for that it ilandcth compared about
with flowers which make it very pleafant, and the boats
or CanoY which do conitantly Hand near the doors of
the houfes, invite to muchpleafure offiihing and rowing
about the Lake.

And thus whilft I lived in Amatitlan I had the choice of
thrte places wherein to recreate my felf, and becaufe the
charge of many fouls lay in my hands, I had one confiantly
to help me. The Town of Amatitlan was as the Court in
refpeór of the reft, where nothing was wanting that might
recreate the mind and facisfie the Body with variety and
change of fubftance, both for Fiih and Flefh. Yet the great
care that did lie upon me in the work and building of the
Cloifter, made me very foon weary of living in that great
and pleafant Town \ for fometimes I had thirty, iometimes
twenty^ fometimes fewer, and fomefimes forty work men
to look unto, and to pay wages to* on Saturday nights,
which I found wearied much my brain, and hindred my
imdies* and was befides a work which Í dilightcd not in,
nor had any hopes ever to enjoy it. And therefore after
the firft year that I had been there I betook my felf to

the

Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 409

the Provincial, who was in Guatemala, and again cavncftly
bcfought him to peruie the Licence which I had from
Komt to go to England mine own Country for to preach
there ( tor that was the chief ground of letting me gp
home, as the General largely expreiTed) where 1 doubted
not but I might do God great iervice, and in, Conkience
I told him 1 thought I was bound to employ what parts
God had beftowed upon me, rather upon my own
Countrymen, than upon Indians and ftrangers. The Pro-
vincial replyed unto me that my Contrymen were He-
reticks, and when Icameamongü them they would hang
me up, I told them, I hoped better things of them, and
that 1 would not behave my fclf amongft them fo as to de-
ierve hanging." not daring to tell him what was in my
heart concerning points oí Religion. After a long difcourle
Hound the Provincial inexorable, and half angry, telling
me that he and that whole province had caft their eyes
upon me, and honoured me, and were ready and willing
to promote me further, and that I would (hew my felt
very ungrateful unto them, if I mould forfake them for
my own nation and people, whom I had not known from
my young and tender age. I perceived there was no more
to be faid, and all would be in vain, and fo refolv'd to
take my beft opportunity, and with my Licence from Rome
to come away unknown unto him. But for the prefent I
humbly befeeched him to remove me from Am&t'rtlan, for
that I found my felf unable to undergo that great charge,
and too weak for that ftrong work>tbat war then building.
With much ado he would be brought to this, alledging
what an Honour it was to be a Founder and builder of a
new Cloifter, in whofe walls my very name would be en-
graved to pofterity, all which I told him 1 regarded not,
but efteemed more.of my health and a quiet mind, than of
fuch preferments and vanities. Upon which at hft he con-
defcended to my requeft, and gave me order go to Prta-
pa, and that the Vicar of Petapa ihduld go to finito the
work of Awatitlan, In Petapa I lived above a twelve
month, with great eafes pleafure and content fpi all things

Dd 4 wordly

4 1 o • ^ ÉÉÍ Survey Chap. XX.

Wor^ty and outward •, but within I had ftill a worm of
Conscience, gnawing this gourd that fhadowed and de-
lighted me with wordly contentment. Here I grew more
and more troubled concerning fome points of Religion,
dayly wiihing with David, that I had the wings of a
Dove, that I might flie from that place of dayly Idolatry
into England, and be at reft. I refolvM therefore to put
on a good courage, and relie wholly upon my God,
knowing that the Journey was hard and dangerous, and
might bring ihame and trouble unto me, if 1 ihould be
taken in the way flying and brought back to Guatemala;
here! weighed the affliction and reproach which might
enfueuntome, after fo much Honour, pleafure, and wealth
which I had enjoyed for about twelve years in that Coun-
try •, but in another balance of better confideration, I
weighed the trouble of a wounded Confcience, and the
Ipiricual joy and comfort *h at I might enjoy at home with
the people oí God, and fo refolutely concluded upon that
place of Hek i 1. 15. 26. 27. with Mofes, to choofe rather
to fuffer affli&ion with the people of God ( who as Paul
well obferveth, ilheff. 3. ?. are appointed thereunto', and
again Phil. 1. 29. unto whom it is given in the behalf of
Chsift, not only to believe in him, but alfo to fuffer for his
fake ) than to enjoy the pleafures of fin tor a feafon i eftee-
ming the reproach of Chrift greater riches than the treafures
in Egypt. So for fakhand a iVe confcience I nowpurpofed
Sikewife with Mofes to forfake\ Egypt , not fearing the wrath
of the Preiident the Kings own Deputy , nor of the Provin-
cial and my beft friends s but to indure all this f if I ihould
be taken ) as feeing him who is invifible. I thought this
was a bufmefs not tobe conferred with fleih and bloud,
left the beft friend knowing of it ihould bítray me i yet on
ihe other fide, I thought it hard to flie alone without fome
friends for the firft two or three days Journey i and befides
haying many things to fell away to make Mony of, I
thought 1 were better to imploy fome trufty friend, than to
dp all alone. I thought of none fitter than Miguel Dalva>
!$0Ü* fy !9n$experi|ncelkr3ewtp be true and ciufty, an4

1

lapJ XX. ®/ the Weft-Indies: 41 1

it afmall money matter would content him-, whom I
it for to Finóla, and charging him with fccrecy, I told
n I had a Tourney for my confcience fake to make to
me(\ would not tell him that 1 intented England, left
e good old Bhck-moor (hould grieve, thinking nevermore
fee me, and for the love he bare me, and mtereft he had
any times from me, he mould by difcovering my intent,
ek to ftop me ) which I would have none to know of but
mfelf, not doubting but return again, as he knew many
id taken the like Tourney, and returned within two years.
The Black-wor offered himCelf to go with me, which I re-
ifed, telling him that the feas would be too hard for his old
jc to endure, and that asa Blac^-moor in forain Countries
e might be flopped and apprehended for a fugitive •, which
safon he liked well, and offered himfelftogo with me as
ir as the fea fide ; for which 1 1 hanked him and employed

0 fell me away fome Mules, Wheat and Maiz which I had,
nd what elfe might pafs through his hands. As for many
ich pictures which hung in my Chamber, I thought the
[own of Fttapa would buy them for their Church, and
>ropounded it unto the Governour, who willingly accepted
)f them. Moft of my books, chefts, cabinets, quilts, and
nanygood pieces of houihold fluff by the pains and in-
iuftry of Miguel ( whom I kept with me for the fpace of
two Months before I came away ) I fold to Guatemala, re-
fcrving only two Petaca's or leathern chefts, with fome
books and a quilt for my Journey. When I had fold all that

1 intended, 1 found I had in Spanifh money near 9000
pieces of Eight, which I had got in twelve years that 1 lived
in that Countrey. So much Mony I thought would be too
cumberfome for along Journey, whereupon I turned above
four thoufand of them into pearls and fome precious fiones,
Which might make my carriage the lighter i the reft I laid
up in bags, fomelfowed into my quilt, intending in the
way to turn them into Spanifh Pifiols. Thus the chief pro-
vifion being made of Mony, I took care for Chocolatte and
fome Conferves, for the way, which were foon provided.
Now becaufe | confidercd that my flight the firft week muft

be

4 l * A New Survey Chap.X.

newith fpeed, and that my cherts could not poft day a
ight asmyfelf intended to do i I thought offending r
carriage four days at leaft before me; and not daring
truft any Indian oí f etapa, I fent to Mixes for one fpec
Indian friend whom I had there, who knew the way th
I was to travel very well i to whom I opened my min
and offered him what money I knew would content hir
and at midnight fent him away with two Mules, one f
himfelf,and another for my/chefts, wiihing him to ket
on travelling towards St. Miguel, or Nicaragua till
gave him the advantage of four days and nights, and the
relolutely with my good Blac\moor in my compaay,leavin
the key of my chamber in my door, and nothing but ol
papers within, when all the Indians wete faft afleep, I ba.
adieu unto Petafa and to the whole Valiy, and to all m
friends throughout America.

CHAP. XXI.

Skewing my journey from the Town of Petapa, znh
England, and jome chief faff ages in the way.

THe chief thing which troubled me in my refoiv'd
purpofe to come home, was the choice of the fafefi
way i which made me utterly forfake the Gulf ( though
the eafieft way of all, and that Sea neareft to the place
where I lived )for that I knew I ihould meet there with
many of my acquaintance, and the fetting out of the ihip«
was fo uncertain, that before they departed, order
might come from Guatemala to ftop me i if I ihould go by
land through Comayagua or truxilla, and there wait for
the (hips, like wife I feared left the Governour of that place
by fome item from the Preíídent of Guatemala might exa-
mine me, and fend me back, and that the Matters of the
íhips might have charge given them not to receive me

into

Chap. XX. of the Wcft-Indics. 4* J

nto their (hips. Ifl ihould go back to Mexico' and Vera
Iruz, then I called to mind, how I was troubled in that
?ng Journey, when I came firft to Clñapa in company of
riends, and that now alone I ihould certainly be much
mt to it, for I would carry Miguel Valva (o far by land with
ne. Wherefore rejecting thefe three waysj chofe the fourth,
vhich was by Nicaragua and the Lake of Granada i and
;hercfore I deferred my Journey till the week after Cbrifr-
n*s, knowing that the time of theFrigats fettiog out from
:hat lake to the Havana was commonly after the middle of
January, or at Candlemas at the furtheft, whither I ho-
ped to reach in very good time. Now that I might by no
means be fufpe&ed to have taken this way *, before I went
I left by the hand of Miguel Valva a letter to a friend
of his to be delivered to the Provincial in Guatemala, four
days after my departure, wherein I kindly took my leave
of him defiring him not to blame me nor to feek afcer me,
and whereas I had a fufficient Licence fiom Rome, and
could not get his, that I thought I might with a fafe
Gonfcience go where I was born, leaving Linguifts enough
tofupply my place amongft the Indians. And becaufe he
ihould not make enquiry after me by Nicaragua, I dated
and iubferibed my letter to him from the Town of St.
Antonio Suchutepeques, which was the way to Mexico and
quire contrary to Nicaragua*

The next day after Twelfth day, being the feventh of
January, 1637. at midnight I fet out of Petapa upon a
lufty Mule (which afterwards in the svay I fold for fourfcore
pieces of Eight) with Miguel Valva alone i and the nr ft
part of the way being very hilly we could not go fo faft as
our hearts would have ported i for if was break of day
before we could get to the top of the Mountain, which is
called Serró Redondo, or the round hill i which is much men-
tioned in that Country, for the good pafture there which
fervethfor the Cattel and Sheep, when the valleys below
are burnt and no grafing left for Beafts. This hill is alfoa
great refuge to Travellers, for there they find good enter-
tainment in a Venta, where wine and Provifion is fold, and

4*4 J New Surrey

Chap. XXL

is a great Lodge, for to lay up dry what carriages they
bring; there is befides one of the beft Eftancia's or Farms oí
Cattelm the Countrey, where of Goats and Ewes milk is
made the beft cheefe thereabouts. This round'hill or moun-
tain is five leagues from Petapa, where I feared I might
meet with fome people oiPetapa, and therefore the day
now dawning I made haft by it, leaving in the lodge afleep
many Indians, who attended on two Spamfi Requa's oí
Mules, which that day were to go to Petapa •, four leagues
further from this Seno Redondo is a Town of Indians called
Lor Efclavos, or the Slaves, not that now they are more
flaves than the reft of the Indians, but becaufein the old
time of Montezuma the Emperour, and the Indian Kings
that were under him, the people of this Town were more
flaves than any other, for from Amatitlan ( which is fo cal-
led from Amat, which in the Mexican tongue fignificth
Letter, and Man which fignifieth Town, for that it was
the Town of Letters as fome fay, for a rind of a tree,
whereon they were wont formerly to write and exprefs'
their minds, or becaufe it was the place whither from all
parts letters werefent to be carried about the Countrey, and
to Pern) thefe Indians of the Town of EfcUvos or flaves,
were commanded as flaves to go all about the Countrey
with letters or whatfoever elfe they ihould be charged
with i and they were bound conftantly to fend every week
fomany of their Town (as were appointed) unto Amatitlan,
there to wait and attend the plsafure of that Town for the
conveying of letters, or any carriages to other parts.

This Town of los Efclavos ftandeth in a bottom by a ri-
ver, over the which the Spaniards have built a very ftrong
flonc Bridge to go in and out of the Town, for otherwile
with Mules there is no paflfing by reafon of the violent and
rapid Stream of the Water, and many rocks in, the River,
from which the water falleth down with great force.
From this Town f where we only ftay'd to d?ink a cup of
Chocolatte and to bait our Mules ) we went on that day to
Aguacbapa, being ten leagues further, and not far from
the South Sea and the Port called 1?« la trinidad; whither

we

:hap. XXI. o/ the Weft-Indies. 4 1 5

"e came towards evening, having that day and part of the
tight travelled about threefcore Englijh miles up hills and
"pon fiony wayes from the ILfclavos unto thi-s Town -,
vhich is much mentioned in that Country for two things,
rhe one is for the eatthen ware which is made there (as iome
hink; exceeding that of Mixco. The other is for a place
within a Mile and a half from the Town, which the Spa-
wards do credibly report and believe to be a mouth of hell.
For out of it there is conftantly afcending a thick black
imoak fmelIingofBiimftone,with fomeflaihesnowand then
Df fire ; the earth from whence this fmoakaiifeth is not high,
but low. None ever durft draw nigh to find out the truth and
ground of it i forthofe that have attempted todo it, have
been ftricken down to the ground and like to lofe their lives.
A friend of mine a Fryer ( whom I thought verily I might
believe) upon his oath affirmed unto me, that travelling
that way with a Provincial he rcfolv'd to go unto the place,
and fatisüe himfelf of the ground and caufcofthe Orange
talk which was every where about the Country concer-
ning that fmoak. He went within a quarter of a mile of it,
and prefently, he faid, he heard a hideous noife, which to-
gether with the flench or the fiery fmoak and brimftone,
itruck him into fuch a fear that he was like to fall to the
ground, and retiring himfelf with all fpeed was taken with
a burning feaver, which was like to ccft him his life.
Others report that drawing near unto it, they have heard
great cries as it were of men and women in torment, noife
of iron, of chains, and the like, which ( how limply I leave
it to my Judicious Reader ) maketh them believe that it is
a moutííof hell. Of my knowledge I will fay no more, but
that I faw the fmoak, and asked the Indians what was the
caufe of it > and if ever they had been near unto it ? And
they anfwered me, that they could not imagine what might
be the caufe of it, neither durft they draw nigh unto it j and
that they had feen Travellers, attempting to go near it,
and that they were all itriken either to the ground, or
with for* fuddain amazement, of a fever. I told them
that I would walk thither my fe!f , a¿id they defired

me

4 1 6

A New Survey Chap.XXi.

me that I would nof, if I loved my Life. It was not yet for
all this report the fear of being i'o near the Spaniards hell
(as they call it ) that made me haüe with fpeed out of
that Town, but fear of fome meffengtrs that might come
after me to flop my Journey. For at midnight I departed
from thence, and went to break my fart to a great Town
called Cbahuapan, where the Indians made very much of
me, being Pocomanes, who fpake the Poconcbi or Pocoman
tongue which I had learned. They would willingly have
had roe to flay with ihtm and preach unco them the next
Sabbath, which I would have done, had not a better defign
called upon me to make hafte.

Here 1 was troubled, how I ihould get through St.
Salvador y which was a City of Spaniards , and wherein
there was a Cloiftcr of Dominicans, whom I feared moft of
all, beeaufe I was known by fome of them. My refolution
was therefore when I came near unto the City , to turn
out of my way to a Spaniards Farm, as ifi had loft my
way, and there to delay the time till evening in drh king
Chocolatte, difcourhng, and baiting my mules well, that
io I might travel all that night, and be out of the reach of
that City and Fryers ( who lived in Indian Towns about it)
the next morning, early. This City of S. Salvador is poor,
not much bigger then Cbiapa, and is governed by a Spmijh
Covernour. It ftandeth forty leagues at leaft from Guatemala^
and towards the North-Sea fide, is compafitd> with very
high mountains, which are called Chuntales, where the In-
dians are very poor In the bottom where the City ftan-
deth theie arc fome Trapiches of Sugar, fome Indigo made,
but the chief Farms are Efiancia's oí Cattel. Toward Eve-
ning I departed from that Farm, where I had well refrethed
my felfand my Mule, and about eight of the cloak I rid
through the City not being known by any body. My purpofe
was to be next morning at a great River, called Rio de
Lempa, fome ten leagues from St. Salvador within two lea-
gues of it there lived in an Indian Town a Fryer belonging
to the Cloifier of St. Salvador who knew me very well. But
fuch hafte I made, that before break of the day I paiTed

through1

"

Chap. XXI of the Weft-Indies. 417

hrough that Town, and before feven of the clock 1 was at
he River, where I found my Indian of Mixed ready to
>afs over with my carriage, who that morning by three
)f the cloak had fet out of that Town two leagues off.
I was not a little glad to have overtaken my Chefts,
vherein was mod of my treafure. There I fat down a while
>y the River whilft my mules grazed, and my Indian ftruck
ire and made me Chocolatte. This River of Lempa is
ield the broadeft, and biggeft in all the Juiifdi&ion belong-
ngunto Guatemala', there are conftantly two ferry Boats to
3afs over the Travellers, and their Rcqua's of Mules. This
River is privileged in this manner, that if a man commit
any hainous crime or murther on this, fide of Guatemala^
md San Salvador, or on the other fide of St. Miguel, or
Nicaragua, if he can flie to get over (his River, he is free
is long as he liveth on the other fide, and no Jufiice en
that fide whither he is efcaped can queftion or trouble hira
for the murther committed. So likewife for Debts he
cannot be arreikd. Though I thanked God I neither fled
For the one, or for the other, yet it was my comfort that
1 was now going over to a priviledged Country, where I
hoped I (hould be free and fure, and that if any one did
come after me, he would go no further than to the River
oí Lempa. My Blackmoor did much laugh at this my con-
ceipt, and warranted me that all would do well. We ferried
iafely over the River '•, and from thence Went in company
with my Indians two leagues off, where we made the
beft dinner that wc had done from the Town of Petapa,
and willingly gave reft to all our mules till four of the clock
in the afternoon j at which time we fet forth to another
fmall Town little above two leagues off, through a plain,
fandy and Champain Country. The next day we had
but ten leagues to travel to a Town called St. Miguel,
which belongeth unto Spaniards and though it be not a
City, yet it is as big almoft as San Salvador, and hath a
Spanijb Governour i in it mere is one Cloifter of Nuns, and
another of Mercenarian Fryers, who welcomed me unto
their Cloifter i for here I began to ihsw my face, and to

think

41 8

A New Survey Chap. XXI,

think of felling away the Mule I rid on, being refold
from hence to go by water or an Arm of the Sea, to a
Town in Nicaragua called La Vieja. I would here havt
difmiffed my Indian, but he was loth to leave me until 1
got to Granada, where he defired to fee me (hipped. 1
rcfufed not his kind Offer, becaufe I knew he was
trufiy and had brought my Chefls well thither, and
knew well the way to Granada. So I fent him by land
to Realejo, orto La Vieja, which fíand very near together
and thirty leagues by land from St. Miguel, and my fell
flay'd thai day and till the next day at noon in that Town,
where I iold the Mule I rid on, becaufe I knew that from
Reale\o to Granada I could have of the Indians a Mule for
nothing for a days journey. My Blac^moors Mule I fentalfc
by land with the Indian, and the next day went to the
Gulf, being three or four miles from St. Miguel, where
that afternoon I took Boat with many other paflengers, and
the next morning by eight in the morning was at La Vieja,
which Journey by land would have taken me up near three
days. The next day my Indian came at night,and we went
to Realejo, Cas I have obfervcd before) a Haven very weak
and unfortified on the South Sea, where if I would have
ftay'd one fortnight I might have taken (hipping for Pana-
ma, to go from thence to Portobeh, and there flay for the
Galeons from Spain. But I confidered that the Galeons
would not be there till June or July, ar.d that fo I ihould
be at great charges in flaying fo long. But afterwards I
wiihed I had accepted of that occafion, for I Was at laft
forced to go to Panama, and Portobello. From hence to
Granada I obferved nothing, but the plainnefs and plea-
fantnefs of the way, which with the Fruits aod fertility oí
all things may well make Nicaragua the Paradile ot Ame-
rica Between Realejo and Granada ftandeth the City ot
Ltolt, near unto ä Vulcan of fire, which formerly burft out
at the top, and did much hurt unto all the Countrey about;
but fmce that it hath ceafed, and now letteth the Inhabitans,
live without fear. Sometime it Smoaks a little, which
flieweth that as yet there is within fome fulphurous fob-
n Here

fiance.

:hap. XXL of the Weft-Indies] 4 * 9

Here it was that a Mercenarián Fryer thought to have
ifcovered fome great Treafure,which might inrich himfelf
nd all that Country, being fully perfuaded that the Metal
lat burnt within that Vulcan was Gold ', whereupon he
mfed a great Ktttle to b; made, and hung at an iron chain
) let it down from the top, thinking therewith to take up
iotd enough to make him Biihop and to inrich his poor
Lindred. But fuch was the Power and Strength of the fire
rithinthat no fooner had he letdown the Kettle, when

fell from the Chain and from his Hands, being melted a-

This City of Leon is very curioufly built, for the chief
ielight of the inhabitants confifts in their Houfes, and in
le Pleafure of the Country adjoyning, and in the Abun-
ance of all things for the Life of Man, more than in ex-
;aordinary Riches,which there are not fo much enjoyed,
s in other parts of America. They are content with
ne Gardens, with variety of finging Birds, and Parrets,with
lenty of Fi(h and Fleih, which is cheap, and with gay
loufes, and folead a delicious, lafie and idle Life * nota-
Diring much to Trade and Trafique, tho they have near
lem the Lake , which commonly every year fends forth
:>me Frigats to the Havana by the North Sea, and Realejo
n the South fea, which might be very commodious for
ny dealing and rich trading in Pera, or to Mixco, if
neir Spirits would carry them fo far ; The Gentlemen
f this City are aimoft as vain and phantafiieal asare thoíc
f Chupa : efpeciatly from the Pleafure of this City,
> all that Province of Nicaragua, called by the Spjni-
rds, Mahomet s Paradife. Hence the way is plain and
ivel to Granada, whither I got fafely and joyfully,
oping that now I had no more journies to make by
and, till I ihould land at Dover in England, and from
hence poft up to London. Two days after 1 had ar-
iv'd at this place and refted my felf, and enjoyed the
•leafant profpeét of the Lake, I began to think of
lifmiiling my Indian and Blaekmoor. But true ar¿
úthM Mima pävd would by no means leave me,

i i mi

I

410 J New Survey Chap. XXI

till he faw me íhipt h and that I had no more need oj
him by Land i Likewife the Indian would willingly have
ftay'd, but by no means I would permit him, for that ;
confider'd he had a Wife and Children at home: H<
was as willing to return a foot, as to ride, becaufe h<
would have me fell my Mules, and make what Money ]
could of them ; but I feeing the good nature of the Indian
would recompence his Love with as much Money as migh
be more beneficial to him, than a tired Mule» which migh
have dyed in the way, and left him on foot ', fo 1 gav<
him Money enough to bear his Charges home, and tc
hire Mules at his pleafure, and fome to fpare when h<
came home. The Indian with many tears falling from
his eyes, faying he fear'd he fhould never more fee me
took his leave of me the third day after we arriv'd at Ora-
nada. My Blackmoor and I being left alone, firft began tt
think oficlling away the two Mules, which had brough
thither the Indian, and my Chefis •, for which I got pc
Pieces of Eight after fo long a journey, and thought thej
were well fold. I would have had Miguel have folc
away that whereon he rid, ( which was his own ) anc
offer'd to buy him another that might better carry hirr
back, but the loving and careful Blackmoor would noi
fufTer me to be at fuch Charges , confidering the lon|
Journey I was to make. After this we hearing that th<
Fiigats were not like to depart in a fortnight, thoughi
of viewing well that ftately and pleafant Town a day 01
two, and then to betake our felves to fome near Indiai
Town, where we might be hid, (left by the great refori
of Keqna's of Mules which then brought indigo and
Cochinil from Guatemala to the Frigats, weihouldbe dif
cover'd ) and might now and then come to the Town tc
treat concerning my paffing in one of the Frigats to the
Havana or Cartbagma. What in that Town we obier-
ved was , two Cloiiters of Mercenarian and Francifcai
Fryers, and one of the Nuns, very rich-, and one Pariih-
Church, which wzs as a Cathedral s for the Biíhop oí
Lton did more conftantly refide there than in the City.

i The

Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 421

Thchoufes are fairer than thofe of Leon, and (he Town
of more Inhabitants, amongft whom there are fome few
Merchants of ve^y great wealth, and many of inferior
degree very well to pafs, who trade with Cartbagena¡
Guatemala, San Salvador and Comayagua, and fome by
the South Sea, to Peru and Panama, But at this time of the
fending away the Frigats, that Tovyn is one of the
wealthieft in all the North of American for the Mer-
chants of Guatemala fearing to fend all their goods by
the Gulf of Honduras 3 for that they have been often taken
by the Boll anders between that*and Havana, think it fafci
to fend them by the Frigats to Gartbagena, which paiTage
has not been fo much ftopí by the Hollanders as the other.
So ltkewife many times the Kings Treafure, and- Re»
venue ( when there is any Report of Ships at Sea, or about
the Cape of S. Antony) are this way by the Lake oí Gra-
nada paft to Cartbagena. That year Í was there, be-
fore I betook my fcif to an Indian Town, in one day
there entred fix Kequas ( which were at leaf! three hun-
dred Mules J from St. Salvador and Comayagua only, laden
with nothing but Indigo, Cochinil and Hides; and
two days after from Guatemala came in three more2
one laden with filver ( which was the Kings tri-
bute from that Countrey ) the other with Sugar, and
the other with Indigo. The former Kequas i feared
not \ but the latter made me keep clofe in my lodg-
ing, left going abroad , l íhould be known by fome
of thofe that came from Guatemala \ who after they
had ddiver'd what they brought, prefently departed, and
with their departure fet me at liberty, who for their fakes
was a voluntary Prifoner in mine own lodging. But
fearing left more of thtfe Kequas might come and af-
fright me, I went to a Town out of the road, a league
from Granada, and took my pleafure up and down the
Country where I was much feafted by the Mercenarias
Fryers, who enjoy moft of thofe Towns. Among thefe Í
heard much of the paffagé in the Frigats to Cartha-
&ena7 which a little difocarten'd and difcourag'd me. For
£ e % thougfr

%%% jfcew Survey Chap.! XXI

though , whilft th^y fail on the Lake, they go feeurG-
ly and without trouble, yet when they fall from the
Lake to the River { which they cz}\ El Defaguadero) to go
out to Sea, hie lafyor, hoc opus e/?, here is nothing but
trouble, which femetimes makes that ihort Voyage to lalt
two months ; for fuch is the fall of the Waters in ma-
ny Places among the Rocks, that many times they are
fore'd to unlade the Friga ts, and lade them again with
help of Mules kept there for that purpofe, by a few
Indians that live about the River, and have care of the
Lodges made to lay in the Wares, whilft the Fri-
gats pafs through thofc dangerous places to another
Lodge, whither (he Wares are brought by Mule?, ar*d-fut
again into the Frigats. Befides this Trouble ( which mufr
needs be tedious toa PaíTcnger , to be thus ftopt, who
would willingly come foon to his Journeys end ) the a-
bundance of Gnats is fuch, as makes him take no Joy
in his Voyage, and the Heat in fome places fo intolera-
ble, that many die before they get out to Sea. Tho
all this was terrible to me to hear, yet I comforted
my felf that my Life was in the hands of the Loid,
and that the Frigats commonly every year paft that way,
and feldom any were loft. I went now and then to Gra-
nada to bargain for my Paflage, and to know when the
Frigats would certainly fet out, and to provide mytfelf
of iome Dainties and Chocolat for my Journey, having
agreed with a Mailer of a rrigat for Diet at his Table.
The Time was appointed within four or rive days > but
fuddenly z\\ was crofs'd with a find command from
Guatemala, that the Frigats ihould not go out that year,
becaufe the Prefident and whole Court was informed
for certainvthat fome Engltjh ox Holland Ships were abroad
at Sea, and lay about the mouth of the River Desagua-
dero waiting for the Frsgats of Granada, and, that the
fasd Ships were fomctimes lurking about the Iflands of
5. John and-S. Catharine ( which then was our Pro-
vidence) which made all the Merchants of che Coun-
try fear md fwcat wuh a cold fwcat, and the Preii-

denf

Chap. XXI of the Weft-Indies, 4* J

dent to be careful for the Kings Revenue?, left the lo^
ofthemihould be imputed to his Negligence *rR*j^
ping the Frigats, whiltt he might, and had Waning.
This was but fad Ne*s to me, who knew not for
the prefect, which way to difpofe of my felf. I began
to think of the Ship that was at Kcalejo ready to fet oat
to Panama, thinking that would now be my ben . coailc,
but enquiring after it, I was for certain inform d by iomu
Merchants that it was newly gone. Then my eyes look d
upon Comayagua and Truxill; and on the Blips of ffcv
duras, but thefe were but vain and troubl d thoughts, an-
ting from a perplext heart, for the Ships were alio gone
thence, without iome fmall Veucl or Frigat might be
there with News from Havana or Cartbagena (tor thole
Places fend often Notice of what Ships are abroad at
Sea J but this alfo was a meer Chance, and not tj
be trufted to, as my Friends did advife me Where-
upon my perplexity more and more increafed, only
my Comfort was that there were more Paflengers De-
fides my felf, who I knew muft take fome courfe, ana
whom I alfo refolv'd t o follow by Sea or Land. Among
us all we were once refolv'd to hire a Frigat to carry us
only to Cartbagena, but this would not be granted, for no
body would hazard his VeiTcl and Life tor our fakes.
While )we were thus diftreit and perplext enquiring a-
bout Grmada of the Merchants what courfe we might
take to zn to Spain that year, or to meet with the Ha-
vana or Cartbagena i one that wiih'd us well, counkld
us to go to Collarka, where at Carthago we foould be
fare to hear of iome Veffcls bound for Portobd, either
from the River ¿e los Anzuelos, or from the River call'd
¿«ere, whence every year went out fome fmall Fri-
gats to carry Meal, Bacon, Fowls, and other provi-
sion for the Galeons to Portohel. This we though?
was a difficult Journey, and of near a hundred and
fifty leagues over Mountains and throught Deferts, where
weihouldroifsthepleafure, Variety, and Dainties ot Gna-
mala and Nicaragua, and after all this pcradventure

I

4M A New Survey Chap XXI

mightmiisof an opportunity of any Frigat bound to Por-
toheh yet fo unwilling were we all to return to Gua-
temala whence we came, that we would rather go for-
ward, and undergo any Difficulties, fo that at laft we
might find any Shipping to convey us where we might
meet the Galcons, which we knew were not to come
to Fonohl, till June or July- We therefore agreed four
of us th.ee Sfamarjs and my felf, t0 go to Coflarica,
and there tly our Fortune. They had each of them
Us my felt had ) Carriage for one Mule, and none to
side on h bur thought btft to buy each of them a
Male to carry chem, which they hop'd after their Tour-
ncy to tell again at Co(tarica, and to get Money by them,
and for tneir Carnages to hire Mules and Indians from
Town to Town, who alfo might ferve to guide us through
rnany dangerous Places and paila ges, which we un-
derfiood were in the way. ¡ Now I wiih'd 1 had my
Mule which I fold at San Miguel, or any one of the two
which I fold before in Granada. But for my Money I
doubted not, with the help of the Blacknmr, but I ihoQld
hnd one for my purpofe. I furniiht my (t\{ very fpeedily
for fifty pieces of eight, of one which I fear'd not would
perform try Journey. My good and trufty Blaítiéóor
would willmgjy have gone on with me, and further round
ine World if 1 would have let him i but I wouid not;
but, thaiiKd him heartily for what he had done, and
gave him Money enough in his Purfe and difmiflld him,
hoping the Company of the three Spaniards would be
tuincient Cornfort to me.

' Thus with one Indian to guide us we fet four of us out
o \<*mnada, enjoying for die two rirft days more of the
Pleaiure ot that Mahomet, Pandik,Nicaragua, finding the
way tor the moil part plan, the Towns, plcalant,- the
Coumrey üiady, and every where Fruits abounding. The
fecund day aft'ef we fet our, we were much affrighted
with a huge and monflrous Caiman or Crocodile, which
having come out of the Lake ( as we paffed bv ) ancí
lying crofs a puddle of Water bathing himfelf, and waiting

for

:hap. XXI of the Weft-Indies. 42 5

3r fome prey, as we perceiv'd after, whom we not know
m well atfirft, but thinking it had been Come -tree-
hat was fell'd or fallen, pa&'d elofd by it ', wnen on
fuddán we knew the Scales of the Caiman, and law
he Monfter move, arid fee himielt againft us i where-
Ñth we made haft from him i but he thinking to have
nade fome of us his greedy Prey, ran after us, which
vhen we petceiv'd, and that he was like to overtake us,
ve were much troubPd, till one of the Spaniards, (who
mew better the Nature and Quality of that Beaft than the
eft ) call'd us to turn to one fide out of the way, and
o ride on ftrait for a while, and then to turn on an-
other fide, and fo to Circumflex our way h which Advice
)f his without doubt faved mine, or fome of the others
Lives, for thus we wearied that mighty Monikr andefca-
ped from him, who ( had we rid out ftraightway ) had
:ertainly overtaken us, and killed fome Mule or Man, for
his ftraight forward flight was as fwift as our Mules could
run * but whilft he turn d and wheel'd about his heavy
body, we got ground and advantage till we left him far
behind us. And by this Experience we came to know the
Nature and Quality of that Beaft, whofe greatnefs of Body
is no hindrance to run forward as fwift as a Mule i but
otherwife, as the Elephant once laid down is troubl'd
to get up, fo this Monfter is heavy and ftirT, and therefore
much troubl'd to turn and wind about his Body. . We
praifed God who had that day deliver'd us, and riding
a while by that fide of the Lake, we were watchful that we
might not fall again into like Danger. But the great-
nefs of this Luke oí Granada may from hence be known,
in that the fecond and third day of our Journey, being at
leaft thieefcore miles from whence we iet out, we now
and then found our Way lying by it. After we had
wholly loft fight of it, we enter'd into rough and crag»
gy Ways, declining more to the South than to the
North-Sea. And in all the reft of our Journey to Car-
thago, we obferv'd nothing worth committing to pofte-
rity*, but only mighty Woods and Trees on the South-
E e 4 fta

;.

1

§

4* f 4 Ni» 5«r vgi Chap XXI

Síflde very fit to make firong Ships, and many Moun-
tains and defert places, where we lay fometimes two
nights together, in Woods or open Fields, far from
any Town or Habitation of Indians \ yet for our Comfort
in theft fo defert places we had ftill a Guide with us, and
found lodges, which by the command of the next Jurtices
had been fet up for fuch as travell'd that way. We came
at laft through thoufand dangers to Carthago, which
we found not to be fo poor, as in richer places, as
Guatemala and Nicaragua it was reported to be. For there
we had occafion to inquire after Merchants for Exchange
of Gold and Silver, and we found fome were very rich,
who traded by Land and Sea with Panama, and by Sea
With Portobdlo, Carthagetta, and Havana, and from thence
with Spain. This City may confift of four hundred
families, govern'd by a Spanijb Governour ; It is a
Biihops Sea, and has in it three Cloiiters, two of Fryers,
and one of Nuns. Here we enquired after that which
nad brought us through fo many Mountains' Woods,
and Deferts , to wit, after fome fpeedy occafion ( of
fliipping our felves for Portobello or Cartbageva ; and ac-
cording to our defires we underftood of a Frigat almoft
ready to fet out from the River Ve los Anzuehs , and
anoiher from the River Suere ; and being well infor-
med that Sueve would be the beft place to travel to by
reafon of more provifion in the way, more Towns of
Indians* and Eftancia's of Spaniards, we reiolvM four
days after we had refted in Carthago, to undertake
a new Journey toward the North Sea. We found that
Country mountainous in many places , yet here and
there fome Values where was very good Corn, Spaniards
living in good Farms, who as well as the Indians bred
many Hogs i but the Towns of Indians we found much un-
like to thofe which we had left behind in Nicaragua and
Guatemala ; and the people in Courtefie and Civility much
differing from them, and of a rude and bold Carriage and
Behaviours yet they are kept under by the Spani-
ards, as much as thofe whom I have formerly fpoken of

about

Chap.1 XXI. e/ the Weft-Indies. 417

about Guatemala. We came in fogood a time to the Ri-
ver Suere, that we ftay'd there but three days in a Spantfh
Farm near it, and departed.

The Matter of the Frigat was exceeding glad of out
Company, and oflfei'd to carry me for nothing, but for
my Prayers to God for him, and for afafe Paflage, which
he hop'd would not be above three or four days failing*
He carryed nothing but fome Hony, Hides, Bacon,
Meal and Fowls. The greateft Danger he told us of,
was the fetting out from the River, ( which runs in
fome places wich a very ftrong Stream, is (hallow and full
or' Rocks in other places ) till we come forth to the main
Sea i Whither we got out fafely and had notfail'd ona-
bovc 20 leagues, when we difcover'd two (hips making
towtrd us i our hearts began to quake, and the Matter
himfeli of the Frigat we perceiv'd was not without
fear fufpe&ing they were EngUJh or Holland (hips ■■> we
had no Guns nor Weapons, fave only four or five
Muskets and half a doien Swords i we thought the
Wings of our nimble Frigat might be our beft Comfort, and
flying away our chief Safety. But this Comfort foon be-
gan to fail us, and our beft Safety was turn'd into near
approaching Danger/ before we could 6ie five Leagues
toward Portobd, we could from our Top- Ma ft eatiiy
perceive the two (hips to be Hollanders, and 100 nimble
for our little VeiTel, which prefently one of them (which
being a Man-of War, was too much and too ftrong fof
our Weakneis) fecht up, and with a thundring Mef-
fage made us ftnke Saü Without any fighting we duift
not but yield, hoping for better Mercy. But O what fad
thoughts did here run in my deje&ed heart, which was
ftruck down lower than our Sail ? How did I fometimes
look on Deaths frighting vifage ? But if again I would
comfort and incourage my felf againft this fear of Death §
how then did I begin to fee an end of all my hopes of e-
ver returning to my wiih'd and defir'd Countrey >
How did I fee my Treafure of Pearls, pretious Stones,
and pieces of E'ght, and Golden PiftoJs, which by

Singing

4*8 ANew Survey

Chap. XXL

Singing I had got in twelve years, now within one
half hour ready to be loft with Weeping, and became a
Trey to thofe who with as much Eafe as I got them, and
with Laughing were ready to fpoil me of all that with
the found of Flutes, Waits and Organs 1 had io long been
.hording up ? Now Í faw Imuft forcedly and fainedly offer
up to a Hollander what iuperftitious, yea alfo forced and
fained offerings of Indians to their Saints of Mixco, Vínola
Amatitlan and Fatapa had for a while enriched me. My
further thoughts were foon interrupted by the Hollanders
who came aboard our Frigat with more fpeed than we de-
fir'd. Though their Swords, Muskets and Piftols did not
a little tcnifie, yet we were fomewhat comforted, when
we undeifiood who was their chief Captain and Com-
mander, and hop'd, for more Mercy from him, who
had been born and brought up among Spaniards, chan
from the Hollanders who as they were little bound to
the Spanijh Nation for Mercy, fo we expe&ed little from
them. The Captain of this Holland Ship which took us
was a Mulatto, born and bred in Havana, whofe Mother
I faw and fpoke with afterwards that fame year, when
the Galeons ftiuck into that Port to expect there the reft
from Vera Cruz. This Mulatto for fome Wrongs which
hid been offer'd him from fome commanding Spani-
ards in the Havana, ventur'd himfelf defperately in a
Boat out to the Sea, where fome Holland Ships wai-
ted for a prize , and with Gods help getting to them,
yielded himfelf to their Mercy, which he eiteem'd far
better than that of his own Countrymen, promifing to
ferve them faithfully againft his own Nation, which had
moft injuriously abufed, yea and (as I was afterwards
informed ) whipt him in the Havana.

This Mulatto proved fo. true and faithful in his good
fervices to the Hollanders, that they eftcemed much of
him, married him to one of their Nation, made him
Gapuinefa Ship under that brave and Gallant Hollander
whom the Spaniards then fo much fear'd, nanVd, Pie
de Fitloj or Wooden Leg. This famous Mulatto it was
"^ that

hap. XXI. 0/ the Weft-Indies J 419

at with his Sea-Soldiers boarded our Frigat, jn which he
d found little worth his labour, had it not been for the
Hans Offerings which I carried, of which I loft that day
1 worth of 4000 Patacons or Pieces of Eight in Pearls
d precious Stones, and near 3000 more in Mony.
he other Spaniards loft fome hundreds apiece, which
is fo rich a prize, that it made the Hollanders Stomach
ith the reft of our grofs Proviilon of Bacon, Meal and
)wls, and our Mony tafted fweeter to them, than the
>ny which our Frigat alfo afforded. Other things I
d ( as a Quilt to lie on, fome Books, and Lamina \
hich are Pictures in Brafs, and Cloams ) which I beg'd
that Noble Captain the Mulatto, who Confideririg my
rders and Calling, gave me them freely, and wiih'd me
be patient, faying *hat he could do no otherwife than
did with my mony and Pearls, and uflng that common
overb at Sea, Oy per mi, mañana per ti, to day Fortune
th been for me, to morrow it may be for thee : or to
y, I have got what to morrow I may lofe again. Here
made ufe alfo of that common Saying, that ill-gotten
oods never thrive \ and perceived it was the will of my
:avenly Father to take from me what unlawfully by fuper-
tious and idolatrous MaiTes, by Offerings to Idols and
atues of Saints I had got among the Indians, 1 offered
lieu of thofe former Offerings my Will to my Lord
ods Will, deiiring him to grant me Patience to bear
at great Lofs. 1 confefs, tho it was very crofs to
lefti and Blood, yet I found an inward Spiritual ftrength-
ng from above, and to be very true what Faul wntes
1 the Hebrews Chap. 12. 11. faying, No chattering for
e prefent feemeth to be joyous, but grievous, neverthekfs
ierward it yieldetb the peaceable fruit of rigbteoufiefs unto
em which are exercifed thereby: tor that very* day Í found
.y inward man quiet and peaceable with a full and
'tal Submiftion to the holy Will of God, which I de-
c'd might be done in Earth, in the Sea, and pcrform'd
id obey'd by me at that prefent, as it is always done
1 Heaven. And though this way w¿$ my belt and chief

Comfort,

j r

4jb J 7$ett> Survey

Chap. XXI.'

Comfort, yet from the Creature, by the Creators permiflion,
I had alio fome Comfort left in a few Piftols, tome iingle,
fome double, which I had fow'd up in my Quilt (which
the Captain reftor'd to me.» faying it was the Bed I lay
In ) and in the Doublet which I had at that preftnt, which
mounted to almoft iooo Crowns, and in their fearch-
Ing was not found. After the Captain and Soldiers had
well view'd their Prize, they thought of refreihing their Sto-
machs with fome of our Provifion, the Good Captain made
a ftately dinner in our Frigat, and invited me to it, and
knowing I was going towards Havana, betides many
other brindfs or healths, he drank one to his Mother, de-
firing me to fee her, and remember him to her, and fay,
that for her fake he had us'd me well and courteoufly
in what he could ; and further at Table he faid, tor my
fake he would give us our Frigat that we might return to
Land, and that I might find from thence fome fafer
way and means to get to Portobelh, and to continue my
Journey to Spain. After dinner I conferr'd with the Cap-
tain alone, and told him, I was no Spaniard, but an
Englijh man born,ihewing him the Licence, which I had
from Rome to go to England, and that therefore I hop'd,not
being of an Enemy- Nation to the Hollanders, he would
reftore to me what Goods were mine. But this was of little
confequence with him, who had already taken poíTcflion oí
mine and all other Goods in the íhip : he told me, I muft
furTer with thofe among whom I was found, and that I
might as well claim all the Goods in the Ship. I de-
fired him then ro carry me with him to Holland, that
thence I might get to England, which alfo he refufed,
telling me that he went about from one place to another,
and knew not when he fhould go to Holland, and that he
was ready to fight with any Spanijb (hip, and if he ihoutd
fight with the Spaniards whilft I was in his Ship, his Soldi-
ers in their hot Blood might do me a Mifchief, think-
ing; I would do them harm, if in fight they íhoüld be
taken by the Spaniards. With thefe his Anfwers I faw
there was no hope of getting again what now was loft

of the Weft-Indies.

Chap. XXI. of the Weit-lndies. 43 1

therefore ( as before ) I commended my fdf again to Gods
Piovidence and Prote&ion. The Soldiersand Mariners ot
the Holland Ship made hafte that afternoon to unload the
Goods of our Frigat into their Man of War, which took
up that, and part of the next day, whilft we as Pnfo-
ners were wafting up and down the Sea with them: And
whereas we thought our Money had fatisried them and
to the full, we found next day that they had alfo a fio-
mach to our Fowls and Bacon, and wanted our Meal to ♦
make them bread, and our Honey to fweeten their mouths,
and our Hides for Shoos and Boots j all which they took a-
way, leaving me my Quilt, Books, and brafs Pidures, and
to the Mafter of the Frigat fome fmall Provifion,as much
as might carry us to Land, which was not far off, and thus
they took their leaves of us, thanking us for their good
entertainment. And we weary offuchguefts, fome pray-
ing to God that they might never entertain the like again,
fome curling .them all, and efpecially the Mulatto, to Hell,
calling him Renegado, fome thanking God for their Lives,
which were given them for a Prey, we all return'd to
Suen whence we had fet out, and going up the River,
were like to be caft away, and iofc our Lives, after
we had loft our Goods, When we came to Land, the
Spaniards about ihz Countrey pitied our cafe, and help'd
us with Alms, gathering a Collection for us The three
Spaniards oí my company loft all their Money, and moft of
their beft Clothes ; yet they had refervd fome Bills of Ex-
change for Money to be taken up at Portokelloj which I
wiih'd 1 had alfo for what I had loft. For the prefent we
knew not What courfe to take, we thought of going to Rio
de Us Anzuelos > but were informed that certainly the
Frigats there were either gone, or would be before we
could get thither b and if they ftay'd not on the news of the
Hollanders Shipsat Sea, they either already were or would
be their Prize,as we had been. We refolv'd then with the
charitable Affiftance of the Spaniards of the Country to
return to Carthago, and thence to take fome better
directions. In the way we confer* d what wehad fav'd, the

Sj0iiards

411 r4 New Survey Chap. XXI

Spaniards bragg'd yet of their Bills of Exchange, whicl
would yield them Money at Carthago, I would not let then
know what I had fav'd , but fomewhat I told them I hac
kept i and we agreed all the way we went to tlgnifi*
nothing but Poverty and Mifery, that the Indians and Spa-
niards in the way might pity and commiferate us, and
our great Loffes. When we came to Carthago we were
indeed much pitied, and Collections were made for us ;
and it was expected from me, that I íhould iing again
at the Altars ( who truly could rather have cried to fee
and confider my many misfortunes and difafters, which I
defir'd might at lait % a fafe return to England, prove
the Trials of the faith I interned to fearchout^) and that I
ihould preach, whereever 1 came i fo by thefe two ways,
of fínging and hudling over Vominus lobifcum and the reft
of the Mafs, and by accepting of what Sermons were re-
commended to me, I began again to ftore my felf with
Monies. Yet knew that in fuch a poor Country as that
was, where I was little known, I could not poffibly get
enough to bring me home with Credit to England ; and
therefore the cunning Enemy finding me to ftand upon
my Credit, began ftrongly to tempt me to return again
to Guatemala ( where I doubted not but I (hould be wel-
com'd and entertain'd by my Friends ) and to fettle my
felf there, till I had again by facrilegious, bafe, fuperfti-
tiouSj and Idolatrous Means, and Works, made up a new
Purfe to return with Credit home.

But I perceiving that God ihew'd himfelf angry, and
had juiily taken from me, what by unlawful means I had
in twelve yesrs obtain'd, bad Satan avaunt, purpofing
¡never more to return to the Flefivpots of Epypt, and to go
ftill home- wards, though in the way I did beg my Bread.
Yet (left I might be fufpeóted among the Spaniards, and
troubi'd for not exerciiing my Orders and Function ) 1
refolv'd to take what as to a Stranger and Traveller, for
Preaching or any other Exercife, might be offer 'd untci

sn:.

'TFhttS with Courage refolving to go on ftill towards

England?

11

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 43 j

England, I enquir'd at Carthago which way I might gci
to Portob.ello. But this door of hope was fait (hut up i
though my truft in Gods Providence was not weaken'd.
In this feaibn, There came to Carthago two or 500 Mules
unfadled or unloaden, with fome Spaniards, Indians
and Blackrnoors, from the parts of Camay agua, and (Sua*
témala, to convey them to Panama by Land, over the
Mountains of Veragua, there to be fold. This is the year-
ly and only trading by Land, which Guatemala, Comaya-
gua, and Nicaragua, hath with Panama over that narrow
Ijihrnus lying between the North, and South Sea, which is
very dangerous by reafon of the craggy Ways, rocks, and
Mountains, but efpecially, by reafon of many Heathens,
Barbarians and Savages which as yet are not conquer'd
by the Spaniards, and iometimes do great milchief,
and kill thofe that with Mules pafs through their Coun-
try, efpecially if they mifdemean themfelves or pleafc
them not well. Yet for all thefe difficulties, Í was en-
tertaining a thought to go along with thofe Mules and
Spaniards which were now on their way by Land to
Panama. The three Spaniards w 'ere half of the fame mind j
but the Providence of God who better Orders and
difpofes Mans Affairs than he himfelf, difappointed
thefe our thoughts, for out Good and Safety, as after wc
were inform'd á for we heard for certain at Nicoya, that
fome of thofe Mules and Spaniards were fcil I'd by the Bar-
barians and Savage Indians, among whom my Life might
have been loft, if Í had attempted that hard and dangerous
Journey •, from which many well-wiihers at Carthago
diíTuacíed me, both for the danger ©f the Indians, and for
the difficulties of the Ways and Mountains, which they told
me the Weaknefs of my body would never indure. After
we had wholly defiited from this Land-journey, the beft
Counfel we had from fome Merchants our Friends, was
to try whether Mar dd.Zur, or the South-Sea, would fa-
vour our Deiign and journey, better then the Mar dd
Nort, or the North- Sea had done i who wiih'd us to
go to Nicoia, and thence to Chira and to the Golfo de

Salinas,

4 j 4 A New Survey Chap. XXÍ.

S dinas ,where they doubted not but we íhould find Shipping
to Y mama. We were willing to follow any good Ad vie6
and Counfeli yet we knew this was the laft -fhift we
eould make, and the non plus ultra of our hope, and if
here we íhould be difappointed, we could exped no o-
ther way ever to get to Panama, except we venturM
our lives moft defpentely over the Mountains of Vera-
gua, by Land without any Guide or Company through
the Country of the Barbarians, ( who before had iläin fome
Spaniards palling that way ) or elfe íhould return, all
the way that we had come, to, Realejo^ where our hopes
might be frufhated, and pera^venture no Shipping found
for Panama without a Years, waiting.

We rcfolv'd therefore to follow our friends Counfeí,
and to go to Nicoyas and thence to Golfo de Salinas,
where laughing, 1 told the three Spaniards of my com-
pany, if we were difappointed, we would like Hercules
fet up a Pillar to eternize our Fame, with our Names, and
this Infcription, Non Plus ultra, for that beyond it there
was no other Port, Haven, or Place, to take Shipping to
Panama > neither could any have done more ( not ever did
iny Engliih man in that Country do more than my felf)
than we had done, but efpecially my felf, who from Mixes
had thus travelfd by Land to Nicoya, at leaft 6oo
leagues, or iScq Englijh miles firaight from North to
South, befide what I had travell'd from Vera Cruz,
to Mexico- and from Guatemala to Vera Paz, and to
Puerto de Caballos, or Gulfo dulce, and thence (o
Jruxillo, and thence back again to Guatemala, which
was at leaft 13 or 1400 Englijh miles more, which I
thought to eternize on a Pillar at Nicoya, But what
¿ere was not erected, I hope here ihall be eterniz'd,
and that this my true and faithful Hiftory lhall be á
Monument of three thoufand and three hundred miles tra-
vell'd by an Engliíhman, within the Main-Land of Amé-
rica, befide other Sea-Navigations to Panama, homPortobef
to Cartbagena, and thence to the Havana. The way
which wc travell'd from Carthago to Nkoya was veif

moun-

Chap. I. o/ffe Weft-Indies; 43 j

mountainous, hard, and impleafant, for we met with few
Eftaniia's of Spaniards, and few Indian Towns, and thofe
very poor, fmal!, and all of deje&ed and wretched people.
Yet Nicoya is a pretty Town, and head of a Spariijh go-
vernment, where we found o^ie Jufio de Solazar, Alcalde
Maior, who entertain'd us very well, and provided Lodg-
ings for us for the time weiíiould abide there, and comfor-
ted us with hopeful words, that t ho for the prefenc
there was no Ship or írigat in the Golf of Salinas, yet he
doubted not, but vÉryíhortly one would come from Pana-
ma for Salt and other Commodities, as yearly they
were wont. The Tim^of the Year when we came thither,
was fit tor me to get again fome Monies after my great
lofsj for it was in Lent which is the Fryers chief
Barveft, who ( as I have before obferv'd ) then by Con-
feilions and by giving the Communion get many Mony-
offerings.

The Time, a^id the Francifcari Fryers who liad tbePj»
ftoiihip and Charge oí that Town, were both very commo-
dious to me, who could not refufe, as long as 111 ay 'd there,
to cxercife my Function, left I ihould bring a juil caufe of
Sufpicion and Afpetfion on my felf. The Fryer of the
Town was a Portugal, who about three weeks before my
coming thither had had a great Bickering and Strife
with Jtifts de Salazar the Alcalde Maior, for defending (he
Indians whom Salazar grievoufly opprefs'd, employing
them in his, and in his Wives Service as Slaves^ not paying
them what for the fweat of their brows was due ttf
them, and commanding them from their home and from
their Wives, and from their Church on the Sabbath,
working for him as well that day as any other,; whicb
the Frier not enduring, charg'd them in the Pulpit, not to
obey any fueh unlawful Commands from their Al-
calde Maior, But Julio de Salastdr ( who had been
train'd up in Wars ana Fighting, and ferv'd formerly
in the Caftle of Milan J thought it a great difparage-
ment, noty to be curbsd Uf a Frier, and interrup-
ted in Ms Gomtiftittif &íétH$d¡dmj sttéía the wsfs cf

P § té

•

4 $ 6 J New Survey Chap. XXL

his Lucre and gain. Therefore after many bitter Words
and Defiances had paft between him and the Frier,
he came one day refolutely to the Friers Houfe with his
Sword drawn, and certainly had not the Frier been affifttd
by fome of the Indians, he had kill'd him. The Frier be-
ing as hot as he, and ftandingon his Calling, Orders and
Priefthood, prefuming he durft not touch him violent-
ly, left his Privelege ihould bring an Excommunication
on the Striker and Offender, would not flie from him,
but dar'd him boldly^ which was a ftrong Provocation to
Solazar s Heat and Paflion, and caus'd him to lift up his
Sword, and aim his Blow and Stroke at the Frier, which
fell fo unhappily that he ftruck off two of the Friers
Fingers, and had undoubtely feconded another Blow
more hurtful and dangerous to the Frier, had not the
Indians interpos'd, and Glut up their Prieft into his
Chamber. Jufto was Tor this AcTion excommunicated,
yet being a Man of high Authority, he foon got off
his Excummunication from the Biihop of Coftarica, and
fent his Complaint to the Chancery of Guatemala againft
the Frier, where with Friends and Mony he doubted not
but to overcome the Mendicant Prieft, as it hapned after i
for ( as I was inform'd ) he caufed the Frie»r to be fent for
to the Court, and there prevail'd fo much againft him,
that he got him removed from Nicoya. In this Seaion
the Frier kept his Houfe and Chamber, and would by no
means go to the Church, either to fay Mais, or preach,
or hear Gonfellions, ( all which that Time of the Year
required ) but had got one to help him i who alone not
being able to perform fo great a charge of many hun-
dred Indians, Spaniards, Black-moors, and Mulatto's who
from the Country without, and from the Town within ex-
peered to have their ConfeiTions heard, their Sins abfolvd,
the Word preach'd, and the Communion to be given them*
hearing of my coming dehYd me to affift him, and
that for my pains I ihould have my Meat and Drink
at his Table, and a Crown daily for every Mafs, and what-
foevcr elfe the People Ihould voluntarily offer, befide the

Sermons,

Chap. XXI. o/ rk Weft-Indies. 437

iermons, for which 1 íhould be well rewarded. I ftay'd
n this Town from the fecond week of Lent till Eaikr
/veek, where what with three Sermons at ten Crowns
i piece, what with my dayly Stipend and many o-
her Offerings, I got about an hundred and fifty
¡Drowns.

The week before Eafter news came of a Frigat from Za-
lama to Golfo dé Salinas, which much comforted us, who
tlready began to miftruft the Delay. The Maíter of the
frigat came to Nieoya, which is as a Court thereabout-, and
mth him the three Spaniards and my fclf agreed for our
)affage to Tanama. About Chira, Golfo de Salinas, and
Vicoya, there are fome farms of Spaniards, few and very
'mall Indian Towns, who are all like Slaves employed by
he Alcalde Maior, to make him a kind of Thred call'd ?i-
>a, which is a very rich Commodity in Spain, efpecialfy
Df that colour wherewith it is dyed in thtfe parts of
Nicoya, which is Purple, for which the Indians are
lere much charg'd to work about the Sea-ihore, and there
\o find certain Shells, wherewith they make this Purple
Die. Yurpura is a kind of Shell-fitn, whofe ufual length of
Life is feven years, he hides himfelf about the rifing of the
Dog-ftar and continues for 300 days i it is gather'd in
:he Spring, and by a mutual rubbing of them to-
gether, they yield a kind of thick Slime like foft Wax»
:>ut its famous Die for Garments is in the Mouth of
the Fifih, and the mdft refined Juyce is in a white Vein,
ihe reft of his Body is of no ufe : Your Segovia Cloth
died therewith, for the richnefs of the Colour, is (old
it five or fix pound the yard, and uied only by the
greateft Dons of Spain, and in ancient time only worn
t>y the Nobleft Romans, eall'd by the name oí Tyrian
Purple.

There are aífo Shells for other Colours, not known
:o be fo plentifully in any other Place as here. About
Cbira and Golfo de Salinas* the chief Commodities are
Salt, Hony, Maiz, fome Wheat and Fowls, which every
pear they fend by fome few Frigats to Vanama, whick
F f 2 thence

*~n

4|8 J New Survey Chap. XXI.

thence come on purpofe to fetch them with this purple
Thred, or Vita, which 1 have fpoken of The Frigat
which came when I was there, was foon laden with
thefe Commodities, and with it we fet out,hoping to have
been at Panama in five or fix days. But as often before
we had been crofted, fo likewife in this ihort palTage we
ilrove with the Wind, Sea, and Corrientes, as they are
calfd ( which are fwift Streams as of a River) four full
weeks. After the firft day we íét out, we were driven
with a Wind and Storm towards Tern, till we ¿ame under
the very Equinoctial, where what with exceffive Heat, what
with mighty Storms,we defpair'd of life.But after one week
that we had thus run towards death, it pleafed iGod in
whom and by whom all Creatures Live, move^and have
their being, to comfort us again with hopes of Life,
fending usa profperous Gale, which drove us out of that
Equinoctial Heat, and Stormy Sea, towards- the lfland of
Perlas, and Puerta de Chame, on the South tide of the
Mountains of Veragua, whence we hop'd within two
days at moft to be at reft and anchor at Panama. But
yet there our Hopes were fraftrate, for our Wind was
calm'd, and we fell on thofe ftrong Corrientes or Streams,
which drave us back in the Night for almoft a Fort-
night as much as we had faild by day. Had not God
again been merciful here to us, we had certainly perriuYd
in this our (hiving with the &t . i\ i for tho we wan-
ted not Proviiion of Food, yet our Drink fail'd us Co, that
for four days we tafted neither Wine or Water, or any
thing to quench our thirft, fave a little Hony which we
found caufed more Thkft in us, which made me
and fome others Drink our own Urine, and refrefh our
mouths with Pieces of Lead- Bullets which for a while
«efreuYd, but would not long have fufficed Nature, had not
Gods good Providence fent us fuch a Wind as in the
day drove us quite off from thofe Corrientes. Our firft
thoughts were then to ftrike to the Continent, or fome
lfland of many which were about us to feek for Water,
ending our Bodies weak and langui(hing3 which the Capt.

of

Chap. XXL of the Weft-Incjies; 439

°f the Ship would by no means yield to, ailuring us that
day he would Land us at ?anama\ tullí we not being
able to fail on without any Drink, unlefs we ihould yield to
have oaf dead and not our Live Bodies landed where he pro-
mifed, thought it not good purchafe, though we might buy
all Panama with our Lives, which we judg'd could net
hold out another day s and feeing that the Wind began to
flacken, we all requir'd him to ftrike into fome Ifland for
Water i which he ftubbornly refufed to do i whereupon
the three Spaniards and fome of the Mariners mutined
againft bim with drawn Swords, threatning to kill him, if
he betook not himfelf prefently to fome liland. The good
Mafter not liking to fee Swords at his breaft, and fo
commanded his Ship to be turned to two or three Iflands,
not above ..two or three hours fail from us. When
we drew nigh them, we caft Anchor, arid threw out
our Cock- boat, and happy was he that could firftcafthimfelf
into it to be rowed to Land to rill his Belly with Water.The
firft Ifland we landed on, was on that iide unhabitable^
where we fpentmuch time running to and fro, over-hea-
ting our felves and increaiing our Thirftj whilft one ran one
way, and another tried another to find fome Fountain,
our hope being fruftrated. and I loft in the Wood, and my
Shoes torn from my Feet, with Stony Pvocks, and many
Thorns and Buihes, my company betook themfelves
to the Cock boat to try another liland, leaving me alone,
and loft in the Wood out of which atlaft when I came, and
found the Cock-boat gone from the íhore, I began to con-
iider my felfa dead man, thinking that they had found Wa-
ter and were gone to Ship, and not finding me would hoife
up their Sail for Panama. Thus being deje&ed I cry'd out
to the Ship, wich I perceiv'd could not poffibly hear my
weak Voice, and running up and down the Rocks to fee if
I could difcover the Cock-boat, I perceiv'd it was not with
the Ship, and efpied it at the next Ifland. With this i began
to hope better things of them, that they would call for me
when they had got Water > ío I came down from the
Hocks to the Shores where I found a Shade of Trees anc$

F f 1 among

mam

^40 A New Survey Chap. XXI

among them fome Berries (which might have been Poi-
fon, for I knew them not ) wherewith I refrefrYd my
Mouth a while i but my Bed y fo burn'd that I thought
there with Heat, Weaknefs and Faintnefs, I íhould have ex-
pired and given up the Ghoft. I thought by Gripping my
¿elf naked and going into the Sea to my neck, I might
refrefh my Body, which 1 did, and coming out again
into the Shade, I fell into a deep fleep, inlomuch that
the Cock-boat coming for me, and the Company hollow-
ing to me» I awaked not, which made them fear that
I was dead or loft » till Landing, one fearch'd for me one
way, and another another, and fo they found me, who
might have been a Piey to fome wild-Beaft, or flept till
the Frigaf had gone away , and fo have periihM in a
barren and unhabitable lilancl When they awak'd me I
was Glad to fee my good company, and the firft thing Í
enquir'd for, was, if they had got any Waten they bad
me be of good chegr and arife ; for they had Water enough,
and Oranges and Lemons from another Iiland, where
they met with Spaniards that did inhabit it. I made hafte
with them to the Boat, and no fooner was I entred into it
but they gave me to drink as much as I would. The Wa-
ter was warm and unfetled, for they could not take it up
fo but that they took of the Grave!, and bottom of the
Fountain, which made it look very muddy \ yet for all
this ( as though my Life had depended on it) I drunk up
a whole Pot of it \ which no fooner had I drunk, but fuch
was the Weaknefs of my Stomach, that I preiently caft it
up again, not being able to bear it. With this they wi-
ihed me to eat an Orange or a Lemon i but them alfo
did my Stomach rcje¿t > fo to our Frigat we went, and in
the Wfty I fainted fo that the Company verily thought I
would die, before we got aboard. When we came thi-
ther I calFd again for Water, which was no fooner down
my Stomach, but prefently up again > they had me to Bed
with a burning Feaver upon me i where Hay that night
expecting nothing but Death, and that the Sea would be
«iy Grayc.

The

Chap.XXf. of the Weft-Indies. 441

The Matter of the Ship feeing the wind was turn'd, be-
gan tobe much troubl'd, and fear'd that with that wind
he ihould never get to Panama. He refolv'd to venture
on a way, which never before he had tryedi which ^ was,
to get between the two Iflands which we had fearch'd for
Water, knowing that the Wind, which on this fide was
contrary, on the other fide of the Iflands would be favoura-
ble to him. Thus towards Evening he took up An-
chor and hoifed up his Sails, and refolv'd to pafs his Fri-
gat between the. two Iflands» which how dangerous and
defperate an attempt it was, the Event witneis'd. I lay
now f as I may truly fay ) on my death-bed, not re-
garding which way the Mailer of the Ship, or Fortune
carried me, fo that the Mercy of the Lord carried my Soul
to Heaven. No fooner had the Frigat fteer'd her courfe
between the narrow paflage of the two Iflands, when
being carried with the Stream too much to one fide of
the Land it ran upon a Rock 3 fo that the very Stern was
lifted up, and almoft caft out of the Pilots hands, who cry-
ed out, not to God, but to the Virgin Mary, faying,
Ayudad nos Virgin Santiffima, que ft no aqui nos perecemos^
help us, O moft holy Virgin, for if not, here we periih.
This, and the outcry of all that were in the Frigat gave
me an Alarm of death, from which yet it pleafed
God by the diligence of the gainful Mariners to deli-
ver me and all the Company , for with much ado moft
part of that Night they haled from the Cock- boat the
Frigat off from the Rock, after the Stream had made it three
feveral times ftrike upon if. After a very trouble fome
Night, in the Morning we got our little Ship out oí dan-
ger and from between the two Iflands on the other fide
of them, where we fail'd profperoufly towards Panama.
That morning my ilomach recovered Strength, and I
began to eat and drink, and to walk about, rejoycing
much to fee thofe pleafant Iflands which we fail'd
by. In the Evening we got to Puerto de Ferico , where
we caft Anchor, expecting to be fearch'd in the mor-
ning 5 but that Night ( the Mailer of ous Ship having

F f 4 gone

44* ¿ New Suney Chap. XXI

gone aíhore ) the Wind turn'd and blew fo ftrong that we
loft our Anchor, and were driven back almoft to la Pacheqne,
and fear'd we mould be carried our into the Ocean again
íoíar that we ihould with great difficulty get to Panama.
But that God whom the Sea and Winds obey, turn d*
again that contrary Wind into a profperous Gale, where-
with we came once more to Perico; and being fearch'd
we went on with full Sail to Panama ; being near the Port
zná without an Anchor, the Wind once more blew us
bick, and had not the Ship-mafter Tent us an Anchor,
Wf had gone again to Pacheque or further. But with that
Anchor we ftay'd all that night at Perico, wondrtng amoner
our íel ves that fo many croffes ihould befal us, which
made fome fay, we were bewitch'dj others, that cer-
tainly there was among us fome excommunicate perfon,
whom they faid if they knew, they ihould hurl him over
board. Whilft they were in this difcomfe, the wind turn'd
yet again, and we weighing Anchor went on to Panama,
whither it pleafed God that time fafely to conduit us.
I being now well ilrengthned made no flay in that Frigat,
which Í thpught would have been my laft abiding-place in
this World, but went to Land, and betook my felftoihe
Cloifter of the Vomiwcans, where I ftay'd almoft fifteen
days viewing and reviewing that City, which is Govern'd
like GWtasM/abyaPreiident and fix judges, and a Court
of Chancery, and is a B'ihops feat. It has more ftrength
towards the South Sea than any other Fort which on that
fide Í had ken, and fome Ordnance planted for the Defence
of it s but the Houfcs are of the lean ftrength of any place
Í had. enured in \ for Lime and Stone is hard to come by, and
therefore, and for the great Heat there, moft of the
houfcs are built of Timber and Boards i the Presidents
Houfe, s ay the beft Church- walls are but Boards, which
fervc for Stone and Brick, and for Tiles. The Heat
is fo extraordinary that a Limien cut Doublet, with
fome flight Stuff or Taffety Breeches is the common cloth-
ing of the Inhabitants, Fiih, fruits and Saikis are more
plentiful there than Flcftr, the cool Water of the Coco is

the

n

:hap:XXI. o/ the Weft-Indies, 445

he Womensbeft Drink, though Chocolate alio, andmuch
Wine from Peru be very abounding. The Spaniards are
lere much given to fin, Loofenefs and Venery efpechlly,
naking the Blackamoors, (who are many, rich and gal-
ant) the chief Objetfsoi their Lutt, It h he Id w> be me
rf the richeft places m America, having by Land and by the
Eliver Cbiagre commerce wirh the North-Sea, and by the
Soath, trading-wish all Pem.Eaft- India's, Mexico and Hondu-
ras. Thither is brought the chief Treafure offer» in two or
three great Ships, which lie at anchor at Puerto de Perico
three Leagues from the City i for the great ebbing of the
Sea at that place, fuifers not any great VeiTel to come
nearer, where dayly the Sea ebbs and falls away from the Ci-
ty two or thr^e Miles, leaving a Mud, which is thought to ,
caufe much Jjnhealthinefs, being feconded with many
muddy and mooriih places about the Town. It con-
lilts of foroc five thoufand inhabitants, and maintains
at leaft eight Cloifiers of Nuns and Friers. I fear'd much
the Heats, and therefore made as much haft out of it as
1 could. I had my choice cf Company by Land and Water
to Portobello. But coniidering the Hardnefs of the Moun-
tains by Land, I refolv'd to go by the River Chiagre h and
fo at Midnight 1 fet out from Panama to Venta de Crazes,
ten or twelve leagues from it. The way is thither
very plain for the moii part, and pleafant in the Morning
and Evening.

Before ten of the clock we got to Venta de Cmzes, where
live none but Mulattos and Black-moors, who belong to
the flat-boats that carry the Merchandiie toPombel. There
I had very good Entertainment by that people, who defir'd
me to preach to them the next Sabbath-day and gave
me twenty Crowns for a Sermon, and Proceffion. Afte£
five days abode there, the Boats fet out, which were
much ftppt in their paiTage down the River \ for
in fome' places we found the Water very low, fo that
the Boats ran upon the Gravel > whence with Foles
and the Strength of the Blac^moorj^ they were tobe lifted
off again , fometimes again we met with fuch Streams

444 SI New Survey Chap. XXI.

as carried us with the fwiftnefs of an Arrow down un-
der Trees and Boughs by the River fide, which fometimes
alto ftopt us till we cut them down. Had not it
pleafed God to fend us after the firft week plentiful
Rain, which made the Water run down from the
Mountains and fill the River ( which otherwile of it
felf is very (hallow") we might have had a tedious and
longer paffage^ but after twelve days we got to the Sea,
and at the point landed at the Can1 le to refreih our felves'
for half a day. Certainly the Spaniards truft to the
Streams and Shallows o that River, which they think will
keep crT any forrain nation, from attempting to come up to
Venta de Cruzes, and from thence to Panama, or elfe they
would ftreñgthen more and fortifie that Caftle, which in
my time wanted great Reparations, and was ready to
fall. The Governour of the Caftle was a notable
Wine-bibber, who plyed us with that Liquor the time
that we ftayed there, and wanting a Chaplain for him-
felf and Soldiers, would fain have had me ftay'd with him i
but greater matters call'd me further, and ib I took my
leave of him, who gave us fome Daintes of freih Meat, Fiih,
and Confer ves, and ib difmiffed us. We got out to the o-
pen Sea, difcovering firft the Efiudo de Veragua, and keep-
ing fomewhat clofe to the land, we went on rowing to-
wards Portobel, till Evening, which was Saturday-Night ;
then we cart Anchor behind a little liland, refolving in
the Morning to enter into Portobel. The Black moors all
that Night kept Watch for fear oí Hollanders, who, they
faid, did often lie in wait thereabouts for the Boats of
Cbiagre i but we palled the night fafely, and next morn-
ing got to Portebello, whofe Haven we obferv'd to be very
ftrong, with two Caftles at the mouth, and conftant Watch
within them, and another call'd St. Miguel further in the
Port.

When I came into the Haven, I was forry to fee that
the Galcons^ were not come from Spain, knowing the
longer I ftay'd in that place, the greater would be my
rfiarges. Yet I comforted my felf that the time of the year

was

Chap.1 XXI. * o/ the Weft-Indies: 445

was come, and that they could not long delay thcu co-
ming. My firft thoughts were of taking up a Lodging,
which at that time were plentiful and cheap, nay fome
weeoifer'dme for nothing, with this Caveat, that when
the Galeons did come, 1 muft either leave them or pay a
dear rate for them. A kind Gentleman who was the
Kings Treafurer,fallingindifcourfe with me, promifed to
hep me, that I might be cheaply lodg'd, even when the
Ships came, and Lodgings were at the higheft rate He
interpofing his Authority, went with me to feelf one, which
at thPe time of the Fleets being there might continue to be
mine. Itwas nobiggerthan would ^^*M * T*"
ble, and a Stool or two, with room enough befide to o-
pen and ihutthe Door, and they demanded of me tor it,
during the forefaid time of the Fleet, fixfeore Crowns,
which commonly is a fortnight. For the Town tag
little and the Soldiers that come with the Gakons for
their defence at leaft four or five thoufand i befides Merr
chants from feru, from Spain, and many other places to
buy and fell, is the caufe that every Room, tho never fo
fmall, be dear, and fomctimes all the Lodgings m the
Town are few enough for fo many people, which at that
time meet at Fortobel I knew a Merchant who gave a
thoufand Crowns for a Shop of reafonable bignefs, to fell
his Wares and commodities that year that I was there, for
fifteen days only, which the Fleet continud in that
Haven. I thought it much for me to give the fixfeore
Crowns demanded of me for a room, which was but
a Moufe-hole, and began to be tioub d, and told the
Kings Treafurer that I had been lately robbd at Sea,
and was not able to give fo much, betides charges
for my diet, which 1 tear'd would prove as much
more. But not a farthing would be abated of what
was ask'd i whereupon the good Treafurer pitying me of-
fer'dto the man of the houfe to ¿pay him three fcore
Crowns of it, if I was able to pay the reft, which
I muft do, or die lie in the Street. Yet till the
Fleet did come, I would not entec into this dear

iieie.

í

r44¡6 rd New Survey Chap. XXL

Hole but accepting of anotherTaí* Lodging, which was
offer d me for nothing. Whilft I thus expeled the Fleets
coming fome Mony and offerings I got for Maffes, and for
two Sermons which I preach'd at fifteen Crowns apiece
I vifited the Caftles, which indeed ieem'd to me veri
ttrongi but what moft I wondrcd at was to fee the
Tu/°f Mu,'s "h!ch ca™ thither from Panama laden
with Wedges of Silvers in one day I told 200 Mules,

¿T .715,h n0thlnS elfe' which werc ™h¿™ in the pu-
Wick Market place, fo that there the heaps of Silver
Wedges lay like heaps of Stones in the Street, without any
fear oí bemg loft. Within ten days the Fleet came, con-
Wting 01 eight Galeons, and ten Merchants ihips, which
forced me to run to my Hole, It was a Wonder to fee the
Multitude of People in thofe Streets which the, Week before
had been empty.

Then began the Price of all things to rife, a Fowl tobe
worth tweive Rials, which in the Main-Land before 2 had
citen bought for one i a pound of Beef then was worth two
Rials, whereas Í had had in other places thirten pound for
Jul* a Rial, and fo of all other Provifion, which ivas
lo excefíive dear, that I knew not how to live but by
■Fiih and Tortoifes, which there are very many, and tho
iomewhat dear, yet were the chespeft Meat I could eat.
It was worth feeing how Merchants fold their Commo-
dities, not by the Ell or Yard ; but by the Piece and Weight,
riot paying in coin'd Pieces of Money, but in Wedges'
which were weigh'd and taken for Commodities. This
Med but fifteen days, whilft the Galeons were lading with
Wedges of Silver, and nothing elfe s fo that for thofe fif-
teen days, 1 dare boldly avouch, that in the world there
js no greater Fair than that of Hoñéé, between the Spanijh
Merchants, and thofe of Fern, Panama, and other parts
thereabouts.

Whilft this traffick was, it hapned to me that which
I have formerly teffiried in my Recantation Sermon at
Fault Church, which if by that means it have not come
to the knowledge of many» I defire again to record it in

this

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 447

this my Hiftory, that to all England it may be publiíh'd i
which was that one day faying Mafs in the chief Church,
after the Gonfecration of the Bread, being with my eyes
ihut at that Piayer, which «he Church oí Rome calls the
Memento for the dead, there came from behind the Altar
a Moufe, which running about, came to the very Bread or
Wafer god. of the Papifts, and taking it in his mouth, ran
away with it, not being perceiv'd by any of the people
who are at Mafs, for' that the Altar was high, by reafon
of the fteps going up to it, and the people far beneath.
But as foon as I open'd my f yes to go on with my Mafs,
and perceiv'd my God floln away, i look'd about the
Altar, and faw the Moufe running away with it*, which on
a fudden did fo ftupifie me, that i knew not well what
to do or fay,and calling my Wits' together, I thought that
if I fliould take no notice of the mifchance, and any body
elfe in the Church ihould, I might juftly be cjueftion'd by
the InquiGtion i but if I (hould call to the people to look
for the Sacrament, then I might be but rebuked for my
Carelefnefs, which of the two I thought would be
mor eafely born,then the Rigor of the Inquifition. Where-
upon not knowing what the people had feen, I turn'd my
felf to them, and call'd them to the Altar, and told
them plainly, that whilft I was in my Memento Prayers and
Meditations, a Moufe had carried away the Sacrament,
and that I knew not what to do, unleis they would help
me to find it again. The people call'd a Prieil that
was at hand, who prefer) tly brought in more of his Coat,
and as if their God by this had been eaten up, they pre-
fently prepared to find out the Thief, as if they would eat
up the Moufe that had fo slíaulíed and abufed their Gcd i
they lighted Candles and Torches to find out the Male*
. faótor in his fecret Places of the Wall; and after much
fearcbing and inquiry for the facrilegious Beaft, they
found at laft in a Hole of the Wall the Sacrament half
eaten up, which with great Joy they took out, and as if
the Ark had been brought again from the YhiUñms to
the Ifraelites^ fo they rejoy'd for their new found God,

whom

I

'448 A New Survey Chap. XXL

whom with many people now reforted to the Church*
with many Candles and Torches, with joyful and fo-
íemn mufick they carried about the Church in Proceflion.
JMyielfwas prefenton my knees, ihaking and quivering
for what might be done to me, and expecting my Doom
and Judgment» as the Sacrament paíTed by me, Iobferv'd
in it the marks of the teeth of the Moufe as they are to be
feen in a piece of Cheefe gnawn and eaten by it.

This flruck me with fuch Horror, that I car'd not at
that prefent whether I had been torn in a thoufand pieces
for denying publickly that Moufe-eaten God. I call'd to
my beft memory all philofophy concerning Subfiance and
Accident, and refolv'd within my felf, that what I faw
gnawn was not an Accident, but fome real Subftance eat-
en and devoured by that vermin, which certainly was fed
and noariíhed by what it had eaten, and Phylofophy well
teacheth, fitbjtantia cibi ( non acáder.tis ) convertitur in fub-
fiantiam al'tti^ the fubiiance (not the accident of the frood
or Meat ) is converted and turned into the fubiiance of
the thing fed by it and alimented; Now here I knew that
ihis Moufe had fed on fome fubftanee, or elfe how could
the marks of the teeth fo plainly appear ? But no Papift
will be willing to anfwer that it fed on the íubíiance of
Chriftsbody, ergo, by good confequence it follows that it
fed on the fubftanee of B^ead, and fo Tranfubitantiation
here in my Judgment was confuted by a Moufe •, which
mean and bafe Creature God chofe to convince me of my
former Errors, and made me now reiolve.cn what ma-
ny years before 1 had doubted, that certainly the point
of Tranfubihntiation taught by the Church of Kowe, is
moft damnable and erroneous» for befide what before ¡have
obferved, it contradicts that Philofophical Axiom,
teaching that duo contradictoria non poffmt fmul & femel de
eedem verificariy two Contradictions cannot at once and at
the fame time be (aid and verified of the fame thing -,
but here it was foj for here in Romes Judgment and Opi-
nion Chrifts body was gnawn and eaten, and at the fame
time the fame Body in another place, and on another

Altas

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 449

Altar in the hands of^another Prieft was not eaten and
gnawn: Therefore here are two Contradictories verified of
the fame Body of Chrift ; to wit it was eaten and gnawn,
and it was not eaten and gnawn. Thefe Impreffions at
that time were fo great in me, that I reiolv'd in my
felf, that Bread really and truly was eaten on the Alar,
and by no means Chrifts glorious Body, which is in Hea-
ven, and cannot be on earth Subject to the tftmger or
Violence of a Creature. Here again I deiVd with godly
David that I might have the wings of a Dove to fly in-
to my Country of England, and there be fatisfied in this
point, and be at reft of Gonfcience. Here 1 refolv'd if
I had been queft ion 'd for my Garekfneís, or for my
Contempt of that Romijh Sacrament ( which I thought
would be the judgment of the Spaniards, who knew me
to be an English-man) that I would facrifice willing-
ly my Life for the Proteftant Truth, which as yet I had
been no other wife taught, but by that Spirit which ( as
Salomon well obferves ) in a man is the Candle of the
Lord. I conceiv'd here that this was fome Comfort to my
Soul which my good God would afford me in the way of
my travelling to Canaan, that I might more willingly
bear whatfoever CroiTes might befal me in my way
to England. The Event of this Accident was not any
trouble that fell on me for it i for indeed the Spani*
ardí attributed it to the Carekfnefs of him who had
Care of the Altars in the Church, and not to any Con-
tempt in me to the Sacrament. The part of the Wafer
that was left after the Moufe had filled her belly, was
laid up after the fokmn Proceilion about the Church, in a
Tabernacle for that purpofe, that afterwards it might be
eaten up by fome hungry Prieft. And becaufe fuch a high
contempt had been offer'd by a contemptible Vermin to
their Bread-god k was commanded thr9trgrr~F<?r?frM that
day, that all -the people ihould humble themfelves "and
mourn, and faft with Bread and Water only. Though I
faw I was not queiiioned for the cafe, yet I fear'd where
¿here were fo many Soldiers and forain people.» that by

fome

45 o A Kem Survey Chap. XXi#

fome or other Í might be mifchiefed out of their blind
Zeal, wherefore I thought it not amifs for a day or two
to keep my Lodging. Von Carlos J.z Ibarra, the Ad-
miral of «hat Fleet, made great hafte to be gone \
which made Merchants buy and fell ap;ce, and lade the
Ships with Silver Wedges j whereof J was glad, for the
more they laded, the l*-.fs I unladed my Purfe with buying
«tear Proviiion, andfoonerl hop'd fobe out of that unheal-
thy place, which of it felf is very hot, and fubjeér to breed
Fevers, nay Death, if the Feet be not preférv'd from wef3
when- it rains -, but efpecially when the Fleet is there,
it is an fopen Grave, ready to f wallow part of. that
numerous people, which then refoit to it, as was
feen the year that 1 was there, when about 500 Sol-
diers, Merchants and Mariners, what with Fevers, and
the Flux caufed by too much eating of Fruit, and
drinking of Water, what with other diforders, loft
their Lives, finding it to be to them not Porto hello,
but Porto malo. And this is ufual every year i therefore for
the relief of thofe that come tick from Sea, or ikktn
there, a great and rich Hofpital is in the Town,
with many Fryers, callM Ve la Capacha, or by others De
Juan de Daw, whofe Calling and Profeflfion is only to cure,
and attend ou the tick, and to bear the dead to their
graves. The Admiral fearing the great ficknefs that year,
made hafte to be gone, not fearing the Report of fome
three or four Holland ox EnglijbShlps abrond at Sea,
waiting (as was fuppofed ) for fome good prize out of
that great and rich Fleet. This news made nae fear,
and tnink of fecuring my felf in one of the beft and
ftrongeft Galeons » but when I came to treat of my paffage
in one of them, I found I could not be carried in any
under 300 Crowns, which was more then I was able
to afford. With this I thought to addrefs my felf
to fome Mafter of a Merchants Ship, .tho I knew I
could not be fo fafe and fecure in them, as in
a Galeón well mann'd with Soldiers, and Guns
of Brafs i yet I hop'd in God, who is a ftrong

Refuge

Chap.XXt. of the Weft-Indies. 451

Refuge tó them that fear him, and now provided for
me a cheap and fure PaiTage. For meeting one day
with my Friend the Treafurer, he again pitying me as
a Stranger, and lately robb'd, commended me to the
Mailer of a Merchant Ship, call'd St. Sebajiian, whom
he knew was deiirousto carry a Chaptein with him at his
owe Table.' I nojfponer addrefs'd mv felfeo him, ufing
the Name and Favour of his and my Friend the Treafurer,
but prefently 1 found ním willing to accept of my company,
promifing to carry me for nothing, and to board
me at his own Table, only for my .prayers to God for
him and his, offering furiher to give me fome Satisfaction'
for any Sermons I ifiould preach in his Ship. I b'cfledL
God, acknowledging in this alfo his Providence, who
in all occafions further'd my return to England. The
Ships being laden we ftt forth for Carthagena and the
fecond day we difcover'd four Ships, which made the
Merchant Ships, afraid, and keep ciofe to the Gileons*
trufting to their Strength more than their own. The
Ship I was in, was fwift and nimble under the wings either
of the Admiral or of fome other of the beft Galeons , but all
the other Merchants Ships were not fo, but fome (lowly came
on behind, whereof two were carryed away by the Mollandifi
in the night, before we could get to Cartagena.

The greateft Fear thai poflefs'd the Spaniards in this
Voyage, was about the liland of Providence, called by
tliem Sta Catarina, or St. Katharine, whence they
feared left fame Englifh Ships mould come again^ them
with great ftrength They cuifed the Englifh in it, and call'd
the liland a den of Thieves and Pirate*, wiihing the King
of Spain would take fome courfe with it, or elfe that
it wouid prove very prejudicial to the Spaniards, lying near
the mouth of the P¿/úg«^er<?, and fo endangering the Fii-
%us of Granada, and itanding berween fonobd and Or*
tagenaf and fo threatning'the Galeons, aud their Kings'
yearly and mighty Trcafurc.

Thus, with bitter Invectives agajnft the 'Englifh and the
liland of irovidence, we faldón to C&ibagtná wheie fgain

G g W3

*

4 j % A New Survey Chap.XXl.

we met with the four Ships which before had follow'd
us, and had taken away two of our Ships, and now at out
entring into the Port, threatned to have carried away
more of our Company -, which they might have done, if
they would have veotur'd upon the Ship wherein
I went, Which at the turning about the Land point
to get into the Haven, ran afhore, which if it had been
rocky, as it was fandy and gravelly, had certainly
been caft away, by keeping too near the Land > from
which Danger by the Care of the Mariners, and their
active Pains, we were fafely delivered, as alfo from the
Ships which followM us as far as they durft for fear of the
Canon of the Caftle \ and thus we entr'd into the Ha-
ven of Cartbagena, and ftay'd there eight or ten days,
where I met with fome of my Country-men there Pri-
foners , who had been taken at Sea by the Spaniards ,
and belonged to the Iflind of Providence , among whom
was the renown'd Gapt. Roufe and about a dozen
more , with whom I was glad to meet, but dutft not
íhzw them too much countenance, for fear of being
f ufpe&ed j yet I foon got the good will of fome of them,
who being deftin'd to Spain, were very defirous to go in
the Ship wherein I went, which delire of theirs I further 'd,
and was iuiter to my Captain to carry four of them,
which for my fake he willingly yielded to i amognft
thtie was one Edward Layfield ( who afterwards fet-
ting out of St. Lucar for England, was taken captive
by the Turki , and iince from Turkey writ into England to
me to help to releafe him ) with whom both at Cartbagena,
and in the way in the Ship I had great difcourfe concer-
ning points of Religion, and by him came to know fome
things profefs'd in England, which my Conference ( while
] lived in America ) much inclined to. I was mach, ta-
ken with his Company, and found him very officious to
TOi£ whofc Kindnefs 1 requited by fpcaking for him in the
Ship to the SVhiterand Mariners, who otherwife were for-
ward to abufc him and the reft of the Englijb Company.
a< Prifoners and Slaves.

At

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 45}

At Cartbagena we heard a report of do Sail of Hol-
landers waiting for the Galeons, which ftruck no little
Fear into the Spaniards > who calfd a Council whether
our Fleet íhould winter there, or go unto Spam, h
prov'd but a falfe report of the Inhabitants of Car-
tbagena, who for their own Ends and Lucre would
willingly have had the Ships and Galeons Have itaid rhcrei
but Von Carlos de Ibarra reply *d, that he fear'd not
100 Sail of Hollanders, and therefore would go on to
Spain, hoping to carry thither fafely the Kings Trea-
fure. Which he perform'd, and in eight days arrive at
Havana, where we ftaid eight days longer, expecting
the Fleet from Vira Cruz* In which time I view'd well
that ftrong Caftle roann'd with the twelve Guns, caifd
tbe twelve Apoftles, which would do little hurt to an Army
by Land, or marching from the River of Matanfos. Ivifited
here the Mother of that Mulatto, who had taken away all
my means at Sea, and fpent much time in comforting
my poor Country-men the Prifoners, but efpeciaSly that
Gallant Capt. Rettfe, who came to me to complain
of fome affronts which had been orTer'd him by the Spa-
niards in the Ship wherein he came *, which he not
being able t&putup, though a Prifoner to them, de-
fired to queftion in the Field, -challenging his proud
contemners to meet him, if they durft in any place of tbe
Havana, (a brave courage in a dejecTd and imprifon'd
Englifh'Ñlzn, to challenge a Spaniard in his Country, a
Cock on his own Dunghil, ) which as foon as I under-
ftood by Edward Layfield, I deiir'd to take up, fearing
that many would fall on him cowardly and mince him
fmall in pieces. I fent for him to the Glpiikr where I
lay ; and there I had Conference with him, prevailing fo far
that I made him defift from, his thoughts of going into
the Field, and ihewing his Manhood in fuch a time and
Place, where his low Condition of a Prifoner might well
excufe him. The reft of my Poor Counrry-men were here
much difcourag'd, and in frne Want, whom I telievM'
fcfpecially Layfield) and encourag'd as much as i wa*
G ¿z t&fcii

454 ¿New Survey Chap. XXI.

able, I chanced here to have occafion to take a little
Phyfick before I went to Sea, and thereby I learn'd
what before I never knew, to wit, the Diet which on fuch
a day the beft Phyficians of Havana prefcribe to their Pa-
tients. Whereas after the working of my Phyfick, I expected
a piece of Mutton, or a Fowl, or fome other nounífaing
meat, my Thyfician left order that I íhould have a piece of
roited Pork, which feeming to me a diet contrary to
that days Extremity, I refuted it, alledging to my Dc&or
the contrary courfe of all Nations, the Natural Quality
of that Meat to open the Body. To which he replied,
that what Pork might work on mans Body in other
Nations.- it worked not there, but the contrary i and fo he
wiuYd me to feed on what he had prefcribed, affuring
me it would do me no hurt. Now as Hogs-Flefti there
is held to be fo nouriihing, fo like wife no other Meac
h more than it and Tortoifes, wherewith all the Ships make
their Provition for Spain. The Tortoifes they cut out in
Sbng thin Slices, as I have noted before of the fajfajosj and
dry it in the wind after they have well falted it3 and fo ie
fcrves the Mariners, in their Voyage to Spain, which
they eat boil'd with a little Garlick, and I have heard
them fay, that to them it taitecV as well* as Veal. They
alfo take rnto their Ships fome Fowls for the Mailers and
Captains fables, and live Hogs, which would feem e-
siough to breed Infection in the Ship, had they not
care to waih often the place where fuch unclean Beads
lie. In the Ship where! was PaiTenger, was kill'd every week
one for the Maikts, Pilots, and Paifengers Table.

Thus-all things being ready for the Ships Provifion to Spain,
and the Merchants Goods, and the Kings Revenue being
fh-'pt in ■ nrne days that we abode there j we now wan-
ted nothing, hut the Fleet from Vera Crttz> which íhould
b'i-ve met us there on the eighth of September. But
Dan CarloT de Ibarra, feeing it Iby'd longer than the
time appointed, and fearing the Weather, and the New
Hi on of that Month which commonly proves dan-
'gernusin the Golf of Bahama, reiolv'd to flay no longer,

but

Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 455

buttofet out to Spain. On a Sabbath-day therefore in
the morning we hoifed fails, (being in all feven and
twenty Ships with thofe which had met us there from
Honduras and the Iflands ) and one by one wefail'd out
of tne Havana to the main Sea, where we that day wafted
about for a Wind, and alio waiting for our Guide,
which was not yet come out of the Havana to guide us
through the Gulf of Bahama» But chat night we wiih'd
our (elves again in the Havana, thinking we were
compaffed about with a ftrorig Fleet of Hollanders^ many
Ships came among us, which made us prov de for a Fight
in the Morning. A Council of War was caild and all that
night Watch was kept, the Guns prepaid, red Cloths hung
round the Ships, Orders fent about to the Gascons and
Merchants Ships what Poftuie and Place tobe in. That
which I was in, was tojattend the Admiral, which Ihop'd
would be a firong Defence to us Our men were coura-
gious and ready to Fight, though I liked not fuch Martial
bufineis and difeouríe i but for me a place was prepai'd
where I might lie iafe among fome Barrels of Bis-
Jcef* I had all the Night enough to do* to hear the Gonfef-
fionsof thofe in the Ship, who thought they could not die
happily with the ihot of a HUland Bullet, till they had
confefs'd their Sins to me, who towards Morning
had more need of Reft , than Fighting , after the
wearying my Ears with hearing fo many wicked, grie-
vous, and abominable Sins. But the dawning of the
day difcovered ourcaufelcfs Fear, which was from Friends,
and not from any Enemies or Hollanders ; for the Ships
which were joyn'd to us in the Night, were as
fearful of us, as we of them, and prepar'ci themfelves
likewiie to Fight in the Morning, which iliew'd us
their Colours, whereby we knew that they were the
Fleet which we expected from FeraCmz, to go along
with us to Spain. They were two and twenty Sail,
which little thought to find us out of the Havana,
but within the Haven lying at Anchor, waiting for
«.heir coming , and therefore in the Night i'earM
G g 3 lis

I

4 5 6 A New Survey Chap. XXL

us much more than we them. Bui when the day clear'd
°ur Doubts and Fears, then began the Martial Colours
to be taken down, the joyful Sound of Trumpets, with
the help of Neptunes Kingdoms eccho'd from Ship to
Ship, the Boats carried welcoming Meflages from one to
another, the Spanijb Brindis with buen Viaje, buen Pajfajey
was Generally cryed, the whole Morning fpent with
friendly Acclamations and Salutations. But in the midft
oí this our Joy and Sea- greetings, we being now in
all two and fifty Sail, (yet we not knowing well how
many they were from Vera Cruz, nor they how ma-
ny we were from the Havana ) two Ships were found
amongtf us, (whether Englijh or Hollanders, we could not
well difcover, but the Englijh Priioners with me told me
they thought one was a Ship ot England cz\Y¿ the Neptune)
which having got the Wind of us, fingl'd out a Ship of
ours which (beicng'd to Dun\er\y and from S. Lucar or
Cahs had been forced to the Kings Service in that Voyage
to the IndiaX laden with Sugars and other rich Commo-
dities, to the worth of at leait 8oo0o Crowns, ) and
fuddenly giving her a whole broad fide ( receiving a
reply only of two Guns) made her yield, without any
hope of help from fo proud and mighty a fleet, for that
(he was too far ftraggl'd from the reit of the Ships. The
whole Bufincfs laikd not above half an hour, but pre-
fently (he was carried away from under our Nofes i the
Spaniards chang'd their merry Tunes into voto a dios, and
votoaChrifto, in raging, and curling and (wearing fome revi-
ling of the Captain of the Ship which was taken, faying
he wasfalfe, and yielded on purpofe without fighting, be-
caufe he was forced to come that Voyage ■■> others curling
fhofethst took fur, and ca ¡ling them hijos de puta, Borra-
chos, infames Laovoties, Baítards , Drunkards, infamous
Thieves, and Pirates \ fome taking their Swords in their
banc's, as ii thty would cut them in pieces, fome laying
hold of their Muskets, as if they would there (hoot them,
fjthcts flamping like mad men, and running about the
|hi,jp, as if they would leap over board, and make hafie

aft?i

Chap. XXL of the Well-Indies. 457

after them i others grinning at the poor E«# P| ¡ifo-
nersthat were in the Ship, as if they woudftabthem
for what r thev (aid ) their Couutry- Men had done. I mutt
needs fay, I had enough to do to hold fome of thofc F uncus
and raging brains from doing Layfield a mifchiet, who
more than the reft would be ftniling, arguing, ami an-
iwering their outragious Noniencc. Order was prefently
Riven to the Vice Admiral and two moreGaleons to pur-
fue them: but all in vain, for the Wind was agamft
them, and fo the two Ships laughing and rqoycing as
much as the Spaniards curfed and rag'd, fail d away con
Viento enPopa, with full Sail, Gallantly boafiing with fo
Rich a prize taken away from two and titty Ships, or ( as
I may fay) from the chiefeft and greateft ftrength ofc

\f bat afternoon the Fleet of Vera Cruz, took their leave
of us, C not being furniftYd with Provifion to go on to
Spain with us ) and went into the Havana \ and we let for-
ward to Évrtiei fearing nothing for the «¡dent but the
Gulf of Bahama, through which we got fefelf with the
help and guidance of fuch Pilots, which our Admiral Von
Carlos had chofen, and hired for that purpofe.

1 ihall not need to tell my Reader, of the fight which
we had of St. Auguflm, Florida, nor of the many btorms
we fuffer'd in this Voyage, nor of the many degrees we
came under, which made us (hake with cold more than
the Frofts of England do in the worft oí Winter, only
I fay that the beft of our Pilots not knowing Where
they were, had like to have betray'dus all to the Rocks
oí Bermuda, one Night, had not the breaking ot the day
given us Warning that we were running upon them, t or
which the Spaniards inftead of giving God thanks tor
their delivery out of thvt Danger, began again to curie
and rage againtt the Englijb, which inhabited that lllancl,
faying that they had indented that and the reft ot tnoje
lilands about, and did ftill with the Devil Kaife Storms in
thofeSeas when the Spa>ú(h'¥\w pafsM that way.; frrom
thence when we had .lafJy efcap'd, we faild well to

G g 4 tnc

45 8 J New Survey Chap. XXI.

ths fíUrsds calFd Terceras , where fain we would have
taken in frefli Water, (for that which we had taken in
zi Havana, now began ioftink, and look yellow, making
us ftop our Nofes, whilft we open'd our Mouths, J} but
rigid Dm Carlos would not pity the reft of his Company,
who led ns by the iflands •, and the Night following we
all wiúYd our (elves in fome Harbour of them ; for
( though in their coneeit thofe filands were not inchan-
ted by Englifb-McTi, but inhabited by holy and Idolatrous
Papiiis ) we were no fooner got from them, when there
roie the greateft Storm we had in all our Voyage from
Havana to Spain,, which tailed full eight days, where
; we loft one Sidp and indanger'd two Galeons, which ibot
oil their warning. pieces for Help, and made us all iky and
wait on them,. till they had repair'd their Tackling and
main- Matt. We wen? on fometimes one way, fometimes
another, not well knowing where we were, drinking our
(linking water by allowance of Pints, till three or four days
after the fiorra wasceafed, we difcover'd Land, which made
all cry out, Hifpania, Hifpania, Spain, Spain; whilft a
Council wasfummon'd by the Admiral to know what Land
that was '■> fome fold away Bisket, oihers Water, to
thqfe that wanted ( evexy one thinking that it ¿as ¿me
part of Spain ) but the refult of the wife Council was, after
they had iúVá nearer die Í and, and had laid and lcil
many Wagers abour it, that it was the líland oí Madera,
which made icme cuife the ignorance of the Pilots, and
made all us prepare' our felves with Pat'encc for a longer
Voyage. It pleas'd God from the difcovery of this IflUncJ,
to grant us_a Favorab'e Wind to Spain, where within 12
days we diícover'd Cala \ and fome of -the Ships there left
us, but moft of them Went for San Lucar, as did the
Ships wherein I went ; when #e came near the dangerous
Place, which the Spaniards cúl La Barra, we durft not ven-
ture our Ships orí cur Pilots own knowledge i but call'd for
Pilots to Guide us in,, who greedy of Lucre came out
in Bears almoííí 05 every Ship on:. Ñs¡yfmher$&) 1637. we

. ' ' caft

Chap. XXI. «/ the Weft-Indies. 459

cjrfl Anchor within St. hucar de Barameda about one of the
clock after noon, and before Evening other Paifengers
and my felf went a (hoar ( having firft been fearch'd ) and
thought Htaightprefently have gone to thcCloifter ofS. Po-
minick^ where my old Frier Pablo de Londres was yet living,
whom I knew would be glad of my coming from the India's,
yet I thought fit the iirft Night to enjoy my Friends both
Spaniards ^¿Englijh, (who had come fo long a Voyage
with me ) in fome Ordinary, and to take my Reft better
abroad than I ihould do in a Cloiíkr, where 1 e«pe&ed
but a poor Friers Supper, a hard and mean Lodging, many
Fooliih Queftions from old Frier Pablo concerning the
India's and my abode there fo many years, and finally
the noife ot Bells and Ratks to roufe the drowfie Friers
from|heir Sleep to Matins at Midnight, That Night there-
fore I betook my felf to an Englijh Ordinary, where I re-
freih'd my felf and my poor Prifoners, ( who by the Mafter
of the Ship were commited to my Charge that N'ght and
forward on my Word, fo as to be forthcoming when
they ihould be call'dj and next Morning I ient ray
honeft Friend Layfield with a Letter to the Cioifter to old
Pablo dt Londres, who on my Summons came joyfully to
welcome me from the indias, and after very Utile difcourfe
told me of Ships in the Haven ready to fet out for E««
gland. The old Frier being of a decrepit and doting age,
thought every Day a Year that I ftay'd there, delaying
my Voyage for England, and ( not, knowing the fecrets of
my Heart ) judg'd already that the Conyeriion or turning
of many Proteftant Souls to Popery waited my coming,
which made him haften me, who was more deiirous than
he to be gone next day, if I might have found Wind,
Weather and Shipping. Bui God, who had been with
meinalmoft po days failing from Havana to San Lu-
car, and had delivered me from many a itorm, prepar'd
and further'd ail things in a very ihort time for the laft
accompliihment of my Hope and delire, to return to £«-
gland my native Soil, whence 1 had been abfent almoft
four and twenty years»

My

4¿®

A New Survey Chap. XXL

My firft thought here in St. Lucar, was to caft off now
my Friers Weed, that outward Sheepskin, which covers
many a wolvifh, greedy and covetous heart, which
doubtlefs is the Ground, why in Germany, in the Proteftant
and Lutheran Towns, when the Boys and young-men fee a
Frier go along ftreets, they cry out to the Neighbours,
faying, a Wolf, a Wolf, (hut your doors i meaning, that
tho what they wear feem to be pellis ovina, or agnina, a
Sheep or Lambskin and their Condition of mortined,humble
and meek men, yet under it is cor Lupinum, aWolves
heart, greedy of feme Prey, either worldly, of wealth and
Riches, or fpiritual, of feducing, deceiving and mifleading
poor Souls. Such was the Habit, which now I defn'd
to fliake off, which was a white Coat or Gown hanging
to the ground girt about with a leathern Belt, and over
it from the (boulders downward a white Scapulary (fo
calPd) hanging fhorter than the Gown both before
and behind, and over that a white Hood to cover the Head
and laftly, over that a black Cloak with another black Hoodi
both which together, the black and white make the Friers
of that Profeffion look juft like Mag-pies, and acknowledge!
by the Church of Kome itfelf in a verfe which they feign
of Martin Luther* ( with what ground I know not )
faying of bis former Life and Profeflion before his Con-
verfion, Bis Corvus, his Pica fui, ter fune ligatut, I was
twice a Crow, twice a Magpie, and thrice was bound or
ryed with a Cord ; by a Crow meaning an Auguftine
Frier, who is all in black ; by a Magpie, meaning a Domu
nicans and by hound with a rope or Cord, meaning a
Francifcan, who indeed is girt about with a Cord of
hemp. Though the Dominican Magpie by this his Habit
make a Glofs and Undemanding, contrary to his Life
and Convention i tor by his outward black Habit,
he faith, is lignified an outward ihew of Deadnefs and
Mortification to the world, and by his inward white Habit
an inward Purity and Chafiity of heart, thoughts and
life i both which truly are little feen, in thofe Fliers
eipeciaily, who outwarldly are wordly, and living to the

:hap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 46 i

vorld, covetous and ambitious of Honours, Preferments,
Siihopricks, and places of publick reading and preaching -,
md therefore have obtainM many places of authority,
is by the laws of Aragón to be the King of Spain his
GhoÜly father, to be Matters of the Popes Palace, and
mere to read a Leffon of Divinity, tobe chief Heads of the
Inquifition, and from thefe Places to be promoted to
the Counfel of State in Spain, or to be Cardinals in Rome,
andfo Popes, or to injoy the richeft and fátteít Biíhop-
ricks and Arch- Biihop ricks in Spain, Italy, and India\
which (hews how little they are dead to the World, nay
how they are living to the World and its Preferments, con-
trary to the Black and dead Colour of their Habits. So like-
wife do they not live according to the whitenefs of their
inward Habit, whofe Lives are impure and inchait, as-
I could exemplifie at large, (hewing what bafe and
unclean Afts have been committed by Tome of that Pro-
feflion in the Low Countries, Spain, the Indias, Italy
nay here in England by one Dade the Superior of them,
one Popbam well known to be a good fellow, and at
this day abiding in the Spanijh Houfe, by one Crafts
and others, which would be too too long a Digreffion from
the Whitenefs of their Habit. But I applying the Allegory
of this Black and white Habit other wife to my felr,
in the outward black part of it fee the Foulnefs and
Filthinefs of my Life and Idolatrous priefthood in the exer-
cife of that Profeffion and Orders, which from Rome I
receiv'd, and in the white inward Habit coniidering
the Purity, and Integrity of thofe Intentions and thoughts
of my inward Heart, in purfuarce whereof I had left
what 1 have noted, yea all America, which, had I
continu'd in it, might have been to me a Mine of Wealth,
Riches and Treafure i and refolve here to caii orf that
hypocritical Cloak and Habit, and to put on fuch
Apparel whereby I might no more appear a Wolf in
fheepskin, but might go boldly to my Country of
Ungland, to (hew and make known the Candor oí
my Heart, the purity and (Sincerity of my Thought?,

fey

1

:

I

46 % A New Survey Chap. XXL

by a pubiick Profeffion of the pure Truths of the Gofpel,
without any invention or Addition of Man. With
the fmall means therefor e left me after fo long and
almoft ¿ whole years Journey -from P etapa to St. Lu-
ear( having yet about a hundred Crowns ) I -gave Order
for a fute of Cloaths to be made by an Englijh Taylor,
which I willingly put on, and prepar'd my fc]f for En-
gland. Three or four Ships were ready, who had only
waited for the Fleet, to take in feme Commodities,
efpecially fome Wedges of Silver, of which I was with old
Vablq de Londres, if doubt which to choofe. The firli that
west out was thought ihould have been my Lor, in which
my friend Lay f eld imbarkd himleif ( for all the Englifh
Priibners were there ficed to go home to their Country;
and from which the Providence of God diverted me, or
eífe I had been this day with Layfield & Slave in Turkey i
for next day after this Ship fet out, it was taken by
the Turkic and carried away Prize, and all the Englifh
in it Pr jfoners to Argiers. But God ( who I hope had
referv'd me for better things, ) appointed for me a fa-
fer Convoy home in a Ship Cas i was inform'd ) belon-
ging to SxiWilliam Curftn, under the command of an honcft,-
F lemming, nam'd Adrian Adrianzeu living at Dover then,
with whom I agreed for my PaiTage and Diet at his Table.
This Ship fet out of the Bar of St. Lucar the ninth day after
my Arrival ttoere, where it waited for four Ships
more, but efpecially for fome Indian Wedges of Silver,
which upon Forfeiture of them it durft not take in within
the Bar and Haven.

Thus being cloath'd after a new fafliion and
ready to lead a new Life; changed from an American
to an E«g/(/^- Man, the tenth day after my abode
in San Lucar, I bad adieu to Spain and all Spanifh Fa-
íhions, and Factions, and to my old Frier Pablo de
Londres, with the reft oí my acquaintants, and fo in a
Boat went over the Bar to the Ship, which that night in
company of four more fet forward for England. I might
obfcrve here many things of theGoodncfs of Adrian AM-

anzen,

:hap. XXI. o/ the Weft-In<Mes. 4¿j

nzen, and his good Carriage to me in hit Ship, whieh I
vill omit, having much more to obferve of the Goodnefs
>f God, who Favour 'd this our voyage with fuch a profpe-
ous Wind, and without any Storm, fhat in thirteen
lays we came to Vover> where I landed, the Ship going
)n to the Downs. Others «hat Janded at Margate were
wrought to Dover, and there Queftion'd and fearch'di but
[,not fpeaking Englifh, but Spani/h, was not at all fufpeded,
lor judg'd to be an EnglifbMan ; and fo after two days
[ took Poft in company of fome Spaniards and an Irijh
Colonel for Canterbury and fo to Gravefend. When I
:ame to London, I was much troubled within my felf for
vant of my Mother tongue, ( for I could only ipeak fome
woken words) which made me fear I ihould not be acknowl-
edged tobe an E»g///k-Man born. Yet I thought my kindared
[ who knew I had been many years loft ) would fome way
brother acknowledge me, and take notice of me, if at the
íirft I áddreís d my felf to fome of them, till I could
setter exprefs my felf in Englijh. The fir ft therefore of
ny name, whom I had notice of, was my Lady Penelope
Sage, Widow of Sir John Gage, then living in St. Jones 5
rowhom next morning after my arrival to London, iad-
árefs'd my felf for better difcovery of my Kindred v
whom though I knew to be Papifts, and therefore
Dught not to be acquainted with my inward Purpofe and Re^
(blution i yet for fear of feme Want in the mean time, and
that I might by their means pra&iie my felf in my for-
gotten native Tongue, and that I might enquire what
Childs part had been left me by my Father, that I might
learn Faihions, and lafily that I might fearch into the
Religion of England, and find how far my Conference
:ould agree with it, and be fatiified in thofe Scruples
which had trcubld me in America, for all thffe Rea-
fons I thought it not amifs to look and enquire af-
ter them. When therefore I came to my Lady Gagey
[he believ'd me to be hqr KinSman, but lauglvd at
me, telling me, that f fpake like an Indian, or Welch
Man, and not like an EngUJb-Man j yet (he wekom'd m©

home*/

I

¥4

A New Survey Chap.XXI

home, and fent me with a Servant to a Brother Lodging
in Long Atyr, who being in the County of Surry , and
hearing of me, fent Horfe and Man for me to come to keep
Chriftmas with an Uncle of mine living at Gatton > by
whom as a loft and forgotten Nephew, and now after four
and twenty years return'd home again, 1 was very kindly
enter tain'd, and from thence fent for to Cbeam> to one
Mr. Fromand another Kinfman, with whom I continued
till Twelfth^ day, and fo return'd to London to my
Brother.

Thus my good Reader, thou feeft an American, through
many dangers by Sea and Land, now fafely arriv'd in En-
gland, and thou mayft well with me obferve the great
and infinite Goodnefs and Mercy of God towards me a
wicked and wretched Sinner. 1 íhall only give thee fome
ihort Rules towards undemanding the Foconcbi or Indian
Language, and fo conclude.

Some

Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indies; 46$

Some brief and [bort fltyks for the better lear-
ning of the Indian migue call'd Poconchi
Or Pocoman, commonly ufed about Guate-
rmhjtid fome other parts of Honduras.

ALthough it be true that by the daily convention
which in mot) places the Indians have with the
Spaniards, they for the moft part underftand the
Spanifh tongue in common and ordinary words, fo that
a Spaniard may travel amongft them, and be underftood
In what he calleth for by fome or other of the Officers,
who are appointed to attend upon all fuch as travel and
pafs through their Towns j Yet becaufe the perfed know-
ledge of the Spanijh tongue is not fo common to all Indians
both Men and Women, nor fo generally fpoken by them as
their own, therefore the Priefts and Friers have taken pains
to learn the Native tongues of feveral places and Coun.-
tries, and have ftudied to bring them a form and me-
thod of Rules, that fo the ufe of them may be continued to
fuch as íhall fuccétd af;er them. Neither is there any one
language general to all places, but fo many feveral and
different one from another, that from Chupa and Zoques,
to Guatemala, and San Salvador, and all about Honduras,
there are at leafx eighteen fe vera! Languages i and in this
diftri& fome Friers who have perfectly learned fix or
fevenof them. Neither in any place are the Indians taught
or preached unto but in their Native and Mother-tongue,
which becaufe the Prieft only can fpeak, therefore are they
fo much loved and refpcéred by the Natives. And although

for

1

7

I

466 A New Sumy Chap. XXI.

for the time I lived there, I learned and could fpeak in
two feveral tongues, the one calPd Cbacciquel, the other
Voconcbi or Yocoman, which have fome connexion one with
another i yet the Poconcbi being the eafiePr, and mofl elegant,
and that wherein 1 did conftantly preach and teach, I
thought fit to fet down fome rules of it, ( with the Lords
Prayer, and a brief declaration of every word in it ) to
witnefs and teuifie to pofterity 'th$ truth of my being in
thofe parts, and the Manner how thofe Barbarous tongues
have, arc, and may be learned.

There is not in the Toconebi tongue, nor in any other the
diverfity of declenfions, which is in the Latine Tongue ; yet
there is a double way of declining all Nouns, and con-
jugating all Verbs, and that is with divers Particles, accor-
ding to the words beginning with a Vowel ora Confonant^
neither is there any difference of Cafes, but only fuch as the
faid particles or fome Prepofitions may diftinguiih.

The Particles for the words or Nouns beginning with
a Confonant, are as followeth.

Sing.- N«, A,Ru. Plural. Ca, Ata, guitatqut. As for
example, fat fignifleth a Hoúfe, andTa* fignirieth Father,
which are thus declin'd. ■

Sing Nupat my Houfe, Apat thy Houfe,R«/**, his
Houfcv Plural. Capat our Houfe, Apatta your Houfe, guiptt
tacquz their Houfe.

Sing. Nutat my Father, Atat thy Father, Ruut his
Father. Plural Catat our Father, Atata your Father i
@mtatacque^hút Father. Thus are declin'd Nouns,
beginning with a Confonant. As, gueh, a Horfe, Ntt-
cmb Aqmh &&*> &c' Hítb> Book °r PaPcr> Nuhtfh>
Ahub; Rubub. Molob. Egg, Numolob, Amolob.i Rumolok
Rohm. Head, Nubolom, Aholom, Rubolom, Cbt, Mouth,
Nttcb¿ Atbi, Rucbi. Cam, Hand, Nucam, AcamrRucam.
Cbac Vlefo, Nucbac, Acbac, Rmbac. Car. Fiih, Nucar,
Acar Rucar. Cacar, Acarta, guicartaqtte. Cbacqml,
Body or Fkih of MznjSiucbaquil, Acbaqml, Rucbaqml,
Cacbacquil, Acbaquilta, gyicbaqmli acepte.

Some words there are which are pronounce

Chap. XXL óf the Weft-Indies; 467

which are written not with */, but with this le'ter *33
peculiar in that tongue; as tfi dog, tjjquin bird > Nmfi
my Dog, Aifi thy Dog, Rutfi his Dog ; Catfi our Dog,
Atfua your Dog, gaitfi tacque their Dog, Mitfrqmn,
my Bird, ¿*/?0»i« thy Bird, Rutfiqmn, his Bird i Gfr.
fqtttH our Bird, Atfiqmnta, your Bird, gatf/? quint aequo
their Bird.

There are no íeveral terminations for cafes,^ as in Lada ¡
but the cafes are diftinguiihed with iome pa? tides or prepo-
fitions, as for example. The houfe of Peter, RupatFedr^
putting the pofíefíors name, and the. particle^?», which
is a pofleflive. So for the dative, and the particle Re, as for
example^ give to Peter his Dog, Chaye re Pedro Rutf.. for
the accüfative, when it is motion to a place, or elfe not,
add Chi ; as for example , I go to the houfe of Peter, gheinó
chi rupat Pedro, The Vocative admitteth of this particle ¡j ah,
or ba, of wiihing, or calling, as O my fon, or ho my fon,
Ah vacun, or ha vacnn. The Ablative keeping fiill the fame
termination with the Nominative, is exprtffed wkh fomc
prepofition or other, as in my mouth, Tan muchi i with ray
hand, chi mtcam, Zwilgnifying I, is undeclinable, as alio At i
fignifying you, or thou. The poifcflive Mineisalfc
clinable, as vkh'm, mine, or for me jfo thine, or for thee,
ave. Where note that in this Tongue there is no no, but f ,
or», are pronounced as n?, as though we pronounce wacuri
my fon, mchin mine or for me, avot thine or for thee , we
write vacm, vichin ave.

The particles or letters which ferve for Nouns beginning
with a vowel, are asfollowetrn Singul. V, Av. R. Plural.
C. or g. Av. ta. Cm or qn. tacque, as for example, Acun
fignifieth fon, Ixim Corn, Ochoch likewife houfe, which are
thus declined.

Sing. Vacnn my fon, Avacntt, thy fon, Racun his fon.
tí, Caeün our fon, Avacunta your fon3 Cacuntacqm their fon¿

Sing. Vixim my corn, Avixim thy corn, Rixim his
coin» Plural, gttixim our corn, Avicimta your corn,
^¡ehtim tacque thtit corn.

SH^Jfteréí M ho9fe? Avomb thy houfe, RwW'his
H H - houfe,'

;

4¿8 rANew Survey Cfiap.XXI.

houfe j Plural. Cochoch our houíe, Avochocha your houfe,
Cocbocbtaque their houfe.

So likewiíe are varied or declined Abix, fígnifying a
plantation,or piece of ground fown. Acal earth or ground.
Vim, alio earth or ground. Acbacb, hen. Save only that
the words beginning with I, admit qu, in the firft and third
pcrfon plural , the reft admit for the fame pcrions plural,
C only.

And as thus I have obfer ved for the varying or declining
of Nouns, fo aifo do all the Verbs admit oí feveral piracies
for their conjugating, according as they begin either wiih a
vovel or confonant,

Thoie that begin wiih aConfonant have fomewhat like
the Nouns thefe Articles following.

Sin. JNTtf, Na, l>iru.P\mú Inca, Nata, Inqmtacque. As
for example, Locob to love.

Sing. Nulocob , I love, Naiocoh thou loveit, Inrttlocoh he
loweths Plural. Incalocob we love, Naiocbota, ye love,
fagmlocobtacque they love.

Nttroca or Nurapa, I whip or beat* Naroco or Norapa?
thou whippeft or beaten i Inrureca, or Inmrapa, he whip-
peth or beatetb. Plural. Incaroca or Incarapa, we whip or
beat. Narocata, or Narapata, ye whip or beat j Inquirocba-
tacbe or Inquirtpatacque, they whip or beat.

Nutfiba I write, Natfiba thou wriieft, Inrutfiba he
writeth. Plural. Incatfiba , we wriie, Natpbata ye write,
Inquitfibatacque , they write.

There is no preterimperfecl: tenfe, n or preterpluperfed
tenfei but the preterperredfr tenfe ftandeth for thtnr, neither
is there any future, but the prefent tenfe expreifeth it, and
isunderüood for it, according to the fenfe of the difcourfe,
as Nulobo Pedro, I love or will love Peter, Tmulocob, i
love thee, or 1 will love thee. Yet lometimes for fuller ex-
preffion of the future tenfe, is added this Verb, Inval will,
Nava thou wilt, Inta he will i as Inva nulocob Pedrol will
love Peter.

The -panicles for the Preterperfe# tenfe are as

follow :

Sing.

Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies; 46?

Sing. IxMy 5W, ixru. i Plural lxca, xatt, ixqui tacque-
Where note, that in all thefe particles, and in all this lan-
guage, the letter x is pronounced like Jb, as ixm like ijhn*t
xay like Jha, ixru like ijhm, ixca like ifhcä, and io forth.

Preterperf. Sing. Ixnulocob I have loved, xalocoh thou haft
loved, ixmlocob he hath loved , Plural. lxcatooA we have
loved, »iAw¿ ye have loved, ixqailocobtacque they have
loved. Aod fo of the Verbs above.

The particles for the imperative mood are theie follow-
ing.

For the Singular number, and fecond perfon Cbajox the
third perfon lingular Cbim, for the hrft perfon plural Chica,
for the fecond Chata, for the third Cbiqui tacque^ as for
example; Cbalocoh love thou, Cbimhcé let him love i
Plural. Chicalocoh let us love, Cbalocobta love ye, Chiquito,
tdftaeqüe, let them love. And fo of the reft of the Verbs
above.

The Optaiive Mood is the fame with the indicative, ad-
ding to it this pmicle 7a, which fignifieth ss much as
Vtinam, or Would to Cod, zsNalocobtaVios, would God
thou love God : Ixnulocob u Vios, would God I had loved

God.

TheConjunóHve Mood alfo is the fame with the indi-
cative, adding to it this particle and prcpotitson vei and
ta, If. As for example, vei nahcob ta Vios, if thou love
God, vei ixnulocob ta Dios, if I had loved God.

There is no Infinitive Mo< d, but the Indicative fcrveth
for it. As guinchol ntttfiba I can write. Quinquimi iigni-
fieth to die. Nnracb I delire, Nurcach quinquimi í delire to
die. '.; j

Note further, that in all Verbs Adtve*, when Me and
thee are expréíTed as the Accufauve cafe following the
Verb, they are coupled to the perfon that doth or goqch be-
fóte the verb, by theie two particles for the prefent tenfe,
g»j« me, Xithee, and for the preterpesfeér tenfe^r xin rr,e,
ixti thee i as for example. #.

gttinalocob thou loveft me, xinalocob thou haft loved me»

wnrahceh thou wilt love me, quinalocbota love me, oí

H ha I

'47 o J New Survey XXI. Chap;

I pray God thou love me, vei quinalocob, if thou love me,
vei exinahcsb Mthow haftorhadft loved me, quinar acb nalo-
cob> thou defireft to love me. So for the Second peiibn being
the Accusative, Tmuhcob I love thee , ixtinulocob I have
loved thee, titanulocob I will love thee, tinulocohta pray
God I love thee, vei tinulocoh if I love thee, vei ixtinulocoh,
if I have or had loved thee, tinuracb nulecob I defire to
love thee.

Note further, that thefe two Verbs, guincho^ which
ilgnifieth, I can, or am able, and Inva which fignifieth, I
will, when they are put with other Verbs of whatfoever
perfon, they arc elegantly but imperfonally in the third
peifon Singular. As for example:

InMnulocob I can love, inra nulocob I will We, ixra
ixnulocob 1 have been willing to love, ixcbol ixnulocob I have
been able to love, tichol nulocob I can love thee^ tira nulocob
1 will love thee.

The Letters or particles for Verbs beginning with a
Vowel, are thefe that follow.

Sing Inv. Nav. Inr. Plural, lnqit. or Inc. Nan ta, Inqu
tacque, or lnc tacque. As for example, If^fignifieth to de-
liver, which is thus formed :

Sing. Invefa I deliver, Navega thou delivereit, Inrega
he delivered Plural Inquega, we deliver, Navegata ye deli-
ver, Inqxefa tacque they deliver.

A is a fimple, fignifying to wiih or defire, or will a
thing, which is never found without thefe particles.

Sing. Inva I will, Nava thou wilt, Inra, he will. Plural.
tnca we will, Navata ye will, Inca tacque they will. Ivereb
to hear. Invivihb I hear, navivirecb thou heareft, intivi-
reh he heareth. Plural, Inquivireb we hear, navivinhta
y a hear, Inquivireb tacque they hear.

Thus have I briefly fet down the way of declining all forts
of Nouns, and conjugating all forts of active Verbs of this
tongue. It remaineth now that I fpeak of Verbs Paffives*
their forming, and their conjugating tvith like particles. The
Verbs Paftives being of divers terminations, are diverily
formed. Commonly thofe that end with an A, cut off

the

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 471

fhe A in the Paffive, and to the laft confonantadd hi. Ás
for example : Tiutoca I whip or beat, the paffive is Quimo-
cbi. SoNurapa I whip or beat, in the paffive is §uinraphL
Except Nutfiba, I write, which changeth ht into *».
guíntfimhi I am written. Thofe that end in oh change oh
into onhi ■> is Nulocob I love, Qumhcmbi I am loved. So
thofe that end in ch, do change cb into ¿i, as InviviréX
hear, §uinivirbi I am heaid i Nmata 1 teach, gummthi I
am taught, by the firft rule. But thofe that end in ga
fivhere note this letter f or c, with a tittle under if, is
pronounced like/) change the a into ihi. As for example,
Invega I deliver, Qujwgibi I am delivered. Nucam§&
\ kill, guicamciki I am killed : Thofe that end in ¿c£,
add 6iin the paffive, as Nugach I forgive, in the Paffive
rnaketh ^uingaccbi I am forgiven. The particles that
vary or conjugate the Verbs Paffives, are thefe follow-
ing: j

Sing, guin, ti} in. Plural. Cob) or Co, tita quitacque.
As for example ; ■

Ghiiioconhi, I am loved , tihembi thou art Joved^
inroconbi, he is loved. Plural. Celoconbi, we are loved,
tiloeonbita ye a^e loved , quiloconbi tacque they are
loved.

guinrocbi I am beaten or whipped, tirochi thou art beaten
or whipped, inrocbi he is beaten or whipped. Plural.
Ctrochi we are beaten or whipped, tirocbita ye are beaten
or whipped, quirocbi tacque they are beaten or whip»
ped.

The particles for the Preterperfeét tenfe are thefe follow-
ing:

Sing Xin, ixti , ix. Plural. Xob or aw, ixti ta9 xi.
tacque. As for example :

Sing. Xinloccnbi I have been loved , ixtiloconhi thou
haft been loved, ixloconhi he hath been loved, PLjral.
Xoloconht we have been loved , ixtiloconbita ye nave
been loved, xiloconbi tacque they have been loved,
Xinrocbi I have been whipped or beaten, ixtirocbi
thou haft been whipped or beaten 9 ixrocbi he hath
H h j been

47* J New Survey Chap. XXI.

been whipped or beaten. Plural. Xotocbi or Xobrocbi we have
been whipped or beaten, ixtirocbtta ye have been whipped
or beaten, xirochitacque they have been whipped or beaten.

The Imperative Mood is thu^ :

"ftloconbi, be thou loved, Chilocenbd, let him be loved.
Plural Cbicaloconbo, let us be loved, Tiloconbota, be ye
lo?ed, Ckquiloconbo tacqm., let them be loved. Where you
fee the particle bi is charged mo bo.

The Optative Mood »nd the Conjunctive are after the
manner of che Verbs Actives, by putting iota in the Opta-
tive, and vei in the Conjunctive. As for example.

Jguinloconbi ta, I pray G>d I be loved, liloconhi ta, I pray
God thou be loved, Inloconhitt, i pray God he be loved;
Cobloconbita, I prav '"iod we be loved j Tiloconbitata, I pray
God ye be loved, ghtiloconbitatacque, I pray God they be
loved.

So in the preterperft& tenfe taonlj is added: as for
example.

Xinloconhi ta, would to God I have or had been loved,
Ixtiloconbita, pray God thou haft or had ft been loved, Txlo-
sonhita, pray God he have or had been loved. Plur. Xc~
hconbita, pray God we have or had been loy,ed, Ixtiloconbi-
tata, I pray God ye have or had been loved, Xiloconbi ta
tacqm, I pray God they have or had been loved. Where
note that the particle**, if any other word or Sentence be
put with the Verb, may be put before the Verb, as Nim ta
gutnloaonbh I P»ay God i be greatly loved. Qtherwife if
the Verb be alone, ta is placed after it.

The Conjunctive Mood is thus, Vei Quinloconbhtfl be
loveá, Feitiloconbi, if thou be loved, and fo forth.

This is all, which commonly is taught concerning this
tongue. In which grounds he that is perfect in, and hath a
Dictionary of the ieveral words of it, may foon learn to
fpeak it. As I (hall understand by my beft friends, that there
isadefire of further printing a Dictionary, I iliall fatishe
their defires, and apply my felf unto it. Thefe few rules
ibr the prefent I have thought fit to print, for curioiity fake,
sind ihai it may appear, how eafie the Indian tongues are to
*■■'<■*' J be

Chap: XXL of the Weft-Indies. 47*

be learned. I (hall conclude this unparrellel'd work, with the
Lords prayer in that tongue, and with a brief explication

Catat taxah vilcat i Nimta itjcahargihi avi; Inédita Avi-
bauripan Cana, Invanivita nava yahvir vacaeal, be tnvan-
taxah. Chaye runa cahuhunta qué viic\ Nagachtamac, he
ineaeaebve quimac xlmacquivi cbiquhi; Macoacana ckpam
catacchybi i Coavegata china mebe *M mani qtttro, he inqut

•Amen. . ..... XT

Note.df**, according to the rule of declining Nouns, is
the firft perfon plural, which is known by the particle úa¿
*dded to taty which iignifieth father; and Catat is our father.
Taxab iignifieth Heaven \ it is put before the word or verb
vilcal, for more elegancy fake, and for better placing of it,
contrary to the Latin and Engliih, where e/, or ar*,isput be-
forcwcW//, or in Heaven. Likewife it is put without a pre-
pofition, contrary to the Greek, Latin and Enghih: for in this
tongue many times the prepofitions are omitted and un-
derftood.

Fii/c** fignifieth e/, or art: it is the fecond perlón or the
Verb, 5»i«,M,/«i,whichisaVcrbAnomal,and conjugated
after the rule of Verb? above. As for example, Vilqmn, I am,
Vilcat¿hoi\ art,Fi//¿, he \$.V\.Vilcob, weare5F*/c¿»¿,yeare,
Vilque tacque, they are. The preterperíeé* tenfe, Xinvi, 1 have -
been, Ixtivh thou hail been, Ixvi, he hath been. Plural.
Pobvi, we have been Ixtivita, ye have been, Xivi tacque,
they have been. Imperative, ÍHorlW, be thou \Chivi
or Chivo, let him be. Plural. Cohvi ta or Cohvo, ta, let us be -,
Tivita or Tivota, be ye s gttfoi ta or guivo ta tacque, let
them be. The Optative and Con jun&ive are according to
the Rule above, by adding** or vet, to the prefent tenfe, and
preterperfeft, tenfe of the Indicative Mood.

Nim ta Incaharphi which fignifieth, 1 pray God may
be greatly magnified, Vim fignifieth great or greatly. 7a is
optantis, or of wsihing, Incaharchihi, is the third perfon of the
Verb Jgnincabarcibi, which fignifieth to be magniri ed or ex-
tolled •, and is formed according to the rule above, from
the a&ive Verb, Nmabarga, to magnifie or extol, by

H h 4 changing

T

I

474 V ÜÉ Survey Chap. XXI.

changing the hft a into &#, and adding quin the particle
ofthePaffivre.

Avi thy namer TTiignifyeth name, and according to
the rule above for Nouns beginning with a Confonat a is
the particle of the fecond perfon.

Incbalita avibami, let come thy Kingdom, is the proper
cxpreffion of this in Englifb. Jncbali, is the third perfon
of the Verb §uimbali, which íígnifieth to come* Ta
is as before optantis, or of wiíhing. Ihmti or Ibauric,
íígnifieth Kingdom. Av, added, íheweth the fecond
perfon.

Pan cana» upon our heads. This is a peculiar exprefliooa
in that tongue» which ( as all other tongues J hath many
phrafes, ftrange expreflions, proper elegancies and circum-
locutions. Whereofthisisone, to fay, Let thy Kingdom
come upon our heads. Pam or Pan, is a prepofition,
fignifying in, or within, or upon. Na íígnifieth head*,
Mma¡ my head, Cana, our head, according to the rule
above : from whence they call a hat, Pan Nnna, as being
upon the head.

Invanivi ta Nava, let be done what thou wilt. They
fiaveno proper noun to cxprefs a mans will, but exprefs
it by a Verb : Invanivi, is the third perfon of the Verb*
Ghtinvanivi, which Íígnifieth to be made or done. The
Active is Nuvan, I do or make : from whence are formed
many paffives, as ghiinvan, or Qulnvanbi, or Quinvani, or
§)uinvanivi, or Qu'manvaú, or Qmnvantibi, whereof this
fait íígnifieth to be done fpeedily. And fo to all Verbs
¿\&ivesand Paffives, this particle iibi, is added at the end,
to fignifie haft or fpeed in doing any thing. Nava, is
the iecond perfon of the Verb, Inva, I will, according
fo the rule for Verbs beginning with a Vowel, Nava, thou
wilt, lnra¡ he will.

Tahvk vach acal, here upon the face of the earth-,
tabvir, is an Adverb fignifying here, Vacb, íígnifieth
face, Nttvach, my face, Avacb, thy face, Kuvacb, his face.
Acal, íígnifieth the earth or ground.

¿ft invan taxan y as it is done in¿ heaven. He Ü an Adverb,

fignifying;

Chap. XXL ef the Weft-Indies. 475

fignifying even as, Invan, is the third perfonof thepaffive
Verb, guinvan, to be done. Taxab, as before* fignifieth
in Heaven without any prepofition to it.

Chaye runa, give to day, Nuye is the firft perfon of the
prefent tenfe, fignifying, I give, Cha is tke particle (accor-
ding to the rule above) of the fecond perfon of the
Imperative Mood. Chaye give thou i Chyptz, let him give.
Runa, to day.

Cahuhm taqutb vnc, our every day bread ; where note
that ca> put before hubun is very elegantly placed, though
it do belong to the word wic, which fignifieth bread.
Nuvik, my bread, Cavik, our bread. Hubun is an unde-
clined word, fignifying every one, or every thing, guib
fignifieth the Sun of the day.

Na$ach tacamac, i pray God thou forgive our fins. They
ufe not here the Imperative Mood, as in Latin dimhte, and
in Engiifh forgive, but with the particle ta> or witfiing,
they ufe the Optative Mood. Nagach is the fecond per-
fon of the Verb, Nu$acby I forgive. Mac, fignifieth fin.
tittmac, my fin or fins, camact our fins. Laval is another
word in that tongue alio to fignihe fin.

He incagachve qnttnac, even as we forgive their fins. In*
ca$acb is the firft perfon plural, according to the rule above*,
for verbs beginning with a confonant, ve is put ac the end
for elegancy fake, ghtimac is the third perfon plural. Where
note that in a whole fpeech or fentence, fometimes the par-
ticle tacque, obfcrved above in the rule for declining is left
out i and fometimes it is added. As here, quimac their fins',
or elfe it might have been quimac tacque.

Xim acqttivi chi quih, that have finned againfi our backs i
of Mac fignifying fin, is this Verb formed, quinmacqmv^
Co fin. ,So likewifc of laval, fin, is formed another Verb,
quinlavini, to fin. This Verb qmnmacquivi is a Deponent %
of which fort there are many in that tongue, as qutncuu-
w, to preach, which have the fame particles as the Verbs
Paffives, Chiquib is a word compounded of the Prepoiition.
chi and i&, which fignifieth hacfej and is varied like «he
Nouns beginning with a Vowel y ar$ joyned with chi,

fignifieth

47& A New Survey Chap. XXI.

fignifieth againft, as Cbivib, againft me, Cbavih, againft
thee, Cbirib, againft him. Plural. Cbiquih, againft us, en-
veta, againft ye, cbiquih acqu, againft them: And if another
third perfon be named, cbirib, ftandeth for againft, as cbirib
Pedro, againft Peter, that is againft the back. If any be na-
med in the third perfon Plural, then chiqui is ufed, as cbiquih
ttnebe, or cbiquih cuncb tlal, againft all.

Macoacana, leave us not. This Verb is here compounded
of three : rirft, Ma is abbreviated from the word mani, which
fignifieth no or not, as likewife mancbucu. Co or cob, figni-
fieth we or us, and as in the rules before I have obferved, is
put here before the Verb-, wich caufeth the «to be cut off
from the Verb, which otherwife ihould have been nacana,
cinucana,\\zwe,nacana, thou leaveft, inrmcana, he leavetb,
and fo forth.

Cbipam cataccbihi, in our being tempted. This is another
great elegancy in that tongue, to ufe a Verb Paffive for a
Noun, and to add to it a Prepofition •, as here, cbipam,
which fignifieth in i and putting to the Verb the Particles
wherewith the Nouns are varied and declined. Nutaccbib,
fignifieth Í tempt. The paffive is quintaccbibi, I am tempted i
from whence nutaccbibi, fignifieth my being tempted, or
my temptation ; attaccbibi, thy temptation, rutaccbibi
his temptation.

Coavegaca china uncbe tsiri, Deliver us from all evil things.
Inveha, as I have noted before, fignifieth to deliver. Co is
thetirft perfon Plural put before the Verb, as I obferved in
the rule above, and in that Conjunction or compound ma-
coacana. China is a Propofition, fignifying above or from.
Vncbe, fignifieth al!, which is undeclinable . tsiri, is an
Adjective properly undeclinable alfo or unvariable, in
Gender, Cafe, and Number-, as are all Adjectives in that
tongue. It fignifieftrevil or bad * as tsiri vinac, an evil man,
tsiri ixoc, a bad Woman, tsiri cbicop, a bad or evil beaft i
fo likewife in the Plural number it is the fame. Without a
Subftantive it is as the Neuter Gender, as malum for mala
res, fignifying an evil thing, or evil things. The Sub-
ftantive that is formed frora it, is tsiriqml, which figni-
fieth

Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies; 477

fieth evil or wickednefs. Voronquil, fignifieth the fame.'
Mani qulro, not good : this is put for a further expreffion
of evils to be delivered from whatioever is not good. Man,
as I noted before, fignifieth not. guiro, is ntfiri an Ad-
ieaive, fignifyinggoodoragoodthing, and is undeclina-
ble, unvariable in both numbers. §mn vinac, a good man,
quiro ixoc, a good woman, quiro cbicop, a good beafti io
Hkewife in the plural number, quiro vinac good men. The
Subfiantive that is derived from this Adjetive, is, qmrohal,
poodnefs. Cbiobal, fignifieth the fame, guirobla is very
good, tftrilab very bad i where lab is added at the end of
an Adjetive, it puts the iame aggravation isvaUe in

Latin. .*■ . . ,

Manqui even as he faith, The meaning is, even as he
faith that taught this prayer, gginqm, fignifieth 1 lay, uemt>
thou fayeft, inqm, he faith, Cobani, we fay, tiqmt^yc lay,
quinquitacque, they fay. .

Amen. All words which have no true expreffion in the
Indians tongues, are continued in the Spamfc or m the pro-
per tongue, as here Amen. So wine which formerly they had
not, they call vmo\ though by an improper word fome
cafe GtlMUnaha, that is, the water of Cafitle -*><*»•
they call Dios commonly ', though fome call him Nun
Jhval, that is the great Lord.

And thus for curiofi ties fake, and by the. wtieaty of iome
fpecial friends, 1 have furniihed the Prefs with a language
which never yet was printed, or known m England, A
Merchant,Mariner,orCaptain at Sea may chance by rortunc
to be driven upon fome Coaft, where he may meet with
fome Tocoman Indian , and it may be of great ufe to him, o
have fome light of this Pocohcbi tongue. Whereunto I W
be willing hereafter toadd teething more for the good of
my Counted for the prefent I leave thee Rea der to
fiudy what hitherto hath briefly been delivered by me.

FINIS.

A Table of the Chapters of this

Book, with the Contents of the tnoft^
Remarkable. Paflagcs in them.

CHAP. I.

H

Qw Rome doth yearly vifi$ the American and Afían
Kingdoms, Pag, i

C ON TENTS;

The Topes policy in maintaining constantly fome poor Verify
mary Bijhops in Rome, Pag, %

Without great futns of Mony, and new Purple clothing gi-
ven to the Cardinals, Saints are not Canonized at Rome, 3

Monies fent out of England to Rome, for Indulgencies tó
he granted to private Altars in Papifts private chambers, 4

More power granted to the Kings of Spain over the Clergy
in the Weft-India's than toother Princes in Europe, «^0«
condition that they maintain there the Popes authority, and
Friefts to preach, 5

the jefuits challenge from Francis Xaverius the preach-
ing ef the Gofpel as dm only to them, ibid»

Mifltons ofPriefis, Fryers^ or Jefuits^ are yearly fent at
the King of Spain his charge to the Indian * é

CHAR 1 1

Shewing tbattbt Indians mqltbj mderapmrne oftheit

Coi-

The Contents^

Conversón, hath corrupted the hearts of poor begging Friers
withflrife hatred, and ambition. J

CONTENTS.

Hatred grounded upon difference in Religion^ is moft bit-
ter, .7

Jefuits and Friers, but especially Dominicans, deadly e-
nemies, m°

A Jesuitical trick well atted at Venice, ib.

Boilor Smith Bijbop ef Chalccdon fent by the Pope into
England, as private Head over all the Romiih Clergy, chiefly
by the cunning fuhtilty of Jefuits rva§ banijhed, 9

A Colledge privately htended to be built in England by
Jefuits, at Winifreds Well } as alfo the Sope-houfes at
Lambeth* with the Sope Patentee belonging to them¿ 1 o

More Jefuitical pranks difcovmd, ib.

Why Jefuits and Dominicans are deadly enemies, if, it

Valentía the Jefuit, bis death moji (hameful, for caufmg a
falfe print upon Auguftb'i tvor\s, ib.

Jefuits, excellent Mnficians, Fencers, Dancers, Vaulters,
Painters, Bribers and Merchants, I3>'4

CHAP. lif-

Shemng the manner of the Mijfms of Friers and Jefuits
to the IndiaV, 1 5

CO NT E N TS.

VéinBion of feveral Provinces amottgji the Friers and Je-
fuits, under a head at Rome, named General, ib.
Weft- India Ftrers rich prizes to the Hollanders, \6
Popes Indulgence granted to fuch Friers at go to the
tndUV and his Excommunication to fueh as eppofe them,

Í1

Liberty dram mod of the Friers to the India's* lb.

%ht dtatk of an unchajle Wife murtbind by her own Hus-
band,

The Contents,

band, caufed by the toa much Liberty of a wanton Frier in
Guatemala, Anno 163 5* *9

CHAP. IV.

Shewing to what Provinces of the Eaft and Weft-India5/
belonging to the Crown of Caftilia, are fent Mijfions of Fri-
ers and Jefuits. And e facially of the MiQions fent in the
year 1625, 20

CONTENT S.

Two forts of Spaniards in the India'/ deadly enemies u
one another, viz. the Natives born there, and fuch as go from
Spain thither, ib.

What Religious Orders are the chief Preachers in the Pro-
vince of Guatemala,

The Spaniards chief tradingfrom Spain to Philippinas, is
firfl, by their Jhips toSt. Johnde Ulhua, upon the North Seaj
and fecondly, from Acapulco, upon the South Sea to Manila,

23, ,24-

A vain and Wordly difcourfe of a Frier of the India'/, 2$

« The chief caufe of the Authors refolution to go to the Eaft

and Weit- India's, 27

Four poor Mendicant Friers, as Apoftles entertained by
Don Frederique de Toledo, and the Gallies in Pueito de
Santa Maria, 29

CHAP. V,

Of the Indian Fleet that departed from Cales, Anno Dom.
161 3. And of fome remarkable paffages in that Voyage, 31

CONTENTS.

The love of Nuns too powerful over Friers^ ib.

The Author hid in an tmpty Barrel on Jhip board, in the

Bay of Cales, 3*

m

The Contents*

The pleafure of the Indian Navigation, 1626* until tfc
firfi land was difcovered, 5 4

CHAP, VI.

Of our difcovery óffome Ijlands, and what trouble hefel us
in one of them, 3<£

CONTENTS.

Hhelflands called Deffeada, Marigalante, Dominica, Gua-
dalupe, an the fir(i difcovered in America, in the Spaniih
Navigation, ib

A Chrijlian Mulatto having lived twelve years among Hea-
thens, with an Infidel Wife and Children^ found in Guada-
lupe, 3%il9

A fuddain uproar and mutiny of the Indians of Guadalupe,
who flew and wounded many of the Spanifh fleet, 1 6 2 5 ¿ 40,4 1

CHAP. VII,

Of our further failing to St» John delllhua3 alias Vet*
Crux, of our landing there, 42

CONTENTS,

A Fryer wounded at Guadalupe, diedj and was folemnly
cäfi into the Sea^ > 43

ASpznmdfwimmingin the found of Mexico, cruelly ¡lain,
&nd partly devoured hy a Sea Monger, ^ 4?

*íhe Virgin Mary, called upon more than God¿ in & fuddain
apprehenfwn ofaflom, 4?

CHAP, vnt

Of our landing at Vera Crux, otkrwife St. John de US-

foua, md out wmtmnmem there, ,4&

• - CON-

The Contents.

CONTENTS.

The vanity and worldlinefs of a Religious Dominican Su~
periour in St. John de Ulhua, 50

The houfes and Churches of St. John de Ulhua, built with
boards and timber, and therefore eafily and often fired, 51, 52

J further relation of the Tewn of St. John de Ulhua, with
the rich trading of it from moft parts of /k WeíMnáiaV, 52

CHAP. IX.

Of our journey from St. John de Ulhua to Mexico, and cf
the moft remarkable Towns and Villages in the way, $ 4

CONTENTS

Our Friers firji entertainment by the Indians of the old Ve-
ía Cruz, ib'.

A Francifcan Friers vow and proceflion, contrary to the va-
nity r carding, dicing, andfwearing, praUifed by them of Xa-
lappa in the India'/, 57

Abundance of Gnats in . the Rinconada, ta\\h away the
comfort of the great abundance ofProvifwn that is there, 59

From whence the Town called Segura de la Frontera had its
beginning, ' x ' 60

CHAP. Ä.

therein is fet dawn the {eft ate and condition of the great
Town of. Tlaxcallan, when the firji Spaniards entered int®
the Empire of Mexico, Cortes his firji encounter with the
TlaxcalrecaV, their league with him j with a defcriptioit
of the Town, and of the ft ate and condition of it now, ó 1

CONTENTS.

'd Ml éfftoñé wúhUÍ timé ä Mwtefi of 4 f adorn and a
í i . . bdf

The Contents.

half high, and twenty foot broad, built by the Indians, for a
defence in time of Wars before the coming of the Spaniards, 64

Fourfcore thoufand Indians, foon raifed and armed by thofe
of Tlaxcallan, and foon overcome by a tboufand only Indians
and Spaniards with Cortez, 67

Tet further a hundred and fifty thoufand overcome by four
hundred Spaniards, and fix hundred Indians, 68

three prefents fent to Cortez, viz. five Slaves, Franklnsenfe
and Feathers, Fowls % Bread and Cherries ¡to kpow whether be
were a God or a Man, 7 1

Montezuma the Emperour his great prefentfent to Coitez,

'the Tlaxcalteca's pay no tribute to the King of Spain, as
others do, f ave only one Corn of Maíz, 7 6, 77

A defcription of the four chief ftreets of Tlaxcallan, with
the ft andar d of the 'town, ib„

Twenty thoufand perfons wont to meet in one Market place
of Tlaxcallan, to buy and fell, ib*

Severe Juftice executed upon a thief by the Inhabitants of
Tlaxcallan, 78, 7?

CHAP. XI.

Concluding the reft of our Journey from Tlaxcallan to Mex-
ico, through the City of Angels, and Guacocingo'j 80

CONTENTS.

The City of Angels firft builded by the Command of Anto-
nio de Mendoza, in the year 1530, ib.

It was firft called by the Indians Cu&laxcoapan, that is to
fay, a fnake in water, 8 1

Many more particulars of the City of Angels briefly rela-
ted, ib.

The Town of Guacocingo, why priviledged by the Spani-
ards, ■* Si

Tezcuco, the firft Town in the WefUndies, that received a
Chriftian King, - 8tf

How

The Contents.

How the Vergantines, (wherewith Cortex befwgei Mex-
ico by water ) wen brought by Land in peces from Tlax-
callan to Tezcuco, and four hundred thousand men, $0 days im~
ployed in making a ¡luce or trench for the finifhing of them^
and lanching them forth to the Lake-, &7> 8 8

Corte z his Army divided into three farts in the plain of
Tezcuco, for the better befteging of Mexico, 8p

Cortez made ufe of feven tboufand beams of Cedar trees for
the building of his houfe in Mexico, po

C H A P. Xli.

Shewing fome particulars sf the great and famous City

of Mexico in former times y with a true description of it

now, 'And of the State, and Conditim of in it the year

i62 5. fl

CONTENTS.

Little fubflance or nourifhment found in the fruits, ando.
ther food of Mexico, 93

Several opinions concerning the difference of frefh and fait
water in the Lakg of Mexico , 95

Montezuma his ftately Palace in Mexico, calfd Tepac i
with two more, the one with many ponds of fait and frefh wa-
ter for feveral forts of fowls ■> the other for hacking fowls ,
and fowls of rapine, 97, 9$$

Three tboufand were the Attendants' at Mountezuma his
Court, fed with what came from his Table, I o r

Mexico called formerly Tenuchtitlan, and why, ioz

What Mexico properly fignifeth, and from whence fi
called^ lb.

The names of the ten Emperours thto were of' Mexico i
and Montezuma his death, 1 0#

Quahutimoc Emperour of Mexico taken Frifoner, and
that great City conquered by Cortez the 13. of Aupufh

IC9I ü s

¡52I

toy

n

Ttsfg

The Contents.

Two hundred thoufand little boats called Caneas, belonged
to Mexico, to bring Provifion into the City, 1C9

A Defcription of the chief Market of Mtxico, wherein a hun-
dred thoufand perfons did u finally meet to buy and fell ',

1 ill

A Defcription of the great Church of Mexico, before the en-
tring cftbe Spaniards , 113

'the Papifls have continued the fajhion of their Churches ■,
Altars, Chiflen, and many other their abufes from the Hea-
thens, 114,115,116

The Cods of Mexico, two thoufand in number^ 1 1 6

II-7

Mexico after the Cmqueft, was built again with a hundred
thoufand houfes, 1 1 9

Fifteen thoufand Coaches are judged to he in the City of
Mexico, 123

A Poptngay ptefented to the King of Spain, worth half a
million of Ducats, ib.

A Lamp in Mexico worth four hundred thoufand Ducats,

The attire of the female fex of Blackmoors, MülaítaV, and
Meftiza'f in Mexico, 124

Ihe Spaniards with their gifts to the Churches and Shi-
fters cover their lafcivious lives, as is fhewed by an example
in Mexico, 127

About two thoufand Coaches dayly meet in the Alameda of
Mexico, 1 30» -13 1.

Of a fruit in the Í ndiaV, called Nuchtli, 152

Of fame other fruit /, and efpecially of a tree called Metí, 1 3 4
A memorable bifiory of a great mutiny in Mexico, caufed
hy the too great power of an Arch' prelate, and ihe covetoufnefs
if 'the Viceroy ¡» J36,&c.

CHAP. XISI.

Shewing the feveral parts of this new world of America i
mdth places of Note about the famous City of Mexico, 150

CON-

The Contents: -

CONTENTS.

A Defcription of the fiery Mountain, caWd Popocatepec,

15*

The riches belonging to the Viceroy his chappel at Chapul-
tepec, worth a mlhon of Crowns, 1 $4

A Defcription of a rich Vefart or wildernefs, three leagues
from Mexico, . &• '

The cruelty of Don Nunio de Guzman in Mechoacan,

157

Tm manner of burying the Ktngs of Mechoacan, before it
as conquered by the Spaniards. 150

7 he Spaniards themfelves wonder that our Engliih Nation
is not more aftive in conquering more of the Continent of Ame-
rica beyond Virginia, l&l

Nova Albion in America, named by Sir Francis Drake,

1Ó3

How the Country of Juca tan was firjl named, 163, 164

In the year 1632, the Indians of Jucatan mutinied again^
the Spaniards, 164

The City of Valdivia ¡o named from a Spaniard of that
name too greedy and Covetous of Gold, j 68

The famous attempt of John *Oxenham«*« Englifh-man,
from the Coaft of Nombre de Dios, to the If and of? earls
in the South Sea, 1 70

TfoSpanifh Fleet 0/ Nova Hifpania tatyn by the Holland-
ers, in the River of Mátanzos, 178

C H A P. XIV.

Shewing my Journey from Mexico to Chiapa, ¡Southward,
and the mofi remark/bk places in the way, ¿g*

II l

COM

The Contents;

C ON T E N T s

For what reafons 1 (layed in America, and would not go on
to the Philippina Iflands in the Eaft-India'/, 18$

A Proclamation from the Viceroy in the martyt flace of
Mexico, againft fucb as fhould conceal9 harbour,and hide any
Frier bound for the Philippina Iflands, 1 85

A double Wheat barvefi every year in' a Valley called St.
fciblo, 188

The "Dominicans Cloifter in Guaxaca, very Rich, and
ftrong, I? I

The great River Acarado, though it run from St. John
de Ulhua far into the heart of the Country towards Guaxa-
ca * yet there is no Cäftle, or Tower, or Ordnance upon iti

192
An old Frier, Mafter of Divinity, fpightfully aud malici-
oujly buried in at Garden by the Friers of Guaxaca, ib>

Friers in the India'/ may travel, and call for Turkeys, Ca-
pons, or what they pleafe to eat, without any mony, upon the
Indians charges, JP3

Tecoanttpeque aSeaTown, upon MarddZur, altogether
unfortified, y W

The Author lodged in a Wddernefs, aud affrighted with a
fun appreknfton of death by Wild beajh, 196, 197

The Author and his Companies dangerous pajfage over the
mountain of Maquilapa, feuding three days upon green four
iemmpns and water, 201 ^c*

Two myilerious games of lables plaid between the Superi-
or of the Dominican Friers of Chiapa , and the Author and
his Company, ^?> 2ir

G:tr fiately entertainment in a fmp called St. Philip, neer

Chiapha, *,!1,V3

Oar imprifonmeni in the Cloifler 0/ Chiapa, and three days

Defiance with bread and water, ¿JSj ^1*

A Friers penance in Chiapa /or a Love Letter t9 a Nun, ib»
i'Be Amv'v made Sedohmäjhr in Chiapa, 218

CHAP;

-

The Contents.

chap. XV.

Vefcribmg the Country of Chiapa, with the chief 'eft towns
and Commodities belonging to it, 2

CONTENTS

Somefioiifb quejlions moved to the Author by a gnat Von
of Chiapa, and Hi an fiver to them accordingly, Z2i,&c

One thoufand and fix hundred Vucats got by a B>fhop of
Chiapa in one month only for Confirmation of little children
in Indian Towns, 229

A Bijhop of Chiapa poyfoned by women, mth a cup of
Chocolate, for forbidding Chocdatte to be dmn\in the Church,

231,252.

the Author his anfwir to a Token fent to him by a Gentle-
woman 0/Ghjapa, : 31' 13 %

The great dexterity of the Indians of Chiapa in Shews and
publicK Feafis, 233,234

The River of Tabafco very commodious for any Nation to
enter up towards Chiapa, 23S

C HA P. XVI.

Concerning two daily and common Drin\r , or Potion;*
much ufedin the Indians , called Chocolatte, and Atolle, 238

CONTENTS.

The nature cf the Cacao, and tbe tree it gwveth upm,
and the two forts of it, lb. 5cc.

Cinnamon of tbe be{i ingredients in the Chocolaiie-, and
wby, . ., H*

Acbhtte how it groweih, ¿ndfor what it u ¿ood, ib, ócc,
■ Sperai ways to drin\ the Chocolatín 244

n 4

CH ?,

The Contents.

CHAP. XVII.

Shewing my Journey from the City of Chiapa "unto Guate-
mala, and the chief places in the way, 2 48

CONTENTS.

Six thou] and Ducats fent by a Frier to Spain, to buy a
Bijboprickj 251

A Rich Treafure and pitlure of Mary in a poor and [mall
Town of the Indians, called Ghiantla, among the mountains ,
^w^Chuchumatlanes, 254

The Water of the River of a Town, caltd Sacapula, caufeth
great fwellings in tbethroat, 255

The Author his dangerous fall from the Mountain of aoja-
ba h, and his great deliverance attributed to a miracle by the
Indians^ with the conceit the Indians had of his fanUity and
holinefs, 257

The Indians guide the Friers in the Night, when they trar
vel, with lights of Pint wood, 2 60

The great Fair of Chimaltenango, 261

Ihe Author MufedandfufpeQed to be a ¡pie, by an old Fri-
er in Chimaltenango, ib.

Stones of a fruit or plum calfd Xocctte, fit for firing, and
elfo good to fat hogs, 264

CHAP. XVIII.

Vefcribing the Dominions, Government, Riches, and great-
ifp, of the City of Guatemala, and Country belonging to it,

CON-

The Contents;

CONTENTS.

Guatemala an open City without any Wails, Forts or B*/-
warkt about if, ' t$$

The Author welcomed to Guatemala and firji graced with
a Publick aÜ of Divinity, and after made Majier of Arts in
the fame City, %6&

7he form of the Letters Patents as are tcfed there, and fent
to the Author to read Arts in the Vniverfny of Guatemala»

367

the manner of prefenting the Author to the Bifhop for ob-
taining his Licence to preach Publicity, 270,271
* The form of the Bi^iops Licence. to Preach and hear Confef-
fions within his Bifhoprick, in Spaniih and EngHOr» with
fome-glojfes upon it, 271, &C.

Donna Maria de Caftilia /wallowed up by a River which
fuMekly gufhed out of a Mountain neer to- Guatemala far
blafpheming and defying God, ''_..*,' 276

The horror of the Vulcan of fire neer Guatemala, 277

Thirteen pound and a half of Beef fold about Guatemala fot.
threepence, 27 S

One man only enjoying 40000 head ofCattel, and one
only that bought 6000 neer Guatemala, 179

How Guatemala and the Towns about arc ftored with Pro-
vifwn of Beef and Mutton \ and by whom, tK

Four exceeding rich Merchants in Guatemala, befides many
other of great but inferiour wealth to thsm, ' 28 1 .

The Covetouftiefs of a Prefident of Guatemala (hewed in
Carding and gaming, l8z

Thirty^thoufand Ducats yearly, the rent of one Cliifier m
Guatemala ; befides the treafure in it, worth a hundred thou-
[and Crowns, ■'-"'-, ■ > 282

A thoufand perfons commonly living within one Closer of
Nuns m Guatemala, 284

The Bifhop of Guatemala bis Nun, very powerful andRieb*

285

The flrength of the Black¿moor Slaves about tfo Country of
Quatepnala, . a88

All

The Cqnteats.

All the p&wif of Guatemala is not able to reduce a few
Mac^oot ¡laves, wh$ an fled to the Mountains about Golfo

Dttlce.

29Í

Between the Tom of Acabaftlan and Guatemala ate

Mines of Copper andiron, and probably a ireafitre of Gold,

2P«> 293

A rich Mifer, worth fix hundred thou/ and Ducats ,, living
lfk$aBeafk intbeValley of Mixco, 294, 1^5

A k¿nd of Wheat in the Valley of Mixco , called Tre-
roefmo, which after three months fown is barvejled in,

;or, 301

A. Town called Saint Lucas, where Wheat threfhed is
laid up in Barns, and hgepeth two or three years with much
¡nereaji, jb#

A Town of twelve thoufand Indian inhabitants not yet
tonquerei, lying between Jucatan and Veta Paz. 305

C H A P* XIX.

Shewing the condition, quality, fafhion and behaviour of
the Indians §f the Country of Guatemala, fince the Con-
queft y and efpecially of their Feafls and Solemnities, % 1 o

CONTENTS.

The Indians of the Country of Guatemala, lih$ the Ifrael-
étes by Pharaoh much opprejjed by the Spaniards, hecattfe they
multiply and increafe^ - y 3 1 o, 3 1 1

The Weft- India'/ e<z/*er to be conquered now, than in the time
that Cortez conquered them, 311

Some Indians choofe rather to die by pining away willing'
ly, than to be fubjeä to the Spaniards opprejjion and cruelty,

%^^

• How the Indians are forced, and diflributed out by a Spa-

mfh officer to ferve the Spaniards weekly, 3*3

The manner of the Indians hds » as alfo their mamer of

clothing, 3 f-, 5 « 8

pe

The Contents.

Tbev art divided intotribes with a chiif bead ever every

Tribe 3iB, ;«9

How they agree upon contraUing Marriage one with ano-

tbsr,

ik

f£ke powdred beef of the Indians, commonly called TaiTajo,

7be Ináim Venifm, on fle(h of mid-Veer ; bow drejfed and

eaten, ,. , 4

A Hedge hog good meat in the In« la /, 5 * *

Of an Indian drin\called Chicha, W

7he Spaniards ufe much to make the Indians drunk f4

then pick their pockets, 3*4> ?*f

Tfc UÜ /we ¿* *fce Indian í»« «re above the

Jufiices and Officers for peace, and whip and give fefence

and judgment in the Church againfi the beft, s P*

Ibeferviceand attendants allowed to the Fnefts, ;ip, &c.
Ha«> and what tribute the Indians psy yearly, V *>

The Saints and Idols of the Romijh Keligion differ not from
the beathenijh Idols in the Indians opinion, , . . 3? *

s« w ««H^fe ¥**« p»tf' "! the IndiaS' ,

/zí tobe cali out of the Churches, which bring not mmy and
gifts unto them at lea(i once a year, * '

the Priefls trade much in wax-candles, and fell fimetmej
one candle five or fix times, # '¿¿''^¿¿¿¿i*

- ^« ^Indian ITowm/ j*ág»¿«* «»«"«»g ** Sacrament
of the Lords Supper, ' : wuufú^JZ

All fouls day, Chriftmas, Candlemas day, and Whtfmday,
¿ays of great lucre and profit to the Priefts, |^p.

fli Indians «re forced to marry at thirteen or fourteen years

pfage \and why, 3*4* &c

Stver*/ ^«cei of the Indians, • 347»W"

CHAP. XX.

Sbn&g. ho;, and why I departed out of Guate wbg

kwtbeáconáúhnguage, andtohve amor gibe Indian^

I

The Contents.^

and of fgme particular paffages, and Accidents whilfi 1 lived
there, .-,

CONTENTS.

the author going with fome few Spaniards, and Chriftian
Indians into a Country of untyowa Heathens, fell dangeroufly
ficfo and was further in a skirmijh with the Barbarians, and
By that means alfo in danger of his life, ' 353 , e^c.

Indians grown up in agr, forcedly driven to Baptifm, with-
er any principles in ChrijHanity, by the , Priejis and briers
that firjl: entred into America, ' 357

Comayagua^ji woody, mountainous, and barren Country,

Inthelndh's are Grammars and Visionaries of the fever al
Indian tongues, *¿0

The Author became per feü in the Poconchi language in one
quarter of a year, / 3<5i

The means, chiefly from the Church, which the Author enjoy-
ed yearly in the Town of Mixco and Pinola, 394, 35)5

A Plague of Locujis in the India'/ brought no fmall profit
pf the Author, 3¿9

Ihe Spaniards confidence in fome blejfed breads againfi the
blague of Locujis, jfc>.

An mfeüiom difeafe amongfi the Indians, brought to the
Author tteer a hundred pounds in half a year, 3 70

The Author firuc\down as dead to the ground with a fla{h
of 'lightning ; and again in danger of his Life by an earthquake,
*■■"■' i. «n"*

Cf a fmall Ver mine, lefs than aflea eaWdMigJii, common
pi the India5/, wherewith the Author was in danger of lofmg
a leg, 37£

The Author /% to be kjlfdby a Spaniard3 for defending
ihe poor Indians, '377

A notorious Witch in the Town of Pinola affrighted the

Author, 3 7 S, #•<:.•

The Indian Wizards and Witches changed into fhapes of

beafts by the Devil, as appemth bytm examples, 382, &c.

Some

The Contents.

Some idolater i in the Tmn o/Mjxco difcovered, their preach-
ing Id I found, out by the Author, and burnt pufykkly in the
Church •<> and he in great danger to bekjlíd by them, 387,^

7 he Authors conflifi within himfelf about coming home t&
England for confcience Jakg i and his refolution therein^

Neer upon 9000 pieces of Eight got by the Author , in 12
years that he lived in the i ndia'x, 4 1 r

CHAP. XVf.

Shewing my journey from the town of Pctapa, into Eng-
land i and j orne chief paff ages in the way >, 412

CONTENT S.

Relation of a place calíd Serró Redondo,' five leagues
from Petapa, . 414

A ftrange fire and fmoak^ confeantly, coming out of the, earth
neer unto a Town called Aguachapa j whkh by *Jta Spaniards
u Juppofcd to be a 'mouth of 'bell, 415

The priviledge of a great. River, called Letopa, dividing
the Country of S. Salvador, and- Nicaragua, 417

A Frier thinking to tahg up Gold from the bottom of the fi-
ery Vulcan of Leon deceived, 4ipr

The City 0/Leon , and Country about , called by the, Spani-
ards, Mahomet s par adife, ib.

About the beginning 0/ February, t fa City of Granada m
Nicaragua is one oftherichefi places in the india5/ by reafon
of many Rich commodities, and fome of the King of Spain his
revenues carried thither, to be tranfportsd 'by the Frigäts to
Carthagena or Havana, 421

Ihe dangerous paffage from the Lake of Granada by the ri-
ver, commonly called El Defaguadero, 422

The Author and his Company like to be furprifed by a mon-
firous Cayman, or Crocodile, 424, 42 f

the Author robbed at fea by a Holland man of War, of
the value 0/7000 Crowns , 428

I !

The Contents.

A Frier for defending the poor Indians of Nicoya loft two
fingers, which were cm off by the alcalde Maior, 435, 43 d
,- the Author forced to drin\his oven Vrine, and loft, and
¿i% to perifh in an mhriown Ifland, and afterwards upon a

Koc^ 437v.i38

Some particulars of the City of Panama, 442, 443

The River 0/Chiagre very (hallow in many places, without
fame great rain caufe the water to fall into it from the moun-
tains, ' 444

Some particulars of Portobello, during the time that the
SpanittiFleetflayeth there, 44 f

The Fapifts Bread God, or Sacrament eaten or gnawn by
a Moufe in Portobello i with a Faji in bread and water for
that contempt dene unto their God, 447, 449

The Spaniards fear of the Engliih that then inhabited the
Jfland called Providence, 45 1

Some Engliih Prifoners at Carthagena, with one Captain
Roufe, who at Havana challenged fame Spaniards into the
field, who had abufed him, 4^3

From the whole Spanifh Fleft, one gallantly talqn awayy
mrjbfourfcore thousand Ducats, by two Holland or Engliih
Jhips not well kpown, upon the Coaft of Havana, 456

The manner of the Vominicani habit , with the meaning of
it^ 460

An Introduction to the Indian Tongue,

465

FINIS.

"1 .1

-*