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ADVERTISEMENT. 


The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the 
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the 
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that 
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official 
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- 
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports 
entitled ‘‘Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,” 
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the 
National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed 
responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the 
series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. 

RicHARD RATHBUN, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 
wn charge of the Umted States National Museum. 


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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
at Y-CUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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CONTRIBUTIONS 


FROM THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM 


VOLUME 15 


THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES 
OF PANICUM 


By A. S. HITCHCOCK and AGNES CHASE 


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Yo Al One! o y 
Hg TIT Tee 
eINGTON SS? 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1910 


BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


IssuED OcToOBER 22, 1910. 


II 


PREFACE. 


The accompanying paper, entitled The North American species of 
Panicum, by A. 8S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United 
States Department of Agriculture, and Agnes Chase, Assistant in 
Systematic Agrostology, is the result of an exhaustive study of the 
material of this genus in the United States National Herbarium and 
in the other large herbaria of the United States. All the more impor- 
tant herbaria of Europe were visited by Mr. Hitchcock for the purpose 
of examining the type specimens of American species described by 
European authors. This opportunity is taken to acknowledge the 
many courtesies extended by the curators of the herbaria visited. 
In addition to the knowledge of the genus gained through an exami- 
nation of many thousand herbarium specimens, the authors have 
had opportunity to collect material throughout the United States 
and have observed nearly all the species of that region in their native 
habitats. Because of the lack of material and of the necessary field 
studies, it has been impossible to present the species of tropical 
America with the same degree of detail as the species of the United 
States, but it has seemed advisable to include these tropical species 
in order to bring together in one paper our present knowledge of the 
genus in North America. 

The authors describe 197 species and 8 subspecies, each of which 
is accompanied by a text figure illustrating the spikelet and fruit. 
The descriptions of species occurring within the limits of the United 
States are also accompanied by an outline map graphically represent- 
ing the geographical distribution. 

: FREDERICK V. COVILLE, 
Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 


III 


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CONTENTS. 


Page 

EI aed sie ae Ss os 5 Sa bee ek ut eee ae ee ke ae 1 
Peemermerne Moun OF TNE, Wonks a0... 35 Ss. 2 hee 2 bee wee Se eee ews i 
Pee wer bari OTAMLINOU <2 0/2). 12.2.2 oe eet ease eon ne ee al 

De EUS eh] ee ake fee 2270 00 26 eee eee Ye ee 2 
EME SMIBEN ere see IS he Sa ah. se Y's 20k Santee eh ele om eericies oats 4 
DCE a eat SR one I 5 
SEMPER RNC Cie, Fe re Nahe at ke nS an No a ea 6 

Sumer aspera ANG TORMMS ok. Se 22 ele sd s\ esas She pee fee S em 7 

Pe eee CTO UIION os hae ok. See ons Sie Domo Pennie Moe eee 8 
pan APE ORE MGTIO ty i cee ic eh Pe ere ts cael Ssh al Sis w bela 8 
SEEDS DS)10 OG SVC 212 7 I a ee 10 
ONE a ae gai eS Le ae SO SS cla ware le Wale ao cred 10 

Sepeeee ee aration OL the Pens 222... i2 oss ue te eee se ee ace oe tt 
Pre-Linnzan use of the name.....-......---------.--- EER Mids. it 
EE ee EMNCHUM so Se eS ee ols eae Se wa ee eins 13 
ReReEeemPEeNACIM Iter E605. 2.2522. 5. Sos e ae hed le cede Soe en ede 15 

epee TIE ioe ae an Su Hac Re ews Seiad SES He ein Woe aie 16 
DeEPNIER IE IE SBC CIOS sk Lister fa 2 hors ons aie cid sot ete wade oa'ee 4 17, 
Seeeeemee Orie PCRS ANG Species: .22 2-222. - fa. knee eee see cen ee ese 18. 
NER Se ret ae re ee ROR NE A ee SNe acne sna w sie isve ae 329 
List of new subgenera and species and new names........-........---22---6-- 332 
Semen PeRIRIAUTEFCH SPECIMENS. _. 2 4 ok on clos hse vie ree tina eteceeuecis 333 
SE Psst tee Sas 2s So ais See Sta mae See ainete ace ban eee 389 


Vv 


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ILLUSTRATIONS. 


TEXT FIGURES. 


RE aRCAT AOSTATIVELOTIUI .- % t hide ooo oo Sin he Soe ein os w eeiags Heleeeic' apne Ne 
WRIT RCINE A yer ees cid Sw Gk GUS a ieee oleh etepies A bie atta ae 
ME REPENTED on Sie is SG = in ow Shee Retains + Oh Gacisl aie rreimotatelnle «Sie 
PP AEUCION: OL £. CROPMANY . - 5 is oie o's 3 Sw Maint alae wi aials Ss cats 
RN TIR Ae fee CR, RS eh tas ciate aS eres esis aia ita pia deter cata ee 
NE EMI TLGTGEL, OL OE + PUTIDESCOIUIID © oe wa\xinleos) = a wremerate a Be Sie, tum apes biabopelete wake 
ER RT ee teen eS orc to do ic Sella Sitdie Seale) w mies baeitio ee lbeta Soe 
SIT MION: GEE | TLVCTCRONU. vo = ore rok aos SS coe eRe acetate ee 


MEALTIME Sa and ante ore th iets Line ds Se ecw wel Oey eden 
Meee Aa TPAOT Ole. -HOMINULUM c=. =a vs ee es ee wh oak e thee ets 
MM MIE EEMT DPS eo ran Ses) e aha are Hciove an sla win ote Sainvielei sale = Ste 
SEMErATUIOM OLE. POLUAVAGUIN ono wise als os ae St Hee ee Soe ewes 
MRM TAs eae rel Is ne OG Cty od aie we wa. op Sed gstnalendia Cha we aS 


MepnmemeManeiOr Gl J >. JUSCicwlatums «> o-oo 2 ho dk oan aot sie th sin ed Ge 8 
EN ISEEEIIUL TE CHATTOGUIVCNSE 5 < o a 3 ow ace Siem 2, Sw opie teisicae = aie otle dass 
. Distribution of P. fasciculatum chartaginense..........--..2-.200+-- 
AR ee beer wet, ele n, FV Sis /ele ieee: ote oS Lia.n ou S~ Sate ae 
MMR RSID S Ci aie Nh a ees eh etn eran eee ah aid vad Ss 
Bes RELI. OF) <MASDETSUMU: «marin oe ni ln ce ook aS Sette Sas a ode 
AMM RMAIIEEE TIE cf) Ao Fs wince Se Sie eee oh hades thc ees ee Seid Matas 
PPR MGION OE Fs ATCOMICUME. = 8.2% = ss eal a 2 ae Sues eh aos mele SE 
0 LANES 1S ae tel ea ee pe PORE GY ae Cee Mee age Cee ee ue OL ee 
PMC IMOT OF 2. POLON UM = oc ob 2s SB ed RE Sei ae a 
TREES TRC) | Re Sie OOS Mt Re Re AER Ce eared Dee Stk a SNe 
ROOT OTIOTN Nias sain Fo) a ~ <Pn ios BC Sicko a hs hs ews BE aes ele ae 
REM HIIOM. OLE. CUCROLONTLLOT UMD = x. 2 an. mc nln dln 's ule baleen We rhe 
Me EMIT IDPS Deo hal 3 Se) hamid al ora ie Sars ee Erg a es 


Dl RIE MUN EDER ol ape ula issn fe tate whee epee ae en 2 os SE ie 
CET RUN otis Sse Saas AG tone, © = Pree pe OM A te ME ae ae 
eee ABR TRS TM NOEU En Ee SMU IE tay So. © Figs Sey oe tad ok ad ade a esa hy Senco aea ae mae 
OLAS IEE CLIT (Gg EES EASE he sy SER ea Re ga, nt vo) Sap RR eee i 
Raa AUER AEE, AE IOP Doo oun Sean ne ein wie sca the meme cate oot 
SNES 10) a i ae RCE RR ao Ch, 8 SERA ee A OY Se 
eA UIUEA TAIL OLE 5 DITLACELINUCUM wo :a onc brag mescdie) a mine aieid ikea nice o 0 oe 


VIII ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page 
Nie. 42. BP. capullare 0. 2-0. 2s 2a 60 
43.. Distribution of P. capillare 2.29522. 0 a a eee Gl; 
44. P..barbipulvinatum. 2s .c38 0 oe an © OR ee 62 
45. Distribution of P. barbipulyinatum...2...-2-2 <2. 5 eee 63 
46..P. hinticaitle 25. 2. oe ee eee 64 
47. Distribution of P..hirticaulés..c 3 on oe ek eee 65 
48. P.. POM PINOSUM....52 0 ee ee eee 66 
49. Distribution of P. pampinosum.. ....2222.4..25)5. 5-5 eee 66 
50. PP. stramineuittu. sc see se sss eben oe ee eee 67 
51. Distribution of P. stramineumes ccc 224.5. 2S... eee 67 
52. P \SOnOrtints 22...) acs Soe fee ke 2 ee See ee ee 68 
63. Ps PATeUM : £o0 5s. 2 alos Pe SO 638 — 
54. P: mihacewm....sossrc . Po ee eee 69 
55. Distribution of P. miliacewm : .. 222-2. 22 See 70 
06.°P. COYCRNONSE 0 Oo. oe oa Soe eee 70 
57. Pe capillamotdes. 625-220 25. Goo a ae eee 72 
58. Distribution of P. capillariowdes. 2. 2.22222 14. Pe eee 72 
50. DP difUsumn a2 2 ho0 8. Se ee oe re 73 
GO: Pee SLU POS BR ERT MA Tee Clad A ae 2 73 
Gl: Distribution.ol P. filipes:. 22. 2. see oe eee 74 
62.:P > hallitses oe ab ae tee eee 74 
Go. Distribution offPi hall. seen ees 2 eee “ite eee 75 
64.: .P. lepidubunis os. oc ssc eee ee en oS ee 76 
Go eP cghicsbregnitin. wee ee Sti i Soe ee Se me 76 
66.2; hirsutum. 2.2) ee ee ee eee 77 
G7 APs NALTITN Gao Be echt Ap BO ee Loi SS Se 78 
68. Distribution of (P: maximum. 22025-2202. 2 ee oe eee 79 
69. PP. plenwin en oe eee. eRe ee 80 
70. Distribution of P. plenum. . 07s gS. oe Se ee eo ee eee 81 
TV. =P. bulboswm. oo eset See he eh 82 
72. Distribution of P: bulbosum.. -2 22. 22 eee 83 
(eo. B>bulbosum scaphiluimss soo3 se ee ees ee eee 83 
WA. Distribution of P. bulbosum sciaphitum: =. 2222-2 2 ee 84 
1D. WP OTEDENS 5 oi cee be Beet ea lee cee eee eee 85 
76. Distribution of Purepens.....- 5 2 ek ee eee 86 
Te PQOUNL Soon ta RS ee PS ee 86 
78, Distribution of 2: goumt.- 2. eee 87 
(92 DUQQUIMNS 0s ok. bia no SR ee ee oe ee ee 89 
80. Distribution of P- virgatum... 22 26 ee 90 
SL. Pu virgavum cubense ies. vient ee ee ot ee 92 
82. Distribution of P. virgaium exbensesc. 22522 Yeh 2 | eee 92 
83. P. Ravan. fe Ce BOO a I A ee 93 
84. Distribution of P. havardit.) 252.20 Reo ee eee 93 
855 Po OMarUmins sac eee sd Fee Ee OO eee 94 
86. Distribution of Plamarum..202 ic. ste et 8 ee eee 95 
84 .P. GMOTQUMN. FS She 3 he MA ea eee 96 
88: Distribution of Py amaruliun.2 oso 2) 24 ee eee 96 
SOP ENT ee ee oe 97 
90; Distribution of Pieneruin.2 2. <2. soonest 2 ee 98 
Oh P. stenodess23 bis het eee eee 98 
92. .Pagrostoides.. 222.52 SoS Be BSN 5s LOE 100 
93>" Distribution of P agrostoidess- 2. eee ee, oe ee eee 2401 


94. WP. CONdENSWM acosd bo lw So ee a en eee 102 


’ ILLUSTRATIONS. IX 


Page 
Fie. 95. Distribution, of P. condensum......-..-.--+-----++++++ 222-2 eee eee 103 
PEORIA ent ee Senet Sc. LAUPER SEM ER Ete oe 104 
ePPPENOUCLOM OL, SUIPMQhUNt..- =... sr cin sbieetowacetee cee ee. stk 104 
IES ORION elec we ct Doe dea dee on 32 Bee Let ode vest et LOS*. 
Pe SLEb ION Ol. dongijolUne. ..2.~....eeesas ese woese fee eee Se eens 106 
MPL AMER OSU! ce SS ete os setae sae cd oi eabe ck ale PoE SESE oe 106 
PUREST EMI UIOT ON -ESCOMOSU. <i .s cack beeen seed sbker eee eee ayes wes 107 
Ie em Se eee td. tse Sep eM ee eRe shoes wes 107 
MEET RIN C100 Ole . ANCCPS. <2 0.6.54 .5252 824 cen ete terre Pelee ees 108 
EI IPOMMEL Me hee nce lcd ese ge beet 2's 8 PR see 8 See SIU ase se ous 109 
MEE EM GIGM/ Oh: TRIZOMMEUTIO = sioecurs gens 62x eh AEE LOE BL Sok IS 110 
Nee REIN L es sostcl aos Se RRS YE PRR Se Ee eB es 111 
Re | POLIGORAUUNE. 22665 oe ns eet tn decors daeeees st eS ALL eM ee SS 112 
Meer Osae es Co ee tee eee heen BES ek ee ee A 114 
Die ears ole ee teem ote ieee eciehs web aeie pee lees kd 116 
Ms SEPUGUJIOTUINE 0 = rede See eck ee pee Ve Eee nag ty RU pea ee gay 
Cee Cee Rin he ER ARs Stew Seated Cin ee ee 118 
Pe anUION: Ol) Ps Manso: 2s. be es see hes a es 119 
CM ACMI Ee ot mete. oe ee RRA SRA EALAL Coe PRECIS one e acess - 120 
PEE SGN UCT UNIES 3s. eae Hi SED ces PSNI eek a5 eee PA eo: ia 
eR NMERCSECIUS 50 02s Stor cet Soe h A CRE SR keto on Teens 122 
wt LE. AS SS i peer ae ee rene ae ate eee ae ee ae ae 123 
PERE IICICOPE® Seek 1 a. uchnse eee te ke er lecs fe Se tek ek ele 124 
eT MAUREEN) oo. ra SoS ee see POD Dow seb eevee Ms oll 125 
ES EMILICM eee eS = ont ce Ate Rete ete ethan ee eke eee: 125 
MEAG INE Ate C2 SU Races eee eS Mee Peek 126 
CE PRIC OST Ee ee ee osc te Akers st Se et ee Clk te 27 
ae sietiribution-ol PL. verrucosum. 2.22.2 e262 ee ee hie RC AED 2% 
MEENA TINY Co 5 oo LRA TLL RAR MRR EAR AR cee Rete heehee od 128 
Pe eeatipuvion of 2: brachyanthum:.:..2.0:.2.220- 0.00 oie lee. 129 
ae GIAES © 22) 5 REE ke tok kee OL URNS he oo 130 
PEM ARE WENN eek ie one jt ie ok eS SO 13d 
LLU. SE TESA ie aes et | On ep ee 133 
Pee eaniripation Gl 2. wroilicanwm:=.52¢202. 2284 el lle bes: 133 
SCR SIICCIISE. Le LAL ERE Eee Rte een NOON, ok oe 134 
PA APROTIONE = ok © sro OS eek A ee 6 WBE RIOD Sa 135 
TT PITA TOTO. op est ee hh 55 SA AAA RRO Ey AE Os leit We NS SE 13 7/ 
Sea MUM RAISIN iS joe eee ON See Ree ee eer oe ul ne 138 
Lee TE EL TINTS a une teh A NER a sD ai atest Sa 139 
Dae LEU UL CSB ee aa aie a ee a AN MG AS el earn aS Lo Moe ey 140 
ee ae aier eee tise hee tk dl Ae 8 bh ee iommeh Nee apr rd Wr te ere 141 
136. P. depauperatum..... Rees (hie! Lies eed eee cA ct 152 
La stmpuon of (> depouperntune 222. yee ok 2 Pe ot TEES 153 
RNP es HAUNT ee i A oes ko CN AR ee had Re vind eer WS 154 
eee Mio ot 1. PETlONGiIN » 23222 Soe Sees eet eee et 154 
See WINCUNTOLUETT = oe = a SR ee Ei SOR EEA Oe es 155 
Pee OO Giripumon Onl: VINA OLIN, Oo oon Pe Poe oes ee one 2 we 156 
eee FULTIICINS 22. ras ey Ee eR BE wh ee TNE see ots 157 
ee MeO PAUL ES WETICE). foes e heh es See oe he a ee OO 2 es 157 
Wiha CT Ge. i 7 | ae a eho nae a ey Sea Oe ee ERR Sleeve 158 
Pa PEC GFE. LATTOTUN 252-45 Oe es fl kts FIVE el Seek: 159 
eed TI BOSOM ie hee NE ih a kh NO RL es 160 


Pre A SLHbIOM OF Es FAIOPENSCs) 22 2o2 22 ae nee See ek 2d ewe SLE Fee e. 160 


x 


Fig. 148 


149. 
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153. 
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156. 
157. 
158. 
159. 
160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
HG: 
168. 
169. 
170. 
He /ale 
172. 
173. 
174. 
175. 
176. 
LA Tes 
178. 
179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 
184. 
185. 
186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
191. 
192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 
200. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page 
P., calapense strictirameum: 9.5 2 aa ane 2 eee 161 
Distribution of P. calapense sirictirameum 2... - 2 eee 161 
Py CUMGHUMN eae Bae be oe eee 162 
Distribution of. Pichatume 2.2.2) eee 163 
P. polyedulon... 2. sides see. ob. bee ee, 163 
Distribution of P. polycaulon..2.. 22). 42 164 
P.. SITIQOSWI os cook oo nk oa tk as se 164 
Distribution of Ps strigosum:< 52.2.2... 2... 5- se 165 
P OCQUIOTES boc icoee es ts ceed bel eee ee 167 
Distribution of P: aciculares..3.- woo. eee 168 
P... Chryso psi diols 2. 0s een ta ened 168 
Distribution of P. chrysopsidijolum. 2.5.29. - 2 eee 169 
iP CONSANGUINCUM = =e secre nae ee ee 169 
Distribution of P: consangquinewm. 22.2.2 2.1.22 .12. 5 ee 170 
P-ONGUSUOUUNL 2 aoe Steers Wee ee Au eae 171 
Distribution of P. angusiifoliwm...-.. 2.22552 -45- 5 eee A: 
Pe JUSYOTINOD + oe segues seebe oe Lokee = ieee eee eee 172 
Distribution of P. fusiforme. :... 2252.2. 4 52), Bee 173 
P.oreniwcolovdes. so. eee 173 
Distribution of P.arenicoloides........ 3. 2. 2) eee 174 
PB JOVINWM 2 oi cece Ge ee oe Sha Oe ee eee 175 
Distribution oP. OvINUMhs. os. se ke ee cpade es Aaa am 175 
PP. neuranthuim s..sso0c oe en ee eee eee eee 176 
Distribution of P. neuranthum.... 2.3225. 355.2 eee 176 
Po bicknelliy 0 cook ek eee tee Le eee 177 
Distribution of P. bicknellin ooo. eee War 
P calliphyllm. vecwcssc dct oe 178 
Distribution of P. calliphyllum.<_2:. 232522... so ee 178 
PL NUGUOUWE bo Nok ek ee ee ee ee 179 
Distribution of P: nudicaule.. clo. ls a eee 179 
Ps MAVCOCOT PON Rs fio). Vikan. Se che ce 6 a ees eC oe Bee ee 182 
Distribution of B. macrocarpon....2..-.222.-. 22 ae ee 182 
PS itidunie. oo eo eee a eee 184 
Distribution of P: nitidum =. 2 ...). Soon he eee 184 
RP MullirQMeUm. so s2 on eds Skee eb eee ea eee 185 
Pannier en bn hie oe ee eee 186 
Distribution of Po annulum... 2.6. cos. 6. on i eee 186 
P. matiamuskeetense 0.6 oes 187 
Distribution ot 2. matiamuskeetense.. 9.4... eee 187 
P Cube ci seine en ee a ee eee 188 
Distribution of P.cluteto.ccccecveouee ac oe eee 188 
Pi DORAL E ssc sss ca eee win bi Bip ee ee 189 
Distribution of 2: boreale...0 a2. ee ose kn eo ee 190 
P., dichOtomun 2.0 bck ot caenceend sce ets eee eee 191 
Distribution of 2: dichotomum. 2 2) 2 5. eee eee 192 
P. barbulatw enced ce os oe on oe ee ee eee 193 
Distribution of P. barbulatwm...2 2.2.52... See ee eee 194 
P.. YOORINENSG soos scons cles oe 2 ess 4). Beles Woe ee = eee 195 
Distribution of P. yadkinense. 22. 225252502 oe 2 ee 196 
P. TOQNOKCNSE s2.c:0s eo oie ok ee ee eee ee eee 196 
Distribution. of P. roanokense....-. ose pe ee eee 197 
P  COCTUTCSCONS 2 yee ints sie oe os ee eee 197 


Distribution of P. caerulescens....:-..- soc 2:ce 5. oe eee eee 198 


Fie. 201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 
205. 
206. 
207. 
208. 
209. 
210. 
rAd 
rai A 
es. 
214. 
215. 
216. 
vA Wt a 
218. 
219. 
220. 
A 
on. 
Ze: 
224. 
225. 
226. 
A 
228. 
229. 
230. 
Pal: 
232. 
233. 
234. 
20). 
236. 
Doi. 
238. 
239. 
240. 
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242. 
243. 

"244, 
245. 
246. 
247. 
248. 
249. 
250. 
251. 
252. 
253. 


ILLUSTRATIONS, XI 


Page 
EUS ee ge ee ee, Lk, Oa de gv 198 
GEE OUUIOL OW Ls VULIOUN isc ooo ocd ce sod eee oe ee Ek a ein 199 
Here SE ONRIS ONES ais /iSe sas 3 vik, oi bce REE CM eRe ese Lalit. SE 200 
Peso wMonvor © .SPLagniCcOlas ©... Jai nes eae we as SSS ee See ale ask 200 « 
SRC ea SUI AE Se Ab ae or orare oe DS OE EE SON ER Wels tees Ne 202 
ieeg RET LOLIp OE? SPITELUMUE o> Bonnier So awd oes CH OT OSE ees 6 dds 202 
A AENCTIIRCRI anes coche aha, SAT IOs 203 
PRU ION OLE. LERONEINUEI Ue Ce S205 penic la eee rd rornfads aS ae Sa D 204 
2 LEB V0 ee es al 205 
Psion Ob 2. (EUCOUMTUE SS oc. oe i RL Sh ee 206 
MRAP LUR UN ainsi 5 apapcivi as SOMES RESIN ase ee Bee OES oe a 206 
Pitrinmonor . longiligulazun so... 4.-/- 9 Sooo Re a ee 207 
JETS ACEO) Oise RE EE LENS Th ea aS, So OE 207 
Breiteniren Ol EF UWrIGhHONUIMIES. sn2 donee = sree eee Shee 82 208 
ES) PLETE ETA 2 ea ON GARE SER 1 A LotR Ec a ROR URLS ah os UE Se 211 
Meaenthtonl Ol E>, IRETIOIONGLES 2. coc. Se 211 
AIT CASO! Savi pete ey. Ul CSUN I a, ote EE Wh oa 212 
breetniionmol E. GlbenarTlense.< =... -.ceccid oe ons Swe Bae SL ee 2S 
MM CALI rao Male harsh sid) Sco Ania a) ps SIRES Ae aL ee ee 213 
Mesnonnon OP. anglican .oso..o.2.2hsc< 2/50 eR 214 
RUFC ICCA es oie i i rl erent ium ae ag 8, poy cory OT awe | as 215 
Bresceroliionvon LE: NUMMChuene so. es ees ee ee SS 216 
WM MCLICECISITUICOIC tre SUPE Numer rote jake t. OS Oe e cad Se a Re ae ZA 
Dasiripation- or P. huachucae silvicola.... 2.22.2... .coe Shee eee be nol 218 
LU BBS OG Te NS AN eee eee ONE OS Setar Ne mn Na ie en Od tre 5 a Be 219 
bESBHsMLIOIMN Olt F-. LCI MESSCCNSE so Sones cc ss = oad deec wos Obese 219 
RMP TERITMIAS TUM a emia ae Serato ough eaten ath CE he ee a ated Papal 
MNeA ELON. OFF - (QIVUGINOSIM.2 05 25s oo en be ae es ewASS te ate 222 
cp OE IL OUEUE ATED, ee 50 a a ed ie eee ee Ene Se Ce Glee 7 ORME Same Ts Ray BY 223 
DRG Pe ee a DR ae oe a a sera Min Ah oe | 223 
Beem IGtGI) Ol 5 CWOUTIOS- so onisciincie wee ae ee see eee oe oe 224 
wey BTEC LSSTVT Ae 22 eR Sea Be kA ne tea eR re Oe Sak 224 
MGheHOTGIOl. UAMOUIIaRe ce 1 2 8 see Nw Se Eh eo NE 225 
RNA PISECCTL TIGeent ee ete ee 8 Re ee, ek ke Sneath Apc iee AE ES 225 
RE UC COCL US ae Sete tito Pattee et = ete aun WE Nhe. SNe he Eee 226 
PmptONtOn: OF 2 PlACCOCHUS: 2 a5. 2 thn St eek Saber ates oe 227 
MEDIA ORRIN re aja faerie Sire Je ol ae a pe gee Ita hale he Ue DAT 
Winsituiton Ol. SUDUILLOSUM «22.02.52 552 sees ae Seen ee eae 228 
AEDT IEE oa i= api ws "aad a ae Bier Ne NO eed cy oe Rs 229 
DiSpEtOU Ol FS GlRENTM es 2 lk oss esa noe aheetage. By PRs 229 
Bia ABE DICE a ams SNS or Steg a: dow: in, ov oe a Re el BS ee ee 230 
DCM IONIO LE. JUCIOUM. 2a 502) ok. kay. eon ooo Sa Aa 230 
Dem CICTI DNC ee es on So) et EIS A Ne EE Ope hap eal ER As 231 
crit GAGH OL OE. LICTIILE a5) Soka hey e Oo pe eS ae ege eh 231 
Bens AUT ULL Soo i on ap) hc irc ASPET Se aN Rs a STAs 232 
Pcie MOU. Ohl: LONG WIOWM sess. ote os a se ee a he 232 
ELLOS HUE. dae tice 8s ona a ee EM USES eT a hy eT oe 234 
PSenr HOM OL LE + VULLOSISSINUUM in os os os aks echo oa dee Oe ae 235 
He PSC ONE PUUCSCENRS F-5. N odds ent bac Geis Agwoeuie es sk Path a o3 236 
Disicibaton of P. pseudopubescens 8 os 25 a5 «. vacant wxstev 0s oS: 236 
Saag ete NBs ie hs ides 3 2 Sg ok aL a ho hei tne £2 237 
Drreiet POLIO EUG LCs see elas oe eas CFT aco ies ea eS eek Se oad 238 


XII 


Fig. 254. 
255. 
256. 
PASTE 
258. 
259. 
260. 
261. 
262. 
263. 
264. 
265. 
266. 
267. 
268. 
269. 
270. 
Pahl 
Diane 
DAES 
274. 
2705. 
276. 
Dilates 
278. 
Pah) 
280. 
281. 
282. 
283. 
284. 
285. 
286. 
287. 
288. 
289. 
290. 
291. 
292. 
293. 
294. 
295. 
296. 
297. 
298. 
299. 
300. 
301. 
302. 
ave. 
304. 
305. 
306. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page 
Distribution of P. scoparioides. 2522 5-2 2)-<ie ss en ee 239 
Pishastense2 2.02.2. Ts ee eee eee 239 
Distribution of P.shastense: i. 34.520 22s cee 240 
Ps MGlGcon 0) cane Pe Eee ARE 241 
Distribution of. P. malacon 2... ose ee 241 
P) COMMONSONUMN. -202. 0p Boe eke ORO ee ee 242 
Distribution of .P. commonsianum. 2 .2.2225-.2 5.4.70 242 
P. Gddisonia ieee Ro LS Se 243 
Distribution of P.addisoni 2. cs. wae eon cee eee 244 
P. wilmingtonense : oo eds oe 6 LO eee 244 
Distribution of P. wilmingtonense.. 28.) 562 4 eee 245 
PELSUGCLOTILTIN so Jos es ee lupe 2 245 
Distribution of P. tsugetorum. 20.6.5 chs pods ee 246 
P. columbianumess ooo one Sa a ee eee 247 
Distribution of P..columbianum:. 2 3.).2s53 42-8 eee 248 
P. columbianum thin... 0s ok AER ee a ee 248 
Distribution of P. columbianum thiniuits....-=--6252 2. eee 249 
Pworicol@se ce se ese ee 2 249 
Distribution of P. ortcola 2.22. A bs x is eee 250 
P. sphacrocarpon .. 2 ose Se TE ee 251 
Distribution of P. sphaerocarpon 1... 3.2 ee eee 252 
P. sphacrocarpon mplatum:: 0.22. 224552.) ee 204 
Distribution of P. sphacrocarpon inflatum. --42-222-2- ses eee eee 254 
Pi POolyGnthes. i s6 ola RB ee 259 
Distribution of P.polyanthes. 2.22.02... .. 28s ee eee 256 
P. erechifoliwm: 2.34 ee ied aa ow hs SE, SO ee 257 
Distribution of P. ereetifolawm —. 2. ase. ces sao eee ee 257 
PEON cess ke LU Ore eee aN PSS ee 259 
Distribution of P. tenwe:..0....254 24.22.26 ee eee 260 
P; albomargmatum: ©. oso slo... eek De Pens eee 260 
Distribution of P: albomarginatwm...:222 52425-3454. eee 261 
Pavol Joy ee oe ee A ee oe 261 
Distribution of P. trifolium...........-.-. ll. eee 262 
Ps MQVOUUONS Jos oes oe le ee ee 262 
Distribution of PB. flavovwrens: 2.52222 242 eee 263 
PB.  CONCUUNUUS bie ass Hore Ee OSES OSs ee 263 
Distribution of P.-concinniws 2.20550 52 ee 264 
Poensiyolum nsec co ks he be ee 265 
Distribution.of P. ensijolvum 222.5542 52 622425222 Ue ee eee 266 
PP Verngless So 45 SS SEO Oe 266 
Distribution-of Pwernales.. 0.222.524 occas eee 267 
IP! CUPL OUUTAE aS Se ee Ll eS Gace Pe a ES 268 
Distribution of P. curtifolium.....-- Pere ater mre a = 268 
P.. chamaclonche.. 20) ose a oe Se eee 269 
Distribution of P xchamaclonche.: . 5.2225 2.2 925-522-5226 2 eee 269 
P.. glabrifohium ) gee 2 ie ica Se ee ee eee 270 
Distribution of P. glabrifolvuny.o. 2.225065. 220 ee 270 
P. Greve ss eek Sede Lee e ee ee ake 2 271 
Distribution of Ps breve oo. sos 65 SaaS ee ee 271 
Py paucrerliatwm. 20 5 229 oes a eee 272 
Distribution of P. pauciethatim....5025-22508225-2 seu ee eee 272 
P. bancegrquin os of oo. EEE eee 8S 5h A eee 273 


Distribution of 2. lancearuum< 565 ae ee ase eee eee 274 


- ILLUSTRATIONS. XIII 


Page. 

Ee I he scan cea 6 At cs da vo sae eS Ree elas oo = co Se eee 275 
ee MEET IMAG OL 2. POLMIUI: 2 os 2 2 ao nano Sale Sores Cee aw Sa 279 
ee Re CH OCIIAMU Moe cia 5 Ssne's co 5.55 2c ns SOMES SE oe ee eats occ ke 276 
iP ebMateibution of PY webbemanum... . =... 2.% ec 4-22 e sete eke se 277: 
SEI PE RARCHENIONLU TRS ice nc os Sociol. iis s Ug ae eee MER lb 217 
ee PMAIEDULON OL Ls POLEREJONUM...°2. 5. -. 02. sd wat ndlite ees snc. ees 278 
NERA FELON LEM: 55 F4OR ore toc as RNS STR oe Ue YS 279 
Per patidon OF FP pileORIWIM << 2 hci s eke nane ace oe see Ne ela oe ees 279 
PE MACE UL IPN = 22 on cus eek SER Ok Cee keer G Mn. Saslee albiad 3.26% 280 
Sia anh pion Of P, malacophyllins . 3202 222 2 ed eee le poe ke 281 
PEM CMPP = trier 6c t-te nes SHER Eas dct Lees eee ee eee Ne tT 282 
TUE MUDION OL Fo MELUT Us 2.0.5 oars Sec bo Koti oe oeae en ees eMieSSe we 282 
Pe ESCEIIIIET TUNIC « Sie ons sa Same oo. ee Sd aglce mes eee e8 ce tie eee 284 
PP ere AU LOMY OL 2. SCTLOMETIONUIM <<. cc Syor = wie - Sonne Sci nerd a Soe Date 2 wicked = 285 
Spe R IPINIES Steet a. eo) seic ne Says Oa See iets one eae SRN E 286 
escrito Ol 2. olgosanthese <3. 5 f..o8o sicce sos oes se leds fen be Ses 287 
MITRE EE Neer te tA een uN ES a SONS elie alter ors ao 288 
een UOM Ol F TAVCNEM 222s so. aioe. oe ode oe eek eaten noes 288 
PRM Eta We OS hy 2) Ere oda At a tome ee et 289 
PE MMELEN IU GION OF J. 1CtUEnGt oo va 8S - 2. 2k PSS PIS are: 290 
UTR NO DUS? = 1 4e es ag tase yy Sere aie we Coe es Vk Sees Se 291 
Bee TM iiial Of -F.TAntuwophysuny. >... 22s ee5. see oye eee eee 292 
EMRE CENT IHD oe eee ere ears Sa ch HL yas od Se nh ee Ses Ged a 292 
Bomemibairioiiien OFF. pediccllatum. 2 oe ee see os See Bod 2 eS eee 293 
NORM LINENS a2 Stn ScrScioe claw Mo aAO SSeS AW de sold Shoe SSS S 293 
Pee Ll aio Ol do NOGALINL.: 22226 252s oS sl Sede 2a os elk 294 
aE ESA UIGUT NIUE Sia errs aie Bio ik, ee Nei MGR bats oO oUdae pat eae oe 295 
fe Pe ELIOT OL J, SCOPATIENY.-c 2. ee oad ee ted ee Shee ec del 8 296 
Se LPI SIC NY ND te arsg tes PR a hay a ees a) a APES Se he Gener wis wa dee Deke 296 
ACOA FUND Pe te re ee aS ees Se wes oie 297 
Peat IOM. OF), GCNICMEUM a7. . 2.105 2 sis 22 es oe dl eee 298 
eee SION PASC pry ee ya ME ee BETES aoe eee oes 299 
See PO MMITION OS EP SCODTIUISCHUUM.. o2 JS. ee ve cess oe feo ee 299 
Sl Pi ETE AOpen Ce ea oer NL ee a 300 
Bob isie I DNilOn Ol L: Cry plantihwmns 2.554 232% 22 este see OMe eas 6k 300 
ERS CT ee Mo See ene Stata ao Sans pts At Mere Na Nc chy ae Delain wo 302 
SeeMDRLVRION OLE, ASNELs = 2-7. at oe So ee seit Seon is Ie de a 302 
Eade CELUI LOLTLIETID Seen ors Ps oo RE seal Pure ui aehae Ti Bplay SiS ahapes ater 305 
SS IGEI LION OFF COMMULOLUM _. .... 05 Pet awin lees a oid Seve Soe eS 306 
SMPTE TILT UDI CrS ote iret | se so Nato ka et Ue eles palais SE) ch ites 307 
poeeebaeteibiition of P. wulabile ss. |.) 5 05. eet eek es 308 
2a LE. OU pS ee RE eee IR Aaa BLY ACARI eRe cist Riad ern ee: 309 
ee Pam IONNOE EP . JOOTIs <5 Jain sve ao ae ea aes Se aia ee 309 
et Ree ree ET Ae es oo Sg as So) hen ac oe no es 310 
ae ier non: OF L. CQNOLCTOLE. . 22... Someste at oreo ee Face nde wa 311 
Ee PUT AUO TY ECULIT AD Eg Aaa RR Ae ee See) ORE fins hel pea NOE bh a D Sel 
sage CUM MCAANL EM aes oo he Pe Ne pe ce alt he i 313 
Soe Dini PE RIO OP SChARGESTINWINe. 2a te elt.) dot Soe oo ee a ee see 313 
Sa Steele aE PR SUAT een ee IE ie dat es Ge Bil Shoo ee 315 
att ashe MIO OF LCL OMI Se ae Dake Vases Sana oe ees mnie reine isin 316 
SPEEA STIG VAL SS A A Ri eg ae 9 ean Oc i a Ca Pe iets ys) 
een Det NIRA OL Eo UOREN 5 aco. Soci cen eee ah Boe bei eek n Ue ble aware 319 


aed a TeLe: PALO En gedaan Ok iy ie Od ee ie 320 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 

. Distribution-of P. bose: molle: . 3). os se ee eee 320 
DP ODTUSUME ok cine bc owe OU VR EE 321 
. Distribution of P. obtusum... 20.2... 05362. a eee 322 
P MUO MONS bc oe oe Se eee 323 
Distribution of P. hennvteomon........ .. 26. ce. eee eee 324 
P, cihatissmumi coc. 0. eb es ee ee 324 
Distribution of P.. ciliatisswmium... 2 26 oo. oc 0 eee 325 
P, AZOMOUMES oo in co bs on 2 es 8 Ce eee 326 

- Egy nOcaT pone: an. Sb heweccebens-scecke nee Seer 327 
; Distribution of P. gymnocarpon.2..2. 33-285 225-2 4. See 328 
PACCOlOLANS is aS kn See ase snes keeenle Sassen See 328 


THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PANICUM. 


By A. S. Hircucock AnD AGNES CHASE. 


INTRODUCTION. 
BASIS AND METHODS OF THE WORK. 


The present paper discusses the species of Panicum known to occur 
in North America north of Panama, including the West Indies. The 
results presented are based primarily upon the collections in the 
United States National Herbarium. The collections of Panicum in 
all the large herbaria in this country and in Europe have also been 
examined. In addition to the work done on this large amount of 
herbarium material both authors have carried on for several years 
extensive field studies in all parts of the United States, as is indicated 
by the specimens cited under “‘ Distribution.”” A number of species 
of the section Dichanthelium have been grown for several seasons 
in the greenhouse in order to determine the relation between the 
vernal and autumnal forms. 


AMERICAN HERBARIA EXAMINED. 


BittmMore, NortH Carouina. The Biltmore Herbarium, contain- 
ing the types of most of the grasses published by Chapman in his 
Flora of the Southern States. 

CamMBRIDGE. The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 

Cuicaco. The herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History. 

New Yor«k Crry. The herbarium of the New York Botanical 
Garden, at Bronx Park. The herbarium of Columbia University, 
which is kept apart from the general herbarium of the Botanical 
Garden, contains the Torrey Herbarium, each sheet of which is appro- 
priately stamped. The private herbarium of Mr. George V. Nash is 
also located at the Botanical Garden. 

PHILADELPHIA. The herbarium of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, containing the plants of Nuttall and Buckley 


41616°—vot 15—10——1 


2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


incorporated in the general herbarium, and the Muhlenberg Herba- 
rium and the Short Herbarium seoreented: 

Sr.Lours. The herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. This 
contains the Bernhardi Herbarium and the Engelmann Herbarium 
incorporated in the general herbarium. 

WasHiIneton. The United States National Herbarium in the 
National Museum. 

Besides the above many smaller collections were examined, about 
45 in all, from the herbaria of educational institutions and fom pri- 
vate amonrake among which may be mentioned the following: 

The Elhott Herbarium at the Charleston Museum, Charleston, 
South Carolina, containing the types of species described in Elliott’s 
Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia. 

The Parry Herbarium, at the Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 

The Gattinger Herbarium, at the University of Tennessee, Knox- 
ville, Tennessee. 

The private herbarium of Mr. W. W. Ashe, Forest Service, Wash- 
ington, D. C., containing the types of many species described by him 
in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Society. For several years this 
herbarium has been in storage and not easily accessible. Mr. Ashe 
kindly loaned a portion of the collection of Panicum in December, 
1905. A second portion was sent in February, 1908. Certain of Mr. 
Ashe’s type specimens were not included in either of those loans, but 
they may become accessible at some future time. These are men- 
tioned under the appropriate species. 

The private herbarium of Prof. F. Lamson-Scribner, which was 
partially destroyed by fire in 1894. The remaining portion, consisting 
of the Paniceae, Poa, and a part of the Agrostideae, together with 
subsequent additions, was purchased by A. 8. Hitchcock in 1905 and 
is now at the United States Department of Agriculture. 

_ The Mohr Herbarium, now at the United States National Herba- 
rium. 

We have been unable to locate the types of Rafinesque or of 
Alphonso Wood. 


EUROPEAN HERBARIA EXAMINED. 


Antwerp. The herbarium of the late Doctor Van Huerck contains 
a good set of the plants collected by Salzmann in Bahia, Brazil. 

ATTERSEE. Here is the large and important private herbarium 
of the eminent Austrian agrostologist, Dr. Eduard Hackel, formerly 
of St. Pélten, later of Graz. 

Bern. The herbarium is at the Ko6niglicher Botanischer 
Garten, which is located at Dahlem-Steglitz, a suburb. The Willde- 
now Herbarium is kept apart. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. S 


BrussEts. The herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de |’Etat 
contains some of ournier’s types, especially those based on the 
collection of Galeotti from Mexico. 

CoPpENHAGEN. The herbarium is at the Universitets Botaniska 
Have, or Botanical Garden of the University. Of especial importance 
is the large collection of Liebmann plants from Mexico. 

Frorence. At the herbarium of the Orto Botanico are many types 
of Poiret in the Desfontaines Herbarium. There are also many 
duplicate types of Desvaux and Lamarck and a good collection of 
Bosc’s Carolina plants. 

Geneva. There are three large herbaria here. The Conserva- 
toire et Jardin Botaniques contain the Delessert Herbarium. The 
De Candolle Herbarium, in the city of Geneva, and the herbarium of 
William Barbey, known as the Boissier Herbarium, at Chambésy, a 
suburb, are both private. There is also a smaller herbarium at the 
Institut de Botanique de |’ Université. 

GOTTINGEN. Of chief interest to American botanists is the Grise- 
bach Herbarium, at the Botanischer Garten der Universitit. 

Hate. Prof. Carl Mez has been engaged for several years upon a 
revision of the Paniceae for Engler’s Pflanzenreich. He has bor- 
rowed the grasses of this group from several of the larger European 
herbaria. These collections were examined at Halle through the 
courtesy of Doctor Mez. 

Lonpon. The rich collections of this city are grouped at three 
places. The largest collection is at the Royal Botanic Gardens at 
Kew, a suburb of London. This contains many types of species 
described by Pursh. The herbarium of the British Museum of 
Natural History, at South Kensington, contains, aside from the 
general collection in which is the Gronovius Herbarium and many 
authentic specimens from Raddi, Rudge, and others, certain segre- 
gated herbaria, two of which are the Sloane Herbarium and a small 
collection of Walter’s plants. The Linnean Herbarium is at the 
rooms of the Linnean Society of London. 

Maprip. The herbarium at the Jardin Botanico contains the types 
of Cavanilles and Lagasca. 

Municu. The herbarium at the Konigliches Botanisches Museum 
contains the collections of Martius from Brazil, the grasses of which 
were described by Nees von Esenbeck in his Agrostographia Brasil- 
iensis and by Doell in Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis. There are also 
duplicates from Swartz and Lagasca. 

Papua. At the Orto Botanico is an important collection made 
by. Bose in Carolina. These plants were obtained mostly in the 
vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina, and Wilmington, North 
Carolina.” 


aLaségue, Musée Botanique de Delessert 201. 1845. 


4. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Paris. From an agrostological standpoint the collections at 
Paris are of great importance. The herbarium is at the Muséum 
d’Histoire Naturelle in the Jardin des Plantes. The general her- 
barium contains the types of Bonpland, Desvaux, Fournier, Richard, 
and Steudel. The Michaux Herbarium, the Jussieu Herbarium, 
and the Lamarck Herbarium are severally segregated. The Cosson 
Herbarium recently acquired by the Muséum contains many Poiret 
types. The private herbarium of Drake de Castillo, now located at 
Rue de Balzac 2, and containing the Franqueville Herbarium, has 
come under the control of the Muséum. Here are many duplicate 
types of Michaux and Richard, and a set of Schaffner’s Mexican 
plants. 

Pracur. To Americans the most important plants here are those 
collected by Haenke and described by C. B. and J. S. Presl in Reli- 
quiae Haenkeanae. A part of the grasses are at the Museum des 
K6nigreichs Béhmen and a part at the Botanischer Garten of the 
German University. 

St. PrTrmrspure. The herbarium of the Botanical Garden con- 
tains the Mexican collections of Karwinsky and F. Mueller, among 
which are several of Fournier’s types. To agrostologists a very 
important herbarium is that of Trinius at the Académie Impériale 
- des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. ‘This is kept apart from the general 
herbarium. 

StockHoLm. The herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum 
contains the types of Fries and Lindman from South America and, 
segregated, the Swartz Herbarium of West Indian plants. 

Vienna. The most important herbarium is that of the Kaiser- 
liches und Ké6nigliches Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum. 


TYPE SPECIMENS. 


As indicated in a previous paper % the type specimen of a species 
is that specimen or one of the specimens from which the author 
drew up the description, or the specimen which the author had chiefly 
in mind when writing the description. Not infrequently the descrip- 
tion is based upon a single specimen, in which case there is no doubt 
as to what specimen is the type. Sometimes the author had several 
specimens at hand, in which case it becomes necessary to determine, 
if possible, which specimen represented to the author his ideal of the 
species. This may be shown, in case the author has designated no 
type, by the specific name, which may indicate a collector or locality, 
or by a careful comparison of the description, and especially of notes, 
with the specimens, or by some note upon the sheets of specimens 
which the author is known to have had before him at the time of — 


a Hitchcock, Types of American Grasses, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 113. 1908. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5 


describing the species. In the absence of any indication that will 
point toward a pérticular specimen, the first one mentioned or the 
one from the locality first mentioned with the original description, 
or at least the first one among those equally eligible, is chosen as the . 
- type. 
Immediately following the citation of the name and its place of 
publication, is, quoted verbatim, when practicable, the “type 
locality,” or that portion of the author’s statement which indicates 
the origin of his specimen. Where there is doubt as to what specimen 
is the type, the reasons are given for choosing any particular specimen. 
All the types mentioned have been examined by one or both of the 
authors unless otherwise stated. After quoting from: the original 
publication the portion relating to the type, we have indicated the 
location of the type specimen and have recorded any information 
concerning the specimen, or any data of significance upon the label. 


SYNONYMY. 


The name of each species accepted in this work is the earliest valid 
name, as governed by the recent American Code of Botanical Nomen- 
clature.* Under the accepted name the synonyms have been placed 
in chronological sequence. 

Nomina nuda have been mentioned only when they have found 
their way into botanical literature, especially the Index Kewensis. 
If such nomina nuda can be identified by type specimens they are 
placed as synonyms of the species to which the type belongs. If 
they were originally mentioned as synonyms but can not be identified, 
they are placed under those species to which they were assigned as 
synonyms. 

Typonyms are different names based upon the same type. When 
an author definitely changes a name, or substitutes one name for 
another, the old name and the new are typonyms of each other. This 
is the case even when the author making such change describes a 
different species, or cites incorrect synonyms or specimens that 
belong to a different species. As an example of a simple change of 
name we have,? “Panicum ramisetum Scribn. nom. nov. Panicum 
subspicatum Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 25, 1889, not 
Desvaux, Opuscules 84, 1831.’’ The evidence here is complete that 
Pamcum ramisetum Scribn. and P. subspicatum Vasey are typonyms. 
As an example of change of name accompanied by a description of 
a different species may be given, Panicum polyneuron Steud.* The 
author had evidently seen no specimen of this himself, but translates 


a4 Bull. Torrey Club 84: 167-178. 1907. 
6U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900. 
¢Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:91. 1854. 


6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the description of P. nervosum Muhl. given by Torrey® and cites as 
synonym, “‘P.nervosum Mihlbrg.Gram. p. 116,” and also cites ‘‘ Torr. 
Fl. N. Am. J. 143.” Steudel apparently changes the name on account 
of P. nervosum Lam., which he described on the same page. The 
grass described by Steudel, that is, the one described by Torrey, is 
P. latifolum L., but since Steudel intended to change Muhlenberg’s 
name, P. polyneuron Steud. is a typonym of P. nervosum Mubhl., 
which is P. commutatum Schult. Hence P. polyneuron is placed as 
a synonym under P. commutatum Schult. 

A change of rank of misapplied names has not infrequently been 
made by authors. Such names are typonyms of the original regard- 
less of the plant described. For example, Panicum mtidum barbu- 
latum Chapm.? is based on P. barbulatum Michx., but the species 
described by Chapman is P. microcarpon Muhl. Nevertheless P. ni- 
tidum barbulatum Chapm. is a typonym of P. barbulatum Michx. 
In the same way all subspecific names based on P. barbulatum Michx., 
to whatever species applied, are typonyms of P. barbulatum Michx. 
and are listed under that species in this paper, though the species 
described, or the one the particular author supposed he was trans- 
ferring, was usually P. microcarpon Muhl. 

The cases are not infrequent where one author has misapplied the 
- name of a preceding author—that is, under a given name has described 
a different species. Pursh* uses the name Panicum diffusum Swartz, 
but describes a different species, P. flecile (Gattinger) Scribn. The 
Index Kewensis lists the former as ‘Panicum diffusum Pursh.” 
This is misleading, as Pursh did not intend to describe a new species 
with the name P. diffusum. It is a case of misapplication of a name, 
or an error of determination. Names of this kind are not listed as 
synonyms, but, where the importance warrants it, they are men- 
tioned as misapplications in a note at the end of the synonymy. 


SPELLING OF NAMES. 


The original spelling of names has been followed, except that 
typographical errors and wrong gender endings have been corrected. 
It is not always easy to determine how far it is proper to carry such 
corrections. In the case of Panicum sphagnicolum Nash, we have 
adopted the change to ‘‘sphagnicola,” already made by its author 
in Britton’s Manual, but it has not seemed wise to make such 
changes as ‘‘oligosanthes”’ to “oliganthum.” Occasionally the origi- 
nal spelling of names has been inadvertently altered by later 
authors. As an example of this may be mentioned “ barbatum”’ 
and ‘‘ barbatulum”’ instead of the original “ barbulatum.” Such mis- 


a¥Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 148. 1823. cFl. Amer. Sept. 1: 68. 1814. 
6 FI]. South. U.S. ed. 3. 586. 1897. 


a 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 7 


spellings are not given formal standing as synonyms, but are listed 
under the proper’ paragraph—that is, in this case, under Panicum 
_barbulatum. 


SPECIES, SUBSPECIES, AND FORMS. 


The determination of the relation of taxonomic groups rests, in the 
last analysis, upon judgment and experience. Such judgment is 
greatly influenced by the amount of material that has been examined, 
both in the herbarium and in the field. Our judgment concerning the 
taxonomic rank of many of the less known groups may be altered 
after an examination of more specimens. The herbarium may show 
only 1 per cent of specimens intermediate between two groups, while 
a study of the same groups in the field may show a much larger pro- 
portion of intergrades. Or, field work may show, on the other hand, 
that the peculiar or intermediate specimens are rare and that the two 
groups are easily distinguished. The line is not sharp between forms 
and subspecies nor between subspecies and species. If a group of 
specimens presents constant characters of what we consider major 
importance, it is recognized as representing a species. If the charac- 
ters are of minor importance, but constant and well marked, and the 
specimens tend to show a distinct geographical range, the group may 
still be given the rank of a species. If two groups present fairly well 
marked characters, but there is a considerable proportion of interme- 
diate specimens—that is, the characters are not constant for the two 
groups—they stand in the relation of species and subspecies. The 
names species and subspecies are a taxonomic convenience and are 
entirely arbitrary. They may not represent a biological relation in 
the sense that one is an offshoot or development from the other, but 
signify only that the form to which the name species was applied was 
recognized and given taxonomic or nomenclatorial standing before 
the other. The species may be the less common or a product of local 
conditions. Panicum huachucae is the name applied originally to a 
specimen from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, but represents an 
outlying form of a widespread species. The commoner form has been 
designated a subspecies, P. huachucae stlvicola, because the name was 
applied to this at a later date. 

On the other hand, the fact that there are occasional intermediate 
specimens does not, of itself, invalidate the standing of two related 
groups as species. It becomes then both a question of fact and a 
question of judgment. If the two groups as a whole show well-marked 
and fairly constant characters, and an examination of a large number 
of-specimens indicates that as a matter of fact the number of inter- 
grades is comparatively few, we have accepted the two groups as 
species and have mentioned intermediate herbarium specimens. 


8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The geographical range of a form is to be taken into consideration 
along with the morphological characters, in determining the taxonomic 
standing of a given group. A group distinguished by small differ- 
ences in morphological characters may be assigned subspecific or 
even specific rank when the differences are supported by a distinct 
or at least a different geographical range. Groups that are not 
sufficiently distinct to be assigned subspecific rank are mentioned 
after the general description of the species and specimens are cited as 
illustrations. In a few cases these citations are given in a formal 
manner to emphasize the distinctness of the group, in which cases the 
same specimens do not occur among those cited in the general dis- 
tribution. Usually the specimens mentioned as illustrating a par- 
ticular departure from the typical form are cited by collector and 
number or date only, and are repeated under “Distribution.” The 
locality is given in such cases only when the geographical range is of 
significance. 


GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 


The species of the genus Panicum, numbering probably about five 
hundred, are found in the Tropics and warm temperate regions of both 
hemispheres. In North America the genus extends throughout the 
West Indies, Central America, Mexico, and the United States and into 
the southern part of the Dominion of Canada. The subgenus Dichan- 
thelium, which includes over one-half the species of the entire genus 
as represented in North America, is confined to the Western Hemi- 
sphere and almost to North America. The center of distribution of 
this group is the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Southeastern States, 
whence it extends north to the eastern Canadian Provinces, west to 
the Pacific coast and British Columbia and south through Mexico and 
the West Indies to northern South America. A few species of true 
Panicum, such as P. virgatuwm and species of Capillaria, also extend 
over a wide range. The latter group is represented from Maine to 
British Columbia and southward into South America. The genus is 
poorly represented in the mountainous regions of the United States 
and not at allat high altitudes. Panicum thermale is found around 
hot springs in the Rocky Mountains at an altitude of 2,000 meters, but 
this is an exceptional case. The genus is poorly represented on the 
Great Plains and especially in the arid regions of the Great Basin. 
As to habitat, the species are found growing under a variety of con- 
ditions, but rarely in shady, hard-wood forests. 


CITATION OF SPECIMENS. 


The general range of all species is given, so far as indicated by 
specimens, even when this range extends beyond the limits of — 
North America. The detailed citation of specimens is given by 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 9 


States or countries, the States being in the sequence followed by 
the Century Atks, the other countries and provinces being inter- 
polated or added with the intention of preserving the general sequence 
from north to south. Mexico and Central America precede the West 
Indies. The islands of Tobago and Trinidad are considered as 
belonging geographically to South America and are listed after 
Venezuela. All specimens cited in the distribution or mentioned in 
the notes are in the United States National Herbarium unless other- 
wise stated. Specimens from other herbaria are cited from States or 
countries when such specimens add to the known range or fill in gaps 
in the listed distribution. In such cases only one specimen is men- 
tioned from each additional State, unless the species is rare or of 
peculiar distribution. These additions are taken from other herbaria 
in the following order: Hitchcock’s herbarium, Gray Herbarium, 
herbarium of the Academy of Philadelphia, herbarium of the Mis- 
souri Botanical Garden, Biltmore Herbarium, herbarium of the Field 
Museum, the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club, and 
other local herbaria in no particular sequence. 

In order to save space, specimens are cited by collector and number 
only, or, if the collector’s number is not given, the year is stated.% 
This method makes clear in most cases the identity of the specimens 
listed. It must be borne in mind that when a specimen is cited by 
the collector’s number it refers to the particular sheet in the National 
Herbarium or other herbarium mentioned. It not imfrequently 
occurs that two or more species, collected at the same time and place, 
or collected at different times and places but supposed by the collec- 
tor to be the same species, are distributed under the same number to 
different herbaria. Collectors have in some cases sent to the National 
Herbarium a set of grasses for identification, and later distributed 
other sets in which the species under certain numbers were different 
from those submitted for names. ‘This is especially misleading if the 
labels state that the sets have been determined at the National 
Herbarium or the Department of Agriculture or by a specialist whose 
name appears upon the label. The numbered sets collected by 
Charles Wright in Cuba, which contain many examples of more than 
one species distributed under one number, have been discussed in an 
earlier publication. ® 

The locality cited in the distribution does not always exactly agree 
with that given on the label. Occasionally, for convenience, several 
specimens from the same general locality are listed under one head- 
ing; for instance, “‘ Vicinity of Cape Henry’’ may include specimens 
labeled ‘‘ Virginia Beach” or ‘‘Lynn Haven.” This has not often 


a Smith 1900 indicates that the specimen is Smith’s number 1900; Smith in 1900 
indicates that the specimen was collected by Smith in the year 1900. 
b Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 185. 1909. 


10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


been done and only when the number identifies the sheet. Speci- 
mens are listed under the names of the States as they are at present 
recognized and limited. Those labeled as from Indian Territory 
are listed under Oklahoma. 

The maps illustrating distribution are intended to present graph- 
ically the general range of each species within the United States. 
Usually a single dot is placed upon the map in each State in which 
the species is known to grow, as indicated by herbarium specimens. 
In the larger States a dot may be placed in each of the general divi- 
sions in which the species occurs. If the species is found throughout 
a State the dot representing this may be placed in the center, but if 
the species is confined to a particular portion of a State, such as the 
coastal plain of South Carolina, or subtropical Florida, the dot is 
placed in that portion. 


TEXT FIGURES OF SPIKELETS. 


Each species is illustrated by a text figure showing usually two 
views of the spikelet and one view of the fruit. The spikelet is 
usually shown as seen from the front and from the back, but in a few 
species the side view is shown, when this is more characteristic. The 
fruit is placed by the side of the spikelet, and on a line with its posi- 
tion within the spikelet, so that its relation to the other parts is 
readily apparent. These figures are all magnified ten diameters. 

The spikelets from which the drawings are made were usually 
from the type specimens of the species. In most cases where the 
type specimen was not accessible the drawings were made from the 
type or duplicate type specimens of one of the synonyms. In a 
very few cases the drawings were made from specimens which were 
not types or duplicate types. The identity of the specimen from 
which the drawing was made is indicated in each case. 


TERMINOLOGY. 


No new terms are used in the present paper, but it may be well to 
call attention to the term ‘‘lemma,’’ and to certain other terms used in a 
somewhat restricted or modified sense. ‘The lemmas, or the flowering 
glumes of some authors, are the bracts of the spikelet open the empty 
glumes. A lemma is ane to be fertile when it bears a perfect flower 
in its axil, and sterile when its flower is staminate or suppressed. 
The term fruit” is used to include the caryopsis and its inclosing lemma 
and palea. In the subgenus Dichanthelium the terms ‘‘ vernal form”’ 
and “‘autumnal form ”’ are used for the two successive seasonal condi- 
tions of the individuals. The vernal form appears early in the sea- 
son, in spring or early summer, and is followed sooner or later Wi the 
br anched stage called the “ set cesenene form.”’ 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 11 


HISTORY AND LIMITATION OF THE GENUS. 
“PRE-LINNEZAN USE OF THE NAME. 


The name Panicum, as used by the ancient Latin authors, referred 
to Chaetochloa italica (L.) Seribn. (Panicum italicum L.), and the 
genus Panicum of the medieval botanists was based mainly upon this 
species, which was commonly cultivated as a cereal. ‘Tournefort ¢ 
gave the genus a more formal standing and described fifteen species, 
one of which he figured. By him the genus is characterized as 
having the flowers aggregated in a spike and is made to include spe- 
cies now referred to Chaetochloa italica (L.) Seribn., C. viridis (L.) 
Seribn., C. verticillata (L.) Scribn., Pennisetum americanum (L.) 
Schum., Echinochloa crusgalla (L.) Beauv., Polypogon monspeliensis 
(L.) Desf., and Gastridium lendigerum (L.) Gaud. The species fig- 
ured, however, is a form of Chaetochloa italica, which is, therefore, 
the type of Panicum as limited by Tournefort. 

On the other hand the ancient name Milium referred to Panicum 
miliaceum L., the common millet of Europe. Tournefort followed 
his predecessors in including under the genus Milium the millets (Pa- 
nicum miliaceum L.) and the sorghums (Holcus sorghum L. ), but 
figures the former. 

Linneus ® at first recognized the two genera Panicum and Milium, 
basing the former on ‘‘Panicea Scheuch. 2:2,” and the latter on 
‘“‘ Tournef. 298.’’ The Scheuchzer®? figures cited by Linneus are 
those of the spikelets of Chaetochloa viridis and Echinochloa crusgalli. 
Linnzus’s description states that the involucre is many-leaved and 
capillary (‘‘Involucrum uniflorum, polyphyllum: foliolis capillari- 
bus, inaequalis insertionis”), which refers to the genus Chaetochloa 
Scribn. (Setaria Beauv.). This description, together with his ref- 
erence to Scheuchzer, would indicate Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Seribn. 
as the species considered by Linneus as typical of his genus Pani- 
cum. He also adds a note that in some species the valve of the 
corolla terminates in an awn, which statement refers to Echinochloa 
crusgalli. Linnzeus here uses the name Milium in the same sense as 
does Tournefort. The two genera are treated in the same manner in 
the succeeding editions of the Genera Plantarum, up to and including 
the fourth, published in 1752, except that a statement is added to 
the effect that an involucre is wanting in some species. In the fifth 
edition of this work @ the reference to Scheuchzer is omitted, as is also 
that portion of the diagnosis which refers to the involucre, and the 
above-mentioned note is replaced by one to the effect that species 
are included in which there is a many-leaved, capillary involucre. 
That is, in the first edition of this work that was published after the 
Species Plantarum the genus Panicum was based upon species hay- 


a Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 515. pl. 298. f. M. 1700. ¢ Acrost. 45. pl. 2. f. 2. 1719. 
6 Gen. Pl. 17. 1737. @Gen. Pl. 29. 1754. 


12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ing a 3-valved calyx and lacking awns and involucre. But it is 
clear from the note that Linneus here also referred to the genus 
Panicum those species in which the spikelet is awned and those with 
an involucre. It is true he refers to the corolla valves as being awned, 
but this is apparently an error, and originated from a misinterpreta- 
tion of Scheuchzer’s figure ® of Hcehinochloa crusgalli. 

As stated above the genus Milium, as described in the first edition 
of Linneus’s Genera Plantarum, is based on the species now called 
Panicum miliaceum L. and is taken directly from Tournefort’s work. 
The calyx is described as 3-valved. In the next three editions of the 
Genera Plantarum, Linneus still cites Tournefort as the author of 
Milium and refers to his plate 298, but he changes the diagnosis to 
read, calyx 2-valved, and adds the note that Milium with a 2-valved 
calyx differs from Panicum with a 3-valved calyx. The genus 
appears in the fifth and sixth editions as in the preceding three edi- 
tions, except that the last-mentioned note is omitted. 

The treatment of the two genera in the Species Plantarum ® is 
in accord with that in the fifth edition of the Genera Plantarum. 
Under Panicum twenty species are described, divided into two 
groups, Spicata and Paniculata. The species are as follows: 


SPICATA. 
1. P. alopecuroid[esj=Pennisetum caffrum (Bory) Leeke. 


Munro ° states that the specimen in the Linnean Herbarium is 
Gymnothri« thouaru Beauv., which species is referred by Leeke 4? as 
above. This is a different species from Pennisetum alopecuroides 
Desv.¢ or Pennisetum alopecuroides Spreng.,/ which is based on Cen- 
chrus alopecuroides Thunb. 


2. P.glaucum =Chaetochloa glauca (1.) Scribn. 

P. glaucum'B =Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. 

P. glaucumy =Chaetochloa glauca (1..) Scribn.g 
3. P. americanum= Pennisetum americanum (L.) Schum. 
4. P.italicum | =Chaetochloa téalica (L.) Scribn. 
5. P. crusgalli =EKchinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. 

P. crusgalliB =EKchinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. The long-awned form. 
6. P. dissectum =Paspalum dissectum L. 
7. P. dimidiatum =Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn. 
8. P. sanguinale =Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac. 
9. P. filiforme =Syntherisma filiformis (L.) Nash. 

10. P. compositum=O plismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. 


@ Aorost: pl.Z: 22. i. VA: 

DL. Sp. Pl. 55. 1753. 

¢ Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 37. 1862. 

d Zeitschr. Naturwiss. 79: 39. 1907. 

e Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. 

Syst. Veg. 1: 303. 1825. 

g For a further discussion of the Linnzean species based upon American plants, see 
Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 114. 1908. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. ie 


PANICULATA. 
11. P. dichotomum. 
12. P. clandestinum. 
13. P. capillare. - 
14. P. patens. 
15. P.dactylon | =Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze. 
16. P. miliaceum. 
17. P. latifolium. 
18. P. brevifolium. 
19. P. arborescens 4=P. brevifolium L. 
20. P. virgatum. 


THE TYPE OF PANICUM. 


As stated above, the historic type species of Panicum. is Chaetochloa 
italica, the common foxtail millet. This is the plant to which the 
name Panicum was universally applied by Latin writers as far back 
as our record extends. As the idea of genera developed, botanists, 
until the time of Tournefort, included under the general name Pan- 
icum other species with a similar inflorescence. This author included 
several rather diverse species, but the one which he chose for his 
illustration and which we may consider his type was the same well- 
known plant, the Panicum of the ancients (Chaetochloa italica). 

Another ancient name, Milium, was applied to a widely cultivated 
cereal (Panicum miliaceum), and later, as the idea of genera grew, the 
name was made to include the sorghums, and was thus used by 
Tournefort,’ who, however, figured P. maliaceum as his type species. 

Linneus at first accepted these two genera in the historic sense, 
and the type of his Panicum, since he referred to Scheuchzer, was the 
plant now called Chaetochloa viridis. Later, however, his ideas under- 
went a change, until finally in 1753 he had united under the generic 
name Panicum the twenty species mentioned above, including, as 
will be seen, not only the historic type of Panicum and its allies, and 
another common species (Echinochloa crusgalli) referred to Panicum 
by Tournefort ® and other pre-Linnzan botanists, but also several 
new species, and, most noteworthy of all, Panicum miliaceum, the 
type of the old genus Milium. He, however, still retained the name 
Milium for another genus (including MV. effusum and WM. confertum). 
Since no generic descriptions are given in the Species Plantarum, it is 
necessary to consult the first succeeding edition of the Genera Plan- 
tarum, namely the fifth, published in 1754. In this place Linneus 
still credits the genus Milium to ‘‘Tournef. 298,”’ though he has 


a Trimen (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 155. 1888.) states that this species, as de- 
scribed in Linnzeus’s Flora Zeylanica, upon which is based P. arborescens L.., is P. 
ovalifolium Poir. (P. brevifolium L.), and that the specimen in the Linnzean Herba- 
rium belongsto the same species. Mixed with the above-mentioned herbarium speci- 
men is a fragment of an Arundinaria, which probably accounts for the specific name 
and the reference to its lofty stature. 

b Inst. Rei Herb. 54. pl. 298. f. L. 1700. 


14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


placed the species represented by the plate 298 under Panicum, and 
the other Tournefortian~species of Milium under Holcus. But he 
has made one important alteration in the description, a comparison 
of which with the first edition shows the two to be identical except as 
to the statement concerning the calyx or glumes. In the first edition 
the diagnosis reads, ‘‘Gluma uniflora, trivalvis: Valvulis ovatis, acu- 
minatis, duabus interioribus oppositis, tertia a tergo alterius posita;”’ 
in the fifth, ‘‘Gluma uniflora, bivalvis: Valvulis ovatis, acuminatis.”’ 
By the change of trivalvis to bwalvis he has transferred the generic 
idea of Milium from Panicum miliaceum to Milium effusum. 

It is now necessary to decide upon the type species of Panicum as 
presented in the Species Plantarum. There is nothing in this work 
to indicate which species Linnzus considered the type of the genus, 
but by taking into consideration the description of Panicum as given 
in the fifth edition of the Genera Plantarum we arrive at a partial 
interpretation of his ideas. In the latter work he describes the calyx 
(glumes and sterile lemma) and corolla (fertile lemma and palea) as 
follows: ‘‘Cal. Gluma uniflora, trivalvis: Valvulis ovato-acuminatis: 
tertia minima a tergo alterius posita. Cor. bivalvis: Valvulae ovato- 
acuminataé: altera minor planior.’’ The description of the other 
parts has no significance, but at the end is a note which throws much 
light on the question under consideration. It reads: ‘‘Obs. Aristae 
terminant in quibusdam corollae valvulam planiorem. Species datur 
involucro polyphyllo capillari instructa.” It is evident from this 
note that Linnzus did not consider as typical those species with awns 
or with an involucre, though he admitted them as exceptional. As 
awned species he had in mind particularly Panicum crusgallr, an old 
and well-known species illustrated by Scheuchzer; and as involucrate 
species he referred especially to his Panicum glaucum and P. italicum. 

In accordance with the recent American Code of Botanical Nomen- 
clature @ the type is chosen, in the absence of other indications, by an 
application of Canon 15, section d, which reads: ‘‘Where economic or 
indigenous species are included in the same genus with foreign species, 
the type is to be selected from (1) the economic species or (2) those 
indigenous from the standpoint of the author of the genus.’’ The 
only important economic species described by Linnzus are Panicum 
americanum, P. rtalicum, and P. miliaceum, to which might be added, 
as of much less importance, P.dactylon. It seems evident then, that, 
since Linneus did not consider as typical those species having an 
involucre, the type is the remaining important economic species, 
namely, Panicum miliaceum. 

It is unfortunate that Linnzeus and succeeding botanists did not 
retain Panicum and Milium for the groups containing the historic 
types; and especially unfortunate that Beauvois did not retain the 


¢ Bull. Torrey Club 34: 172. 1907. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. iS 


name Panicum for the group which he segregated as Setaria, and 
restore the name Milium for the group which he called Panicum. But 
since botanists have for one hundred and fifty years almost unani- 
mously accepted the nomenclatorial idea of retaining the name 
Panicum for the group containing P. miliaceum, it would be unwise to ~ 
alter the application of the names Panicum and Milrum unless it 
becomes the consensus of botanical opinion that all generic names 
shall be based upon historic types. Aside from the nomenclatorial 
confusion arising from such a series of changes, we fear that the diffi- 
culties and uncertainties encountered in an attempt to establish a 
stable nomenclature on such a basis would be much greater than those 
that have arisen in applying the generic names in accordance with the 
American Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which arbitrarily fixes 
1753 as the date from which priority shall be reckoned and allows the 
type of Linnean genera to be selected from economic species. 


HISTORY OF PANICUM AFTER 1758. 


The second edition of Linnzus’s Species Plantarum contains 
twenty-eight species of Panicum, including all except two of the origi- 
nal twenty. Panicum dissectum was removed to Paspalum, estab- 
lished by Linnzus in 1759, and Panicum americanum was transferred to 
Holcus as H. spicatus. In 1772 Panicum sanguinale was separated 
by Scopoli as Digitaria sanguinalis, and in the course of a few years 
other species of the first group, Spicata, were separated from Panicum 
and assigned to the genera Setaria, Echinochloa, Oplismenus, and 
others. Panicum dactylon was included by Linneus in his second | 
croup, Paniculata, though the inflorescence is spicate as he himself 
describes, ‘‘Panicum spicis digitatis patentibus.’’ This species was 
soon made the type of a new genus, Capriola Adans., and, later, of 
Cynodon Rich. Later authors have almost universally retained the 
name Panicum for the paniculate species, and often have included 
as sections Echinochloa and Digitaria. 

Miller? reverts to the original use of the generic names Milium 
and Panicum, the former including, among other species, M. panicum 
(Panicum miliaceum L.) and I. effusum L., and the latter including 
P. germanium, P. italicum, and three kinds of pearl millet (Pen- 
nisetum). Moench? and Adanson®¢ also use Milium and Panicum 
in the pre-Linnzan sense, the former being credited to Tournefort 
(based on Panicum miliaceum L.) and the latter by Moench to 
Gaertner (who figures Chaetochloa glauca), and by Adanson to Plinius 
(who describes Chaetochloa italica). 


a Gard. Dict. 1768. > Meth. Pl. 1794. c Fam. Pl. 1763. 


16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
GENERA HERE EXCLUDED. 


The genus Panicum as accepted by Dalla Torre and Harms? includes 
a number of groups which in our treatment have been excluded. Of 
the twelve sections into which Panicum is there divided, the first 
eleven belong to allied genera, as do Streptostachys and Otachyrium 
of the twelfth section. Coleataenia Griseb. from South America, 
included in the twelfth section, is a true Panicum. 

In addition to the groups mentioned above, several species referred 
by many authors to Kupanicum have been excluded. 

Sacciolepis Nash® has been discussed by Chase.¢ This genus has 
been confused with Hymenachne Beauv. on account of the similarity 
in the form of the inflorescence, which is usually a spike-like panicle. 
The genus is chiefly distinguished by the saccate second glume and 
stipitate fruit. | 

Lasiacis (Griseb.) Hitche. (Panicum, section Lasiacis Griseb.),¢ 
includes the woody, bamboo-like species with globose spikelets hay- 
ing a bony-indurated fruit, with a downy tuft at the apex, the palea 
gibbous above and concave toward the base. The type of this genus 
is Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche., based on Panicum divaricatum 
L., the type of Grisebach’s section. 

Panmcum uncinatum Raddié is here excluded from Panicum 
' because of the distinctly different spikelets placed with the back of 
the fruit turned from the rachis, the narrow, aristate first glume as 
long as the spikelet, the large boat-shaped second glume beset with 
divergent, uncinate’ spines, the sterile floret large and having a 
subindurated lemma and palea, the fertile floret about two-thirds as 
large as the sterile one, the margin of the lemma not inrolled—a com- 
bination of characters showing a closer approach to Echinolaena than 
to Panicum. 

Panicum aturense H. B. K./ is also here excluded, differing from 
Panicum as here limited in having equal glumes exceeding the sub- 
hyaline sterile lemma and a scarcely indurated fruit, the margins of 
the lemma thin and flat. 

Panicum tuerckheimii Hack.,9 of which we have seen but a single 
specimen (Tuerckheim’s no. 8618, a duplicate type), is an anomalous 
species with spikelets in which the first glume is wholly wanting, and 
in which no rudiment of a palea is found in the sterile lemma. 

The genus Lasiacis and the other species here excluded from 
Panicum will be separately considered in a subsequent paper. 


a.Gen. Siphonog. 13. 1900. é Agrost. Bras. 41. 1823. 

6 Britton, Man. 89. 1901. f Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:103. pl. 33.1815. 
¢ Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 6.1908. g Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 60. 1906. 

ad Fl. Brit. W. Ind, 551. 1864. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. RE 
GROUPING OF THE SPECIES. 


The genus Panicum, as here limited, contains two groups sufficiently 
well marked to warrant their segregation as subgenera, namely, 
Paurochaetium and Dichanthelium. Nearly all the remaining species’ 
group themselves around the central idea of the genus as typified by 
P. miliaceum. In order to avoid assigning to the main portion of the 
genus a name of formal nomenclatorial significance, such as Kupan- 
icum, this group is called true Panicum. There are five outlying 
species which show no close relationships with the others, but are not 
sufficiently distinct to be assigned generic rank. These are placed in 
a final group under “Miscellaneous Species.” It is probable that a 
further study of the species in other parts of the world will indicate 
that at least some of these species may, together with extra North 
American allies, be placed in definite subgenera. 

The group true Panicum and the subgenus Dichanthelium are 
susceptible of further division into minor groups, the names of which 
are the plurals of the characteristic species of each group. These 
names are not intended to be formal and should have no nomencla- 
torial standing. The term Angustifolia is used as if we were to say, 
P. angustifolium and its allies. A few tropical species of true Pani- 
cum remain ungrouped, as they have no near allies in North America, 
and there is no advantage in making a group for each species. 

The groups of these two main divisions are arranged to represent 
our judgment as to their relationship, so far as this can be done in a 
lineal sequence. In true Panicum the first group, the Geminata, is 
furthest removed from the typical species, the inflorescence resem- 
bling that of Paspalum. The Capillaria, Diffusa, and Virgata, typical 
groups, are near the center of the series. In the same way, the 
Depauperata are an outlying group of Dichanthelium, the typical 
groups being the Dichotoma and Lanuginosa. 

The species of each group are also arranged to represent their 
affinities, but it is impossible to indicate the difference in the degree 
of relationship. Some of the groups are manifestly more homoge- 
neous than others. The group Geminata, for example, includes two 
closely allied species, P. geminatum and P. paludivagum, and one, 
P. barbinode, in which the affinity is less evident. The latter species 
is placed in the same group as the other two partly as a matter of 
convenience. If there were several other species more closely allied 
to this than to P. geminatum it would have been more convenient to 
segregate these as a separate group. One more example will suffice 
to illustrate the unequal value of the groups. Panicum reptans is 
placed in the group Fasciculata because it is more closely allied to the 
other species of that group than to those of any other group, yet the 


41616°—vo1 15—10——2 


18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


degree of difference between this and any other species of the group 
is much greater than that between such species as P. fasciculatum, 
P. arzomcum, and P. adspersum. But other groups, such as the 
Lanuginosa, are made up of closely allied species, connected with one 
another by intergrades, to form a composite taxonomic network whose 
component parts cannot be definitely distinguished by clean-cut 
lines of demarcation. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS AND SPECIES. 


PANICUM L. 


Panicum L. Sp. Pl. 55. 1758. 

Steinchisma Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 220. 1830.4 

Phanopyrum (Raf.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 104. 1903.6 

Spikelets articulated below the glumes, falling entire, more or less compressed 
dorsoventrally, arranged in panicles, rarely in racemes; glumes two, herbaceous, 
nerved, usually very unequal, the first often minute, the second typically equaling 
the sterile lemma, the latter of the same texture and simulating a third glume, bearing 
in its axila membranaceous or hyaline palea and sometimes a staminate flower, the . 
palea rarely wanting; fertile lemma chartaceous-indurated, typically obtuse, the nerves 
obsolete, the margins inrolled over an inclosed palea of the same texture, a lunate 
line of thinner texture at the back just above the base, the radicle protruding through 
this at germination; stamens three, styles two, stigmas plumose; grain dorsoventrally 

‘compressed, with a punctiform hilum, free within the firmly closed lemma and palea. 

Annual or perennial herbaceous grasses, of various habit, confined to the warmer 
regions of both hemispheres. 

A number of species here included in the genus Panicum depart in some measure 
from these generic characters. Thesubgenus Paurochaetium approaches Chaetochloa 
Scribn. and the group hitherto referred to Panicum section Ptychophyllum A. Br., in 
that the uppermost spikelet of each branchlet is subtended by a bristle-like prolonga- 
tion of the axis. Panicum geminatum Forsk. and P. paludivagum Hitche. & Chase 
have a racemose inflorescence as in Brachiaria Griseb., but the spikelets are placed 
with the back of the fruit turned toward the rachis as in true Panicum, not in the 
reverse position asin Brachiaria. In P. barbinode Trin., P. arizonicum Scribn. & Merr., 
and P. texanum Buckl. spikelets toward the ends of the branches are often placed in 
the reverse position characteristic of Brachiaria, while others on the same branch are 
placed with the back of the fruit toward the axis, showing that in an inflorescence 
not strictly racemose this character of the position of the spikelets in relation to the 
axis is not of taxonomic significance, since it depends on whether one or the other of a 
pair of spikelets on a one-flowzred branchlet has been developed. Hence this charac- 
ter, while distinguishing between Paspalum L. on the one hand and Axonopus Beauv. 
and Brachiaria Griseb. on the other, does not alone clearly separate the latter from 
Panicum, but must be taken in connection with the strictly racemose inflorescence. 
In Panicum elephantipes Nees the thin but not hyaline margins of the acuminate lemma 
are not inrolled above the middle, the fruit thus suggesting an approach to Valota 
Adans., but in texture it is not cartilaginous and papillose as in that genus nor does 
P. elephantipes approach Valota in habit or inflorescence. In the Verrucosa and the 
related Trichoidia the firm-margined lemmas are not inrolled except at the base. 


a See discussion under P. hians, p. 118. 
6 See discussion under P. gymnocarpon, p. 327. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 19 


The first glume in this genus is typically not more than half the length of the spikelet, 
and is commonly much shorter than this, but in a few species, as in P. glutinosum 
Swartz, P. urvilleanum Kunth, and in most of those included under ‘‘ Miscellaneous 
Species’ the first glume is nearly as long as the second. All the outlying species at the 
end, nos. 192 to 196, depart in some particular from typical Panicum, such departure’ 
being discussed under each species. 


KEY TO SPECIES AND GROUPS. 


Axis of branchlets extending beyond the base of the upper- 
most spikelet as a point or bristle 1 to 6 mm. 
TLE 2. Sse ge eee ee See subgenus PAUROCHAETIUM, 
_ Pp. 22. 
Axis of branchlets not extending into a bristle. (In P. gemi- 
natum and P. paludivagum the somewhat flattened axis 
pointed but not bristle-form.) 
Plants annual. 
Inflorescence consisting of several more or less secund 
spike-like racemes. 
Fruit smooth and shining; spikelets about 1.5 mm. 
long. 
Rachis bearing slender bristles (these wanting in 
exceptional specimens); nodes usually villous.. 59. 2. pilosum. 


Rachis without bristles; nodes glabrous. ..-.......-- 60. P. laxum. 
Fruit transversely rugose; spikelets 2 mm. or more 
LIDS ao as deinte S SSRE GE eR Eee a see See FASCICULATA, 
p. 30. 


Inflorescence a more or less diffuse panicle. 


pueeetees utbereWlates 6283652 coats Sool deo eek bee. VERRUCOSA, 


p: 126. 
Spikelets not tuberculate. 
- Spikelets 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long; tropical species ~...... pee | PRICHOIDIA, 
p. 129. 


Spikelets 1.7 mm. or more long. 
Glumes and sterile lemma hispid along the mar- 
EES SR atte ae Ca ne RE RL eR RL TT .. 76. P. costaricense. 
Glumes and sterile lemma glabrous. 
First glume not over one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet, truncate or triangular-tipped.....See DicHOTOMIFLORA, ° 
D4 
First glume usually as much as one-half the 
length of the spikelet, acute or acuminate..See CAPILLARIA, 
p. 04. 


Plants perennial. 
Spikelets short-pediceled along one side of the rachises, 
forming spike-like racemes. 
First glume nearly equaling the sterile lemma. 
Racemes spreading; fruit not over one-third the 
lene oitee spikelet. 2... 0... fs desecsh ose ee 196. P. gymnocarpon. 


P.. ciliatissimum. 


20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Racemes appressed; fruit nearly as long as the 
spikelet. 
Spikelets silky-villous, pointed..................- 194. 
Spikeletsi¢labrous,/obttisesc-.35--4--- 4. eee 192. 


First glume much shorter than the sterile lemma. 
Spikelets hispid and with two crateriform glands on 
the sterile lemma. 
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long; blades not over 


Aiem longest) Syat, Daren ee 2a i Pane me nee 66. 
Spikelets 3.6 mm. long; blades 4 to 10 cm. long.. 67. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; glumes © 


strongly carinate; spikelets 2.3 to 2.8 mm. 
long; tropical species. 

Blades not over 5 cm., usually 2 to 3 cm. long; 
second glume rather blunt and shorter than 
the. sterile lemma. 0) a Ae eee 

Blades 5 to 11 cm. long; second glume acute, but 
slightly shorter than the sterile lemma. -. .. 

Blades linear, often elongated; glumes not carinate 
or but slightly so. 

Spikelets not over 1.5 mm. long. 

Spikelets pointed, not expanded at maturity 
by an enlarged sterile palea...-....---.- 58. 
Spikelets blunt, expanded at maturity by the 
enlarged sterile palea. 
Rachis bearing slender bristles (these want- 
ing in exceptional specimens); nodes 


64. 


65. 


USWA val lous; 4s tess eee ne Cee ee 59. 
Rachis without bristles; nodes glabrous. ... 60. 
Spikelets 2.5 mm. or more long. 
JASXAS OMIOS E055 ae foie ate tole) ae 57. 
Axis not pilose. 
Bruit, transversely rugoses =. 2G.) see see See 


Bruit Hot Truseses 40. che ee eee 193: 
Spikelets in open or sometimes in contracted or congested 
panicles, but not in spike-like racemes. 

Basal leaves usually distinctly different from those of 
the culm, forming a winter rosette; culms at first 
simple, the spikelets of the primary panicle not per- 
fecting seed, later usually becoming much 
branched, the small secondary panicles with cleis- 
togamous, fruitful spikelets..........-. See. subgenus 


Basal leaves similar to culm leaves, not forming a winter 
rosette; spikelets all fertile. 
rut transversely mucose: 12a. e2 tee oe eee eee See 
Fruit not transversely rugose (minutely papillose- 
roughened in P. millegrana). 


P. obtusum. 


P. pulchellum. 
P. biglandulare. 


P. stoloniferum. 


P. frondescens. 


P. polygonatum. 
: 


P. pilosum. 
P.donum: 


P. longum. 


GEMINATA, p. 30. 
P. hemitomon. 


DICHANTHE- 
LIuM, p. 142. 


Maxima, p. 78. 


HITCHCOCK AND. CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 21 


First glume very small, not over one-fourth the 
length of the small, obovate, blunt spike- 
let; tropical species. (See also P. repens with 
Pointed spuselets eos.) li... ss SS ee See 


First glume as much as one-third the length of the 
spikelet (shorter in P. repens). 
Spikelets pubescent. 
Fruit stIky-villous; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long, 
roller cVs2) ivy Sip [o\0 (seem ae ra Sc ge a a 10: 
Fruit smooth and shining; spikelets not over 
3.5 mm. long. 
Culms and sheaths glabrous or softly pubes- 


cent; blades ovate-lanceolate.........- 78. 
Culms and sheaths densely harshly villous; 
placedMineate sk Fs 2h RS tee ae. 3 80. 


Spikelets glabrous. 

Sterile palea enlarged and indurated at ma- 
turity, expanding the spikelet; blades 
scarcely wider than their sheaths. 

Spikelets 3 mm. long, congested; panicles 
econ kano teres Se eis 2's aos 2 63. 
Spikelets not over 2.4 mm. long; panicles 
green or pale. 
Panicle branches spikelet or branchlet- 
bearing along the upper half or toward 
Ene: ends omlysiies eee ots 650252... 2 62. 
Panicle branches’ branchlet - bearing 


throughout their length or nearly so. 61. 


Sterile palea, if present, not enlarged ard 
indurated. 
Plants forming conspicuous creeping, scaly 
rootstocks. 

Spikelets long - pediceled, not secund, 
arranged in open or contracted 
pamtueles) 2 5-8 fe eae te GIN See 

Spikelets short-pediceled, more or less se- 
cund along the nearly simple panicle 
branches. 

Panicles open; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 
mm. long (shorter in exceptional 


BPECHMICIS) stem wee ek & athe 55. 


Panicles more or less contracted; spike- 
lets not over 2.8 mm. long......... 56. 

Plants not forming creeping, scaly rootstocks. 

Fruit crested at the apex; spikelets 5.5 to 


6 mm. long; tropical species.......... 195. 


Fruit not crested. 


PARVIGLUMIA, 
p. 124. 


P. urvilleanum. 


P. millegrana. 


P. rudget. 


P. cupreum. 


P. hans. 


P. exiguiflorum. 


Vir@atTA, p. 84. 


P. anceps. 


P. rhizomatum. 


P. zizanioides. 


+ 


22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicles narrow and few-flowered; culms 
erect and wiry; blades drying in- 
VOIUIEO ee 2) Se cae Pera ec oe eat See TENERA, p. 97. 
Panicles open or contracted, many- 
flowered. 
Panicles 40 to 60 cm. long, the numer- 
ous elongated branches in verticils; 
tropical species. t 422. eaaee 81. P. megiston. 
Panicles mostly much less than 40 cm. 
long; branches not verticillate. 
Spikelets short-pediceled along the 
nearly simple panicle branches.See AGROSTOIDIA, 
p- 99. 
Spikelets long -pediceled; panicle 
open (dense in P. hirsutum). 
Spikelets viscid; first glume about 
as long as thesecond; tropical 
ppectes.... sca ee eee 79. P. glutinosum. 
Spikelets not viscid; first glume 
much shorter than the second. 
Culms erect or rarely spreading; 
bladeS linear, usually elon- 
gated; spikelets pointed..See Durrusa, p. 71. 
Culms decumbent at base; 
blades ovate to oblong-lan- 
ceolate; spikelets blunt; 
tropical species. 
Panicles mostly less than 5 
cm. long; plantsglaucous. 77. P. parvifolium. 
Panicles 10 to 20 cm. long; 
plants not glaucous....-. 78. P. millegrana, 


Subgenus PAUROCHAETIUM subgen. nov. 


Perennials; culms tufted, erect, blades not over 7 mm. wide; inflorescence narrow, 
more or less interrupted, the branches short and appressed, the ultimate branchlets 
bearing 1 to several spikelets, produced beyond the uppermost spikelet as a bristle 1 to 
6 mm. long; spikelets 1.5 to 3.5 mm. long, much swollen on the face, glabrous; fruit 
transversely rugose, apiculate. 

The type species is P. distantiflorum Michx. 

This group approaches Chaetochloa in having branchlets produced into bristles, and 
in the shape of the spikelets and rugose fruits. 


Blades elongated, usually more than 15 cm. long, narrowed 
toward the base. 
Spikelets about’ 3:o;mm. lone... a Secs* Soe aaes see 5. LP. reverchoni. 
Spikelets about 2 mm. long, or less. 
First glume rounded or truncate; second glume about 
as lone asuitultsahactoe oc oe eee ee ee 3. P. chapmani. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 23 


re First glume acutey second glume about two-thirds as 
9/ long as fruit. 
Spikelets 1.5 mm. long; blades involute........ 1. P. distantiflorum. 


Spikelets 2 mm. long; blades scarcely involute.. 2. P. wtowanaeum. 
Blades usually less than 10 cm. long, not narrowed toward the 
base; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 
Blades of mid-culm long-acuminate, usually 2 to 3 mm. 


Rae eee) Jee te hans SPN Ue. ODS Ce SSA 4, P.ramisetum. 
Blades of mid-culm abruptly acute, usually 4 to 6 mm. 
BRR POAC SS SN Is 2s oe a Fame Ga 6. P. firmulum. 


1. Panicum distantiflorum Rich. 


Panicum distantiflorum Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 304. 1850. ‘‘Crescit in 
graminosis montosis insulae Cubae.’’ The type in the Paris Herbarium is labeled 
“in montosis ins. Cubae,’’ and was received from Sagra. In the same herbarium is a 
specimen of Panicum megiston Schult., from Cayenne, which bears a slip with the 
name ‘‘Panicum distantiflorum,”’ accompanied by a diagnosis and drawings of spike- 
lets. The diagnosis and drawings apply to the Cuban specimen and not to the very 
different Cayenne specimen. It would appear that the drawings had been attached 
to the wrong sheet, 

DESCRIPTION. 


Plants cespitose, glabrous; culms 60 to 80 cm. high, slender, wiry, compressed, pro- 
ducing slender, sometimes fascicled branches from all the nodes; sheaths longer than 
the internodes, but narrow and sheathing the joints only at 
the base, flattened, a minute tuft of hairs on the auricles; 
ligule a ring of very short hairs; blades erect, firm, narrower 
than the summit of the sheath, linear to almost capillary, as 
much as 30 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, mostly strongly invo- 
lute, at least the lower commonly more or less curled, usually 
with a few hairs at the base; panicles numerous, 2 to 7 cm. 
long, very narrow, the branches appressed, scarcely overlap- riod eh dtanipanr 
ping, the lower 8 to 15 mm. long, the branchlets bearing 1 to Wom type specimen! 

3 subsessile spikelets, the setiform prolongation of the axis 

rarely equaling the spikelet, usually not more than 1 mm. long; spikelets 1.5 mm. 
long, 0.7 mm. wide, ellipsoid, acute, glabrous; first glume about half as long as the 
spikelet, acute, strongly 5-nerved; second glume obtuse, two-thirds to three-fourths 
as long as the fruit and the strongly 7-nerved, acute, sterile lemma; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 
0.6 mm. wide, elliptic, pointed, finely rugose. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open rocky soil, Bahamas and Cuba; apparently rare. 
- BanAmAs: Inagua, Hitchcock in 1890, Nash & Taylor 893 (both in Field Mus. 
Herb.). 
Cusa: Playa de Cojimar, near Habana, Hitchcock 144; Colombia near Habana, 
Leén 305b, 567; Santiago de Cuba, Leon 912, 917; Playa de Marianao, Ledn 
in 1909. 


24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
2. Panicum utowanaeum Scribn. 


Panicum utowanaeum Scribn. in Millsp. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. 2: 25. 1900. 
‘No. 702 [Millspaugh Plant. Utowan.], from a dry hillside near Guanica, Porto Rico, 
Jan. 22,1899. Type in Field Col. Mus. Herb. No. 60702.’’ In this specimen the root- 
stock is scarcely visible, but in the duplicate in the National Herbarium the slender 
rootstock is shown. 

Panicum sintenisti Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 80: 382. 1903. ‘‘In woods, Guanica, 
Sintenis 3463.’ The type, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, is 
labeled ‘‘Guanica, in sylva ad Cerro de la Ensenada, Porto Rico. Sintenis 3463, Jan. 
28, 1886.’’ The specimen shows only a trace of the slender rootstock. ) 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants tufted from the joints of short, slender rootstocks, glabrous; culms ascend- 
ing or somewhat spreading, 25 to 60 cm. high, slender, compressed, sparingly 
branching; sheaths shorter than the internodes, compressed, especially the lower- 
most, ciliate at the auriculate summit; ligule a minute ring of stiff hairs; blades erect 
or spreading above, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, slightly scabrous on the margin 

(sometimes sparsely pilose on the upper surface at the base), 

narrowed and more or less involute at the base and much nar- 
_ rower than the sheath; panicles 3 to 10 cm. long, very slender, 

the scattered, erect branches 1 to 3 cm. long, the bristle usu- 
ally equaling or exceeding the spikelet; spikelets subsessile, 

2 to 2.1 mm. long, 0.6 to 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, somewhat 

beaked at the summit, glabrous, pale with green nerves; first 

glume half as long as the spikelet, acute, 3-nerved; second 

elume two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the fruit, 3 to 5- 

nerved, sterile lemma 5-nerved, abruptly pointed; fruit 1.9 


Fic. 2.—P. utowanaeum. y dew ; ; 
From type specimen. mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely rugose; slightly 


beaked at the acute apex. 

This species is closely allied to P. distantiflorum, but may be distinguished from it 
by the wider, flat or scarcely involute blades and larger, pale, less strongly nerved 
spikelets. The rootstock is very slender and so easily broken off in collecting that 
only about half the specimens cited below show it. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open rocky soil, mostly near the coast, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Guadeloupe. 


Cusa: Triscornia, near Habana, Hitchcock 141, Tracy 9089; without locality, 
Wright 3452 (Gray Herb.). 

Porro Rico: Guanica, Millspaugh Pl. Utow. 702, Sintenis 3365, 3416, 3463 (N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

LEEWARD Istanps: Guadeloupe, Duss 3177. 


3. Panicum chapmani Vasey. 


Panicum chapmani Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 61. 1884. No locality nor speci- 
men is cited, but the author says: ‘‘This is the Panicum tenuiculmum of Chapman’s 
Flora, but is not the P. tenuiculmum of Meyer.’’ A specimen in the National Herba- 
rium from the Chapman Herbarium labeled ‘‘ Panicum tenuiculmum §. Fl. 8. Florida” 
in Chapman’s hand, and ‘‘Panicum Chapmani Vasey,”’ in Vasey’s hand, is chosen as 
the type. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 25 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants cespitose, glibrous; culms ascending or spreading, 40 cm. to 1 meter high, 
slender, compressed, wiry, sparingly branching; sheaths about as long as the inter- 
nodes, compressed, pubescent at the scarcely au- 
riculate summit, sometimes ciliate on the margin; © 
ligule a ring of very short hairs; blades erect, 
rather firm, linear, 15 to 40 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide, acuminate, narrowed to the base, more or 
less involute when dry, scabrous on the margin 
and upper surface, the latter usually sparsely pilose 
toward the base; panicles elongated, sometimes 
as much as 30 cm. long, of remote, appressed, 
raceme-like branches bearing few to several sub- 
Fic.3.—P. chapmani. Fromtype sessile, somewhat crowded spikelets, the setiform 

oat prolongation of the axis 3 to 6 mm. long; spikelets 
2 to 2.2 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide, obovate, abruptly pointed, turgid, pale green 
or yellowish; first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, obtuse or 
truncate, 3-nerved; second glume ' 
slightly shorter than the fruit and 
sterile lemma, strongly 5 to 7-nerved, 
obscurely reticulated; fruit 1.8 mm. 
long, 1 to 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
abruptly acute, minutely rugose, the 
margins of the lemma inrolled only at 
base. 

As observed on Key Largo the 
blades in this species are flat on plants 
growing in shaded situations and in- 
volute on plants in the sun. The 
flat blades become more or less involute in drying. 


Fig. 4.—Distribution of P. chapmani. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Coral sand and shell mounds, southern Florida and the Bahamas. 

Fioripa: Marco, Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 487; Cape Sable, Simpson 157; Key 
Largo, Chase 3926, Curtiss 5457; Little Pine Key, Curtiss 3607; Key West, 
Garber in 1877; ‘‘Shores of Manettee River,’’2 Rugel 394; without locality, 
Blodgett, Chapman. 

BaHAMAS: New Providence, Britton & Brace 401; Rose Island, Britton & Mills- 
paugh 2137; Great Exuma, Britton & Millspaugh 3076 (all in Field Mus. 


Herb.). 
4. Panicum ramisetum Scribn. 


Panicum subspicatum Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 25. 1889, not Desv. 
1831. ‘‘Texas (Buckley, Nealley).’’ Both specimens cited by Vasey are in the 
National Herbarium. The second of these has been chosen as the type for the following 
reasons: The first specimen cited, S. B. Buckley in 1881, does not bear the specific 
name in Vasey’s hand, and furthermore is a mixture of P. ramisetum and P. reverchoni; 
the second specimen, collected in Texas by G. C. Nealley in 1887, bears the specific 
name, ‘‘subspicatum V.’’ in Vasey’s hand. Another Nealley specimen bears the 
name in Vasey’s hand, but was collected in 1892, after the publication of the species. 

Panicum ramisetum Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27:9. 1900. Based 
on Panicum subspicatum Vasey, not Desv. 


a This locality, if meant for Manatee River, is probably an error. 


26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants pale green, tufted, from short horizontal rootstocks; culms erect or ascending, 
25 to 60 cm. high, commonly branching at the base and lower nodes, scabrous at least 
below the nodes; sheaths nearly as long as the 
internodes or the lower overlapping, not com- 
pressed, sparingly papillose-pilose, especially 
along the margins and at the summit; ligule 
about 1 mm. long, with longer hairs at the sides; 
blades rather firm, erect or ascending, 5 to 12 cm. 
long, the lower shorter and more spreading, 2 to 
4 mm. wide, tapering to an involute tip, not 
narrowed at base, but about as broad as the 
sheath, sparsely papillose-pilose on both sur- 
faces, at least toward the base; sometimes 
sparsely ciliate; panicles very slender, 5 to 20 
cm. long, not conspicuously interrupted, their 
branches erect, the ultimate branchlets of 1 to 4 subsessile spikelets, the setiform 
prolongation of the axis usually not exceeding the short-pediceled spikelet; 
spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long, 1.4 to 1.5 mm. wide, obovate, subacute, turgid, 
plano-convex; first glume clasping, 
about half the length of the spikelet, 
subacute or acute, 5-nerved; second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, 
scarcely covering the fruit at matu- 
rity, strongly 7 to 9-nerved; fruit 2.2 
to 2.3 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, ellip- 
tic, acute. 


Fic. 5.—P. ramisetum. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy plains and prairies, southern 
Texas and northern Mexico. 
Texas: Big Springs, Tracy 7958, 8229; Kingsville, Tracy 8879; Encinal, Griffiths 
6380; Laredo, Nealley in 1891, Pringle 2377, Sauwvignet in 1891; Eagle Pass, 
Havard 98; San Diego, Nealley 62, Smith in 1897; without locality, Buckley 
in 1881, Nealley in 1887, 1888, 1889, and 1892. 
Mexico: State of Coahuila, near Diaz, Pringle 8323. 


Fig. 6.—Distribution of P. ramisetum. 


5. Panicum reverchoni Vasey. 


Panicum reverchon Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 25. 1889. ‘‘Texas 
(Reverchon).’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, was collected by J. Rever- 
chon, near Dallas, Texas, and distributed in ‘‘Curtiss, North American Plants No. I,”’ 
as Setaria uniseta Fourn. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Plants tufted from short rootstocks, branching at the base; culms stiffly erect, 30 to 
70 cm. high, simple or occasionally bearing one or two sterile branches, slender, sub- 
compressed, glabrous or the lower internodes strigose, the nodes appressed-pubescent; 
sheaths mostly longer than the internodes, ciliate on the margin toward the summit, 
otherwise glabrous, often slightly scabrous, or the lowermost sometimes sparsely 
strigose; ligule about 0.3 mm. long; blades erect, stiff, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to3 mm. wide, 
flat or involute toward the apex and base (the blades of the basal shoots commonly 
involute-setaceous), scabrous on both surfaces, especially the upper, at the base nar- 
rower than the sheath, the lower commonly disarticulating at this point; panicles 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. OT 


long-exserted, very slender, 5 to 20 cm. long, the branches scattered, short, erect, the 
branchlets bearing 1 or 2 subsessile 
spikelets, the setiform prolongation 
of the axis mostly equaling or ex- 
ceeding the spikelet; spikelets 3.5 
to 3.8 mm. long, 1.8 to 2mm. wide, © 
elliptic, turgid, abruptly pointed; 
first glume about half the length 
of the spikelet, subacute, strongly 
5 to 7-nerved; second glume and 
sterile lemma _ scarcely equaling 
the fruit, strongly 5 to 7-nerved; 
fruit 3.1 to 3.3 mm. long, 1.8 to 
1.9 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely 
pointed, obscurely transversely ru- 
gose. 

This species differs from P. rami- 
setum in having longer, narrower 
blades, narrower at the base than 
the summit of the sheath, and larger spikelets, commonly but one to a branchlet, 
hence most of the spikelets subtended by a bristle. 


Fig. 7.—P. reverchoni. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Rocky or sandy prairies and lime- 
stone hills, Texas. 

Texas: Dallas, Bebb 1321, Bush 
674, Reverchon 1096, in Cur- 
tiss N. Amer. Pl. 3618*, L; 
Abilene, Tracy 7940; Colo- 
rado, Tracy 7939; Weather- 
ford, Tracy 7948; Kerrville, 
Heller 1603; Gillespie County, 
Jermy 39; Bexar County, Fig. 8.—Distribution of P. reverchoni. 

_ Jermy 233, 234; San Antonio, 
Jermy; southwest Texas, Nealley in 1890; without locality, Wright 792. 


6. Panicum firmulum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. ; 

Plants light olive green, rather loosely tufted, ascending or decumbent at base, 
from creeping knotted rootstocks as 
much as 5 cm. long; culms 30 to 
40 cm. high, simple or with a few 
appressed branches, glabrous, the 
nodes glabrous or strigose; sheaths 
overlapping, striate, papillose-pubes- 
cent, papillose only, or nearly gla- 
brous, a tuft of stiff hairs 3 mm. long 
on the sides at the summit; ligule 
dense, about 1.5 mm. long; blades 
ascending or spreading, firm, 4 to 10 
em. long, the lower shorter and more 
spreading, 4 to 7 mm. wide, ab- 
ruptly acuminate, rounded at the base 
Fig. 9.—P. firmulum. From type specimen. and wider than the sheath, sparsely 
papillose-ciliate, at least toward the 

base, scabrous on the upper surface; panicles slender, interrupted, their brancheserect, 


28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the branchlets bearing 1 to 3 short-pediceled spikelets, the setiform prolongation of the 
axis usually about as long as the spikelets, sometimes twice as long; spikelets 3 to 3.2. 
mm. long, 1.7 to 1.8 mm. wide, obo- 
vate, subacute, turgid, strongly nerved ; 
first glume clasping, half the length 
of the spikelet, pointed, 5 to 7- 
nerved; second glume and _ sterile 
lemma subequal, scarcely covering the 
fruit, 5 to 7-nerved, the glume ob- 
scurely reticulated toward the summit; 
fruit 2.7 to 2.8 mm. long, 1.6 tol.7mm. 
wide, obovate-elliptic, abruptly acute, 
very turgid. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 
592755, collected May 27, 1904, Elsordo, Zapata County, Texas, by David Griffiths 
(no. 6446). 

This species resembles P. ramisetum, from which it differs in the larger spikelets, 
usually longer sete, broader, more or less ciliate blades, and markedly knotty rootstock. 


Fig. 10.—Distribution of P. firmulum. 


DISTRIBUTION. 
Sandy prairies, southern Texas. 
Texas: Elsordo, Griffiths 6446; Sarita, Hitchcock 3866; without locality, Nealley. 


TRUE PANICUM. 
SYNOPSIS OF GROUPS. 


Inflorescence consisting of several spike-like racemes along a 
main axis; fruit transversely rugose. 
Perennials; culms spreading or creeping; spikelets gla- 
. Poroue’ so 42 23 ele oa Se a Oe GEMINATA (p. 30). 
Annuals; spikelets pubescent or glabrous.......--...---- FASCICULATA (p. 35). 
Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle, or if with race- 
mose branches fruit not transversely rugose. 
Annuals; panicles open, usually diffuse. (See also Laxa 
and P. costaricense no. 76.) 
Spikelets glabrous, not warty nor rugulose; fruit pol- 
ished. 
First glume less than one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet, obtuse or truncate; sheaths glab- 
rous except in P. bartowense.............. DICHOTOMIFLORA 
47). 
First glume nearly half the length of the spikelet bons 
or more; sheaths hispid (sometimes glab- 
rous in P. decolorans and P. stramineum)..CAPILLARIA (p. 54). 
Spikelets warty, rugulose, or hispid; fruit not polished, 
margins of lemma not inrolled. 
Spikelets 2 mm. or more long; not tropical species. VERRUCOSA (p. 126). 
Spikelets not over 1.4mm. long; tropical species. TRIcHOIDIA (p. 129). 
Perennials (two species in Laxa annuals). 
Fruit transversely rugose (very faintly so in P. ple- 
num); spikelets ellipsoid, glabrous; plants 
TODUSE 2 STS es Ce an ee eae ee Maxima (p. 78). 
Fruit not transversely rugose. 
Spikelets densely silky-villous, 6 to 7 mm. long; 
lemma silky on the margins.............- URVILLEANA (p. 182). 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 29 


Spikelets not silky-villous. 

Panicles more or less diffuse (somewhat con- 
tracted in P. hirsutum and P. gouinr); 
the spikelets not short-pediceled along 
raceme-like branches. 

Spikelets pointed, glabrous; culms te- 


rete. 
Rootstocks wanting; sheaths usually 
[NU FST TITS) ce OR Sa eee a Dirrusa (p. 71). 
Rootstocks present; sheaths gla- 
ROUbes Bessie Stee hara ee. OSS VIRGATA (p. 84). 
Spikelets obtuse and glabrous or pointed 
and sparsely hispid...............See ungrouped tropical 


species, nos. 76 to 81. 
Panicles more or less contracted, or the 
spikelets short-pediceled along the 
main branches. 
First glume usually about one-fifth the 
length of the rounded-obtuse 
spikelets; tropical species..-..... PARVIGLUMIA (p. 124). 
First glume usually more than one-third 
the length of the acute spikelets 
(subobtuse in P. stenodes and cer- 
tain species of Laxa). 
Culms erect or stiffly ascending, not 
geniculate; sterile palea not 
enlarged at maturity; panicle 
branches not conspicuously 
raceme-like; blades linear. 
Panicles few-flowered; con- 
tracted; sterile palea not 
enlarged at maturity ....TENERA (p. 97). 
Panicles many-flowered, open 
or contracted; the short- 
pediceled, pointed spike- 
lets often secund........ AGROSTOIDIA (p. 99). 
Culms often decumbent or more or 
less geniculate, if stiff and 
erect the sterile palea enlarged 
at maturity; panicle branches 
raceme-like (except in P. 
vans and P. exiguiflorum). 
Second glume and sterile lemma 
boat-shaped or the latter 
bearing two crateriform 
glands; spikelets glabrous 
or pubescent: 5.2.0 2022. STOLONIFERA (p. 120). 
Second glume and sterile lemma 
not boat-shaped (or the 
glume butslightly so) nor 
gland-bearing; spikelets 
glabrous or scabrous at 
the: apex-onlyecact 2 a: Laxa (p. 110). 


30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Geminata.—Perennials; culms tall, spreading or creeping; inflorescence consisting 
of several erect, spike-like racemes distributed along an elongated axis; 
spikelets secund, glabrous, fruit more or less transversely rugose or roughened. 
Growing in water or wet places. 


Nodes bearded 3 2.2. 503.3 7 eset eT nor eee 9. P. barbinode. 
Nodes glabrous. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma papery..... 8. P. paludivagum. 
Spikelets not over 2.4mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma 
NOW PIPeCry a. stad. eee eee ee 7. P. geminatum. 


7. Panicum geminatum Forsk. 


Panicum geminatum Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 18. 1775. ‘‘Rosettae in pratis ad 
littora Nili.”” We have not seen the type of this, but the description applies to the 
American plant which appears to be the same as the Old World species. We are 
informed by Mr. A. B. Rendle that the type is not in the herbarium of the British 
Museum. 

Paspalum appressum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. ‘‘Ex America merid. 
Com. D. Richard.’’ We have not seen the type specimen. 

Digitaria appressa Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805. Based on Paspalum appressum Lam. 

? Digitaria affinis Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 470.1817. ‘‘In Santa Fé de 
Bogota. Ab amiciss. Zea nobiscum communicata.’’ This specimen has not been 
examined, but the form to which Nees@ and Trinius refer Roemer and Schultes’s 
name, as shown by a specimen from Bahia in the Trinius Herbarium sent by Nees, is 
the one here described. Roemer and Schultes’s description leaves the species in 
doubt, however, since it would only apply to an unusually small specimen and may 
possibly refer to a different species from that to which Nees and Trinius applied the 
name. 

Panicum beckmanniaeforme Mikan; Trin. in Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 83.1821. ‘‘ Hab. 
in Brasilia.’? A portion of the type is in the Trinius Herbarium. It is from Brazil 
sent by Mikan. 

Panicum truncatum Trin. Gram. Pan. 130. 1826. The author states he has seen 
specimens from ‘‘Ind. or., Egypt (LINDLEY. SIEBER in hb. Maur. I. I. no. 28.) e 
Brasil.—s. nom. Panic. affine Schult.—N. aB Esrens.’’ The specimen figured in the 
Icones® is from Egypt. The specimen has not been examined, but the plate shows 
the species to be the same as the above-mentioned specimen sent by Nees under the 
name of P. affine Schult. 

? Panicum affine Nees, Agrost. Bras. 113. 1829. Among several other names 
‘‘ Digitaria affinis R. & Sch.” is cited as a synonym. Since this specific name is 
retained, this is considered as based on Digitaria affinis Roem. & Schult., though 
Nees’s description is evidently based on the specimen first cited, one collected by 
Martius in Bahia, Brazil, and preserved in the Munich Herbarium, and belonging to 
the species here described. 

Panicum brizaeforme Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 302. 1830. ‘Hab. in Luzona.’’ The 
type, in the herbarium of the German University at Prague, is labeled ‘‘Acapulco. 
Haenke.’’ The specimen in the Bernhardi Herbarium at the Missouri Botanical 
Garden, which is the same species, is from Luzon.¢ 

Panicum carnosum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 60. 1854. This is mentioned 
as a synonym under P. paspaloides, with the citation ‘‘Hrbr. Bahia.’’ There is a 
specimen of this collection in the Trinius Herbarium and another in the United 
States National Herbarium. 


a Panwum affine Nees, Agrost. Bras. 113. 1829. 
6 Trin. Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 168. 1829. 
¢ Scribner, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 46. 1899. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 31 


Panicum glomeratum Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 3. 1866, not 
Moench, 1794. ‘‘Western Texas.’’ The type, in the herbarium of the Philadelphia 
Academy, is a single culm; the turgid spikelets are 2.3 mm. long. 

Panicum appressum Lam.; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 184. 1877, not Forsk. 1775. 
Based on Paspalum appressum Lam. 

This species has usually been called P. paspalodes Pers. The latter, however, is 
based on P. brizoides Lam.,® not L.¢ The published locality for Panicum brizoides 
Lam. is ‘“‘India.’’ The type, in the Paris Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘herb. certo i. de 
France [Mauritius] Commerson.’’ It belongs to the species described by Hooker 4 
as P. punctatum Burm.,¢ to which, however, Burmann’s description does not well 


apply. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants glabrous throughout; culms cespitose, usually numerous, 25 to 80 cm. high, 
spreading from a more or less decumbent base, scarcely succulent; sheaths usually 
overlapping, rather close; ligule ciliate, 1 mm. 
long; blades 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide, rather stiffly spreading or erect, flat, or 
involute toward apex, somewhat scabrous on 
the upper surface; panicle short-exserted or 
included at the base, 12 to 30 cm. long; axis 
angled, smooth except toward the summit; 
racemes 12 to 18, erect or narrowly ascend- 
ing, the lower rarely distant more than their 
own length, gradually approximate, the lower 
2.5 to 3 cm. long, gradually shorter upward, 
the axis usually ending in a more or less well-marked, pointed prolongation; spikelets 
subsessile, 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, turgid, abruptly and minutely pointed; 
first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, truncate or obtuse; second 
glume nearly as long as fruit (exceeded only by the point of latter) 5-nerved; sterile 
lemma 5-nerved, abruptly pointed, equaling the fruit and like the second glume very 
faintly reticulate toward the summit, inclosing a hyaline palea and usually an abor- 
tive staminate flower; fruit 2.2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, abruptly pointed, 
strongly transversely rugose. 

In many of the specimens cited below the base is lacking. Other specimens show 
a cespitose base with fibrous roots, and a single specimen from Cuba (Hitchcock 142) 
shows in addition to the cespitose base long slender stolons. The specimen grew in 
moist soil and the stolons extended over the mud, rooting at the nodes and sending 
up vertical shoots. These stolons appear very different from the succulent submerged 
bases of P. paludivagum. 


Fic. 11.—P.geminatum. From type specimen 
of P. brizaeforme Presl. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist ground, mostly near the coast, southern Florida and Texas, south through 
Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Peru; also in warmer parts of the Old World. 


Fuioripa: Manatee, Tracy 7381; Key Largo, Curtiss 3601*; Key West, Blodgett, 
Hitchcock 613; Rugel 123. 


aSyn. Pl. 1: 81. 1805. 

6 Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791. Persoon quotes Lamarck’s description. 
¢ Mant. Pl. 2: 184.1771. Thisis Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. 

@ Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 29. 1896. 

¢ Fl. Ind. 26. 1768. 


32 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1078; Giddings, Hall 823; Houston, Thurow in 1898; 
Pierce, Tracy 7392; Spofford, Griffiths 6306; without locality Nealley in 1884. 

Mexico: Lower California, El Taste, Brandegee in 1893; San José del Cabo, Bran- 
degee 14, 36; Guaymas, Palmer 690 in 1887; Yaqui River, Palmer 15 in 1869; 
Acapulco, Palmer 289 in 1894; 
Yucatan, Izamal, Gaumer 1027 
(Hitchcock Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: San José, Kellerman 
6250. 

Bauamas: Nassau, Curtiss 175. 

Cusa: Santiago de las Vegas, 
Hitchcock 143; Habana, Leon 
918; Batabano, Hitchcock 142; 
Hanabana, Wright 761; Guana- 
bacoa, Leén 920; Guantanamo, 
Britton 2281. 

Jamarca: Gordon Town, Hart 806. 

Porto Rico: Guanica, Sintenis 3367. 

DanisH West Inprzs: St. Croix, Ricksecker 212; St. Thomas, Eggers in 1882. 

LEEWARD IsLtanps: Guadeloupe, Duss 2690, 3584, L’ Herminier. 

WINDWARD IsLtANDs: Martinique, Duss 1293. 

CoLomBIA: Santa Marta, Smith 151. 

British GUIANA: Jenman 3969, 4438, 6022. 

DutcH Guiana: “Surinam” Hering (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 

Brazit: Bahia, Salzmann. 

Peru: Lima, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 

GALAPAGOS IsLANDS: Snodgrass & Heller 557, 746 (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 12.—Distribution of P. geminatum. 


8. Panicum paludivagum sp. nov. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants apparently perennial, glabrous throughout; culms elongated, from a long, 
creeping base, rooting at the nodes, rather soft and succulent, as much as 2 meters long, 


Fig. 13.—P. paludivagum. From type 


the lower submerged portion loosely branching, 
the internodes, except the uppermost, some- 
what swollen, the nodes constricted and often 
dark colored; sheaths papery and more or less 
inflated, especially the lower, mostly deciduous 
from the submerged portion; ligule ciliate, 
about 1 mm. long; blades 15 to 40 cm. long, 
conduplicate at base, flat above, long-acumi- 
nate, rather lax, very scabrous on the upper 
surface, smooth below, the lower much reduced 
or rudimentary; panicle usually overtopped or 
equaled by the leaves, 25 to 35 cm. long; axis 
specimen. angled, smooth; racemes 12 to 15, erect, the 

lower distant, 3 cm. long, the upper gradually 


approximate and shorter, the axis ending in a rudimentary spikelet or sometimes 
in a short, slender-pointed prolongation; spikelets appressed to the angled rachis, 2.8 
to 3 mm. long, 1.4 to 1.6 mm. wide, narrowly ovate, not turgid, subacute; first glume 
about one-fifth the length of the spikelet, nerveless, erose-truncate; second glume half 
to two-thirds the length of the spikelet, faintly 3-nerved; sterile lemma as long as the . 
fruit, very faintly nerved toward the summit, inclosing a palea of equal length and a 
staminate flower; fruit 2.8 to 3 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, narrowly ovate, acute, 
very obscurely rugose, the margins scarcely inrolled. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. oe 


Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 207685, collected May 16 to 31, 1894, ‘‘in water,”’ 
in the vicinity of Eustis, Lake County, Florida, by George V. Nash (no. 746). 

This species differs from P. geminatum in the succulent stems, the lower part 
submerged, branching and rooting at the nodes, the loose papery sheaths, the lower 
nearly bladeless, the elongated aerial blades, and the longer, not turgid spikelets, - 
scarcely nerved glumes, shorter second glume, and nearly smooth fruit. 

This species has usually been distributed as Panicum paspalodes Pers. It is closely 
related to the species described by Hooker as P. punctatum Burm.¢ but differs espe- 
cially in the papery, nearly nerveless glumes and sterile lemma and the nearly 
smooth fruit. 

The preceding species, P. geminatum, grows along the seacoast, while this species 
appears to be an inhabitant of fresh-water lakes and rivers. Lake Amatitlan, the cited 
locality for the Guatemala specimens, lies at an altitude of 1,200 meters. Pringle’s 
no. 9556 is labeled ‘‘In water, Valley of Zamora, 5000 ft.,’’ and his no, 3336, ‘‘Shallows 


of Lake Patzcuaro.”’ 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Growing more or less submerged in fresh-water rivers and lakes of the interior at 
least up to 1,600 meters altitude, in Florida, Texas, Mexico, and Central America; also 
in Uruguay. 

FLoripa: Grasmere, Combs 760, 
1052; Eustis, Nash 746; Man- 
atee, Tracy 7412; Braiden- 
town, Combs 12538; Little 
River, Garber in 1877. 

Texas: Without locality, Nealley 
in 1888. 

Mexico: Guadalajara, Palmer 429 
in 1886; State of Michoacan, 
Valley of Zamora, Pringle 


9556; Lake Patzcuaro, Prin- Fig. 14.—Distribution of P. paludivagum. 
gle 3336. 
GUATEMALA: Amatitlan, Tuerckheim 8790; Lake Amatitlan, Kellerman 6253, 6254, 
. Pittier 101. 


Urvueuay: Montevideo, Arechavaleta. 


9. Panicum barbinode Trin. 


Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 47. 1823, not H. B. K. 1815. Raddi 
states that this species is cultivated ‘‘in Provincia Rio janeiro,’’ and also grows spon- 
taneously. We have not seen the type, but Raddi’s description applies well to P. 
barbinode. 

Panicum barbinode Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 256. 1834. 
Trinius cites ‘‘ Panicum barbinode Trin. ic. gr. XX VII. tab. 318,”’ then unpublished, 
and states that his specimen is from Brazil. In the Icones ® the habitat is given as 
Bahia. This specimen, in the Trinius Herbarium, which is the type, is labeled 
“‘Bahia, Riedel 1831.’’ 

Panicum guadaloupense Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 61. 1854. ‘‘Ins. Guadaloupe.”’ 
We have not seen the type, but the description applies well to P. barbinode Trin. 

Panicum equinum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 67. 1854. ‘‘Salzmann in 
Bahia” is the first specimen cited. The specimen in the De Candolle Herbarium 
labeled ‘‘P. equinum Salz., Bahia, Salzm.’’ is probably the type. 


@ See footnote 7, page 31, [P. geminatum] and the paragraph to which it is appended. 
6b Gram. Icon. 3: pl. 318. 1836. 


41616°—voL 15—10——3 


34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum pictigluma Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 73. 1854. ‘‘Brasil.”’ We have not 
seen the type of this, but Steudel cites P. purpurascens Raddi as a synonym and his 
description applies well to P. barbinode. 

Panicum paraguayense Steud.; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 189. 1877. This is 
given as a synonym under P. numidianum Lam., and credited to “‘Steudel in planta- 
rum Renggeri schedulis.’’ We have not seen the type. 

The name P. numidianum Lam. was taken up as the earliest one for this species 
by Nees, Doell,® Hitchcock, ¢ and others, but the type specimen of P. numidianum, 
“Ex numidia,”’ in the Lamarck Herbarium, does 
not agree in all respects with the type of P. barbi- 
node. ‘The lower glume is longer and is 3-nerved 
instead of l-nerved, the pedicels of the stalked 
spikelets are longer, and the rachis lacks the long 
hairs of P. barbinode. 

Panicum muticum Forsk.¢ is accepted for this 
species by Hooker ¢ and others, but the identity 
of Forskaél’s species is uncertain, as we have not 
seen the type and the description is insufficient to 
identify it. Forskal’s plant was collected at Rosetta 
and is said to be allied to Panicum colonum. We 
are informed by Mr. A. B. Rendle that the type is 
not in the herbarium of the British Museum. 

Recent American authors / have applied the name P. molle Swartz to this species, 
but an examination of Swartz’s type g shows it to belong to a very different species. 


Fia@. 15.—P. barbinode. From type 
specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, sending out widely creeping stolons; culms decumbent at base, 
rooting at the lower nodes, 2 to 5 or 6 meters high, or higher in cultivation, robust, 
simple, or producing leafy shoots only, glabrous, the nodes densely villous; sheaths 
softly or harshly villous to merely papillose or even glabrous toward the summit, 
densely pubescent at the juncture with the blades; ligules membranaceous, densely 
ciliate, about 1 mm. long; blades ascending or spreading, 10 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 15 
mm. wide, rounded at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, the margin scabrous; panicle 
12 to 20 cm. long, about half as wide, the rather distant, subracemose, densely flowered 
branches ascending or spreading, the main axis and the somewhat flattened branches 
seabrous on the edges, densely pubescent in the axils, a few stiff hairs on the very 
short pedicels; spikelets 3 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, elliptic; first glume about 
one-fourth the length of the spikelet, 1-nerved, acute; second glume and sterile lemma 
subequal, both exceeded by the sterile palea; fruit about 2.5 mm. long, 1.1 mm. 
wide, obtuse, minutely transversely rugose. 

This species, commercially known as ‘‘ Para grass,’’ is cultivated in South America, 
the West Indies, and Mexico, and has been introduced into the Gulf States. 


a Agrost. Bras. 122. 1829. 

b Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 188. 1877. 

¢ Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 224. 1909. 

dF]. Aegypt. Arab. 20. 1775. 

éFl. Brit. Ind. 7: 34. 1896. 

fScribner, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 14: 54. 1900; Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 90. 1903. 

gSee P. molle Swartz, page 42; and for a full discussion of Swartz’s types, see 
Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 135-143. 1908. 


 aertitt@jen tum mea — 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 35 


DISTRIBUTION. 
A 


Cultivated and waste ground, escaped from cultivation, Florida to Texas, and 
throughout subtropical and tropical America; native of Brazil. 


Fioripa: Merrimack, Baker 48; Braidentown, Combs 1265, 1311, Tracy 7763. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr. in 1880. 

Texas: Without locality, Nealley. 

Mexico: Cuantla, Holway 3045; Manzanillo, Palmer 1078 in 1890; Colima, Hm- 
rick 8; Lower California, Brandegee 46. 

GuaTEMALA: Alta Vera Paz, Tuerckheim 7799, 8617; Mazatenango, Maxond& Hay 
3476. 

Satvapor: Without locality, Renson 214. 

NicaraGcua: Chinandega, Baker 2053. 

Costa Rica: Térraba, Pittier 412; border of Rio Tuis, Tonduz 11393. 

Bauamas: Nassau, Curtiss W. Ind. Pl. 115. 

Cusa: Puentes Grandes, Leén 283; near Cienfuegos, Pringle 26, Habana, Leén 
568; Romelie, Eggers 4870. 

Porto Rico: Bayamon, Heller 100, Millspaugh 324; Guanica, Millspaugh 727; 
Yauco, Heller 6293; Los Mameges, Eggers 1328. 

DanisH West Inpizs: St. Croix, Ricksecker 300. 

LEEWARD IsLANDS: Guadeloupe, Duss 2689, L’ Herminier in part. 

WINDWARD IsLANDs: Martinique, Duss 539; Granada, Broadway in 1904 and 1905. 

CotomsiA: Santa Marta, Smith 211. 

British GuIANA: Jenman 5998. 

Brazit: Bahia, Salzmann; Campinas, Novaes 1242; Sao Sebastiao, Lofgren 3142; 
without locality, Riedel. 

ParaGuay: Morong 7792. 

Ecuapor: Lehmann 5744. 


This species occurs in the warmer parts of the Old World, where it was probably 
introduced from South America. Hooker @ states that it is ‘cultivated or naturalized”’ 
in Bengal and Ceylon. Trimen? makes 
the following statement concerning it: 
‘A well-known fodder-grass in Ceylon, 
but there is no record of its introduc- 
tion into the island. According to 
Roxburgh seeds were received at the 
Calcutta Botanical Garden fromSumatra 
in 1804, through Dr. Charles Campbell. 
As it is a native of tropical America, 
the Dutch, who then held ports in 
Sumatra, may have imported it from 
Surinam.’’ Durand and Schinz ¢ state 
concerning P. barbinode, which is re- 
ferred to P. molle Swartz, ‘“‘Maurice, Seychelles.—Distrib.: Originaire des Indes 
occid. et abondamment répandu maintenant dans l’ancien monde (Baker).’’ 


Fig. 16.—Distribution of P. barbinode. 


Fasciculata.—Annuals with flat, usually rather wide blades; ligules ciliate or mem- 
branaceous-ciliate, not over 1 mm. long; inflorescence of several narrow or 
spike-like racemes along a main axis; second glume and sterile lemma usually 
more or less reticulate-veined, at least toward the apex, the lemma, excepting 
in occasional specimens of P. molle, inclosing a palea of nearly equal length 
and often a staminate flower; fruit transversely rugose. 


@ Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 35.1896. Hooker gives here several synonyms based upon Asiatic 
specimens, which we have not examined. 


5 Fl. Ceylon 5: 140. 1900. ¢Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 755. 1895. 


36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Spikelets 5 to, 6, mma Jong si 22. bbe diene oes ae 15. P. texanum. 
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long. 
Spikelets strongly reticulate-veined, 2 to 3 mm. long; 


glabrous. 
Panicle branches long and spreading; blades pubes- 
cent of elabrous: shee sier sais eae Cee een ll. P. fasciculatum. 
Panicle branches short, appressed; blades narrow, 
PUbEescent)). TA UC es See eer ete lla. P. fasciculatum 
chartaginense. 
Spikelets scarcely reticulate-veined or only near apex. 
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, glabrous. .........-- 10. P. reptans. 
Spikelets over 3 mm. long, pubescent. 
Rachis scabrous) but not) bristly 2222.2) see 13. P. adspersum. 
Rachis pilose with bristly hairs. 
Plant more or less velvety, sheaths: not 
Papilloses his MwA eugene veel ane 12. -P. molle. 
Plant not velvety; sheaths papillose........ 14. P. arizonicum. 


10. Panicum reptans L. 


Panicum reptans L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. No locality is here given, 
but the same specimen is described more fully by Linnzeus, under the name Panicum 
grossarium, later In his list of Jamaica plants.¢ The type specimen, in the Linnzan 
Herbarium, is marked ‘“‘Br” [for Browne who sent the plant] and on the sheet the 
word ‘‘reptans” was written and then crossed out. A full discussion of the type of 
this and P. grossarwum is given in another place.? 

Panicum grossarium L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 871. 1759. The type specimen is the 
same as that of P. reptans. 

Panicum prostratum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1:171. 1791. ‘‘ Ex Insulis Caribzis.’’ 
The type, in the Lamarck Herbarium, is from Santo Domingo. 

Panicum caespitosum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 146.1797. ‘‘Habitat in pascuis 
siccioribus Jamaicae.’’ The type,¢ in the Swartz Herbarium, is from ‘‘Jamaica, 
Swartz.” 

Panicum insularum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 61. 1854. ‘‘Ins. Antillae minores.”’ 
The type, in the Steudel Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘Panicum insularum Steud. An- 
tillae minores. Hohenacker.’’ 

Brachiaria prostrata Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen '7: 263.1857. Based on 
Panicum prostratum Lam. 

Panicum aurelianum Hale in Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 787.1861. ‘‘Damp soils, 
about N. Orleans (Hale).’’ We have not been able to locate the type of this, but in 
the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden there is a specimen of P. reptans 
bearing a ticket reading ‘‘ Panicum aurelianum New Orleans Dr. Hale.’’ This agrees 
perfectly with Hale’s description. 

Panicum prostratum pilosa[um] Eggers, Fl. St. Croix & Virgin Isl. 104.1879. “St. 
Croix (La Grange).’? We have not seen the type. The description applies to the 
common form of P. reptans with pilose rachises. 


@ Amoen. Acad. 5: 392. 1759. 

6 Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 119. 1908. 

¢ For an account of Swartz’s American grasses, which are preserved in the Natural 
History Museum at Stockholm, see Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 138. 1908. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 87 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants spreading, asually prostrate, or with a decumbent base, rooting at the lower 
nodes; culms slender, usually freely branching, ascending 10 to 30 cm. above the 
decumbent or creeping base, glabrous, the nodes usually puberulent; sheaths 
loose, glabrous, densely ciliate, shorter than the inter- 
nodes; ligule a dense ring of hairs 1 mm. long or less; 
blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, 
4 to 12 mm. wide, cordate, glabrous or puberulent on 
both surfaces, the white, undulate margin hispid- 
scabrous, ciliate at base with long, stiff hairs; inflores- 
cence finally long-exserted, 2 to 6 cm. long, consist- 
ing of 3 to 12 spike-like, ascending or spreading racemes 
arranged along a main axis; racemes solitary or some- 
times somewhat fascicled, the upper:approximate and 
shorter, the lower rather distant and 2 or 3 cm. long; rachises and pedicels scabrous 
and usually sparsely pilose with long, weak hairs; spikelets borne on one side of the 
rachis, irregularly and rather densely clustered, on pubescent pedicels 1 mm. or less 
in length, elliptic, 1.9 to 2 mm. long, 0.9 to 1 mm. wide, acute, glabrous; first glume 
about one-sixth the length of the spikelet, rounded or truncate; second glume and 
sterile lemma slightly exceeding the fruit, strongly 5 to 7-nerved; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 
0.8 mm. wide, elliptic, apiculate. 

As a whole this species is very uniform, but the long hairs on the secondary rachises 
and pedicels are sometimes wanting. 


Fic. 17.—P. reptans. From type 
specimen of P. prostratum Lam. 


DISTRIBUTION. — 


Moist open ground and a frequent weed in waste places and cultivated soil, Florida 
to Texas, Mexico, and the West Indies, south to northern South America; also in the 
tropical regions of the Eastern Hemi- 
sphere. 


Froriwa: Apalachicola, Biltmore 
Distr. Chapman Herb. 4276 
(Gray Herb.). 

AtaBama: Mobile, Mohr in 1884. 

Louisiana: Pointe a la Hache, 
Langlois 45 in 1882, 154 in 
1883; Burnside, Combs 1431; 
New Orleans, Ridell in 1840; 
Algiers, Tracy 1837. 

Texas: Columbia, Bush 266, 1296; 
Industry, Wurzlow 6; Houston, 
Thurow 21 in 1903; Pierce, Tracy 7387; Lynchburg, Joor 39 in 1884; without 
locality, Neailey in 1884 and 1888. 

‘Mexico: Cuicatlan, Nelson 1622. 

' Cusa: Habana, Curtiss 691, Hitchcock 146, Leén 276, 292, 297, 566, 576, 906, 910c; 
Madruga, Curtiss 536; San Antonio, Hitchcock 145; Herradura, Tracy 9103; 
Cienfuegos, Pringle 73; Baracoa, Pollard, Palmer & Palmer 19; La Magdalena, 
Earle & Baker 2455; Santiago, Leén 910; Guayabal, Leén 910b; without local- 
ity, Wright 3857. 

Jamaica: Hope, Harris 6845; Gordon Town, Hart 838. 

Porto Rico: Guanica, Millspaugh Pl. Utow. 726, Sintenis 3368; Salinas de Cabo, 
Sintenis 847; Coamo Springs, Goll 662; Ponce, Heller 497. 

DanisH West Inp1zEs: St. Croix, Ricksecker 77; St. Thomas, Eggers 293 (Hitch- 
cock Herb.). 


Fic. 18.—Distribution of P. reptans. 


38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


LEEWARD IsLANDS: Guadeloupe, Duss 3529. 
WINDWARD IsLANDs: Martinique, Duss 1290. 

Cotomsia: Santa Marta, Smith 173. 

VENEZUELA: Island of Margarita, Miller & Johnston 171. 
BritisH GUIANA: Jenman 6024. 


11. Panicum fasciculatum Swartz. 


Panicum fasciculatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788. ‘‘ Jamaica.” The 
type, in the Swartz Herbarium, has sparsely papillose-hispid sheaths and spikelets 
2.1 to 2.2 mm. long. | 

Panicum fuscum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788. ‘“‘ Jamaica.” The type, 
in the Swartz Herbarium, consists of two smaller, more branching plants, with some- 
what more hispid sheaths and more contracted panicles than in the type of P. fascieu- 
latum; the spikelets are 2.1 to 2.3 mm. long. 


Panicum flavescens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23.1788. “Jamaica.” The type, . 


in the Swartz Herbarium, consists of the upper portion of two culms with panicles 
somewhat more open than those of the type of P. fasciculatum, but otherwise very 
like that; the spikelets are 2.2 to 2.3mm. long. This is not the species described 
under this name by Grisebach® and by Hooker, ® which is a species of the section 
Ptychophyllum. 

Panicum fusco-rubens Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. ‘‘Ex Ins. Carbiaeis. ” 
The type, in the Paris Herbarium, is a portion 
of a large plant with a rather open panicle and 
spikelets 2.5 mm. long. 

Panicum fastigiatum Poir. in Lam. Encyel. 
Suppl. 4: 277.1816. Based on Panicum fascic- 
ulatum Swartz, the name changed because of 
P. fasciculatum Lam. 1798. 

: 3 Panicum nigricans Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 
c 1: 310.1825. This is given asa synonym under 
ae ee ecimen YP. fasciculatum. The type, in the Willdenow 
Herbarium, is from ‘‘Amer. Merid.” collected 

by Humboldt. The spikelets are 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long. 

Panicum fuscatum Presl; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 152. 1829. This is given as asynonym 
under P. fasciculatum y. We have not seen Presl’s specimen. 

Panicum spithamaeum Willd.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 152. 1829. This name is men- 
tioned in a note under P. fasciculatum. The type, in the Willdenow Herbarium, from 
Humboldt, is labeled, ‘‘Amer. Merid.” This name is mispelled ‘‘spithamineum” 
by Steudel.¢ 

Panicum illinoniense Desv. Opusc. 91.1831. ‘‘Habitat in America boreali.” The 
type, in the Desvaux Herbarium, bears a slip with the name ‘‘ Panicum illinoniense 
DesV. Op. p. 91,’’ and ‘“‘Hab. Carol.’”’ The locality, if meant for Carolina, is clearly 
an error, but there are many errors in the data on the labels of Desvaux’s plants. The 
specimen is much like the type of P. fuscum. 

Panicum reticulatum Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 7: 264. 1857, not Torrey, 
1852. Grisebach states that his specimen was collected by Duchaissing either in the 
Caribbees or in the Isthmus of Panama. We have not seen the type, but Grisebach 
later @ refers this species to P. fuscum Swartz. 

Panicum fuscum fasciculatum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 547. 1864. Based on P. 
fasciculatum Swartz. 


a Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 547. 1864. ¢ Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 80. 1854. 
6 Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 56. 1896. 


eae ae a alms ie le 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 39 


Panicum fasciculatum genuinum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 204. 1877. Based on 
P. fasciculatum Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatam flavescens Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras, 2?: 205.1877. Based on 
P. flavescens Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatum fuscum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 205. 1877. Based on P. 
fuscum Swartz. : 

Panicum fasciculatum was described under a phrase name and figured by Sloane,@ 
whose type is at the British Museum of Natural History. Kuntze misapplies the 
name Panicum paniculatum (L.) Kuntze,¢ based on Paspalum paniculatum L., to this 
species, owing to the fact that Linnzeus erroneously cites Sloane’s plate of Panicum 
fasciculatum after his description of Paspalum paniculatum, the type of which is in the 
Linnzan Herbarium.¢ Nashé also later made the combination Panicum paniculatum 
on the same grounds. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect or spreading from a decumbent base, the more robust becoming much 
branched from the lower nodes; culms 30 to 100 cm. or more high, glabrous or scabrous, 
or sometimes pubescent below the panicle or hispid below the appressed-pubescent 
nodes; sheaths sometimes shorter, sometimes longer than the internodes, glabrous or 
more or less papillose-hispid, densely ciliate, pubescent at the juncture with the 
blades; ligule a dense ring of hairs about 1 mm. long; blades flat, 4 to 30 cm. long, 6 
to 20 mm. wide, glabrous, usually scabrous above, sometimes sparsely hispid on one 
or both surfaces, the nerves in the larger blades conspicuous, sometimes appearing 
somewhat plicate; inflorescence short-exserted or included at base until maturity, 
consisting of a series of spike-like racemes arranged along a scabrous, sometimes pilose, 
main axis, 5 to 15 cm. long, the racemes 5 to 10 cm. long, solitary or fascicled, narrowly 
ascending to somewhat spreading, spikelet-bearing from the base, or naked below, 
the short-pediceled spikelets approximate or somewhat crowded, borne singly, or two 
or three together on short branchlets, along the under side of the axis; spikelets 
bronze to mahogany colored, 2.1 to 2.5 mm. long, in occasional specimens as much as 
3 mm. long, obovate, turgid, abruptly short-pointed, glabrous; first glume clasping, 
about one-third the length of the spikelet, subacute, 5 to 7-nerved; second glume and 
sterile lemma slightly exceeding the fruit, 9-nerved, faintly to strongly transversely 
wrinkled between the nerves; fruit 1.9 to 2.3 mm. long, obovate, obscurely apiculate. 

This species is variable in the amount of pubescence and in the size of the spikelets. 
Almost all the West Indian specimens cited below have spikelets not over 2.3 mm. 
long. The greater number of specimens from Mexico and the United States have 
spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, while about half the Central American specimens have 
the larger spikelets. This difference in size can not be correlated with any other 
character. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist open ground, often a weed in fields and along roadsides, southern Florida and 
Texas, southward through Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador. 
_ Fiorra: Cape Canaveral, Curtiss 3589; Lastero Bay, Garber 36; Sneeds Island, 
Tracy 6455; Caxambas Island, Simpson 275; Marco, Hitchcock Lee Co. 
Pl. 484; Key West, Rugel; without locality, Blodgett. 


toy. dam. 1s 15 pl. 72. f.2. 1707. 

b See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 131. 1908, for an account of Sloane’s Ja- 
maica grasses. 

¢ Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 363. 1898. 

d See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 116. 1908. 

€ Bull. Torrey Club 30: 381. 1903. 


40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Texas: Robbstown, Griffiths 6508. 
Mexico: Santa Ana, Griffiths 6857; Guaymas, Palmer 158 and 207 in 1887, Alamos, 
Palmer 694 in 1890; Hermosillo, Hitchcock 3598; Chihuahua, Palmer la in 1885; 
Colima, Palmer 19 in 1897; 
Topolobampo, Palmer 241 in 
1897; Culiacan, Palmer 1557 in 
1891; Teotalcingo, Liebmann 
277; ‘Santa Maria Tlatella, 
Inebmann 279; Cordoba, Finck 
in 1893; State of Chiapas, 
Nelson 2874, 2958; Merida, 
Schott 384; Rosario, Rose 1834, 


1884. 
GuATEMALA: Alta Vera Paz, Goll es j 
81; Chicacao, Heyde & Luz Fic .20.—Distribution of P. fasciculatum. 


6404; Esquintla, J. D. Smith 
2233; Dept. Huehuetenango, Seler 2704; Gualan, Deam 6267. 

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 195, 5584. 

Nicaracua: Flint in 1868. 

Costa Rica: Puerto Viejo, Biolley 7471; Matina, Pittier 9727; Nicoya, Tonduz 
13749; near the Rio Grande, Pittver 2035. 

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Hart 78. 

Banamas: Turks Island; Madiana (Gray Herb.). 

Cusa: San Antonio, Eggers 4875; Cienfuegos, Pringle 74, 124; Santiago de las 
Vegas, Wilson 593; Habana, Leén 573; Herradura, Tracy 9091; Sancti 
Spiritus, Leén 916; Santiago, Leén & Boillot 813. 

Jamaica: Bath, Mazon 2361; Hope Gardens, Mazon 1659; Gordon Town, Hart 
785, 840. 

Harti: Jacquemont (Gray Herb.). 

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, Barrett 63, Heller & Heller 135; Culebra, Britton & 
Wheeler 137; Caguas, Goll 385, 588; Ponce, Heller 6226, 6302; Guinaca, 
Sintenis 3647; ‘‘Monte Goyo,”’ Sintenis 1901; Aguadilla, Heller 4528; Aibonito, 
Underwood & Griggs 462; without locality, Underwood & Griggs 824. 

DanisH WEstT INprEs: St. Croix, Ricksecker 317; St. Thomas, Hggers in 1882. 

LEEWARD IsLAnps: Guadeloupe, Duss 2691, L’ Herminier. 

WINDWARD IsLANDs: Martinique, Duss 537, 538; Hahn in 1867-1870; Granada, 
Broadway in 1905. 

CoLomBiA: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 208; Santa Ana, Pittier 1610. 

VENEZUELA: Island of Margarita, Miller & Johnston 180. 

TRINIDAD: Botanic Gardens Herb. 2283, 3192. 

FRENCH GUIANA: Without data (Gray Herb.). 

Braziu: Piauhy, Gardner 2357. 

Ecuapor: El Recreo, Eggers 15418, 15834. 

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Agassiz in 1891. 


lla. Panicum fasciculatum chartaginense (Swartz) Doell. 


Panicum chartaginense Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788. ‘‘ America meridio- 
nalis, Chartagena.’’ 'The type, in the Swartz Herbarium, is a more or less prostrate- 
spreading plant, with short, crowded leaves and narrow, compact panicles somewhat 
included at base. The blades, and especially the sheaths, are hispid; the spikelets 
are 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long. 

Panicum reticulatum Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 299. 1852. ‘‘Main fork of Red 
River, [Texas] July.’”’ The type, in the Torrey Herbarium, consists of three slender 


== OO lle 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 41 


plants with papillose-hispid sheaths and blades and contracted panicles; the spikelets 
are 2.8 mm. long. 

Panicum fasciculatum c[hlarthaginense Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 205. 1877. Based 
on P. chartaginense Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatum reticulatum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 117. 1896. Based on 
P. reticulatum Torr. ; 

Panicum fuscum reticulatum Scribn. & Merr- 
U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 4.1901. 
Based on P. reticulatum Torr. The specimen 
here referred to P. chartaginense is P. ramo- 
sum L.@ of Asia. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Differing from P. fasciculatum in having 
smaller, more compact panicles, the branches 
Fic. 21.—P. fasciculatum chartaginense. From aeCOMMINE WOE pressed)», namiwen «blades, 

type specimen. usually pubescent on both surfaces, and 
) spikelets 2.6 to 3 mm. long. 

There are many intermediate specimens. The well-marked form is usually smaller, 
with appressed branches and blades. It occurs in the drier regions of the Mexican 
Plateau. Some specimens, such as Griffiths 1545 and 1616, cited under P. fuscum 
reticulatum by Scribner and Merrill,® are nearly glabrous. 

The following specimens from Texas seem to be intermediate between the species 
and subspecies. They are mostly large plants with rather open panicles and spikelets 
about 3 mm. long: Fort Worth, Tracy 8171; Dona, Tracy 8890; College Station, Price 
in 1895; Abilene, Bentley in 1899; Victoria, Plank 74; San Antonio, Havard, Heller 
1698, Jermy 202; Dallas, Reverchon 94; Houston, Thurow 16. ; 

A closely allied species, P. multiculmum Anders.,¢ from the Galapagos Islands, has 
been referred to P. chartaginense Swartz by Grisebach.4¢ 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies, fields, and waste ground, Texas and Arizona to Mexico; also in Venezuela 
(Swartz). 

Texas: Uvalde, Reverchon 1086; Dallas, Bush 1157; Taylor, Ball in 1901; Abi- 
lene, Bentley in 1899; Waco, Plank 11; Big Springs, Tracy 8289; Columbia, 
Bush 270; Manor, Hall 825; 
San Antonio, Havard in 1882, 
Hitchcock 162, Jermy 203, Plank 
47; Bexar County, Jermy 22; 
Laredo, Sauvignet in 1892; 
without locality, Nealley in 
1887, Wright 797. 

New Mexico: Socorro, Plank 38. 

-ArIzonA: Tucson, Griffiths 1545, 
1616,3362, Hitchcock 3495; Prin- 
gle in 1881; Papayo Reserva- 
tion, Griffiths 1654; Santa Rita 
Mountains, Griffiths 7297, 7299. 

Mexico: Chihuahua, Pringle 379, 380; San Dieguito, Palmer 152 in 1904; Vic- 
toria, Palmer 412 in 1907; Guaymas, Hitchcock 3561, Palmer 159 in 1887 in 
part. 


Fic. 22.—Distribution of P, fasciculatum chartaginense. 


a See page 44. ¢ Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1858: 133. 1855. 
5 Loc. cit. d Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 546. 1864. 


42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, | 


12. Panicum molle Swartz. 


Panicum molle Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22.1788. ‘‘ India occidentalis.’? The 
type, in the Swartz Herbarium, has already been discussed.¢ The sterile lemma 
bears in its axis a well-developed palea. There is some uncertainty as to the original 
locality of the type specimen of P. molle. It is said by Swartz to come from the West 
Indies, but we have seen no other specimens of this species from that region. 

Panicum velutinosum Nees; Trin. Gram. Pan. 144. 1826. This is given as a syn- 
onym of Panicum petiverr Trin. 8. Trinius’s specimen was from ‘‘Brasil,’’ commu- 
nicated by ‘‘N. as Esrens.”’ This is in the Trinius Herbarium and is the original of 
the plate? of P. velutinosum in the Icones. The spikelets differ from those of the type 
of P. molle in that the palea of the sterile lemma is wanting. Nees¢ later described 


P. velutinosum, giving the locality as follows: ‘‘ Habitat in sylvaticis prope Villa da 


Cachoeira, provinciae Bahiensis.’’ [Brazil]. His specimen, of which Trinius’s is evi- 
dently a duplicate, is in the Munich Herbarium. There are six plants on the sheet, 
all much smaller than Swartz’s plant, and having shorter, broader blades. The 
Argentine specimens, which have been referred to P. velutinosum, have a well- 
developed palea in the sterile floret. Doell@ recognized the two species as distinct 
chiefly because of this character. More material is needed definitely to determine 
whether or not these two forms should be segregated. 
In Kunth’s Enumeratioé the name is misprinted P. velutinum Nees. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants ascending or spreading from a decumbent base, usually branching; culms 
30 to 70 cm. high, softly pubescent, at least below the pubescent nodes; sheaths usu- 

ally shorter than the internodes, loose, 
- softly pubescent between the nerves, 
sometimes obscurely so, densely ciliate; 
ligule a dense ring of hairsabout 1 mm. 
long; blades ascending or spreading, 4 to 
15 cm. long, rarely longer, 7 to 15 mm. 
wide, rounded at the base, finely and 
softly pubescent on both surfaces or 
nearly glabrous on the upper; panicles 
short-exserted or, especially those of the 
branches, included at base, 6 to 15 cm. 
long, the several to many subracemose 
branches ascending, rarely widely spread- 
ing at maturity, the main axis and those 
of the branches densely softly pubescent and also beset with stiff, spreading hairs 
about 1 mm. long, the short pedicels of the somewhat crowded spikelets similarly 
hirsute; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide, obovate, turgid, abruptly 
pointed, short-attenuate at base, a distinct internode of the rachilla between the 
first and second glumes; first glume clasping, half as long as the spikelet or more, 
acute, 5-nerved, the nerves usually anastomosing toward the apex, pilose; second 
glume and sterile lemma pointed beyond the fruit, 5-nerved, obscurely reticulated 
between the nerves, pilose, often densely so; fruit 2.6 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
wide, elliptic, apiculate. 

The Argentine specimens are less velvety and approach in appearance the large 
forms of P. arizonicum, but these as well as the Mexican specimens lack the papillae 
commonly present on the sheaths of P. arizonicum. 


le 2 A ENE ne nea tN oe 
a See footnote ¢, p. 36. c Agrost. Bras. 121. 1829. 
b Trin. Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 180. 1829. d Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 187. 1877. 
é¢ Enum. Pl. 1: 92. 1833. 


Fig. 23.—P. molle. From type specimen. 


4 
1 
: 
’ 
: 
- 


ee 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 43 
DISTRIBUTION. 


River banks and moist places, Mexico to Argentina. 


Mexico: Colima, Palmer 149 in 1897; Lodiego near Culiacan, Palmer 1660 in 1891; 
Saltillo, Brandegee 17 in 1893 (Univ. Cal. Herb.); Yucatan, Schott 592 (Field 
Mus. Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Agua Caliente, Deam 6143. 

Brazit: Piauhy, Gardner 2353, 2361; Prov. Ceara, Gardner 1876 (all in Gray 
Herb.). 

ARGENTINA: 6 6rdoba, Stuckert 11719, 56 in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 366. 


13. Panicum adspersum Trin. 


Panicum adspersum Trin. Gram. Pan. 146. 1826. Trinius states as to the origin of 
his specimen, “‘V.sp. Doming. (SPRENGEL, 
sub nomine Pan. caespitosi.)’? The type, 
in the Trinius Herbarium, is labeled, ‘‘ Pani- 
cum adspersum m. St. Domingense s.[ub] 
n.[omine] P. caespitosum Lam. (!) mis. cl. 


Sprengel.’’ This specimen was afterwards 
figured by Trinius.¢ The spikelets are 3.2 
mm. long. 


Panicum thomasianum Steud.; Doell in 
Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 188. 1877. This is men- 
tioned as a synonym under P. adspersum 
Trin. The type, collected by Duchaissing 
in St. Thomas, is in the Steudel Herbarium. 

This species has been referred by many authors to P. grossarium L., but that name 
isa synonym of P. reptans. 


Fig. 24.—P. adspersum. From type specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants light green, glabrous except as noted, ascending or spreading from a decum- 
bent base, rooting at the lower nodes, commonly rather freely branching; culms 30 to 
100 cm. high, compressed; sheaths shorter than the internodes, rather loose, densely 
ciliate at least toward the summit; ligule a ciliate-membranaceous ring scarcely 1 mm. 
long; blades ascending or spreading, 5 to 15 em., rarely as much as 20 cm. long, 8 to 20 
mm. wide, abruptly acuminate, sometimes ciliate at the rounded base, scabrous on 
the margin; panicles rather short-exserted, 6 to 15 cm. long, composed of few to 
many ascending spike-like racemes, 3 to 10 cm. long, the slender axes angled, 
scabrous, usually pubescent in the axils, bearing approximate, short-pediceled spike- 
lets singly or two or three together on short branchlets along the under side; spikelets 
3.2 to 4 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide, fusiform, turgid, abruptly acuminate; first 
glume clasping, about one-third the length of the spikelet, subacute, 5-nerved, glabrous; 
second glume and sterile lemma exceeding the fruit and pointed beyond it, 5 to 
7-nerved, hispid at least toward the summit, or sometimes hispidulous only, rarely 
glabrous, sometimes obscurely reticulate; fruit 2.2 to 3 mm. long, obovate, obtuse. 

This species varies much in size and habit. The Florida specimens are more robust 
than many of those from the West Indies, including the type specimen. There ap- 
pears, however, to be no characters by which these can be separated. Some of the 
Cuban specimens, such as Curtiss 748, are equally robust. In a specimen from St. 
Croix, Eggers in 1876, the spikelets are strongly papillose-hispid. 


@Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 169. 1829. 


44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist open ground, Florida and the West Indies, often a weed in pastures and culti- 
vated fields. It has been collected as a ballast plant by Mohr at Mobile, Alabama, by 
Scribner at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and by Martindale at Camden, New Jersey. 

Froripa: St. Augustine, Curtiss 6705, Kearney 176, Ricker 952; Sanibal Island, 
Simpson 292; Marco, Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 485; Miami, Chase 3851, Hitchcock 
650; Sand Key, Curtiss 3606**; 
Key West, Curtiss 5431, Hitch- 
cock 611, 618, 620; without lo- 
cality Chapman. | 

ALABAMA: Mobile, on ballast, Mohr 
in 1891. 

BaHAMAS: Nassau, Curtiss 113. 

Cuspa: Habana, Curtiss 748, Leon 
291, 570; Santiago de las Vegas, 
Baker & Wilson 512, Hitchcock 
147, 148, Tracy 9109; Triscor- 
nia, Hitchcock 159; Cabanas, 
Palmer & Riley 746,771; Her- 
radura, Tracy 9102; Sancti Spiritus, Leén 925; Guines, Ledén 924; without 
locality, Wright 3869. 

JAmAIcA: Without locality, March (Gray Herb.). 

Porto Rico: Between Coamo and Aibonito, Sintenis 1957. 

DanisH West Inp1ikEs: St. Croix, Hggers in 1876, Ricksecker 66, 384. 

LEEWARD IsLANDS: Guadeloupe, Duss 3180. 


Fig. 25.—Distribution of P. adspersum. 


PaNicuM RAMOSUM L. Mant. Pl. 1: 29. 1767, an Asiatic species of this group and 
somewhat resembling P. adspersum, but with smaller spikelets, having a finely trans- 
versely rugose sterile lemma, in appearance much like the fertile lemma, was collected 
on ballast, at Mobile, Ala., Sept. 16, 1891, by Dr. Charles Mohr. This is the specimen 
referred by Scribner @ to P. chartaginense. 


14. Panicum arizonicum Scribn. & Merr. 


Panicum dissitiflorum Vasey in 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 80.1889. This 
is listed without description, Palmer’s numbers 159 and 190, Guaymas, Mexico, 
being cited. Two species were distributed under Palmer 159, P. arizonicum and P. 
fasciculatum chartaginense, a speci- 
men of each of which is on the sheet 
of no. 159 which was in the National 
Herbarium in the time of Doctor 
Vasey. The plant of P. arizonicum 
is taken as the type, since other 
specimens of this species are named 
P. dissityflorum in Vasey’s writing. 

Panicum fuscum major[us] Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 
8: 26. 1889. ‘Mexico (Dr. E. 
Palmer).’’ The type, in the Na- 
tional Herbarium, is from south- 
western Chihuahua, collected Au- 
gust to November, 1885, no. 1 b. 
It is a robust specimen, 60 cm. 
high, lacking the base, the blades as much as 15 cm. long and 15 mm. wide, the large 
panicle 15 cm. long, the sheaths and under surface of the blades papillose-hispid. 


Fig. 26.—P, arizonicum. From type specimen of P. 
dissitiflorum Vasey. 


a@U.S8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 4. 1901. 


ee ae 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 45 


Panicum arizonicum Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 2. 
1901. Based on ‘‘(Panicum (sine nomine) Scribn. Bul. Torr. Bot. Club, 9: 76. 1882; 
P. fasciculatum dissitiflorum Vasey, in herb. Not P. dissitiflorum Steud. 1841).” 
The authors also cite, ‘‘Type specimen collected on mesas near Camp Lowell, Santa 
Cruz Valley, Arizona, 465 C. G. Pringle, 1881.’’ As indicated above this species 
was first mentioned as ‘“‘ Panicum (Virgaria) sp.’’ where the specimen referred to is 
Pringle 465. The same specimen, which is in the National Herbarium, was marked 
by Doctor Vasey, ‘‘ Panicum fasciculatum var. dissitiflorum,’’ and later by Scribnerand 
Merrill as the type of P. arizonicum. It is about 60 cm. high, but more slender than 
Palmer’s specimen mentioned above; the sheaths and blades bear only a few scattered 
papille, mostly without hairs. 

Panicum fasciculatum dissitiflorum Vasey; Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. 
Agrost. Cire. 32: 2.1901. This herbarium name is given as a synonym of P. 
arizonicum of which it is a typonym. 

Panicum arizonicum tenue Scribn. & Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. ae Circ. 32: 
3.1901. ‘‘Type specimen collected at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, by T. E. Wilcox in 
1894.’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is the small form common in sterile 
soil. The largest specimen is 17cm. high. Some of the sheaths are sparsely papillose- 
hispid, some glabrous. 

Panicum arizonicum laeviglume Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 
32:3.1901. ‘‘Type specimen collected at Mescal, Arizona, 1810 David Griffiths, 
October, 1900.”’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is a plant about 20 cm. high, 
with glabrous spikelets and glabrous to sparsely papillose-hispid sheaths. 

Panicum arizonicum major[us] Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 
32: 3.1901. Based on P. fuscum majus Vasey. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect or ascending, sometimes decumbent at base and rooting at the lower 
nodes, branching at the base and lower nodes; culms 20 to 60 cm. high, glabrous except 
below the panicle, the nodes sometimes slightly pubescent; sheaths shorter than the 
internodes or the upper often overlapping, rather loose, glabrous to strongiy papillose- 
hispid; ligule a ring of hairs about 1 mm. long; blades rather thin, ascending or 
spreading, 5 to 15 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, rounded at base, glabrous on both 
surfaces, or scabrous to papillose-hispid beneath, the scabrous, thin, cartilaginous 
margin usually papillose-ciliate at base; panicles usually long-exserted, 7 to 20 cm. 
long, the solitary, ascending, slender branches loosely flowered, the spikelets borne on 
very short, appressed branchlets, the pedicels and axes of branchlets, branches, and 
the entire panicle finely pubescent and also copiously papillose-hirsute; spikelets 3.5 
to 3.8 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, abruptly pointed, attenuate at base asin P. molle, 
densely hirsute to glabrous; first glume clasping, half the length of the spikelet, acute, 
5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma pointed beyond the fruit, 5-nerved, the 
nerves sometimes anastomosing as in P. molle; fruit 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.6 
mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, apiculate. 

This species is variable in size and in the amount of pubescence. In cultivated or 
moist soil it isrobust as in the type of the species or of Scribner and Merrill’s subspecies 
majus. 'The commoner form is smaller, more like the type of Scribner and Merrill’s sub- 
species tenue. The form separated by Scribner and Merrill as subspecies laeviglume, 
because of the glabrous spikelets, appears to have no other distinguishing characters. 
The following specimens are this form, though in some cases the spikelets are sparsely 
pubescent or some of the spikelets are glabrous and some are pubescent: Canby 8, 
Griffiths 1913, 6152, 6168, 6929, 6938, 6939, 6990, Griffiths & Thornber 75, 230, 239, 
Merton 1694, Metcalfe 768, Pringle 487, Smith in 1896, Wilcox in 1894. 


46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open sandy or stony ground, western Texas to southern California and northern 
Mexico. 


Texas: El Paso, Jones in 1884; Presidio County, Nealley in 1892. 

New Mexico: Mangas, Smith in 
1896, Metcalfe in 1897; Las 
Cruces, Griffiths 7399 in part; 
Mogolion Mountains, Metcaife 
768; Sierra County, Metcalfe 
1294. 

Arizona: Tucson Mountains, Grif- 
jiths 6152, 6938, 6939; Tucson, 
Griffiths 1596, 3356, 6168, 6737, 
7017, Mitchcock 3482; Santa 
Rita Mountains, Griffiths 5981, 
6894, 6990, Griffiths & Thornber Fic. 27.—Distribution of P. arizonicum. 

75, 230, 239; Santa Catalina 

Mountains, Griffiths 7143, 7148, Lemmon 3062; Sasabe, Griffiths 6929; Bowie, 
Toumey in 1896; Lowell, Pringle 465; Mescal, Griffiths 1810; Fort Huachuca, 
Wilcox in 1894; Patagonia, Hitchcock 3695; Bisbee, Mearns 1072; San Pedro 
River, Merton 1694; Cochise, Griffiths 1913; without locality, Lemmon 353. 

CALIFORNIA: Jamacha, Canby 8 in 1894. 

Mexico: San José del Cabo, Brandegee 18 in 1890; south of Nogales, Hitchcock 3637 ; 
Arroyo San Lazaro, Brandegee in 1902; Guaymas, Hitchcock 3562, Palmer 159 in 
1887 in part; Hermosillo, Hitchcock 3542; Nogales, Griffiths 6747, 6759; Loquka, 
[Lacuca?] Sonora, Griffiths 6891; Topolobampo, Palmer 250 in 1897; State of 
Chihuahua, Palmer 1 b in 1885, Pringle 487; State of Durango, Rose 2280. 


15. Panicum texanum Buckl. 


Panicum texanum Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 3. 1866. ‘‘Austin, 
Texas.”” The type specimen, in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy, consists 
of two overmature plants lacking the base. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect or ascending, often decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, branching 
from the base and com- 
monly from the lower 
and middle nodes; culms 
stout, 50 to 150 cm. high, 
or in robust specimens as 
much as 3 meters high, 
softly pubescent at least 
below the nodes and be- 
low the panicles; sheaths 
softly pubescent, often 
papillose; densely ciliate, 
the lower shorter than the 
internodes, the upper usu- 
ally overlapping; ligules } 
about 1 mm. long; blades 
ascending or spreading, 8 
to 20 cm. long, 7 to 15mm. 
Fig. 28.—P, texanwm. From type specimen. wide, rounded at the base, 
softly pubescent on both 
surfaces, often finely papillose, panicles finally exserted, 8 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 47 


wide, the main axis much exceeding the erect branches, the axes densely clothed with 
short pubescence hayéng long, stiff hairs intermixed, the short-pediceled spikelets 
somewhat crowded; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, fusiform, pointed, 
short-attenuate at base, pilose; first 
glume clasping, more than half the 
length of the spikelet, acute, 3 to 5- 
nerved; second glume and sterile lemma 
exceeding the fruit, 5-nerved, often 
obscurely reticulate; fruit 3.7 to 3.8 
mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, elliptic, 
apiculate. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies and open ground, especially 
on low land along streams, often a weed 
in waste ground and cultivated fields, - Fig. 29.—Distribution of P. teranum. 

Texas and northern Mexico. 

This is sparingly cultivated under the name of Colorado grass. 

Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1226 in Curtiss N. Amer. Pl. 3607A; Corsicana, Rever- 
chon 2228; Pierce, Tracy 7748; Victoria, Plank 73; Austin, Plank 31; Har- 
vester, Thurow in 1898; Wallisville, Wallis in 1880; Goliad County, Zea in 
1874; San Antonio, Bush 1198, Havard in 1882; Corpus Christi, Hitchcock 163. 

Mexico: Monterey, Hitchcock 5540. 


Dichotomifiora.—Annual plants with smooth culms, mostly large, spreading pani- 
cles, the branchlets short and appressed along the ascending or rarely spread- 
ing main branches; ligule membranaceous below, densely ciliate above, 1 to 
3 mm. long; spikelets glabrous, narrow, acute or acuminate, 2 to 5 mm. long, 
the first glume one-fifth to one-fourth as long, truncate or with a broadly trian- 
gular tip; fruit smooth and shining. ? 


Eaueies marrow, less tham |. em. wide........-:..--.-------- 16. P. vaseyanum. 
Panicles open, the branches usually ascending. 
Fruit acuminate; culms with a long, rooting base... --.... 19. P. elephantipes. 
Fruit not acuminate. 
pion apillase-WaapId.. 2). sa meet ccc 2-52-42 18. P. bartowense. 
OPN ARABI IED Bs a wo gag ok ee ey oie eles 3 22 17. P. dichotomiflorum. 


16. Panicum vaseyanum Scribn. 


Panicum vaseyanum Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:140. 1896. The only speci- 
men cited is ‘“Mexico, Pringle 1415.” The type specimen, in the National Herba- 

rium, was collected in the State of Chihuahua, in 

‘Wet places, pine plains, base of Sierra Madre,’’ Sep- 
‘ tember 30, 1887, by C. G. Pringle. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants spreading, branching at base and at the lower 
and middle nodes, glabrous throughout; culms 50 to 
70 cm. long, somewhat compressed; sheaths shorter 
than the elongated internodes; ligules 1 to 2 mm. long; 
blades 5 to 20 cm. long, 3 to7 mm. wide, linear, scarcely 
narrowed at the folded or enveloping base; panicles 
terminal and from the axils of the upper leaves of the 
main culms and large branches, narrow, 4 to 7 cm. long, less than 1 cm. wide, partially 
included, equaled or exceeded by the erect uppermost blade; spikelets short-pediceled, 
narrowly ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.2 mm. wide, subacute; first glume about one- 


Fig. 30.—P. vaseyanum. From type 
specimen. 


é 


48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


fifth the length of the spikelet, truncate or obtuse; second glume slightly shorter 
than the sterile lemma, both 7-nerved, palea of the sterile floret obsolete; fruit 2.1 
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, apiculate. 

This very distinct species is known from a single collection only, that distributed by 
Pringle, mentioned above. 


17. Panicum dichotomifiorum Michx. 


Panicum miliaceum Walt. Fl. Carol. 72. 1788, not L. 1753. Since Walter does not 
give Linnzeus as authority nor use his diagnosis, this is evidently intended as a new 
species. No specimen of this is found in Walter’s herbarium,¢ but the description 
indicates P. dichotomiflorum, which, together with Walter’s name, Elliott® refers 
to P. geniculatum Muhl. 

Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 48. 1803. ‘‘ Hap. in occi- 
dentalibus montium Alleghanis.’’ The type isin the herbarium of Drake de Castillo. 
It was sent by Richard, having been collected by Michaux ‘‘ad occidentum montium 
Alleghanis.’’ The specimen of this in the Michaux Herbarium is labeled ‘‘in regione 
Illincensium.’’ Both of these specimens are the common glabrous form of the United 
States as represented by Chase in Kneucker, Gram. Exs. no. 546. 

Panicum geniculatum Muhl. Cat. Pl. 9.1813. Based on P. dichotomiflorum Michx. 
The specimen in the Muhlenberg Herbarium is in folio 181, marked ‘‘Panicum 
geniculatum (dichotomiflorum) M. 114.” 

Panicum aquaticum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 281. 1816. ‘‘Cette plante 
croit & Porto-Ricco; elle m’a été communiquée par M. Ledru.’’ The type, in the 
Cosson Herbarium, is from Porto Rico. In the description the species is compared 
to P. melicarium Michx., and the label of the type bears the abbreviated statement» 
“aff. P. melicario Mich.’ In the Desvaux Herbarium there is a similar specimen 
from the Antilles, labeled ‘“‘P. aquaticum Desv. in Poir. Enc. Suppl.” In both 
specimens the spikelets are nearly 3 mm. long as in Wright 3861. In the original 
publication there is no indication that Desvaux is the author of the species. This 
name was erroneously referred by Hitchcock é¢ to P. elephantipes. The fruit is not 
acuminate as in that species 

Panicum multiflorum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816. ‘‘Cette plante 
croit 4 la Caroline; elle m’a été communiquée par M. Bosc.’”’ We take the specimen 
labeled ‘‘bosc. caroline,’’ in the Cosson Herbarium, to be the type. Another specimen 
of the same collection is in the Desfontaines Herbarium. It is labeled, ‘‘Am. Sept. 
Bosc,’’ and also ‘‘Panicum brachiatum Bosc.’’ These are the typical form. 

Panicum brachiatum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 321. 1825, not Poir. 1816. The 
locality given by Sprengel is ‘“‘Ins. Bermud.’’ As indicated above, the specimen of 
P. multiflorum from Bosc is labeled P. brachiatum Bosc. ‘There is also in the Delessert 
Herbarium a specimen so labeled, collected in South Carolina by Bosc. We have 
seen no specimen of Bosc’s from the Bermudas, the published locality, and we 
find no record that Bose visited the Bermudas. The meager description applies 
to P: dichotomiflorum. 

Panicum chloroticum Nees; Trin. Gram. Pan. 236. 1826. Trinius describes a variety — 
‘‘a (agreste N. ab Es.)’’ which is the equivalent of the species, and “‘P (sylvestre 
N. ab Es.),”’ both from Brazil, ‘‘V.<‘utriusque spp. Brasil (N. aB Esens. Lanes- 
porFF).”’ The latter differs in having a more open panicle, larger spikelets, and 
narrower leaves. Nees@ described the same species later, with three varieties, 


a For an account of Walter’s grasses see Hitchcock, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 31-56. 
1905. 

6 Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 117. 1816. 

ceContr. Nat. Herb. 12: 218. 1909. 

@ Agrost. Bras. 164. 1829. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 49 


aagreste, the equivalent of the species, ‘‘ Habitat in graminosis cultis prope Soteropo- 
lin et Oeiras provinciae Bahiensis et Piauhiensis;’’ @ sylvesire, ‘‘ Habitat in sylvis ad 
Almada, Ferradas et “in via Felisbertia dicen Insulanorum prov. Bahiensis, 
(Martius et Maximil. Princ. Neovid.);” 7 pingue, ‘‘ Habitat in cultis ad Soteropolin, 
provinciae Bahiensis.’? Specimens of none of these could be found in the Trinius , 
Herbarium, and therefore the specimens described by Nees, which are in the Munich 
Herbarium, may be considered the types. These are ali labeled with the published 
data as given above. The types of agreste and pingue are similar, having broad blades 
and rather dense panicles of small spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long as in Chase 4234 from 
Florida and Morong 543 from Paraguay. The type of variety sylvestre differs in having 
narrow and shorter blades, smaller, more open panicle, and larger spikelets about 3 mm. 
long as in Riedel 959 from Brazil. This form may prove to bea distinct species. None 
of the specimens shows the base of the plant. Kunth erroneously refers variety 
sylvestre to Panicum brachiatum Poir., which is a species of Chaetochloa. 

Panicum elliottti Trin.; Nees, Bo rost: Bras. 170. 1829. ‘This is mentioned as a syn- 
onym under P. prclerun Lam. which latter name Nees applies to P. dichotomeflorum 
Michx. The type was not found in the Trinius Herbarium nor at Munich. 

Panicum retrofractum Delile; Desv. Opusc. 96. 1831. Desvaux gives no locality 
other than ‘‘America borealis.’? The type, in the Jussieu Herbarium, is from 
“‘Caroline,’’ and is the typical form. 

Panicum hygrophilum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:71. 1854. ‘‘Bahia.’”? In 
the National Herbarium is a specimen labeled P. hygrophilum Salzm. from Bahia, 
which agrees with Nees’s variety sylvestre. There is a specimen of the same in Van 
Heurck’s herbarium, where is located the original set of Salzmann, and duplicates in 
Hackel’s and other European herbaria, but we do not know which specimen was seen 
by Steudel. 

Panicum proliferum pilosum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. ‘‘Wrfight] a. 1865, 
ad lagunas.’’ The type, in the Grisebach Herbarium, is labeled, ‘‘ Around lagunas 
- in wet or damp ground, Hanabana,’’ no. 186. This is a small plant with spreading or 
decumbent culms, papillose-hispid sheaths and blades villous above. Nash’s no. 567 
from Eustis, Florida, is similar to this but has somewhat larger spikelets. 

Panicum proliferum strictum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. ‘‘Wr[ight] 3456.”’ 
The type, Wright’s no. 3456 from Cuba, is in the Grisebach Herbarium. sue spikelets 
are about 3 mm. long, the sheaths smooth, the blades villous above. 

Panicum proliferum geniculatum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 392. 1874. This is probably 
based on P. geniculatum Ell., though that name is not mentioned; no locality nor 
specimen is cited. Vasey® makes the same combination, basing it upon P. genicu- 
latum Ell. 

Panicum amplectans Chapm. Bot. Gaz. 3: 20. 1878. ‘‘South Florida.’’ The type, 
in the Chapman Herbarium at Biltmore, was collected by Blodgett. 

Panicum francavillanum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25.1886. ‘‘Tacabaya (ScHAFFN[ER] 


@Bnum. Pl. 1: 155. 1833. 

6 Grasses U.S. 12. 1883. 

¢ The date given on the title-page of this work is 1886. A set of proof sheets was 
supplied to Bentham in 1880 and is referred to by the latter author in his paper, 
Notes on Gramineae, read November 3, 1881, and published in the Journal of the 
Linnaean Society (Botany 19: 14-134. 1881). Fournier’s names are also cited by 
Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer. 3: 1885), to which work they are referred by the Index 
Kewensis, but the names are there usually nomina nuda. The proof sheets mentioned 
above are in the library at Kew, marked, ‘‘Proof sheets of Mr. Fournier Gramineae, 
1881. From Mr. Bentham.’”’ They are stamped, ‘“‘lre Epreuve 18 Mai 1880.’’ Ben- 
tham says of these (Notes on Gramineae, p. 20), ‘‘Eugéne Fournier’s ‘Enumeration of 


41616°—vo1t 15—10——-4 


50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


n.301).’’ The type is in the herbarium of Drake de Castillo. The name was earlier 
mentioned by Hemsley. 

Panicum proliferum chloroticum Hack. in Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 7: 343. 1909. 
Based on P. chloroticum Nees. itd 

This species was referred by Pursh,? as it has been by most later authors, to P. 
proliferum Lam. The latter is, however, the same as P. miliare Lam., an Old World 
species. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Plants usually freely branching, ascending or spreading from a geniculate base, or 
sometimes erect, usually smooth throughout, or, in tropical forms, more or less pubes- 
cent; culms somewhat compressed, often thick and succulent, drying furrowed, 
usually 50 to 100 cm. long, in robust specimens as much as 2 meters long, the nodes 
smooth, at least the lower swollen; sheaths often com- 
pressed, usually longer than the internodes, ciliate on the 
margin toward the summit; ligules 1 to 2mm. long; blades 
flat or in small specimens sometimes folded, glabrous or 
sparsely pilose above, 10 to 50 cm. long, 3 to 20 mm. wide, 
at base about as wide as sheath, the white midnerve usu- 
ally prominent; panicles terminal and axillary, included 
at base or tardily short-exserted, many-flowered, 10 to 40 
cm. long or more, the main branches ascending, or finally 
spreading or even reflexed, the short branchlets appressed, 

“m- bearing short-pediceled, often rather crowded spikelets, 

From specimen of #. genic +e axes angled and scabrous: spikelets narrowly oblong- 

latum Muhl. in Elliott Her- i ’ 

pariuan, ovate, 2 to 3.2 mm., usually about 2.5 mm. long, about 0.9 

mm. wide, acute, often greenish purple; first glume one- 
fifth to one-fourth the length of the spikelet, truncate or broadly triangular; second 
glume and sterile lemma more or less pointed beyond the fruit, rather faintly 7-nerved, 
the palea of the sterile floret present or wanting; fruit 1.8 to2 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. 
wide, elliptic. 

This species as it occurs in the United States is usually glabrous throughout but 
varies much in the size of the blades and of the spikelets, the latter varying from 2 to 
3.2 mm. in length. Not uncommonly specimens occur with the upper surface of 
some or all of the blades sparsely or even densely pilose, such as: CONNECTICUT, 
Wilson 1248; New Yorx, Young in 1872; PENNsYLVANIA, Heller in 1900; DELAWARE, 
Commons 230; Kansas, Carleton in 1892; Fiuormpa, Chase 4294, Combs 94, 1251. One 
series of specimens from Florida, Nash 567,¢ is low, 20 to 30 cm. high, with narrow 
blades pubescent above, and papillose-hispid sheaths. Nash’s no. 372 from the same 
locality is glabrous throughout, except the ciliate margin of the sheaths, but otherwise 
is the same as his no. 567. Two Cuban specimens, Hitchcock 149 and Wright 3860, are 
like Nash’s no. 567. Many of the West Indian specimens have blades pilose above, 
some of which have spikelets about 2 mm. long and others about 3 mm. long. Such 
are: Brace 3742, Britton & Cowell 432, Curtiss 177, Duss 3178, Eggers 4405, 4512, Geogr. 
Soc. Baltimore 489, Hitchcock 150, Wright 3861. The South American specimens cited 
are glabrous. Those from Arechavaleta and Morong 543 have small spikelets as in the 


Fig. 31.—P. dichotomifiorum. 


Mexican Gramineae’ is not yet published; but being already printed off and M. 
Fournier having obligingly supplied me with a copy, I feel bound in so far as I am con- 
cerned, to treat it as having already taken date.’? The Kew copy ends with page 150 
and lacks index, title-page, and plates. 

a4 Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 489. 1885. 

6 Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 68. 1814. 

¢ This number was distributed under an unpublished varietal name, 


3 
7 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. ol 
type of P. chloroticum, while Morong 1002 and Riedel 959 have spikelets 3 mm. long, 
as in the type of P. chloroticum B sylvestre. 

These different variations in pubescence, size of spikelet, and habit can not be in 
any way correlated and each is connected by intergrading specimens with the typical 
form. Nor has any variation a separate geographical range, though specimens with . 
pilose blades are commoner in the West Indies than elsewhere. 

The specimens cited below from Brazil have larger spikelets. They belong to the 
form mentioned above under P. chloroticum as variety sylvestre. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist ground, along streams, and a weed in waste places and cultivated soil, Maine 
to Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas; also in California, Mexico, the West In- 
dies, and South America to Uruguay. 


Marne: North Berwick, Parlin in 1891 (Gray Herb.). 

MASSACHUSETTS: Chmibritie, Morong in 1876; Newburyport, Leavitt & Eaton in 
1902; Plymouth, Oakes. 

Connecticut: Stamford, Driggs 8; South Glastonbury, Wilson 1248; Bridgeport, 
Eames in 1895. 

New York: Northville, Young in 1872 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

New Jersey: Clifton, Nash in 1891; Weehauken, Van Sickle in 1895; Freehold, 
Pearce in 1884. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895; Chambersburg, Porter in 1898; West- 
moreland County, Pierron in 1877; Lancaster County, Heller in 1900. 

Outro: Niles, Ingraham in 1891; Sheffield, Ricksecker in 1894. 

Inprana: Wells County, Deam in 1903; Lafayette, Dorner 23, 86. 

Iuurnors: Chicago, Moffatt 374, Umbach in 1896; Pine Rock, Waite in 1885; 
Peoria, Brendel, McDonald 71; St. Clair County, Eggert 110. 

Iowa: Mount Pleasant, Mills in 1894; Jefferson, Wilcox 27; Manchester, Ball 39; 
Murray, Morris A 287; Fayette County, Fink 409. 

Nesraska: Talmage, Elmore 71; without locality, Holmes in 1889. 

Missouri: Courtney, Bush 10 in 1892. 

Kansas: Topeka, Smyth 331; Riley County, Hitchcock 3838, Norton 567, Carleton 
in 1892. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons 
229, 230, Canby in 1896. 

MARYLAND: Garrett County, Smith 
in 1879. 

District oF CoLuMBIA: Chase in 
Kneucker Gram. Exs. 546, 
McCarthy in 1886, Pollard 682, 
Steele in 1896, Vasey in 1887, 
Ward in 1876, Williams in 1896. 

Vireiia: Virginia Beach, Hitch- 
cock 217; Gravelly Run, Ward FiG. 32.—Distribution of P. dichotomiflorum. 
in 1886. | 

West Virernis: Aurora, Steele in 1898; Tygarts Valley, Smith in 1879. 

NortH Carona: Chapel Hill, Ashe; West Raleigh, Stanton 1280; Biltmore, 
Biltmore Herb. 702a; Magnetic City, Wetherby 19. 

Sout Caroiina: Lexington, Corley in 1879; St. Helena Island, Cuthbert in 1904. 

Georaia: Dalton, Harper 382; Augusta, Kearney 208. 

- Frorrpa: Duval County, Fredholm 395; Lake City, Chase 4234, Combs 94; Eustis, 
Nash 372, 567, 874; Crystal, Combs 990; Manatee, Chapman, Combs 1251. 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 374. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 71; Cocke County, Kearney 966; Nashville, Gat- 
tinger in 1879, 


52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1878; Deatsville, Pollard & Mazon 307. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Kearney 9, 18; Nicholson, Kearney 372 in part; Biloxi, 
Tracy 4618, 6507; Mississippi City, Tracy 77. ; . 

LoursiANA: Calhoun, Ball 67; McCall, Combs 1436; Burnside, Combs 1419; 
Coushatta, Ball 135; Natchitoches, Ball 139, 164; Rayville, Ball 31, 24; 
Oberlin, Ball 215, 229; South Pass, Tracy & Lloyd 471; Baton Rouge, Joor 
25; Lake Charles, Chase 4392; without locality, Langlois 29. 

Texas: Houston, Hall 817; Waller County, Thurow in 1898 and 1903; Texarkana, 
Heller 4210, 4246; Clarksville, Plank 8; Llano, Plank 18 in part; Kerrville, 
Heller 1883 in part; Santa Maria, Nealley in 1889; without locality, Joor, 
Nealley in 1886. 

OxLAHOMA: False Washita, Palmer 375 in 1868. 

New Mexico: Las Cruces, Plank.29. 

CALIFORNIA: Fresno, Biolett: 140. 

Mexico: Head of Mazatlan River, Wright 1317 (Gray Herb.). 

Bermupas: Hamilton, Millspaugh Pl. Utow. 126. 

BanaAmAs: Hog Island, Eggers 4405, 4512; Nassau, Curtiss 177; Cat Cay, Brace 
3742; Watlings, Geogr. Soc. Baltimore 489. 

’ Cusa: Herradura, Tracy 9055, 9342; Santiago de las Vegas, Hitchcock 151; Bata- 
bano, Hitchcock 150; Guanabacoa, Leon 919; without locality, Wright 3456, 
3860 in part, 3861. 

Porto Rico: Utuado, Britton & Cowell 432. 

LEEWARD IsLaAnpDs: Guadeloupe, Duss 3178. 

Braziu: Bahia, Salzmann; without locality, Riedel 959. 

Paraauay: Morong 543, 1002 in part. 

Urueuay: Montevideo, Arechavaleta. 


18. Panicum bartowense Scribn. & Merr. 


Panicum bartowense Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 35: 3. 
1901. ‘‘Type specimen collected in wet, reclaimed swamps at Bartow; Polk County, 
Fla. No. 1220, Robert Combs, September 29, 1898.’’ 
The type, in the National Herbarium, is an erect, sim- 
ple plant about 1.75 meters high, with conspicuously 
hispid sheaths and nearly glabrous blades, the spikelets 
about 2.5 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants simple or sparingly branching, as much as 2 
meters high, erect; culms glabrous, the larger as much 
as 7 mm. thick; sheaths mostly longer than the inter- 
nodes, papillose-hispid; ligules 2 to 3 mm. long, the 
cilize more or less segregated in tufts; blades 15 to 40 cm. 
long, 5 to 13 mm. wide, glabrous or more or less pilose above, rarely sparsely hispid 
beneath, rather prominently papillose on the margin near the round but scarcely 
cordate base; panicles large and finally loosely spreading, 15 to 60 cm. long, the 
branches at first ascending, finally spreading, the short branchlets and short-pediceled 
spikelets appressed as in P. dichotomiflorum, spikelets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, the glumes 
and fruit as in P. dichotomiflorum. 

This species is closely allied to P. dichotomiflorum, and may be only an extreme 
form of that species. As limited here, it differs in having tall, erect, simple, or 
nearly simple culms and papillose-hispid sheaths. The blades are usually pilose 
above, though the type specimen has nearly glabrous blades, but this is the case 


Fig. 33.—P. bartowense. From 
type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 53 


with some of the specimens referred to P. dichotomiflorum. A few specimens men- 
tioned under the latter species have papillose-hispid sheaths, but are low branching 
plants with the habit of that species 
rather than of P.bartowense. Although 
most of the specimens cited below are 
erect and simple, one, Chase 3850, is 
much branched and spreading at the 
base like P. dichotomiflorum, and it is 
possible that the erect, simple habit 
has no special significance as a specific 
character. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low ground, often growing in shallow Fig. 34.—Distribution of P. bartowense. 
water, Florida and the Bahamas. 

Fiorina: Homosassa, Combs 971; Titusville, Chase 4007; Manatee, Tracy 6691; 
Braidentown, Tracy 7738; Palma Sola, Tracy 7740; Bartow, Combs 1220; 
Myers, Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 483; Palm Beach, Curtiss 5386; Little River, 
Eaton 467; Miami, Chase 3850, Eaton 164 in part, Hitchcock 648, 658, 697; 
without locality, Simpson in 1889. 

BaHAmAs: Great Bahama, Britton & Millspaugh 2706; North Bimini, Brace 3467 
(all in Field Mus. Herb.). 


19. Panicum elephantipes Nees. 


Panicum elephantipes Nees, Agrost. Bras. 165. 1829. ‘‘ Habitat in sylvis udis 
archipelagi Paraénsis.’’ The type, in the Munich Herbarium, labeled as above, 
consists of a large detached panicle, a leaf, and a few inches of a culm. 

Panicum fistulosum Hochst.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 71. 1854. The locality 
mentioned is, ‘‘Surinam” and the specimen cited is 
‘‘Arbr. Kappler nr. 1434.’’ A specimen of Kappler 
1434 was examined at the Florence Herbarium and 
another at Stockholm. As no specimen of this num- 
ber was found among the Steudel plants at Paris, we 
are unable to locate the type. 

In India is found a similar species, described in 
Hooker’s Flora of India@ as P. proliferum (P. palu- 
dosum Roxb.) which, judging from the specimens in 
the U. S. National Herbarium, is a smaller plant, 
with small, tardily exserted panicles 10 to 15 cm. 
long. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Culms ascending from a decumbent, often widely 
creeping base, rooting at the nodes, succulent, as 
much as 2 cm. thick, apparently a meter or more 
high, glabrous, the nodes glabrous, usually conspicu- 
ously dark colored; sheaths glabrous, longer than the 
internodes, loose, the lower often tesselated by cross partitions between the nerves; 
ligules about 3 mm. long; blades 15 to 50 cm. long, 7 to 20 mm. wide, glabrous beneath, 
pilose above, at least near the base; panicles large and open, as much as 40 cm. long, 


Fic. 35.—P. elephantipes. From 
type specimen. 


aFl. Brit. Ind. 7: 50. 1896. 


54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the short branchlets appressed along the ascending branches; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. 
long, lanceolate, acuminate; first glume one-fifth to one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet, subacute or obtuse, rarely pointed and one-third the length of the spikelet; 
second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 7 to 9-nerved, the palea of the sterile floret 
wanting; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, lanceolate, acuminate, the mar- 
gins of the lemma above the middle thin and not inrolled. 

This large, succulent, semi-aquatic, apparently annual species, often producing | 
dense masses of roots at the submerged nodes, is readily distinguished from P. dichoto- 
miflorum by the acuminate fruit. The Mexican specimens cited below have narrower 
blades than the others and none show the basal portion, but the floral characters agree 
with the type, except that the fruit is more turgid and less acuminate. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


In ponds and shallow water, West Indies and southern Mexico, south to Argentina. 
An introduced specimen was collected in North Carolina, ‘‘ Eastern part of state along 
seacoast,’’ by McCarthy in 1898. 

Mexico: Near Mexico City, Bourgeau 529, Pringle 6322,4 9577.4 

GuATEMALA: Alta Vera Paz, Goll 35A. 

Cusa: San Antonio, Hitchcock 152; Habana, Leén 335. 

Porto Rico: Fajardo, Sintenis 938. 

Paraauay: Morong 1002 in part. 

Urucuay: Montevideo, Arechavaleta in 1876, without locality, Arechavaleta in 
1892. 

ARGENTINA: Lagos de la Darsesso, Buenos Aires in 1892, name of collector not 
given. ‘ 


Capillaria.—Annuals; papillose-hispid at least on the sheaths, or rarely glabrous, 
ligules membranaceous, ciliate, 1 to 3 mm. long; panicles many-flowered; 
more or less diffuse, often breaking away at maturity and rolling before the 
wind; spikelets pointed, glabrous, the first glume large and clasping, the 
fruit often falling from the spikelet before the disarticulation of the latter, 
smooth and shining, usually olive brown at maturity, the nerves showing as 
faint pale lines. 


- 


Panicles more or less drooping. 
Spikelets not over 3.5 mm. long; Mexican species... ... 28. P. sonorum. 
Spikelets 4.5 to 5 mm. long; introduced from Old World . 30. P. maliacewm. 
Panicles erect. 
Inflorescence elongated, composed of several approximate, 
twplicate pamrelest 10.00 70252 22. ee 31. P. cayennense. 
Inflorescence not composed of approximate nor implicate 
panicles. 
Panicles more than half the length of the entire plant. 
Panicles narrow, usually less than half as broad 
as Tome ce A ey a8 Sern yeiae ee eee ge eee 20. P. flexile. 
Panicle as broad as long. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.2, rarely 2.6 mm. long; 
blades not crowded toward the base. 23. P. capillare. 
Spikelets 3 to 3.3, rarely only 2.5 mm. long; 
blades usually crowded toward the 
ASCE pe 0 Me Uke 8) 9 Sa ee pee 24. P. barbipulvinatum. 


a'These numbers were distributed as a variety of P. proliferum Lam., the varietal 
name being unpublished. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE——-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 55d 


Panicles not more than one-third the entire height of 


the plant. 
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, acute but not long- 
acuminate. 
Culms stout; blades about 1 cm. wide; 
Sie UT ONS 25 i222 ee es eS 21. P. gattingert. 
Culms slender; blades not over 6 mm. wide; 
spikelets not turoids. .cc0s-iacae-.--- 22. P. philadelphicum. 


Spikelets 2.7 to 6 mm. long, acuminate. 
First glume about one-third the length of the 
spikelet, subacute or blunt..........- 27. P. stramineum. 
First glume usually more than half the 
length of the spikelet, acuminate. 
Spikelets 4.5 to 6 mm. long. 
Spikelets 6 mm. long, scattered... 29. P. parcum. 
Spikelets scarcely over 5 mm. 
long, approximate........- 26A. P. decolorans. 
Spikelets not over 4 mm. long. 
First glume more than three-fourths 
the length of the spikelet; 
spikelets 4 mm. long........ 26. P. pampinosum. 
First glume half to two-thirds the 
length of the spikelet; spike- 
lets not over 3.3 mm. long... 25. P. hirticaule. 


20. Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. 


Panicum capillare flecile Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 94.1887. ‘‘Characteristic of the cedar 
glades.’’ In the Gattinger Herbarium are two specimens labeled ‘‘Panicum capillare 
L. var. flewile Gattinger” in Gattinger’s hand. The larger specimen is chosen as the 
type. This is labeled ‘‘Cedar glade near Nashville, Sept. ’88. A. Gattinger.’’ 

Pamcum flexile Scribn. in Kearney, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 476. 1893. Based on 
P. capillare flexile Gattinger. 

Pancum minus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421. 1895. Based on ‘‘Panicum 
capillare var. minus Muhl.,’’ though Nash’s description applies to P. philadelphicum. 

Scribner and Merrill ¢ appled to this species the name P. philadelphicum Bernh., 
but this name belongs to a different species. Muhlenberg ® describes P. flexile as a 
variety of P. capillare, but without giving a varietal name, saying, ‘‘ Varietas minor 
occurrit ubique in cultis magis aridis,’’ and following this by a description. This 
specimen in the Muhlenberg Herbarium is labeled, ‘‘183 Panicum capillare var. 
minor.”’ 

Pursh ¢ describes P. flexile under the name of P. diffusum Swartz. It was also 
described by Trinius 4 as P. capillare B Panicula depauperata. 


DESCRIPTION, 


Plants erect, much branched from the base, 20 to 70 cm. high; culms slender, 
glabrous, or somewhat hispid below, nodes pubescent; sheaths papillose-hispid, the 
hairs shorter than in P. capillare; blades erect but not stiff, glabrous or sparsely hispid, 


2U.8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 3. 1900. A discussion of ‘‘The grasses in 
the Herbarium of Dr. H. Muhlenberg.”’ 

6 Descr. Gram. 124. 1817. 

ec Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 68. 1814. 

dGram. Pan. 215. 1826. See note under P. philadelphicum, p. 58. 


56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


as much as 30 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, rarely narrower; panicles rather few-flowered, 
oblong, narrow, 10 to 20 cm., rarely 30 cm. long, about 
one-third as wide, the branches at first narrowly ascend- 
ing, somewhat spreading at maturity, the peduncle of 
the panicle not brittle and readily breaking as in P. 
capillare; spikelets long-pediceled, 3.1 to 3.5 mm. long, 
0.9 to 1 mm. wide, lanceolate, acuminate; first glume 
about one-third the length of the spikelet; second glume 
shghtly longer than the sterile lemma, both 7 to 9-nerved, 
much exceeding the fruit, the palea of the sterile floret 

wanting; fruit 2mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 
This species is distinguished from P. capillare by the 
Fic. 36.—P. flerile. From type ™ore slender culms, less dense pubescence, narrower 
specimen. blades, the narrow, less diffuse panicles and the longer, 
acuminate spikelets; and from P. philadelphicum by 

the narrow panicle and larger, acuminate spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy, mostly damp soil, meadows and open woods, Ontario to South Dakota, south 
to Florida and Texas. 


Ontario: Sarnia, Dodge 128, 130, Macoun 26332; St. Clair River, Dodge 124; 
Birch Island, Macoun 26331; Point Edward, Macown 26330. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller 701, 4777, 4786, Porter in 1862, Small 
in 1890 and 1892. 

Onto: Erie County, Moseley in 1895; Columbus, Werner 6777. 

Inp1aAnaA: Clarke, Umbach in 1898. 

Inurnots: Chicago, Bebb 2928, Chase [ee 
1474, 1479, 1729, 2006, Aull in 
1901; Tne in 1893; Beach, 
Umbach 2543; St. Clair Onntean. 
Eggert 241. 

MicuicaNn: Port Huron, Dodge in 
1909; Orion, Farwell 893; Jack- 
son County, Wheeler in 1892. 

SoutH Daxorta: Stearns, Wallace 
46. 

Towa: Cedar Rapids, Pammel in Fig. 37.—Distribution of P. flezile. 

1889 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Missouri: Glenwood, Bush 3295; St. Louis, Eggert in 1875; Dodson, Bush 848; 
Eagle Rock, Bush 384; Noel, Bush 5259. 

District oF CotumBiA: Steele in 1896 and 1898. 

VirGiIniA: Four-Mile Run, Chase 5444. 

West VirGciniA: Peters Mountain, Steele 281. 

Fiorina: Without locality, Curtiss in 1886. 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 312. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Kearney in 1893, Ruth 66; Johnson City, Canby 221; 
Cocke County, Kearney 960; Nashville, Gattinger in Curtiss N. Amer. Pl. 
3581 J, 3582a, and J. 

ALABAMA: Monte Sano, Baker in 1897; Jackson County, Chase 4492. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Chase 4453, Kearney 72, 88 in part. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 12, 107; Fulton, Bush 906. 

Texas: Clarksville, Plank 6, 10 in part. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. Sy 


21. Panicum gattingeri Nash. 


Panicum capillare.campestre Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887, not P. campestre Nees, 
1826. No definite locality in Tennessée is given. In the Gattinger Herbarium are 
four specimens very much alike labeled ‘‘ Panicum 
capillare L. var. campestre Gattinger” in Gattinger’s’ 
hand. The specimen with the following data is chosen 
as the type: ‘‘Cedar glades near Nashville, Sept. A 
Gattinger.”’ | 

Panicum capillare geniculatum Scribn. in’ Kearney, 
Bull. Torrey Club 20: 447. 1893, not P. geniculatum 
Lam. 1798. ‘‘In the neighborhood of Wasiota,’’ [Bell 

a PP cueinyer. «From County, Kentucky]. No type is indicated. Kearney 

type specimen. (on page 479) lists numbers 317, 335, 378, 497 as P. 
capillare geniculatum. A sheet of Kearney’s no. 378, col- 

lected near Wasiota, Bell County, Kentucky, in 1893, in the National Herbarium, and 
evidently the only one of the cited series examined by Scribner, is taken as the type. 

Panicum capillare gattingert Nash in Britt. & Brown, Illust. Fl. 1: 123.1896. Based 
on P. capillare campestre Gattinger. 

Panicum gattingeri Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast U. S. 92 and 1327. 1903. Based 
on P. capillare campesire Gattinger. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants at first erect, but soon decumbent-spreading and rooting at the lower nodes, 
freely branching from the lower and middle nodes; culms papillose-hispid, in robust 
specimens as much as 1 meter in length; sheaths hispid like the culms; blades 10 to 20 
cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, narrow to a rounded base, more or less hispid on both 
surfaces or nearly glabrous; panicles numerous, terminating the culms and main 
branches and auxillary at most of the nodes, short-exserted or, especially the axillary, 
included at base, oval or elliptic in outline, the terminal 10 to 15 cm. long, two-thirds 
as wide, the lateral smaller, rather densely flowered, the branches ascending or tardily 
spreading; spikelets shorter-pediceled than in P. capillare and more turgid, 2 mm. 
long, 0.9 to 1 mm. wide, elliptic; first glume about two-fifths as long as the spikelet, 
acute or blunt; second glume and sterile lemma equal, 5-nerved, but slightly exceed- 
ing the fruit, the palea of the sterile floret wanting; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, 
elliptic. 

This species differs from P. capillare in the branching, spreading habit, and the 
numerous panicles, oval in outline and 
less diffuse, produced from all the 
nodes. The spikelets in P. gattingeri 
are not so variable in length as in the 
other species in this group. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open ground and waste places, often 
a weed in cultivated soil, Pennsyl- 
vania to Iowa and Missouri, south to 
North Carolina and Tennessee. ee 
This is the form introduced into Fig. 39.—Distribution of P. gattingeri. 
South Africa and described by Stapf 
_ as P. capillare.4 
Ontario: Kingston, Fowler in 1897 (Field Mus. Herb.). 
PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller in 1901. 


@ Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 407. 1898. 


58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Onto: Sheffield, Ricksecker in 1894; Cincinnati, Lloyd in 1883. 

InpvIANA: Lafayette, Dorner 87. 

Inntnots: Peoria, Brendel; Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 124 in 1897, 783; Canton, 
Wolf in 1882. 

Minnesota: Hennepin County, Sandberg in 1890 (Univ. Cal. Herb.). 

Iowa: Emmett County, Pamniel & Cratty 850. 

Missouri: Sugar Creek, Bush 4824; Monteer, Bush 5116. 

MaryLaNnp: Bethesda, Steeie in 1899; Plummers Island, Steele in 1897; Cabin 

John, Chase 2628. 

Districr or CoLtumsta: Hitchcock 167, Williams in 1900. 

Vireinia: Arlington, Chase 5448. 

West Vireinia: Aurora, Steele in 1898. 

Norra Carorina: Magnetic City, Wetherby 21. 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 378. 

TENNESSEE: Cocke County, Kearney 962, 963; Knoxville, Ruth 59 in part; Nash- 
ville, Gattinger. 


22. Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. 


Panicum capillare sylvaticum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. S. 149. 1824, not P. 
sylvaticum Lam. 1798. ‘‘In dry woods near New York.’’ The type is in Columbia 
University Herbarium. 

Panicum philadelphicum Bernh.; Trin. Gram. Pan. 216. 1826. This is mentioned 
by Trinius as a variety ot-P: ee similar to his @ [P. flexile], but with ee 
only acute [not acuminate as in the others], ‘“‘misit s 
Pan. philadelphici sibi cl. BERNHARDI.’’ Enough dest 
is given to technically constitute publication. Nees later@ 
describes the species more fully. The type, in the Trinius 
Herbarium, is from Philadelphia, sent by Bernhardi. On 
the same sheet is a specimen of P. flerile from the same 
source, but a drawing by Trinius with the name of P. phila- 
delphicum indicates which specimen is the type. 
Fic.40.—P.philadelphicum. Panicum porphyrium Trin.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 198. 1829. 

From duplicate typespec- This ig given as a synonym under P. philadelphicum Bernh. 

imen in Stockholm Her- ,,. 

pein We have not seen the type. 

Panicum torreyi Fourn. in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 
8: 497. 1885. Based on P. capillare sylvaticum Torr. Fournier’s description ® does 
not apply to this species and a specimen in the Fournier Herbarium, cited by him 
under this name, is P. bulbosum. 

Panicum capillare minimum Engelm.; Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887. No definite 
locality in Tennessee is mentioned. The type in the Gattinger Herbarium bears the 
name in Gattinger’s writing and the data “‘Greenbriar, Sept. ’78. A. Gattinger.”’ 
This name is initialed ‘‘F. L. S.’’ by Scribner, hence the same name published¢ 
later by him is also based on this specimen. 

Panicum minimum Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Diy. Agrost. Cire. 27: 4. 
1900. Based on P. capillare minimum Engelm. 

Panicum soboliferum Tuckerm.; Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3: 106. 1901. This is 
given as a synonym under P. minimum. Tuckerman’s specimen, in the Gray Her- 
barium, is from ‘‘ Head of Lake Memphremagog, Vt., Sept. 1859.”’ 


a Agrost. Bras. 198. 1829. b Mex. Pl. 2: 28. 1886. 
¢Tenn. Agr. Exp. Bull. 7: 44. pl. 10. f. 39. 1894. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 59 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants light yellowish green, in small tufts, freely branching, erect or rarely decum- 
bent at base, 15 to 50 cm. high, depauperate, northern specimens sometimes forming 
small mats; culms slender, papillose-hispid to nearly glabrous, more or less zigzig at 
base, the lower internodes much shortened; sheaths mostly longer than the internodes, 
papillose-hispid; blades erect or ascending, 4 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, rather 
sparsely hirsute, rarely nearly glabrous; panicles exserted, diffuse, ovoid, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, forming one-third the entire height of the plant or more, few-flowered, the 
capillary, scabrous branchlets solitary, bearing rather short-pediceled spikelets, 
usually in twos, at the ends; spikelets 1.7 to 2 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic; 
first glume about two-fifths the length of the spikelet, 5-nerved, acute; second glume 
and sterile lemma equal, only slightly exceeding the fruit, the palea of the sterile 
floret wanting; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic. 

This species differs from P. capillare in its narrow, erect blades, more slender culms, 
and smaller, fewer-flowered panicles, with more divergent branches and spikelets 
mostly in twos. The spikelets are usually slightly smaller, but the spikelets of the type 
of P. philadelphicum and of several other specimens are 2 mm. long. 

Two specimens from Stone Mountain, Georgia, Harper 184 and Hitchcock 439, have 
spikelets 2.2 mm. long, and are erect, narrow-leaved plants with somewhat the aspect 
of P. flexile. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry open or sandy ground, Maine to Wisconsin and Oklahoma, south to Georgia and 
Mississippl. 
QuEBEc: Chandiere River, Macoun 7444 (Herb. Geol. Survey Can.). 
Maine: Holden, Knight in 1893; Mattawamkeag, Fernald 2802; Henderson, 
Parlin 1776. 
New Hampsuire: Alstead, Fernald 361. 
Vermont: Lake Memphremagog, Tuckerman in 1859 (Gray Herb.). 
Connecticut: Hadlyme Ferry, Graves 167. 
Ruopve Istanp: Lincoln, Fernald in 1906 (Gray Herb.). 
New Yorx: Kinderhook Lake, Peck; Verona, Haberer in 1900. 
New Jersey: Lakehurst, Macken- 
zie 2366. 
PENNSYLVANIA: LancasterCounty, 
Heller 4789. 
Outro: Ottawa, Kellerman in 1900 
(Univ. Ohio Herb.). 
Wisconsin: Sauk City, Luders in 
1885; Granite Heights, Cheney 
2911. 
Missourt: Monteer, Bush 5119, 
_ 120; Readings Mill, Bush 5203. 
DELAWARE: Collins Beach, Com- 
mons in 1879. 
MaryLanp: Glen Echo, Kearney in 1897; Chevy Chase, Chase 2599. 
District oF CoLuMBia: Chase 5441, Kearney in 1897, Steele in 1899, Vasey in 1882, 
Williams 10 in part, 12. 
VireiniA: Four-Mile Run, Hitchcock 166; Alexandria, House 413; Portsmouth, 
Chase 3687; Craigs, Steele 16. 
West Virernia: Aurora, Steele in 1898; Baileysville, Morris 1283. 
NortH Carona: Chapel Hill, Ashe. 
SouTH CaRo.uina: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 7. 
GeroreiA: Thomson, Bartlett 1024; Stone Mountain, Harper 184, Hitchcock 439. 


Fig. 41.—Distribution of P. philadelphicum. 


60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 151. os 


TENNESSEE: Bluff City, Hitchcock 165; Cocke County, Kearney 961; Chester 


County, Bain in 1892. 
ALABAMA: Cullman County, Eggert 58. 
OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 722 in 1894. 
Texas: Dallas County, Reverchon 1842 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


23. Panicum capillare L. 


Panicum capillare L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. Linneeus gives no description of his own 
but bases his name upon a phrase name of Gronovius@ which he quotes. Hence the 
type of P. capiilare is the same as the type of Gronovius’s species, namely, Clayton 
no. 404, cited by Gronovius. This specimen, in the herbarium of the British Museum, 
is the common form of this species with broad blades and ample panicle; the spikelets 
are 2mm. long. Linnezeus also cites a phrase name and a figure from Sloane® as a 
synonym, the Sloane plant, also in the British Museum, being Panicum trichoides 
Swartz. On the strength of these two citations, Linnzeus gives the habitat as ‘‘ Vir- 
ginia, Jamaica.’’ In the Linnean Herbarium there is a specimen of P. capillare 
from “‘H. U.’’ [Hortus Upsalensis] upon which Linnzeus has written the name. 

Milium capillare Moench, Meth. Pl. 203. 1794. Based on Panicum capulare L. 

; Panicum bobarti Lam. Encycl. 4: 748. 1798. Lamarck cites the following: 
‘Gramen paniculatum virginianum, locustis minimis Bobarti. Moris. hist. 3. p. 202. 
no. 33. Ex herb. Vaill.’? It would: seem that Lamarck 
is quoting the data on a specimen and not direct from 
Morison’s History, since the name Bobart nowhere occurs 
in Morison’s description or plate, ¢ which applies to some 
species of Panicularia. In the Lamarck Herbarium is a 
fragmentary specimen of P. capillare bearing in Lamarck’s 
writing the data he quotes and in addition, also in his 
writing, the name “‘panicum Bobarti, Lam. dict.’’ Since 
Fra. 42.—P. capillare. From Yamarck’s description applies to this it is taken as the type. 
type specimen tn’ Gromov ius Panicum capillare agreste Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887 
Herbarium. : Pl Cr aes : 
No definite locality in Tennessee ismentioned. The type 
specimen, in the Gattinger Herbarium, is labeled in Gattinger’s hand ‘‘ Panicum 
capillare L.var. agreste. Fields, Ridgetop, Sumner Co., 14. IX. ’82.’’ Collected by 
Dr. A. Gattinger. It isa medium-sized specimen of P. capillare. 

Panicum capillare vulgaris[e] Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. '7: 44. 1894. No 
specimen is cited and no definite locality in Tennessee is given, but Scribner states 
that this variety is the same as ‘‘the variety agreste of Dr. Gattinger.’’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect or ascending, simple or sparingly branched at the base or sometimes 
above, 20 to 80 cm. high; culms papillose-hispid to nearly glabrous, the pubescence 
dense at the nodes; sheaths usually longer than the internodes, densely papillose-hispid; 
blades 10 to 25 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, scarcely narrowed toward the rounded 
base, hispid on both surfaces, the midrib prominent ; panicle densely flowered, large 
and very diffuse, often half the length of the entire plant, included at the base until 
maturity, the solitary or fascicled branches at first ascending, at maturity divaricately 
spreading, the whole panicle breaking away and rolling before the wind, the main 


a Fl. Virg. 1:13. 1739. See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 118. 1908. 
DUViow, derma. se ls) ole Wi gage ee lO i 
¢ Moris, Pl. Hist. 3: 202. sect. 8. pl. 6. f.. 88. 1715. 


ee 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 61 


axis and branches sparsely pilose, the numerous capillary, scabrous branchlets bearing 
long-pediceled spikelets toward their ends; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 0.8 to 0.9 
mm. wide, elliptic; first glume about half the length of the spikelet, acute, 5 to 
7-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal, more or less acuminate beyond the 
fruit, the palea of the sterile floret wanting; fruit about 1.0 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm, 
wide, elliptic. 

This common and widely distributed species is variable, occasional specimens 
approaching or intergrading with each of its closely allied species. Thus Bush 3318, 
Chase 2008, and V. H. Chase 183 are in- 
termediate between this and P. phila- 
delphicum; Bush 4138, Gattinger, Nash- 
ville, Tenn., in 1882, and Steele 243, 
between this and P. gattingeri; Bebb 
2917 and Chase 1480 approach P. flexile, 
and Blankinship, Huntsville, Okla- 
homa in 1896, and Griffiths 15 and 120 
approach P. barbipulvinatum. Besides 
these there is a group of rather low, 
freely branching specimens with fewer- 
flowered, divaricately branched pani- 
cles forming as much as two-thirds the 
entire height of the plant, and acuminate spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long, tending to 
be in twos as in P. philadelphicum. These are the following and are not cited in the 
general distribution. Maine: Westbrook, Ricker 975; Massacuuserts: South Hadley, 
Cook in 1887; PENNSYLVANIA: Williamsport, Small & Heller in 1890; New York: 
Verona, Haberer in 1900; Intrnots: Chicago, Nelson 3000. ; 

A Florida specimen, Combs 665, has exceptionally turgid spikelets 2.5 mm. long. 


Fic. 43. Distribution of P, capillare. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open ground, fields and waste places, Maine to Dakota and Colorado, south to 
Florida and Texas; also introduced in the Bermudas. 

MAINE: Bangor, Knight 65. 

New Hampsurre: Jaffrey, Robinson 396. 

VerRmMONT: Manchester, Day in 1898. 

MassacuusetTts: Boston, Hitchcock in 1903 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Connecticut: South Glastonbury, Wilson 1249. 

New York: New Hannibal, Pearce in 1883; Oxford, Coville in 1884. 

Ontario: Galt, Herriot 69; Kingston, Fowler in 1897; Wilmot Center, Umbach 
in 1899; Windsor, Macouwn 26317; Sarnia, Morris A171; Belleville, Macoun in 
1864. ) 

New Jersey: Stockholm, Van Sickle in 1895. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Scribner 48; Smith 110; Easton, Porter in 1894. 

Oxo: Berea, Watson in 1897; St. Marys, Wetzstein in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 189; 
Columbus, Kellerman 6765. 

Inuinois: Chicago, Bebb 2917, Chase 1480; Naperville, Umbach in 1898; Roberts, 
Wilcox 109; Mokena, Chase 2008; Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 125 in 1897, 183, 
774, 

MicuicaNn: Port Austin, Morris A 226. 

Wisconsin: Sauk City, Luders in 1885; Ashland, Hitchcock 5099, 5111. 

’ Manrrosa: Killarney, Macoun 13225. 

MINNESOTA: Spicer, Frost in 1892; Fort Snelling, Mearns 756; Montevideo, 

Moyer 43, , 


62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Souta Daxorta: Yankton, Bruce 10; Aurora, Wilcox in 1892; Redfield, Grif- 
jiths 207; Huron, Griffiths 15; Aberdeen, Griffiths 120. 

Iowa: Thayer, Morris’ A 252; Decatur County, Fitzpatrick 31; Ames, Baill 120; 
Dudgeon in Pammel Amer. Weeds 20; Manchester, Ball 720; Ledyard, 

' Pammel 767. 

Missourt: Creve Coeur Lake, Kellogg 20; Courtney, Bush 3318. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 2380, 3842, 3851, Norton 568. 

DELAWARE: Greenbank, Commons 30; Townsend, Canby in 1896. 

MARYLAND: Garrett County, Smith in 1879. 

District oF CoLtumBiA: Steele in 1896; Blanchard in 1891. 

Vireinia: Arlington, Chase 5442. 

West VirGcInia: Sweetsprings, Steele 243. 

NortH Carona: Wilmington, McCarthy in 1885. 

Fioripa: Bay Head, Combs 665. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 59 in part; Nashville, Gattinger in 1882. 

ALABAMA: Scottsboro, Chase 4495. 

MississtpPi: Starkville, Chase 4461, Kearney 80. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 84, 159. 

LoutstaAna: Natchitoches, Ball 149; McCall, Combs 1435. 

Texas: Seguin, Plank 99; Ennis, Smith in 1897; Texarkana, Plank 82; Dallas, 
Bebb 1299; Waller, Dine in 1898; Galweston Island, ae 7409; Chilli- 
cothe, Ball 966. 

OxtaHoMA: Huntsville, Blankinship in 1896. 

Montana: Columbia Falls, Hitchcock 4932. 

CoLorapbo: Above Manitou, Williams 2184. 

CALIFORNIA: Pinegrove, Hansen 599. 

Bermupas: Brown & Britton 21. 


24. Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash. 


Panicum capillare brevifolium Vasey; Rydb. & Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 
Bull. 5: 21. 1897, not P. brevifolium L. 1753. ‘‘Montana: Manhattan, on a shaded 
sandbar in the Gallatin River; July 19, [Shear] 436.’’ The type, collected by ©. L. 
Shear, is in the National Herbarium. 

Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash in Rydb. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21.1900. ‘‘Pani- 
cum capillare brevifolium Vasey * * * not Panicum brevifolium L.”’ is cited, but as a 
description follows and a new type is indicated, 
‘“YELLOWSTONE Park: Lower Geyser Basin, August 
4, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3544 (type),’’ this should 
not be considered as primarily a change of name. 
The specimen, in the herbarium of the’ New York 
Botanical Garden, agrees with Shear’ s no. 436, men- 
tioned above. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect, 15 to 50 cm. high, freely branching 
at the base, the branches often much shorter than 
the main culm and spreading; culms rather slender, 
glabrous or hispid below the nodes, the lower inter- 
nodes much shortened, the nodes often somewhat geniculate; sheaths usually longer 
than the internodes, papillose-hispid; blades erect or erect-recurving, 3 to 15 cm. long, 
3 to 12 mm. wide, longer or wider in exceptional specimens, hispid on both surfaces 
or sometimes nearly glabrous; panicles soon exserted, about half the length of the 
entire plant, rather few-flowered, the branches early divaricate, the pulvini often 


Fig. 44.—P. barbipulvinatum. From 
ty pe specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 63 


prominent, hispid, the axis and branches scabrous only or sometimes sparsely pilose; 
spikelets 2.5 to 3.3 mm. long (usually about 3 mm. long), 1 mm. wide, turgid, 
lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate; first glume about two-fifths the length of the spikelet, 
pointed, the midnerve scabrous toward 
the apex; second glume slightly longer 
than the sterile lemma, both much ex- 
ceeding the fruit, 9-nerved, the nerves 
scabrous toward the apex, the palea of 
the sterile lemma wanting; fruit 1.7 to 
1.8 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 

This species differs from P. capillare 
in being on the average lower, in hav- 
ing shorter, less pubescent blades 
crowded toward the base of the plant, | 
shorter, exserted panicles with divari- Fig. 45.—Distribution of P. barbipulvinatum. 
cate branches, and larger spikelets. 
The plants are often depauperate and tufted and the blades sometimes white- 
margined. 

Occasional specimens, as Mearns 743, Parish 1081 and Rydberg 1538, scarcely branch- 
ing at the base and with longer blades, approach P. capillare. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open ground, waste piaces and cultivated fields, Wisconsin, Minnesota to British 
Columbia, south to Texas and southern California. 


Intinois: Oquawka, Patterson. 

Wisconsin: Madison, Agr. Exp. Sta. (probably transient adventive). 

Minnesota: Fort Snelling, Mearns 755; Hennepin County, Sandberg in 1889; 
Duluth, Hitchcock 5083. 

Nortx Daxota: Medora, Brannon 134, Bismarck, Field 1867; Devils Lake, Hitch- 
cock 5050. 

Soutn Daxorta: Hot Springs, Rydberg 1096; White Horse Camp, Griffiths 278; 
Cheyenne River, Wallace 2; Bellefourche, Griffiths 399; Huron, Griffiths 7. 
Nepsrasxka: Simeon, Bates 1114; North Platte, Plank 38; Central City, Rydberg 
2011, Shear 264; Niobrara, Clements 2705; Hooker County, Rydberg 1538; 

Grant County, Rydberg 1788. 

Kawnsas: Bucklin, Hitchcock in 1892; Ulysses, Thompson 56; Syracuse, Thomp- 
son 134; Tribune, Reed in 1892; Osborne City, Shear 152. 

Texas: Abilene, Tracy 8295; Paloduro, Gardner 24; without locality, Nealley 
in 1889. 

Montana: Great Falls, R. S. Williams 843; Silesia, Griffiths & Lange 15; Upper 
Big Horn River, Blankinship 179; Missoula River, Scribner 328; Glendive, 
Ward in 1883; Billings, Williams & Griffiths 246; Manhattan, Shear 436. 

Wyomine: No Wood Creek, Williams 2847; Sand Creek, EL. Nelson 4984; Sybille 
Creek, H. Nelson 481; Badger, A. Nelson 8346; Cheyenne River, Geyer in 
1839; Buffalo Fork, Tweedy 93, 95; Newcastle, Griffiths 684; Yellowstone 
National Park, Chase 5251, 5253, Hitchcock 2114, Rydberg & Bessey 3544. 

Ipano: St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox 152; Merrill 43; Shoshone, Evermann in 
1893; Rathdrum, Sandberg, Heller & MacDougal 713; Caldwell, Chase 4746. 

WASHINGTON: Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 431; Waitsburg, Horner 526; 
Streptoe, Vasey 3065; Prosser, Cotton 625, 891; Spokane, Chase 4986; Lake 
Chelan, Elmer 484, 848. 

British CoLumBia: Sicamous, Macoun 6 in 1889, 


64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


OrEGoN: Union, Cusick 3326g; Malheur County, Griffiths & Morris 6764; Ontario, 
Griffiths & Morris 935; Harney County, Griffiths & Morris 891, 900; Malheur 
Lake, Griffiths & Morris 738; Manns Lake, Griffiths & Morris 696; Beulah, 
Griffiths & Morris 864; Princeville, Leiberg 834; Milton, Brown 34; Upper 
Klamath Lake, Leiberg 714; Sauvies Island, Howell in 1882; Corvallis, 
Hitchcock in 1901; Roseburg, Hitchcock 2789, 2798. 

CoLorapbo: Denver, Eastwood 17a, Letterman in 1884; Manitou, Chase 5292, 5307; 
Rocky Ford, Griffiths 3313; Fort Collins, Agr. College 3368, Cowen 549; Golden, — 
Rydberg 2505, Shear 755; Canyon City, Shear 965; Piedra, Baker in 1899; . 
Durango, Tweedy 386; Black Canyon, Baker 676; Steamboat Springs, East- 
wood 14; Grand Junction, Hitchcock 2204; Montrose, Hitchcock 2205; above 
Manitou, Hitchcock 2374; Ouray, Hitchcock 2275; Trinidad, Chase 5345. 

Uran: Cottonwood Canyon, Watson 1349; Logan, Rydberg 2351; Gunnison, Ward 
679; Elk Ranch, Jones 6035; Ephraim, Tidestrom 2482. 

Nevapa: Leonard Creek, Griffiths & Morris 270; Big Creek, Griffiths & Morris 
188; Ruby Valley, Watson 1349; Reno, Tracy 192; Virginia City, Bloomer 
2265. 

New Mexico: Tierra Amarilla, Wooton 2948; Cliff, Smith in 1897; White Moun- 
tains, Wooton 303; Albuquerque, Harward 21a; Las Cruces, Plank 2; Mogol- 
lon Mountains, Metcalfe 434; Pecos, Standley 4948; Cimarron Canyon, Griffiths 
5551; Organ Mountains, Wooton 1071; Deming, Hitchcock 3760; Las Vegas 
Hot Springs, Grant 5536; Mesilla Park, Hitchcock 3819; Dona Ana County, 
Wooton & Standley 3184. 

Arizona: San Francisco Mountains, Leiberg 5783; Canyon de Chelly, Griffiths 
5852; Big Valley Mountains, Baker & Nutting in 1894; San Bernardino 
Ranch, Mearns 743, 788. 

CALIFORNIA: Castle Crag, Hitchcock 3069; Mt. Shasta, Palmer 2649 in 1892; Yreka, 
Butler 871; on the Sacramento, Wilkes Expl. Exp.; Tulare County, Michener 
& Bioletti 115, Palmer 2709 in 1892; Modoc County, Baker & Nutting in 1894; 
Riverside, Hall in 1901, Reed 1137; Colorado River, Cooper 2228; San Ber- 
nardino, Parish 1081. 


25. Panicum hirticaule Presl. 


Panicum hirticaulum[e| Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830. The locality as given 
by Presl is ‘‘ad Acapulco, Mezxico.’’ The type, in the herbarium of the National 
Museum at Prague, is labeled ‘‘Mexico.” It rep- 
resents the medium form of the species, with 
nearly simple culms, narrowly ascending lower 
panicle branches and reddish brown spikelets, 3 
mm. long. 

Panicum flabellatum Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. 
France II. 27 : 293. 1880, not Steud. 1854. This is 
published in a list of plants collected in Nicaragua 
by Paul Lévy, ‘‘Omotepe (n. 1166)” being cited. 
The type, Lévy no. 1166 in the Paris Herbarium, 
was collected October, 1869, on ‘Prairies, Ile 
d’Omotepe.”’ 

Panicum polygamum hirticaulum{e] Fourn. Mex. 
Pl. 2: 28.1886. Based on ‘‘P. hirticaulum Presl,”’ 
but the specimens here cited are referable to P. maximum. 

This species was listed by Brandegee® as Panicum capillare var. glabrum Vasey, 
without description, having been so named by Vasey. The specimen in the National 


Herbarium consists of several small plants of P. hirticaule. 


a Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 211. 1889. 


Fic. 46.—P. hirticaule. From type 
Fspecimen. 


: 
3 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 65 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect, simple or nearly so, or sometimes branching and decumbent at base, 
15 to 70 em. high; culms papillose-hispid to glabrous, nodes spreading-hispid; sheaths 
papillose-hispid, but sometimes sparsely so; blades 5 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 13 mm. wide, 
often cordate at base, sparsely hispid or nearly glabrous, ciliate toward the base; 
panicles exserted, 5 to 15 cm. long, scarcely one-third the entire height of the plant, 
rather many-flowered, the branches ascending, the lower usually narrowly so, scabrous 
but not pilose, bearing rather short and 
appressed-pediceled spikelets along half 
to two-thirds their length, the glabrous 
pulvini inconspicuous; spikelets 2.7 to 
3.3 mm. long, 1 to 1.1 mm. wide 
(smaller in occasional specimens), 
lanceolate-fusiform, acuminate, typi- 
cally reddish brown; first glume half to 
three-fourths the length of the spikelet, 
acuminate, the midnerve scabrous 
toward the apex; second glume slightly 
longer than the sterile lemma, both Fig. 47.—Distribution of P. hirticaule. 
much exceeding the fruit, strongly 
many-nerved, the midnerves scabrous toward the summit, the palea of the sterile 
floret small, nerveless; fruit 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, a scar sometimes 
showing on either side at base. 

This species is variable; the Mexican specimens are mostly fairly typical, but the 
more northern ones are often rather freely branched or the panicles are less strict or 
the spikelets not reddish. 

In the following Mexican and Central American specimens the spikelets, though 
reddish brown and borne on strict branches, are only 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long. Mexico: 
Colima, Palmer 14, 143, and 145 in 1897; Alamos, Palmer 690 in 1890; Territorio de 
Tepic, Rose 3351. Nicaragua: Without locality, Flint in 1868. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Rocky or sandy soil, Texas to southern California and south through Mexico; also 
in the Galapagos Islands. 


Texas: El Paso, Jones 4212; without locality, Nealley in 1887. 

WasHINGTON: Bottomland near Bingen, Suksdorf 2330. This is probably intro- 
duced, as it is far out of its range. 

New Mexico: Organ Mountains, Wooton in 1907, Standley in 1906; Florida Moun- 
tains, Mulford 1012, 1078; Mangas, Metcalfe in 1897, Smith in 1898; Rio Gila, 
Greene 258; Hillsboro, Metcalfe 1442; San Luis Mountains, Mearns 2093. 


ARIZONA: Tucson, Griffiths 1520, 3358, Hitchcock 3481, 3494, 3509, Pringle in 1881; 
' Santa Rita Mountains, Griffiths 7005, 7194, Griffiths & Thornber 4, 28, 256; 
Salero Mountains, Griffiths 6123; Santa Catalina Mountains, Grifiths 7146; 
Huachuca, slut eeine Holzner 1659; Fort Huachuca, Wilcox a 1894; Pearce, 
Griffiths 1938; Cochise, Griffiths 1918; Phoenix, Griffiths 7317; Patagonia, 
Hitchcock 3658, 3675; Benson, Hitchcock 3730; near monument 82, Mearns 
1905; near Mexican boundary, Mearns 738, 767. 

CALIFORNIA: Sierra Nevada Mountains, Lemmon in 1875; Jamacha, Canby 6 in 1894. 


41616°—voxu 15—10——5 


66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Mexico: Near International Boundary, Mearns 2294, Merton 1705; northern 
Sonora, Griffiths 6758, 6799, 6892; Nogales, Hitchcock 3631; Llano, Mitch- 
cock 3526; Hermosillo, Hitchcock 3541, 3573, 3604; Guaymas, Hitchcock 3547, 
3553, Palmer 208 and 346 in 1887; Alamos, Palmer 695 and 750 in 1890; 
Purisima, Lower California, Brandegee 8 in 1889, 42 in 1899; State of Chihua- 
hua, Nelson 6297, 6355, Palmer 1 b in 1885 in part; Topolobampo; Palmer 249 
and 251 in 1897; Culiacan, Palmer 1544, 1545, and 1554 in part in 1891. 

GaLApacos IsLanps: Agassiz in 1891. 


26. Panicum pampinosum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants freely branching from the base; culms ascending from a decumbent base, 
branching at the lower and middle node compressed, glabrous, or sparsely pilose 
below the panicle, the nodes pubescent; sheaths 
loose, papillose-hispid, ciliate; ligules of very 
stiff neke 2 to 3 mm. long; binaes 5 to 12 cm. 
long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, flat, scarcely narrowed 
at the rounded or subcordate base, sparsely 
pilose above, sparsely hispid beneath, the 
margin pilose and more or less undulate; pan- 
icles long-exserted, 6 to 15 cm. long, half to 
two-thirds as wide, the branches solitary, the 
lower as much as 5 to 8 cm. long, often bear- 
ing a branchlet at base, stiffly ascending, 
bearing several, mostly short, appressed 
branchlets with rather crowded, sbort-pedi- 
celed spikelets; spikelets about 4 mm. long, 
1.4mm. wide, very turgid, pointed; first glume 
more than three-fourths the length of the 
spikelet, pointed; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, exceeding the fruit 
and pointed beyond it, the sterile palea short; fruit 2.2 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, oval, 
an indistinct scar at the base. 

Type U. S. National Herbarium 
no. 592754, collected August 25, 1903, 
on range reserve, altitude 2,660 feet, 
Wilmot, Arizona, by Prof. J.J.Thornber 
(no. 193). 


Pie. 48.—P. pampinosum. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


On mesas, New Mexico and Arizona. 
New Mexico: Organ Mountains, 
Wooton 2014; Grant County, 
Rusby 444; without locality, 
Wright 2084. 
Arizona: .Tucson Mountains, Griffiths 69394; Wilmot, Thornber 193 and Septem- 
ber 3, 1903 (the latter in Univ. Ariz. Herb.). 


Fig. 49.—Distribution of P. pampinosum. 


26A. Panicum decolorans H. B. K.@ 


aWhile this revision was in press this species was collected by A. 8. Hitchcock at 
its type locality, Querétaro, Mexico. It has therefore been removed from the list of . 
doubtful species. The description and illustration will be found on page 328. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 67 


27. Panicum stramineum sp. nov. 


A 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants ascending or widely spreading, sparingly branching at the base and lower 
nodes, or simple, 20 to 50 cm. high; culms glabrous, the nodes appressed-villous; 


Fig. 50.—P. stramineum. From type specimen. 


sheaths glabrous, sparsely papillose or 
papillose-hispid; blades erect orascending, 
10 to 30 cm. long, 4 to 15 mm. wide, 
rounded or somewhat cordate at base, 
elabrous, scabrous on the margin and 
sometimes on the upper surface, some- 
times ciliate at base; panicles finally ex- 
serted, one-fourth to one-third the entire 
height of the plant, ovdid in outline, 
rather many-flowered, the pedicelsscarcely 
as appressed as in P. hirticaule; spikelets 
3.2 to 3.7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, elliptic, 
abruptly acuminate, turgid, pale stramine- 


ous; first glume one-third the length of the spikelet, blunt or subacute, the 
nerves usually anastomosing; second glume and sterile lemma equal, or the glume 
slightly shorter, not much exceeding the fruit, the palea of the sterile floret as long as 
the fruit, 2-nerved; fruit 2.2 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, turgid, a rather 


prominent scar on either side at base. 


Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 592753, collected 1887, Guaymas, Sonora, Mex- 


ico, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 206). 

This species differs from P. hirti- 
caule in being nearly glabrous through- 
out, in the longer blades, more turgid, 
less long-pointed spikelets with shorter, 
scarcely acute first glume. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Rich bottom lands and damp soil, 
southern Arizona and northwestern 
Mexico. 


Arizona: Near the Mexican boun- 


Fig. 51.—Distribution of P. stramineum. 


dary, Pringle in 1884; Tucson, Thornber in 1901, and 219 (the latter in N. M. 


Agr. Col. Herb.). 


Mexico: Guaymas, Palmer 168a and 206 in 1887; Culiacan, Palmer 1538 in 1891; 
State of Sinaloa, Rose 1878, 1883; Acaponeta, Rose 1889, 3281. 


28. Panicum sonorum Beal. 


Panicum capillare miliaceum Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 28 1890, not P. miliaceum 
L. 1753. Collected at Lerdo, Mexico, at the head of the Gulf of California, in 1889, 
Palmer 947. This is not based on P. miliaceum L. The type is in the National Her- 


barium. 


Panicum sonorum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 130.1896. Based on P. capillare milia- 


ceum Vasey. 


68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants robust, erect or spreading, 60 cm. to over 1 meter high; culms glabrous or 
sparsely papillose-hispid, the nodes pubescent; sheaths papillose-hispid or nearly 
glabrous; blades 15 to 40 cm. long, 15 to 30 mm. wide, cordate-clasping at base, rather 
prominently nerved, glabrous or sparsely papillose- 
hispid; panicles large and more or less drooping, 
20 to 30 cm. long, densely flowered, the numerous 
branches narrowly ascending; spikelets 3 to 3.3 
mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, lanceolate, strongly 
nerved, brownish; first glume half to two-thirds 
the length of the spikelet, acuminate; second glume 
slightly exceeding the sterile lemma, the palea of 
the sterile floret wanting; fruit 2.1mm. long, 1mm. 
wide, oblong-obovate, subacute. 

This species may be a cultivated form of P. 
hirticaule. It is large in all its vegetative parts. 

Fig. 52.—P. sonorum. Fromtype = Palmer states that it is used as food by the Cocopa 

specimen. : - k : 

Indians, the seed being sown in spring on wet 
ground. A specimen from the State of Chiapas in southern Mexico, Nelson 2959, is 
intermediate between this and P. hirticaule but is more robust than the latter species, 
the blades being 15 cm. long and 18 mm. wide. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Rich bottom land, northwestern Mexico. 
Mexico: Lerdo, Palmer 947 in 1889; southwestern.Chihuahua, Palmer 1 in 1885; 
Culiac4n, Palmer 1539 and 1554 in part in 1891. 


29. Panicum parcum sp. noy. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants sparingly branching from the middle or upper nodes; culms 30 to 50 cm. 
high, slender, erect or somewhat geniculate at base, glabrous; sheaths rather sparingly 
papillose-hispid, glabrate toward the base; ligules 1 to 2 mm. long; blades ascending, 
Tather thin, linear, elongated, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, slightly narrowed 
to the base, acuminate, sparsely pilose 
on both surfaces or glabrate, more or less 
ciliate; panicles short-exserted, the termi- 
nal 10 to 20 cm. long, half to two-thirds as 
wide (the axillary smaller), few-flowered, 
the few, slender, but not capillary, flex- 
uous branches solitary, remote, ascending, 
bearing ascending or appressed branchlets 
with scattered, rather long-pediceled 
spikelets; spikelets about 6 mm. long, 1.8 
mm. wide, turgid, acuminate-pointed; — 
first glume about half the length of the 
spikelet, pointed; second glume longer 
than the sterile lemma, both exceeding 
the fruit and pointed beyond it, the sterile 
palea about halfas long asits lemma; fruit 
3.3 mm. long, 1.4mm. wide. 

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 
471378, collected October 9 to 15, 1891, on 
“‘mountain side, not very common,”’ Lodiego, on the Culiac4n River, Sinaloa, Mexico, 
by Edward Palmer (no. 1657). 


Fig. 53.—P. parcum. From type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 69 


The only other specimen examined is also from the vicinity of Culiac4n, Sinaloa; 
Copradia, Brandegee 4 in 1904. 
A 


80. Panicum miliaceum L. 


Panicum miliaceum L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. ‘‘Habitat in India” is the only citation ° 
given. We have not seen the type, which may not be in existence. 

Milium panicum Mill. Gard. Dict. no. 1. 1759. Based on Panicum miliaceum L. 

Miliwm esculentum Moench, Meth. Pl. 203. 1794. Based on Panicum miliacewm L. 

Panicum milium Pers. Syn. Pl. 1:83. 1805. Based on P. miliacewm L. the original 
description of which is copied but very slightly augmented. 

Panicum asperrimum Fisch.; Jacq. Eclog. Gram. 46. pl. 31. 1815-1820. The 
description is based on a specimen grown in the garden of the University at Vienna 
from seed received from Count Razoumovsky of Gorenki [near Moscow]. This name 
was earlier listed by Fischer® without description. We have not seen the type, but 
Jacquin’s description and plate identify the species. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect or decumbent at base, usually branching from the basal nodes, 20 cm. 
to as much as | meter high; culms stout, hispid below the pubescent nodes or glab- 
rous; sheaths loose, sometimes 
longer than the internodes, 
papillose-hispid; blades dry- 
ing yellowish green, more or 
less pilose on both surfaces, or 
glabrate, as much as 30 cm. 
long and 2cm. wide, rounded 
at base, gradually narrowed 
to the apex; panicles usually 
more or less included at base, 
10 to30 cm. long, more or less 
nodding, usually rather com- 
pact, the numerous branches 
narrowly ascending, very 
scabrous, spikelet-bearing to- 
ward thesummit; spikelets4.5 
to 5 mm. long, ovate, acumi- 
nate, strongly many-nerved; 
first glume half the length gf the spikelet or more, acuminate; second glume and 
sterile lemma subequal, a small palea in the sterile floret; fruit 3 mm. long, 2 mm. 
wide, elliptic, stramineous to reddish brown. 


Fig. 54.—P. miliaceum. From Griffith’s no. 6490, East Himalaya. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Waste places, introduced from the Old World. Cultivated under the name of 
broomcorn millet or hog millet. Scattered specimens, introduced or escaped from 
cultivation, are found in all the cooler parts of the United States, especially eastward. 
Cultivated specimens may be larger than indicated in the above description, while in 
dry soil depauperate specimens occur. 

MaINeE: Orono, Harvey in 1897. 
‘ Vermont: Burlington, Brainerd in 1895 (Gray Herb.). 
Massacuvusetts: Essex County, Conant in 1880. 


@ Cat. Hort. Gorenk. ed. 2. 3. 1812. 


70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Connecticut: Bridgeport, Hames in 1895. 

New York: Ontario Beach, Britton in 1892. 

New Jersry: Califon, Fisher in 1899; Landisville, Gross in 1883. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Luzerne County, 
Small & Heller in 1890. 

Outro: Cleveland, Claasen in 1891 
(Gray Herb.). 

Inp1AnaA: Miller, Umbach 2363. 

Tuurnois: Chicago, Chase 1633 
(Hitchcock Herb.). 

MicuicaNn: Without locality, Far- 


well 1414. 
DELAWARE: Wilmington, Com- 
mons 57. 
District oF CoLumMBIA: Steele in 
1899. Fig. 55.—Distribution of P. miliacewm. 


Fioripa: Pensacola, Curtiss 6867. 
New Mexico: Lincoln County, Wooton & Standley 3528. 
CALIFORNIA: Kenwood, Smith in 1898; Sacramento, Williams in 1906. 


31. Panicum cayennense Lam. 


Panicum cayennense Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1:173. 1791. ‘“‘Cayenna. D. Stowpy.’’ 
The type, in the Lamarck Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘ Panicum cayennense Lam. ill. gen. 
aff. Panico capillare.’’ Lamarck states in the 
original description that this species is near P. 
capillare. In the general herbarium at Paris is a 
specimen of P. rudgei irom Cayenne collected by 
Le Blond, which is labeled in Lamarck’s hand 
‘“‘Panicum cayennense lam. illustr. et dict.”’ 
This specimen does not correspond to Lamarck’s 
descriptions, especially the later one, so well as 

Fee eee ea vennensenn neomitene does the preceding specimen, which is therefore 

specimen. taken as the type. 

‘ Panicum floribundum Rich.; Lam. Encycl. 4:742. 
1798. This is given as a synonym under P. cayennense, and credited to “‘ Rich. herb.”’ 
The type, in the Richard Herbarium, is from Cayenne. This specimen agrees with 
the first of those mentioned above. 

Panicum pedunculare Willd.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:77. 1854. ‘‘Brasil.’’ This 
is credited to “‘ Willd. hrbr.’’? The name occursearlier® asanomennudum. The type, 
in the Willdenow Herbarium, was collected by Humboldt in ‘‘ Amer. meridion.’’ 

Panicum cayennense patulum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 220. 1877. Based on P. 
cayennense Lam. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants, erect, or, when much-branched at the base, spreading; culms 20 to 50 cm. 
high, often zigzag, glabrous or more or less papillose-pilose below the pilose nodes; 
sheaths papillose-pilose, ciliate; blades linear, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, 
rather stiffly ascending, rounded at the scarcely narrowed base, rather sparsely papil- 
lose-pilose on both surfaces or sometimes nearly glabrous; panicles terminal and 


a Lam. Encycl. 4: 742. 1798. 6 Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 2: 261. 1841. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. fal 


axillary from the upper 2 or 3 sheaths, rarely fascicled, approximate and forming an 
elongated inflorescence from two-thirds to almost the entire height of the plant, the 
individual panicles inaluded at the base, 8 to 20 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, 
the slender, scabrous branches and branchlets and the long, flexuous pedicels divar- 
icate; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, obovoid, turgid; first glume about 
half the length of the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, slightly - 
exceeding the fruit, abruptly Bene pouied. strongly 5 to 7-nerved, the sterile palea 
about half the length of its lemma; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, oval, turgid. 
In its elongated inflorescence composed of several approximate panicles this species 
resembles P. rudget Roem. & Schult., with which it has commonly been confused. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Pine woods, Costa Rica, Cuba, and South America. 


Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3685. 

Cusa: Pinar del Rio, Wright 3865; Herradura, Tracy 9073; Isle of Pines, Curtiss 
267, Palmer & Riley 1086, Taylor 34. 

FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne (Paris Herb.). 

Braziu: Burchell 8350. 


Diffusa.—Perennials; culms stiff, somewhat tufted, sheaths mostly hirsute, ligules 
membranaceous, ciliate, 1 to 3 mm. long; blades long and narrow; spikelets 
mostly narrowly ovate, acuminate, glabrous; first glume clasping, the equal 
second glume and sterile lemma exceeding the fruit and pointed beyond it, 
the palea of the sterile floret about half as long as its lemma; fruit smooth and 
shining. The species of this group often resemble those of Capillaria, espe- 
cially in their spikelets, but the latter are all annual. 


Second glume and sterile lemma elongated, at least three 


peters fone as bie Inuit 2-2. 22-22 Jee oeen. ys 5+! 32. P. capillarioides. 
Second glume and sterile lemma not elongated. 
Panicles narrow, compact; blades 2 cm. or more wide... 38. P. hirsutum. 
Panicles diffuse, at least at maturity; blades not over 1 
cm. wide. 


Blades 1 to3 mm. wide, plants spreading or ascending 33. P. diffusum. 
Blades mostly over 5 mm. wide, plants erect. 
Spikelets 4 to 4.2 mm. long, the midnerves of 
glumes and sterile lemma scabrous toward 
Paetiaper ano See ot he tes irae Phere Sg 36. P. lepidulum. 
Spikelets usually less than 3.5 mm. long. 
Blades hirsute on both surfaces (sometimes : 
glabrescent), not at all glaucous...... 37. P. ghiesbreghtir. 
Blades glabrous on both surfaces or with a 
few hairs on either surface, glaucous 
above. 
Panicles much exceeding the leaves; 
spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. (rarely 3.7 
pam) dome 225-05 Bas ee ce 35. P. halii. 
Panicles usually equaled or exceeded by 
the uppermost blades; spikelets 2 
Tye sO TOE aha ee cs 28 34. 


ae) 


. filipes. 


12, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


32. Panicum capillarioides Vasey. 


Panicum capillarioides Vasey in Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1:54. 1890. ‘Point 
Isabel,”’ collected by “‘G. C. Nealley, in the region of the Rio Grande, in Texas.” 
The type specimen, in the National Herbarium, 
bears the name in Vasey’s writing and the serial 
number 634 as in the list in which the species is 
published. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in tufts of few to several culms from a 
knotted crown, erect or ascending, 30 to 55 cm. high; 
culms stiff, simple or sparingly branching, ap- 
pressed-pubescent or sometimes glabrate, the nodes 
densely ascending-pubescent; sheaths mostly equal- 
ing or exceeding the rather short internodes, papil- 
lose-pubescent; ligules about 1.5 mm. long; blades 
rather stiff, ascending, 10 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 10 mm. 
wide, scarcely narrowed to the rounded base, flat or 
drying somewhat involute, harshly papillose-pubes- 
‘ cent on both surfaces, usually sparsely so beneath; 

Fig. 57.—P. capillarioides. From panicles short-exserted, usually nearly equaled by 

ES Sea ir the upper blades, diffuse, few-flowered, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, as wide or wider, the capillary branches stiffly spreading at maturity, bearing 
rather short-pediceled spikelets toward the ends, the axis and branches scabrous, the 
rather conspicuous pulvini pubescent; 
spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. 

- wide, lanceolate, long-acuminate; first 
glume one-third to half the length of 
the spikelet, acute, 7-nerved; second 
glume and sterile lemma, subequal, 
many-nerved, at least three times 
as long as the fruit, usually more 
or less inflated above it; fruit 1.6 to 
1.8 mm. long, 0.8 to 0.9 mm. wide, 
elliptic. 

This species is readily distinguished 
from all others by the elongated second glume and sterile lemma, greatly exceeding 
the small fruit. 


Fig. 58.—Distribution of P. capillarioides. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairie, southern Texas and northern Mexico. 
Texas: San Diego, Croft 240, Nealley 69 in 1892; Pena, Nealley 30 in 1891; Kings- . 
ville, Piper in 1906; Corpus Christi to Brownsville, Hitchcock 218; without 
locality or date, Buckley (Hitchcock Herb.). 
Mexico: Monterey, Hitchcock 5547. 


83. Panicum diffusum Swartz. 


Panicum diffusum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23.1788. ‘‘ Jamaica, Hispaniola.” 
The type,¢ in the Swartz Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘diffusum ff. ind. occ.” 

Panicum caespititium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173.1791. ‘‘Ex Amer. merid. com- 
munic. D. Richard.’’ The type specimen, in the Lamarck Herbarium, is marked “ Ex 
D. Richard.”’ 


2 See footnote ¢, page 36. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 73 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in small, dense tufts, spreading, or ascending from a decumbent base, simple 
or sparingly branching, rarely repeatedly branching, 25 to 50 cm. high; culms slender, 
wiry, glabrous, the nodes appressed-pubescent; sheath, 
shorter than the internodes, striate, glabrous, or pubes 
cent along the margin toward the summit or the lower 
sparsely so throughout; ligules about 1 mm. long; blades 
erect from the sheath but often spreading at the ends, 5 
to 20 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, flat or drying subinvo- 
lute, sparsely pilose on the upper surface, glabrous or 
sparingly pubescent beneath; panicles exserted, 5 to 10 
cm. long, nearly as wide, the few capillary branches at 
first ascending, stiffly spreading at maturity, bearing F¥6-59.—P. diffusum. 
a few short-pediceled spikelets toward the ends; spike- Le orn 
lets 2.1 to 2.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide; first glume about half the length of the 
spikelet, acute, 5-nerved; second glume ond sterile lemma 7 to 9-nerved; fruit 1.5 
to 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 

A collection from Santo Domingo, Wright, Parry & Brummel 627, is doubtfully 
referred here. It consists of tall plants, 60 to 70 cm. high, with spikelets 2.8 to 3 mm. 
long. The blades are narrow as in P. diffusum, but hirsute on both surfaces as in 
P. ghiesbreghtir. 


From type 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Savannas and borders of open woods, West Indies. 


Banamas: New Providence, Britton & Brace 424. 

Cusa: Habana, Ledn 190, 305 in part, 923, 923b; Santiago de las Vegas, Baker & 
Wilson 511, Tracy 9111, Van Hermann 1444, Wilson 1405; Triscornia, Tracy 
9082; Guanajay, Palmer & Riley 802; Prov. of Santa Clara, Leén 923c; with- 
out locality, Wright 3852, 3860 in part, 3877; Isle of Pines, Nueva Gerona, 
Curtiss 384, 494. 

DanisH West InprEs: St. Thomas, Eggers in 1882. 

WINDWARD IsLaNnpDs: Martinique, Duss 536. 


34. Panicum filipes Scribn. 


Panicum filipes Scribn. in Heller, Contr. Herb. Frankl. Marsh. Coll.1: 13, 1895. 
‘Growing in rich shaded ground in the upper part of the ‘Arroyo,’ at Corpus Christi,’’ 
Texas. The type, in Hitchcock’s herbarium, was col- 
lected May 31, 1894, by A. A. Heller, no. 1809. The 
panicle is rather more lax and has longer, more delicate 
branchlets than usual in the species, and spikelets 2.5 


to 2.6 mm. long. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants pale green, in small dense tufts, erect or 
ascending, 30 to 80 cm. high; culms simple or spar- 
i ingly branching, stiff, glabrous except the appressed- 
RAP libel “Prost tyes pubescent nodes; sheaths shorter than the internodes, 

specimen. glabrous or sparsely appressed-hispid toward the sum- 

mit; ligules about 1.5 mm. long; blades thin, ascend- 

ing or laxly spreading, 10 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, flat, glaucous and glabrous 
on the upper surface, glabrous beneath or very sparsely papillose-hirsute; panicles 
exserted, usually equaled or exceeded by the uppermost blades, 7 to 25 cm. long, 
about as wide, the distant branches spreading, the branchlets rather more numerous 
and the spikelets usually longer-pediceled than in P. diffusum; spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. 


74. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


long, about 1 mm. wide; first glume about two-thirds the length of the spikelet, 
acuminate, 3 to 5-nerved, second glume and sterile lemma 5 to 7-nerved; fruit 1.5 
to 1.7 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic. 

This species has been confused with both P. diffusum and P. hallii, to both of which 
it is closely related. From the first it is distinguished by the taller, erect or nearly 
erect culms, and wider blades glabrous 
and glaucous on the upper surface. Set lif 
The typical form has a much more Nay 
loosely-flowered panicle than has P. ( eel 
diffusum, but most of the specimens ne p -- 
are less well marked. From P. hallii it ici 
is distinguished by the looser panicles 
of usually longer pediceled, smaller 
spikelets, by the usually taller culms 
and longer blades, often equaling or 
exceeding the panicle. 

The following specimens have spike- Fig. 61.—Distribution of P. filipes. 
lets 2.8 to 3 mm. long and appear to be 
intermediate between P. filipes and P. hallu. Trxas: Abilene, Bentley in 1899; 
Daffan, Bodin 310; Dallas, Bush 1156; Spofford, Griffiths 6323; Olmito, Tracy 8908; 
Corpus Christi, Heller 1490. Mexico: Guerrero, Lagunillas, Langlassé 263. 

A specimen from ‘‘Overflow land along Colorado River,’’ southern California, 
Schellenger 3, is doubtfully referred here. It appears to be an annual but is probably 
P. filipes fruiting the first year from seed. > 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low open ground or among chaparral, southern Texas. 

Texas: Arlington, Reverchon 3526; Terrell, Warburton in 1904; Burnet, Plank 38; 
Llano, Plank 2; Kingsville, Piper in 1906; Houston, Nealley in 1886; Hemp- 
stead, Thurow in 1906; Kerrville, Heller 1883 in part; Seguin, Plank 97; Abi- 
lene, Bentley in 1899; Del Rio, Plank 85; San Diego, Nealley in 1894; Encinal, 
Griffiths 6387; Corpus Christi, Nealley 28 in 1891, in 1893 and 1894; Santa 
Maria, Nealley in 1889; Brownsville, Hitchcock 220, without locality, Buckley 
in 1881 and 1883, Drwmmond 286, 384, 394, Nealley in 1888. 


35. Panicum hallii Vasey. 


Panicum hallit Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 64. 1884. ‘‘This is number 816 of 
E. Hall’s Texas collection, distributed as P. giganteum, Scheele.’’ The type, in the 
National Herbarium, was collected on ‘‘Dry hills, 
Austin, Eastern Texas, May 18, 1872, by Elihu 
Hall.”’ Two species were distributed by Hall un- 
der 816, the other being P. filipes. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants rather glaucous green, in small tufts, erect, 
15 to 60 cm. high; culms simple or sparingly branch- 
ing from the lower nodes, glabrous except the ap- 
pressed-pubescent nodes; leaves commonly more or 
less crowded toward the base, the blades becoming 
curled or twisted, the lower sheaths overlapping on 
theshortinternodes; sheathssparsely papillose-hispid 
to glabrous; ligules about 1.5 mm. long; blades erect 
or nearly so, 4 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, flat, usually sparsely papillose-ciliate 
toward the base, otherwise glabrous or with a few long, delicate hairs on the upper 


Fic. 62.—P. hallii. From type 
specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 75 


surface or sparingly papillose-hispid beneath, often with a thin, cartilaginous, white 
margin; panicles usually long-exserted and much exceeding the leaves, 6 to 20 cm. 
long, rather narrowly “flabellate in outline, the few branches stiffly ascending, bearing 
short, appressed branchlets with approximate spikelets on short, appressed pedicels; 
spikelets 3 to 3.7 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.5 mm. wide, turgid; first glume half to two-thirds | 
the length of the spikelet, acuminate, 3 to 5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma 
strongly 5 to 7-nerved; fruit 1.7 to 2 mm. long, 1 to 1.3 mm. wide, oval, obtuse, dark 
olive brown at maturity. 

The following specimens have looser panicles than typical and spikelets only 2.8 to 
3.2 mm. long, the two Plank specimens having also laxer blades. These appear to be 
intermediate between P. filipes and P. hallii but rather nearer the latter. TrExas: 
Abilene, Tracy 7941, Del Rio, Plank 44, 57. 

Leiberg’s no. 5916, collected on cinder cones, is a depauperate form, scarcely 10 cm. 
high. 

DISTRIBUTION. ; 

Dry prairie, rocky and gravelly hills and canyons and in bottomlands, and irri- 

gated fields, Texas to Arizona and south to central Mexico. 


Texas: Texline, Grifiths 5600; Baird, Letterman in 1882; Austin, Hall 816, Stiles 
in 1884; Abilene, Bentley in 1899, Tracy 7950; Colorado, Tracy 7945; Big 
Springs, Tracy 7953; Kimble County, Reverchon 1682; Kerrville, Smith in 
1897; San Antonio, Mitchcock 
219, Plank 46, 53; Corpus 
Christi, Hitchcock 221; Olmito, 
Tracy 9338; Spofford, Griffiths 
6288; Del Rio, Plank 72 in 
part; Midland, Tracy 7952, 
7954; Guadalupe Mountains, 
Bailey 719; Fort Davis, Nealley 
in 1893, Marfa, Havard 23; 
Sierra Blanca, Nealley in 1893; 
El Paso, Vasey in 1881; with- 
out locality, Nealley in 1887. Fig. 63.—Distribution of P. hallii. 

New Mexico: Cimarron Canyon, Griffiths 5504; Roswell, Earle 302; Carlsbad, 
Tracy 8200; Organ Mountains, Hitchcock 3783; Las Cruces, Griffiths 7408; 
Dona Ana County, Wooton & Standley 3983; Deming, Hitchcock 3762; Grant ° 
County, Metcalfe 807, Smith in 1896 and 1897. 

Arizona: San Francisco Peaks, Leiberg 5916; Ash Fork, Griffiths 7357; Prescott, 
Toumey in 1894; Clifton, Davidson 31a, 414a; Mescal, Grifiths 1813; Santa 
Rita Mountains, Griffiths 3388, Griffiths & Thornber 238, 309; Patagonia, 
Hitchcock 3706; Paradise, Blumer 1683; Huachuca Mountains, Holzner Inter- 
nat. Bound. Comm. 1566; without locality, Lemmon in 1883. 

Mexico: Tamaulipas, Palmer 554 in 1907; Coahuila, Palmer 1338 in 1880; Chi- 
huahua, Pringle 376. 


36. Panicum lepidulum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants solitary or in small tufts, erect, 25 to 70 cm. high; culms usually producing 
one or two erect branches from the lower nodes, sparsely papillose-pilose to merely 
scabrous toward the summit; sheaths longer than the short lower internodes, shorter 
than the middle and upper ones, papillose-hispid, the hairs ascending; ligules about 
2mm. long; blades erect, or spreading at the apex, 7 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
scarcely narrowed to the more or less infolding base, flat or folded, sparsely papillose- 
pilose to nearly glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous on the upper surface; terminal 


76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


panicles rather long-exserted, those of the branches short-exserted or slightly included 
at base, 7 to 20 cm. long, usually scarcely half as wide, the flexuous branches ascending, 
bearing short, rather spreading branchlets with 1 to 3 spikelets toward their ends, the 
whole forming a more evenly flowered panicle than in P. hallii; spikelets 4 to 4.2 mm. 
long, about 1.5 mm. wide, narrowly ovate, 
turgid, acuminate; first glume about half 
the length of the spikelet, acuminate, 5- 
nerved, the midnerve scabrous toward the 
apex; second glume and sterile lemma 
strongly 7 to 9-nerved, the midnerves scab- 
rous toward the apex; fruit 2.3 to 2.56 mm. 
long, 1.3 to 1.5 mm. wide, oval, turgid, 
obtuse. 

Type U. 8S. National Herbarium no. 
155168, collected September 22, 1885, by 
streams, rocky hills near Chihuahua, State 
of Chihuahua, Mexico, by C. G. Pringle 
(no. 497), and distributed as P. diffusum 
Swartz. 

This species is distinguished from P. 
hallia by the more evenly flowered, narrower panicle of larger spikelets, and by the 
greater amount of pubescence. The plants average taller than P. halli, though Pal- 
mer 533 is a depauperate specimen only 15 cm. high. 

A specimen from Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, Griffiths 7063, with spikelets 
only 3.8 mm. long, is doubtiully referred here. 


Fig. 64.—P.lepidulum. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist places in the mountains, Chihuahua to the City of Mexico. 


Mexico: Chihuahua, Pringle 497; Durango, Palmer 525 in 1896, 533 in 1906; City 
of Mexico, Hitchcock 5958. 


37. Panicum ghiesbreghtii Fourn. 


Panicum ghiesbreghtit Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 29. 1886. This name was earlier listed 
by Hemsley@ without description. Fournier cites three specimens, the first being 
‘“Absque loco (GHIESBREGHT),’’ which, since the species is named for this collector, 
is taken as the type. This isin the Paris Herbarium. It was collected in Mexico in 
1845. Aspecimen collected by Ghiesbreght in Mexico 
and labeled P. ghiesbreghtii in the herbarium of the 
Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg, is P. filipes. 

Panicum hirtivaginum Hitchc. Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 
223. 1909. ‘‘Type specimen Wright 758, Cuba, U. 8. 
National Herbarium no. 559958.’’ The label on this 
specimen gives no locality in Cuba. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in small tufts, rather robust; culms erect, pa- 
pillose, ascending-hirsute, 60 to 80 cm. high, the nodes 
densely hirsute; sheaths mostly longer than the inter- 


; 3 ; Fia. 65.—P. ghiesbreghtii. From 
nodes, hirsute like the culms; ligules about 2 mm. type specimen. 


long; blades erect or ascending, as much as 60 cm. 
long and 12 mm. ‘wide, flat, not narrowed to the rounded base,  papillose-hirsute 
on both surfaces or glabrescent; panicle short-exserted, nearly equaled by the 


a Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 489. 1885. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. ei 


upper blades, 20 to 30 cm. long, usually less than half as wide, the branches ascending, 
naked at the base, the branchlets more or less appressed, bearing short-pediceled, 
approximate, but not crowded spikelets 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; first glume half to 
two-thirds the length of the spikelet, acute, 3 to 5-nerved; second glume and sterile 
lemma strongly 7 to 9-nerved; fruit 1.9 to 2 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 
This species differs from P. diffusum in its robust habit, wider, flat blades, hirsute 
on both surfaces, and in its larger spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low moist ground, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies; also in Ecuador. 


Mexico: Borrego prés Orizaba, Bourgeau 2751; Yucatan, Izamal, Gawmer 2477. 

Costa Rica: Salinas Bay, Pittier & Durand 2633. 

Cuspa: Santiago de las Vegas, Tracy 9116; Herradura, Tracy 9068; La Soledad, 
Eggers 5406; Calvario, Ledn 922; Guayabal, Leén 922b; without locality, 
Wright 758. 

Porto Rico: Tabucoa, Sintenis 4983. 

LEEWARD IsLANDS: Guadeloupe, Duss 3184 and a specimen without number or 
date. 

Ecuapor: Manabi, Hggers 15419. 


38. Panicum hirsutum Swartz. 


Panicum hirsutum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 173. 1797. ‘‘Habitat in Jamaicae et 
Hispaniolae graminosis.’’ The type, in the Swartz Herbarium, is from ‘‘Jamaica, 
Swartz.”’ 


e 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants robust, culms as much as 1 cm. thick and 1.5 meters or more high, simple or 
sparingly branching, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, the nodes appressed- 
pubescent; sheaths mostly overlapping, appressed papil- 
lose hirsute, the hairs sometimes dense at the summit; 
ligules dense, about 3 mm. long; blades flat, 20 to 50 cm. 
long, 20 to 35 mm. wide, scarcely narrowed to the rounded 
base, glabrous or with a few hairs toward the base, the 
margin serrulate; panicles short-exserted or included at 
base, 20 to 35 cm. long, 3 to 12 mm. wide, compact, 
densely flowered, the long lower branches erect, naked 
at base; spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, about 0.9 mm. wide, 
rather turgid, abruptly pointed; first glume scarcely half -Fie.66.—P. hirsutum. From 
the length of the spikelet, acute, 3 to 5-nerved; second Ce 
glume and sterile lemma 5 to 7-nerved; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic. 

This species is much more robust than any other in this group, to which, because 
of its compact panicle, it is not very closely allied. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Gravelly river banks and wet places, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. 
LEEWARD IsLtAnps: Guadeloupe, Duss 3917. 
Mexico: Oaxaca, Pringle 5573. 
Costa Rica: Confluence of Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui, Biolley 7467; Port Limon, 
Pittier in 1904. 
TRINIDAD: Botanic Gardens Herb. 2295, Broadway 2629. 


78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum BERGI Arechay.2 a South American species with numerous leaves 
clustered at the base, hispid sheaths, involute blades, and very diffuse panicles, a 
third or more the entire height of the plant, with verticillate lower branches, 
conspicuously pilose in the axils, and short-pointed spikelets 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long, 
was collected on ballast at Mobile, Alabama, in July and August, 1891, by Mohr and 
at Galveston, Texas, in 1903, by Hitchcock (the latter in Hitchcock Herb.). 


Maxima.—Perennials; culms mostly robust and more than 1 meter high, simple or 
branching at the base only, or with small sterile shoots from the lower nodes; 
ligules membranaceous, ciliate; blades linear, flat; panicles large, many- 
flowered; spikelets ellipsoid, glabrous, mostly faintly nerved, the sterile 
floret with a well-developed palea and in P. maximum a staminate flower; 
fruit strongly to very obscurely transversely rugose, puberulent at the apex. 


Culms with a corm-like base. 
Blades mostly over 5 mm. wide; culms more than 1 


moreter ici ese Fis ek Aer ee a a Al. P. bulbosum. 
Blades less than 5 mm. wide; culms rarely as much as 1 
meter nig hiads saat: re Ta Bis ea BR ce AS a eae 4la. P. bulbosum  sci- 
aphilum. 


Culms from a creeping rootstock, not corm-like at base. 
Nodes hirsute; ligules 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit strongly 


PUPOSE eh sek a Bats Set IS UR a ee 39. P. maximum. 
Nodes Si renee ligules 2 mm. long; fruit very obscurely 
TUS OSE MY Se reereias i Ne Reed eae AY eee ee 40. P. plenum. 


39. Panicum maximum Jacq. 


e 


Panicum maximum Jacq. Coll. Bot. 1: 76.1786. ‘‘In insula Guadeloupe sponte 
crescit.’’ In the Vienna Herbarium is a specimen from ‘‘Hb. Jacq. fil.’6 This is 
probably the most authentic specimen to be obtained. 
The plate in Jacquin’s Icones¢ is an excellent illus- 
tration of the species as commonly understood. 

Panicum polygamum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Occ. 24.1788. ‘‘ India occidentalis” is the only local- 
ity cited. The type specimen, marked ‘‘Jamaica. 
Swartz. P. polygamum prodr.,” is in the Swartz 
Herbarium. 

Panicum laeve Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791. 
‘‘E, Domingo, ins. Franc.’’ is the only citation given. 
The type specimen, in the Lamarck Herbarium, is 
marked ‘‘Panicum laeven. Lam.ill.gen. * * * 
Ste. Dominique.”’ 

Panicum jumentorum Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 83. 1805. 
Based on P. polygamum Swartz, the description of which Persoon copies. 

Panicum scaberrimum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1816. ‘‘Habitat in Nova Hispania. 
Introd. ann. 1804 ex seminibus per. D. Sessé missis.’? The type specimen, in the 
Madrid Herbarium, bears a label reading ‘‘ Panicum scaberrimum sp. n. Ex h. r. m.4 
an 1804. Habitat in N. Hispania.’’ 


Fic. 67.—P. maximum. From type 
specimen of P. polygamum Swartz. 


a Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 147. 1894. ‘‘Campos del Departmento de Monte- 
video, San José, Florida, Mercedes, etc.”’ 

b Nicolas Joseph Jacquin the author of the Collectiones. 

cTIcon. Pl. Rar. 1: 2. pl. 18. 1781-1786. This work is dated 1781-1786, but *‘Jacq. 
coll. vol. 1” is cited, which would indicate that the Collectiones appeared the earlier. 

d Hortus regius Matritensis. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 719 


Panicum trichocondylum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 74. 1854. ‘‘Duchaising legit 
in Ins. Guadaloup.’’ The type specimen, in the Steudel Herbarium, bears a label 
with the data as published. 

Panicum praticola Salzm.; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 203.1877. This is elven asa 
synonym of P. maximum Jacq. Doell cites ‘“Salzmann Herb. Bahiense N. 683,” 
which specimen we have not seen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants light green, 1 to 2.5 meters high, or taller in cultivation, in tufts of few to 
many culms, from creeping rootstocks; culms robust, erect or sometimes -genicu- 
late and rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous, the nodes usually densely hirsute; 
sheaths shorter than the internodes, papillose-hirsute to glabrous, ciliate, 
usually a dense ring of pubescence at the juncture with the blade; ligules 4 
to 6 mm. long, stiffly and densely ciliate from a membranaceous base; blades erect 
or ascending, flat, 30 to 75 cm. long, 1 
to 3.5 cm. wide, very scabrous on the 
margin, otherwise glabrous, or hirsute 
on the upper surface at the base; pani- 
cles finally long-exserted, 20 to 50 cm. 
long, usually about one-third as wide, _ 
densely flowered, the long, rather stiff 
branches ascending, naked at the base, 
the lower in whorls, the axils pilose, 
the branchlets short, appressed, bear- 
ing more or less clustered, short-pedi- 
celed spikelets; spikelets 3 to 3.3mm. 
long, 1 to 1.1 mm. wide, and about as 


Fic. 68.—Distribution of P. maximum. 


_ thick, oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous, somewhat shining, faintly nerved; first glume about 


one-third the length of thespikelet, obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 
slightly exceeding the fruit, thin in texture, the lemma inclosing a staminate flower; 
fruit 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, elliptic, transversely rugose, minutely 
puberulent at the apex. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Cultivated for forage under the name of Guinea grass in the Gulf States, especially 
in Florida, and southward through tropical South America, whence it has escaped into 
fields and waste places; also in the tropical parts of the Old World. 


Froria: Duval County, Fredholm 373; Indian River, Curtiss 3597**; Eustis, 
Nash 1730; Grasmere, Combs 1170; Orange County, Baker in 1897; Braiden- 
town, Combs 1310; Caximbas Island, Simpson 580; Key West, Blodgett; with- 
out locality, Simpson. . 

Mexico: State of Vera Cruz, Finck 8 and in 1893, Smith 1409; Cérdoba, Kerber 
48: State of Colima, Emrick 3; Huitamalco, Liebmann 425 in part; Zacualpan, 
Purpus 3774. 


_ @Trimen (Hand. FI. Ceyl. 5: 154. 1900) states the following concerning this grass: 
“The well-known Guinea Grass was introduced from W. Trop. Africa into Jamaica 
about 1774, by Mr. John Ellis, as food for some birds which he had imported. The 
birds died, and the seed, being thrown away as useless, yielded a magnificent grass 
greedily eaten by cattle and horses. It was introduced into India in 1802 by Sir 
John Sinclair, and must have been rapidly disseminated, for I find a specimen in 
Rottler’s Herbarium (named P. menert, miltacea, var. (?) P. nodosum, nob.) received 
from Heyne, with the date, June 3, 1808. There is no record of its introduction into 
Ceylon, but it is included in Moon’s Catalogue, published in 1824.”’ 


80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


GUATEMALA: Escuintla, J. D. Smith 2705, 2706; Morales, Kellerman 6267; Alta 
Vera Paz, Cook & Griggs 579; Gualan, Deam 6268. 

Honpuras: Cortez, Kellerman 4725. 

Satvapor: Izalco, Pittier 1960; San Salvador, Velasco in 1906; without locality, 
Renson 293. 

Costa Rica: San José, Pittier 9050; Alajuelita, Pittier 2995, Tonduz 2995; 4 Baka 
Banana, Tonduz 9114; Zent Farm, Prttier in 1904. 

Bermupbas: Brown & Brion 20. 

BauHAMAS: Nassau, Curtiss W. I. Pl. 124; Eleuthra, Geogr. Soc. Baltimore 338. 

Cusa: Pinar del Rio, Palmer & Riley 377; El Guama, Palmer & Riley 178; San 
Diego de los Bafios Palmer & Riley 542, 545; Guanajay, Palmer & Riley 816; 
Santiago de las Vegas, Hitchcock 157, Wilson 438; Santiago, Leén & Voisard 
915, Pollard, Palmer & Palmer 283; Guines, Leén 427, Liebmann 445 in part; 
Herradura, Hitchcock 156; Guayabal, Leén 921; Marianao, Ledn 957. 

Jamarca: Gordon Town, Hart 797; Port Antonio, Fredholm 3319. 

Porto Rico: Cayey, Sintenis 2468; Mayaguez, Sintenis 51; El Sobrante, Eggers 
1226; Guanica, Sintensis 3366; Martin Pena, Heller & Heller 377. 

DANISH Wiese InpiEs: St. Croix, eae 200, 413; St. Thomas, Eggers in 1887, 
Millspaugh 454. 

LEEWARD Istanps: Guadeloupe, Duss 3186. 

WINDWARD IstANpDs: Martinique, Duss 1288; Barbados, Dash 259; Granada, 
Broadway in 1905. ; 

CotomsiA: Santa Marta, Smith 2153; Magdalena, Pittier 1617. 

VENEZUELA: Island of Margarita, Miller & Johnston 177. 

Braziu: Province of Ceara, Gardner in 1838; Rio, Glaziou 18627; without locality, 
Glaziou 16612, Riedel 53. 


40. Panicum plenum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants mostly in large clumps, 1 to 2 meters high, erect, from a stout rootstock, 
mostly glaucous; culms robust, compressed, glabrous, usually decumbent at base, 
sometimes branching at the lower nodes; sheaths 
overlapping on the short lower internodes, shorter 
than the upper, glabrous, or the lower sometimes 
pubescent toward the summit, more or less keeled; 
ligules densely ciliate, about 2 mm. long; blades 
erect or ascending, or the lower spreading, flat, 20 
to 35 cm. long, 7 to 17 mm. wide, glabrous on both 
surfaces or rarely sparsely pilose on either surface 
toward the base, the upper surface scarcely scab- 
rous; panicles 20 to 50 cm. long, about two-thirds 
as wide, the slender branches somewhat spreading, 
the general appearance much like that of P. bul- 

Fic. 69.—P. plenum. From type bosum but proportionately wider, the main axis 
specimen. nearly smooth; spikelets 3 to 3.4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. 

wide, oblong-elliptic, glabrous, rather strongly 

nerved; first glume scarcely half the length of the spikelet or less, subacute, 3-nerved: 
second glume and sterile lemma subequal, scarcely exceeding the fruit, the palea 


2Some of the Pittier collections were distributed with the name of Tonduz as col- 
lector. The numbers are in one series, some of the plants having been collected by 
Pittier, some by Tonduz, and a few by Biolley. The labels may be marked, ‘‘Herb. 
Instit. physico-geogr. nat. costaricensis,’’ or, ‘‘ Plantae costaricenses exsiccatae.” 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 81 


of the sterile floret about as long as its lemma; fruit 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
elliptic, acute, only very obscurely rugose, minutely puberulent at the apex. 

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 495701, collected September 18, 1903, ‘fat 
Mangas Springs, 18 miles northwest of 
Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico, 
by O. B. Metcalfe (no. 739), altitude 
4,770 feet.”’ 

This species is related to P. bulbosum 
from which it is distinguished chiefly 
by the creeping rootstock and decum- 
bent, not corm-like, base of the culms. 
Specimens lacking the base may be 
recognized by the compressed culm, 
scarcely scabrous blades, shorter first 
glume, and only very obscurely rugose 
fruit, appearing smooth except under 
a high power lens. Many specimens of this species have been distributed as P. 
avenaceum but an examination of the type specimen of the latter, together with the 
statement in the original description that the base is bulbous, shows it to be the 
same as P. bulbosum. 


Fic. 70.—Distribution of P. plenum. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist places in rocky hills and canyons, Texas to Arizona, south to southern Mexico. 

Texas: Kerrville, Heller 1898; Colorado, Tracy 8224; without locality, Nealley 
in 1887. 

New Mexico: Organ Mountains, Vasey in 1881; Wooton 2017; Mangas Canyon, 
Smith in 1896; Mangas Springs, Metcalfe 738, 739; Mangas, Metcalfe 6, 80 in 
part, J. K. Metcalfe in 1897, Smith in 1896; Greenwood Canyon, Smith in 
1896; Las Cruces, Griffiths 7400, 7401; ‘‘from Western Texas to El Paso,’’ 
N. M., Wright 786. 

Arizona: Santa Rita Forest Reserve, Griffiths 3427; Fort Huachuca, Wilcox in 
1894; Patagonia, Hitchcock 3649; Dos Cabezas, MacDougal 789; Mustang 
Mountains, Pringle 7 in 1884 (Hitchcock Herb.); without locality, Emersley 
in 1890. 

Mexico: Chihuahua, Wilkinson in 1885; Durango, Palmer 741 in 1896; Faral, 
Schumann 1733; Orizaba, Botterz 160; Las Cuevas, Hartman 170. 


41. Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. 


Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 99.1815. ‘‘Crescit in Nove His- 
panix scopulosis et frigidis juxta Santa Rosa, Los Joares et Guanaxuato, inter 1070 et 
1360 hexap. altitudinem.’’ The type specimen, from the Bonpland Herbarium in the 
Paris Herbarium, has a well developed corm. The accompanying label reads, ‘‘ Pani- 
cum bulbosum Kunth Synops. 175. in scopulosis & frigidis. Nova Hisp. alt. 1070- 
1360 hex. No. 4250.’ The spikelets are 3.7 mm. long. 

Panicum avenaceum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 99.1815. ‘‘Crescit in regno Qui- 
tenst, in valle amoena Chilloensi et planitie Cachapamba, regione subtemperata, alt. 1340 
hexap.’’ 'The type specimen, from the Bonpland Herbarium in the Paris Herbarium, 
bears a label with the following data: ‘‘Panicum avenaceum Kunth, Synops. 175. (P. 
bulbosum proximum) in valle amoena Chilla. alt. 1340 h. regn. Quitensis. No. 3016.”’ 
The base of the specimen is wanting, though the description states that it is bulbous. 
The spikelets are 4mm.long. These slightly larger spikelets and the few hairs on the 


41616°—voL 15—10——6 


82 _ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


sheaths are the only characters not agreeing with those of the type of P. bulbosum. 
The author states it is closely allied to that species and scarcely different from it. 

Panicum gongylodes Jacq. Eclog. Gram. 30. pl. 21. 1815-1820. The description is 
based on a plant grown in.the University garden at Vienna in 1807 from seed received 
from the Botanical Garden at Montpellier under 
the name Panicum altissimum Brouss.@ A speci- 
men labeled ‘‘Panicum gongylodes Jacq.”’ culti- 
vated in the garden at Vienna and preserved in 
the Vienna Herbarium is taken as authentic if 
not the type. Plate 21 of the Eclogae represents 
P. bulbosum. The date on the title-page of the 
fascicle in which this species appears, containing 
numbers 21 to 40, is 1815-1820. 

Panicum confusum Trin.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
174.1829. This name, credited to ‘‘ Herb. Trin.”’ 
is given as a synonym of P. gongylodes Jacq. 
No specimen so named was found in the Trinius 
Herbarium. ; 

Panicum nodosum Willd.; Steud. Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 260. 1841. This is given as a synonym of Panicum bulbosum and credited 

o ‘Willd. hrb.’? The type, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is P. bulbosum. 

Panicum maximum gongylodes Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 203. 1877. Based on P. 
gongylodes Jacq. 

Panicum maximum bulbosum Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 
295.1878. Presumably based on P. bulbosum H.B.K. ‘‘Jacq.’’ is erroneously given 
as authority for the combination. 

Panicum Palus cnn gongylodes Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 28. 1886. Based on uP. gon- 

gylodes Jacq.’ 

Panicum bulbosum avenaceum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 132.1896. Based on P. 
avenaceum H. B. K. 

Fournier} gives a ‘“‘S. -var. violaceum”’ under P. bulbosum H. B. K., citing ‘‘ Chi- 
nantla, in pratis (LizrBM[ANN] n. 451)”’ but giving no description. A specimen of this 
number was examined at Halle. There is also a specimen of the same in the United 
States National Herbarium bearing the name in Fournier’s writing. 


Fic. 71.—P. bulbosum. From type 
specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in tufts of few to several culms, 1 to 2 meters high; culms robust, erect, gla- 
brous, the lowest internode thickened into a hard, corm-like base, 1 to 2 em. thick, 
budding at the base, sometimes one or more corms of previous years attached; sheaths 
shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scabrous to pilose toward the summit, the 
lower often appressed-pubescent at base; ligules scarcely 1 mm. long; blades erect 
or ascending, flat, 25 to 60 cm. long, 3 to 12 mm. wide, scabrous on the upper 
surface, often pilose toward the base, glabrous beneath; panicles long-exserted, 20 
to 50 cm. long, usually about half as wide, rather many-flowered, the slender, flex- 
uous branches ascending or somewhat spreading, solitary or fascicled, naked at the 
base, the branchlets 1 to several cm. long, bearing scarcely clustered, rather short- 
pediceled spikelets, the axes and pedicels very scabrous; spikelets 3.5 to 4.2 mm. 
long, 1.2 to 1.4 mm. wide, slightly pointed, more strongly nerved than in P. mazi- 
mum, glabrous, commonly purplish; first glume half to two-thirds the length of the 
spikelet, bluntly pointed, 3-nerved; second glume shorter than the fruit and sterile 
lemma, the latter rarely inclosing a staminate flower; fruit 3.2 to 4 mm. long, nar- 


aThis name was listed without description in Brouss. Elench. Hort. Moe: 42. 
1805. We have not been able to verify this reference. 
bMex, Pl. 2: 27. 1886. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 83 


rowly ovate, more finely transversely rugose than in P. maximum, the bluntly pointed 
apex puberulent. 

The type specimen ot P. bulbosum represents the medium form of this species, 
which varies much in height, width of blades, and size of spikelets. Numerous 
specimens intermediate between this and the subspecies sciaphilum occur; that is, 
with the larger spikelets and narrower blades or smaller spikelets and wider blades. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist places in canyons and valleys of the Rocky and Sierra Madre mountains, New 
Mexico and Arizona to southern Mexico. 

New Mexico: Animas Valley, Mearns 2501; Black Range, Meicalfe 1422; Mangas, 
Metcalfe 80 in part; Burro Mountains, Rusby 445b; Las Vegas, Vasey in 1881; 
White Mounains, Wooton 368; 
Organ Mountains, Standley in 
1906. 

Arizona: Chiricahui Mountains, 
Toumey in 1896; Rincon Moun- 
tains, Nealley in 1891; Hua- 
chuca Mountains, Holzner1966, 
2079, 2163, Lemmon 2912, 2914, 
2916; Santa Catalina Moun- 
tains, Griffiths 7083; Walnut 
Canyon, MacDougal 336; Bar- 
foot Park, Blumer 1341; with- Fig. 72.—Distribution of P. bulbosum. 
out locality, Rusby in 1883. 

Mexico: Chihuahua, Hartman 790, Pringle 377, Nelson 6187, 6301; Sierra Madres, 
Townsend & Barber 221; San Luis Potosi, Parry & Palmer 958; Durango, 
Palmer 525a in 1896; Otinapa, Palmer 340 in 1906; Tejamen, Palmer 469 in 
1906 in part; Rio Blanco, Palmer 207 in part and 207a in 1886; Puebla, Purpus 
2908; Eslava, Holway 12, Pringle 9575; Valley of Toluca, Pringle 5207 (Hitch- 
cock Herb.); State of Jalisco, Rose 2609; Valley’ of Mexico, Bourgeau 235, 
Pringle 6418; Territorio de Tepic, Rose 1999, 3361; Chinantla, Iiebmann 441, 
442; Mount Orizaba, Bourgeau 2794, Seaton 317; Oaxaca, Conzatit & Gonzales 
243, Nelson 1374. 


41a. Panicum bulbosum sciaphilum (Rupr.). 


Panicum sciaphilum Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 19.1886. This name was listed with- 
out description by Ruprecht,¢ ‘“‘Col. H. Galeotti] 
NO. H1D9 8s ~ Vavezia’’--bemg ‘cited. and 
also by Hemsley.® Fournier cites ‘‘Sterra de 
Yavesia, 7,000’ (GAt[EoTTI] n. 5759 in herb. Brux. 
et Mus. Par.)’’ The type specimen is in the Brus- 
sels Herbarium. 
* Panicum bulbosum minor[us] Vasey, U.S. Dept. 
Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 38. 1889. ‘‘(P. maximum, 
var. bulbosum, Munro)” is cited and range is given 
s ‘‘Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.’’ Wright’s 
no. 2086 of the Mexican Boundary Survey in the 
National Herbarium marked ‘‘Panicum maximum 
Jacq. var. bulbosum Trin. (fide Munro)” is taken 
as the type, since this is doubtless the basis of Vasey’s 
understanding of Munro’s use of the name cited. This combination was earlierc 
listed without description by Vasey. 


Fic. 73.—P. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
From type specimen. 


2 Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 97: 240. 1842. c Grasses U. 8, 11. 1883. 
© Biol, Centr, Amer. Bot. 3: 496, 1885, 


84. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants less than 1 meter, sometimes only 30 to 40 cm. high; culms slender, few to 
many in loose clusters, the corms smaller, not over 8 mm. in diameter, commonly 
many together attached at the base to a rootstock; blades 10 to 40 cm., usually less 
than 25 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; spikelets 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long. 

As limited here this subspecies includes only those specimens having both the 
smaller spikelets and narrower blades. Many intergrading forms are included in the 


species. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Gravelly river banks, ravines of mesas and similar situations in the Rocky and 
Sierra Madre mountains from New Mexico and Arizona to central Mexico. 


New Mexico: Mangas, Smith in 1897; Las Vegas, Vasey in 1881; Mogollon Moun- 
tains, Metcalfe 357; Gray, Earle & Earle 180; Organ Mountains, Hitchcock 
3784; Niggerhead Mountains 
near Monument no. 82, Mearns 
1932; without locality, Wright 
2086. . 

Arizona: Chiricahui Mountains, 
Toumey 12; Santa Rita Moun- 
tains, Pringle in 1884; San 
Francisco Mountains Forest 
Reserve, Leiberg 5816; Burro 
Mountains, Rusby 445c in part; 
Yavapai County, Rusby in 
1883; Flagstaff, Jones 4019; Fic. 74.—Distribution of P. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
Patagonia, Hitchcock 3716; 

Huachuca Mountains, Griffiths 4811, Holzner 1729, 1742, Lemmon 2908, 2922; 
Fort Huachuca, Wilcox in 1891; Bill Williams Mountain, Lemmon 3152; 
Beaver Creek, Rusby 866; without locality, Rothrock 296. 

Mexico: Nogales, Griffiths 67854; Chihuahua, Nelson 6298; Cusihuiriachic, Pringle 
1406;«Otinapa, Palmer 348, 349, and 554 in 1906; Tejamen, Palmer 469 in 
1906 in part; Papasquiaro, Palmer 467 in 1896; Territorio de Tepic, Rose 2053. 


Virgata.—Perennials from stout rootstocks; mostly maritime species, with stout 
simple culms and firm foliage; ligules membranaceous, ciliate; panicles open 
or contracted; spikelets glabrous, mostly large, terete or thicker than wide, 
usually gaping, owing to the well-developed staminate floret and its palea 
in addition to the perfect one, the glumes and sterile lemma firm in texture, 
the fruit relatively rather small, smooth and shining, in some species the 
margins of the lemma scarcely inrolled. 

Spikelets not over 2.5 mm. long, first glume less than half the 

length of the spikelet. 
Panicles loosely flowered; first glume truncate, about 


one-fifth the length of the spikelet............... 42. P. repens. 
Panicles rather densely flowered; first glume triangular, 
about one-third the length of the spikelet......... 43. P. gowinr. 


Spikelets 3 to 7 mm. long (sometimes less than 3 mm. in P. 
virgatum cubense); first glume more than half the length 
of the spikelet. 
Panicles elongated, strongly contracted; seacoast plants. 
Culms rarely 1 meter high, solitary from the nodes of 
the) horizontal nooustoclkes = see eee 46. P. amarum. 
Culms J to 2 meters high, in dense tufts...........-- 47, F, amarulum, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 85 


Panicles diffuse, or only slightly contracted; plants some- 
times of salt marshes but not littoral. 
Spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; culms solitary, with a 
EAP ETMMEDARC Lo hos odes wx Ve acne ate Se ae 45. P. havardit. 
Spikelets less than 5 mm. long (in exceptional speci- 
mens 6 mm. long); culms erect, producing 
numerous scaly rootstocks. 
Panicles open, loosely-flowered; spikelets 3.5 to 
5 mm. long, beaked; first glume two-thirds 
the length of the spikelet or more, acumi- 
TEAL AZ Hye) OP U0 20 Rs SM ar cheap cpa AT ote gui 44. P. virgatum. 
Panicles somewhat contracted; spikelets not over 
3.2 mm. long, not beaked; first glume about 
half the length of the spikelet, not acumi- 
BAEC Hee ene ale he, Rt a AE Se med 2k Sa 44a. P. virgatum cub- 
ense. 


42. Panicum repens L. 


Panicum repens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 87. 1762. ‘‘ Habitat in Hispania? inde missum a 
Claud. Alstraemer.’’ The type specimen is in the Linnzean Herbarium. 

Pane nomtum Retz. Obs.. Bot; 4:18. 1786. “In: Sumatra *).* * D. 
WENNERBERG.”’ The specimen from Sumatra in the Willdenow Herbarium labeled 
Panicum notatum, though probably not the type, agrees with the description and 
may be regarded as an authentic specimen. 

Panicum arenarium Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 82. 1804. ‘‘ Hab. in arenosis subhumidis; 
occurrit in Algarbiis.’’ We have not seen the type specimen, but the ample descrip- 
tion and the plate given later by Brotero@ clearly identify this species with P. repens L. 

Panicum littorale Mohr; Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 4: 106. 1879. ‘‘Mobile, Alabama,’’ sent 
by ‘‘Mr. Chas. Mohr.’”’ The type specimen, in the National Herbarium, was collected 
by Dr. Mohr, July 4, 1877. 

A few other names based on Old World plants, the type specimens of which we 
have not seen, are referred to P. repens as synonyms 
by various authors. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Culms rigid, 30 to 80 cm. high, erect or ascending 
from the nodes of strong, horizontal, often extensively 
creeping rootstocks, simple, clothed at the base with 
bladeless, overlapping sheaths; upper leaves numer- 
ous, the sheaths usually overlapping, rather loose, 
more or less pilose, especially along the margin, or 
sometimes glabrous; ligules about 1 mm. long; blades 
4 to 15cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, or those of sterile 
shoots sometimes longer and wider, firm, stiffly ascending or spreading, often conspic- 
uously distichous, flat or folded, long-pilose at the base on the upper surface, other- 
wise sparsely pilose to glabrous on both surfaces; panicles rather short-exserted, 
stramineous, 7 to 12 cm. long, one-third to two-thirds as wide, the somewhat distant 
branches stiffly ascending, rarely spreading, usually naked at the base, bearing short, 
appressed branchlets with short-pediceled, approximate spikelets toward the ends; 
spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long, 1 to 1.1 mm. wide, ovate, abruptly pointed; first glume 


Fic. 75.—P. repens. From type 
specimens of P. littorale Mohr. 


a Brot. Phytog. Lusit. 1:15. pl. 6. 1816. 


86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


about one-fifth as long as the spikelet, broad, loose and truncate, obscurely nerved; 
second glume and sterile lemma equal, 5 to 7-nerved; fruit 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 
about 1 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sea beaches, extensively creeping and acting asa sandbinder, along the Gulf Coast, 
Alabama to Louisiana, native to trop- 
ical and subtropical coasts of both 
hemispheres. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Curtiss 6518, 
Kearney 17, Mohr in 1876, 1877, 
and 1882. 

MississiepPi: Biloxi, Chase 4377, 
Kearney 342, Pollard 1152; 
Horn Island, Tracy 3861; 
Ocean Springs, Tracy 38; Deer 
Island, Tracy in 1898. 

Louisiana: Cameron, Cocks 2186, 
Baton Rouge (in rice fields 
along the Mississippi River), Fulton in 1907; Plaquemines County, Langlois 
in 1882; Pointe a la Hache, Langlois in 1884. 

NicaArAGcua: Flint in 1868. 

Cusa: Habana, Ledén 296, 563. 

Braziu: Itajahy, Ule 567. 


Fig. 76.—Distribution of P. repens. 


43. Panicum gouini Fourn. 


Panicum gouini Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 28. 1886. This name was earlier listed without 
description by Hemsley.¢ Fournier cites ‘‘ Vera Cruz (GouIn n. 4, julio).”’ The 
type specimen is in the Paris Herbarium. 

Panicum gouint pumilum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 28.1886. This name was earlier listed 
without description by Hemsley.¢ Fournier cites two specimens as follows: ‘‘ Vera 
Cruz (VirtfeT] n. 1300); Antigua in pratis humidis (LizrBM[ANN] n. 450).”’ The first 
could not be found; the second, in the Copenhagen Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘ Panicum 
Gouini Fourn.”’ in Fournier’s writing. It consists of six small plants of this species. 
A specimen of this number in the United States National Herbarium, also labeled 
in Fournier’s hand, is also this species. 

Panicum repens confertum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 25. 1886. ‘“‘Collected in 
Louisiana by A. B. Langlois.’? The type, in the 
National Herbarium, was collected ‘“‘ In sandy beach 
of Gulf, Blay] St. Louis, Miss., 13 Sept., 1883,’ the 
published locality being an error, doubtless due to 
the fact that the printed label bears Langlois’s home 
address, ‘‘Pointe-a-la-Hache, La.,’’ the written 
locality being overlooked. 

Panicum halophilum Nash in Lloyd & Tracy, 
Bull. Torrey Club 28: 86. 1901. Based on “‘P. 

Bear argu ti ee LOL repens Li. var. confertum Vasey, not P. confertum 

aon Desv. 1816.’’ A description is given and one 
specimen cited, Petit Bois Island, Miss., Tracy 4566. 


a Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 489. 1885. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 87 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants like P. repensain habit; culms on the average lower, rarely over 30 cm. high; 
sheaths and blades usually glabrous, more crowded than common in P. repens; panicle 
smaller, narrower, more densely flowered, commonly purple; spikelets 2 to 2.4 mm. 
long, about 1 mm. wide; first glume broadly triangular, one-third to nearly half the 
length of the spikelet; second glume slightly shorter than the sterile lemma. 

This species is closely allied to P. repens and approached by occasional specimens 
of that species, which varies more than does this. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sea beaches, along the Gulf Coast from Alabama to Louisiana and south to Vera 
Cruz; also on the coast of Uruguay. 
We have seen no specimens of this 
species from the Old World. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1881. 

Mississippi: Mississippi Sound, 
Smith in 1885; Horn Island, 
Tracy 7753; Deer Island, Sey- 
mour in Seymour & Earle 
Mex. Gulf Fl. 91825; Ship Is- 
land, Tracy in 1898; Petit Bois 
Island, Tracy 4566; Bay St. 
Louis, Langlois in 1883. Fig. 78.—Distribution of P. gouini. 

Mexico: Vera Cruz, Miller 2177, 
Pringle 5569 (Hitchcock Herb.); Antigua, Liebmann 450; Coatzacoalcos, C. L. 
Smith 913. 

Urueuay: Maldonado, Baldwin (Hitchcock Herb.). 


44. Panicum virgatum L. 


Panicum virgatum L. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753. Linnzeus gives a short diagnosis of his 
own, also quotes a diagnosis from Gronovius, and gives as habitat ‘‘Virginia.’? The 
type specimen, in the Linnean Herbarium, appears to have been received from 
Gronovius as the sheet bears Gronovius’s phrase name and the number 578, which is 
the Clayton number referred to by Gronovius.¢ Gronovius’s specimen of Clayton’s 
no. 578, in the herbarium of the British Museum agrees with the Linnzean specimen. 
These represent the medium form of the species with open panicle and spikelets 4.1 
to 4.2 mm. long. Clayton’s no. 606 is the same. 

Panicum coloratum Walt. F1. Carol. 73. 1788, not L. 1767. There is no specimen 
of this in Walter’s herbarium. The brief description applies well to P. virgatum, to 
which Pursh® referred Walter’s species. 

Eatonia purpurascens Raf. Journ. de Phys. 89: 104. 1819. For locality the author 
gives’ ‘‘ Dans les marais maritimes de New-York, etc.’’ Inthe De Candolle Herbarium 
is a specimen from Rafinesque so named by him. It bears the data ‘‘ Long Island, 
Rafinesque 1819.’’ This consists of a leaf and a narrow panicle of P. virgatum, with 
spikelets 3.5 mm. long. Rafinesque’s description well agrees with this species but 
his comparisons of it with other genera and especially the names he gives as synony- 
mous are misleading.¢ 

Panicum pruinosum Bernh.; Trin. Gram. Pan. 191. 1826. This is given as a 


syhonym of P. virgatum Bglaucum. Trinius states ““V.spp. Am. bor. (BERNHARDI sub 
a 


a¥Fl. Virg. 2: 133. 1748. ¢See Scribner, Rhodora 8: 137-138. 1906. 
6 Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 67. 1814. 


88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


nom. Panic pruinosi.)”’ The type, in the Berlin Herbarium, is labeled by Bernhardi 
‘Panicum pruinosum mihi, Delaware, affine P. virgato.’’ The spikelets are 4.5 mm. 
long. 

Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 340. 1849. ‘‘Im trockenen felsigen 
Flussbett des Cibolo zwischen San Antonio und Neubraunfels: Lindheimer. August.”’ 
We have not seen the type, but in the Engelmann Herbarium is a specimen of P. 
virgatum collected by Lindheimer, which appears to be a duplicate type. It is 
labeled ‘‘Auf felsigen Boden im Bett der Cibolo. Sept.”’ 

Panicum glaberrimum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 94. 1854. ‘‘Cultum ex H. Berol. 
sem. 1840. sub Ichnanthus glaber. Link. Am.sptr.’’ The type, in the Steudel Herba- 
rium, is labeled ‘‘Panicum glaberrimum Steud. Cultum in H. Berol. comun. Hohen- 
acker.”’ 

Ichnanthus glaber Link; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 94. 1854. This name is men- 
tioned under Panicum glaberrimum. 

Panicum kunthi Fourn.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 490. 1885, not Steud. 
1841. Based on ‘‘Panicum coloratum Kunth, Enum. * * * not L.’’ Kunth 
refers ‘‘P. virgatum Muhl.”’ to P. coloratum L. as a synonym, probably basing this 
reference upon a note which Muhlenberg @ appends to his description of P. virgatum, 
‘“¢Non virgatum sed coloratum L.’ Smith.’’ The species described by Muhlenberg 
under this name is true P. virgatum L., and the specimen so labeled in the Muhlenberg 
Herbarium must be taken as the type of P. kunthii Fourn. Fournier intended to 
change the name of P. coloratum Kunth, not L., which must refer to the Muhlenberg 
species, as the other references are to P. coloratum L. Fournier’s later description 5 
of P. kunthii and the specimens cited refer to P. elephantipes. A synonym cited, 
P. arenarium [Brot. misapplied by] Schlecht., is P. gowini. 

Panicum ichnanthoides Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 30. 1886. This name was earlier listed 
_ without description by Hemsley.¢ Fournier cites ‘ Orizaba (F. MUut[ER] n. 2082 
in herb. Petror.)” The specimen in the herbarium of the Botanical Garden in 
St. Petersburg labeled as above is Miller 2002, the number as printed being an error. 
The panicle is narrow, the spikelets 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long. 

Panicum virgatum confertum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 26. 1886. Vasey gives 
no definite locality, merely stating that the variety grows, ‘‘particularly on the sea 
coast.’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘Seashore at Atlantic 
City, N. J., Geo. Vasey, 1884.’’ The panicles are narrow and compact, about 20 cm. 
long and 5 cm. wide. The spikelets are about 3.5 mm. long. 

Panicum virgatum elongatum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 26. 1886. No defi- 
nite locality is given. The type, in the National Herbarium, was collected at White 
River, South Dakota, August, 1892, by E. N. Wilcox, no. 13. This is an immature 
specimen, the long narrow panicle and slender spikelets, as described, being due to 
immaturity. This name is not based on P. elongatum Pursh, since Vasey says, “‘per- 
haps this is the Panicum elongatum of Pursh.”’ 

Panicum virgatum diffusum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 26. 1886. ‘‘Sandy prai- 
ries, Kansas, Colorado, etc.’’ No specimen bearing this name can be found in the 
National Herbarium nor any from Kansas or Colorado collected before 1886. Palmer’s 
no. 376 from Indian Territory in 1868, with a very large and diffuse panicle and 
marked ‘‘P. virgatum?’’ by Vasey well answers his brief description. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants erect, usually 1 to 2 meters high, producing numerous scaly, creeping root- 
stocks, glabrous throughout except as noted, commonly purple tinged, often glaucous, 
especially on the internodes and upper surface of the blades; culms in large to small 
clumps or even solitary, simple, robust, tough and hard; sheaths longer than the rather 
short lower internodes, usually shorter than the upper ones, often ciliate, sometimes 


@ Descr. Gram. 120. 1817. ¢ Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 490. 1885. 
6 Mex. Pl. Gram. 2: 29. 1886. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 89 


villous at the throat; ligules dense, 2 to 4 mm. long; blades ascending, 10 to 60 cm. 
long, 3 to 15 mm. wide, slightly narrowed toward the base, and gradually long-acu- 
minate, flat, sometimes pilose on the upper 
surface toward the base, rarely to the apex, 
margins scabrous; panicles long-exserted, 15 to 
50 cm. long, mostly one-third to half as wide, ° 
but sometimes contracted, or very loose and 
nearly as wide as long, usually many-flowered, 
the slender, scabrous, usually fascicled branches 
ascending or spreading, naked at base, repeat- 
edly branching along the upper half or two- 
thirds; spikelets rather short-pediceled, 3.5 to 
5 mm., rarely but 3 or as much as 6 mm. long, 
1.2 to 1.5 mm. wide, elliptic-ovate, acuminate, 
strongly nerved; first glume clasping, two-thirds 
to three-fourths the length of the spikelet, rarely 
equaling the sterile lemma, acuminate to cus- 
pidate, 5-nerved; second glume longer than the 
sterile lemma, both much exceeding the fruit, 5 to 7-nerved; fruit narrowly ovate, the 
margins of the lemma inrolled only at base. 

This species is well marked but variable. The blades are usually glabrousor 
pilose above near the base only. Sometimes, however, the entire upper surface or 
even both surfaces are pilose. Examples of this are: Minnesota: Mearns 748; 
Sout Daxota: Thornber; NEBRASKA: Rydberg 1561; Kansas: Smyth92; Groraia: 
Tracy 3604, Harper 631; Fiorrpa: Combs 597; ALABAMA: Carver 72; MISSISSIPPI: 
Chase 4459. ; 

The form named by Vasey P. virgatum confertum, with more or less compact panicles, 
is represented by: New Jersey: Scribner in 1895, Vasey in 1884, Ward in 1884; Vir- 
GINIA: Knowlton in 1897; NortH Carouina: McCarthy in 1885; Ftoripa: Kearney 158. 

The size of the panicle is variable, in northern specimens being often much dwarfed. 
The branches may be stiffly ascending or laxly spreading or drooping, these characters 
not being codrdinate with others. The glaucous character also appears to be without 
Significance in separating forms, glaucous and green individuals growing under the 
same conditions. All these variations are connected by all shades of intergradation 
with the typical form. 

Throughout the western portion of the range of the species there is found, chiefly 
on sandy soil, a form with mostly single or loosely cespitose culms, often decumbent 
at base, pale green or glaucous foliage, and small panicles with ascending branches. 
We have been unable to separate this ona as a subspecies because of the numerous 
intergrading specimens. The following, which are not cited under the distribution 
of the species, are representative of this form: SourH Daxorta: Huron, Williams in 
1892; Bellefourche, Griffiths 395; White River, Wallace 3, 4, 5; Iowa: Cherokee 
County, Crozier in 1888; Nepraska: Sidney, Plank 13; Mullen, Rydberg 1597; Kan- 
sas: Morton County, Hitchcock Pl. Kans. 570a; Texas: Tascora, Reverchon 2844; 
Channing, Williams 3061; Cotorapo: Raton Mountains, Griffiths 5463; Arizona: 
Flagstaff, MacDougal 265; without locality, Lemmon 3154. 

The spikelets are frequently affected by a smut, this sometimes resulting in abnor- 
mal forms with spikelets in glomerules or with two to several staminate or abortive 
florets to a spikelet, as in Sandberg from Minnesota in 1891 and Brandegee from 
Colorado in 1878. 


Frq. 79.—P. virgatum. From type specimen 
in Gronovius Herbarium. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


- Prairies, moist open ground, open woods and salt marshes, Maine to Wyoming and 
south to Florida and Arizona, southwest through 7° to Costa Rica; also in the 
Bermudas and Trinidad. 

Marne: Scarboro, Chamberlain 552. 
New Hampsuire: Walpole, Fernald 271 (N. E. Bot. Club Herb.). 


90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Vermont: Brattleboro, Grout in 1895. 

MassacuusetTts: South Hadley, Cook in 1887. 

RuHovDE IstanpD: Newport, Hitchcock 170. ; 

Connecticut: Fairfield, Hames in 1896; South Glastonbury, Wilson 1251. 

New York: Cayuga Lake, Dudley in 1884, 

Ontario: Toronto, Macoun 26324. 

New JERSEY: Stockton, /isher in 1897; Camden, Scribner 104; Atlantic City, 
Scribner in 1895, Vasey in 1884, Ward in 1884. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Econ Porter in 1895; Sayre, Barbour in Kneucker Gram. Ex8. 
302; Safe Harbor, Heller in1893; 
iyi, Small in 1888. 

Onto: Sandusky, Morris 53, 124; 
Columbus, Fischer 6801; Cedar 
Point, Wilkinson 6805. 

Inpriana: Dune Park, Umbach1922; 
Indiana Harbor, Deam 2638; 
Pine, Umbach in 1898; Clarke, 
Umbach in 1896; Lafayette, 
Dorner 12, 85. 

Inunois: Lake County, Gleason & 
Shobe326; Chicago, Chase 1178, Fig. 80.—Distribution of P. virgatum. 

1636; Joliet, Skeels 470; Oregon, 
Waite in 1885; Thawville, Wilcox100; Wady Petra, V. H.Chase 73 in 1897; Prince- 
ville, V. H. Chase 818; Peoria, Brendel, McDonald 59; Athens, Hall in 1870. 

MicuicaN: Lansing, Beal in 1881 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

WISCONSIN: Witches Gulch, Cheney 3868; without locality, Wood in 1889. 
Minnesota: Pipestone City, Sheldon in 1891; Chippewa County, Moyer 42; St. 
Paul, Blanchard in 1890; Fort Snelling, Mearns 743 in part, 758, 769, 793. 
Manirogpa: Brandon, Macoun 13231; Assiniboine River, Macoun 29303; Red 

Deer River, Macoun 29304. 

SASKATCHEWAN: Saskatoon, Macoun 73003. 

Norra Daxota: Minot, Waldron 1813; Davenport, Wright 1866; Dunseith, 
Brannon 99. 

Sourn Daxota: Aberdeen, Griffiths 82, 132; Black Hills, Rydberg 1097; Frankfort, 
Griffiths 53; Huron, Griffiths 22; Aurora, Wilcox 54; Brookings, Wilcox 15; 
Jamesville, Bruce 16; Grindstone, Griffiths 751; Bellefourche, Griffiths 371; 
Redfield, Griffiths 206; White Horse Camp, Griffiths 295; Zell, Griffiths 242; 
Dell Rapids, Thornber in 1892; White River, Wilcox 13. 

Iowa: Armstrong, Shimek 63; Spirit Lake, Geyer in 1839; Fayette County, Fink 459; 
Mount Pleasant, Mills 770; Iowa City, Somes 189, 219; Murray, Morris A 294. 

Nesraska: North Platte, Rydberg 2516, Shear 767; Talmage, Elmore 6, 126; 
Pishelville, Clements 2742; Broken Bow, Plank 57; Mullen, Rydberg 1561. 

Missourtr: Courtney, Bush 705 in part, 4038; Allenton, Letterman in 1892; 
Jefferson County, Eggert in 1896; Monteer, Bush 5105. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Mtchcock 3840; Riley County, Norton 570; Hutchinson, 
Smyth 9; Osborne City, Shear 223; Wichita, Smyth 230, 257; Florence, Gri/- 
jiths 5047; Morton County, Hitchcock 6274; Platt, Smyth 92. 

DELAWARE: Kimensi, Commons in 1897. 

MaryLANpD: Cumberland, Shriver 610; River View, Blanchard in 1891; Bay Ridge, 
Scribner in 1897; Chesapeake Beach, Chase 2528, Hitchcock 442, 2391, House 
358; Anne Arundel County, Smith in 1879; High Island, Dewey 134, Steele in 
1896, Scribner in 1894; Great Falls, Steele. 

District or CotumsBia: Kearney in 1897, Pollard 595, Steele in 1896, Ward in 1871. 

VirainiA: Chain Bridge, Chase 3623; Rosslyn, Topping in 1895; Hampton, 
McCarthy in 1883; Virginia Beach, Hitchcock 171, Kearney 2018; Dismal 
Swamp, Chase 3676; Walnut Point, Knowlton in 1897. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 91 


West Vircinia: Tucker County, Greenman 47 (Gray Herb.). 

NortH CaRouina: Wilmington, Kearney 267a; Tarboro, McCarthy in 1883 and 
1885; Swanquarter, Ashe in 1898; West Raleigh, Stanton 1283; Biltmore, Bilt- 
more Herb. 700c. 

SoutH CaroLina: Charleston, Donaldson in 1888; Isle of Palms, Hitchcock 226; 
St. Helena Island, Cuthbert in 1905. 

GroretiA: Early County, Harper 1220; Sumter County, Harper 429, 631, 1037; 
Albany, Tracy 3604. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 3609, 5084, Combs 8, 14, Kearney 158; Pilani: 
Combs 63, 66; Lake City, Combs 119; Madison, Combs 235, 267; Monticello, 
Combs 348; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 700b; De Funiak Springs, Combs 
437, 458, 473, 475; Bay Head, Combs 645, 646, 647, 654; Chipley, Combs 537, 
579, 597; Old Town, Combs 887; Gainesville, Combs 722; Waldo, Combs 695. 
703; Eustis, Nash 1761; Manatee, Combs 1297; Arcadia, Combs 1249, 1280; 
Myers, Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 491; Miami, Chase 3900, Hitchcock 728; without 
locality, Rugel 595. 

Kentucky: Clays Ferry, Peter in 1834 (Ky. State Univ. Herb.). 

TENNESSEE: Hollow Rock, Biltmore Herb. 700a. 

ALABAMA: Valley Head, Ruth 76; Auburn, Harle & Baker in 1897, Tracy in 1897; 
Birmingham, McCarthy in 1888; Tuskegee, Carver 72; Mobile, Kearney 20 in 
part. 

Mississipri: Starkville, Chase 4459, 4460, Kearney 82; Waynesboro, Kearney 168; 
Jackson, Smith in 1885; Batesville, Eggert 126; Biloxi, Tracy 3660, 3762 in 
part, 3763; Ocean Springs, Kearney 298, Tracy in 1889; Point St. Martin, 
Tracy 4565; Bay St. Louis, Langlois 34. 

ARKANSAS: Batesville, Coville in 1887; Benton County, Plank 68; without locality, 
Harvey in 1882. 

Lovistana: Oberlin, Ball 192. 

Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1622; Gill County, Jermy 219; Jacksonville, Plank 18; 
Clarksville, Plank 4; Trinity Bay, Joor in 1884; Wallisville, Wallis in 1880; 
Gillespie County, Jermy 787; Luling, Plank 21; Lampasas, Joor 23; Harris 
County, Joor 34; Paloduro, Gardner 18; Texline, Griffiths 5664; Waller County, 
Thurow in 1898; Eagle Pass, Havard 84; Fort Concho, Havard in 1881; Moore 
County, Carleton 422; without locality, Lindheimer 733, Reverchon 22, 32. 

OxiaHoma: Verdigris River, Blankinship in 1895; False Washita, Palmer 376 
in 1868; without locality, Sheldon in 1891. 

Montana: Glendive, Ward in 1883. 

Wyromine: Laramie County, A. Nelson 3626, EH. Nelson 330, 476; Glen Rock, 
A. Nelson 8386. 

Cotorapbo: Fort Callins, Crandall & Cowen 550; Denver, Tracy 912; Millers 
Ranch, Fry 3371; Golden, Rydberg 2508, Shear 756; Meadow Park, Shear 606; 
La Veta, Shear 819; Canyon City, Shear 980; Trimble Springs, Baker, Earle & 
Tracy 962, Selig 1264; La Salle, Rydberg 2512. 

‘Nevapa: Ash Meadows, Purpus in 1898. 

' Ntw Mexico: Tesuque, Wooton 2936; Grant County, Rusby 445; Pecos, Stand- 
ley 5289. 

Arizona: San Francisco Mountains, Leiberg 5732; Tuscon, Touwmey 7814; Oak 
Creek, MacDougal 474; Yavapai County, Basha in 1883; Bauer Creek, nA 
in 1883; Flagstaff, Dn in 1894; Turkey Tanks, Woaion 2001. 

Mexico: State of Jalisco, Palmer 207 and 510 in 1886; Chiapas, Nelson 2975; 
Orizaba, Botteri 648. 

Honvuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 532. 

Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3619. 

Bermupas: Brown & Britton 358, Moore 2850 (both in Field Mus. Herb.). 

TRINIDAD: Without data (Gray Herb.). 


92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


44a. Panicum virgatum cubense Griseb. 


Panicum virgatum cubense Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. The only specimen 
mentioned by Grisebach is, ‘‘Wr. a. 1865,’’ that is, collected in Cuba by Wright in 
1865. The type, in the Grisebach Herbarium, bears 
the number 183 and is labeled ‘Low savannas, 
Hanabana, May 19.”’ 

Panicum virgatum obtusum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 
392.1874. ‘“‘N.J.’’ [New Jersey]. The whereabouts 
of the type, if it be in existence, is not known. 
The diagnosis ‘‘ Panicle contracted ;spikeletssmaller, 
not pointed, obtusish,’’ seems sufficiently to indi- 
“cate this subspecies. 

Panicum virgatum breviramosum Nash, Bull. Tor- 
rey Club 28: 150.1896. ‘‘Collected by Dr. Small 
in clay soil in the pine lands about Augusta, 
Georgia, where it was common, June 27—July 1, 
1895.”’ The type, in Columbia University Herba- 
rium, is a slender plant with narrow panicles about 12 cm. long and 3 to 4 cm. wide, 
rather compactly flowered, and as a whole very like Wright’s no. 183 mentioned above. 


Fig. 81.—P. virgaium cubense. From 
type specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Differs from P. virgatum in having culms more slender than usual in the species, 
solitary or few in a clump, usually narrow panicles with ascending branches, and. 
smaller spikelets, 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long, 
the first glume usually about half the 
length of the spikelet, acute but usually 
not acuminate-pointed, the second 
glume and sterile lemma about equal 
and but slightly exceeding the fruit, 
the latter about 2 mm. long. 

This combination of characters fails 
to hold throughout. A few of the 
specimens cited below have open pan- 
icles, but the small, obtuse spikelets 
with shorter first glume; others have Fig. 82.—Distribution of P. virgatum cubense. 
the panicle characteristic of the sub- 
species but an acuminate-pointed first glume to the small spikelets. The following 
represent these intermediate specimens: CONNECTICUT: Graves 244; New JERSEY: 
Pearce in 1884; NortH Carouina: McCarthy in 1885; fPLORMDES Chie 3859, 3860, 
Eitchcock 743, iene 37. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Pine woods, the Atlantic Coastal Plain from Connecticut to Florida; also in the 
Bermudas and Cuba. 


ConNECTICcUT: Groton, Graves 244. 

New Yorx: Aquebogue, Scribner in 1872 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3573; New Durham, Van Sickle in 1895; without 
locality, Pearce in 1884. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Smith 109. 

MaryLANp: College Park, Novik in 1907. 

Virainta: Ashland, DeChalmot; Portsmouth, Noyes 87. 

NortH Carouina: Edenton, Kearney 1899; Tarboro, McCarthy in 1885; Wil- 
mington, Chase 3144, Goweile 104, ue y 267b; Hendersonville, Biloraae 
Herb. 700e. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 93 


SoutH Carorina: Elgin, House 2575; Camden, House 2668. 

Grorcia: Camp Cornelia, Ricker 936; Augusta, Cuthbert 1015, Small in 1895. 

Froriwa: Homof%assa, Combs 930; Cedar Key, Combs 774; Jensen, ENtcheock 743; 
Sanibel Island, Hume 37; Miami, Chase 3859, 3860; Big Pine Key, Simpson 


300. 


MisstsstpP1: Scranton, Pollard 1201; Biloxi, Tracy 3762 in part. 


BerMuDAS: Stone in 1888 (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 


CusA: Batabano, Hitchcock 153; Palmer & Riley 1134; without locality, Wright 


3873. 


45. Panicum havardii Vasey. 


Panicum virgatum macranthum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 26. 1886, not Panicum 


Fic. 83.—P. havardii. From type specimen. 


macranthum Trin.1826. ‘‘Col- 
lected by Dr. Havard, in the 
Guadalupe Mountains, Tex- 
as.’’ The type, in the Na- 
tional Herbarium, collected in 
1881, is labeled in Vasey’s 
hand with the data as pub- 
lished. It consists of the up- 
per portion of a robust culm, 
the large and open panicle 
measuring 40 cm. long and 30 
cm. wide, the spikelets nearly 
7 mm- long. 

Panicum havardii Vasey, Bull. 
Torrey Club 14: 95. 1887. 
Based upon the type of 
Panicum virgatum macranthum 
Vasey. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants 1 meter or more tall, 
pale green, glaucous, glabrous 
throughout; culms robust, sol- 


itary, erect from creeping rootstocks, simple; sheaths longer than the internodes; 
ligules dense, about 3 mm. long; blades erect or ascending, 25 to 40 cm. long, 5 to 10 
mm. wide, broadest at the base, tapering into long, involute-setaceous tips, some- 
times pilose on the upper surface at the base; panicles short-exserted, as much as 


40 cm. long, half tc three-fourths as 
wide, loosely flowered, the mostly ver- 
ticillate branches ascending or finally 


spreading; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, - 


about 2 mm. wide, ovate, acuminate, 
strongly nerved; first glume clasping, 
half to two-thirds the length of the 
spikelet, acuminate; second glume 
slightly shorter than the sterile lemma, 
both exceeding the fruit, 7 to 9-nerved; 
fruit 4.5 to 5 mm. long, about 1.8 mm. 
wide, narrowly ovate, the margin of 
the lemma inrolled only at base. 


Fic. 84.—Distribution of P. havardii. 


This apparently rare species resembles P. virgatum from which it differs in the 
decumbent base of the solitary culms and in thelarger spikelets, 


94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Arroyos and sandhills, western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. 


Texas: Guadalupe Mountains, Havard in 1881; without locality, Nealley in 1887. 
New Mexico: Las Vegas, Vasey in 1880; Roswell, Griffiths 5735. 
Mexico: Paso del Norte, Pringle 1124 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


46. Panicum amarum Ell. 


Panicum amarum Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 1: 121.1816. ‘‘ Grows among the sand- 
hills on the seashore,’ presumably of South Carolina and Georgia. No specimen of 
this could be found in the Elliott Herbarium.¢ The description is as follows: ‘‘ Plant 
very glabrous; leaves thick, glaucous; panicle appressed; glumes acuminate. Root 
perennial? Stem 2-3 feet high, columnar, thick, nearly an half inch in diameter. 
Leaves nearly flat, almost coriaceous, the margins very entire; sheaths shorter than the 
joints, tinged with yellow; the throat contracted, purple; stipules villous. Panicle 
large, branches all appressed. lowers very large. Peduncles, which in every other 
species are very scabrous, and generally hairy, are glabrous and nearly smooth. 
Calyx 2-flowered, hermaphrodite and male; valves glabrous and tinged with purple. 
Corolla, valve of the male floret as 
large as those of the hermaphrodite. 
* * * Grows among the sandhills 
on the seushore. Leaves excess- 
ively bitter.’’ The greater part of 
this description will be seen to apply 
equally well to the cespitose species 
to which the name P. amarum has 
been applied and to P. amaroides 
Scribn. & Merr. Scribner and Mer- 
rill® accepted the cespitose form as 
the true P. amarum, but the fact 
that P. amaroides and not the cespi- 
tose species grows on the coast of 
North and South Carolina, and espe- 
cially that it is abundant on the Isle 
of Palms in Charleston Harbor, Elli- 
ott’s own locality, casts doubt on the 
correctness of this identification of 
Elliott’s species. In the description 
quoted above ‘‘Panicle appressed” 
seems to indicate P. amaroides, as 
does the query after ‘“‘root peren- 
nial.’? There could be no doubt 
about the cespitose species (unless one had only a specimen without the base), 
while in P. amaroides the horizontal rootstock is deep in the sand and the solitary 
culms are readily detached from it. ‘‘Stem 2-3 feet high” apples much better to 
P. amaroides, since the allied species is rarely as low as 3 feet. ‘‘ Leaves excessively 
bitter” is true of P. amaroides while those of the cespitose species are but slightly or 
not at all bitter. On the whole the evidence is so strongly in favor of P. amaroides as 


Fig.85.—P.amarum. From type specimen of P.amarum 
minus Vasey. 


@ Scribner and Merrill (U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 29: 5. 1901) state that 
‘“The specimen in the Herbarium of Elliott under this name is a robust form of 
Panicum virgatum Linn.’’ This name, however, was added later, since it is initialed 
“H.W. R.”’ [Ravenel.] The original label bears an unpublished name, 

bU.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 29; 5, 1901, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 95 


the plant described by Elliott as P. amarum that we are forced to apply his name to 
the species named P. amaroides. In the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy is 
a specimen of this species bearing two tickets reading respectively “Panicum 
amarum” and ‘Elliott S. C.,’’ the former being in the handwriting found in the 
Elliott Herbarium. While this may not be the type, it would seem to be an authentic 
specimen. A second specimen of this species in the same herbarium bears a ticket ° 
reading ‘“‘Georg. Baidw.’’ 

Panicum amarum minor[us] Vasey & Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 38. 
1889. ‘‘Fortress Monroe, Va., and northward, near the coast.’’ The type specimen, 
in the National Herbarium, was collected by Dr. Vasey at Fort Monroe, Va., in 1879. 

Panicum amaroides Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 29: 5. f. 1. 
1901. Based on P. amarum minus Vasey & Scribn. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants glaucous and glabrous throughout; culms solitary from the ‘nodes of exten- 
sively creeping, horizontal rootstocks, simple or occasionally branching from the 
lower nodes, 30 cm. to 1 meter high; sheaths overlapping but commonly narrow and 
partially exposing the short, very glaucous internodes; ligules dense and silky, about 
3mm. long; blades ascending or spreading, thick, 10 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 12 mm. wide, 
broadest at the base, flat below, involute toward the tip, margins smooth; panicles 
short-exserted or included at base, one-fourth to one-third the height of the plant, 
or sometimes more, not over 3 cm. wide, mostly few-flowered, the distant, appressed 
branches bearing scattered, short, appressed branchlets with approximate, short- 
pediceled spikelets; spikelets 5 to 6.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide and as much as 3 
mm. thick, narrowly ovate, acuminate, strongly nerved; first glume clasping, two- 
thirds to three-fourths the length of the spikelet, acuminate, 7 to 9-nerved, the 
midnerve usually scabrous toward the apex; second glume slightly longer than the 
sterile lemma, both much exceeding the fruit, 9-nerved, the midnerves scabrous 
toward the apex; fruit 3.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, narrowly ovate. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy seashores and coast dunes, Connecticut to Georgia; also on islands off the 
coast of Mississippi. An important sand binder. 


Connecticut: New Haven, Winton in 1887. 
New Yor«: Long Island, Miller, Young in 1872; Staten Island, Tyler in 1895. 
New Jersrty: Cape May, Burk in , 
1881 (Hitchcock Herb.). 
DELAWARE: Cedar Neck, Com- 
mons 228 in 1875; Lewes, 
ENitchcock 227; without locality, 
Canby. 

MARYLAND: Bay Ridge, Scribner 
in 1897. 

Vireinia: Fort Monroe, McCarthy 
in 1883, Vasey in 1879; Ports- 
mouth, Noyes 66 in 1895; 
Ocean View, Vasey in 1890; Fig. 86.—Distribution of P. amarum. 
Virginia Beach, Hitchcock 
169, Kearney 2064, Mackenzie 1736, Williams 3089. 

Nortx Carona: Ocracoke Island, Kearney 2317; Brunswick County, McCarthy; 
Wilmington, Hitchcock 441; without locality, McCarthy in 1885. 

South Caro.ina: Isle of Palms, Chase 4555. 

GeorGiA: Tybee Island, Harper 742. 

Mississippi: Horn Island, Tracy 2854 and in 1897, 


96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


47. Panicum amarulum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants glaucous but less so than in P.amarum, glabrous throughout, cespitose 
in large bunches sometimes as much as a meter across, 1 to 2 meters high; culms 
simple above the base, stout, some- 
times 1 cm. thick; sheaths mostly 
overlapping; ligules dense, about 3 
mm. long; blades erect or ascending, 
20 to 50 cm. long, 5 to 12 mm. wide, 
broadest at the base, more or less 
involute, pilose at the base on the 
upper surface; panicles finally ex- 
serted, one-third the height of the 
plant or more, 5 to 10 cm. wide, 
shghtly nodding, compact, densely 
flowered, the long, fascicled branches 
erect but more or less spreading at. 
their tips, spikelet-bearing from the. 
base; spikelets short-pediceled, 4.3 to 
5.5 mm. long, 1.7 to 2 mm. wide, 
narrowly ovate, acuminate, strongly 
nerved; first glume half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, acuminate, 5 to 
7-nerved; second glume slightly longer than the sterile lemma, both 7 to 9-nerved, 
pointed beyond the fruit; fruit 3 to 3.5 mm. long, about 1.4 mm. wide, narrowly 
_ ovate, bluntly pointed. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 592748, collected September 24, 1900, Virginia 
Beach, Va., by T. A. Williams (no. 3090). 

This is the species to which the name P. amarum was restricted by Scribner and 
Merrill, @ Nash,® and Hitchcock,¢ when this species and the preceding? came to 
be regarded as distinct. 

The name here proposed is an attempt to associate this species with the name it 
has so long borne, and also refers to the 
slightly bitter taste of the foliage. 


Fig. 87.—P. amarulum. From type specimen. 


* 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy seashores and coast dunes, 
Virginia to Florida and west to Louisi- 
ana; also in the Bahamas. 


VirGiniA: Norfolk, Kearney 292; 
Ocean View, Kearney 1775, 
Vasey in 1890; Lynn Ha- 
ven, Hitchcock 440; Virginia Fia. 88.—Distribution of P. amerulum. 
Beach, Hitchcock 168, Kear- 
ney 2021, 2063, Mackenzie 1725, Williams 3090. 

Fioripa: Indian River, Curtiss 3578; Cape Malabar, Curtiss in 1879; Lake Worth 
Inlet, Curtiss 5527; Sea Breeze, Webber 465; Miami, Chase 3899; Cape Florida, 


aU.8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 29: 5. 1901. 
6 Britton, Man. ed. 2. 1048. 1905. 

cGray, Man. ed. 7. 104. 1908. 

@ See note under P. amarum Ell. p. 94. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 97 


Chase 3953; Key Largo, Chase 3935, Curtiss in 1884 ; Upper Metacumbe Key, 
Chase 3915; Santa Rosa Island, Tracy 6508; without locality, Chapman, Rugel 
444, 4 

LouistANa: Battledore Island, Tracy & Lloyd 464. 

BawAmas: Great Bahama, Britton & Millspaugh 2739; New Providence, Britton 
& Brace 307, 493 (all in Field Mus. Herb.). 


Tenera.—Perennials; culms slightly compressed, wiry, the internodes much elon- 
gated; ligules membranaceous, about 0.5 mm. long; blades linear, at the base 
narrower than their sheaths; panicles small, narrow, nearly simple; spikelets 
short-pediceled, glabrous or nearly so; palea of sterile floret a small nerveless 
scale; fruit elliptic, smooth and shining. 


Panicles 3 to 8 cm. long; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8mm. long, pointed..-.... 48. P. tenerum. 
Paniciles not over 2 cm. long; spikelets not over 1.6 mm. long, blunt. 49. P. stenodes. 


x 


48. Panicum tenerum Beyr. 


Panicum tenerum Beyr. in Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 341. 
1834. The citation given is ‘‘Georg. Amer. (in paludibus nemorum cresc.) BrEYRICH 


?) 


The label accompanying the type specimen in the Trinius Herbarium reads 
‘“Panicum tenerum n. sp. Georgia, in paludibus nemorum,’’ 
and ‘‘mis. Beyrich 1834” added in Trinius’s writing. A 
second ticket bears the name ‘‘ Pan. tenerum Beyr.”’ 

Panicum anceps strictum Chapm. FI. South. U. 8. 573. 
1860. ‘‘Damp sterile soil, Florida.’’ In the Chapman 
Herbarium at Biltmore is a specimen labeled ‘‘P. anceps 
strictum from the original locality Apaflachicola] 1887” 
and in the Chapman Herbarium in that of Columbia Uni- 
versity is a similar specimen labeled ‘‘ Panicum anceps L. 
var. strictum, Southern Flora. Florida,’’ with nothing to 
indicate whether or not it was collected before the date of 
publication. In the National Herbarium are two more specimens from Chapman 
also without date. All the specimens belong to P. tenerwm, hence there is no doubt 
as to the identity of Chapman’s variety, though whether or not the type be in exist- 
ence can not be determined. 

This species was described under the name of P. stenodes Griseb. by Vasey, @ Chap- 
man,® Scribner, ¢ and Nash.@ 


ms 


Fig. 89.—P. tenerum. From 
type specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in small tufts from a knotted crown, 40 to 90 cm. high, olivaceous; culms erect, 
stiff and wiry, producing small, solitary panicles from the upper nodes or remaining 
simple, glabrous; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, the upper glabrous, the 
lower sparsely to copiously papillose-pubescent toward the summit with soft, spreading 
or reflexed hairs; blades 4 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, (the uppermost much 
reducéd), erect, firm, drying involute at least toward the summit, pilose on the upper 
surface toward the base, or the lower sometimes on both surfaces; terminal panicles 
rather short-exserted, 3 to 8 cm. long, rarely over 5 mm. wide, the short, appressed, 
subracemose branches bearing rather crowded spikelets throughout their length, the 


a@U.S8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 25. 1889. 

61. South. U. 8S. ed. 3. 583. 1897. 

¢U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 7: 64. /. 46. 1897; op. cit. (ed. 2).52. f. 46. 1900. 
@Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 92. 1903. 


41616°—vou 15—10——7 


98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


pedicels usually with a few long hairs at the summit; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long, 
0.8 to 1 mm. wide, narrowly ovate, pointed; first glume clasping, half as long as the 
spikelet or more, 1-nerved, glabrous or 

obscurely strigose toward the summit; Aion ee 
second glume and sterile lemma equal, ; 
exceeding the fruit, 5 to 7-nerved, 
glabrous; fruit 1.7 to 1.8 mm. long, 
about 0.8 mm. wide. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Margins of swamps and wet places 
in flatwoods and pine barrens near 
the coast, Georgia to Florida and west 
to Texas; also in the Bahamas and 
Cuba. 

Groreia: Cobb, Harper 1045; Ruskin, Ricker 908. 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Curtiss 3579 in part, 4035, 5083; Kearney 139; Baldwin, 
Combs 61, Nash 2249; De Funiak Springs, Combs 476; Apalachicola, Chapman; 
Pensacola, Combs 530; Avondale, Comus 487; Jupiter, Curtiss 5576C; Chipley, 
Combs 574, 619; Grasmere, Combs 1112; Tampa, Garber in 1877; Braidentown, 
Combs 1266; Myers, Ghase 4187, eheon Lee Co. Pl. 492; without iealtiy. 
Chapman, Cnhan in 1878, Simpson i in 1889. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Kearney 50 in part, Mohr in 1884, 1893, and 1894. 

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, Kearney 293, Tracy 26; Horn Island, Tracy in 1898. 

Louisiana: Without locality, Hale (Gray Herb.). 

Texas: Nona, Nealley in 1892; without locality, Nealley in 1884. 

Banamas: Andros, Brace 7019, 7132 (both in Field Mus. Herb.). 

CuBa: Pinar del Rio, Wright 3870 in part; Herradura, Hitchcock 154, Tracy 9080. 


Fig. 90.—Distribution of P. tenerum. 


49. Panicum stenodes Griseb. 


Panicum stenodes Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 547.1864. ‘‘Har. Jamaica!, Pd. [Purdie], 
in savannahs, Manchester.’”’ The type specimen, bearing data as published, is in 
the Kew Herbarium. 

Panicum hans Spruce; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 548. 1864, not Ell. 1816. This 
name is given as a synonym of P. stenodes and credited to *‘ Pl. Spruce.’’ We have 
not seen Spruce’s specimen and the name is here referred to P.- 
stenodes on the authority of Grisebach. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in small tufts, 25 to 50cm. high, glabrous throughout; 
\ culms erect or reclining, very slender and wiry, producing 
Fig. 91.—P. stenodes. {from the middle nodes slender branches about equaling the 
From Wright’s no. 192 main culm, both this and the branches bearing small, solitary 
in Grisebach Herba- 6 fascicled panicles from the upper nodes; sheaths very short, 
rium. : 
about 1 to 2cm. long; blades 1 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, 
the upper often reduced to mere points, erect, firm, involute; panicles short-exserted, 
the lateral often partly included, 1 to 2 cm. ene 1 to 2 mm. wide, subracemose; 
spikelets 1.4 to 1.6 mm. long, sien 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, rather turgid; first clntas 
about half the length of the spikelet, blunt, nerveless or 1-nerved; second glume 
and sterile lemma equal, scarcely exceeding the fruit, 5-nerved; fruit 1.3 mm. 
long, 0.6 mm. wide. 
This species is distinguished from P. tenerum by its more slender culms, numerous 
branches, and smaller panicles of smaller spikelets. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 99 


Panicum caricoides Nees,2 the type specimen of which, in the Munich Herbarium, 
was collected by Martius in the province of Para, Brazil, is an allied species. The 
Martius specimen differS from the West Indian plants in having larger spikelets, 1.8 
to 1.9 mm. long, and numerous long, stiff, erect hairs on the pedicels. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Borders of pends and wet savannas, Costa Rica and the West Indies; also in Brazil. | 


Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pitter 10589. 

Cupa: Herradura, Baker & Dimmeck 4837 (Hitchcock Herb.), Hitchcock 155; 
without locality, Wright 3871; Hanabana, Wright 192 (Grisebach Herb.). 

Santo Dominco: Wright, Parry, & Brummel 624. 

Brazit: Prov. of St. Paul, St. Hilaire 758 (Paris Herb.); Barra, Spruce 1289 (Gray 
Herb.). 


x 


Agrostoidia.—Tufted perennials; culms erect, compressed, sheaths more or less 
keeled; ligules membranaceous, short, sometimes ciliate; blades long and 
narrow; spikelets lanceolate, glabrous; first glume keeled, scabrous on the 
keel toward the apex, the second glume and sterile lemma pointed beyond 
the fruit, more or less keeled, the spikelet thus often appearing laterally 
compressed, the palea of the sterile floret about half as long as its lemma; 
fruit elliptic, smooth and shining, a minute tuft of thickish hairs at the apex. 

The first three species of this group have much the appearance of certain 
species of Agrostis. 

Rootstocks present; culms but little compressed; spikelets set 

obliquely on their appressed pedicels. 
Panicles open; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 mm. long (shorter in 


emecpimonalspecime;ns) <4. 220). 229264 Vane Se cee 55. P. anceps. 
Panicles more or less contracted; spikelets not over 2.8 
LRT LCE oe 28 Bie ie ca ie Spee ne Sea ee a 56. P. rhizomatum. 


Rootstocks absent; culms strongly compressed with keeled 
sheaths; spikelets not obliquely disposed. 
Ligules ciliate; basal leaves half as long as the culm or 
-more; panicle much exceeding the upper leaves. 
Spikelets not over 2.7 mm., usually 2.5 mm. long, the 
first glume less than half that length; iigules 2 


HG MATURE ROT) Ore Pests «Ctr Sets ooh ys 242 5,8 53. P. longifolium. 
Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; first glume two-thirds to : 

three-fourths that length; ligule less than 1 

DIAUI LENE 2 oe Sy ae eye Ree Nt Oy Ae a 54. P. combsn. 


Ligules erose or lacerate, not ciliate; basal leaves in short 
tufts, the upper usually nearly equaling the terminal 
panicle. : 
_ Fruit stipitate; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, con- 
ROTEN OUSLY SCCUMG™ je oe en ere oy poo ee 52. P. stipitatum. 
Fruit not stipitate; spikelets n6t conspicuously se- 
cund. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm., in occasional specimens 
2.2 mm. long; panicle branches ascending 


OF BPEGACUNO: mes aa.) Digi 279 ie ay Be ..- 50. P. agrostoides. 
Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long; panicle branches 
CLEC OD MeAT YER O gah oi. .  eg e oe 51. P.condensum. 


2 Nees in Trin. Gram. Pan. 149. 1826; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 108. 1829. 


100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
50. Panicum agrostoides Spreng. 


Panicum agrostoides Spreng. PI. Pugill. 2: 4.1815. Sprengel first gives an original 
diagnosis, then cites ‘‘P. agrostidiforme Lam. ill. n. 895. encycl. 4. 738. Habitare 
videtur in Cayenna. Misit etiam Mihlenbergius e Pensylvania.’’ Then follows an 
ample description which applies to the plant bearing the name Panicum agrostoides and 
marked as sent by Muhlenberg which is found in the Willdenow Herbarium. Spren- 
gel’s herbarium is not segregated from the general herbarium at Berlin, as is Willde- 
now’s, and no specimen marked Panicum agrostoides from Muhlenberg was found in the 
general herbarium. Sprengel’s description was doubtless based on the specimen in 
the Willdenow Herbarium, which is therefore taken as the type, the citation of La- 
marck’s name @ as a synonym being erroneous. It would seem that the name P. agros- 
toides was given by Muhlenberg on the specimen sent to Willdenow, since Muhlenberg 
shortly after ® published this as a new species of hisown.¢ In the Muhlenberg Herbar- 
ium specimens of both this species and of P. stipitatum are found in the cover a 
‘“Panicum agrostoides M.”’ 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 320.1825. This is given as a 
synonym of P. anceps Michx. and is based on P. ‘‘rigidulum Bosc. (W. herb.).’’ The 
specimen in the Willdenow Herbarium is P. agrostoides. Pani- 
cum rigidulum was described by Nees@ as a new species with 
Bosc as the author, and based on the specimen in the Willdenow 
Herbarium. 

Agrostis polystachya Bosc; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 40. 
1840. This is given as a synonym of A. composita Poir. No 
locality is cited. A specimen in the De Candolle Herbarium, 
collected in Carolina by Bosc, is referable to P. agrostoides. In 
Fig. 92.—P. agrostoides. the Delessert Herbarium are two specimens labeled by Bosc as 

a bei ea Agrostis polystachya; one is Panicuin anceps and the other is P. 
tiene virgatum. 
Panicum elongatum ramosior[ius] Mohr, Contr. Nat. Herb. 6: 
357. 1901. ‘‘AtaABAmMA: Damp cultivated ground. Mobile County, Pierce’s Land- 
ing.’ The type specimen, in the Mohr Herbarium, collected by ‘‘C. Mohr, Oct. 
1885,’’ is a portion of a plant with an unusually large and open panicle. 
This species was described by Nashé under the name of P. agrostidiforme Lam. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in dense clumps, from a short caudex, with numerous shoots of short leaves at 
the base, erect, glabrous throughout except as noted, 50 cm. to 1 meter or more high; 
culms rather stout, compressed; sheaths longer than the internodes, keeled, occasion- 
ally pilose on the sides at the juncture with the blade; ligules erose, about 1 mm. long; 
blades erect, conduplicate at the base, but flat above or sometimes drying involute, 
20 to 50 cm. long, rarely longer, 5 to 12 mm. wide; panicles terminal and axillary, 
finally long-exserted, 10 to 30 cm. long, rarely longer, usually half to two-thirds as wide 
but occasionally diffuse and nearly as wide as long, the stiff branches ascending or 
sometimes spreading at maturity, with more gr less divergent, densely flowered branch- 
lets, commonly from the lower side, the ultimate branchlets and short pedicles 


a Panicum agrostidiforme Lam., the typeof which is in the Lamarck Herbarium, is 
P. laxum Swartz. 

6 Descr. Gram. 119. 1817. 

cSprengel does not include his P. agrostoides in the Systema [Syst. Veg. 1: 319. 
1825] but gives P. agrostoides Muhl. asasynonym of P. proliferum. 

d Agrost. Bras. 163. 1829. 

é Britt. & Brown, Illust. Fl. 1: 115. f. 249. 1896. 


/ 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 101 


appressed, scabrous, the latter usually bearing at the summit one to several delicate 
white hairs, these often one-fourth to one-third as long as the spikelet; spikelets 1.8 
to 2 mm. long, in ocedsional specimens 2.2 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. wide; first 


_ glume hardly half the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma sub- 


equal, 5-nerved, the midnerves scabrous at the summit; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.6 mm. 
wide. 

This widely distributed species is variable in the form of the panicle, occasional 
specimens approaching P. condensum and others P. stipitatum. The Muhlenberg 
specimens in the Willdenow and Muhlenberg herbaria are the characteristic form 
described above. | 

The following specimens have rather turgid spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, more or less 
crowded on the ascending but not appressed branches and appear to be intermediate 
between P. agrostoides and P. condensum. These are not cited in the distribution 
given below. Marne: North Berwick, Parlin 751; Massacnuuserrs: Newburyport, 
Conant; New York: Erastina, Pollard in 1894; Vircinta: Boettcher 462; GEORGIA: 
Leslie, Harper 1730; Ftoripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 5302; Bartow, Combs 1207; 
Louisiana: Lake Charles, Chase 4410; Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1083A; Hempstead, 
Hall 819; without locality, Reverchon 103 in 1879. 

In the following specimens the spikelets are more or less secund on the branchlets, 
giving the panicles much the aspect of those of P. stipitatum, but the spikelets are 2 
mm. long or scarcely more: Bartlett 1066, Chase 4397, Curtiss 6890, Harper 1239, Plank 
24, Riggs, Marshall, Texas. 

Unusually loosely flowered, open-panicled specimens, such as that named P. elon- 
gatum var. ramosius, are the following: Chapman, Georgia, Curtiss 6888, Mohr in 1885, 
Plank 75, Winchell, Alabama. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet meadows and shores, Maine to Illinois and Kansas, south to Florida and Texas; 
also on Vancouver Island and in California. 


Marne: Orono, Harvey 1240; North Berwick, Parlin in 1896 Gray Herb.). 

Massacuusetts: Without local- 
ity, Conant; Middlesex Fells, 
Knowlton 910 (Hitchcock 
Herb.). 

Connecticut: South Manchester, 
Mitchcock 129; Huntington, 
Eames in 1895; Southington, 
Bissell 5529. 

RuovDE Istanp: Cumberland, 
Greenman 1804 (Gray Herb.). 

New York: Cleveland, Rowlee in - 
1906. 

New Jersey: Mount Arlington, 
Mackenze 2355; Stockholm, Van Sickle in 1895; Atsion, Chase 3529; Mon- 
mouth Junction, Pearce in 1884. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Chambersburg, Porter in 1897; Tinicum, Smith 158; Westches- 
ter, Darlington; without locality, Mc Minn. 

Ouro: Sandusky, Kellerman in 1902 (Univ. Ohio Herb.). 

Inprana: Miller, Umbach in 1896 (Field Mus. Herb.). 

Inuinois: Madison, Eggert 227; St. Clair County, Brendel in 1850; southern IIli- 
nois, Vasey in 1860. 

Missouri: Lake City, Mackenzie 301; Sibley, Bush 302; Monteer, Bush 5115 in part; 
Lees Summit, Bush 5234; Dunklin County, Bush 9. 


Fig. 93.—Distribution of P. agrostoides. 


102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Kansas: Cherokee County, Hitchcock Pl. Kan. 877; Kingman County, Carle- 
ton 548. 

DELAWARE: Townsend, Canby in 1891; Talleyville, Commons in 1897. 

Marytanp: Lanham, Chase 3469, Hitchcock 2398; Glen Echo, Kearney in 1895; 
Great Falls, Ball 83. 

NortH CaroLina: Chapel Hill, Coker in 1908. 

SoutH Carouina: Aiken, Ravenel in 1869; Orangeburg, Hitchcock 445. 

Gerorcra: Thomson, Bartlett 1066; Leesburg, Curtiss 6888, 6890; Arlington, Har- 
per 1239; Augusta, Cuthbert 1128; without locality, Chapman. 

Fioripa: Old Town, Combs 879; Dunnellon, Combs 915; Lake City, Chase 4286, 
4287; Eustis, Nash 1694; Grasmere, Combs 1120; Clarcona, Meislahn 100, 
159a; Orange County, Baker 131; Crystal, Combs 1012; Homosassa, Combs 
961; Bartow, Combs 1198, 1204; Ellzey, Combs 804; Jenkins, Haton 242; 
Miami, Eaton 164 in part, 165; without locality, Rugel in 1842. 

Kentucky: Lexington, Short in 1835 (Gray Herb.). 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 65. 

ALABAMA: Eufaula, McCarthy in 1888; Cullman County, Eggert in 1897; Mobile 
County, Mohr in 1885; without locality, Chapman, Winchell. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Chase 4445, Kearney 74; Nicholson, Kearney 372 in part; 
Panola County, Eggert in 1896; Horn Island, Tracy 2036. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 1023; Texarkana, Heller 4235. 

LovrstaNa: Coushatta County, Ball 124; Alexandria, Ball 169; Rayville, Bali 20 
in part; Natchitoches, Ball 156; Oberlin, Ball 225; Chalmette, Tracy 7651; 
Shreveport, Ball 111; Pointe a la Hache, Langlois in 1880; Lake Charles, 
Chase 4397. 

Texas: Texarkana, Plank 24; Beaumont, Plank 24; Jacksonville, Joor in 1884; 
Rusk, Plank 75; Marshall County, Riggs 18; Columbia, Bush 1398; Harvester, 
Thurow in 1898; Hockley, Thurow in 1889; Tyler, Reverchon 2222; Luling, 
Plank 22; “60 miles south of Fort Scott,’’ Balies in 1863. 

OKLAHOMA: Poteau, Hitchcock in 1903 GHitchedek Herb.); without locality, Shel- 
don in 1891. 

Britisa CotumBia: Sproat Lake, Vancouver Island, Macoun 135, 29348.4 

CALIFORNIA: On the Sacramento, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 


51. Panicum condensum Nash. 


Agrostis purpurascens Bert.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 42. 1840, not Swartz, 1788. 
“Domingo” is cited, but no description is given. Bertero’s specimen, labeled ‘‘ Agros- 
tis purpurascens loc. aquosis. 8S. Domingue Bertero. M. 
Balbis 1821,’’ in the Berlin Herbarium, is P. condensum. 

Panicum contractum Trin.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 
254.1841. ‘‘Trin. mpt. Guadal. Domingo” is cited, but no 
descriptionisgiven. The specimen in the Berlin Herbarium, 
bearing this name in Trinius’s writing and labeled “‘S. Do- 
mingo, locis aquosis. Balbis misit 1824,”’ is P. condensum. 

Panicum condensum Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 93. 
1903. On page 1327 in the list of new genera and species 
the following citation is given: ‘“‘Type, Curtiss, Second 
Distr. Pl. So. U. S., no. 5576, in Herb. C. U.”’ The-type, in 
Columbia University Herbarium, is a single plant lacking the base. Curtiss’s no. 
5576 was collected October 16, 1895, near Jacksonville, Fla. 


Fic. 94.—P. condensum. 
From type specimen. 


a These were collected on the same date, but have been distributed under two num- 
bers. 
b Thurber [Torr. Bot. Wilkes Expl. Exped.. 1: 480. 1874] calls attention to ene fact 
that this collection was far out of the known range of P. agrostoides. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 103 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants like P. agrgstoides in habit, culms on the average rather taller, sometimes 
geniculate at base; sheaths appressed-pubescent along the sides toward the summit 
or glabrous; blades often sparsely pilose on the upper surface at the conduplicate 
base; panicles terminal and axillary, 10 3 
to 25 cm. long, rarely over 5 cm. wide, 
the long, solitary or fascicled branches 
erect, naked at the base, with ap- 
pressed branchlets bearing crowded 
spikelets on short, scabrous, but not 
pilose pedicels, or these occasionally 
with one or two erect hairs; spikelets 
2.2 to 2.5 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. 
wide, turgid; first glume slightly more 
than half the length of the spikelet, 
acuminate; second glume slightly Fig. 95.—Distribution of P. condensum. 
longer than the sterile lemma, both 
acuminate, the tips slightly spreading, scabrous on the midnerves toward the apex; 
fruit 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide. 

This species is closely related to P. agrostoides, from which it is distinguished by 
the condensed panicle of slightly larger spikelets. In occasional specimens, as Combs 
9644, 973, Hitchcock 174, and Meislahn 159, the panicle branches are ascending, the 
panicle not contracted, thus approaching P. agrostovdes. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Borders of streams and ponds and in wet places, Pennsylvania to Florida and west 
to Texas, mostly near the coast; also in the West Indies. 


New Jersey: Cape May County, Van Pelt in 1909 (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 

PENNSYLVANIA: Chambersburg, Porter in 1897. 

DELAWARE: Smyrna, Long in 1908 (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 

District oF CoLumBIA: Steele in 1896. 

Viren: Brick Haven, Steele in 1896; Four-Mile Run, Chase 2673; Virginia 

- Beach, Hitchcock 174. 

Norta Carona: Wilmington, Hitchcock 444. 

SoutH Caro.ina: Isle of Palms, Chase 4527. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 5298, 5576, 5576A; Titusville, Chase 4014; Orange 
County, Baker 18, Combs 1144; Clarcona, Meislahn 159; Homosassa, Combs 
957, 9644, 973; Crystal, Combs 1011; Jensen, Hitchcock 747; Miami, Hitchcock 
172, 695, 699; Braidentown, Simpson 7093; St. Vincents Island, Chapman, 
Tracy 6444. 

Mississreri: Horn Island, Tracy in 1893 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Texas: Dallas County, Reverchon 2368; Waller County, Thurow in 1898; without 
locality, Lindheimer 728. 

‘BaHAMAS: Nassau, Curtiss W. Ind. Pl. 174. 

Cusa: Without locality, Wright 3862 in part. 

GRAND CayMAN: Hitchcock in 1891 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

LEEWARD IsLanpDs: Guadeloupe, Duss 3919. 


104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


52. Panicum stipitatum Nash. 


Panicum elongatum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 69. 1814, not Salisb. 1796. ‘‘New 
Jersey to Virginia.’?’ Among the Pursh plants in Kew Herbarium are two sheets 
labeled ‘‘Panicum elongatum Pursh. Fl: Amer.,’’ on one of 
which is a robust specimen and a ticket bearing an unpub- 
lished herbarium name, and also the name ‘‘elongatum”’ and 
the word ‘‘Delaware.’’ This is taken as the type. On the 
second sheet are two slender specimens, one of this species 
and the other of P. agrostoides. 

‘Panicum agrostoides elongatum Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Bull. 7: 42. pl. 9. f. 34. 1894. Based on P. elongatum Pursh. 

Panicum stipitatum Nash in Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. 

Land Agrost. Bull. 17 (ed. 2): 56. f. 3852. May 22,1901. Based on 

RR EDU igs P.elongatum Pursh, 1814, not Salisb. 1796. ‘‘Nash, in Britt. 

Manual, 83, 1901,’’ is here cited as the place of publication, 

but this must have been taken from proof sheets, since the Manual was not published 
until after August 24, 1901, that being the date given after the preface. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants like P. agrostoides in habit, often purple-tinged throughout; culms on the 
average stouter, strongly compressed; sheaths much overlapping, blades usually 
equaling or exceeding the terminal panicles, often scabrous on the lower surface; 
panicles usually several to a culm, sometimes as many as five axillary panicles, com- 
monly dark purple, short-exserted, 10 to 20 cm. long, one-third to half as wide, 
densely flowered, the numerous stiff branches ascending, with numerous divaricate 
. branchlets mostly from the lower side and beginning at the base, bearing crowded, 
subsecund spikelets, the short, scabrous pedicels only rarely with one or two erect 
hairs; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide, often curved at the point; 
first glume about half the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma 
subequal, scabrous on the midnerve at the acuminate apex; fruit about 1.5 mm. 
long, about 0.6 mm. wide, short-stipitate. 

Typical specimens of this species are characteristic and readily distinguished from 
P. agrostoides, but less densely panicled forms, with smaller spikelets approach that 
species. Such are the following: Bush 
3658, Chase 4497, Cocks 3008. In these 
specimens the fruit is stipitate, for 
which reason they are referred to this 
species. 

DISTRIBUTION. 

Moist soil, Connecticut to South 
Carolina, west to Kentucky, Missouri, 
and Texas. 

Connecticut: Lyme, Graves 236. 
New Jersey: Camden, Scribner 
39 in part; Oradell, Mackenzie Fig. 97.—Distribution of P. stipitatum. 

1893. 
PENNSYLVANIA: Chambersburg, Porter in 1897; Westchester, Darlington in 1827. 
Ouro: Lancaster, Kellerman 6800. 
Missouri: Williamsville, Bush 3658. 
DELAWARE: Greenbank, Commons 25 and 305 in 1884. 
MarRyYLAND: Hyattsville, House 1443. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 105 


District oF CoLtuMBIA: Greene in 1908, Steele, Vasey. 

VireriniaA: Four-Mile Run, Chase 2679; Goshen, Steele in 1904. 

West VirciniAs Grafton, Guttenberg in 1879, Smith in 1879. 

NortH Caroiina: Newbern, Kearney 2249; eastern North Carolina, McCarthy in 
1885; Henderson County, Smith in 1881. . 

SoutH Carona: Aiken, Ravenel in 1869; Isle of Palms, Hitchcock 225. 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 380;¢ Harlan County, Kearney 380.4 

TENNESSEE: Hollow Rock, Biltmore Herb. 808a, Eggert in 1897; Cocke County, 
Kearney 969; Madison County, Bain in 1892. 

ALABAMA: Scottsboro, Chase 4497. 

LourstaAna: Calhoun, Ball 70; Calcasieu, Cocks 3008. 

Texas: Texarkana, Plank 77. 


53. Panicum longifolium Torr. 


Panicum longifolium Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. S. 149. 1824. ‘‘In the pine 
barrens of New Jersey. * * * For specimens * * * I am indebted to Mr. 
James Goldy.” The type, in the Columbia University Herba- 
rium, is a small specimen 35 cm. high, with an open, few- 
flowered panicle. 

Panicum anceps pubescens Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. 
Bull. 8:37. 1889. ‘‘Mobile, Ala. (Dr. Mohr).” There is no 
specimen in the National Herbarium marked with this name in 
Vasey’s writing, but there are two duplicate specimens of P. 
longifolium with pubescent sheaths and blades, collected by 
Dr. Charles Mohr, Mobile, Alabama, both labeled Panicum 
anceps and bearing an unpublished varietal name in Vasey’s 
writing. These agree with Vasey’s brief description and are 
doubtless the basis of this name. Vasey applied this unpub- 
lished varietal name also to specimens of P. anceps and to one of P. rhizomatum, but 
Dr. Mohr’s, being the only specimen cited, is taken as the type. 

Panicum pseudanceps Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 85. 1898. ‘‘Collected by Mr. 
J. H. Simpson in Florida in 1889.”” The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of two 
plants 58 and 60 cm. high, the panicles less open than those of the Goldy specimen 
mentioned above. 


Fic. 98.—P. longifolium. 
From type specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in dense tufts, 35 to 80 cm. high, usually surrounded by basal leaves nearly 
half as long as the culm; culms rather slender, much compressed, stiff, glabrous; 
sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes except at the base, keeled, usually hairy 
on the sides at the juncture with the blade, otherwise glabrous or villous toward the 
summit, sometimes densely so; ligules fimbriate-ciliate, 2 to 3 mm. long, the ciliz 
usually at the sides only, not meeting at the back; blades erect or sometimes recurved 
or tortuous, conduplicate at base, flat above or somewhat involute, 8 to 40 cm. long, 2 
to 5 mm. wide, pilose on the upper surface toward the base, sometimes also on the 
lower surface; lateral panicles few or none; terminal panicles finally long-exserted, 
much exceeding the leaves, 10 to 25 cm. long, usually half to two-thirds as wide, but 
sometimes rather contracted, the distant, slender branches solitary or fascicled, 
ascending, usually nak d at base, bearing short, appressed, rather closely flowered 
branchlets, these and the pedicels scabrous, the latter sometimes with a few hairs at 
the summit; spikelets 2.4 to2.7 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide; first glume two-fifths 
to scarcely half the length of the spikelet, acute; second glume slightly longer than 
the sterile lemma, both keeled, usually spreading at the tip, scabrous on the mid- 
nerve at the apex; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. 


a These two collections were distributed under the same number. 


106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


A specimen from Nicholson, Mississippi, Kearney 380, with spreading panicle 
branches and spikelets only 2 mm. long is doubtfully referred here. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy ground, Rhode Island and Connecticut to Florida and west to Texas, 
mostly near the coast. 


Connecticut: Groton, Bissell 11596, Graves 248, 256. 

RHODE IsLtanpD: Shannock, Moore in 1896. 

New York: New York, Bicknell in 1896; Long Island, Miller in 1873 (both in 
Hitchcock Herb.). 

New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3530; without locality, Holmes in 1890. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Sawnders in 1898, Smith. 

DELAWARE: Ellendale, Commons 224, 343, 344. 

MARYLAND: Berlin, Novik 421. 

DistRicT oF COLUMBIA: Kearney in 
1897, Steele in 1897 and 1898. 

Virainia: Cape Henry, Hitchcock 
446; Dismal Swamp, Chase 
3662; Virginia Beach, Kearney 
2025. 

NortH Caroumina: Newbern, 
Kearney 2242; Wilmington, 
Biltmore Herb. 3627, Chase 
4564, MMitchcock 447; eastern 
North Carolina, Ashe; West 
Raleigh, Stanton 1270; middle Fic. 99.—Distribution of P. longifolium. 
North Carolina, Ashe. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 5576B; Milton, Chase 4318; Botnet Combs 644; 
Chipley, Combs 571; Gainesville, Chase 4225; Crystal, Combs 1010; Gepsnese 
Combs 1154, 1168; Baron, Combs 11804, 1235. 

ALABAMA: Tuskegee, Carver 100, Cullman, gene in 1897, Mohr in 1886; Mobile, 
Mohr. 

Mississtprr: Biloxi, Chase 4346, Kearney 220, Tracy 3627, 3860, 6507a; Fontain- 
bleau, Tracy 3858, 3859; Ship Island, Tracy 4563; Waynesboro, Kearney 116. 

Louisiana: Without locality, Hale (Gray Herb.). 

Texas: Jefferson, Plank 31; without locality, Nealley in 1885, Wright. 


54. Panicum combsii Scribn. & Ball. 


Panicum combsii Scribn. & Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 42. f. 76. 
1901. ‘‘Type collected by Robert Combs, No. 583, for 
whom the species is named, in damp, fertile flat woods at 
Chipley, Washington County, Florida, August 20, 1898.” 
The type specimen, in the National Horbarium, is a tuft of 
several culms with mature panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants like P. longifolium in habit; leaves somewhat more 
clustered at base; sheaths glabrous or pubescent along the 
‘ margin toward the summit; ligules less than 1 mm. long, 
Fic. 100.—P. combsii. From Sometimes a few longer hairs at the margin; blades aver- 

type specimen. aging shorter, rarely 25 cm. long, glabrous or pilose on 

the upper surface at the base, usually sparsely so; lateral 

panicles wanting or but one or two, terminal panicles 12 to 20 cm. long, two-thirds 
to three-fourths as wide, few-flowered, the slender, scattered branches ascending; 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 107 


spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. wide, acuminate; first glume two-thirds to 
three-fourths the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 
usually scabrous en the midnerve, 
much exceeding the fruit; fruit 1.8 to 2 
mm. long, 0.6 to 0.8 mm. wide. 

This species is closely related to P. 
longifolium from which it may be dis- 
tinguished by its shorter blades, longer 
spikelets, and usually by the lack of 
pubescence. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Margins of pondsand wet woods, Geor- 
gia to Florida, and west to Louisiana. 


Georata: Tifton, Harper 1679; Douglas, Harper 2014, Huntington, Harper 1081. 

Fiorina: Pensacola, Curtiss 6919; Argyle, Curtiss 6925A; Chipley, Combs 583; 
without locality, Chapman. 

ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8408. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Tracy 4568 in part. 

Louistana: Lake Charles, Chase 4434. 


Fic. 101.—Distribution of P. combsii. 


55. Panicum anceps Michx. 
p 


Panicum anceps Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 48.1803. ‘‘Has. in Carolinae herbosis 
humidis sylvaticis.” The type specimen, labeled ‘‘Panicum anceps, Hab. in her- 
bosis humidis Carolinae, Virginiae, Georgize,”’ is in the Michaux Herbarium. 

Panicum rostratum Muhl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 1032. 1809. ‘‘ Habitat in sylvaticis 
humidis Pensylvaniae, Carolinae.”” The type specimen, in the Willdenow Herbarium, 
is marked ‘‘P. rostratum Am. Boreal. Muhlenberg.” Muh- 
lenberg later@ published P. rostratum asa new species. The 
specimen in the Muhlenberg Herbarium is the same species 
as the one sent to Willdenow. 

Agrostis nutans Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 255. 
1810. ‘‘Cette plante a été recueillie dans la Caroline, par 
M. Bose.” We have not seen this specimen, but the de- 
scription applies well to P. anceps, to which species Poiret 
later ® refers his A. nutans. 

Panicum nutans Desv. Opusc. 93.1831. Based on “‘ Agrostis 
nutans Poir. Enc. suppl.” 
Fig. 102.—P. anceps. From Panicum anceps angusta[um] Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. 

EP specunen. Bot. Bull. 8: 37. 1889. “Texas (G. C. Nealley).” The 
type specimen, in the National Herbarium, is a tall plant with an immature panicle, 
the long blades involute. 

Panicum anceps densiflorum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8:37. 1889. 
“Texas (J. F. Riggs).”” The type specimen, in the National Herbarium, was collected 
November, 1884, Marshall, Texas, by J. F. Riggs, no. 91. It consists of the upper por- 
tions of two robust plants, the panicle branches densely flowered. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants in tufts of few to many culms, 50 cm. to 1 meter or more high, with numerous 
stout, scaly rootstocks; culms usually robust, not strongly compressed, glabrous; 
sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous to densely papillose-pilose, 


a Descr. Gram. 121. 1817. 6 In Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 539. 1817. 


108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


especially at the summit; ligules membranaceous, less than 1 mm. long; blades erect, 
flat or but slightly conduplicate at base, 20 to 50 cm. long, 4 to 12 mm. wide, pilose and 
usually ciliate on the upper surface toward the base, otherwise glabrous, scabrous or 
more or less pubescent on the upper and occasionally on the under surface; panicles 
terminal only, or narrow, long-peduncled panicles produced from the upper sheaths, 
the terminal ones finally long-exserted but often nearly equaled by the long blades, 
15 to 40 cm. long, usually half to two- 
thirds as wide (or occasionally narrow), 
the long, slender, remote, branches 
somewhat spreading, bearing short, 
mostly appressed, distant or approxi- 
mate branchlets with rather crowded, 
somewhat curved, subsecund spikelets 
set obliquely on their short, appressed, 
scabrous pedicels, the first glume to- 
ward the main axis, the axes and 
branches scabrous, usually a few hairs 
in the axils; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 mm. 
long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide (occasional . 
specimens with smaller spikelets); first glume one-third to half the length of the spike- 
let, acute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, forming a beak beyond the fruit, 
the tips open at maturity; fruit 2 to 2.2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide. 

This species is variable in the pubescence on sheaths and blades and somewhat so 
in the panicle. The short secondary branchlets may be distant, giving the long 
branches the appearance of interrupted racemes, or approximate, producing densely 
flowered branches as in Vasey’s variety densiflorum. 

A comparatively few specimens occur with spikelets only 3 to 3.2 mm. long. 
Such are the following, which, being nearly glabrous plants with open panicles, are 
referred here, though in the smaller spikelets they approach the next species: Ball 228, 
Chase 4201, 4393, 4554, Cocks 3001, Combs 717, 878, 1398, Kearney 376, Mohr in 1885, 
Tracy 4620, 8414. 


Fig. 103.—Distribution of P. anceps. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy soil, New Jersey to Florida and west to Kansas and Texas. 


New Jersey: Stockton, Fisher in 1897. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Smith; Lancaster, Porter in 1861. 

Intinots: Oquawka, Patterson; Mount Carmel, Warte in 1887. 

Missouri: Monteer, Bush 5114; St. Louis, Eggert in 1886. 

Kansas: Cherokee County, Hitchcock Pl. Kan. 876. 

DELAWARE: Carpenter Station, Commons 225; Greenbank, Commons 303. 

MARYLAND: West Chevy Chase, Chase 2585; Cabin John, Steele in 1896. 

District oF CotumBiIA: Blanchard in 1891, Chase 2996, House 257, Kearney 16, 
Vasey in 1874, Ward in 1878. 

VirGinia: Fairfax County, Chase 3631; Arlington, Dewey 53;, Norfolk, Kearney 
1748; Virginia Beach, Britton in 1895, Hitchcock 228. 

NortH CAarotina: Madison County, Biltmore Herb. 5839b; West Raleigh, Cozt 
1301, Stanton 1282; Dunns Mountain, Small in 1894; eastern North Caro- 
lina, McCarthy in 1885; Wilmington, Kearney 274. 

Souts Caroiina: Aiken, Ravenel in 1869; Orangeburg, Hitchcock 448, 449; Isle 
of Palms, Chase 4554. 

GeorGiaA: Thomson, Barilett 903; Whitfield County, Harper 369; Stone Moun- 
tain, Hitchcock 230; Leesburg, Curtiss 6887; Augusta, Cuthbert in 1904. 

Fioripa: Madison, Combs 282; Quincy, Combs 415; Tallahassee, Combs 381, 
Kearney 87, Nash 2529; De Funiak Springs, Combs 470; Chattahoochee, Cur- 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 109 


tiss 5936; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. Dist. Dupl. Chapman 696b; Monti- 
cello, Combs 320; Homosassa, Combs 935, 972; Lake City, Chase 4284; Crystal, 
Combs 1021; Gainesville, Chase 4201, Combs 717; Old Town, Combs 878; 
Chipley, Combs 560, 586; Grasmere, Combs 1073; Orange Bend, Chase 4095; 
Bartow, Combs 1206; Tampa, Combs 1398; Fort Lauderdale, Haton 341; 
without locality, Chapman. ; 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 372 in part. 

TENNESSEE: Bristol, Hitchcock 229; Lavergne, Biltmore Herb. 696a; Knoxville, 
Ruth in 1895 and 1898; Cocke County, Kearney 965; Grainger County, Smith 
in 1880. 

AtaBama: Auburn, Jracy in 1897; Birmingham, McCarthy in 1888; Gadsden, 
McCarthy in 1888; Nesheka, Carver 7; Cullman, Mohr in 1885. 

Mrsstssrerr: Nicholson, Kearney 376; Taylorville, Tracy 8414; Waynesboro, Pollard 
1228; Tupelo, Tracy 1535; Starkville, Chase 4464, Kearney 20 in part; Biloxi, 
Tracy 4620 and in 1893; Bay St. Louis, Langlois in 1883; Pass Christian, 
Langlois in 1882. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 65; Miller County, Eggert in 1896; Harvey in 1880, 

Loutstana: Natchitoches, Ball 166; Rayville, Ball 8; Coushatta County, Ball 125; 
Calhoun, Ball 46; Oberlin, Ball 228; West Carroll Parish, Moseley in 1903; 
Lake Charles, Chase 4393; Calcasieu, Cocks 3001. 

Texas: Texarkana, Heller 4082, Plank 80; Columbia, Bush 1298; Rusk, Plank 76; 
Beaumont, Plank 25; Marshall, Riggs 91; Waller, Thurow in 1898; Ennis, 
Smith in 1897; Industry, Wurzlow in 1894; without locality, Nealley in 1887; 
Reverchon 106. 

OxtaHoMA: On the False Washita, Palmer 380 in 1868; Kingfisher County, 
Carleton in 1891; Choctaw Agency, Bigelow in 1853-4. 


56. Panicum rhizomatum sp. nov. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants like P. anceps in habit; the culms less robust, the scaly rhizomes slender and 
more numerous; leaves more or less clustered toward the base, the sheaths, except the 
lowermost, shorter than the internodes, densely to sparsely 
villous along the margin and toward the summit, a dense 
ring of pubescence at the juncture with the blade; ligules 
nearly obsolete; blades erect or the lower commonly spread- 
ing, 10 to 40 cm. long (usually not over 30 cm.), 5 to 10 mm. 
wide, pubescent on both surfaces or sometimes glabrous 
except on the upper surface toward the base; terminal 
panicles long-exserted, the usually numerous smaller ax- 
illary ones short-peduncled or partially included, 10 to 25 

Fic. 104.—P. rhizomatum. C™- long, usually less than one-third as wide, more or less 
From type specimen. contracted and densely flowered, rather more compound 
than in P. anceps, the distant primary branches ascend- 
ing, bearing numerous branchlets 1 to 3 cm. long, these with appressed, short, 
approximate branchlets, with crowded spikelets set obliquely on their short, 
appressed pedicles as in P. anceps, but hardly at all secund; spikelets 2.4 to 2.8 mm. 
long, about 1 mm. wide; first glume one-third to scarcely half as long as the spikelet, 
acute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, beaked as in P. anceps but less 
strongly so, but little exceeding the fruit; fruit 1.9 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 592752, collected August 18, 1905, Orangeburg, 
8. C., by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 450). 

This species was referred by Scribner in the herbarium to P. anceps pubescens Vasey 
and was distributed under this name by Nash and others. It is distinguished from 
P. anceps by the somewhat contracted, more densely flowered panicles of smaller 


110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


spikelets and by the shorter leaves more or less crowded at the base. In occasional 
specimens the panicle is rather open but less so than in P. anceps; but the following 
three specimens, having all the other characters of P. rhizomatum, have panicles as open 
as those of P. anceps, the small spikelets secund as in that species, and appear to be 
intermediate. FLormpa: Bay Head, 
Combs 648; Orange County, Baker 40; 
Mississrppr: Starkville, Kearney 61; 
Waynesboro, Kearney 108. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy woods and savannas, es PL | eas 
Virginia to Forida and west to Texas. are 3 


Virarinta: Lynn Haven, Hitchcock 
175; Portsmouth, Noyes 67 in 
part. Fig. 105.—Distribution of P. rhizomatum. 

NortH Carona: Wilmington, Chase 4560, Hitchcock 310. 

SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 450; Isle of Palms, Httchcock 104; with- 
out locality, Curtiss in 1875. ; 

Georeaia: Savannah, Kearney 181; Dock Junction, Ricker 962; Camp Cornelia, 
Ricker 933. 

Froriwa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 5289, 5747, Kearney 138; Duval County, Curtiss 
3579 in part; Madison, Combs 259; Old Town, Combs 884; Lake City, Combs & 
Rolfs 120, 192; Waldo, Combs 700; Gainesville, Chase 42014, 4220, 4271; 
Citrus, Bystra in 1906; Titusville, Chase 3984; Sanford, Nash 2258; Grasmere, 
Combs 1051, 1125; Eustis, Nash 1713; Ellzey, Comds 820; Dunnellon, Combs 
919; Bay Head, Combs 633, 648; Tampa, Combs 1395; Avondale, Combs 496; 
Bartow, Combs 1192, 1217a; Braidentown, Combs 1252, 1264, 1303, Tracy 7093, 
7105; Myers, Chase 4191, Hitchcock Lee Co. PI. 490. 

ALABAMA: Without locality, Mohr in 1878. 

Mississippi: Centerville, Tracy 4564; Nicholson, Kearney 358; Biloxi, Kearney 
235, Tracy 3603, 3626, 4619, 4621, and in 1889; Ocean Springs, Forkert 33, Pol- 
lard 1106; Bay St. Louis, Zanglois in 1883; Pass Christian, Langlois in 1880 
and 1882. 

LourstaNna: Natchitoches, Ball 137. 

Texas: Pierce, Tracy 7405; without locality, Nealley. 


Laxa.—Plants mostly perennial, apparently annual in P. larum and P. pilosum, 
more or less decumbent at base and rooting at the lower nodes, creeping in 
P. polygonatum, commonly not decumbent in P. hans and P.cupreum; 
culms compressed, glabrous; ligules membranaceous, very short or wanting; 
spikelets short-pediceled, more or less clustered, not over 3 mm. long, 
glabrous, the palea of the sterile floret, except in P. polygonatum and P. 
longum, becoming more or less enlarged and indurated, expanding the spike- 
let at maturity; fruit mostly elliptic, minutely papillose-roughened, rather 
thin in texture. 
Spikelets pointed, not expanded at maturity by an enlarged sterile palea. 
Nodes densely pubescent; spikelets not over 1.5 mm. 
Ke} Ysa es emmy Oe biheY Seen arr wir k gems 2 Lh ae Be eS 58. P. polygonatum. 


Nodes glabrous; spikelets 2.5 mm. long.........-....-.-- 57. P. longum. 
Spikelets blunt, expanded at maturity by the enlarged sterile 
palea. 


Panicle branches subracemose, the spikelets secund; 
blades at least 5 mm. wide; the enlarged sterile 
palea not conspicuous, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. wat 


Rachises bearing slender bristles (these wanting in 
exceptional specimens); blades broadest near 
the cordate or truncate base; nodes usually 


till OMRON C0 Wey 2 ia 2. a 2 59. P. pilosum. 
Rachises without bristles; blades narrowed toward 
ihe base; nodes plabrous.... 2-2... 2.228 5s 5. 60. P. laxum. 


Panicle branches not racemose; blades scarcely wider 
than their sheaths; the sterile palea conspicuously 


enlarged. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long, congested; panicles dark pur- 
RR ere eee ek gS ae 63. P. cupreum. 
Spikelets not over 2.4 mm. long; panicles green or 
pale. 


Panicle branches spikelet or branchlet-bearing 
along the upper half or toward the ends 


timnlyareeeeroerente, OLB) Pe ee ee 62. P: hans. 
Panicle branches branchlet-bearing throughout 
their length ornearly so. ..:....50.02.0.- 61. P. exiguiflorum. 


57. Panicum longum nom. nov. 


Panicum munitum Trin.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 260. 1841. This nomen 
nudum is credited to ‘‘Trin. mpt. Mexico.’’ A specimen of P. longum collected 
near Jalapa by Schiede and Deppe, no. 674, and listed by Schlechtendahl 4 as num- 
ber 898 ‘‘Panicum proximum piloso Sw.,’’ was examined at Halle. The sheet is 
marked ‘‘Panicum munitum”’ by Trinius, and may be the type of this name, but 
since the species was not described by Trinius P. longum is here based on Scribner’s 
type, Pringle 8195. 

Panicum pilosum macranthum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 1. 
1900, not P. macranthum Trin. 1826. ‘‘Swamps near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, 
altitude 1,230 m., May 21. C. G. Pringle, No. 8195. 1899.’’ The type, in the 
National Herbarium, is a slender plant 150 cm. high. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, ascending or spreading from a more or less geniculate base; culms 
rather robust, 1. 2 to 2 meters long, simple or sparingly branching from the lower nodes, 
glabrous, the nodes glabrous; sheaths nearly as long as the 
internodes or overlapping, papillose or papillose-hirsute 
(the greater number of papille without hairs); ligule about 
0.5mm. long; blades ascending or spreading, 10 to 25 cm. 
long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, linear, scarcely narrowed to the 
rounded base, very sparsely papillose-pilose on the upper 
surface, glabrous beneath or with a few papillee; panicles 
short-exserted or included at the base, 20 to 25 cm. long, 

‘ 2 to5 cm. wide, the branches raceme-like, the lower soli- 
Fie, 106.—P. longum. From tary, distant, the middle and upper opposite or verticillate, 
type specimen of P. pilosum the rachisesand upper part of the main axis with stiff hairs 
macranthum Scribn. : : : : 
slightly exceeding the short-pediceled, secund, approxi- 

mate, but scarcely crowded spikelets; spikelets mostly in pairs, 2.6mm. long, 0.9 
mm. wide, pointed, strongly nerved,. the nerves minutely scabrous toward the 
summit; first glume about half the length of the spikelet, pointed; second glume 
shorter than the sterile lemma, both slightly exceeding the fruit, the sterile palea 


*. 


a Linnaea 6: 35. 1831. 


112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


obsolete; fruit 2.1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, acute, thin in texture, scabrous toward 
the summit. 

This species seems to be more nearly related to P. polygonatum than to any other, 
for which reason it is placed, though somewhat doubtfully, in this group. 


DISTRIBUTION. 
Swamps, Mexico. 


Mexico: Jalapa, Pringle 8195, Schiede & Deppe 674 (Halle Herb.). 


58. Panicum polygonatum Schrad. 


Panicum polygonatum Schrad. in Schult. Mant. 2: 256. 1824. ‘‘In Brasilia, ad 
ripas fluvw Ilhéos. Princeps Sereniss. Maxim. Neowidens.’’ 'The type, in the herba- 
rium of the Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg, has a large pan- 
icle, pubescent nodes, and a few bristles on the rachis. 
Panicum potamium Trin. Gram. Pan. 239. 1826. ‘Brasil. 
| (LanesporFr).’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is from 
near Mandioca, Brazil, collected by Langsdorff ‘‘in udis aquosis 
puris.’’ This name is spelled ‘“‘P. potamicum”’ by Steudel.a 
Fic. 107.—P. polygo- Panicum hydrophilum Trin.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 208. 1829. 
eee rom type This is given asa synonym under P. dubium Lam., the specimen 
referred to as ‘‘ (Langsdorff.— V. in Herb. Trin.),’’ doubtless being 
the basis of thisname. We have not seen this specimen, but Trinius 2 refers to this 
name in a note under P. potamium as ‘“‘olim P. hydrophilum mihi dictam.”’ 

Setaria polygonata Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 47. 1829. Based on Panicum polygo- 
natum Schrad. 

Panicum trichogonum Willd.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 261. 1841. This is given 
-as a synonym under P. polygonatum Schrad. with the following citation: ‘‘ Willd. 
hrb. (Sec. Trin. mpt.).’? The type, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is labeled 
‘‘Amer. merid. Humboldt.’’ 

Panicum pilosum polygonatum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 211. 1877. Based on 
P. polygonatum Schrad. 

Panicum bourgaet Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25. 1886. This name was earlier listed by 
Hemsley ¢ without description. Fournier cites a single specimen, ‘‘In valle Cordo- 
vensi, januario (BourG[EAU] n. 1662 part.).’”’ The specimen of this number seen at 
Halle is P. polygonatum, while the one in the Gray Herbarium is P. laxum. The 
original description calls for a plant with pubescent nodes, which would indicate 
P. polygonatum. . 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants rather freely branching from the lower nodes, widely spreading from a decum- 
bent or creeping base, rooting at the nodes; culms 20 to 100 cm. long, the nodes densely 
pubescent; sheaths shorter than the internodes or sometimes nearly equal, densely 
ciliate, otherwise glabrous or hirsute toward the summit; ligules less than 0.5 mm. long; 
blades ascending or spreading, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 13 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, 
usually ciliate at the cordate base, otherwise glabrous or occasionally sparsely hirsute; 
panicles 7 to 20 cm. long, about half as wide, the lower branches solitary, distant, 
spreading, the upper sometimes in pairs, the numerous raceme-like branchlets secund 
from the lower side of the branches, the somewhat clustered, short-pedicled spikelets 
also secund on the branchlets, the rachises sparsely pilose with long, weak hairs, or 


4 Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:71. 1854. 
b Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 266. 1834. 
¢ Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 486. 1885. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. ie 


sometimes glabrous; spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, not thickened, 
pointed; first glume about half the length of the spikelet, 3-nerved, acute; second 
glume and sterile lemma equal, 3 to 5-nerved, exceeding the fruit, the sterile palea 
only about half the length of its lemma; fruit 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, obovate. 

This species differs from P. larum and P. pilosum in the pointed spikelets which 
are not expanded by an enlarged sterile palea, and in the compound lower branches. 


of the panicle. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Swamps and moist soil along roads and in open woods, Mexico to Braziland Paraguay. 


Mexico: Cérdoba, Bourgeaw 1662 in part. 

GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Collins & Goll 08, Cook & Griggs 530, Tuerck- 
heim 7797, 8795; Puerto Barrios, Kellerman 5114. 

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 781, 5578, 5587 in part. 

Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4042; Turrialba, Tonduz 4092; Tuis, Tonduz 
11396; Talamanca, Tonduz 8557; Carrillo, Biolley 3107; Echéverria, Pittier & 
Tonduz 2479; San José, Pittier 11838. 

Panama: Hart 73. 

CoLtomsia: Santa Marta, Smith 206, 2190. 

TrinipapD: Fendler 946 (Kew Herb.). 

Braziu: Madeira, Rusby 199 in part. 

ParaGuay: Morong 441. 


59. Panicum pilosum Swartz. 


Panicum pilosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22.1788. ‘‘Jamaica.’’ The type, 
in the Swartz Herbarium, labeled ‘‘Jamaica, Swartz. P. pilosum fl. ind. occ.,’’ consists 
of two branching plants. 

Panicum distichum Lam. Encycl. 4: 731.1798. ‘‘Cette plante crdit 4 la Jamaique.”’ 
The type, in the Lamarck Herbarium, consists of a panicle only. No locality is given 
upon the label. 

Panicum pilisparsum Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 57. 1818. ‘‘In graminosis humidis 
plantitionis Hamburg,’’ Essequibo [British Guiana]. The type isin the Géttingen 
Herbarium, but a portion of this is in the Trinius Herbarium and was examined there. 

Panicum trichophorum Schrad. in Schult. Mant. 2: 247.1824. ‘“‘In Brasilia. Princeps 
Sereniss. Maximil. Neowidensis.’’ The type is in the Schrader Herbarium at the 
Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. 

Setaria disticha Humb.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 305. 1825. Based on ‘‘ Panicum 
distichon Lam.”’ 

Panicum distans Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 305. 1825. This herbarium name 
of Willdenow is given as a synonym under Setaria disticha Humb. The type, in 
the Willdenow Herbarium, was collected by Humboldt in ‘‘ America meridionale.’’ 

Panicum densiflorum Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1:320.1825. The name is credited 
to ‘‘W. herb.,’’ and the locality is given as ‘‘Ad Orinoc.’”’ The type collected by 
Humboldt, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘ Amer. Merid.’’ 

Setaria pilosa Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 47.1829. Based on Panicum pilosum Swartz. 

Setaria meyert Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 47. 1829. Based on Panicum pilisparsum 
Meyer. 

Setaria schraderi Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 47. 1829. Based on Panicum trichophorum 
Schrad. 

Panicum apiculatum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65. 1854. This is given 
as asynonym under P. pilosum Swartz. In the Trinius Herbarium and in the United 
States National Herbarium are specimens bearing this name collected by Salzmann in 
Bahia, Brazil, which belong to P. pilosum. 


41616°—vo1t 15—10——8 


114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum distichum lancifolium Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 548. 1864. Grisebach bases 
this upon a specimen from Trinidad collected by Crueger. The type, Crueger 84, 
in the Grisebach Herbarium, is an exceptionally robust plant, with numerous racemes 
and villous nodes. Grisebach states that the rachis of the branches is glabrous, but 
the type has slender bristles thinly interspersed. It resembles Hart’s no. 732 from 


Jamaica. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants annual, usually decumbent or creeping at base, rooting at the nodes and send- 
ing up erect branches, smaller plants sometimes erect; culms usually branching, 25 
to 100 cm. high, the nodes villous or sometimes glabrous or nearly so; sheaths elongated, 
but usually less so than the internodes, keeled, separating more or less from the culm, 
exposing the long prophyllum, and inrolled at the summit, somewhat simulating a 
petiole to the blade, glabrous or sometimes ciliate or sparsely 
hirsute; ligules wanting; blades ascending or spreading, narrowly 
lanceolate, 4 to 20 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, broadest near the 
cordate or truncate base, puberulent at the very base, otherwise 
glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent; panicles consisting of 
10 to 40 spike-like, densely-flowered, somewhat spreading racemes 

along an axis 5 to 15 cm. long, the lower distant; racemes | to 3 cm. 
Fig. 108.2’. plo Jone, straight or curved, bearing numerous spikelets in clusters of 

sum. From type 5) 8 ’ oars DS eT 0) 

specimen. 1 to 3 secund on the lower side, the rachises copiously to sparsely 

papillose-hispid, the hairs 1 to 3 mm. long, wanting in occasional 
specimens; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, and nearly 1 mm. thick; first 
glume about half the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, 
the former 5, the latter 3-nerved, both scabrous on the midnerve at the apex, the 
sterile palea as long as its lemma, beconiing subrigid and forcing open the spikelet; 
‘fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide. 

This species differs from P.laxum in the more freely branching habit, compara- 
tively shorter and uniformly cordate or truncate blades, and smaller panicles of shorter, 
denser racemes, usually conspicuously bristly. In the following specimens the 
bristles are wanting: Curtiss 305, Rovirosa 599, Rusby & Squires 79. The latter is also 
exceptional in having pubescent spikelets. In this species an occasional internode 
is much shortened, thus giving a few leaves the appearance of being nearly in pairs. 
Most of the specimens from North America have villous nodes, but those from South 
America are commonly glabrous on the nodes. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Fields and open woods, Mexico, West Indies, and south to Brazil. 

Mexico: Mirador, Iiebmann 411; Chiapas, Nelson 3056; San Juan Bautista, 
Rovirosa 599. ; 

GUATEMALA: Los Andes, Kellerman 5119; Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Goll 11, Tuerck- 
hevm 8797. 

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5587 in part; Bonacco Island, Gaumer. 

NicarRacua: Wright. : 

Costa Rica: Rio Hondo, Cook & Doyle 499; Talamanca, Tonduz 9495; Puerto 
Viejo, Biolley 7463. 

Panama: Fendler 368. 

Cusa: Herradura, Tracy 9063, Van Hermann 763; Dayaniguas, Wright 3451 in 
part; Sancti Spiritus, Ledén 908; Isle of Pines, Curtiss 305, Taylor 36. 

Jamaica: Gordon Town, Hart 732; Navy Island, Millspaugh 1859 (Hitchcock 
Herb.), Port Morant, Aitchcock in 1890 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

LEEWARD Istanps: Guadeloupe, Duss 4154. 

WINDWARD ISLANDS: Granada, Broadway in 1904. 

CoLomBiA: Santa Marta, Smith 203. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 115 


VENEZUELA: Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 79, 347. 

TrinipaD: Hart 3293. 

Topaco: Eggers*5534. 

British GuIANA: Jenman 5969. 

Dutcu Guiana: Hostmann 641 (Gray Herb.). 

FrencH GuIANa: Rotherey 14. 

Braz: Falls of Madeira, Rusby 210 in part; Campinas, Novaes 1288; Bahia, 
Salzmann; Rio Janeiro, Widgren, Wilkes Expl. Exped. in part; without 
locality, Riedel; Piauhy, Gardner. 

Bottvia: Mapiri, Rusby 212. 

ParaGuay: Hassler 8192 (Gray Herb.). 


60. Panicum laxum Swartz. 


Panicum laxwm Swartz, Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23.1788. ‘‘ Jamaica.’’ The type, in 
the Swartz Herbarium, is the upper part of aculm. The spikelets are 2.2 to2.3mm. 
long. A specimen in the Munich Herbarium sent by Swartz as P. laxum is a species 
of Leptochloa. 

Panicum agrostidiforme Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791. Lamarck cites ‘‘Ex 
Amer. merid. Communic. A. D. Richard.’’ The type, in the Lamarck Herbarium, 
is the upper part of a culm. 

Panicum tenuiculmum{e] Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq: 58. 1818. Meyer gives no par- 
ticular locality. The type is in the Géttingen Herbarium, but the portion examined 
is in the Trinius Herbarium, having been sent by Meyer to Trinius. 

Panicum diandrum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 393. pl. 110. 1829. ‘‘Crescit in insula 
Guadelupz inque Brasilia.’?’ The type, in the Berlin Herbarium, being the plant 
figured, was collected in Guadeloupe by Balbis in 1844. 

Panicum leptomerum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 311. 1830. The locality was unknown 
to Presl, who gives ‘‘Hab.....-.-.. ’? The type, collected by [ee 0183, in the Bohemian 
Wascuny bears the name but no locality. 

Panicum ramuliflorum Hochst.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65.1854. This is based 
on ‘‘Pl. Kappler surin. nr. 1523.’’ Specimens of this number have been examined 
at Munich and Leipzig, but none was found in the Steudel Herbarium. 

Agrostis nigrescens Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65. 1854. ‘‘Bahia.’’ This 
name is mentioned under Panicum ramuliflorum Hochst. as applying to a variety 
‘“‘ramulis paniculae densiflorus.’’ Steudel gives the name earlier,¢ but as a nomen 
nudum. Salzmann specimens from Bahia, bearing this name, in the Trinius Herba- 
rium and in the United States National Herbarium, are densely flowered forms of P. 
laxum. 

Panicum nigrescens Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 66.1854. This is given asa 
synonym under P. larum Swartz. Doell® also gives this name in the same way. 
It is doubtless the same as Agrostis nigrescens, but we have seen no Salzmann specimen 
labeled Panicum nigrescens. 

Panicum agrostis Nees; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 22: 213. 1877. This is given as a 
synonym under P. cna Swartz, and is credited to ‘‘ Nees in herb. schedulis.’? The © 
type, in the Berlin Herbarium, was collected in Brazil by Sello. 

Panicum laxum pubescens Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 213.1877. The first specimen 
cited by Doell is ‘‘Prope Santarem (Spruce ‘Panicum n. 26’).’? The type, in the 
Munich Herbarium, has pubescent spikelets. 

Panicum pilosum epilosum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 24.1886. This appears to be founded 
on P. agrostidiforme Lam., as this is the first synonym given. The specimens cited 
by Fournier belong to P. lain Swartz. 


a@Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 41. 1841. 6 Mart. Fl. Bras. 22: 213. 1877. 


116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants more or less spreading, often rooting at the nodes of the decumbent base; 
culms simple or sparingly branching, 40 to 100 cm. or more high; sheaths shorter than 
the elongated internodes, ciliate and hirsute at the juncture with the blade, otherwise 
glabrous or papillose-hirsute toward the summit; ligules fimbriate, about 0.5 mm. 
long; blades erect or ascending, conduplicate or flat, 10 to 25 cm. 
long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, rarely wider, narrowed to the rounded or 
subcordate base, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs on the upper 
surface; panicles oblong in outline, 5 to 30 cm. long, composed of 
many slender, raceme-like branches, the lower distant, spreading, 
sometimes as much as 10 cm. long, the upper ascending; branchlets 
very short, mostly secund on the lower side of the branches, bearing 
2 or 3 spikelets, or a few toward the base of the lower branches 5 to 
10 mm. long; spikelets 1.1 to 1.5 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide and 
as thick or thicker; first glume one-third to half the length of the spikelet, sub- 
acute, 1 to 3-nerved; second glume slightly shorter than the sterile lemma, the 
latter subtending a palea of nearly equal length, this becoming subrigid at maturity 
forcing open the spikelet; fruit 1 to 1.1 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide. 

This widely distributed species is variable in appearance. The following excep- 
tionally robust specimens from Mexico and Guatemala have comparatively short, 
cordate blades 1.5 to 1.8 cm. wide, and very turgid spikelets 1.5 mm. long, a few 
stiff hairs on the branchlets: Finck 3, Liebmann 419, Purpus 2159, 2160,¢ Tuerckheim 
1254. 

Tonduz’s no. 3071 and his no. 4868, in the Costa Rica Herbarium, have pubescent 
spikelets as in the Spruce specimen upon which Doell bases his variety pubescens. 
_ These appear to be merely exceptional specimens. 


Fic. 109.—P. lax- 
um. Fromtype 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Savannas and open woods, Mexico, West Indies, and south to Paraguay. 


Mexico: Culiacan, Palmer 1558 in 1891; Mirador, Iiebmann 412, 419; Cordoba, 
Finck 3; Mayito, Rovirosa 427; Zacualpan, Purpus 2159, 2160 in part; Oriz- 
aba, Botteri 688. 

GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Tuerckhevrm 1254, 8803; Santa Rosa, Heyde 
& Lux 3900; Puerto Barrios, Pittier 361. 

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5587 in part. 

Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4864, 4871; Rio Tilirf, Tonduz 3071; Turri- 
alba, Pittier 16123; Las Mesas, Pitter 3117.. 

Banamas: Turk Island, Madiana (Gray Herb.). ; 

Cusa: Herradura, Caldwell & Baker 7136, Hitchcock 177, Tracy 9054, 9062, 9072, 
9099; Wajay, Harle & Wilson 3438; Santiago de las Vegas, Hitchcock 178, 
Tracy 9114; Retiro, Wright 759; Guanabacoa, Leén 914; Sancti Spiritus, Leon 
907, 909; without locality, Wright 3751 in part, 3863 in part; Isle of Pines, 
Curtiss 464, Palmer & Riley 1069, Taylor 37. 

Porto Rico: Utuado, Britton & Cowell 394; Cayey, Heller & Heller 522; Catamio, 
Heller & Heller 1378; Ponce, Heller in 1902; Mayaguez, Sintenis 360; Fajardo, 
Sintenis 1254; Mount Morales, Britton & Marble 1068; without locality, 
Hggers 1329. 

Danisu West Inpres: St. Thomas, Eggers 165 (Gray Herb.). 

LEEWARD IstANps: Guadeloupe, Duss 3179. 

WINDWARD Isianps: St. Lucia, U. S. Fish Com. in 1887; Barbadoes, Dash 450; 
Granada, Broadway in 1905. 


@ Panicum viscidellum Scribn. was also distributed under this number. ~ 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 117 


CotomsiA: Santa Marta, Smith 202, 204; Cérdoba, Pittier 521, 553; Cali, Put- 
tier 665. 

TRINIDAD: Haré 2177, 2289. 

British GuIANA: Jenman 6008, 6009. 

FRENCH GUIANA: Sagot 692 (Gray Herb.). 

Braziu: Bahia, Salzmann; Madeira, Rusby 210; Prov. Goyaz, Gardner 3517; 
Campinas, Novaes 1246; Rio Janeiro, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 10; without 
locality, Gardner 1183, Riedel 52, Sello. 

ParaGuay: Hassler 8465, Morong 534, 537, 977, 1574. 

Uruauay: Arechavaleta 31 in 1888, 2 in 1893. 

Ecuapor: Balao, Eggers 14585. 

Bottvia: Mapiri, Rusby 228, 236; Unduavi, Rusby 22; Yungas, Bang 266, in 
part, 308a; Chaco, Fries 1537. 

61. Panicum exiguiflorum Griseb. 


x 


Panicum minutiflorum Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 305. 1850, not Rasp. 1825. 
““Crescit in pratis et locis herbosis insulae Cubae.’’ The type, in the Paris Her- 
barium, is labeled ‘“‘Insula Cuba. Legit Ramon de la Sagra.”’ 

Panicum laxum variegatum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. The only specimen 
cited is Wright 3450. The type, in the Grisebach Herbarium, is from western Cuba, 
1863, and is numbered ‘‘909=3450.”’ 

Panicum exiguiflorum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 234. 1866. Based on “P. minutiflorum 
Rich. ex descr., non Hochst.”’ 

Panicum tricolor Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 370.1901. ‘‘In insulis Bahama; 
Fortune Island, inter frutices, Eggers nr. 3978.’’ The type is in Hackel’s herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, cespitose, sometimes sending out prostrate, stolon-like shoots; 
culms simple or sparingly branching from the upper nodes, erect from a decumbent 
or ascending base, slender, wiry, 15 to 50 cm. high, the lower nodes 
geniculate; sheaths much shorter than the elongated internodes, 
ciliate, otherwise glabrous; gules membranaceous, delicate, fim- 
briate; blades appressed or ascending, 2 to 6 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.5 
mm. wide, glabrous; panicles 3 to 10 cm. long, one-third to half as 
wide, the slender branches few, spreading or reflexed at maturity, 
Fic. 110.—P. exig- bearing short, divergent branchlets with clustered, short-pediceled 

uiflorum. From spikelets; spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, and 

ae agate twice as thick; first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, 

SoBe Grisecb,  2-merved; second glume about two-thirds the length of the subequal 

sterile and fertile florets, the sterile palea very large and firm at 
maturity, much expanding the spikelet; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute. 

The immature spikelets are dorsally compressed, as characteristic in this genus, 
but as they mature the sterile palea becomes greatly enlarged, with broad firm wings, 
and forces the spikelet open. In this character and in habit this species is most 
closely related to P. hians Ell. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low savannas and moist sandy woods, Bahamas and Cuba. 


Banamas: Fortune Island, Eggers 3978 (Hackel Herb.), Hitchcock in 1890; 
Inagua, Nash & Taylor 1450; Long Cay, Brace 4158, 4164; Acklins Island, 
Brace 4380 (all in Field Mus. Herb.). 

Cusa: Chirigote, Wright 3450; Herradura, Hitchcock 179, Tracy 9075; Prov. of 
Santa Clara, Ledn 902; Guanabacoa, Leon 911, 913; Isle of Pines, Taylor 35. 


118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
62. Panicum hians Eli. 


Panicum hians Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 118. 1816. Elliott gives no particular 
locality, but he states that the species is ‘“‘ Very abundant near Michaux’s old farm, 10 
miles from Charieston.’? The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘Panicum 
Hians mihi. Hab: in pinetis humidis,’’ but without particular locality. 

Panicum oblongiflorum Desv. Opusc. 89. 1831. ‘‘Habitat in Carolina * * * & 
Bose.’’ The type is in the Desvaux Herbarium. 

Panicum jejunum Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 2': 103. 1836. 
‘‘Louisiana.’’ The type specimen, in the Trinius Herbarium, is marked ‘‘ Louisiana. 
mis. Hooker. 1835.”’ 

Atraincompleta Bosc; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 45.1840. This isa nomen nudum 
mentioned as a synonym of Panicum debile [no author cited], but there is no cross 
reference under Panicum debile. We have seen specimens of this collected by Bosc, 
in the Trinius Herbarium, in the Padua Herbarium, and in the 
Delessert Herbarium. All are Panicum hians. In the absence 
of any evidence as to which is the type specimen we take as the 
type the one in the Padua Herbarium, which appears to con- 
tain Bosc’s own herbarium. The locality of this is given as 
‘‘Caroline.”’ 

Steinchisma hians Raf.; Ind. Kew. 2: 982. 1895. Based on 
Panicum hians Ell. Nash @ segregated the genus Steinchisma and 
was followed by Hitchcock.® Steinchisma was first mentioned 
by Rafinesque ¢ in a letter to De Candolle in which he pro- 
poses several new genera, this genus appearing as follows: ‘‘Stein- 
chisma= Panicum divaricatum, hians.’’ This probably refers to Panicum mans Ell. 
and to P. diaricatum Michx. which is given by Elliott as a queried synonym under 
‘P. hans. Panicum divaricatum Michx. is, however, Festuca obtusa Spreng.¢ Rafin- 
esque’s name is given by Steudelé as ‘“‘Steinschisma Rafin. Panicum debile.”’ 
Panicum debile Ell. is P. verrucosum Mubhl. 

Nash separated the genus Steinchisma on the character of the enlarged palea of the 
sterile floret. This character is shared by Panicum exiguiflorum, P. cupreum, the 
South American P. decipiens Nees, and, in less pronounced form, by P. laxwm and P 
pilosum, while P. polygonatum, which is evidently allied to P. laxwm, has a very small 
palea. This character, since it proves not to be correlated with any other, does not 
seem to us sufficient for the segregation as a genus of those species showing it, especially 
since such segregation would place closely allied species in separate genera. 

Beal and Scribner g misapply the name Panicum melicarium Michx. to P. hians 
Ell. Panicum melicarium Michx. is Panicularia elongata (Torr.) Kuntze, P. melicaria 
(Michx.) Hitche.’ 


Fie. 111.—P. hians. 
From ty pespecimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, cespitose; culms simple or sparingly branching, 20 to 60 cm. 
high, erect or a few of the outer ones geniculate and rooting at the lower nodes, some- 
times prostrate and sending up erect branches; sheaths usually much shorter than the 
internodes, keeled, glabrous; ligules about 0.5 mm. long; blades 5 to 15 cm. long, 1 


a Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 105. 1903. 

6A. Gray, Man. ed. 7. 117. 1908. 

¢ Bull. Bot. Seringe 220. 1830. 

@See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 149. 1908. 
€Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 635. 1841. 

f Grasses N. Amer. 2: 127. 1896. 

g9 U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. '7: 66. /. 48. 1897. 
hSee Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 149. 1908. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 119 


to 5 mm. wide, usually scarcely wider than the sheaths, erect, flat or folded, pilose on 
’ the upper surface near the base, otherwise glabrous; panicles 5 to 20 cm. long, usually 
loose and open, the primary branches few, slender, distant, spreading or drooping, 
sometimes rather narrow and compact, with ascending branches, the branchlets borne 
along the upper half or toward the ends only, the short-pediceled spikelets in more or 
less secund clusters; spikelets 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide and twice as 
thick at maturity, rather strongly nerved; first glume about half the length of the 
spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, slightly exceeded by the 
enlarged, indurated sterile palea; fruit 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, the margins 
of the lemma scarcely inrolled. 

The immature spikelets are dorsally compressed; it is only as they mature that the 
characteristic induration of the sterile palea takes place. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Damp soil along ponds and streams, North Carolina to Florida, west to New Mexico 
and north through Arkansas to southern Missouri and Oklahoma. 


Missouri: Campbell, Bush 120. 

NortH Carorina: Rowan County, Small & Heller 205; Wilsons Mills, Chase 
3098. 

Souta Carona: Columbia, Curtiss 3594; Orangeburg, Hitchcock 451. 

Georcia: Savannah, Kearney 187; Bulloch County, Harper 838; Oliver, Curtiss 
6836. 

Fiorma: Jacksonville, Combs 26, Kearney 173; Lake City, Combs 117, 125, 172, 
187; Madison, Combs 262; River Junction, Combs 434; Pensacola, Combs 
526; Quincy, Combs 427; Chipley, Combs 587; Waldo, Combs 712; Ellzey, 
Combs 831; Arcadia, Combs 1246; Eustis, Nash 213; Jupiter, Curtiss 5534; 
Manatee, Rugel 231; Braidentown, Combs 1261, 1325, Tracy 7038; Pease 
Creek, Curtiss 3594; Myers, Hitchcock 872, Lee Co. Pl. 488, 489; Miami, 
Chase 3889. 

ALABAMA: Tuskegee, Carver 47; 
Mobile, Kearney 30, Mohr in 
1883. 

Mississippi: Nicholson, Kearney 
363; Starkville, Tracy in Pol- 
lard Distr. 1418; Waynesboro, 
Kearney 121; Ocean Springs, 
Seymour 25. 

ARKANSAS: Central Arkansas, Har- 
vey; Malvern, Eggert 117. 

LovIsIANA: Rayville, Ball 26; Cal- Fig. 112.—Distribution of P. hians. 
houn, Ball 60, Hitchcock 1282; 

Alexandria, Ball 535; Oberlin, Ball 190; Red River Parish, Ball 123; Abbe- 
ville, Langlois in 1884: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1133, Tracy in 1897. 

' Texas: Jacksonville, Plank 63; Luling, Plank 18; Texarkana, Heller & Heller 
4103, 4145; Huntsville, Plank 65; Orange, Plank 46; Pierce, Tracy 7745; 
Terrell, Warburton in 1904; Hempstead, Hall 815; Indianola, Ravenel in 
1869; Ennis, Smith in 1898; Harvester, Hitchcock 1184, Thurow in 1898; 
Galveston, Plank 35, 83; Kingsville, Piper in 1906; Cold Creek, Bigelow in 
1853; without locality, Reverchon 99 in 1879. - 

OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 707, 708, 709; on the Washita, Palmer 381 in 1868. 

New Mexico: Las Cruces, Plank 6. 


120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


63. Panicum cupreum nom. nov. 


Panicum hians purpurascens Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1891: 296. 1891, note: 
purpurascens H. B. K. 1815. ‘‘(3449) [Pringle] * * * Wet hollows in prairies of 
Flor de Maria, State of Mexico. September 4.’’ The type is in Hitchcock’s herba- 
rium. It was collected in 1890. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, in small tufts; culms simple, erect, 40 to 60 cm. high, slender, 
wiry, glabrous; leaves somewhat clustered at the base, the sheaths keeled, glabrous, 
the lower overlapping, the upper shorter than the inter- 
nodes; ligules fimbriate, scarcely 0.5 mm. long; blades 5 to 15 
cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, at the base scarcely as wide as the 
sheaths, erect or ascending, folded and more or less twisted, 
glabrous or with a few long hairs on the upper surface at the 
base; panicles very long-exserted, 3 to 11 cm. long, dark pur- 
ple, composed of a few distant, slender, appressed or ascending 
branches, naked about half their length, bearing short, 
crowded branchlets with densely clustered spikelets along the 
upper half or toward the ends; spikelets 3 mm. long, about 
1.2 mm. wide, and at maturity nearly twice as thick, rather 
Fig. 113.—P. cupreum. strongly nerved; first glume one-third the length of the spike- 

From type specimen of Jet or less, obtuse, concave along the midnerve; second glume 

P. hians purpurascens F ; 

Sean and sterile lemma equal, exceeded by the enlarged sterile 

: palea, the lemma strongly concave along the midnerve below; 
fruit 2.4 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, the margins of the lemma more inrolled than in 
P. hians, the apex tipped with a minute bit of hyaline membrane. 

This species is allied to P. hians, from which it is chiefly distinguished by the 
larger, more congested spikelets, with shorter, concave first glume and concave sterile 
lemma. 

The type collection, Pringle’s no. 3449, two specimens of which we have seen, is 
the only one known of this species. 


Stolonifera.—Plants perennial, decumbent at base or widely creeping and rooting 
at the nodes; culms branching, pubescent in lines or glabrate; sheaths (except 
in P. biglandulare) with a dense line of pubescence at the summit; ligules mem- 
branaceous, nearly obsolete; blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate 
and with a pubescent, petiole-like base; panicles composed of few to several 
short, densely-flowered racemes along a main axis, a tuft of pubescence at the bases 
of the rachises; spikelets short-pediceled, mostly in 2’s, secund along the lower 
side of the rachis, strongly nerved, the second glume and sterile lemma scabrous 
on the midnerves toward the summit, exceeding the smooth and shining fruit. 

Spikelets hispid and with 2 crateriform glands on the sterile 

lemma; second glume and sterile lemma not boat-shaped. 
Spikelets not over 2mm. long; blades not over4cm.long. 66. P. pulchellum. 
Spikelets 3.6 mm. long; blades 4 to 10 cm. long..-...... . 67. P. biglandulare. 
Spikelets glabrous, glandless; second glume and sterile lemma 
boat-shaped. 
Blades not over 5 cm., usually 2 or 3 cm. long; second 
glume rather blunt and shorter than the sterile 
hernia sie =. De SON TE 2 eee A Gace as eae SU a 64. P. stoloniferum. 
Blades 5 to 11 cm. long; second glume acute, nearly equal- 
mie the sterile lemimay Soe. 8 5 ks Se ete 65. P. frondescens. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 121 
64. Panicum stoloniferum Poir. 


Panicum stoloniferum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 274.1816. ‘‘Cette plante 
croit 4 Vile de Cayenne.’’ The type is in the Cosson Herbarium. 

Panicum ctenodes Trin. Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 171. 1829. Trinius cites no specimen 
nor particular locality, but states that the figure is ‘‘ad specimen Brasiliense.’’ There- 
is apparently no specimen in the Trinius Herbarium bearing this name, but in the 
Berlin Herbarium is a specimen from Trinius which is probably a part of the type, 
and which bears the name in Trinius’s handwriting. It was collected in Brazil by 
Beyrich. 

Panicum leprieurti Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65. 1854. Two specimens are cited, 
*“P_ stoloniferum Hochst. Hrbr. Kappler nr. 1500. Surinam et Leprieur in Cayenne.”’ 
On account of the specific name Leprieur’s specimen is taken as the 
type. Thisis in the Steudel Herbarium at Paris. It is a some- 
what undersized specimen labeled, ‘‘Cayenne, Leprieur 1835.”’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants creeping, freely branching; culms 10 to 50 cm. long, with 
two opposite lines of minute crisp pubescence, rarely pubescent all 
over or glabrate, the modes pubescent or glabrous; sheaths shorter 
than the internodes or overlapping on the branches, ciliate, other- 
Fig. 114.—P.stoloni- wise glabrate, or crisp-pubescent; ligules fimbriate, about 0.2 mm. 

ferum. From jong. blades 1 to 5cm. long, 3 to 15 mm. wide, the margins undu- 
type specimen. ; 5 : 
late, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the upper surface, minutely soft- 
pubescent beneath; panicles 1 to 5 cm. long, about one-third as wide, racemes 5 to 10 
mm. long, ascending or spreading, the main axis more or less pubescent; spikelets 
2.3 to 2.5 mm. long, about 0.6 mm. wide and 1 mm. thick, glabrous; first glume about 
one-third the length of the spikelet, 3-nerved, blunt; second glume blunt, shorter than 
the acute sterile lemma, both somewhat boat-shaped, 5-nerved, the sterile palea about 
half as long as its lemma; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods and low grounds, Guatemala to Brazil and Ecuador. 


GUATEMALA: Puerto Barrios, Pittier 364. 

TriIntpaAD: Broadway 2370; Crueger 79, Bot. Gard. Herb. 2293. 
British Guiana: Jenman 4081. 

Dutcu Guiana: ‘‘Surinam”’ Hering (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 
FRENCH GuIANA: Sagot 667. 

Braziu: Beyrich (Trinius Herb.). 

Ecuapor: Balao, Eggers 14149. 


65. Panicum frondescens Meyer. 


Panicum frondescens Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 56.1818. ‘‘In graminosis umbrosis 
insulae Arouabisch”’ [British Guiana]. We have not examined the type, which is at 
Géttingen, but we have seen in the Trinius Herbarium a portion of it which was sent 
by Meyer. 

Panicum olyraefolium Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 43. pl. 1. f. 6. 1823. Raddi states@ that 
this occurs ‘‘in sepibus prope fossas udas in viciniis Rio- Janeiro.’’ We have not seen 
the type of this, but the description and figure agree with P. frondescens. 


a2 Op. cit. 44 under P. donacifolium. 


122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum ctenodes majus Trin. Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 171. f. A. 1829. In the descrip- 
tion of P. ctenodes a larger variety is referred to and figure A of the plate represents 
this form. It does not appear certain that Trinius intended to name this in this way, 
but in the explanation of the figure “‘ad specimen Brasiliense’’ he uses the term ‘‘ Var. 
-major,’’? and Kunth@ cites the name as ‘‘ Panicum ctenodes var. major.’’? The type 
is in the Trinius Herbarium. It is a shoot without a label, lying on a sheet of speci- 
mens of P. stoloniferum trom Brazil and appears to be the basis of figure A. One of 
the loose labels may belong to this specimen. 

Panicum stoloniferum major[us] Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 389. 1831. Based on Pan- 
icum ctenodes majus Trin. : 

Panicum brachyclados Reichenb.; Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 
251. 1834. This is given as a synonym under P. /frondescens Meyer, the authorship 
being given as ‘‘ Rchbch. in Weig. hb. Surin.” The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, 
is labeled ‘‘ Panicum (Echinochloa) brachyclados. Surinam. ex herb. Reichenb.”’ 

Panicum kegelti Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65. 1854. ‘‘Guatemala.’’ There is a 
specimen in the Berlin Herbarium bearing this name, collected in Guatemala by 
Kegel (no. 12716), which may be the type. No specimen of this 
was seen in the Steudel Herbarium. 

Panicum umbrosum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 65. 1854, 
not Retz. 1786. This is given as a synonym under P. stoloniferum 
Poir. The type, in the Paris Herbarium, is from Bahia, Brazil. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Culms ascending from a decumbent or creeping base, less freely 
branching than in P. stoloniferum, 30 to 50 cm. high, compressed, 
glabrous except below the panicle or sometimes with two lnes of 
pubescence toward the summit of the internodes; nodes black; 
sheaths shorter than the internodes, densely ciliate, otherwise glab- 
rous; ligules nearly obsolete; blades 5 to 11 cm. long, 12 to 20mm. 
wide, acuminate, narrowed toward the base, glabrous; panicles 5 to 11 cm. long, 
usually less than one-third as wide, rather compact, the numerous, approximate 
racemes ascending or somewhat spreading, the lower 10 to 25 mm. long; spikelets 
2.6 to 2.8 mm. long, about 0.6 mm. wide and 1 mm. thick, glabrous; first glume 
scarcely one-third the length of the spikelet, acute, scabrous on the midnerve; second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, somewhat boat-shaped, acute, the sterile palea 
about two-thirds as long as its lemma; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, pointed, 
short-stipitate. 

This species resembles P. stoloniferum, but is larger in all its parts, while the numer- 
ous racemes are usually aggregated into a rather compact panicle. 

The spikelets of this species and of P. stoloniferum, with their somewhat boat-shaped 
second glume and sterile lemma, suggest species of Sacciolepis. In this species the 
stipitate fruit also shows an approach to that genus, but the habit is wholly different. 


_ Fie. 115.—P. fronde- 
scens. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist woods, Mexico to Brazil and Peru. 


Mexico: Papantla, Liebmann 405; St. Sebastian, Rovirosa 497. 
GuatTEMALA: Dept. Peten, Walker 1138. 

TrIntpapv: Broadway 2371. 

British Guiana: Meyer (Trinius Herb.). 

Dutcu Guiana: Weigelt (Trinius Herb.); Hering (Acad. Phil. Herb.). 
FreNcH Guiana: Sagot 689 (Gray Herb.). 


a Rév. Gram. 2: 389. 1831. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. Ms 


Brazi: Bahia, Salzmann; Rio Janeiro, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 11; Sao Paulo, Léf- 
gren & Edwall 2803; Porto Alegre, Reineck & Czermak 241. 

Peru: PéppigéTrinius Herb.). 

Boutvia: Mapiri, Rusby 229. 


66. Panicum pulchellum Raddi. 


Panicum pulchellum Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 42. 1823. ‘“‘In sylvaticis prope Catumby, 
non procul ab Urbe Rio de janeiro.’’ There is a specimen in the herbarium of the 
British Museum marked ‘‘Panicum pulchellum Rad. Rio janeiro. Raddi” which 
appears to be authentic, but probably is not the type. 

Eriochloa? pulchella Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 30. 1829. Based on Panicum pulchellum 
Raddi. 

Panicum leptostachyum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 311.1830. ‘Hab. in Mexico.” The 
type, in the herbarium of the Bohemian Museum, is labeled “Mexico.” | 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants apparently perennial, decumbent or creeping at base; culms slender, rather 
freely branching, ascending, pubescent in lines or glabrate, the nodes bearded; 
sheaths short, softly pubescent or glabrate; ligules ciliate, 
about 0.3 mm. long; blades thin, spreading, 1.5 to 4 cm. 
long, 4 to 15 mm. wide, rather abruptly acuminate, un- 
symmetrically subcordate; panicles oblong, 2 to 12 cm. 
long, rarely over 2 cm. wide, the racemes 5 to 15 mm. long, 
all about the same length, ascending or finally spreading, 
distant or approximate toward the summit; spikelets 1.8 to 

2 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, turgid but not thicker 

Fie. 116.—P. pulchellum. : Pisce i i 
From Raddi’s specimen in than wide, hispid, the hairs longer toward. the margin, 
British Museum. first glume one-third to half the length of the spikelet, 
| acute, 3-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma sub- 
equal, acute, the latter bearing at either side of the midnerve a crateriform gland, the 
sterile palea about three-fourths as long as its lemma; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.6 mm. 

wide, rather blunt. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods and savannas, Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. 


Mexico: Cordoba, Bourgeaw 1455; Minatitlan, Smith 589 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Cook & Griggs 284, Maxon & Hay 3153, 
Tuerckheim 7702, 8794; El Palmar, Kellerman 6246. 

Costa Rica: Boruca, Pittier 4459, Tonduz 4460 in part; Cafias Gordas, Pittier 7360; 
Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4881. 

Brazit: Rio Janeiro, Raddi (British Mus. Herb.). 

Boutvia: Guanai, Rusby 217. 


67. Panicum biglandulare Scribn. & Smith. 


Panicum biglandulare Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 13. 
pl. 4.1897. ‘‘Near Pinabete, Chiapas, February 8, 1896, at an altitude of 6,500 to 
8,000 feet; No. 3781,’’ collected by E. W. Nelson. The type, in the National Herba- 
rium, is a culm 120 cm. long, bearing two ascending branches about the middle, the 
lower portion being naked. 


124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Culms ascending from a decumbent base, becoming spreading and much-branched, 
somewhat compressed, the line of pubescence sparse or wanting; sheaths densely 
papillose-ciliate, otherwise glabrous; blades 4 to 
10 em. long, 10 to 18 mm. wide, lanceolate, acu- 
minate, narrowed to the rounded base, more or 
less pilose on both surfaces; panicles 5 to 12 cm. 
long, the few, distant, racemes 0.8 to 2 cm. long, 
ascending or finally spreading; spikelets 3.6 mm. 
long, about 1 mm. wide, pointed; first glume 
scarcely one-third the length of the spikelet, his- 
pid along the midnerve and margin; second glume 
shorter than the sterile lemma, 7-nerved, hispid, 
the hairs longer toward the summit and margin, 
the sterile lemma 5-nerved, hispidulous and along 
Fig. 117.—P. biglandulare. From type the margins hispid, bearing at either side of the 

specimen. midnerve a crateriform gland, these more promi- 

nent than in P. pulchellum, the sterile palea nearly 

as long as its lemma, hispidulous; fruit 2.4 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely 
stipitate. 

In the original description of P. biglandulare the margins of the sheaths are de- 
scribed as ‘“‘clothed with glands bearing branching hairs.’’ The hairs are found to be 
simple and arising from papille. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Among bushes, mountains of Mexico and Guatemala. 


Mexico: Near Pinabete, Nelson 3781. 
GUATEMALA: Coban, Tuerckheitm II 1956. 


Parviglumia.—Plants erect or ascending, usually from a decumbent base; culms 
slender; sheaths densely ciliate and with a dense ring of pubescence at the 
summit; ligules less than 0.5 mm. long; blades firm, lanceolate, constricted 
into a very short petiole-like base, and having a thin, white, cartilaginous 
margin; panicles light green, with few, compactly flowered branches; spike- 
lets not over 2 mm. long, obovate, obtuse, glabrous, the first glume usually 
about one-fifth the length of the spikelet; fruit, except in P. parviglume, with 
scattered, appressed, silky hairs. 

Besides the three here given two Brazilian species belong in this group: 
P. trichidiachne Doell¢ and P. schiffneri Hack.,® and also P. conchatum 
Fourn.¢ described from a Mexican specimen.@ 
Blades 12 to 16 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide; fruit glabrous... .. 70. P. parviglume. 
Blades not over 10 cm. long nor 1.8 cm. wide; fruit with 
scattered silky hairs. 


Blades scabrous on the upper suriace, not faleate.....-.. 68. P. virgultorum. 
Blades sparsely hispid on the upper surface, falcate...... 69. P. schmitzit. 


@In Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 339. pl. 49. 1877. 

6 Denkschr. Math.-Naturw. Akad. Wiss. Wien 79: 11. 1906. 
¢ Mex. Pl. 2: 25. 1886. 

@See P. conchatum Fourn. page 329. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 125 
68. Panicum virgultorum Hack. 


Panicum virgultorfm Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 369.1901. “‘Costarica: in 
virgultis ad La Verbena prope Alajuelito leg. Tonduz (Pittier et Dur. Pl. costar. exs. 
nr. 8829) et ad rivulos prope tres Rios (Pittier ibid. nr. 4326).”’ The type, Tonduz 
8829, is in Hackel’s herbarium. 

Tonduz# listed this species under the name ‘“‘ Panicum oblongum Hack.’’ This 
was a herbarium name at first applied by Hackel to Tonduz’s no. 8829, as shown by 
specimens in Hackel’s herbarium and others distributed by Tonduz. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, ascending from a decumbent or sometimes a widely creeping 
base, branching and rooting at the lower, geniculate nodes; culms slender, wiry, 0.4 
to 1 meter or more long, compressed, glabrous or pubes- 
cent below the nodes; nodes pubescent or glabrous; 
sheaths often as long as the internodes, usually short- 
ciliate, otherwise glabrous or the lowermost pubescent; 
ligules membranaceous; blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 
mm. wide, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to 
the base, scabrous on the upper surface, smooth and 
glossy beneath; panicles mostly long-exserted, 2.5 to 7 
cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, the 2 to 4 branches 
ascending, compactly flowered except at the base, or the lower sometimes naked 
one-third its length, the short branchlets and pedicels pubescent; spikelets 1.6 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide; first glume less than one-fourth the length of the spikelet; second 
glume and sterile lemma equal, 5-nerved; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm: wide, oval, 
smooth and shining but with sparse, long, appressed, silky hairs. 


Fig. 113.—P.virgultorum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Hedgerows and cultivated fields, Guatemala and Costa Rica. 


GuaATEMALA: Dept. Huehuetenango, Seler 2708. 
Costa Rica: Alajuelita, Tonduz 8818, 8829. 


69. Panicum schmitzii Hack. 


Panicum schmitzii Hack. Ann. Naturhist. Hofm. Wien 17: 254.1902. No specimen 
nor locality is cited. The author states that the specimen was from Mexico and was 
sent him by Dr. Zahibruckner for identification, having been communicated to the 
Hofmuseum by Schmitz, but that neither the name of 
the collector nor the date of collection was given. The 
type is in Hackel’s herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants apparently perennial ascending, or erect from a 
long-jointed, creeping base, rooting and branching from 
Fic. 119.—P. schmitzii. From the nodes of the decumbent portion, the suberect branches 

type specimen. 20 to 45 cm. high, simple or nearly so; culms puberulent 

at least below the puberulent nodes; sheaths short, puberu- 

lent, at least toward the summit; ligules ciliate; blades 6 to 10 cm. long, 10 to 18 
mm. wide, lanceolate, more or less falcate, narrowed to the rounded base, sparsely 
papillose-hispid on the upper surface, glabrous or with a few scattered papille or 
hairs beneath; panicles rather short-exserted, 4 to 8 cm. long, the few subracemose 


2 Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 450. 1895. 


126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


branches finally somewhat spreading, pubescent at the base, bearing short, appressed, 
approximate branchlets of crowded spikelets along the upper two-thirds to three- 
fourths of their length; spikelets 1.8 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide; first glume scarcely 
one-fifth the length of the spikelet; second glume slightly longer than the sterile 
lemma, both 5-nerved; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, oval, the lemma sparsely 
clothed with appressed, silky hairs, the palea glabrous. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Shaded rocky slopes, southern Mexico. 
Mexico: Las Canoas, San Luis Potosi, Pringle 3817. 


70. Panicum parviglume Hack. 


Panicum parviglume Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 429.1901. ‘‘Costarica: in 
ripis fl. Rio Torres prope S. José (Pittier 9080), prope S. Francisco de Guadalupe 
(Tonduz, 2448).’’ The type, Pitter 9080, is in Hackel’s herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Culms slender, erect, from an ascending base, 100 cm. high, striate, sparsely papil- 
lose-pilose; sheaths exceeding the internodes, ciliate, sparsely papillose-pilose, striate, 
more densely pubescent at the juncture with the 
blade; ligules very short, ciliate; blades lanceolate 
or linear-lanceolate, 8 to 16 cm. long, 12 to 25 mm. 
wide, flat, firm, rounded at base, acuminate, sparsely 
hispidulous, especially above, the margin very sca- 
brous; panicles ovate, 15 to 25 cm. long, the branches 
spreading or ascending, the lower distant, solitary, 10 
to 12 cm. long, the lower fourth naked, bearded at 
' base; branchlets appressed, the longer 1 to 2cm. long, 
bearing 3 to 8 subcontiguous spikelets on slender, 
flexuous, scabrous pedicels 0.5 to 2 mm. long; spike- 
lets oval, 2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; first glume about one-fifth the length of the 
spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, slightly exceeding the fruit, faintly 
5-nerved, minutely apiculate; fruit smooth. 


Fig. 120.—P. parviglume. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Thickets along streams, southern Mexico and Costa Rica. The only complete speci- 
men in the National Herbarium is Tonduz’s no. 8448 from which the above descrip- 
tion is drawn. This was collected by Tonduz and Pittier at San Francisco de Guada- 
lupe, Costa Rica, ‘‘ Buissons sur les bords du Rio Torres.’’ 

In the National Herbarium there is a panicle, with upper leaf, of a plant of this 
species, with the specimen of Botteri’s no. 150, collected in Mexico. A similar frag- 
mentary specimen is mixed with the same collection in the Gray Herbarium. 


Verrucosa.—Glabrous annuals with weak, divaricately branching culms, decumbent 
at base and usually provided with aerial brace-roots at the lower nodes, the 
lower internodes much shorter than the middle and upper; ligules ciliate, 
not over 0.5 mm. long; panicles with divaricate, capillary branches, spikelet- 
bearing toward the ends; spikelets tuberculate; fruit minutely papillose, 
the margin of the lemma flat, inrolled only at base. 

Spikelets about 2 mm: long..clabrous. 22-45... oc ose eee 71. P. verrucosum. 

Sprkeletsover 3 mm. lone, Wispidte... se Genter ae 72. P. brachyanthum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 127 


71. Panicum verrucosum Mubl. 


Panicum debile Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 129. 1816, not Desf. 1798. Nospecimen nor 
locality is cited. The type was not found in the Elliott Herbarium but the descrip- 
tion clearly identifies the species. 

Panicum verrucosum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 113.1817. ‘‘Habitat in N. Caesarea, Dela- 
ware, et Georgia.’’ The typeisin the Muhlenberg Herbarium. On the sheet is written 
‘“verrucosum” but there is nothing to indicate from which of the three States cited 
the specimen came. 

Panicum umbraculum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 314. 1825. This and the follow- 
ing are names found in the Willdenow Herbarium, on specimens collected by Bosc, 
and published as synonyms of P. verrucosum Muhl. Both belong to this species. 

Panicum rugosum Bosc; Spreng. loc. cit. 


DESCRIPTION. 


’ 


Plants bright green, solitary or few together, lax, at first erect but soon decumbent 
at base, and ascending or widely spreading; culms slender, 20 cm. to 1.5 meters high; 
sheaths shorter than the internodes, ciliate; blades 
thin, lax, flat, 5 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, 
somewhat narrowed toward the base, gradually nar- 
rowed to the acuminate apex, glabrous; panicles 
finally exserted, 5 to 30 cm. long, about as wide, 
diffuse, small panicles often produced at the lower 
nodes, at least the ultimate branchlets scabrous, the 
branches mostly solitary, the branchlets bearing a. 
Se iriicaser..Fionatype few short-pediceled spikelets, mostly in twos, toward 

specimen. the ends; spikelets 1.8 to 2.1 mm. long, about 1 mm. 

wide, elliptic-obovate, subacute; first glume one- 

fourth the length of the spikelet or less; second glume and sterile lemma warty, 

elabrous, the glume shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.8 to 2 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, elliptic, acute. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet, mostly shady soil, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas; 
also in Indiana and Tennessee. 


Massacuusetts: Springfield, Andrews 23; Plymouth, Oakes. 

New York: Staten Island, Tyler 
in 1898. 

New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3546; 
Egg Harbor, Scribner in 1886, 
Vasey in 1884; Englishtown, 
Pearce in 1884. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Tinicum, Diffen- 
baugh in 1868, Smith 99. 

‘Inp1ana: Dune Park, Chase 918, 
fill 177 in 1898. 

DELAWARE: Ellendale, Commons 
Zo. Fig. 122.—Distribution of P. verrucosum. 

MARYLAND: Eastern Shore, Canby. 

District oF CoLtumBiA: Chase 5440, Dewey 408, Kearney in 1895; Steele in 
1896, Ward in 1878 and 1879. 

Vireinia: Parksley, Warburton in 1903; Munden, Mackenzie 1671; Portsmouth, 
Noyes 84; Virginia Beach, Britton in 1895, Hitchcock 164, Kearney 2053; 
Suffolk, Boettcher 471; Dismal Swamp, Chase 3660. 


128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


NortH Carouina: West Raleigh, Stanton 1271; Swain County, Beardslee & 
Kofoid in 1891; Wilmington, Ashe in 1897. 

SoutH Caro.ina: Santee Canal, Ravenel (Gray Herb.). 

GrorciA: Sumter County, Harper 638; Thomson, Bartlett 1103; Stone Moun- 
tain, Hitchcock 216; Augusta, Cuthbert in 1903; without locality, Latimer in 
1885. : 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 3608, 4036, 5252, 5808; Milton, Chase 4314; 
Orange County, Baker 31, Combs 1049, 1116, Meislahn 22a; Titusville, Chase 
3986; Eustis, Chase 4066, Nash 780; Gainesville, Chase 4202; Braidentown, 
Combs 1269, 1294; Bartow, Combs 1234; without locality, Rugel 598. 

TENNESSEE: Nashville, Gattinger in 1882. 

ALABAMA: Cullman County, Hggert 59; Auburn, Karle & Baker in 1897. 

Mississippi: Nicholson, Kearney 379; Waynesboro, Kearney 120; Biloxi, Kearney 
336 in part, Tracy 4562; Pass Christian, Langlois 35 in 1882. - 

Louisiana: Oberlin, Ball 204; Lake Charles, Chase 4424. 

Texas: Jefferson, Plank 30 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


72. Panicum brachyanthum Steud. 


Panicum brachyanthum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1? 67. 1854. The only specimen 
cited is, ‘‘ Vinzent Coll. nr. 124. Texas.’’ The type, in the Paris Herbarium, is labeled 
‘‘TIn sabulosis sylvaticis, Texas, prope coloniam Rusk County, Vincent coll. 124.” 

Panicum sparsiflorum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 36. 1889, not 
Doell, 1877. Vasey cites ‘‘(P. angustifolium, Chap. non £Iil.),” gives a description, 
and follows with the range ‘‘South Carolina to Texas.’’ As this is not primarily a 
change of name, the type is one of the specimens which Vasey had before him when 
_he wrote the description. From among those in the National Herbarium upon which 

Dr. Vasey has written the name, we have chosen as the type one collected in dry soil 
at San Bernardino, Texas, October, 1839, by Dr. Ridell, no. 20. This was first named 
by Dr. Vas2y, P. angustifolium Ell. The authority, ‘‘Ell.,’”’ was changed to ‘‘Chap. 
non Ell.’’ No specimens from South Carolina can be found named P. sparsiflorum 
by Vasey nor is the species known from that State. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants weakly ascending or spreading from a decumbent base, freely branching from 
the lower nodes; culms slender, 30 cm. 
to 1 meter high; sheaths shorter than the 
internodes, minutely ciliate; blades 5 to 
15 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, narrowed 
toward the base, often involute and 
scabrous toward the apex, the uppermost 
usually reduced; panicles finally ex- 
serted, 5 to 15 cm. long, about as wide, 
the branches few, scabrous, the lower 
sometimes as much as 10 cm. long, bear- 
ing a few short-pediceled spikelets, 
mostly in twos, toward the ends; spike- 
lets 3.2 to 3.6 mm. long, 1.5 mm: wide, 
elliptic-obovate, abruptly pointed; first 
elume minute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, the tubercles bearing stiff, 
spreading hairs; fruit 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, subacute. 


Fic. 123.—P. brachyanthum. From type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 129 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy soil, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma. 


Lovuistana: Oberlin, Ball 220; 
Lake Charles, Chase 4389; 
without locality, Hale (Hitch- 
cock Herb.). 

Texas: Jacksonville, Joor in 1884, 
Plank 22, 60; Grand Saline, 
Reverchon 2223; Paris, Heller 
4221; College Station, Nealley 
in 1882; Galveston, Joor 3648; 
Industry, Wurzlow 9; Mar- 
shall, Bush 979; Tyler, Rever- 
chon 2224; Harvester, Thurow ° - 
in 1898; without locality, Fig. 124.—Distribution of P. brachyanthum. 
Nealley in 1885. 

OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 738 (Gray Herb.). 


Trichoidia.—Annuals, decumbent at base and rooting at the lower nodes, rather 
freely branching; blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate; panicles short-exserted 
or included at base until maturity, very diffuse, the numerous branches, 
branchlets and long pedicels capillary; spikelets minute, not over 1.4 mm. 
long; fruit minutely papillose, the margin of the lemma flat. 


Blades more than one-fourth as wide as long; spikelets 


aN CT en erg ae ye 73. PB. trichordes. 
Blades less than one-eighth as wide as long; spikelets mi- 
BEEP IIMNALG-TUSOSE Ss: © <0 feo as ete hae hese ee 74, P. trichanthum. 


73. Panicum trichoides Swartz. 


Panicum trichoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788. ‘‘ Jamaica, Hispaniola.”’ 
Swartz cites Sloane’s plate 72, figure 3, but does not quote his diagnosis, hence the 
type @ is not the Sloane plant, which belongs to the same species, but the plant in the 
Swartz Herbarium labeled ‘‘trichoides fl. ind. oce.’’ from ‘‘Jamaica, Swartz.’’ 

Panicum capillacuum Lam. Tabl. Encycl.»1: 173. 1791. Lamarck gives for the 
locality ‘‘Amer. merid.’’ and cites Sloane’s plate 72, figure 3. The type, in the 
Lamarck Herbarium, was collected in Porto Rico by Le Dru. Persoon,® while quoting 
Lamarck’s diagnosis, gives the name as ‘‘ Capillaceum (filamentosum).’’ The second 
word does not seem to be meant either as a change of name or as a variety. What the 
author intended is not apparent. 

Panicum acutifolium Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 320. 1825. This is given asa 
synonym under P. capillare and is credited to ‘‘W. herb.’”’ The type, in the Willde- 
now Herbarium, was collected by Humboldt at Cumanacoa. 

Panicum capillaceum stricttus Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 249. 1877. ‘‘In Prov. 
Piauhyensi (Gardner n. 3509).’’ This specimen we have not seen. 

This species has usually been referred by authors of American floras to P. brevifolium 
L., which is from India, and is the same as P. ovalifolium Poir.as described by Hooker, ¢ 
and a very different species. 


@See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 140. 1908. 
bSyn. Pl. 1: 83. 1805. 
cFl. Brit. Ind. 7; 44, 1896. 


41616°—voLt 15—10——9 


130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants often widely spreading; culms ascending from a decumbent base, the ascend- 
ing portion 20 to 40 cm. high, rather slender, leafy, pubescent; sheaths short, but 
sometimes overlapping toward the summit and on the branches, ciliate and papillose- 
hirsute, at least toward the summit; ligules membranaceous-ciliate, scarcely 0.5 mm. 
long; blades spreading, thin, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, 
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat unsymmetrical, acuminate, 
cordate and somewhat clasping at the ciliate base, glabrous or 
sparsely hirsute on both surfaces; panicles oval or ovate in out- 
line, 5 to 20 cm. long, nearly as wide, the axis sparsely pilose, 
the numerous branches and branchlets and the long pedicels 
Fic. 125.—P. trichoides. Capillary; spikelets 1.2 to 1.3 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, 

From type specimen. obovate-elliptic, sparsely hirsute; first glume about half the 

length of the spikelet, acute, 1-nerved; second glume shorter 
than the sterile lemma, both 3-nerved, and at maturity sometimes ruptured by the 
expanding fruit, often only the lower part of each remaining; fruit at maturity 1.3 
mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely papillose while immature, becoming 
smooth but not polished. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods and open ground, often a weed in cultivated soil, Mexico and the West 
Indies, south to Ecuador and Brazil. 


Mexico: Imala, Palmer 1758 in 1891; Manzanillo, Palmer 1083 in 1890; Acapulco, 
Palmer 287 in 1895; Guadalajara, Pringle 3828; Guatulco, Liebmann 317; 
Zacualpan, Purpus 2902; Cordoba, Finck in 1893; La Correa, Langlassé 380; 
Coahuayutla, Hmrick 53; Tabasco, Rovirosa 434; San Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 
598; Yucatan, Gaumer 522; Tres Marias Islands, Nelson 4257. 

GUATEMALA: Santo Thomas, Deam 6041; Dept. Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux 4299; 
El Palmar, Kellerman 6263; Alta Vera Paz, Tuerckheim 7801. 

Honpuras: Wilson 188 (Field Mus. Herb.). 

SatvapDor: San Salvador, Velasco in 1906. 

Costa Rica: Nicoya, Cooper 10379; Matina, Pittier 9754; Buenos Aires, Pvttrer 
3651, Tonduz 4865; San José, Tonduz 3123; without locality, Putter 4458, 
16081. 

Cusa: Habana, Curtiss 714. 

Jamaica: Port Antonio, Fredholm 3282. 

Porto Rico: Mayaguez, Cowell 522, 583, Sintenis 160; Ponce, Heller 6094; 
Luquillo Mountains, Wilson 283; Martin Pefia, Heller & Heller 387; Cayey, 
Heller & Heller 531; Mount Morales, Britton & Cowell 444; Rio Piedras, 
Barrett 61; Santurce, Heller & Heller 157. 

LEEWARD Istanps: St. Christopher, Britton & Cowell 295; Dominica, Kggers 
in 1881; Guadeloupe, Duss 2681. 

WINDWARD IsLaNps: Martinique, Duss 1321, Hahn 1047; Granada, Broadway in 
1905, Eggers 5987. 

CotomstiA: State of Magdelena, Pittter 1621; Cali, Pittter 971; Santa Marta, 
Smith 167. 

VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 2499. 

TRINIDAD: ‘‘Ex herb. W. Mitten,”’ collector not given. 

British Guiana: Demerara, Jenman 4403. 

Braziu: Para, Spruce 466 (Panicum 13); without locality, Burchell 8706. 

Ecuapor: Balao, Lggers 14481; El Recreo, Eggers 15417. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 131 
74. Panicum trichanthum Nees. 


? Milium microspermum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1816. ‘‘Habitat in Nova His- 
pania» Seminacommunicavit perill. D. Sessé.’”’ We have not seen the type specimen 
and the short description applies equally well to P. trichoides. Fournier gives this 
as equivalent to P. trichanthum Nees. 

Panicum trichanthum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 210. 1829. ‘‘ Habitat in Brasilia aequa- 
toriali (Siber.—Vidi in Herb. Reg. Berol.) In regno Mexicano (ab Humboldt, Haenke.) 
(Vide in Herb. Willd. et Haenk.)’’ Nees’s first citation, however, following the diag- 
nosis and preceding his discussion of this and P. trichoides is as follows: ‘‘ Panicum 
trichofiJdes, Humb.et K. * * * (fide Herb. Willd.)’’ While Nees’s description 
distinguishes carefully between this species and P. trichoides, there is some confusion 
as to the specimens mentioned, since some are referable to P. trichanthum and some 
to P. trichoides. Thespecimen in the Willdenow Herbarium marked “‘ P. trichanthum” 
in Nees’s writing, which appears to be the specimen referred to as that of ‘‘Humb. 
et K.,’’ is accepted as the type. 

Panicum guayaquilense Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 85. 1854. ‘‘ Jameson Hrbr. nr. 
560, Guayaquil.’’ The type, in the Steudel Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘Savannis Guaya- 
quilensibus.”’ 

Panicum microspermum Fourn.; Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 492. 1885. 
“Panicum trichoides [Swartz, misapplied by] Ch. et Schl. in Linnea, VI. p. 33” 
and ‘‘ Panicum trichanthum Nees Agrostol. Bras. p. 210,’’ are cited as synonyms, no 
description being given. Schlechtendal and Chamisso® give without description 
P. trichoides Swartz as the name of Schiede & Deppe’s no. 894, the specimen of which, 
in the Berlin Herbarium, is referable to P. trichanthum. Panicum microspermum as 
used by Hemsley, then, must be considered as based on P. trichanthum Nees. Four- 
nier@ later describes the species under the name P. microspermum Fourn., citing as 
synonyms the names given by Hemsley and also ‘‘ Miliwm microspermum Lag.,’’ which, 
since Fournier takes up Lagasca’s specific name, would be the basis of Fournier’s 
_ name as published by himself. While the identity of M. microspermum is doubtful 
all the specimens cited by Fournier are referable to P. trichanthum. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants often in large bunches; culms ascending from a decumbent base, as much as 
1 to 2 meters long, rather stout, glabrous; sheaths shorter than the internodes, ciliate, 
and usually with a villous ring at the juncture with the blade, 
otherwise glabrous or rarely pubescent toward the summit; 
ligules membranaceous, less than 0.5 mm. long; blades oblong- 
lanceolate, usually 10 to 15 cm. long, 10 to 15 or rarely 25 mm. 
wide, cordate, rather strongly nerved, glabrous or puberulent, 
often pilose above the ligule; panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, the 
axis glabrous, the numerous branches and branchlets and the 
ee long pedicels capillary, flexuous ; Spikelets 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long, 
Pripcin do. teas. 0.6 mm. wide, obovate-fusiform, acute; first glume less than one- 
fifth the length of the spikelet; second glume shorter than the 
sterile lemma, both 3-nerved and under a lens minutely bullate-rugose, often ruptured 
and breaking off as the fruit matures, as in P. trichoides; fruit 1.2 mm. long, 0.6 mm. 
wide. 


Fic. 126.—P. trichan- 


@Mex. Pl. 2: 22. 1886. 6 Linnaea 6: 33. 1831. 


132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. : 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Thickets, river banks and rocky slopes, Mexico, the West Indies, and south to 
Paraguay. @ 
Mexico: Colima, Palmer 1257 in 1891; Colipa, Liebmann 432; Jicaltepec, Lieb- 
mann 320; Vera Cruz, Miller 2172 in part; San Luis Potosi to Tampico, Pal- 
mer 1151 in 1879. 

GuaTEMALA: Alta Vera Paz, Lewton 377, Tuerckhevm 7798; Gualan, Deam 424; 
Morales, Kellerman 6272. ; 

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5587 in part. 

Costa Rica: Talamanca, Tonduz 8600, 8670. 

Panama: Bocas del Toro, Hart 87. 

Cusa: Trinidad, Wright 753; Romelie, Eggers 5350; Vento, Curtiss 598, Leén 557. 

Jamaica: Purdie (Gray (ale. yi 

Porto Rico: Cayey, Sintenis 2471. 

CotomsiA: Santa Marta, Smith 2151. 

VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1643. 

Braziu: Without locality, Burchell 7062, 8791, Riedel 1360. 

ParaGuay: Morong 317, 1571. 


Urvilleana.—Perennials with large, densely villous spikelets, the fertile lemma 
clothed with long hairs on the margin. A South American group of two or 
three species, of which one extends into the desert region of the southwestern 
United States. 


75. Panicum urvilleanum Kunth. 


Panicum megastachyum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 305. 1830, not Nees 1826. ‘‘ Hab. in 
montanis Peruviae huanoccensibus.’’ The type specimen, labeled ‘‘ Panicum mega- 
stachyum Presl. Peruana montano guanoccensis. Haenke,’’ is in the herbarium of the 
Bohemian Museum. 

Panicum urvilleanum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 403. pl. 115. 1830. Kunth gives no 
definite locality other than ‘‘Crescit in regno Chilensi.’’ The name is listed with the 
citation ‘‘Chili: Legit amiciss. Dumont D’Urville,’”’ but without description, in an 
earlier part of the same work.¢ The type specimen, in the Berlin Herbarium, is 
labeled ‘‘Conception de Chili, D’Urville ded 1815.”’ 

Panicum presler Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 121. 1833. Based on ‘“‘P. megastachyum 
Presl,’’ the name is presumably changed because of P. megastachyum Nees. Presl’s 
description is copied, Kunth evidently not having seen the plant. 

Panicum urvilleanum longiglumisie] Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 47: 
(ed. 2). 49.1901. ‘‘San Jacinto, Southern Calif. No. 887. 8. B. & W. F. Parish, 
June, 1882.’ The type specimen, in the National Herbarium, has spikelets about 7 


mm. long. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants robust, erect from a creeping rootstock, 0.5 to 1 meter high, culms solitary or 
few in a tuft, simple or branching at the base only, the nodes densely bearded, rarely 
visible; sheaths overlapping, loose, densely, retrorsely, harshly villous; ligules densely 
ciliate, about 2 mm. long; blades 30 to 60 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, tapering from a 
flat base to a long involute-setaceous point, retrorsely strigose to nearly glabrous on 
both surfaces; panicles short-exserted, equaled or exceeded by the upper blades, 25 
to 30 cm. long, about half as wide, rather many-flowered, the glabrous to pilose, slender, 
flexuous branches ascending, producing spikelet-bearing branchlets along the upper 
half to two-thirds of their length; spikelets short-pediceled, 6 to 7 mm. long, about 2 


a Op. cit. 1:35. 1829. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 133 


mm. wide, and as much as 4 mm. thick, ovate, densely silvery to tawny villous, 
strongly nerved but the nerves obscured by the pubescence; first glume clasping, two- 
thirds to nearly asx long as the spikelet, sparsely villous or glabrescent toward the 


| 


\ / 
i) 
) 
4! 
L/4Yf tn 


Fig. 127.—P. urvilleanum. From type specimen. 


acuminate apex; second glume slightly longer and more pointed than the sterile 
lemma, both exceeding the fruit, the lemma inclosing a villous palea of equal length 
and a staminate flower; fruit 4.2 to 4.5 mm. long, about 1.6 mm. wide, the margins of 
the lemma clothed with long white hairs, otherwise smooth and shining. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy deserts, Arizona and southern California south to Argentina. 

Arizona: Without locality, Lemmon in 1884. 

CALIFORNIA: San Jacinto, S. B. & 

_. W.F. Parish 887 in 1882; Agua 
Caliente, S.B. & W. F. Parish 
887 in 1881; Barstow, Chase 
5766, Tracy 434; Hesperia, 
Abrams 2164; Colorado Desert, 
Chase 5519, Parry & Lemmon 
400 (Hitchcock Herb.), Wilder 
1082. 

ARGENTINA: Rio Negro, Wilkes S. 
Pac. Expl. Exped: in 1838- 
1842. 

CHILE: Gillies (Gray Herb.). Fig. 128.—Distribution of P. urvilleanum. 


UNGROUPED SPECIES OF TRUE PANICUM. 


The following tropical species do not fall into any of the foregoing natural groups 
nor, with the exception of Panicum rudget and P. rotundum, which are allied 
species, do they form such groups among themselves. The Mexican and Central 
American species are as yet not so well understood as those of the United States, 
and further study is necessary before our knowledge of the species of the former 
regions shall be as detailed as that of the species occurring north of the Mexican 
boundary. This study awaits additional material and extended field work in Mexico 
and Central America. 


134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
76. Panicum costaricense Hack. 


Panicum costaricense Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 428. 1901. ‘“‘Costarica: 
Inter Buenos Aires et Térraba (Pittier 3636); in silva prope Térraba (3673), in vir- 
gultis ad Rio Ceibo (4860).”” The first specimen cited, which is taken as the type, is 
in the Brussels Herbarium, and was examined by Hackel, but is not in his own herba- 
rium. The two other specimens are in Hackel’s herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants apparently annual; culms slender, erect, 0.5 to 1 meter high, sparingly 
branched, striate, glabrous or minutely pubescent; sheaths much shorter than the 
elongated internodes, papillose-pilose to glabrate, ciliate at 
least toward the summit; ligules membranaceous, ciliate, 
about 0.5 mm. long; blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide, narrowed toward the base, long-acuminate, very sparsely 
pilose on both surfaces or glabrate; panicles ovoid in outline, 
10 to 15 cm. long, about two-thirds as wide, loosely flowered, 
the slender, flexuous branches ascending or spreading, bear- 
ing delicate branchlets throughout, the scattered spikelets 
on capillary, flexuous pedicels; spikelets 2.4 mm. long, 0.7 
Fra. 129.—P. costaricense, ™m- wide, elliptic, acute, rather strongly nerved; first glume 

From type specimen. nearly half the length of the spikelet, acute, hirsute toward 

the margin; second glume and sterile lemmasub qual, pointed 
beyond the fruit, hirsute toward the margin and with very minute papille bordering 
the nerves; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic, smooth and shining, the 
margins of the lemma near the base each bowed out into a little angle, giving a 
‘somewhat auricled appearance. 

The somewhat auricled base of the fruit in this species suggests an approach to 
species of Ichnanthus. 


DISTRIBUTION. 
Forests, Costa Rica. 
Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Prttier 3661, Tonduz 4860; Cordoncillal, Pittier 3640; 
Boruca, Pittier 4626; Térraba, Tonduz 3673. 


Panicum expansum Fourn.,@ the type specimen of which, Liebmann’s no. 426 from 
Huitamalco, Mexico, in the Copenhagen Herbarium, was examined at Halle, is appar- 
ently closely related to P. costaricense. The fruit has the same auricled or angled base, 
but the spikelets are slightly larger and glabrous, and the blades are glabrous. Lieb- 
mann’s no. 427 in the same herbarium is the only other specimen of this species we 
have seen. For the satisfactory placing of this species more material is needed. 


77. Panicum parvifolium Lam. 


Panicum parvifolhkum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173.1791. The only specimen men- 
tioned is ‘‘Ex Amer. merid. Communic. D. Richard.’’ The type, in the Lamarck 
Herbarium, labeled, ‘‘ill. gen. ex D. Richard,’’ is a single slender culm. 

Panicum brasiliense Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 321. 1825. ‘‘Brasil. (P.ascendens W. 
herb.)’? In the Willdenow Herbarium is a specimen of P. parvifolium labeled, 
‘‘Panicum adscendens. Brasil. Hoffmansegg,’’ which is evidently the specimen 
referred to by Sprengel, and is the type of P. brasiliense. 

Panicum ascendens Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 321. 1825. This is given asa 
synonym of P. brasiliense of which it is a typonym. 

Panicum adscendens Hoffmge.; Ind. Kew. 2: 410. 1894. This is listed with the 


OoD°*?) 
reference ‘‘ex Schult. Mant. 2: 592,’’ but this is evidently an error, since the Mantissa 


a Mex. Pl. 2: 26. 1886. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 135 


volume 2 contains but 522 pages in all the copies we have seen. The type is undoubt- 
edly the Hoffmansegg specimen mentioned above. 

Panicum oplismgnoides Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 381. 1903, not Hack. 1888. 
‘“Collected on the edge of a ditch at Vega Baja, May 9, 1899, by Heller, no. 1316.” 
The type is in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, cespitose, decumbent or creeping, rooting at the lower nodes, 
glaucous and glabrous throughout, except as noted; culms slender, branching, 20 to 
80 cm. long, leafy, with numerous short internodes, the nodes sometimes sparsely 
pilose; sheaths rarely over 1 cm. long, ciliate, and some- 
times, especially on young shoots, sparsely pilose; ligules 
nearly obsolete; blades 1 to 3 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, 
oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, spreading 
or reflexed, or the upper and often those of young shoots 
appressed, sometimes sparsely, pilose at the base; panicles 
Fic. 130.—P. parvifolium. Short-exserted, 2 to 4 cm., rarely 6 cm. long, about as wide, 

From type specimen. loosely flowered, the slender, flexuous branches spreading, 

the branchlets and pedicels divergent; spikelets about 1.5 
mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, turgid, blunt, glabrous; first glume slightly more than half 
the length of the spikelet, subacute, 3-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma sub- 
equal, 5-nerved, the sterile palea nearly as long as its lemma; fruit 1.4 mm. long, 
0.8 mm. wide, ovate, smooth and shining. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Damp shady places, Costa Rica and the West Indies, south to Brazil and Paraguay. 


Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pittier 10594, Tonduz 3631. 

Cusa: Los Almacigos, Wright 3458; Herradura, Baker 2078, Hitchcock 181, Tracy 
9060, 9079. 

Porto Rico: Sintenis 5719, 1216 (Krug & Urban Herb.); Vega Baja, Heller & 
Heller 1316. 

TRINIDAD: Broadway 2372. 

British Guiana: Schomburgk 407. 

Dutcu GutAna: Surinam, no collector given (Gray Herb.). 

FrRENcH GuIANA: No data (Gray Herb.). 

Braziu: Falls of St. Gabriel, Spruce 2207; Santarem, Spruce 632; Sao Paulo, Ldf- 
gren 1124; Campinas, Novaes 1245; without locality, Riedel 958. 

ParaGcuay: Morong 519. 


78. Panicum millegrana Poir. 


Panicum hirsutum Lam..Encycl. 4: 741.1798, not Swartz, 1797. ‘‘Cette plante 
croit 4 Cayenne, d’ou elle a été envoyée par le citoyen Leblond.’’ The type, in the 
Paris Herbarium, labeled ‘‘Cayenne, Le Blond,”’ has glabrous spikelets. 

Panicum millegrana Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 278.1816. ‘‘Cette plante 
croit dans l’Amérique méridionale (V. s. in herb. Desfont).’? This specimen was not 
found in the Desfontaine Herbarium at Florence. In the Paris Herbarium is a 
specimen from ‘‘Cayenne, Martin,’ labeled ‘‘Panicum millegrana Poir.,’’ which 
appears to be authentic and may be the type. Poiret’s description applies well to 
_this plant and to the species known as P. rugulosum Trin. The spikelets are glabrous 
as in the type of that species. 

Panicum rugulosum Trin. Gram. Pan. 195. 1826. ‘‘Brasil (LANasporFF.)’’ The 
type, in the Trinius Herbarium, has glabrous spikelets. 


136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum sellowi Nees, Agrost. Bras. 153. 1829. ‘‘ Habitat in Brasilia meridionalt. 
(Sellow).’’ .The type, in the Berlin Herbarium, has spikelets densely papillose- 
pubescent with short, stiff hairs. 

Panicum beyrichti Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 231. pl. 27. 1830. ‘‘Crescit in nemoribus 
prope novum Triburgum Brasilie.’’ Kunth states that he received the plant under 
the name P. sellowi Nees from Beyrich who collected it. The type, in the Berlin 
Herbarium, has glabrous spikelets as in the type of P. millegrana. 

Panicum lasianthum Trin. Gram. Icon. 3: pl. 245.1830. Trinius states that the figure 
s ‘‘ad specimen Brasilianum.’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, collected in 
Brazil by Langsdorff, has papillose-hispid spikelets. 

Panicum puberulum Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 277. 1834, 
not Kunth, 1829. Trinius states that his specimen is from Brazil. The type, in the 
Trinius Herbarium, collected in Brazil by Sello, has papillose-hispid spikelets as in 
the type of P. sellowt. 

Panicum dispersum Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 282. 1834. 
Trinius gives the locality as ‘‘Bahiens.’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, col- 
lected in Bahia, Brazil, by Riedel in 1831, is a prostrate or decumbent plant with 
glabrous spikelets. 

Panicum expansum Trin.; Sterd. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 256. 1841. This is a nomen 
nudum credited to “Trin. mpt. Mexico.”’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, 
labeled ‘‘Mexico, Hacienda Laguna, Schiede,’’ has glabrous spikelets. This is 
not the P. expansum of Fourn:cr@ who cites Trinius’s name as a synonym under 
P. rugulosum. 

Panicum pilosum leiogonum Rupr. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 97: 239. 1842. This 
name is listed without description. The only specimen mentioned is Galeotti 5728 
from Xalapa, Mexico. The type is in the Brussels Herbarium. This name is given 
by Fournier? as a synonym under P. rugulosuwm, but Galeotti’s no. 5728 he cites¢ 
also under P. pilosum genuinum. 

Panicum selloww longevaginatum Rupr. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 97: 239. 1842. 
Under this name, which is listed without description, Ruprecht cites two speci- 
mens, Galeotti 5726 and 5699. The first has glabrous, the second hispid spikelets. 
This name is given by Hemsley¢@ and Fournieré as a synonym under P. rugulosum. 

Panicum valenzuelanum Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 304. 1850. ‘‘@rescit in 
locis montosis partis occidentalis insulae Cubae Vuelta de abajo dictae * * * (Don 
José Maria Valenzuela).’’ The type, in the Richard Herbarium, labeled “Vuelta de 
Abajo (Valenzuelana),’’ has papillose-hispid spikelets. 

Panicum probandum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 76. 1854. Based on ‘“P. puberulum 
Trin. non Kunth.”’ 

Panicum rugulosum hirtiglume Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. The only speci- 
men cited is Wright 3455. The type, in the Grisebach Herbarium, has hispidulous 
spikelets. 

Panicum rugulosum glabrescens Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 259. 1877. As no 
specimen is mentioned, P. beyrichti Kunth, the first byponyas cited, is taken as deter- 
mining the type. 

Panicum rugulosum pubescens Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 259. 1877. No speci- 
men is mentioned. The type of the first synonym cited, P. rugulosum Trin., has 
glabrous spikelets, while Doell describes his variety as having puberulent glumes, 
hence the type of the second synonym cited, P. selloww Nees, which has biped 

spikelets, is taken as the type. 


a Mex. Pl. 2: 26. 1886. d Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 495. 1885. 
Ope et. 21: é Mex. Pl. 2: 21. 1886. 
cOp. cit. 24. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 137 


Panicum rugulosum subvelutinum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 259. 1877. ‘A cl. 
Wullschlaegel (n. 1612) in Surinamiae districtu Paraénsi lecta.”’ We have not seen 
this specimen but the description, ‘‘foliorum lamina utrinque subvelutina,”’ would 
indicate the form with velvety blades. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, spreading; culms sparingly branching, 0.5 to 1 meter high, 
ascending from a decumbent base, softly pubescent to glabrous; sheaths ciliate and 
with a dense ring of pubescence at the summit, otherwise papillose-pilose to glabrous; 
ligules membranaceous, scarcely 0.3 mm. long; blades ascending or spreading, thin, 
ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 15 cm. long, 10 to 30 mm. wide, somewhat unsymmetrical at 
the rounded or slightly cordate, sometimes ciliate, 
base, softly pubescent, or sometimes velvety, on 
both surfaces to glabrate except near the margin 
and at the base; panicles short-exserted, finally 
loose and rather few-flowered, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
about two-thirds as wide when expanded, the 
rather few, slender, branches stiffly ascending or 
spreading, bearing toward the ends short, ap- 
pressed branchlets with 1 to 3 rather short-pedi- 
celed spikelets; spikelets 2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1 to 
1.2mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, turgid, at maturity 
olivaceous or brown, glabrous or more commonly papillose-hispidulous; first glume 
about two-thirds as long as the spikelet, acute; second glume slightly shorter than 
the sterile lemma, exposing the summit of the fruit at maturity, both 5-nerved, in 
elabrous spikelets the nerves bordered by interrupted rows of minute papille; fruit 
1.9 to 2.1 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, elliptic, obscurely pointed, papillose-rough- 
ened, becoming dark brown at maturity. 

This species as here defined is very variable. The examination of a greater num- 
ber of specimens and field study may show P. sellowv to be distinct from P. millegrana. 
From the material at hand they can not be satisfactorily separated, for while most of 
the specimens have either glabrous or papillose-hispidulous spikelets a few have 
both sorts in the same panicle, and the pubescence of the sheaths and blades can not 
be correlated with that of the spikelets. 

The following specimens have glabrous spikelets: Fendler 1641, Heyde & Luz 
3927, Holway 3083, Liebmann Pl. Mex. 275, Léfgren 1228, Regnell III 1359**, Riedel, 
Rusby 233, Smith 2146, Widgren in 1844. 

In Spruce 603 and Tuerckheim 657 most of the spikelets are glabrous but some in the 
same panicle are hispidulous, while in Wright 3455 the greater number of the spikelets 
are hispidulous but glabrous ones are found in the same panicle. 


Fig. 131.—P. millegrana. From type 
specimen of P. rugulosum, Trin. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Damp woods, Mexico and Cuba, south to Brazil. 


Mexico: Mirador, Liebmann 275; Jalapa, Holway 3083; State of Chiapas, 
Heyde & Lux 3927. 

GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Tuerckheim 657, 8783, 8784. 

Costa Rica: El General, Pittier 10615. 

Cuspa: Habana, Wright 3462 in part; La Catalina, Wright 3455; Pinar del Rio, 
Wright 3855; Herradura, Hitchcock 180, Tracy 9098. 

CoLoMBiA: Santa Marta, Smith 2146. 

VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1641. 

Braziu: Campinas, Novaes 1249; Sao Paulo, Lofgren 1228; Rio Janeiro, Widgren 
in 1844; Prov. Minas Geraes, Regnell III 1359**; Santarem, Spruce 603; 
Madeira, Rusby 233; without locality, Burchell 4146, 4315-2, 4653, Riedel. 

Paraauay: Laguna Ipacarary, Fiebrig 561 (Field Mus. Herb.). 


138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
79. Panicum glutinosum Swartz. 


Panicum glutinosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 24. 1788. ‘‘ Jamaica.” The 
type is in the Swartz Herbarium. 

Panicum obtusiflorum Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 305. 1850. ‘‘Crescit ad 
marginem rivuli Cauta in provincia Santiago de Cuba. (Linden,n.2143.)” The type, 
in the Richard Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘St. Yago de Cuba. Linden 2143.” 

Panicum lindenw Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. Based on ‘‘P. obtusiflorum 
Rich. Cub. non Hochst. [1851]; Lind[en]. 2143.” 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, somewhat glaucous; culms erect from a geniculate or decumbent 
base, often rooting at the lower nodes, 1 to 2 meters high, robust, compressed, glabrous; 
sheaths oiten longer than the internodes, somewhat keeled, especially the lower, 
elabrous or sometimes pilose, densely bearded 
at the juncture with the blade; ligules obso- 
lete; blades elongated-lanceolate, acuminate, 
15 to 50 cm. long, 15 to 25 mm. wide (the up- 
permost reduced), abruptly or gradually nar- 
rowed at the base, more or less ciliate along 
the lower portion, glabrous or sometimes very 
sparsely pilose; panicles rhomboid in outline, 
15 to 30 cm. long, about as wide, the lower 
branches verticillate, nearly as long as the 
main axis, stiffly ascending, the axis and 

Fig. 132.—P. glutinosum. From type branches glabrous, sometimes viscid, bearded 

; specimen. in the axils, bearing slender, flexuous, sca- 

brous branchlets, with rather long-pediceled 
spikelets, mostly along the upper half; spikelets 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, turgid, 
obovoid, obtuse, olivaceous to brown, the faintly nerved, very viscid glumes whitish 
on the margin; first and second glumes about equal, slightly shorter than the fruit, 
the sterile lemma thinner in texture, mostly entirely concealed beneath the first 
glume, sterile palea wanting; fruit 2.6 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.5 mm. wide, obovoid- 
elliptic, olive-brown, densely minutely puberulent at the summit, otherwise smooth 
and shining, the margins of the lemma toward the summit scarcely inrolled. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Mountain woods, Mexico and the West Indies, south to Paraguay and Bolivia. 


Mexico: Zacualpan, Purpus 2156, 2903; Mirador, Iiebmann 428; San Cristobal, 
Bourgeau 3192; Orizaba, Botteri; State of Chiapas, Nelson 3357. 

Costa Rica: Cafias Gordas, Pittier 11017; Diquis Valley, Pitter 12002. 

Cupa: Loma Pelada, Wright 757. 

JamArIcA: Gordon Town, Hart 792; Troy, Mazon 2816. 

Porto Rico: Mayaguez, Sintenis 357; Sierra de Yabucos, Sintenis 2609. 

Brazit: Prov. Minas Geraes, Widgren in 1845, Regnell III 1370; Sao Paulo, 
Lofgren 2291, Lofgren & Edwall 2383; Campinas, Novaes 1247. 

ParaGuay: Central Paraguay, Morong 405 A. 

Bottvia: Mapiri, Rusby 244. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 139 


80. Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult. 


Panicum scoparam Rudge, Pl. Guian. 1:21. pl. 29. 1805, not Lam. 1798. No par- 
ticular locality in Guiana is mentioned by Rudge. In the Berlin Herbarium is a 
specimen from Rudge which is authentic though it probably is not the type. The 
original description and the plate leave no doubt as to the identity of the species. , 

Panicum rudget Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 444. 1817. Based on ‘‘Pan. 
scoparium Rudge.” 

Panicum rudget brasiliense Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 48. 1823. ‘‘Species rarissima 
observata tantum in viciniis fluminis Inhu- 
mirim.’’ We have not seen the type of this, 
but the description applies to the type of P. 
rudget. 

Panicum dasytrichum Spreng. Syst. Veg. 
1: 317. 1825. ‘‘Brasil.” The type, in the 
Sprengel Herbarium, was collected by Hoff- 
mansegg. 

Panicum hirsutum Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 
Veg. 1: 317. 1825, not Swartz, 1797. This 
is given as a synonym under P. dasytrichum 
and is credited to ‘‘W. herb.” The type, 
in the Willdenow Herbarium, was collected 


Hoff “ a Fig. 133.—P. rudgei. From Salzmann’s 
by Hoffmansegg in Brazil. specimen of P. rigens. 


Panicum rhigiophyllum Steud. Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 76.1854. ‘‘P.rigens. Salzm.UHrbr. Bahia.” This specimen was not found 
in the Steudel Herbarium, but a Salzmann specimen bearing this name was examined 
at Halle. 


@ The following species, though not North American, may here be described on 
account of its relationship to Panicum rudgev: 


° 


Panicum rotundum sp. nov. 


Plants perennial, in small tufts; culms 30 to 50 cm. high, rather stout, stiff, erect or 
somewhat geniculate at base, densely ascending-hirsute, the nodes densely bearded; 
sheaths, except the upper, mostly shorter than the internodes, hirsute like the culms; 
ligules membranaceous, ciliate, the hairs mingling with those of the blade; blades thick, 
erect or appressed, linear, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, more or less involute, at 
least toward the long-acuminate apex, only as wide as the sheath at base, the juncture 

obscure, densely hirsute on the upper surface, 
harshly velvety beneath; panicles terminal and in 
the axils of the upper 1 to3 leaves, forming an oblong 
inflorescence as in P. rudgei, about one-third the 
height of the plant, the main axis pilose, the slender, 
angled, scabrous, stiff but flexuous branchlets as- 
cending or spreading, pilose in the axils, the long 
pedicels divergent; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long, 1 
to 1.2 mm. wide, very turgid, abruptly pointed, 
strongly nerved, a few stiff, appressed hairs here 
and there between the nerves;. first glume over half 
the length of the spikelet, abruptly pointed; sec- 
ond glume and sterile lemma subequal, exceeding the fruit, the lemma subtending 
a palea and staminate flower; fruit 1.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ellipsoid, smooth and 
shining, a broad scar at the base. 


Fig. 134.—P. rotundum. From 
type specimen. 


140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum rigens Salzm.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 76. 1854, not Swartz, 1788. 
This is given as a synonym under P. rhigiophyllum Steud. Salzmann specimens from 
Bahia, bearing this name have been examined in the herbaria at Munich and Halle 
and in the United States National Herbarium. 

Panicum cayennense divaricatum Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 220. 1877. Based on 
“Panicum scopartum Rudge * * * non Lam. * * * nec Mochaus 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, yellow-green or tawny; culms robust, 30 to 100 cm. high, erect or 
somewhat geniculate at base, often zigzag, especially above, densely and harshly 
villous; sheaths nearly equaling the internodes or overlapping, densely papillose- 
villous or hirsute; ligules membranaceous, ciliate, about 1 mm. long, the hairs of the 
ligule blending with the hairs of the upper suriace of the blade: blades thick, linear, 
15 to 40 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, rather rigidly ascending, flat or folded, slightly 
narrowed toward the base, gradually long-acuminate, densely short-hirsute on both 
surfaces or glabrate; panicles terminal and in the axils of the approximate upper 2 to 
6 leaves, forming an oblong inflorescence one-third the height of the plant, or more, 
each more or less included at base in the subtending sheath; branches pilose in the 
axils, branching freely from the base, the branches and branchlets angled, scabrous, 
the lower branchlets stiffly ascending, the upper and the long pedicels divaricate, 
somewhat flexuous; spikelets about 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, turgid, somewhat 
attenuate at base, strongly nerved, sparsely hirsute, the stiff hairs irregularly dis- 
tributed; first glume about two-thirds the length of the spikelets, acuminate; second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, exceeding the fruit, abruptly pointed, the latter 
subtending a palea and staminate flower; fruit 2.1 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
smooth and shining, a cartilaginous flap-like appendage at the base. 

All the cited specimens from Costa Rica have pubescent blades, while several of 
those from South America have glabrate blades, e. g., Rusby & Squires 362, Spruce 93. 
These specimens with glabrate. blades, though apparently less common than those 
with pubescent blades, are the typical form described by Meyer. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Savannas, Costa Rica to Brazil. 


Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pittier 10576, Tonduz 3679, 4875; Los Palmares, Fit- 
tier 10588; Helechales del General, Prttver 12064. 

VENEZUELA: Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 362. 

BritTisH GUIANA: Jenman 5978. 

Durcu Guiana: Surinam, Hosimann 642. 

Braziu: Para, Spruce 93; Bahia, Salzmann; Organ Mountains, Wilkes Expl. 
Exped. 9; without locality, Gardner 1178. 


Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 824039, collected in 1845, in the Province of 
Minas Geraes, Brazil, by Widgren, ‘‘Ex herb. Brasil. Regnellian. Musei bot. Stock- 
holm,” and distributed as ‘‘ Panicum cayennense Lam.” 

This species is related to P. rudget with which and P. cayennense it has been confused. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Brazil. The data on the labels of the specimens examined do not include habitat. 


Braziut: Prov. Minas Geraes, Henschen & Regnall 111 1367, Widgren in 1845; with- 
out locality, Burchell A 101-2 (Gray Herb.), Riedel. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 141 


81. Panicum megiston Schult. 


Panicum altissimum Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 63. 1818, not DC. 1817.¢ ‘‘In sylvis 
humidis plantationis Hof van Holland,’’ Essequebo or British Guiana. Wehaveseena 
portion of the type in the Trinius Herbarium. The type is in the Géttingen 
Herbarium. 

Panicum megiston Schult. Mant. 2: 248. 1824. Based on P. altissimum Meyer. 

Panicum tuberculatum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 307. 1830. The locality given by 
Presl is, ‘‘ Hab. in Luzonia.’”’ The type, in the herbarium of the German University 
at Prague, is labeled ‘‘Luzonia,’’ but it probably came from Mexico. 

Panicum elatior[us] Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 38.1829. Based on P. altissimum Meyer. 

Panicum equisetum Nees; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 206. 1877. This is given 
as a synonym under P. megiston Schult., and is credited to ‘‘ Nees ab Esenbeck in herb. 
Reg. Berolinensis schedula.’’ The type, in the Berlin Herbarium, was collected by 
Sello in Bahia, Brazil. 


x 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial; culms tall and robust, glabrous; sheaths papillose-hispid or 
papillose only; ligules fimbriate, about 1.5 mm. long; blades firm, ascending, 15 to 
40 cm. or more long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, linear-lanceolate, slightly narrowed to the 
rounded base, glabrous; panicles finally exserted, 40 to 60 cm. long, the stiff main 
axis striate-angled, smooth or scabrous, the branches in distant verticils, often as many 
as 20 to 30 in a verticil, 10 to 20 cm. long, slender, 
stiffly or sinuously ascending, very scabrous, nearly 
simple, bearing the scattered, short-pediceled spike- 
lets along the upper half or third; spikelets usually 
purplish at maturity, about 3.4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. 
wide, globular-obovoid, glabrous; first glume scarcely 
one-third the length of the spikelet, pointed; second 
glume slightly shorter than the sterile lemma, both 
abruptly apiculate, 7 to 9-nerved, the glume about 
equaling the fruit, the sterile palea rather firm, about 
as long as the fruit; fruit 2.8 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, 
abruptly pointed, smooth and shining. 

MG 125-"P. megiston. rom type Meyer states that the culms ascend to a height of 20 
specimen of P.altissimum Meyer. or 30 feet and that they are much branched. Our 
specimens are all, with the exception of Wright 3872, 

the simple upper part of the culm only. Eggers, on the label accompanying his 
no. 14345, gives the height as 6 to 8 feet. The Wright specimen, except for the 
underground portion, isentire. This is simple and measures but 1.2 meters in height. 

This species somewhat resembles P. oaxacense and P. procerrimum of the genus 
Lasiacis, but the fruit has not the form and texture characteristic of that genus. 


' DISTRIBUTION. 


In moist woods, Mexico and Cuba to Paraguay. 
Mexico: San Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 532. 
Cusa: St. Cruz de los Pinos, Wright 3872. 
VENEZUELA: Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 355. 
Braziu: Without locality, Riedel 1239, Gardner 1179. 
ParaGauay: Morong 813, 1072. 
Ecuapor: Balao, Eggers 14345. 


_  @Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 457. 1817. The diagnosis is here referred to 

De Candolle ‘‘ Hornem. Hort. Hafn.1.p. 84.’’ The latter work we have not seen, nor 
that cited by the Index Kewensis, ‘‘Elench. Hort. Monsp. 42. 1805,”’ for P. ‘‘altissi- 
mum Brouss., * * * nomen.’’ In any case the name P. altissimum is preoc- 
cupied. 


142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Subgenus DICHANTHELIUM subgen. nov. 


Perennial, from a crown, rarely from short, matted rootstocks, surrounded by a more 
or less well-marked rosette of usually short winter leaves, in spring producing simple 
culms with mostly narrowly lanceolate blades and terminal panicles with numerous 
spikelets, these rarely perfecting seed; the early culms branching at some or all of 
the nodes (in a few species from the base only) after the maturity of the primary pani- 
cles or sometimes before; the branches often repeatedly branching, the short branchlets 
more or less fascicled and bearing usually*much reduced leaves; the terminal one or 
two joints of the primary culms often finally falling, the whole producing an autumnal 
form usually strikingly different from the vernal form; the secondary panicles re- 
duced, the latest more or less included in the sheaths, cleistogamous and perfecting 
their grains. 

The type species is P. dichotomum L. 

In this group there is an intermediate stage of branching, in which the plants do 
not show the characteristic vernal nor autumnal habit. Vernal culms are sometimes 
produced on plants during the branched condition, because of renewal of activity, 
due to increased moisture, excess of nutriment, injury, or other causes. 


> 


SYNOPSIS OF GROUPS. 


Blades elongated, not over 5 mm. wide, 20 times as long as 
wide; autumnal form branching from the base only (from 
the lower nodes im P/ werner)... 2-2-2205 .2--2: . DEPAUPERATA (p. 151). 
Blades not elongated, (or if so, more than 5 mm. “idle sail 
autumnal form not pemenine from base). 
. Plants branching from the base, finally forming rosettes or 
cushions, foliage soft and lax; blades prominently ciliate 


ONCOME MIE | HOLL OMUME ea nics ete ee er Pu Ace a LAXIFLORA (p. 158). 
Plants branching from the culm nodes or rarely remaining 
simple. 


Blades long, stiff; autumnal form Dosiybrenenes above. 
Spikelets eed attenuate at base; mostly pustulose- 
pubescent; blades soungeiomocely striate, tapering 


TOTO ASE tO! BOX. 1 i oo hele a at eae ete ee ANGUSTIFOLIA (p. 165). 
Spikelets scarcely turgid, not attenuate at base; blades 
taperime to bothremdsa2 2 2s. eee ase sores BICKNELLIANA (p. 176). 


Blades not long and stiff (somewhat so in P. oligo- 
santhes, P. malacon, P. commonsianum, and P. 
equtlaterale); not bushy-branched. 
Plants not forming a distinct winter rosette; spikelets 
attenuate at pase, papillosex 2.) tien see eee ae PEDICELLATA (p. 292). 
Plants forming a distinct winter rosette, spikelets not 
attenuate at base. 
Spikelets turgid, blunt, strongly nerved (not gona 
turgid in P. oligosanthes); blades rarely as much 
as 1.5 cm. wide (sometimes 2 cm. in P. rav- 
enellii and P. xanthophysum). 
Sheaths, or some of them, papillose-hispid (some- 
times all glabrous in P. hellert); spikelets 3 to 4 
mm. long (2.7 to3 mm. in P. wilcorianum)...-OLIGOSANTHIA (p. 278). 
Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent; spikelets 
1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, unsymmetrically pyri- 
forms -Culms (Wikvicts- oo So ter -|-eee enter LANCEARIA (p. 271). 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 148 


Spikelets not turgid, blunt, nor strongly nerved (see, 
however, P. roanokense and P. caerulescens.) 
Ligule 6f conspicuous hairs, usually 3 to 5 mm. 


long. 
Sheaths glabrous or only the lowermost some- 
Wubi DeSEEMUL | 525.5 A eee ete ee SPRETA (p. 200). 
sbeaths stronely pubescent... .-.22..022225-24- LANUGINOSA (p. 208). 


Ligule obsolete or nearly so (manifest in P. vis- 
cidellum, P. oricola, P. tsugetorum and P. cur- 
tifolium.) 
Spikelets spherical at maturity; blades glabrous, 
firm, cordate; plants sparingly branching...SPHAPROCARPA (p.250). 
Spikelets usually obovate or elliptic. 

Blades of mid-culm elongated, less than 1.5 cm. 
wide; culms usually tall; spikelets pointed, 
abruptly so in the velvety P. scoparium 
BEEN SCIOCLUbNUN A an JP SS A Te SCOPARIA (p. 294). 

Blades of mid-culm not elongated (somewhat so 
in P. equilaterale). 

Blades cordate, 1 to 3 cm. wide (5 to 12 mm. 
in P. ashei); spikelets pubescent. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; sheaths 
glabrous or minutely puberulent...-. ComMutaAta (p. 300). 
Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long (sometimes but 
2.7 mm. long in the hispid-sheathed 
EP CUUIRO CET TUNE a dts Sen Bt oats ult S20 LATIFOLIA p. (312). 
Blades not cordate, less than 1 cm. wide. 
Sheaths crisp or appressed - pubescent; 
blades firm; spikelets pubescent. .--- COLUMBIANA (p. 240). 
Sheaths glabrous (sparsely pilose in P. 
curtifolum and the lower, velvety 
in P. mattamuskeetense). 
Vernal culms delicate (sometimes scarcely 
so in P. albomarginatum and P. 
tenue); spikelets 1.5 mm. or less 
long (1.6 to 1.7 mm. in P. tenue)..-ENSIFOLIA (p. 258). 
Vernal culms slender but not delicate, 
rarely less than 40 cm. high; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.9 mm. long (1.5 mm. in 
P. microcarpon and P. caerulescens). 
Lower internodes shortened, upper 
elongated, producing a nearly 
“naked culm, leafy at base; spike- 
lets narrowly ovate, 2.7 to 2.9 
110106 Bg) (3 12 Ae eg Pe heey ee, Oc ge aah NUDICAULIA (p. 179). 
Lower internodes not shortened; 
vernal culms about’ evenly 
leafy throughout, spikelets el- 
liptic or obovate, not over 2.5 
112.111 i (5) £2 am Seapine ye We, ON A DicHotoma (p. 179). 


x 


144 


KEY TO SPECIES. 


Spikelets glabrous. 
Spikelets 3 mm. or more long, strongly nerved. 
Spikelets pointed, blades elongated..................... 
Spikelets blunt, blades not elongated. 
Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long; blades firm; sheaths, or 
some of them, hispid 
Spikelets not over 3 mm. long; blades rather thin; 
sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid...............- 
Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 
Second glume and sterile lemma exceeding the fruit and 
pointed beyond it; spikelets 2.2 to 2.9 mm. long. 


were eee ne me ces eee eee ee tee ewe ew 


Blades clustered toward the base..¢...........1.....- 101. 


Blades not clustered toward the base. 
Sheaths, at least the secondary, hispid 
Sheaths glabrous. 

Blades firme: sirnut avo anna lonee ee slee ss eee 

Blades thin; fruit nearly 2mm. long:.....--..._.- 

Second glume and sterile lemma not pointed beyond the 
fruit. 

Ligule manifest, 1 to 3 mm. long. 

Culms rather stout; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; sheaths 
cA FH Gs 0) shee eee MMR a Ge ccaiah ey BN Aca Mute A! 


Ligule obsolete. 
Spikelets 1.5 mm. or less long. 
Nodes: bearded Wea serene Le Seyi DA ak kan eke ee 
Nodes not bearded: 
Culms: and blades! pilose. Nye ei ee 
Culms glabrous. 
Blades conspicuously ciliate; plants branching 
ab sDase OMliy, 00 mkes os NA \iles MURG Me aiunaeters 
Blades not ciliate; plants branching from mid- 
dle or upper nodes. 

Vernal culm 50 cm. or more high; spikelets 
turgid, strongly nerved; autumnal form 
erect, with fascicled branches shorter 
than the primary internodes.......---- 

Vernal culms usually much less than 50cm. 
high; autumnal form spreading or re- 
clining. 

Spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades 
rarely as much as 5 cm. long......... 

Spikelets 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long. 
Blades elongated, at least some of them 8 
tol lOsemae) Tomb hee es ee ae eee 
Blades notioversicemmlongs 2 22-2 ose 

Spikelets 2 mm. or more long. 
Blades elongated, some of them 20 times as long as 
wide; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long. 

Blades erect; branches, when present, from the 
lower nodes only 


anoles 


85. 
Blades spreading; branches from upper nodes... 99. 


ae 


Rp teins Cheers 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


. depauperatum. 


. scribnerianum. 


. hellert. 


. nudicaule. 


. scabriusculum. - 


. cryptanthum. 


. yadkinense. 


. spretum. 


. curtifolium. 


. macrocar pon. 


. strigosum. 


. polycaulon. 


. caerulescens. 


chamaelonche. 
glabrifolium. 


. ensifolium. 


wernerr. 
. bicknellir. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 145 


Blades not elongated, about 10 times as long as wide. 
Culms soon prostrate, vine-like; branches divari- 


cafe. 
Plants bright green; culms lax; spikelets not 
over 2.1 mm. long.. d 114. P. lucidum. 
Plants grayish green; Eine sure Pies 2. 5 
HOM ROTAO fs Ss 3 hai neta eke er Dk ais ae 115. P. sphagnicola. 


Culms not vine-like; branches not divaricate. 
Spikelets 2.3 to 2.6 mm. long. 
Blades, or some of them, at least 8 mm. wide; 


fruit papillose-roughened. - jenn een lb6. Pe webberianun,. 
Blades not over 6 mm. wide; fen saan 
Pn ANC MSU EOWE O12 dey ele ae, oe ey ade, SI 167. P. patentifolium. 


Spikelets 2 mm. long. 
Culms wiry, crisp-puberulent; blades ciliate 
Bi paees teen oe db Se pee arte ys Me 164. P. lancearium. 
Culms glabrous; blades not ciliate. 
Blades erect, firm; spikelets turgid, 
strongly nerved; plants grayish olive. 112. P. roanokense. 
Blades spreading; spikelets not turgid. 
Nodes glabrous; autumnal form erect, 
branched like a little treeé..-....--- 109. P. dichotomum. 
Nodes, at least the lowest, usually 
bearded; autumnal form topheavy- 
FEC Pare a Coes tees tS yo DIO. Pe barbulatum. 
Spikelets pubescent. 
Spikelets 3 mm. or more long. 
Blades elongated, those of the mid-culm at least 15 timesas 
long as wide. 
Secondary panicles from basal sheaths only. 
Spikelets pointed, about 3.5 mm. long.............. 82. P. depauperatum. 
puieleis-bhint, 3mm: orless lone. . =. -4sssn2os.5.. 83. P. perlongum. 
Secondary panicles from upper branches. 
Spikelets attenuate at base, pustulose-pubescent; 
lowermost sheaths softly villous..-............. 95. P. fusiforme. 
Spikelets not attenuate at base, not pustulose; lower- 
most sheaths glabrous or hispid. 
Upper leaves approximate; sheaths glabrous...... 187. 
Upper leaves distant; at least lower sheaths hispid. 180. 
Blades not elongated, usually less than 10 times as long as 
wide. 
Blades velvety-pubescent beneath. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long; plants velvety-villous through- 
OR Se pe eas ea erh  eheh a ag DIS 169. P. malcophyllum. 
Spikelets 4 mm. or more long. 
Sheaths ascending-hirsute; ligule 3 to4 mm. long.. 173. P. ravenelii. 
Sheaths downy-pubescent; ligule obsolete......... 19la. P. bosciw molle. 
Blades not velvety-pubescent beneath. 
Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent only. 
Nodes bearded; spikelets 4 mm. or more long...... 191. P. boscit. 
Nodes not bearded; spikelets not over 3.8 mm. long. 
Spikelets 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; blades 2 cm. or 
TROES WW OS on acl heap nn OR 190. P. latifolium. 


41616°—voL 15—10——10 


P. equilaterale. 
P. aculeatum. 


146 


Spikelets scarcely more than 3 mm. long. 
Spikelets turgid, blunt; blades mostly less 


than) em, wade wesc) seer i era ea 170. 


Spikelets not turgid; blades more than 1 cm. 
wide. 
Panicle natrow, branches ascending; spike- 


lets on long stiff pedicels.............- 100. 


Panicle as broad as long, branches spreading. 
Plants glaucous; basal blades conspicu- 


ously culate i oe. he Pee eee 185. 


Plants not glaucous; basal blades not cili- 
ate, orat the base only. 

Culms erect, or autumnal form leaning; 

blades symmetrical, broadly cor- 


Culms decumbent; blades usually un- 
symmetrical and falcate; narrowed 


to the scarcely cordate base........ 186. 


Sheaths pubescent. 
Pubescence ascending or appressed. 
Spikelets 3 to 3.2 mm. long; first glume conspicu- 


OUSLY FEMOte 52 Syste he ee ee eee 142. 


Spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long; first glume not 


Pubescence spreading, sometimes sparse. 
Plants robust, about 1 meter high; blades usually 


2icin Or MOLenwide +32 6e ya ae eee 189. 


Plants rarely more than 50 cm. high; blades 
rarely over 1.5 cm. wide. if 
Panicles about as wide as long; blades ascend- 
ing or spreading. 
Spikelets attenuate at base, 3.5 to 4 mm. 


Spikelets not attenuate at base, not over 3.3 
mm. long. 

Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long, blades firm; 

sheaths, or some of them, more or less 


Spikelets not over 3 mm. long; blades 
rather thin; sheaths, or some of them, 


glabrous or sparsely hispid......-.---- 170. 


Panicles narrow, branches erect (sometimes 
ascending in P. wilcoxianum), or spreading 
at anthesis only; blades erect. 

Spikelets not over 3 mm. long; blades not 


Over Gimmnwwad Ge Oni 2 3 tare ape eeer anne ee 168. 
Spikelets 3.7 to 4 mm. long; blades 8 to 20 
mm. wide. 
Blades papillose-hispid.............------ 174. 
Blades glabrous on both surfaces.....-..-- 175. 


Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 
Blades elongated, not over 5 mm. wide; secondary pani- 
cles at the base only or wanting. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


P. hellert. 


P. calliphyllum. 


P. mutabile. 


. P. commutatum. 


P. joori. 


P. malacon. 


. P. oligosanthes. 


P. clandestinum. 


See PEDICELLATA 
(p. 292). 


. P. scribnerianum. 


P., helleri. 


P. wilcoxianum. 


P. leibergit. 
P. xanthophysum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Culms single or few in a tuft; spikelets turgid, 2.7 to 3 


mm. long... ae Ne 
Culms in large tufts; orks oie ques d oan over 2. 7 
mm. long. 
SUeeGEe PILOSER, yaya jar ania dat ou cin Le eee RA reat 84. 
Sere DES OPIROUSE Siac. aie a's 3 ots 9a ee oe eee age 85. 


Blades usually not elongated; secondary panicles not at 
the base. 

Spikelets attenuate at base, mostly prominently pustu- 
lose; blades narrow, stiff, strongly nerved, tapering 
from base to apex. 

Nodes bearded; plants grayish-villous; 
blades flat. 
Speceletic am MONS 2.2 isa ee ees oes oe 


autumnal 


Spikelets 2:5) to12.8:mm. lone. sf.) 32: ee bose ss 
Nodes not bearded; plants villous only at the base, or 
nearly glabrous. 
Autumnal blades flat; lower panicle branches 
Boreadine on detlexedises. 5544 stot eden ee ne 
Autumnal blades involute; lower panicle branches 
more or less ascending. 
Plants glabrous or nearly so; autumnal culms 
erect. 
Spikelets subsecund along the suberect panicle 


EEN GME Eel tee arnt See a MOR oe a 98. 


Spikelets not subsecund; panicle loose and 


Plants pubescent, at least on the lower half. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. long; vernal blades 7 


to 12cm. long, autumnal blades not falcate. 96. 


Spikelets not over 2 mm. long; vernal blades 
4 to 6 cm. long, autumnal blades falcate. . 
Spikelets not attenuate at base. 
Sheaths retrorsely pilose; blades soft and lax. 
Panicle branches ascending, forming a compact 


panicle; spikelets 1.6 mm. long.... 2287/2. 
Panicle branches loosely spreading. 
Blades ciliate and more or less pilose on the sur- 
face; spikelets 2 mm. long.. Sie 


Blades glabrous or nearly so on ae ce aaa 


margin; spikelets 2.2 mm. long......-.--... 86. 
Sheaths not retrorsely pilose. 
Ligule manifest, mostly 2 to 5 mm. long. 
Sheaths, or all but the lowest glabrous; spike- 
lets not over 1.6 mm. long. 
° Panicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide 
Bs TOMS ee aoe cra ow eke een wl ie Ue Sete 116 
Panicle open, nearly as wide as long. 
Spikelets: I> min. lone. tes. sco ate, Soe. ee LLy: 
Spikelets 10 mm, lone. 22. kse ee 2 382 o8 S 119. 


Sheaths pubescent. 


1: 


vie 
J 


. werneri. 


147 


. 83. P. perlongum. 


linearvfolium. 


. chrysopsidifo- 


lium. 


. consanguineum. 


. angustifolium. 


. neuranthum,. 


. ovinum. 


. arenicoloides. 


. aciculare. 


. xalapense stric- 


tirameum. 


. xalapense. 


. laxiflorum. 


. Spretum. 


. lindheimerr. 
. longiligulatum. 


148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Spikelets abruptly pointed; blades cordate; 


Mexican? 2 222 20 Sw inci Cerise eerie Ne 179. 


Spikelets not pointed at maturity; blades not 
cordate. 
Ligule 1 mm. long; sheaths sparsely pilose; 


spikelets: 14 mm lone 2 aes eee tae 159. 


Ligule usually more than 1 mm. long. 
Ligule 1 to 1.5 mm. long; culms and 
sheaths appressed-pubescent; spike- 
lets 1.5 to 1.9 mm. long. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long; plants 


loluishrereemts .s in. 2 uy: hee 146. 


Spikelets 1.5mm. long, nearly globular; 


plamts/olivaceouss.\5 25544" ge oer 148. 


Ligule 2 to 5 mm. long. 
Spikelets 1 to 1.8 mm. long; culms and 
sheaths softly appressed-pubescent. 


Spikelets.2 to d-3 mm. loncssa ae 118. 
Spikelets not over 1 mm. long...--..-. 120. 


Spikelets mostly more than 1.5 mm. 


P. viseidellum. 


Pe curtifo lum. 


P. tsugetorum. 


P. oricola. 


P. leucothrix. 
P. wrightianum. 


long, if less, pubescence spreading. See LANUGINOSA 


Ligule obsolete or less than 1 mm. long. 
Nodes bearded (P. scoparium may appear to be 
bearded). 
Spikelets nearly 3 mm. long; plants velvety- 


villousihmoueWouieee ya. 45) aoe ee 169. 


Spikelets rarely as much as 2.5 mm. long; 
plants not pubescent throughout. 


Spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long............. dO 


Spikelets 2 mm. or more long. 
Blades all velvety; autumnal form spar- 


ime lyn bramehed.s hoa Gps aes oem 105. 


Blades glabrous, or only the lower pubes- 
cent or velvety. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long; autumnal form 
profusely branching. 
Fruits slightly exposed at maturity; 


upper sheaths viscid-spotted. -....103. 


Fruits covered at maturity; sheaths 


not viscid-spotted; Mexican. ...-104. 


Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more long; autum- 
nal form less profusely branching. 


Sheaths and upper nodes glabrous. - . . 107. 


Lower sheaths and all nodes pubes- 


COTTE sa Se Stags ica pee ce 106. 


Nodes not bearded. 
Plants densely gray-velvety throughout, a 


viscid, glabrous ring below the nodes..... 178. 


Plants not gray-velvety. 
Sheaths or some of them pilose or hispid. 
Pubescence papillose-hispid. 
Spikelets ovate, pointed, 2.3 to 2.6 mm. 


(p. 208). 


P. malacophyllum. 
P. microcarpon. 


P. annulum. 


P. nitidum. 


P. multirameum. 


P. clutet. 


P.  mattamuskee- 
tense. 


P. scoparvum. 


. P. scabriusculum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 149 


Spikelets obovate, obtuse, nearly 3 mm. 


long. 
s Blades about 2:cm. wide: 2.2212-52:- 189. P. clandestinum. 
Blades not over 6 mm. wide.....-..- 168. P. wilcoxianum. 


Pubescence ascending-pilose. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 
Winter blades elongated, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; plants bluish green; spike- 
lets 2 mm, lonpeete ase Face 3 145. P. wilmingtonense. 
Winter blades 1 to 3 cm. long; plants - 
olivaceous. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. long; pan- 
icle open, branches stiffly 
Spreadiney ee sete ioe Bee 143. P.commonsianum. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.1mm. long; panicle 
rather dense, branches ascend- 
TTI) 2 Pape Ui Chee Sette, eae a RIS STs 144. P. addisonii. 
Spikelets not over 1.7 mm. long. 
Blades white-margined; spikelets 1.6 
toll mur lone, elliptic .472 5-526 152. P. tenue. 
Blades not white-margined; spikelets 
3) to 4 mm; long, nearly 
al) Ou eee NS ee ee le 147a.P. columbianum 
thintum. 


x 


Sheaths glabrous or puberulent only. 
Spikelets spherical, not over 1.8 mm. long; 
blades cordate, ciliate at base........ See SPHAEROCARPA 
(p. 250). 
Spikelets not spherical. 
Culms soon prostrate, vine-like; branches 
divaricate. 
Plants bright green; culms lax; spike- 
lets not over 2.1 mm. long.......- 114. P. lucidum. 
Plants grayish ereen; culms stiff; 
spikelets 2.5 mm. long.......... 115. P. sphagnicola. 
Culms not vine-like; branches not divari- 
cate. 
Spikelets unsymmetrically pyriform, 
strongly nerved; culms wiry..... See LANCEARIA (p. 271). 
Spikelets not pyriform. . 
Blades elongated, especially the 
upper, about 20 times as long as 
wide; spikelets about 2.5 mm. 
long, on long pedicels..........- 99. P. bicknellit. 
Blades not elongated. (See con- 


tinuation.) 
(Continuation. ) 


Spikelets 2 mm. or more long. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; blades cordate, usually 1 
cm. or more wide. 
Plants glaucous; basal blades conspicuously ciliate.. 185. P. mutabile. 
Plants not glaucous; basal blades ciliate at base only. 
Blades nearly linear, that is, with parallel mar- 
gins; first glume about half as long as the 
ppikelet; Mexteai! 5 2oc yo se 188. P.albomaculatum. 


150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Blades lanceolate; first glume not more than one- 
third as long as the spikelet. 

Culms crisp-puberulent; blades rarely over 

1 cm. wide; spikelets about 2.5 mm. 


TONG: os oS Ee eee eae 183. 


Culms glabrous or obscurely puberulent; 
blades usually 1.5 cm. or more wide; 


spikelets 2.7 to 3 mm. long.......... 184. 


Spikelets not over 2.3 mm. long; blades not cordate, usu- 
ally less than 1 cm. wide. 
Blades conspicuously ciliate, soft and lax, crowded 


at, thie pases fal OCA fa” Ny Va) Snir ae an 88. 


Blades not ciliate or so only at base, not crowded 
at the base of the culm. 

Blades not over 6 mm. wide; plants not branch- 

ing or rarely branching from near the 


ABE ahs re NI er eee gl ie ne 85. 


Blades 7 mm. or more wide; plants branching 
from middle and upper nodes. 
Primary blades spreading; panicle purplish; 


fruit exposed at summit 2.2 52ofee 107. 


Primary blades erect; panicle green; fruit 


COVERE Me oUt Nex Ne fx ot ch eee 108. 


Spikelets not over 1.7 mm. long. 


Culms crisp-puberulent; spikelets turgid.............-- 147. 


Culms glabrous. 
Blades white-margined, firm. 


Blades puberulent beneath, often above.......- 152. 


Blades glabrous. 
Uppermost blades much reduced; culms 
branching from lower nodes only, the 


branches repeatedly branching.... .- - 153. 


Uppermost blades about as long as the others; 
culms bearing short branches from 


middle and upper nodes..--...-.---- 154. 


Blades not white-margined or very obscurely so (or 
if white margin is evident, spikelets only 1.1 

mm. long). 
Culms branching only at base; ae soft, light 


green - ae is See Pape ec Mes rs toys 


Culms amine at the aadien, 
Spikelets 1.1 mm. long; winter blades bluish 


ereen not Clossys cee ee ee ee 156. 


Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long. 
Blades involute, falcate, with long stiff 
hairs on margin near base; plants 


SGML AING AWAY 4) ene eps eee 162. 


Blades not involute or at tip only, not 
falcate. 
Plants bright green; winter blades 


conspicuous, glossy green. . .155. 


Plants olive; winter blades not con- 


spicuous nor glossy....-..-- 157. 


P. ashei. 


P. commutatum. 


P. aliatum. 


P. wernert. 


P. clutet. 
P. boreale. 


P. columbianum. 


P. tenue. 
P. albomargina- 


tum. 


P. trifolium. 


P. vernale. 


P. concinnius. 


P. breve. 


P. flavovirens. 


P. ensifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 151 


Depauperata.—Culms simple, mostly 10 to 40 cm. high; ligules less than 1 mm. long; 
blades much elongated, 5 to 35 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, narrowed at the 
base, long-acuminate at apex, basal blades shorter, but not forming a distinct. 
rosette in the autumn; spikelets 2.2 to 3.8 mm. long, strongly 7 to 9-nerved. 
Autumnal form bearing simple’ branches from the basal or lower nodes, the 
reduced panicles more or less concealed in the foliage at the base of the plants. 


Spikelets about 3.5 mm. long, beaked.....-.....-..:..-:.-- 82. P. depauperatum. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long or less, (sometimes 3.2 mm. long in P. per- 
longum) not beaked. 
Culms single or few in a tuft; spikelets turgid, blunt, 2.7 
lore) Time tone prairie plamtsy. =. - seas 2 ico ye 83. P. perlongum. 
Culms in large tufts; spikelets not turgid, 2.2 to 2.7 mm. 
long; plants of dry woods. 
Sheaths pilose; spikelets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, pilose.. 84. P. linearifolium. 
Sheaths glabrous; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long; glab- : 
FOUs arsparmery pilose Les) 4 Ts ee 85. P. werner. 


82. Panicum depauperatum Muhl. 


Panicum strictum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 69. 1814, not R. Br. 1810. ‘‘On the 
banks of the Delaware, Pennsylvania.’’ The type, in Kew Herbarium, has pilose 
sheaths. 

Panicum depauperatum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 112.1817. ‘‘Habitat in glareosis, 
floret Maio, Junio, Penns. Carolina.” The type is in the Muhlenberg Herba- 
rium. Muhlenberg described the species as having glabrous or pubescent leaves, 
pilose sheaths, glabrous spikelets, and fertile floret a little shorter than the second 
glume and sterile lemma. This description applies to the plant that has generally 
been referred to P. depauperatum rather than to the one with smaller spikelets later dis- 
tinguished as P. linearifolium, although in Muhlenberg’s herbarium specimens of both 
species are included in the same cover. Furthermore, some specimens with large 
spikelets have pilose and others glabrous sheaths. Of these, a specimen with pilose 
sheaths and spikelets 3.5 mm. long has been chosen as the type and has been so indi- 
cated by attaching a note to the specimen. 

Panicum rectum Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 457.1817. Based on P. strictum 
Pursh, the original description of which is copied. 

Panicum involutum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 144. 1823. ‘‘Near Deerfield, 
Massachusetts. Cooley.’’ The type, in the Torrey Herbarium, is a small clump with 
culms 20 to 30 cm. high, sparsely pilose sheaths, involute blades with a few hairs on 
under surface, overmature primary panicles 4 to 5 cm. long, and spikelets 3.8 mm. long, 
the second glume and sterile lemma with a few hairs;- secondary panicles with nearly 
mature spikelets are present at base. The sheet bears two labels, one, ‘‘From Dr. 
Cooley, Mass.,’’ the other in Torrey’s handwriting bears the name ‘‘ Panicum involu- 
tum,*’’ [Torrey used an asterisk to indicate his own species] followed by a diagnosis. 

Panicum muhlenbergi Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 314. 1825. Sprengel states nothing 
as to the source of his specimen other than ‘‘Amer. bor. (P. acuminatum Muhl.).”’ 
Since this name immediately follows P. acuminatum Swartz it seems evident that 
Sprengel meant to name the species which Muhlenberg described@ as Panicum 
acuminatum Swartz. There is no specimen bearing this name in the Muhlenberg 
Herbarium. In the Sprengel Herbarium the specimen labeled ‘‘Panicum Muhlen- 
bergii,’’ and which must be taken as the type, is P. depawperatum Muhl. This is from 
‘*Pine barrens, N. Jers., from Dr. Torrey.’’ 

Panicum junceum Trin. Gram. Pan. 220. 1826. Trinius states that his specimen 
is from North America and called P. acwminatum by Sprengel. Such a specimen 


@ Descr. Gram. 125. 1817. 


152 ° CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


could not be found in the Trinius Herbarium. Since Sprengel cites ‘‘P. acuminatum 
Muhl.”’ under his P. muhlenbergivi his specimen or a part of it is doubtless the specimen 
referred to by Trinius. The description well applies to an involute-leaved plant of 
P. depauperatum. 

Panicum sprengelii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 39. 1829. Based on P. muhlenbergii 
Spreng., without explanation as to change of name. 

Panicum depauperatum involutum Wood, Class-book 786. 1861. Based on P. 
involutum Torr. 

? Panicum depauperatum laxa[um] Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 29. 
1889. ‘‘Virginia, Florida, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri.’’ Described as ‘‘weaker 
stemmed, panicle with longer and more spreading branches, * * * spikelets 
smaller.’’ No type is indicated and there is no specimen in the National Herbarium 
so marked by Doctor Vasey. The description would seem to apply to P. linearifo- 
lium, but the range given is south of that in which that species is common, and no 
specimens of it from any of the States mentioned, except one each from Missouri, 
Arkansas, and Texas which are labeled ‘‘ Panicum depauperatum Muhl.”’ in Vasey’s 
writing, were in the National Herbarium in the time of Doctor Vasey. Hitchcock’s 
no. 1854, Stone Mountain, Georgia, with spikelets 3.1 to 3.2 mm. long, and rather 
loose panicles may represent Vasey’s variety. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with culms several to many in a tuft, 20 to 40 cm. high, slender but rather 
stiff, erect or spreading at the summit, glabrous, puberulent or sometimes pilose; 
nodes ascending-pubescent; sheaths, except the lowest, shorter than the internodes, 
glabrous to papillose-pilose; blades linear, 6 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide (the lower 
shorter), often involute in drying, scabrous on both surfaces, sometimes pubescent 
beneath; panicles exserted, usually not much exceeding the leaves, 4 to 8 cm. long, 
rarely longer, few-flowered, the rather strict, remote branches narrowly ascending at 
maturity; spikelets 3.2 to 3.8 mm. long, rarely only 3 mm. oras much as 4 mm. long, 
1.5 to1.7 mm. wide, elliptical, pointed, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; first glume 
one-third to half the length of the spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile lemma 
equal, extending beyond the fruit, 
forming a beak, strongly 7 to 9-nerved; 
fruit 2.1 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.4 to1.5 mm. 
wide, oval, minutely umbonate at the 
apex. 

Autumnal form similar to the ver- 
nal, the reduced secondary panicles 
produced on branches from the basal 
or lower nodes, more or less concealed 
in the tuft of basal leaves. 

This species is variable as to pubes- 
cence and size of spikelets. The 

Fic. 136.—P, depauperatum. From type specimen. spikelets of the type specimen are 3.5 

. mm. long, those of the glabrous plants 
on the same sheet in the Muhlenberg Herbarium are 3.9 mm. long. Many New Eng-. 
land specimens and occasional specimens from elsewhere have spikelets only 3 mm. 
long. This form is represented by Chamberlain 298, Chase 3379, and Parlin 1957 trom 
Maine; Burgess in 1893 from Massachusetts; Pierron in 1876 from Pennsylvania, and 
Lansing 2743 from Indiana. The difference in length is often due to the inrolling of 
the summit of the second glume and sterile lemma, but the glumes show greater pro- 
portion of variation than usual in this genus. Asa rule the spikelets do not vary on 
the same plant, but Chase 2402, has spikelets 3 mm. long on the terminal panicle and 
3.5 to 4mm. long on the basal panicles. The fruit shows little variation in size. — 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 158 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Open sterile woods, Maine to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Texas. 


Marne: Canton, Parlin 1957; Chesterville, Chase 3283, 3316; Fayette, Chase 3379; 
Cumberland, Chamberlain 298. 

New Hampsuire: Sanbornton, Carter 100 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Vermont: Burlington, Flynn in 1902. 

MassacuHuseEtTts: Ipswich, Boott. 

Connecticut: Hartford, Wilson 1257; Montville, Graves in 1897; Southington, 
Andrews 58, Bissell 5533. 

RHODE Istanp: Gloucester, Collins in 1908. 

New Yorr: Bronx, Bicknell in 1896; Woodmere, Bicknell in 1905; Rockville 
Center, Bicknell in 1906; Monyoou! Bicknell in 1903; Long Island, Bicknell 
in 1905. 

Ontario: Sarnia, Macoun 26322; Toronto, Biltmore Herb. 797c. 

New Jersey: Atco, Painter 699; Eagle Rock, Mackenzie 1452. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller 4775; Easton, Porter in 1897; Penryn, 
Small in 1889; Broad Moun- 
tain, Pretz 1959. 

Inprana: Clark, Bebb 513; Miller, 
Chase 1540, Lansing 2743, Um- 
bach 1657. 

Ittrnors: Lansing, Chase 867; Ma- 
kanda, Gleason 1022. 

MicuicaNn: Port Huron, Dodge 78. 

Wisconsin: Clear Lake, Cheney 


1216. 
Minnesota: Hennepin County, 
Sandberg in 1890; Nicollet, Fig. 137.—Distribution of P. depauperatum. 


Ballard in 1892. 

Missouri: St. Louis, Eggert 233; Monteer, Bush 4654; Lees Summit, Bush 3936. 

Kansas: Lindsborg, Plank 18. 

DELAWARE: Mount Cuba, Commons 29. 

MaryLAnp: Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 2414; West Chevy Chase, Hitchcock 
341; Great Falls, Chase 2864, in Kneucker Come Exs. 548. 

Meier OF “oaetins Chase 2284, 2402, Hitchcock 340, House 947, Pollard 338, 
Ward in 1876. 

Virainia: Luray, Steele 229. 

Norts Carona: Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 797; Watauga County, Small & 
Heller 279; Chapel Hill, Chase 3053; Henderson County, Biltmore Herb. 797a. 

SoutH Carotina: Clemson College, House 2161. | 

GEoRGIA: Stone Mountain, Eggert 39, Hitchcock 1354, 1360; Augusta, Cuthbert 388. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 63; Ducktown, Chambliss 89. 

AtaBaMA: Auburn, Earle & Baker in 1897. 

’ Mississippi: Jackson, Hitchcock 1303. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 2350 (Gray Herb.). 

Lovistana: Shreveport, Hitchcock 1249. 

Texas: Denison, Bebb 2663. 


83. Panicum perlongum Nash. 


Panicum perlongum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 575.1899. ‘‘On prairies and dry 
soil, Illinois to North Dakota, south to Indian Territory. Type collected in Indian 
Territory at Creek Nation, by M. A. Carl[e]ton, April 25, 1891, No. 98.’”’ The type, 


154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


in Nash’s herbarium, consists of five clumps of several culms each, 7 to 40 cm. high, 
with mature primary and immature secondary panicles, and spikelets 3 to 3.2 mm. long. 

Panicum as Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 116. 1900. ‘Prairies of 
Towa, June.’’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, collected by R. I. Cratty, June 12, 
1881, has spikelets 3.1 to 3.2 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. depauperatum, more strict in habit, and in smaller 
_tufts, more constantly pilose and usually papillose, the blades on the average longer 
and narrower, sometimes 25 cm. long, 
pubescent on the lower surface; panicles 
smaller and narrower, the branches erect, 
hence appearing more densely flowered; 
spikelets 2.7 to 3.2 mm. long, 1.6 to 1.7 
mm. wide, oval, blunt, sparingly pilose; 
first glume one-fourth to one-third the 
length of the spikelet, acute or obtuse; 
second glume and sterile lemma equal, 
obtuse, not extended beyond the fruit, 
strongly 7 to 9-nerved; fruit 2.4 mm. 
long, 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, obovate- 
oval, rounded and minutely umbonate at the summit. 

Autumnal form with secondary panicles usually more numerous than in P. depau- 
peratum and sometimes produced from the second node. 


Fig. 138.—P. perlongum. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies and dry soil, Michigan and Manitoba to Texas. 


Inpiana: Elkhart County, Deam 6753.4 
Inurwors: Hanover, Gleason & Gates 2530; Naperville, Umbach 1670; Wady Petra, 
V. H. Chase 460, 1158, 1731, in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 547; Peoria, Brendel, 
McDonald 18. 

MicuHiGAN: Keweenaw County, 
Farwell 755. 

Wisconsin: Racine, Wadmond in 
1901. 

Minnesota: Lake City, Manning 
in 1883 (Gray Herb.). 

ManitTosa: Lake Winnipeg Valley, 
Bourgeau in 1837 (Gray Herb.). 

Souta Daxota: Custer, Rydberg 
1100; Clark, Griffiths 863. 

Towa: Ames, Ball 30, 145; Clinton, 
Vasey; lowa City, Somes 245. 

NesBraska: Ewing, Bates 1120. 

Missouri: Lees Summit, Bush 3089. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 2501, 2509. 

Texas: Llano County, Nealley 79; Wallisville, Wallis 38. 

OxtaHoma: Creek Nation, Carleton 98. 


FiG. 139.—Distribution of P. perlongum. 


a This specimen and those of P. xalapense, P. ashei, and P. commutatum from Indiana 
were received too late for representation in the maps. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 155 


84. Panicum linearifolium Scribn. 


Panicum linearifolium Scribn. in Britt. & Brown, Lust. Fl. 3: 500. f. 268a. June, 
1898. ‘‘Dry soil, eSpecially hillsides, New York and New Jersey to Missouri.’? This 
was again published @ as ‘‘n. sp.’’ a few days later. ‘‘New England, southward to Vir- 
ginia and westward to Texas.’’ Both descriptions state that the sheaths are glabrous 
or pilose, both illustrations indicate pilose sheaths. The type, in the National Her- 
barium, is marked ‘‘P. linearifolium Scribn. Type.’ in Scribner’s handwriting, and 
is labeled ‘‘ Washington, D. C., Vasey, 1882,’’ but was probably collected in Maryland, 
along the Potomac northwest of Washington, where this species is frequent in rocky 
woods. Thespecimen is a tuft of culms 30 to 40 cm. high, with pilose sheaths, mature 
primary panicles, and much reduced, nearly hidden secondary ones. The spikelets 
are 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long. | 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form light green, in dense tufts, often surrounded by the withered, persistent, 
more or less curled leaves of the previous year, the culms readily separating, 20 to 45 
cm. high, very slender, erect, spreading or almost drooping at the summit, glabrous, 
minutely puberulent or rarely pilose; sheaths usually equaling or exceeding the inter- 
nodes, sparsely to densely papillose-pilose, the papillee often obscure; blades elongated 
and erect, usually overtopping the panicles until maturity, 10 to 35 cm. long (the 
lower shorter), 2 to 4 mm. wide, scabrous on both surfaces or often pubescent on the 
lower, rarely on the upper surface, usually ciliate near the base with long hairs; pani- 
cles finally long-exserted, 5 to 10 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, rather few- 
flowered, the scabrous, flexuous branches re- 
mote, ascending; spikelets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, 
1.3 to 1.5 mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 
sparsely pilose with weak, spreading hairs; first 
glume one-fourth to one-third the length of the 
spikelet, obtuse, or pointed by the inrolling 
of the margins; second glume and sterile lem- 
ma equal and equaling the fruit at maturity; 
fruit 2 to 2.1 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, oval, 
obscurely umbonate at the summit. 

Autumnal form similar, the reduced sec- 
ondary panicles produced on short basal ° 
branches mostly concealed in the tuft of basal leaves. . 

While the typical form of this species is quite distinct from P. depauperatum, occa- 
sional specimens, such as the following, seem to be intermediate between the two: 
Burnham 24, Bush 1555, 4734; Hitchcock Pl. Kans. 880; Plank 40. In these the spike- 
lets are about 3 mm. long and sometimes obscurely short-pointed. 

The following specimens have the sheaths glabrous or nearly so and approach the 
closely allied P. werneri: Bissell 5541, Bush 4411A, Deam, Wells County, Indiana, in 
1901, Hitchcock 598, Pollard, Washington, D. C., in 1897, Rose & Painter 8153. 


Fig. 140.—P. linearifolium. From 
, type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry woods, Maine to Kansas, south to Georgia and Texas. 
Marne: Chesterville, Chase 3326; Fayette, Chase 3393; Canton, Parlin 1971. 
VERMONT: Barnet, Blanchard in 1888; Burlington, Hitchcock 598. 
MassacHusetts: Williamstown, Churchill in 1901. 
CoNnNECTICUT: Southington, Andrews 49, Bissell 5541, 5542; Fairfield, Kames in 
1895. 


4§cribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 42. pl. 1. July 20, 1898. 


156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


New York: Thousand Islands, Robinson & Maxon 20; Oxford, Coville in 1884; 
Washington County, Burnham 24; Hempstead, Bicknell in 1903; Jamaica, 
Bicknell in 1905. 

OnTaARIO: Galt, Herriot 34. 

New Jersey: Wildwood, Pollard in 1897; Morris County, Mackenzie 1339, 1398; 
Springdale, Pretz 1882. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Newtown, Smith 156; York County, Rose & Painter 8153. 

Ouro: Barnesville, Laughlin 6906. 

InpIANA: Wells County, Deam in 1901; Kosciusko County, Deam 3218. 

Intinots: Wheaton, Moffatt 255 in 1893; Makanda, Gleason in 1903; Cobden, 
Waite in 1885. 

MicHIGAN: Keweenaw County, Farwell 597; Agricultural College, Lake in 1888. 

Minnesota: Lake Kilpatrick, Bal- 
lard in 1893 (Univ. Minn. 
Herb.). 

Missouri: Monteer, Bush 731 in 
part, 742, 288la, 4734; Eagle 
Rock, Bush 153; Pleasant 
Grove, Bush 320; Carthage, 
Bush 1555; Swan, Bush 4533, 
4549; Chadwick, Bush 4411, 
4411A; Pilot Knob, Ward in 
1878. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 
2506, Pl. Kans. 880. 

MARYLAND: Cabin John, Chase 5411;. Plummers Island, Hitchcock 597; Great 
Falls, Chase 2303. 

District oF CotumBIA: Pollard in 1897, Vasey in 1882. 

West Vireinis: Harpers Ferry, Hitchcock in 1905. 

GeoreiA: Silver Creek, Biltmore Herb. 7079a (Biltmore Hetb.). 

Kentucky: Lexington, Short 8 (Gray Herb.). 

Misstssipp1: Without locality, Johnson in 1886. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 45, 55, 96, 100, 143, 157; northwest Arkansas, 
Harvey 7. 

Louistana: New Orleans, Ridell (Gray Herb.). 

Texas: Palestine, Plank 40; Jacksonville, Plank in 1894; without locality, 
Nealley in 1890, Wright (Gray Herb.). 

OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 1107 in 1895 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


Fig. 141.—Distribution of P. linearifolium. 


85. Panicum werneri Scribn. 


Panicum wernert Scribn. in Britt. & Brown, Illust. Fl. 3: 501. f. 2686. 1898. “Dry 
knolls in swamps, New York and Ohio.’”’ The type, in Hitchcock’s herbarium, is a 
specimen collected by William C. Werner, near Painesville, Ohio, 1889, no. 60. It 
consists of eight simple culms, mostly lacking the base, glabrous except for the sparsely 
bearded nodes, with over-mature panicles; spikelets almost glabrous, the sparse hairs 
obscure. 

Panicum delawarense Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 116. 1900. ‘‘Dry soil 
near Centreville, Del. Collected by A. Commons, July 6, 1878.’’ The type, in 
Ashe’s herbarium, consists of four solitary culms with long-exserted, over-mature 
panicles, and sparsely pubescent spikelets. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. lineartfolium, typical specimens differing as follows: 
Culms stiffer, nodes usually sparingly pilose, sheaths glabrous, often shorter than the 
internodes; blades firmer, shorter and wider, 15 cm. long or less, the lower culm blades 


| 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 157 


3.5 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, a few long hairs at the rounded base, scabrous on 
both surfaces, not pubescent; spikelets 2.1 to 2.4mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, nearly 
or quite glabrous. * 

Autumnal form similar to the vernal, remaining simple or late in the season bearing 
simple branches from the lower, rarely from the basal, nodes. 

The above-mentioned types are both of this form, but material examined shows a 
much less clear distinction from P. linearifolium, with which this species seems to 
intergrade. The division is here based on a com- 
bination of stiffer habit, glabrous sheaths, shorter, 
broader, and firmer blades, and less pubescent 
spikelets. In many specimens, however, having 
the other characters enumerated the blades are as 
long as in many specimens of P. linearifolium. The 
following represent these intergrading specimens: 
Biltmore Herb. 8342, Chase 3299, 3382, Jones, Bur- 
lington, Vermont, in 1892, Knight 55, 57, Parlin 
1190, Porter, Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1895, 1897, 
and 1898. 

In habit, especially as seen in the field, P. werneri often suggests P. depauperatum. 
The following specimens, with slightly pointed spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, approach 
that species: Briggs 1248, Graves 7, Eggleston 1757, H. W. Merrill 44. 


Fic. 142.—P. werneri. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sterile woods and knolls, Maine to Minnesota, south to Ohio and Texas. 


Marne: Penobscot County, Fernald 506, Knight 55, 57; Chesterville, Chase 3299; 
Fayette, Chase 3382; North Berwick, Parlin 1190, 1502, 1806; Hiram, H. W. 
Merrill 44, 47; Orono, Briggs 1248. 

New Hampsuire: Laconia, Carter 101, 242 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

VERMONT: Burlington, Jones in 1892; Eggleston 1757. 

Massacuusetts: Sheffield, Hoffmann in 1901. 

Connecticut: Ledyard, Graves 16; 
Volunteer, Graves 17; Frank- 
lin, Woodward in 1906; South- 
ington, Chamberlain & Bissell 
in 1903; Waterford, Graves 7. 

New York: Tripoli, Burnham in — 
1897; Ithaca, Ashe, Rowlee in 
1892; New York, Bicknell 
in 1895. 

OntTaARIO: Toronto, Biltmore Herb. 
8342; Kingston, Fowler in 1898; 
Kingston Mills, Klugh in 1907; 
Algonquin Park, Macoun 21957. 

New Jersey: Berkeley Heights, Mackenzie 2251. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895, 1897, and 1898. 

Outro: Painesville, Werner 60, 65 (both in Hitchcock Herb.). 

MicuicaNn: Flint, Clark (Field Mus. Herb.). 

Wisconsin: Rainbow Rapids, Cheney 1345. 

MINNESOTA: Chisago County, Sandberg in 1886. 

Missour!: Swan, Bush 2913, 2926. 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 358. 

Texas: Dallas, Reverchon in 1876 (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 143.—Distribution of P. werneri. 


158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Laxiflora.—Plants light green, vernal culms 10 to 40 cm. high, numerous in tufts; 
blades flat, soft, mostly ciliate, basal blades shorter, but not forming true 
rosettesin the autumn; ligules nearly obsolete; primary panicles long-exserted; 
spikelets 1.3 to 2.3 mm. long, obovate, obtuse, turgid, 5 to 7-nerved. 
Autumnal form freely branching near the base, forming close, flat, soft tufts, 
the reduced panicles often exceeded by the leaves. 

Sheaths retrorsely pilose; spikelets papillose-pilose. 

Panicle branches ascending, forming a rather compact 
panicle; spikelets 16 mam longs 22 S260 ems 87a. P. xalapense stric- 
| tirameum. 
Panicle branches loosely spreading. 
Blades ciliate and more or less pilose on the surface; 


spikelets 2} mim one M1205 he ee ee eee 87. P. xalapense. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so on the surface and mar- 
ein) spikelets 2:2 mm) jones oa) aaa 86. P. laxiflorum. . 
Sheaths not retrorsely pilose; spikelets pubescent or glabrous. 
Spikelets pubescent, about 2mm. long....-.........._.- 88. P. ciliatum. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Blades glabrous onthe suriace 2925 vas cee. eee 89. P. polycauion. 
Blades piloseiontthe suriace.: 44: 2. 85) aceon eee eee 90. P. strigosum. 


86. Panicum laxiflorum Lam. 


Panicum laxiflorum Lam. Encycl. 4: 748.1798. ‘‘Cette plante est dans l’herbier du 
Muséum. Je la crois d’Amérique Septentrionale.’’ The type, labeled in Lamarck’s 
hand ‘‘panicum laxiflorum lam. dict.,’’ is in the Lamarck Herbarium. It consists of 
two culms, each with a loose terminal panicle, one leafless, the other with a single 
blade glabrous on both surfaces; the spikelets are 2.2 mm. long, papillose-pilose, the 
fruit covered by the second glume and sterile lemma. These characters indicate not 
the species that has been called by this name in America, but the one of more restricted 
southern range. 

Panicum pyriforme Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 579.1899. ‘‘Type collected by the 
writer in clay soil, at Orange Bend,¢ Lake Co., Florida, March 12-31, 1894, no. 239.”’ 
The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a clump of three culms, 15 to 45 cm. high. 
The description states that the blades are glabrous 
on the margin, but the type, as well as duplicate 
types in the National and Columbia University 
herbaria and in Hitchcock’s herbarium, has sev- 
eral sparingly ciliate blades; the spikelets are said 
to be ‘‘about 2.5 mm. long” but measure 2.2 mm. 

Panicum aureum Muhl.; Scribn. & Merr. U.S. 
Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 4.1900. This 
is mentioned as a synonym of P. laxiflorum Lam. 
The type specimen is in the Muhlenberg Herba- 
rium in folio ‘‘187, Panicum strigosum.”’ It is labeled ‘‘117 P. aureum M 115.” 


Fic. 144.—P. lazifiorum. From 
type specimen. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with slender culms 20 to 60 cm. high, erect, or the lower nodes often 
geniculate, glabrous; nodes bearded with reflexed hairs; sheaths shorter than the 
internodes, conspicuously retrorsely ‘pilose; blades mostly 10 to 18 cm. long, 7 to 12 
mm. wide, acuminate, narrowed toward the base, glabrous on both surfaces and on 


aThe locality of Nash 239 as given on the label is ‘‘vicinity of Eustis.’’? Orange 
Bend is a few miles northwest of Eustis. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 159 


the margins, or sparsely ciliate; panicles long-exserted, but sometimes equaled by 
the long upper blades, 8 to 12 cm. long, nearly as wide, lax, few-flowered, the 
branches flexuous, Spreading, the lower often deflexed; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 
1.2 mm. wide, oblong-obovate, obtuse, first glume one-third to two-fifths as long as 
the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal and covering the fruit at maturity, 
papillose-pilose; fruit 1.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm.wide, obovate-elliptic, minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form branching at the base, forming soft, spreading tufts, the sheaths 
overlapping and the blades but little or not at all reduced, much exceeding the sec- 
ondary panicles; spikelets more turgid and obtuse than the primary ones. 

A specimen collected by Lester F. and Rosamond Ward at Palatka, Fla., in 1891, 
and another from Dr. Chapman, collected in Florida, without locality or date, have 
pilose blades like those of P. xalapense; 
the spikelets are 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 
and the fruit is covered by the equal 
second glume and sterile lemma. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Rich or damp woods, Georgia to 
Florida and Alabama. 


GrorGIA: Stone Mountain, Eggert 
42; Ocmulgee River Swamp, 
below Macon, Small in 1895. 

FLORIDA: Monticello, Combs 327; Fic. 145.—Distribution of P. laxiflorum. 
Lake City, Nash 2156, Hitch- 
cock 1009; Gainesville, Chase 4217, Combs 743; Mabel, Curtiss 6635 in part;¢ 
Grasmere, Combs 1064; Spruce Creek, Curtiss in 1885; Manatee, Tracy 7383; 
Palmetto, Tracy 6707; Eustis, Nash 239, 2034; Orange Bend, Chase 4101; 
Dunnellon, Combs 909; Titusville, Chase 4023; Ormond, Hitchcock 111. 

ALABAMA: Springhill, Mohr in 1895. 


87. Panicum xalapense H. B. K. 


Panicum xalapense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 103. 1816. ‘‘Crescit in regno 
Mexicano prope Xalapa et montem Macultepec.’’ The type, in the Bonpland Herba- 
rium, is labeled, ‘‘In regno Mexicano prope xalapa, regione temperata.”’ 

Panicum pumilum Bosc; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 228. 1829, not Lam. 1798. ‘‘(Herb. 
Willd.) Habitat in America boreali.’’ This is mentioned as a synonym under P. lazi- 
florum Lam. The specimen referred to, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is the vernal 
form. 

Panicum rariflorum Rupr. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 97: 240. 1842, not Lam. 1798. 
“(Coll. H. Galfeotti] No. 5733). Nous avons trouvé cette nouvelle espéce * * * 
pres de Xalapa.’’ Thisisanomen nudum. The type, in the Brussels Herbarium, is 
a poor specimen, but undoubtedly belongs to this species. 

Panicum ruprechtt Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 21. 1886, not Fenzl, 1854. This name is 
based on the type of P. rariflorum Rupr., “‘(GaL[EoTTI] n. 5733).’’ It was earlier listed 
without description by Hemsley,® based on ‘‘Panicum rariflorum Rupr. * * * 
non Lam.,”’ that is, a nomen nudum based on a nomen nudum. 

Panicum caricifolium Scribn.; Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:¢ 57. 1898. 
This is given as a synonym of P. laziforum Lam. ‘“‘As distributed by Kearney 


a Curtiss included P. xalapense also under thisnumber. U.S. National Herbarium 
no. 388470 is a sheet of Curtiss 6635, with a tuft of each species. 

6 Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 495. 1885. 

¢ The title page, vol. 15, pt. 1 (pp. 1-75) is incorrectly numbered 4 (IV). 


160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


(Washington, D. C., May, 1897).’’ The Kearney specimen referred to could not be 
found in Ashe’s herbarium, but other specimens there under this name are P. zala- 
pense, as are specimens in the National Herbarium bearing the name ‘‘Panicum 
caricifolium” in Scribner’s writing. 

This is the species described as P. laxiflorum by American authors. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to P. laxiflorum in texture and habit; culms and blades on the 
average shorter, the blades pilose on ene or both surfaces or nearly glabrous, usually 
short-ciliate, the uppermost more or less convolute 
at base around the culm; panicles hardly so few- 
flowered; spikelets 1.9 to 2 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, 
oblong-obovate, obtuse, the first glume one-fourth to 
one-third as long as the spikelet; second glume and 
sterile lemma pilose, less prominently papillose, the 
glume shorter than the fruit, the latter 1.5 mm. long 
and 1 mm. wide, oval, minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form as in P. lariflorum, but forming 
usually denser tufts with shorter leaves. 

This species is conspicuously retrorsely pilose on the sheaths. Canby’s no. 106, 
Stone Mountain, Ga., in the Gray Herbarium, is exceptional in having almost glabrous 
sheaths. 


Fig. 146.—P. ralapense. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods, Maryland, Illinois, and Missouri to Florida, Texas, and Mexico; also in 
Santo Domingo. 


Inpiana: Clarke County, Deam 6883. 

Inuinots: Jackson County, French in 1905. 

Missouri: Campbell, Bush 749 in part; Swan, Bush 4638; Jefferson County, 
Eggert 127; Pacific, Kellogg 19. 

MaRYLAND: Cabin John, Chase 5412, Chase in Kneucker Gram Exs. 549; west 
District Line, Hitchcock 343; Great Falls, Chase 2316, 2320. 

Vireinta: Richmond, DeChalmot; 
Smyth County, Small in 1892; 
Princess Anne County, Kear- 
mney 1033, 1104, 1179, 1308, 
1467, Pollard & Maxon in 
1900. 

Norts Carona: Biltmore, Bilt- 
more Herb. 2993a; Madison 
County, Biltmore Herb. 2993c; 
Raleigh, Ashe; Chapel Hill, 
Ashe, Chase 3057; Wilmington, 
Chase 3111, 3117, 3118. Fic. 147.—Distribution of P. ralapense. 

SoutH CaRoLina: Orangeburg, 

Hitchcock 1391, 1415, 1424; Clemson College, House 2177. 

GEoRGIA: Thomson, Bartlett 1453; Rome, Curtiss 6791; Warm Springs, Tracy 
8867; Augusta, Cuthbert 1119, Kearney 212; Union, Harper 1085; Clarke 
County, Harper 77; Dublin, Harper 2140; Stone Mountain, Chase 4517, 
Eggert 86, Harper 183, Hitchcock 1361, Small in 1893, Wilson 14. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 6602; Lake City, Combs & Rolfs 141; Tallahassee, 
Combs 390, Kearney 75; Sanford, Hitchcock 773; Titusville, Chase 4009; Dade 
County, Curtiss 5537, Eaton 589, 831, Hitchcock 659, 673, Tracy 8849; Manatee 
County, Tracy 6694; Sarasota Key, Tracy 7202; Alva, Hitchcock Lee’ Co. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 161 


Pl. 480; Tampa, Hitchcock 927, 935; Myers, Hitchcock 906; without locality, 
Rugel 392. 

KENTUCKY: Harlan County, Kearney 53. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 68; Nashville, Gattinger in 1880; Wolf Creek, 
Kearney in 1894; Cocke County, Kearney 970. 

AtaBaMA: Auburn, Earle & Baker in 1897; Tracy 3759; Tuskegee, Carver 55; 
Scottsboro, Chase 4506. 

Mississier1: Meridian, Tracy 3267; Dekalb, Tracy 3255, 3256; Fairport, Tracy 3211; 
Acona, Tracy 2058; Starkville, Tracy 1410, 1753; Enterprise, Tracy 3267, 3287; 
Jackson, Hitchcock 1310; Biloxi, Hitchcock 1073, Tracy 2032, 4574, 4588, 6358. 

ArKaAnsas: Fulton, Bush 1440; Texarkana, Bush 2488. 

Lourstana: Calhoun, Ball 62, Hitchcock 1260; Coushatta, Ball 122; Shreveport, 
Cocks 3511, Hitchcock 1239; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 110, 1124; Opelousas, 
Langlois 36; New Orleans, Drummond 456, 457. 

Texas: Waller County, Hitchcock 1182, Thurow in 1898 and 1906; Dallas, Reverchon 
93, Bush 651; Houston, Bebb 1236; Denison, Bebb 1457; Columbia, Bush 1273; 
Heiler 4085, 4209; Galveston, Plank 91; Palestine, Plank 51; Nealley in 1884. 

OxiaHomA: Wister, Hitchcock in 1903; Poteau, Hitchcock in 1903 (both in Hitch- 
cock Herb.). 

Mexico: Jalapa, Pringle 8083, C. L. Smith 1752; Hidalgo, Pringle 13250; Orizaba, 
Nelson 201; Chinantla, Liebmann 328; Valley of Cérdoba, Bourgeau 2162; 
Galeotti 5733 (Brussels Herb.), Schiede & Deppe ‘‘acuminatum c;” Seler 2160 
(both in Berlin Herb.). 

Santo Dominco: Near Jarabaco, Eggers 2129. 


87a. Panicum xalapense strictirameum subsp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Differing from P. xalapense in having ovoid, more compact panicles with ascending 

_ branches, somewhat smaller spikelets, 1.7 mm. 

_ long, shorter, narrower blades than common in 
the species, and shorter culms. 

Autumnal form in smaller, shorter tufts. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 558449, col- 
lected April 28, 1906, Jackson, Miss., by A.S. Hitch- 
cock(no.1311). This specimen hasshort, appressed 
blades, the uppermost 2.5 to 4 cm. long, and long- 


Fic. 148.—P. ralapense strictirameum. : é 
From type specimen. exserted panicles 2 to 3 cm. long. This form was 


abundant on wooded hills in the outskirts of Jack- 
son, where P. xalapense also grew, but from which it differed conspicuously in the 


form of the panicle. Most of the other 
specimens referred to this subspecies 
are less characteristic, but are smaller, 
with smaller blades than the species 
usually has, though occasional speci- 
mens of P. xalapense have the smaller 
blades of the subspecies. 


DISTRIBUTION. 

Dry woods, South Carolina to Loui- 
slana. 

South Carona: Lancaster, 


House 2551. Fig. 149.—Distribution of P. ralapense strictirameum. 
Auasama: Auburn, Hitchcock 1333. 
Mississippi: Jackson, Hitchcock 1311; Madison, Tracy 1478. 
Lovistana: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1290; West Feliciana, Cocks 3510. 


41616°—vot 15—10——11 


162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
88. Panicum ciliatum Ell. 


Panicum ciliatum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 126. 1816. No locality is cited. The 
type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of two short culms with short-exserted, imma- 
ture panicles. 

Panicum leucoblepharis Trin. Clav. Agrost. 234. 1822. Trinius’s full citation is as 
follows: ‘1177. Gr. miliaceum americanum, majus, panicula minore. Pluk. 
Phytogr.p. 176. Tab. 92. f. 7. Mant. p. 95. (excl. Syn. Sloan. ut ipse Sloaneus 
monet). Citatur a Gronowio (Virg. p. 12.) ad Pan. paniculatum floribus muticis; sed 
quid tllud? Figura bene convent cum Panico quodam herb. notsr. [nosir.] ex Amer. bor. 
(Pan. leucoblepharis m.) praeter cilia foliorum elegantissima, rigidiuscula.—Synon. 
Recchu ap. Pluk. admodum dubium.’’ Plukenet cites ‘‘Nov. Hispan. Terent. apud 
Recc. 373” after the phrase name cited by Trinius. The figure, which is not identifi- 
able, represents blades with cordate bases and no ciliz. A specimen in the Trinius 
Herbarium is labeled: ‘‘ab Enslino in Am. bor. 1. dt. cl. Trattinick.’’ This is typ- 
ical P.ciliatum Ell. Trinius¢@ further describes this species, citing the Enslin speci- 
men. Since the Plukenet figure can not certainly be identified, the Enslin specimen 
has been chosen as the type. 

Panicum ciliatyfolium Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 36. 1829. Based on P. ciliatum Ell. 
without description or explanation as to reason for change of name. 

Pamcum cilatifolium Desv. Opusc. 88. 1831. ‘‘Habitat in America boreali.’’ 
The type could not be found in the Desvaux Herbarium, but the description leaves 
no doubt as to the identity of the species. Desvaux cites P. ciliatum Ell. witha query. 
He uses the name ciliatifolium apparently without reference to its previous use by 
Kunth for the same species. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with culms 5 to 30 cm. high, erect or spreading, sparsely pilose toward 
the summit, the nodes glabrous; sheaths ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, 
usually overlapping; blades 3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, the uppermost often 
much smaller, lanceolate, ciliate on the margin with stiff hairs 2 to 3 mm. long, arising 
from papillee, panicles 3 to 4 cm. long, about as wide, with more numerous spikelets 
than those of P. zalapense, the branches spreading, flexuous, the axis pilose; spikelets 
1.8 to2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic; first 
elume half the length of the spikelet, subacute; second 
elume and sterile lemma equal, not exceeding the 
fruit, villous; fruit 1.7 to 1.8 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, 
elliptic, the apex minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form in flat, soft mats, similar to that of 
P. xalapense. 

A specimen of Nash 807 from Eustis, Fla., in Hitch- 
cock’s herbarium, which is an autumnal form of this 
species, consists of two small tufts, of which one has 
glabrous spikelets, the other pubescent spikelets; the plants are otherwise identical; 
the spikelets are of the same size and the fruits of the glabrous ones are umbonate 
as in the pubescent ones. So far as examined, other specimens of this number have 
pubescent spikelets. Two specimens, Chase 3131 from Wilmington, N. C., and Hitch- 
cock 1062 from Biloxi, Miss., with pubescent spikelets only 1.6 mm. long are inter- 
mediate between P. ciliatum and P. polycaulon and might perhaps be considered as 
a form of P. polycaulon with pubescent spikelets. 


Fic. 150.—P. ciliatum. From 
type specimen. 


aGram. Pan, 219. 1826. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 163 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low pine lands and hammocks, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 


NortH Carona: Onslow County, Chase 3184; Roanoke Island, Chase 3214, 
3226; New Hanover County, 
Chase 4583, Hitchcock 1430, 
1451, 1490, Kearney 250. 

SoutH CarRoLIna: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 342, 1371. 

Fiormpa: Baldwin, Combs 57, 
Hitchcock 991, 993, 1000; Lake 
City, Combs 100, 137, Hitch- 
cock 1019, 1036; Madison, 
Combs 288; Eustis, Nash 807. 

AtaBAMA: Flomaton, Hitchcock 
1040; Mobile, Kearney 24. 

Mississ1prPi: Jackson County, Kear- 
ney 283, Tracy 162; Biloxi, Chase 4360, Kearney 326 in part; Avondale, Tracy 
4582. 

Lourstana: New Orleans, Drummond (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 151.—Distribution of P. ciliatum. 


89. Panicum polycaulon Nash. 


Panicum polycaulon Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 200.1897. ‘‘Type specimen 
collected by the writer on August 20, 1895, in the flatwoods at Tampa, Florida, No. 
2420a.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a spreading tuft of numerous 
culms, 10 to 17 cm. high, the overmature panicles nearly devoid of spikelets, and 
the first glume half the length of the spikelets, which are 1.6 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. ciliatum, culms rarely over 20 cm. high, glabrous, 
but pilose in the long-exserted panicle; sheaths sparingly ciliate; blades on the 
average narrower than those of P. ciliatum,; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long (excep- 
tionally as much as 2 mm. long), 0.8 mm. wide, obovate, blunt, glabrous; first glume 
one-third to half the length of the spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile lemma 
strongly nerved; fruit 1.4 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute, not umbonate. 

Autumnal form in flat, soft mats, similar to those of P. ralapense, but smaller. 

The type specimens of P. ciliatum and P. polycaulon differ in the spikelet char- 
acters, the former having pubescent spikelets 2 mm. long and the latter having gla- 
brous, more obovate, turgid spikelets 1.6 mm. long. Our 
numerous specimens, however, do not show these constant 
differences. Occasional specimens have glabrous spikelets 
as much as 2 mm. long. A comparatively few specimens 
have pubescent spikelets that are of the smaller size. We 
have not found any distinct differences in habit that can 
be codrdinated with the spikelet characters. The range of 
the two forms is somewhat different, P. ciliatum extending 
from North Carolina to northern Florida, and P. polycaulon 
throughout Florida and southward into Cuba. It will be observed that the ranges of 
the two overlap in northern Florida and it is here that the intermediate specimens are 
found. A specimen from Tampa, Florida, Hitchcock 933, has blades nearly destitute 
of ciliz. The following specimens have spikelets nearly or quite 2 mm. long: FLor- 
1A: Kalamazoo, Hitchcock 763; Lakeland, Hitchcock 836; Dunedin, Tracy 6698. 
Misstssreri: Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1101. 


Fig. 152.—P. polycaulon. 
From type specimen. 


164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Flatwoods and hammocks, Florida and along the Gulf coast to Mississippi; also in 
Cuba. 


Fioripa: Live Oak, Tracy 6727; Washington County, Combs 649 in part; Apa- 
lachicola, Bilémore Herb. 6022a, Kearney 96; Orange County, Baker 68, 
Combs & Baker 1086, Curtiss 6627; Orange Bend Chase 4104; Pitaswille, 
Chase 3967; Dunedin, Tracy 
6698, 6723; Kalamazoo, Hitch- 
cock 762; Sanford, Miichcock 
771, 772, 827; Manatee, Hitch- 
cock 950,974; Lakeland, Hitch- 
cock 843; Tampa, Combs 1338, 
Hitchcock 933, 943; Hog Island, 
Tracy 6710 in part; Lemon 
Bay, Tracy 7188 in part; 
Sneeds Island, Tracy 6692; 
Santa Rosa Island, Tracy 8411; 
Myers, Hitchcock 868, 903, 9233, Fig. 153.—Distribution of P. polycaulon. 

Lee Co. Pl. 482; Miami, Chase 
3885, Hitchcock 112, 665, 711, 721; Homestead, Hitchcock 6893. 

ALABAMA: Fort Meee Tracy 7208. 

MississtpP1: Horn Island, Tracy 6470; Petit Bois Island, Tracy 4606; Ocean 
Springs, Skehan in 1895; Biloxi, Chase 4364. 

CuBa: Herradura, Hitchcock 115; without locality, Wright 3875 in part; Isle of 
Pines, Palmer & Riley 990. 

Porto Rico: Near Piedra Blanca, Sintents 5724. 


90. Panicum strigosum Muhl. 


Panicum strigosum Muhl. in Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 126. 1816. Elliott cites no 
locality. The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, is a single immature plant, the panicle 
only short-exserted. The accompanying label reads ‘‘Panicum strigosum Muhl. 
Hab. in humidis. Car: & Georg: Flor: Ma-Jun:.” 

Panicum laxiflorum pubescens Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 30. 1892. No locality 
nor specimen is cited. Only two specimens bearing this name in Vasey’s writing 
can be found in the National Herbarium. One of these, Curtiss North American 
Plants No. H, Duval County, Florida, agrees well with Vasey’s description; the other, 
a specimen of P. xalapense, does not agree with the description. The first is therefore 
chosen as the type. 

Panicum longipedunculatum Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 7: 53. pl. 16. f. 61. 
1894. ‘Damp woods, White Cliff Springs [Tennessee], July 1890; Tullohoma, July, 
1892. A large form of this species is represented by No. 3597* A. H. Curtiss N. Am. 
Pl.’’ The first specimen cited, which is evidently the plant 
figured and which is chosen as the type, is in Hitchcock’s 
herbarium. It consists of two tufts with slender culms 15 to 
40 cm. high, more sparsely pilose than usual. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Fig. 154.—P. strigosum. 


From type specimen. Vernal form similar to that of P. ciliatum, but having 


sparsely pilose culms and sheaths, bearded nodes, and blades 
on the average a little wider and more or less pilose on both surfaces; panicles larger, 
with pilose axis and branches, bearing more numerous, smaller, glabrous spikelets, 
the latter 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, obovate, less turgid than in other species 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 165 


of this group; first glume one-third to half the length of the spikelet; second glume 
and sterile lemma equal, faintly nerved; fruit 1.3 mm. long, 0.6 to 0.7 mm. wide, 
elliptic, subacute, not umbonate. 

Autumnal form a dense mat with panicles scarcely rising above the leaves. 

This species is variable as to pubescence. Some of the specimens from Cuba and 
Guatemala show only a few scattered hairs upon the surface of some of the blades, 
but these are conspicuously ciliate on the margin. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods, Virginia and Tennessee to Florida and Louisiana; also in Mexico, 
Guatemala, and Cuba. 


Vireinia: Norfolk County, Kearney 1761. 

NortH Carortna: Roanoke Island, Chase 3244; Onslow County, Chase 3171; 
Wilmington, Hitchcock 1450, ‘ 
Kearney 282. 

SoutH Carona: Aiken, Ravenel. 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Curtiss 
3597*, 4031; Washington 
County, Combs 567, 584. 

TENNESSEE: White Cliff Springs, 
Scribner in 1890 (Hitchcock 
Herb.). 

AtaBAMA: Cullman County, Log- 
gert 21; Gateswood, Tracy 8422; 
Flomaton, Hitchcock 1043. Fig. 155.—Distribution of P. strigoswm. 

Mississippi: Saratoga, Tracy 8402. 

LovisiaNna: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1162. 

Mexico: Minatitlan, J. G. Smith 555 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Secanquim, Pitiver 257; Cuesta de Peixha, Pittver 1800. 

Cusa: El Guama, Palmer & Riley 213; without locality, Wright 3875 in part. 


Angustifolia.—Plants mostly dull grayish-green, cespitose; vernal culms erect or 
ascending from a spreading base, mostly 30 or 40 cm., rarely as much as 100 
em. high, appressed-villous at base or sometimes above, or rarely smooth 
even at base; ligules ciliate, less than 1 mm. long; blades narrow, ascending, 
usually firm and rigid, more or less striate with prominent nerves, and some- 
times longitudinally wrinkled besides, often ciliate at the base; spikelets 
attenuate at base, rather strongly 7-nerved, usually pubescent, the hairs aris- 
ing from bullate papille; first glume narrow and sheathing at base. Autum- 
nal culms repeatedly branching, forming bushy crowns, these remaining 
erect or becoming decumbent or widely spreading; blades much reduced, 
often involute; a distinct rosette of basal leaves formed in the fall. Species — 
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. 


Nodes bearded; plants grayish-villous; autumnal blades flat. 


Spuseletsy Zemin. lone: 21/2 eh es ie eS hah emt ake O2e Ea Clrysops t= 
difolvum. 
Sprkcleis 2:0 tops. S) Mi LON an eer Se ee a ae 2 93. P. consangui- 
neum. 


Nodes not bearded; plants villous only at base, or nearly gla- 
brous; autumnal blades involute or flat. 
Autumnal blades flat; lower panicle branches spreading 
ORUCHeRedy eels sae oi 1 ee eaten aR 94. P. angustifolium. 


166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Autumnal blades involute; lower panicle branches more 
or less ascending. 
Spikelets 3.3 to 3.5 mm. long, pointed..............- 95. P. fusiforme. 
Spikelets less than 3 mm. long, not pointed, or ob- 
scurely so. 
Plants glabrous or nearly so; autumnal culms 
erect. 
Spikelets subsecund along the suberect pan- 
acle soranches': 2 q20: ee Gene Wee meee 98. P. neuranthum. 
Spikelets not subsecund; panicle loose and 
OPCW Sr iF Rik ee eer a ee 97. P. ovinum. 
Plants pubescent, at least on the lower half. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm., rarely only 2.1 mm. 
long; vernal blades 7 to 12 cm. long; 
autumnal blades not falcate........-- 96. P. arenicoloides. 
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long; vernal blades 
4 to6cm: long, autumnal blades much 
crowded: taleatess Moccia sce come ee 91. P. aciculare. 


— 


91. Panicum aciculare Desv. 


Panicum aciculare Desv.; Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. ‘‘Cette 
plante croft dans les Indes orientales. (V.s.in herb. Desv.)’’ Poiret cites “‘P. acicu- 
lare Desv. Herb.’’ The type is in the Paris Herbarium. It is from the Desvaux 
Herbarium and is labeled in Desvaux’s handwriting ‘‘Panicum aciculare Desyv. in 
Enc. Suppl. 4. p. 274. habitat in india orientali.”’ It is the autumnal form and is evi- 
dently the specimen described. The locality is certainly an error, as no such plant is 
known from the East Indies, and the specimen is without doubt from the southeastern 
United States. : 

Panicum setaceum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 99.1817. ‘‘Habitat in Georgia.’’ The type, 
in the Muhlenberg Herbarium, is in a folio marked: ‘‘151 Panicum pungens M. 97 
Elliott, 358.’’ Panicum pungens in the herbarium stands in the same relation to the 
other species as does P. setacewm in Muhlenberg’s book.>® In the herbarium folio 151 
is the first of the Panicums. In the book P. setacewm is the first species described under 
this genus. Likewise the sequence in the two places is essentially the same. The 
specimen, which is the autumnal form, agrees with Muhlenberg’s description of P. 
setaceum. 

Panicum subuniflorum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 312. 1825. ‘‘Carolin.’”’ In the 
Delessert Herbarium is a specimen from ‘‘Carolina” collected by Bose. In the Will- 
denow Herbarium is another fragmentary specimen labeled P. subuniflorum Bosc, but 
without locality or collector. The latter may be the type. 

Panicum arenicolum{cola] Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 56. 1898. ‘‘Type 
material collected by the writer at Chapel Hill, N. C. June 1898.’’ The type could 
not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In Hitchcock’s herbarium is a specimen labeled 
‘‘Panicum arenaecolum Ashe” collected in the vicinity of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 
by W. W. Ashe, and sent by him to Professor Scribner. The date of collection is not 
given. This specimen, which is probably a duplicate type, consists of two vernal 
culms, somewhat appressed-pubescent below; the stiffly ascending blades are gla- 
brous except the lowermost, which is sparsely pubescent beneath. 

Panicum filiram[eJum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 88. 1900. ‘‘Sandy 
woods, eastern North Carolina. Type material collected in New Hanover County, 


a Several cases of erroneous localities occur in Desvaux’s herbarium. See Panicum 
illinonense Desv. under P. fasciculatum. 
6Compare U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 2. 1900. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 167 


N. C., in June 1899.”’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, consists of two single vernal 
plants, with slender, villous culms, sheaths less villous, blades nearly glabrous on one 
plant, sparsely long;pilose on the other, the panicles overmature. 

Panicum pungens Muhl.; Scribn. & Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 2. 
1900, not Poir. 1816. This is mentioned as a herbarium name of P. setacewm Muhl., of 
which it is a typonym. ; 

This is the species described in Britton’s Manual¢ and in Small’s Flora ® under the 
name Panicum neuranthum Griseb. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms numerous in a tuft, ascending from a spreading base, appressed- 
pubescent below, glabrate above, 20 to 50 cm. or, in shaded situations, 60 cm. or more 
high, the nodes more or less pubescent but not bearded; lower sheaths villous, the 
upper glabrous except the ciliate margin; blades stiff, spreading or ascending, nar- 
rowed to an involute point, glabrous or the lower sparsely pilose, somewhat papillose- 
hispid on the margin at base, the middle culm blades 4 to 6 cm. long, rarely longer, 
2 to 5mm. wide, the uppermost shorter, usually only 1 to 2 cm. long and 1 to 2 mm. 
wide; panicles open, 3 to 7 cm. long, the flexuous 
branches spreading at maturity; spikelets 1.9 to 2 
mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, obovate, blunt, basal 
attenuation short; first glume about one-fourth 
the length of the spikelet, obtuse or pointed; 
second glume and sterile lemma equal, papillose- 
pubescent; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oval- 
elliptic, glabrous at the apex. 

Autumnal form consisting of numerous bushy- 
branched culms 10 to 30 cm. long, spreading and 
forming dense cushions, the short blades involute, sharp-pointed and usually arcuate, 
mostly 1 to 3 cm. long; spikelets more turgid than in the vernal form. 

This species is abundant in the coast region and can be distinguished from all the 
other species of this group’ within its range by the small spikelets, and the awl-like 
blades of the autumnal state. 

Chase’s no. 30974 is referred here though it is unusually glabrous. 


Fic, 156.—P. aciculare. From type speci- 
men in Florence Herbarium. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods of the Coastal Plain from New Jersey to northern Florida and 
eastern Texas. 


New JERSEY: Cape May, Stone in 1909. 

VirGinia: Vicinity of Cape Henry, Chase 2357, 2936, 3682, 5413, 5414, Hitchcock 
345, 347, Kearney 1375, 1566, 2038, Mackenzie 1664, Williams 3099. 

NortH Carouina: Lake Mattamuskeet, Chase 3205; Raleigh, Chase 3084; Wil- 
mington, Ashe in 1899, Chase 3123, 31380, 3157, 4578, 4586, Hitchcock 344, 1447, 
1473, Kearney 247, 284 in part; Roanoke Island, Ashe in Curtiss Dist. 6451, 
Chase 3215, 3216, 3217; Ocracoke Island, Kearney 2272; Edenton, Kearney. 
1871; Wilsons Mills, Chase 3094, 30973, 3103, 3105; Jacksonville, Chase 3167; 
Wards Mill, Chase 3185. 

SoutH CaroLina: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 17, 346, 1375, 1404; Aiken, Ravenel in 
1882; Fripps Island, Cuthbert 1166; Isle of Palms, Chase 4525. 

GroreiA: Augusta, Kearney 215; Thomson, Bartlett 1444, 1455; Albany, Tracy 
3640; Thomasville, Tracy 3638, 3641; Jessup, Biltmore Herb. 11866. 


a Man. 84. 1901. 6 Fl. Southeast. U. S. 95. 1903. 


168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Froripa: Baldwin, Hitchcock 989; Lake City, Combs 183; Madison, Combs 216; 
Monticello, Combs 301, 329; Tallahassee, Combs 372, 380; Quincy, Combs 408; 
Washington County, Combs 554, 567a; Leon County, Curtiss E; Chatta- 
hoochee, Tracy 3639; Mari- 
anna, Tracy 3637; Milton, Chase 
4302; Eustis, Nash 1243; Pasco 
County, Curtiss 6639. 

AtaBAMA: Tuskegee, Carver 96; 
Gateswood, Tracy 8420; Mo- 
bile, Kearney 21 in part. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Chase 
4444; vicinity of Biloxi, Chase 
4359, Hitchcock 1082, Kearney 
2844, 306 in part, Tracy 1417, 
3634. Fig. 157.—Distribution’of P. aciculare. 

Louisiana: Covington, Langlois 
48b in 1884; Calcasieu, Cocks 2194; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1127, 11394, 1140, 
Tracy 3650. 

Texas: Waller County, Hitchcock 1225, Thurow 1 in 1900. 

OxxtaHoma: Sapulpa, Bush 1388 in 1895 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


92. Panicum chrysopsidifolium Nash. 


Panicum chrysopsidifolium Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 100. 1903. On page 
1327, in the list of new genera and species, the following citation is given: ‘“‘Type, Cur- 
tiss, N. Am. Pl., no. D,in Herb.N. Y.B.G.’’ The type, in the herbarium of the New 
York Botanical Garden, is labeled ‘‘Hammock land, Leon Co. Fla., May 12, 1886,”’ 
and consists of a clump of four vernal culms 30 to 55 cm. high with mature, short- 
exserted panicles. 

: DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with ascending or spreading, rather slender culms, 30 to 45 cm. high, 
purplish, grayish-villous, especially below, the nodes bearded; sheaths much shorter 
than the internodes, villous like the culm, densely so at the summit; blades 5 to 10 
em. long, 3 to5 mm. wide, tapering from base to apex, conspicuously pointed, villous 
on both surfaces; panicles finally long-exserted, 4 to 6 cm. long, about three-fourths 
as wide, the flexuous branches ascending or spread- 
ing; spikelets 2 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, ob- 
ovate, blunt and turgid; first glume one-third the 
length of the spikelet, subacute or obtuse; second 
elume and sterile lemma subequal, scarcely cover- 
ing the fruit at maturity, villous, the bullate pa- 
pillee prominent; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, 
broadly elliptic, minutely puberulent at the apex. 

Hiattss. << PYehaepeaRCUG. SEVEN Autumnal form spreading and forming mats, the 
type specimen. culms slender, often zigzag toward the tip; blades 
numerous, flat, becoming papery with age, mostly 

I to3 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; spikelets more turgid than usual in the primary panicle. 

Panicum chrysopsidifolium has been confused with P. neuranthum Griseb., because 
both species were distributed by Wright under the same number (Wright 3453). 
This number in the Grisebach Herbarium is the type of P. neuranthum. The same 
number in several other herbaria consists of the autumnal form of P. chrysopsidifolium.@ 


@ For further discussion of Wright’s Cuba grasses, see Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
12: 183. 1909. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 169 


The specimen referred to by Grisebach,@ under P. newranthum as, ‘‘forma ascendens, 
ramosa, foliis planis, spiculis ut in @”’ is P. chrysopsidifolium. 

This species can be distinguished from P. consanguineum by the smaller spikelets, 
and from P. aciculare by the bearded 
nodes and by the lax culms and flat Sy 
blades of the autumnal form. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods of the Coastal 
Plain, Florida to Louisiana; also in 
Cuba and Porto Rico. 


Fioripa: Leon County, Curtiss D; 
Orange County, Baker 45; San- 
ford, Hitchcock 775. 

Loutstana: Lake Charles, Chase Fiq. 159.—Distribution of P. chrysopsidifolium. 
4405. 

Cusa: Consolacion del Sur, Palmer & Riley 481; Herradura, Hitchcock 116; 
eastern Cuba, Wright 3453 in part; Isle of Pines, Palmer & Riley 982. 

Porto Rico: Santurce, Heller 982; Las Marias ad Tabomeo, Sintenis 5985. 


93. Panicum consanguineum Kunth. 


Panicum villosum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 124. 1816, not Lam. 1791. No locality 
is cited. The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of a single culm lacking the 
base, bearing four leaves and an immature, scarcely exserted panicle. The accom- 
panying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum villosum mihi. Hab. in umbrosis. Flor. Ap. Ma.”’ 

Panicum consanguineum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 36. 1829. Based on P. villosum 
Ell., the name presumably changed because of P. villosum Lam. 

Ban commutatum consanguineum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 141. 1896. Based. 
on P. consanguineum Kunth. 

Panicum georgianum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 36. 1898. ‘‘Georgia: 
Small; Darden [Darien] Junction, McIntosh Co., June 27, 1895.’’ The type speci- 
men, which is in the Biltmore Herbarium and which is marked ‘‘P. georgianum 
W. W. Ashe,”’ in Ashe’s writing, is the autumnal form. 

Panicum cahoonianum Ashe, Journ. 
Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:5 113.1899. Based 
on P. georgianum Ashe, the name changed 
because of Panicum georgicum Spreng. 


1825. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with culms ascending or 
spreading, often geniculate at base, 20 to 
55cm. high, rather stout, densely felty- 
villous below, less so above, nodes 
Fig. 160.—P.consanguineum. From type specimen Bearded, sheaths villous, the app otter 

BP “wilvcuii till. sparsely so; blades erect or ascending, 7 

to 11 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, (the 

lowermost shorter and broader), tapering slightly toward the base, more or less invo- 
lute-pointed, villous on both surfaces or nearly glabrous above, the longitudinal 


@ Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. 
6 The title page, vol. 15, pt. 2. (pp. 76-114) is incorrectly numbered 14. (XIV). 


170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


wrinkling conspicuous in the lower blades; panicles 4 to 8 cm. long, one-half to two- 
thirds as wide, the lower branches usually narrowly ascending; spikelets 2.6 to 2.8 
mm. long, 1.6 to 1.8 mm. wide, obovate, blunt, turgid; first glume one-third the 
length of the spikelet or less; second glume and sterile lemma equal, scarcely cov- 
ering the fruit at maturity, densely papillose-villous, the bullate papille prominent; 
fruit 2 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide, minutely puberulent at the apex. 

Autumnal form spreading or decumbent, the numerous branches somewhat flabel- 
lately fascicled, the blades mostly 3 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, flat, thin, and 
papery. 

The vernal form of this species may be distinguished from P. angustifolium by the 
greater amount of pubescence, the bearded nodes, and the ascending panicle-branches, 
and the autumnal form by the widely spreading habit and shorter blades. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina to northern Florida and 
west to eastern Texas. 

Vireinia: Virginia Beach, Hitchcock in 1905. 

NortH Carouina: Wilmington, Hitchcock 1449, 1471; Wards Mill, Onslow 
County, Chase 3174; Wilsons Mills, Chase 3095; Roanoke Island, Chase 3230. 

SoutH CaRoLIna: Orangeburg, 
Mitchcock 1373, 1382. 

Geroraia: Macon, Small in 1895; 
Darien Junction, Small in 
1895. 

Fioripa: Baldwin, Mitchcock 986, 
999; Washington County, 
Combs 570, 651; Marianna, 
Tracy 3633; Milton, Chase 4299; 
without locality,’ Rugel 142. 

ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8427. 

Mississippi: Vicinity of Biloxi, Fig. 161.—Distribution of P. consanguinewm. 
Chase 4351, Hitchcock 1069, 

1070, 1083, Kearney 218 in part, 284 in part, Tracy 1884, 2873, 3661, 4614. 

ARKANSAS: Texarkana, Heller 4238. 

Lovurstana: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1139, 1155, Langlois in 1884. 

Texas: Beaumont, Reverchon 4156; Waller County, Thurow 23 in 1906. 


94, Panicum angustifolium Ell. 


? Panicum ramulosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 50. 1803. ‘‘Hab. in sylvis Caro- 
linae.’’ The type specimen, in the Michaux Herbarium, labeled ‘‘in pratis caespi- 
tosis Carolinae,’’ belongs to a species of the Angustifolia, apparently P. angustifolium, 
but on account of the fragmentary condition of the type, which is devoid of spikelets, 
and the insufficiency of Michaux’s description the identity of this specimen can not 
be determined with certainty. 

Panicum angustifolium Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 129.1816. No locality is cited. 
The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of a single culm, lacking the base, bearing 
three leaves and a scarcely exserted, immature panicle; the culm is glabrous, the 
sheaths are sparingly pilose, densely ciliate on the margin toward the summit; blades 
18 cm. long, involute toward the apex, long ciliate on the margin for half to two- 
thirds their length, otherwise glabrous. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum 
angustifolium. Hab: in aridis. Flor. Ma.?” 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 171 


Panicum curtisii Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 66.1854. “‘M. A. Curtis sub: P. ner- 
vosum. Miihlbrg. var. legit in Carolina.’ The type in the Paris Herbarium, labeled 
by Steudel ‘‘Panicum curtisii Steud. Panicum nervosum Muhlb. var.? M. A. Curtis. 
Carolina australis, Commun. Lenormand,”’ is a somewhat fragmentary specimen, but 
appears to be P. angustifolium. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with erect or nearly erect culms 30 to 55 cm. high, the lowermost inter- 
nodes gray crisp villous, the middle and upper glabrous; nodes glabrous or the lower 
villous, not bearded; lower sheaths more or less appressed-villous, the upper glabrous, 
except the usually ciliate margin; blades 8 to 12, rarely 15, cm. long, 4 to8 mm. wide 
(lowermost blades shorter and broader and longitudinally wrinkled), stiffly ascending, 
the upper more appressed, long-acuminate, scarcely narrowed at base; panicles long- 
exserted, 4 to 10 cm. long, nearly as wide, loosely flowered, the branches at anthesis 
widely spreading, the lower 3 to 4 cm. long, 
often reflexed; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, 
1.4 to 1.6 mm. wide, elliptic-obovate, turgid; 
first glume about one-third the length of the 
spikelet, pointed or obtuse; second glume and 
sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit at ma- 
turity, not beaked beyond it, papillose-villous; 
fruit 2mm. long, 1.3 to 1.5 mm. wide, broadly 
elliptic, minutely puberulent at the obscurely 
umbonate apex. 

Be ctcrasiifolinn.:. Front type Autumnal culms stiffly ascending or some- 

specimen. . what topheavy-reclining, not spreading nor 

mat-like; blades very numerous, flat, ap- 

pressed, rather thin and papery, panicles reduced (the later ones often to two or three 

spikelets), overtopped by the leaves; spikelets commonly more turgid and blunt than 
those of the primary panicles. 

The flat, papery blades of the autumnal form as seen in the spring still attached to 
the plants bearing the vernal culm are very characteristic of this species and of the two 
others of this group with flat autumnal blades (P. consanguineum and P. chrysopsidi- 
folium). 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods along the Coastal Plain from Pennsylvania to northern Florida 
and westward to eastern Texas. 


PENNSYLVANIA: “‘Bank of Schuylkill below Reading, 1849, Thos. C. Porter” 
(Acad. Phil. Herb.). 

DELAWARE: Frankiord, Commons 
in 1875. 

Virernia: Vicinity of Cape Henry, 
Chase 5415, Hitchcock 348, Kear- 
ney 1369, 1416, Williams 3100; 
Dismal Swamp, Chase 3677. 

NortH Carona: Roanoke Island, 
Chase 3249, 3250; vicinity of 
Wilmington, Chase 3138, 3163, 
4585, Hitchcock 14663, 1475; 
Onslow County, Chase 3169; 
Chapel Hill, Chase 3063; Ral- 
eigh, Chase 3082; Caraleigh Junction, Chase 3087. 

SoutH Carouina: Fripps Island, Cuthbert 1165; Orangeburg, Hitchcock 349, 1408; 
Aiken, Ravenel in 1882. 


Fic. 163.—Distribution of P. angustifolium. 


72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


GrorGIA: Augusta, Kearney 206; Albany, Tracy 3635 in part; Lookout Mountain, 
Ruth 56; Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 1362; Bullock County, Harper 828; 
Thomson, Bartlett 1462. 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Curtiss 3587 in part, 6803; Baldwin, Hitchcock 984; Talla- 
hassee, Combs 374, 376; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 4278; Chattahoochee, 
Tracy 3636; Gainesville, Chase 4229, 4267; Milton, Chase 4297, 4301; Lake- 
land, Hitchcock 835. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Scribner in 1892 (Univ. Tenn. Herb.). 

ALABAMA: Etowah County, Eggert 10; Pisgah, Chase 4479; Auburn, Hitchcock 
1332, 1340, Tracy 3746, 3750, 3758 in part; Tuskegee, Carver 86; Flomaton, 
Hitchcock 1039; Mobile, Kearney 28 in part, Langlois 48. 

Mississippi: Jackson, Hitchcock 1298; vicinity of Biloxi, Hitchcock 1087, 1091, 
1105, 1115, Kearney 306 in part, Tracy 1730, 1883, 1888, 4578, 4579, 4615, 4616 
in part. 

Louisiana: Calhoun, Mitchcock 1261, 1264, 1269; Coushatta, Ball 121; Lake 
Charles, Hitchcock 1151, Tracy 3651, 3657; Calcasieu River, Langlois in 1884. 

Texas: Waller, Hitchcock 1193, 1209, 1221; Beaumont, Reverchon 4159; Houston, 
Bebb 1262, Hall 833; Big Sandy, Reverchon 4193; without locality, Wright 
(Gray Herb.). 


' 95. Panicum fusiforme Hitchc. 


Panicum neuranthum ramosum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866, not P. ramosum L. 
1767. ‘‘Cuba occ. (Wrfight] 3454).’’ The type, in the Grisebach Herbarium, was col- 
lected by Charles Wright in western Cuba in 1863, and is numbered ‘‘900 = 3454.” 
It is the autumnal form. This species was also distributed by Wright under nos. 3453 
and 3461 in part.@ 

' Panicum fusiforme Hitche. Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 222.1909. Based on P. neu- 
ranthum ramosum Griseb., not P. ramosum L. 


DESCRIPTION. é 


Vernal form similar to that of P. angustifolium; culms 30 to 70 cm. high, the basal 
and lower blades narrower and at least the lowermost softly pubescent beneath, the 
longitudinal wrinkles obscure, the leaves more or less clustered toward the base of the 
culms, the panicles thus long-exserted; 
spikelets 3.3 to 3.5 mm. long, 1.4 to 1.5 
mm. wide, elliptic, long-attenuate at 
base; first glume two-fifths the length of 
the spikelet, usually obtuse, second 
elume and sterile lemma exceeding the 
fruit and somewhat beaked beyond it at 
maturity, the pubescence as in P. an-| 
gustifolium; fruit 2.5 mm. long, 1.4 to 
1.5 mm.wide, broadly elliptic, obscurely 
puberulent at the subacute apex. 

Autumnal culms erect or reclining, 
under favorable conditions formingdense, 

. i bushy clusters 30 to 60 cm. in height; 

Fic. 164.—P. fusiforme. From type specimen of blades soon involute, 3 to 5 cm. long; 

I ONES acct spikelets more turgid than those of the 
primary panicles, 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long, more pointed; fruit more turgid. 

Panicum fusiforme can be distinguished from P. angustifoliwm in the vernal state by 
the larger and more pointed spikelets and the soft pubescence on the lower surface of 


@ See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 222. 1909. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. hY3 


the narrower lower blades; in the autumnal state by the involute blades and dis- 
tinctly longer spikelets. In the autumnal state this species resembles P. arenicolordes, 
but has larger spikelets. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods, southern Georgia to Florida and Mississippi; also in Cuba. 


Grorata: Albany, Tracy 3614, 3635 in part. 

Fioripa: Lake City, Combs 136; De Funiak Springs, Combs 456; Monticello, 
Combs 298; Madison, Combs 231; Pensacola, Combs 516; Gainesville, Chase 
4248, Combs 731; Sanford, 
Hitchcock 786,791; Titusville, 
Chase 3991, 4021; Eustis, Nash 
1226, 1856; Orange Bend, Chase 
4105; Lake Harris, Chase 4119; 
Orange County, Combs 1037; 
Ormond, Hitchcock 114; Lafay- 
ette County, Combs 853, 899; 
Lakeland, Hitchcock 834, 837, 
850; Wiwauma, Hitchcock 980; 
Tampa, Combs 1340, 1343; 
Seminole, Tracy 7163; Bartow, Fig. 165.— Distribution of P. fusiforme. 
Combs 1241; Braidentown, 

Hitchcock 964; Manatee County, Tracy 6708, 6710 in part, 6713 in part, 6713a; 
Perico Island, Tracy 7371; Myers, Chase 4179, 4194, Hitchcock 877, 899, 912, 
923; Miami, Chase 3855, Hitchcock 627. 

AtaBama: Flomaton, Mitchcock 1054. 

Mississipri: Ocean Springs, Tracy in 1892. 

Cusa: Herradura, Caldwell & Baker 7139, Hitchcock 117, Tracy 9074; western 

*« Cuba, Wright 3453 in part, 3454 in part; Isle of Pines, Curtiss 406. 


96. Panicum arenicoloides Ashe. 


Panicum arenicoloides Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 89. 1900. ‘‘Shady 
sandy woods along the coast of North Carolina. Type material collected by me near 
Wilmington, N. C., June 6, 1899.” The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, consists of three 
vernal culms with involute blades and mature panicles; the spikelets are 2.4 mm. 
long. 

Panicum orthophyllum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 90.1900. ‘‘Shady 
slopes of sand hills, New Hanover County, N.C., June, 1899.’’ The type, in Ashe’s 
herbarium, consists of a small tuft of vernal culms 
beginning to branch, about 60 cm. high, the lower 
nodes geniculate. The primary panicles are mostly 
devoid of spikelets, the secondary nearly mature; 
the spikelets are 2.2 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form intermediate in appearance between 
Petre Meet sehios ayy Weorh that of P. angustifolium and P. aciculare, grayish 
type specimen. ereen, slender, mostly 30 to 50 cm. high; lower 
sheathsand blades softly villous; blades 7 to 12cm. 

long (the lower shorter), 3 to 4, rarely 5 mm. wide, tapering from the base to a more 
‘or less involute apex; panicles 4 to 6 cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, 
the lower branches ascending; spikelets 2.1 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, 
obovate, obtuse; first glume one-third the length of the spikelet, truncate or pointed; 
second glume and sterile lemma scarcely covering the fruit at maturity, papillose- 


174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


pubescent; fruit 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.2 wide, obscurely puberulent at the 
apex. 

Autumnal form bushy-branching, erect or topheavy, the blades involute; spikelets 
more turgid, the attenuate base in exceptional specimens elongated, lengthening the 
spikelet to as much as 2.8 mm. 

The vernal form of this species can be distinguished from P. aciculare by the larger 
spikelets and longer blades, from P. angustifolium by the smaller spikelets and the 
ascending branches of the panicle; the autumnal form is distinguished by the invo- 
lute blades, longer than those of P. aciculare. 

The following specimens have spikelets with lengthened bases: FLoripa: Eustis, 
Nash 598, 1486; Lake City, Chase 4281; Gainesville, Chase 4211. Mussrssrerr: Biloxi, 
Tracy 3632. An exceptional specimen, with beaked spikelets 2.9 mm. long, Chase 
4161, Myers, Florida, is doubtfully referred here. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods, mostly near the coast, from North Carolina to Florida, Arkansas, 
and Texas; also in Guatemala. 


Norte Carouna: Near Wilmington, Chase 3120, 3143, 3156, 4581, Hitchcock 350; 
Raleigh, Chase 30824. 

SoutH Carouina: St. Helena 
Island, Cuthberé in 1899; 
Orangeburg, Mitchcock 352; 
Isle of Palms, Hitchcock 351. 

GeoreiA: Millen, Harper 757. 

Fiorma: Duval County, Curtiss 
3583* in part, 3587* in part, 
4028; Lake City, Chase 4291, 
Combs 164, Hitchcock 1012; 
Monticello, Combs 300; Leon 
County, Curtiss B; Citrus 
County, Combs 1022; Mary 
Esther, Tracy 9144; Gaines- 
ville, Chase 4249; Ormond, Hitchcock 108. 

Mississrerr: Biloxi, Chase 4340, Hitchcock 1077, Kearney 215 in part. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 2522. 

Lourstana: Breton Island, Tracy 459, 459a; Lake Charles, Chase 4423; Tangi- 
pohoa, Cocks 3322. 

Texas: Houston, Eggert in 1899 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Between Gual4n and Copan, Pitter 1805b. 


Fig. 167.—Distribution of P. arenicoloides. 


97. Panicum ovinum Scribn. & Smith. 


P. redivivum Trin.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 262. 1841. This isa nomen nudum, 
and appears as P. redivivum “ Trin. mpt. Mexico.’’ The type, in the Berlin Herba- 
rium, was collected by Schiede at Hacienda de la Laguna, Mexico. 

Panicum ovinum Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 16: 3. 1899. 
“Type collected by F. W. Thurow, Waller County, Texas, May 25, 1898.”” The type 
specimen, in the National Herbarium, the vernal form, is glabrous except the ciliate 
basal portion of some of the lowermost blades. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with culms usually few in a cluster, erect or nearly so, glabrous, 30 to 
50 cm. high; sheaths glabrous or the lowermost appressed pubescent; blades erect or 
ascending, stiff, glabrous, the lower somewhat ciliate on the margin at base, the lower- 


EE = ee 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 175 


most ovate or lanceolate, as much as 1 cm. wide, those of the mid-culm, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, the uppermost shorter and narrower; panicles usually short- 

m exserted, 5 to 9 cm. long, three-fourths as wide or 
less, loosely flowered, the lower branches ascend- 
ing; spikelets 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. 
wide, obovate-elliptic, obtuse, basal attenuation. 
short; first glume about one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet, usually truncate; second glume and sterile 
lemma scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity, 
papillose-pubescent, sometimes minutely so; fruit 
1.8 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, oval, puberulent at 
the apex. 

Autumnal form erect or nearly so, the blades 
becoming loosely involute, not much shorter than the vernal blades; spikelets more 
turgid, sometimes slightly shorter than those of the primary panicle. 

Panicum ovinum in its vernal form differs from P. aciculare in being nearly smooth, 
and in having broader spikelets and 
larger, less exserted panicles, the upper- 
most blades being proportionately 
longer. 


Fic. 168.—P. ovinum. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry or moist open ground, Missis- 
sippi to Arkansas and eastern Texas; 
also in Mexico. In Texas this species 
occurs upon the open prairie, on dry 
ground, and also in swales. 

MississipPI: Ocean Springs, Tracy 
a. part; Biloxi, Hitchcock Fig. 169.—Distribution of P. ovinum. 

ARKANSAS: Jefferson County, Eggert in 1898 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Lourstana: Shreveport, Hitchcock 1250; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1131, 1141, 1150. 

Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1087; Waller County, Hitchcock 1172, 1192, 1210, 1222, 
Thurow in 1898 and 1906; Montgomery County, Thurow in 1905; Grand 
Saline, Reverchon 4137; Hempstead, Hall 834 (Gray Herb.); without locality, 
Nealley in 1884 and 1887, Reverchon 92 in 1879. 

Mexico: Hacienda de la Laguna, near Jalapa, Schiede (Berlin Herb.). 


98. Panicum neuranthum Griseb. 


Panicum neuranthum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. ‘‘Cuba or. (Wrfight] 3453); 
occ., in savanis pr. Hanabana (Wr[ight] a. 1865: forma ascendens, ramosa, foliis 
planis, spiculis ut in @).’’ The type specimen, in the Grisebach Herbarium, was 
collected by Charles Wright in eastern Cuba in 1860 and is numbered ‘‘103=3453.”’ 
This is the autumnal form. “Another specimen, the second one cited above, was col- 
lected in 1865 and is labeled ‘‘@ forma ascendens ramosa.’’ This specimen is P. 
chrysopsidifolium. 4 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with numerous cespitose, stiff, erect, glabrous culms, 30 to 60 cm. high; 
sheaths glabrous or ciliate on the margin and usually with a few long hairs at the 
summit, or the lowermost sparsely ascending-pubescent; blades erect or ascending, 


@See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12:183. 1909, fora discussion of Wright’s Cuba 
grasses. 


176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


glabrous or with a few ciliz toward the base, the short basal blades few or wanting, 
those of the middle culm usually 10 to 15 cm. (sometimes only 5 to 6 cm.) long, 3 to 5 
mm. wide; panicles finally long-exserted, 5 to 9 cm. long, narrow, the flexuous branches 
narrowly ascending, rarely loosely spreading, the branchlets appressed, the short- 
pediceled spikelets more or less secund along the 
branches; spikelets 2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, 
broadly obovate, blunt, the attenuation at base 
short; first glume about one-third the length of the 
spikelet, truncate or pointed; second glume and 
sterile lemma scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity, 
finely papillose-pubescent; fruit 1.8 mm. long, 1.1 
mm. wide, elliptic, puberulent at the subacute 
Fic. 170.—P. neuranthum. From ae 
type specimen. Autumnal form with erect, usually slender culms 
nearly as tall as the vernal form; blades involute 
but not stiff, not conspicuously shorter than the vernal blades, 4 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets more turgid, the fruit often slightly exceeding the second glume. 

Most nearly related to P. ovinum, from which the vernal form may be distinguished 
by the narrower, fewer-flowered panicles with subsecund, slightly smaller spikelets, 
by the usually taller culms, and by the absence of the comparatively broad basal blades 
which distinguish the latter; the au- 
tumnal form is much taller, with 
longer, less crowded blades. From 
P. aciculare this is distinguished by 
absence of pubescence, much longer 
blades, subsecund spikelets, and an 
erect autumnal form. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Savannas and open ground, southern 
Florida, and along the coast to Missis- Fig. 171.—Distribution of P. neuranthum. 
sipp1; also in the Bahamas and Cuba. 


Fioripa: Miami, Hitchcock, 109, 705, 710; Alligator Harbor, Tracy 7176; Sanibel 
Island, Simpson 298; Clearwater, Tracy 7166; Braidentown, Tracy 6711; 
without locality, Rugel 290. 

Mississippi: Petit Bois Island, Tracy 4567; Horn Island, Tracy 2859. 

BauHamas: New Providence, Britton & Brace 599 (Field Mus. Herb.). 

Cusa: Eastern Cuba, Wright 3453 in part. 


Bicknelliana.—Culms few to several in a tuft, glabrous or nearly so; sheaths glabrous 
or with a few hairs; ligules nearly obsolete; blades somewhat elongated, 
stiffly ascending or spreading, ciliate at base; panicles few-flowered, with 
7-nerved, long-peduncled spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long. Autumnal form 
sparingly branching from the upper or middle nodes. 

This group of two species is intermediate in habit between the Depauperata 
and Dichotoma; the blades are elongated as in the former but the vernal 
culms and the mode of branching are more like those of the latter. 


Spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, blades not over 9 mm. wide.... 99. P. bicknelli. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long, blades as much as 12 mm. wide........ 100. P. calliphyllum. 


ee 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 177 


99. Panicum bicknellii Nash. 


Panicum bicknellti Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 193. 1897. ‘‘The type specimens 
were collected by Mr+ Eugene P. Bicknell * * * in Bronx Park [N. Y.] on July 
21, 1895.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching form of the plant. 
The spikelets are sparsely pubescent. 

Panicum nemopanthum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:42. 1898. ‘‘Type - 
material collected by the writer April, 1895, in the Penitentiary woods, Raleigh, 
N.C.’ The type could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium, but a specimen from the 
type material labeled in Ashe’s handwriting is in the National Herbarium. This isa 
single vernal culm with an immature, partly included panicle; the spikelets are 
nearly or quite glabrous. 

Panicum bushu Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 568.1899. ‘‘Collected by B. F. Bush, 
in dry ground, in McDonald Co., Missouri, July 24, 1893 no. 413.”” The type in the 
Columbia University Herbarium consists of a small tuft of branching culms, the pri- 
mary panicles devoid of spikelets; most of the primary nodes sparsely lage. most of 
the secondary ones glabrous; the spikelets glabrous. 

Although the types of P. nemopanthum and of P. bushw have glabrous spikelets, 
later collections of the species in the Peniten- 
tiary woods, Raleigh (Ashe & Chase 3092) and 
from B. F. Bush have pubescent spikelets. 
These two types are exceptional specimens. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form bluish green; culms erect or as- 
cending, 30 to 50 cm. high, glabrous, or the low- 
ermost portion puberulent, nodes sparsely 

po. ial Hom type etrded ox laos seats glabrous or th 

specimen. ? 

blades stiffly ascending, or somewhat spreading, 

elongated, 8 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, the uppermost usually longest, narrowed 

toward the base, there usually ciliate with a few stiff hairs; panicles ovoid, 5 to 8cm. 

long, about two-thirds as wide, the branches ascending, bearing few long-pediceled 

spikelets, these 2.3 to 2.8 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.2 mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, sparsely 

pubescent or rarely glabrous; first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, 

subacute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 
2 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form erect, branching from the middle nodes, forming a loose, bushy 
crown of stiffly ascending blades not much reduced and overtopping the narrow, 
few-flowered panicles. 

The long upper blades in this species 
are noticeable. Vernal specimenssome- 
times resemble P. wernert. 

One specimen, Bush 3246, has pilose 
sheaths and scattered long hairs on the 
blades. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry, sterile or rocky woods, Connect- 
icut to Georgia and Missouri: 


Connecticut: Norwich, Graves 15 
in 1899. 

New Yor«: Bronx Park, Bicknell 
in 1895; Cedarhurst, Bicknell in 1903; Rockville Center, Bicknell in 1906; 
Woodmere, Bicknell in 1904; Rockport, Bicknell 1905. 


41616°—vo1t 15—10——12 


Fig. 173.—Distribution of P. bicknellii. 


178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


PENNSYLVANIA: Chambersburg, Porter in 1896, 1897, and 1898; Westchester, 
Windle in 1904. 

Ouro: Vinton, Kellerman 6887. 

Missourtr: McDonald County, Bush 413; Eagle Rock, Bush 3246. 

Maryianp: Plummers Island, Hitchcock 118, Steele in 1897; Great Falls, Chase 
3783; West Chevy Chase, Chase 24774, 5416. 

District oF CotuMBiA: Hitchcock 353. 

NorrH Carotina: Raleigh, Ashe in 1895, Ashe & Chase 3092. 

GrorGIA: Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 201. 


100. Panicum calliphyllum Ashe. 


Panicum calliphyllum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 31. 1898. ‘‘Type ma- 
terial collected by the writer at Watkins, Lake Seneca, N. Y., Aug. 1898.” The type 
could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In the National Herbarium is a specimen 
collected by Ashe ‘‘Near Ithaca, N. Y.,’’ which Mr. Ashe has stated orally is from 
the published locality and is a duplicate type. 
This specimen consists of two vernal culms, lack- 
ing basal leaves. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form yellowish green; culms erect, 35 

to 50 cm. high, glabrous, the nodes sparsely vil- 

lous; sheaths glabrous, or the lowermost sparingly 

pubescent, ciliate on the margin; blades ascend- 

ing, flat, 8 to 12 cm. long, 9 to 12 mm. wide, gla- 

- brous, ciliate at the rounded base; panicles few- 

Fig. 174.—P. calliphyllum. From flowered, 7 to 9 cm. long, half as wide or less, with 
type specimen. , : : : 

a few ascending branches; spikelets mostly long- 
pediceled, 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, sparsely pubescent; first glume 
about one-third the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equaling 
the fruit at maturity; fruit 2.3 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form sparingly branching from the middle nodes, the branches about as 
long as the internodes, erect; blades not greatly reduced; panicles narrow, partly 
included. 

This little known species has been referred @ to P. xanthophysum, to small specimens 
of which the above-mentioned dupli- 
cate type bears some superficial re- 
semblance. The species is closely 
related to P. bicknellii. But three 
specimens have been seen, on none ol Ges poets 
which is the habitat given. erie 


le-- > 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. 


Massacuusetts: Mediord, Perkins 
in 1881 (N. E. Bot. Club 
Herb.). 

New York: Near Ithaca, Ashe in 1898. 

Ounto: Painesville, Hacker in 1901. 


Fia. 175.—Distribution of P. calliphyllum. 


@ Merrill, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 595. 1900. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 179 


Nudicaulia.—The following species does not seem to be closely allied with any other, 
and hence is placed tentatively in a group by itself. So far as the technical 
characters are concerned it might be placed in the group Dichotoma, but it 
differs from any of the species of that group in the narrow, enveloping base of 
the blades, and the nearly naked culms. When the autumnal form is known 
the affinity of the species may be shown. 


101. Panicum nudicaule Vasey. 


Panicum nudicaule Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31. 1889. ‘‘Swamps, 
Santa Rosa County, Fla. (A. H. Curtiss.)” The type, in the National Herbarium, 
is the vernal form. It was collected in ‘‘Swamps, 
Santa Rosa County, N. W. Florida,’’ in May [1886] 
by A. H. Curtiss (no. 3583*). 


DESCRIPTION. | 


Vernal culms erect from a somewhat spreading 
base, 40 to 60 cm. high, glabrous, the lower internodes. 
short, the two upper much elongated, thus producing 
the effect of a long, nearly leafless stem; nodes gla- 
brous, only the upper two visible; sheaths glabrous 
or the overlapping basal ones sometimes sparsely 
pubescent; ligules ciliate, less than 0.5 mm. long; 
blades erect, rather thick, 4 to 10 cm. or some of the 
lower as much as 13 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide (the uppermost more or less reduced), 
nearly linear, abruptly pointed, slightly narrowed and somewhat enveloping the 
culm at base, glabrous; panicles long-exserted, 4 to 7 cm. long, hardly as wide, few- 
flowered, fhe branches ascending; § spikelets 2.7 to 2.9 mm. long, 1 to1.2 mm. wide, 
narrowly ovate, acuminate, glabrous; 
first glume one-fourth to one-third as 
long as the spikelet, usually pointed; 
second glume and sterile lemma 7- 
nerved, exceeding the fruitand pointed 
beyond it; fruit 2 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, elliptic, acute. 

Autumnal form unknown. 


Fic. 176.—P. nudicaule. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Swamps, western Florida and south- 
ern Alabama. 
Froripa: Blackwater River 
Swamp, Santa Rosa County, Curtiss, B, 3583*. 
ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8431, 8432. 


Fig. 177.— Distribution of P. nudicaule. 


Dichotoma. —Culms few to many in a tuft, glabrous, or the nodes only pubescent; 
sheaths glabrous, or the lower sometimes pubescent, never conspicuously 
hirsute; ligules ciliate, 0.7 mm. long or less; blades lanceolate, rarely as 
much as 1 cm. wide, mostly glabrous; Skates usually open; spikelets 
elliptical, not turgid (except in P. roanokense and P. caerulescens), 1.5 to 2.5 
mm. long; second glume and sterile lemma 5 to 7-nerved. Autumnal form 
usually freely branching, erect, reclining, or prostrate, secondary leaves and 
panicles much reduced. 


180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Nodes, at least the lower, bearded. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, glabrous (occasional in- 


dividuals with pubescent spikelets).........-...... 102. 


Spikelets 2 mm. or more long. 
Spikelets glabrous, 2 mm. long; autumnal form top- 


heavy-reclinime .) 2.5) eee eee ee een 110. 


Spikelets pubescent. 
Blades all velvety; autumnal form sparingly 


bream Ce ioc ae ee 2k re 105. 


Blades glabrous, or only the lower pubescent or 
velvety; autumnal form freely branching. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long; autumnal form pro- 
fusely branching. 
Fruits slightly exposed at maturity; 
upper sheaths  viscid-spotted; 


autumnal form erect or reclining. .103. 


Fruits covered at maturity; sheaths not 
viscid - spotted; autumnal form 
decumbent, with  flabellate - 


fascicled branches; Mexican...-. 104. 


Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more long; autumnal 
form less profusely branching. 


Sheaths and upper nodes glabrous. ..... 107. 
Lower sheaths and all nodes pubescent. - 106. 


Nodes not bearded. 
Spikelets pubescent. 
Culms erect, never becoming vine-like. 
Primary blades spreading; panicles purplish; 


irust exposed at SUMININt oats yee ee 107. 


Primary blades erect; panicles green; fruit cov- 
ered (wood forms with spreading blades 
may be distinguished from P. dichotomum 


by pubescent spikelets, 2.2 mm. long). - . .108. 


Culms soon prostrate, vine-like; branches divaricate. 
Plants bright green, culms lax; spikelets not 


OVER Ze) mm MLO eT: oo) esas rae eae ae 114. 


Plants grayish green, culms stiff; spikelets 2.5 


Spikelets glabrous. 
Culms soon prostrate. 
Plants bright green, culms lax; spikelets not 


over 2 semi , long 27 52 Bare pera are ae 114. 


Plants grayish green, culms stiff; spikelets 2.5 


Culms erect, or the autumnal form topheavy, never 
prostrate. 
Spikelets not over 1.6 mm. long; panicles nar- 


row; plants glaucous bluish green..-....-.. 113. 


Spikelets 2 mm. or more long; panicles open. 
Blades erect, firm; spikelets turgid, strongly 


nerved; plants grayish olive green. ...112. 


Blades spreading; spikelets not turgid. 


P. microcarpon. 
P. barbulatum. 


P. annulum. 


P. nitidum. 


P.multirameum. 


P. clutet. 
P. mattamuskeet- 
ense. 


P., clutet. 


P. boreale. 


P. lucidum. 


P. sphagnicola. 


P. lucidum. 


P. sphagnicola. 


P. caerulescens. 


P. roanokense. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 181 


Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more long, pointed; 
sheaths bearing pale glandular 

A SOOtSS ot ly Bie tb oud aaron ee ae lll. P. yadkinense. 
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, not 

pointed. 

Autumnal form erect, branched 
like a little tree; primary 
blades rarely over 5mm. wide; 
second glume shorter than 

fruit and sterile lemma. ...-- 109. P. dichotomum. 
Autumnal form topheavy-reclining; 
primary blades 6 to 10 mm. 
wide; second glume equaling 

fruit and sterile lemma....-. 110. P. barbulatum. 


€& 


102. Panicum microcarpon Muhl. 


Panicum microcarpon Muhl.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 127.1816. No locality is 
cited. The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of a single culm, lacking the 
base, with five leaves and an immature panicle, slightly included at the base. The 
accompanying label reads: ‘‘Panicum microcarpon. barbulat: var.? Hab. Georg: 
Dr. Baldwin.’”’ As shown by his description and the above-mentioned type, Elliott 
misunderstood Muhlenberg’s application of this name and attached it to a different 
species, though giving Muhlenberg as author. Muhlenberg’s later publication of the 
name @ for a different species ® is thus invalidated. 

Panicum nitidum ramulosum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid.-.U. 8S. 146. 1824. ‘‘Near 
Quaker-Bridge, New-Jersey.’’ The type, in the Torrey Herbarium, is a sparingly 
branched, vernal culm, with nearly mature terminal panicle. The label reads: 
“Panicum nitidum var. [2 is ramulosum] collected in swamps in the pine barrens 
of New Jersey, near Quaker Bridge, June, 1818.”’ 

2Panicum nitidum barbatum ‘Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. S. 146. 1824. ‘‘In 
woods and meadows.’’ The type could not be found in the Torrey Herbarium. The 
description seems to apply to the vernal form of P. microcarpon, or possibly to P. 
barbulatum. 

This species is the one described by Muhlenberg ¢ under the name of P. discolor 
Spreng., as shown by a specimen so labeled in the Muhlenberg Herbarium. Panicum 
heterophyllum Schreb. is here cited as a synonym, erroneously, as Schreber did not 
publish this name. P. heterophy yllum Muhl.d is a nomen nudum. 

Panicum microcarpon Muhl. is the species described as P. barbulatum by American 
authors, which proves to be not P. barbulatum Michx. 


. DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose; culms erect, or sometimes geniculate at base, 30 or usually 
60 to 100 cm. high, the nodes densely bearded with reflexed hairs; sheaths glabrous, 
or the lowermost pubescent, often mottled with white spots between the nerves, 
ciliate on the margin; blades thin, spreading, the upper often reflexed, 10 to 12 cm. 
long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, narrowed toward the base, glabrous, more or less papillose- 
ciliate at base; panicles finally long-exserted, many-flowered, ovate in outline, 8 to 
12 cm. long, the branches ascending; spikelets 1.6 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, 


‘@ Descr. Gram. 111. 1817. 

b See P. microcarpon Muhl. under P. polyanthes, page 255. 
¢ Descr. Gram. 114. 1817. 

@ Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3:160. 1793. 


182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


glabrous, or rarely minutely pubescent; first glume one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet or less; second glume a little shorter than the sterile lemma and slightly 
exposing the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, 
slightly pointed. 

Autumnal form much branched from all the nodes, reclining from the weight of 
the dense mass of branches; blades reduced, flat, mostly 2 to 
4cm.long; the ciliz of the sheaths and the hairs at the base 
of the blades relatively more conspicuous; panicles much 
reduced and loosely flowered; the tufted basal blades often 
large, sometimes as much as 8 cm. long and 15 mm. wide. 

The following specimens have pubescent spikelets, but 

differ in no other respect from the typical form: Massa- 

oo le ‘ Be cHusETTs: Bartlett 844; Connecticut: Bissell 5570; NEw 

canes ae ee Jersey: Heritage 4; Pennsynvania: Smith 102; Inuno1s: 

Schneck in 1880; DELAWARE: Canby 15; District or CoLumM- 

BIA: Pollard 408, Vasey in 1884; NortH Carouina: Biltmore Herb. 803a, Chase 3204; 

GeoreiaA: Ruth 57; Fuoriwwa: Curtiss, P.Q.; ALABAMA: Carver 40, Hitchcock 13438; 

Mississippi: Tracy 1733, 3388,¢ 3623; ARKANSAS: Heller 4237. The last specimen is 
also exceptional in being pubescent throughout. 

Curtiss’s no. 6648, McClenny, Florida, with glabrous spikelets as much as 1.8 mm. 
long, seems to be intermediate between P. microcarpon and P. nitidum. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet woods and swampy places, Massachusetts to Illinois, and south to northern 
Florida and eastern Texas. 


MassacHuseEtts: Milton, Bartlett 844. 

Connecticut: New Haven, Bissell 5566; Groton, Bissell 5569; Stratford, Bissell 
5071; Milford, Bissell 5570. 

RuHopE Istanp: Providence, Collins in 1891 (Gray Herb.). 

New York: Eastern New York, Austin (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 1484, 2161; Morris Plains, Mackenzie 1605; 
Haworth, Mackenzie 2476; 
Wildwood, Chase 3516, Heri- 
tage 4, 4’; Clifton, Nash in 
1892. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, 
Heller 4770 in part, 4787, Small 
in 1889; Philadelphia, Smith 
102. 

Onto: Albion, Ashcroft in 1897; 
Jackson, Kellerman 6778. 

InDIANA: Brazil, Somes 232. 

Intinors: Peoria, Brendel; Mount Fig. 179.—Distribution of P. microcarpon. 
Carmel, Schneck in 1880. 

Missouri: Butler County, Eggert 236; Campbell, Bush 747 in part; Dunklin 
County, Hggert 287. 

DELAWARE: Milton, Commons 346, 347; Centerville, Commons 285; Townsend, 
Canby 15. 

MaRYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, Chase 3253, 3262; Hitchcock 1606, 1611; Belts- 
ville, Chase 3767, 3831; Riverdale, Chase 2367, 2370. 

District or Cotumsia: Ball 704, Chase 5419, in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 550, 
Hitchcock 370, 596, Merrill 197, Pollard 362, 406, 408, Vasey in 1884. 


a Tracy’s no. 3388 was erroneously cited under Panicum subbarbulatum Scribn. & 
Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 29: 9. 1901. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 183 


Virernta: Vicinity of Norfolk, Kearney 1307, Mackenzie? 1686, Noyes 93; Dismal 
Swamp, Chase 3668; Smyth County, Small in 1892. 

West VirGIniA: Baileysville, Morris 1193; Peeryville, Morris 1139. 

Norra Carona: Hyde County, Chase 3204, 32103; Onslow County, Chase 3187, 
3190; Chapel Hill, Chase 30613; Rowan County, Smal/ in 1894; Biltmore, 
Biltmore Herb. 803a. 

Sour Carona: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1393, 1411, 1419. 

GroraiA: Clarke County, Harper 74; Stone Mountain, Hggert 89; Thomson, Bart- 
lett 1081, 1457; Whitfield County, Harper 281, Wilson 125, 137; Gwinnett 
County, Small in 1893; Lookout Mountain, Ruth 57, 64; Augusta, Cuthbert 
1161; Warm Springs, Tracy 8865; Leslie, Harper 1105; Rabun County, Small 
in 1893. 

Fioripa: Tallahassee, Combs 391, Kearney 88, Nash 2522; Lake City, Combs 173; 
Madison, Combs 255, 256; Orange County, Combs 1140. 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 50. 

TENNESSEE: Polk County, Kearney 326 in part; Cocke County, Kearney 967; 
Carroll County, Eggert 78. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1892; Jackson County, Chase 4482; Tuskegee, Carver 
16, 40; Cullman County, Eggert 15; Auburn, Hitchcock 1343. 

Mississirr1: Biloxi, Tracy 1733, 3623, 3624, 3761, 4609 in part, 7018; Wahalak, 
Tracy 3224; Coopolis, Tracy 4595; Fairport, Tracy 3207; Centerville, Tracy 
3618; Macon, Tracy 3225; Saratoga, Tracy 8417; Starkville, Phares 3623; 
Morrisonville, Tracy 3388. 

ArKansas: Little Rock, Coville in 1887; northwest Arkansas, Harvey 4, Tex- 
arkana, Heller 4237. 

Louisiana: Plaquemines Parish, Langlois 40a, 40b; Lake Charles, Chase 4426, 
Hitchcock 1149; Calhoun, Baill 51. 

Texas: Big Sandy, Reverchon 4194; Texarkana, Heller 4088; Rockland, Nealley 
36; Waller County, Thurow 18. 


108. Panicum nitidum Lam. 


Panicum nitidum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172.1791. ‘‘E Carolina. com. D. fraser.’’ 
The type,® in the Lamarck Herbarium, consists of a panicle and the uppermost 
joint of the culm with its leaf, the blade reflexed, the node sparsely clothed with 
reflexed hairs. This specimen does not belong to any of the species to which the 
name P. nitidum has been applied by American authors. 

Panicum nodiflorum Lam. Encycl. 4: 744.1798. Lamarck states as to the origin 
of his specimen, ‘‘J’en posséde un exemplaire recueilli par M. Fraser dans la Caroline. 
Le citoyen Michaux 1’a trouvée dans la Basse-Caroline.’’ The type, in the Lamarck 
Herbarium, is a fragment of an autumnal culm with two nodes, at each of which is 
a fascicle of branchlets with reduced leaves but devoid of spikelets. It is from 
‘*Caroline.”’ . . 

Panicum dichotomum nitidum Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 1861. This is presum- 
ably based on P. nitidum Lam., though no synonym nor locality is cited. The short 
description seems to apply best to P. lindheimert Nash. 

Panicum subbarbulatum Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 29: 
9.1901. Based on ‘‘( Panicum barbulatum of Ell. Sk. Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 1: 127. 1817, 
not Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 49. 1803.)”’ ‘‘The type of the species in the herbarium 
of Elliott” consists of three vernal culms lacking the base. 


a4 For a full discussion see Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 148. 1908. 


184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose; culms erect or somewhat spreading at base, rather stout, 
usually 30 to 60 cm. high, or sometimes as much as 1 meter high, the nodes bearded 
with reflexed hairs; seaths glabrous, or the lower pubescent, ciliate on the margin, 
more or less mottled or glandular, especially the upper at anthesis; blades firm, 
glabrous, sometimes sparsely ciliate at the base, 5 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
the lower ascending, the upper usually reflexed; panicles ovoid, 5 to 8 cm. long, 
nearly as wide, rather densely flowered, the axis 
and ascending branches viscid-spotted; spikelets 
elliptic, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; first glume less 
than one-third the length of the spikelet, pointed; 
second glume and sterile lemma subequal, the 
slightly shorter glume scarcely covering the iruit at 
maturity; fruit elliptic 1.7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
subobtuse. 

Tel ashe ecient Autumnal form erect or more or less reclining from 

specimen. the weight of the foliage, the branchlets and foliage 

forming large clusters from the nodes of the vernal 

culm; reduced blades numerous, 1 to 3 cm. long, 1 to3 mm. wide, flat or soon becoming 
involute; panicles mostly reduced to a few long-pediceled spikelets. 

This species has been confused with Panicum microcarpon, from which it is distin- 
guished by the pubescent spikelets, 2 mm. long, and by the erect autumnal form 
with involute blades. The viscid spots on the sheaths are often conspicuous. 

Two specimens, Hitchcock 1420 and 1421, while showing all the other characters 
of this species have glabrous spikelets, but they are fully 2 mm. long. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low moist or marshy ground from Virginia to Florida and along the coast to Texas; 
also in the Bahamas. 


Missovurt: Carter County, Eggert 288. 

VirGINIA: Virginia Beach, Hitchcock 119. 

Nort CAROLINA: Scranton, Chase 3200. 

Sout Carona: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 4, 15, 1376, 1389, 1392, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423. 

GxroraiA: Thomson, Bartlett 1173, 
145620 

FioripAa: Milton, Chase 4307, 4321; 
Madison County, Combs 266; 
Citrus County, Combs 979, 
1008; Lake County, Chase 
4091, Hitchcock 814, Nash 376; 
Sanford, Chase 4132, Hitchcock 
774; Titusville, Chase 3990, 
4005, 4017; Myers, Hitchcock 
898, 908, Lee Co. Pl. 478, 479; 
Miami, Hitchcock 718, Tracy 
8850; Homestead, Hitchcock 
687; Captiva Island, Tracy 7199; Sumter County, Curtiss 3600A in part@; 
Duval County, Curtiss 3600A in part; Sanibel Island, Tracy 7170; Braiden- 
town, Hitchcock 961. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Hitchcock 1081, Tracy 2031, 4591, 4609 in part; Macon, 
Tracy 3228. 


Fig. 181.—Distribution of P. nitidum. 


a The specimen of this number in the Gray Herbarium consists of P. nitidum and 
P.. equilaterale. 


* 
j 
; 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 185 


Lourstana: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1128, 1143, 1148, 1153, 1154. 

Texas: Hempstead, Hall 834 in part. 

Banamas: Great Bahama, Britton & Millspaugh 2518, 2736, Brace 3697 (all in 
Field Mus. Herb.). 


104. Panicum multirameum Scribn. 


Panicum multirameum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circe. 19: 2. 1900. 
‘Gravelly hills near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, altitude 1,250 m. (4000 feet). C.G. 
Pringle 7882, 1889. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, February 17, Jared G. Smith, No. 
593, 1892.’’ The type, Pringle 7882, in Hitchcock’s herbarium, is the autumnal 
form with decumbent culms and numerous ascending branches, with a few vernal 


culms still attached. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms erect or soon decumbent, 30 to 60 cm. high, nodes villous-bearded; 
sheaths strongly ciliate on the margin, especially at the summit, the upper glabrous, 
the lowermost more or less villous; blades rather thick, 3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide, glabrous, or rarely puberulent, somewhat ciliate around the base, obscurely 
white-margined; panicles ovoid, 3 to 6 cm. long, about 
three-fourths as wide, the branches ascending; spikelets 
2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, finely pubescent; 
first glume one-third the length of the spikelet; second 
glume and sterile lemma equal and just covering the 
fruit at maturity; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, 
rather abruptly subacute. 

Autumnal form decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, 
flabellately branching before the maturity of the primary 
panicle, the branchlets in close, appressed clusters at 
the ends of the secondary branches; blades reduced, flat or somewhat rolled, appressed ; 
panicles reduced to a few spreading branches or long-pediceled spikelets. 

None of the specimens examined shows a basal rosette of leaves. In technical 
characters this species is allied to P. nitidum but differs in the decumbent, flabel- 
lately-branched autumnal form. 


Fic.182.—P. multirameum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry hills and gravelly banks, southern Mexico. 


Mexico: Jalapa, Pringle 7882, 8339,¢ 9209, 9210; Orizaba, J. G. Smith 593, 
Bourgeau 2383 in part (all in Hitchcock’s herbarium except Pringle 8339); 
Bottert 703 in part (Gray Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Coban, Tuerckheim 56 in part (Gray Herb.). 


105. Panicum annulum Ashe. 


Panicum annulum Ashe} Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 58.1898. ‘‘Dry rocky 
woods. Maryland to North Carolina and Georgia. Near Washington, D. C. Ward 
1892,’ is the first specimen cited, and is taken as the type. This is in the National 
Herbarium and consists of three vernal culms with mature panicles. The year of 
collection is 1882 instead of 1892. 

Panicum bogueanum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 85.) 1900. Based on 
““P. annulum Ashe, not P. annulatum A. Rich.’’ 1851. 


aThree species were distributed under this number: National Herbarium no. 
381990 is P. multirameum; P. sphaerocarpon is mixed with this species in the specimen 
of this number in Hitchcock’s herbarium; National Herbarium no. 823271 is P. 
olivaceum. 


186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form usually purplish, in small clumps or solitary; culms 35 to 60 em. high, 
the nodes densely bearded; sheaths shorter than the internodes, velvety-pubescent 
or the upper nearly glabrous; blades 6 to 12 cm. 
long, 7 to 13 mm. wide, densely velvety-pubescent 
on both surfaces, the margin ciliate toward the base; 
panicles 6 to 8 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, 
rather numerously flowered, the flexuous branches 
ascending or later spreading; spikelets 2 mm. long, 
0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, blunt; first glume one-fourth 
to one-third the length of the spikelet, obtuse; 
second glume and sterile lemma pubescent, the 
glume slighty shorter; fruit 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 0.9 
mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect, bearing in late summer a few short, erect branches at the 
upper nodes; soon dying to the ground. 


Fig. 183.—P. annulum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry woods, New Jersey to Georgia, and west to Mississippi; also in Missouri; rare. 


New Jersey: Milburn, Mackenzie 2138. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Chester County, Pennell 999, Windle 7; Delaware County, Pen- 
nell 621, 642, 727, 1184. 

Missouri: Hunter, Eggert in 1893 
(Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

MaryLAND: West Chevy Chase, 
Chase 2947, 3809, 5420. 

District oF CoLumsBia: Woodley 
Park, Ward in 1882. 

Vireinia: Great Falls, Chase 
3708. 

NortH Carouina: Chapel Hill, 
Ashe in 1898. 

GeorciA: Augusta, Cuthberé 431. 

AtaBAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1897; 
Auburn, Earle & Baker 1544 (Ala. Polyt. Inst. Herb.). 

Mississippr: Starkville, Tracy in 1888. 


Fig. 184.—Distribution of P. annulum. 


106. Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe. 


Panicum mattamuske[eltense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:45. 1898. 
‘‘Roadsides, ditch banks, and wet open woods around Lake Mattamuskeet, N. C. 
* * * (Collected by the writer, and Mr. Gilbert Pearson in June, 1898.” The type 
could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In the National Herbarium is a specimen 
labeled ‘‘Panicum Mattamusketense Ashe, Lake Mattamuskeet” in Ashe’s hand- 
writing, collected ‘‘June 10-July 6, 1898,’”’ by ‘‘W. W. Ashe,’”’ evidently a duplicate 
type. This is a single vernal culm nearly 80 cm. high, with a mature panicle, and 
agrees in all respects with the description except that the spikelets are described as 
glabrous, while those of the specimen are pubescent. The two lower sheaths and 
lowest blade are velvety pilose; the spikelets are 2.3 mm. long. A second duplicate 
type in Biltmore Herbarium is a better and more characteristic specimen. 

Panicum flecuosum Muhl.; Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 
27: 3.1900, not Retz. 1791. This herbarium name of Muhlenberg is listed and 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 187 


referred to P. mattamuskeetense Ashe. The species was described by Muhlenberg @ 
immediately Me Panicum discolor Spreng., under the heading, ‘‘Co-species vel 
varietas major.’’ Thetype, in the Muhlenberg Herbarium, is somewhat fragmentary, 
consisting of a single culm broken into three pieces, but is evidently the same as P. 
mattamuskeetense. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in clumps of few to several culms, olivaceous, usually strongly tinged 
with deep purple; culms stout, erect or subgeniculate at base, the nodes bearded or 
the upper puberulent only; sheaths less than half the length of the internodes, pilose 
on the margin, a puberulent ring at the summit, the auricles pilose, the lower sheaths 
velvety-pilose, the upper glabrous; ligule dense, 0.7 mm. long; blades horizontally 
spreading, 8 to 12 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide (basal blades much shorter), acuminate, 
narrowed toward the base, the lower velvety, the upper glabrous, on both surfaces; 
panicles long-exserted at maturity, 8 to 10 mm., rarely 12 mm. long, about three- 
fourths as wide, many-flowered, the flexuous 
branches spreading, short spikelet-bearing branch- 
lets in the axils; spikelets 2.3 to2.5mm. long (rarely 
2.7 mm. long), 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, pointed be- 
fore maturity, pubescent; first glume about one- 
third the length of the spikelet, subacute; second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, barely cover- 
ing the fruit at maturity; fruit 2mm. long, 1 mm. 

wide, elliptic. 
ee Sj Be erin Autumnal form erect or becoming somewhat 
co ee decumbent, branching rather sparingly from the 
middle nodes after the maturity of the primary 
panicles, the branches rather appressed, the reduced crowded blades ascending. 

The spikelets at maturity are more turgid, shorter, and more obtuse than when 
immature, the swelling of the ripened fruit shortening the spikelet in length. In 
Chase 3744 the spikelets are 2.7 mm. long, while in Chase 3791 from the same place 
three weeks later the mature spikelets 
are but 2.4 mm. long, and in Chase 
3793, of the same date as the latter, 
they are but 2.1 mm. long; the fruits, 
however, are of the same size, 2 mm. 
long, the difference in length being 
due to a varying length of the second 
glume and sterile lemma. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low moist ground, New York to Fia. 186.—Distribution of P. mattamuskectense. 
North Carolina. 


» New York: penahiaads Bicknell in 1903; Woodmere, Bicknell in 1902; Hewletts, 
Bicknell in 1905; Far Rockaway, iaelis in 1902. 
New Jersey: Anglesea, Brown in 1897 (Phila. Acad. Herb.). 
MaRYLAND: Beltsville, Chase 3744, 37444, 3791, 3793, 3826, 3829; Vienna, Novik 
182. 
Norts Caroiina: Lake Mattamuskeet, Ashe in 1898; Wilsons Mills, Chase 3099; 
Wilmington, Hitchcock 354, 1455; Roanoke Fede Chase 3232. 


@ Deser. Gram. 115. 1817. 


188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


107. Panicum clutei Nash. 


Panicum clutei Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 569. 1899. ‘‘Pine-barrens of southern 
New Jersey. Collected by Mr. W. N. Clute * * * ona trip from Tuckerton to 
Atsion, July 3-6, 1899.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of three stout 
culms with mature panicles. The lowermost nodes are sparsely bearded, the upper 
glabrous, the lowermost sheaths sparsely soft-pilose as in the type of P. mattamus- 
keetense. The blades are puberulent or pilose on the auricles and the dense ligule is 
0.5 mm. long. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar in color, size, and habit to P. mattamuskeetense, but more nearly 
glabrous, only the lowermost nodes, sheaths, and blades velvety, the puberulent 
ring at the summit of the sheath less dense or wanting; paniclessimilar, on the average 
smaller; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
indistinguishable from the smaller spikelets of P. 
mattamuskeetense; fruit the same size and shape. 

Autumnal form stiffly erect, branching from the 
lower and middle nodes before the maturity of the 
primary panicles, the earlier branches nearly equal- 
ing the primary culms, the later branches shorter, 
somewhat crowded, the reduced blades spreading. 

Te 7p euinibr a Reun Eae This form is but doubtfully distinguished from P. 

specimen: mattamuskeetense. 'The division is here made on the 
nearly glabrous character of P. clutei, and spikelets 
not over 2.3 mm. long, but a few of the specimens are about as referable to one species as 
to the other. One specimen, Chase 3590, has the smaller panicles and more numerous 
branches of P. clutei, but the two or three lower sheaths and blades are velvety, 
while Chase 3793 has spikelets but 2.1 mm. long and upper nodes puberulent only, but 
is densely velvety below. The latter specimen is referred to P. mattamuskeetense 
because its vernal form (Chase 37444) 
is more like the type of P. matia- 
muskeetense than like that of P. clutet. 
One specimen, Chase 3242, has glabrous 
spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low moist ground and cranberry 
bogs, Massachusetts to North Carolina. 
MASSACHUSETTS: Framingham, 
Smith 732; West Falmouth, 
Churchill in 1894 (Hitchcock Fic. 188.—Distribution of P. clutei. 
Herb.). 

New York: Riverhead, Young in 1874 (Field Mus. Herb.). 

New Jersey: Burlington County, Clute in 1899; Toms River, Bicknell in 1900; 
Manchester, Chickering in 1877; Atsion, Chase 3545, 3553; Forked River, 
Chase 3590; Tuckerton, Chase 3598. 

DELAWARE: Ellendale, Commons 345. e 

District oF CoLumBIA: Kenilworth Swamp, Steele in 1899. 

VirGinia: Bedford County, Curtiss in 1871 (Gray Herb.). 

Norts Carouina: Roanoke Island, Chase 3242. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 189 
108. Panicum boreale Nash. 


Panicum boreale Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421. 1895. ‘‘Moist soil, New- 
foundland and Ontario to New York, Vermont and Minnesota. This plant was first 
noted by the writer in 1893 in the Catskill Mts., near Cairo, N. Y.’’ The type in 
Nash’s herbarium consists of several vernal culms with nearly mature panicles; the 
lower sheaths sparsely papillose-pubescent at least toward the summit, the lower and 
middle nodes bear a few reflexed hairs. The label reads: ‘‘ Panicum boreale Nash., 
n.sp. Moist soil, Cairo, Greene Co., N. Y. Alt. 1400 ft. Coll: Geo. V. Nash, June 
28, 1893.” 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose, the culms erect, or in shaded places sometimés decumbent 
at base, usually 30 to 50 cm. high, the nodes glabrous or sometimes with a few hairs; 
sheaths often overlapping, ciliate on the margin, glabrous, or the lower sparsely 
pubescent; blades erect, or in laxer forms spreading, sparsely ciliate at the rounded 
base, otherwise glabrous, 6 to 12 cm. long, 7 to 12 mm. wide; panicles loosely rather few- 
flowered, 5 to 10 cm. long, hardly as wide, the branches ascending or spreading; 
spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
subacute, pubescent; first glume one-third as long as 
the spikelet or less; second glume and sterile lemma 
subequal, the glume scarcely as long as the fruit at 
maturity; fruit 1.9 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
subacute. . 

Autumnal form erect, sparingly branched from all 
the nodes in late summer, the branches erect, the 
leaves and panicles not greatly reduced. 

A weak form with geniculate base and lax spread- 
ing blades occurs in Maine, and is represented by 
Fernald 512 and 516, and Chase 3355. One specimen, Chase 3437, is unusual in having 
blades that are puberulent beneath. Two specimens from northern Indiana, Bebb 
2030 and 2831, and a specimen from Wisconsin, Cheney 2100, have stouter culms 
and more compact and more numerously flowered panicles. A specimen from De- 
troit, Mich., Farwell 1425, is referred to this species doubtfully because of the > 
pubescence on the back of the joint between the blade and the sheath and because 
of the sparse papillose-pubescence on the under suriace of the blades and on some 
of the sheaths. It resembles P. mattamuskeetense in habit, but the nodes are 
glabrous and it is far out of the range of that species. A specimen from Rockville 
Center, Long Island, Bicknell in 1903, is doubtfully referred here. 


Fic. 189.—P. boreale. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist open ground or woods, Newfoundland to New Jersey and west to northern 
Indiana and Minnesota. 


_ NEWFOUNDLAND: Exploits River, Robinson & Schrenk 222. 

Nova Scotia: Windsor, Macoun 29349; without locality, Burgess 16. 

New Brunswick: Fredericton, Fowler in 1892; Miramichi, Fowler in 1892. 

QueEBEc: Montmorenci Falls, Macoun 69204 (Gray Herb.). 

Marne: Dover, Fernald 239, 514; Orono, Fernald 513, 516, 517; Holden, Knight 
60, 61; North Berwick, Parlin 1029, 1187; Brownsville, Parlin 1701, 1738, 
1744; Canton, Parlin 2018, 2034; St. Francis, Fernald 505, Knight 58; Farm, 
ington, Fernald 512; Hartford, Parlin 1423; Cumberland, Chamberlain 336- 
793; Cape Elizabeth, Chase 3458; Chesterville, Chase 3277, 3355, 3437, 3443; 
Mount Desert Island, Redfield in 1893. 


190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


New Hamesuire: Jaffrey, Hitchcock 120, Robinson 338, 338a; White Mountains, 
Hitchcock 121. 

VerRmMontT: Brattleboro, Jones 33. : 

MassacuuseEtts: Framingham, Smith 733; South Hadley, Cook in 1887. 

Connecticut: Southington, Bis- 
sell 5582; Griswold, Graves 77; 
Waterford, Graves 82. 

New York: Cairo, Nash in 1893; 
Fulton Chain, Peck 2, 2a, 3. 

Ontario: Almonte, Fowler in 
1898; Algonquin Park, Macoun 
22022. 

New Jprsey: Budds Lake, Mac- 
kenzie 2093; Cranberry Lake, 
Mackenzie 2109. 

On1o: Wauseon, Kellerman in 
1899 (Ohio State Univ.). 

Inpiana: Gibson, Bebb 2935, Hill 97 in 1908; Griffith, Hill 50 in 1909. 

MicuicaAn: Keweenaw County, Farwell 648; shore of Lake Superior, Wood in 1884. 

Wisconsin: Tomahawk, Cheney 2100; Newbold, Cheney 1700; Granite Heights, 
Cheney 3088. 

MINNESOTA: Hennepin County, Sandberg in 1890 (Univ. Minn. Herb.). 


Fig. 190.—Distribution of P. boreale. 


109. Panicum dichotomum lL. 


Panicum dichotomum L. Sp. Pl. 58.1753. ‘‘Habitat in Virginia.’”’ Since Linneeus 
gives no description of his own, but quotes the diagnosis from Gronovius’s Flora Vir- 
ginica,@ the type of this species is Clayton no. 458 which is the specimen cited by 
Gronovius,® and upon which his diagnosis is based. This specimen, preserved in the 
Gronovius Herbarium, is the autumnal form answering well to Gronovius’s character- 
ization, ‘‘vix pedale, in arbusculae formam excrescens.’’ The specimen in the Lin- 
nan Herbarium¢ collected by Kalm is P. microcarpon. 

Panicum angustifolium LeC. in Torr. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 91. 1819, not Ell. 1816. No 
specimen nor locality is cited. A vernal specimen in the Torrey Herbarium penciled 
‘‘aneustifolius (nitid. var)’’ but without data may be the type. 

Panicum tremulum Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 103. 1821. ‘‘Panicum n. 39. Mihlenb. 
gram. p. 127.* In Nova Caesarea.’’ [The * indicates a new species.] No locality 
is cited by Muhlenberg, and this number does not now exist in the Muhlenberg Her- 
barium. In the Sprengel Herbarium is a specimen consisting of a vernal culm with 
mature panicle, which bears a label ‘‘Panicum tremulum Spr. Hb. Spr. Torrey.” 
A second label reads ‘‘Panicum tremulum* Miihlenb. gram. p. 127.’ Though no 
locality is given this specimen is doubtless the basis of the locality cited by Sprengel, 
and may be considered his type, since he gives a description and had not seen Muhlen- 
berg’s plant. 

Panicum dichotomum viride Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 30. 1889, 
No locality nor specimen is cited. The diagnosis reads ‘‘Smooth all over, leaves light 
green and narrower.’”’ In the National Herbarium are four specimens marked ‘‘var. 


a Fl. Virg. 2: 133. 1743. 

b See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 127. 1908, for an account of the grasses of 
Gronovius’s Flora Virginica. 

¢See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12:114. 1908, for an account of the American 
grasses in the Linnzan Herbarium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 191 


viride Vasey” in Vasey’s handwriting. Of these a vernal specimen collected by 
L. F. Ward, Woodley Park, Washington, D. C., 1881, is chosen as the type, since it is 
entirely without pubescence, while the other specimens marked ‘‘var. viride’”’ by 
Vasey have pubescent spikelets or nodes, or are fragmentary. 

Panicum dichotomum divaricatum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 30. 
1889. No specimen nor locality is cited. There are in the National Herbarium two 
specimens of the autumnal form of P. dichotomuwm marked ‘‘var. divaricatum” 
by Vasey. Of these, S. M. Tracy 127, Lake, Mississippi, is chosen as the type, since 
the other specimen is nearly devoid of spikelets. Certain other specimens marked 
by Vasey do not correspond to the description. 

Panicum nitidum pauciflorum Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 9: 14. 1889. Based on 
“P. dichotomum var. pauciflorum Vasey in Columbia College Herbarium.’’ The 
type is labeled ‘‘Panicum, Shady moist grounds, July” and consists of several spar- 
ingly branched culms of P. dichotomum with small panicles. Vasey’s herbarium name 
had not been published. . 

Panicum nitidum viride Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 9: 14. 1889.* Based on P. dicho- 
tomum viride Vasey. 

Panicum dichotomum commune Wats. & Coulter in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 633. 1890. 
No specimen nor locality is cited. The name as published is ‘‘(a) commune” and was 
probably meant to designate the common vernal form. No specimen marked ‘“ var. 
commune’’ could be found in the Gray Herbarium. 

Panicum ramulosum viride Porter, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 194. 1893. Presumably 
based on P. dichotomum viride Vasey, since ‘‘( Vasey)’’ is given after the varietal name. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form often purplish; culms 30 to 50 cm. high, erect, from a knotted crown, 
the nodes naked or the lower with a few spreading hairs; sheaths less than half the 
length of the internodes, sometimes ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, or the 
jowermost rarely sparingly pubescent; blades spreading, 5 to 11 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide, acuminate, slightly narrowed toward the base, glabrous on both surfaces, some- 
times with a few long hairs on the margin at the base, the basal blades lanceolate- 
ovate, long-ciliate on the margin near the base; pani- 
cles long-exserted, 4 to 9 cm. long, the axis and spread- 
ing branches flexuous, spikelet-bearing toward the 
ends; spikelets 2mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, 
glabrous or rarely pubescent; first glume one-third 
the length of the spikelet, subacute; second glume 
and sterile lemma rather faintly nerved, the glume 
shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.8 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal culms much, branched at the middle 
nodes, the lower portion usually erect and devoid of 
blades, thus giving the plants the appearance of diminutive trees as described by 
Gronovius and Linnzus; blades much reduced and very numerous, often involute. 

This common and widely distributed species can be distinguished by its lack of 
pubescence, its smooth spikelets, 2 mm. long, and its erect autumnal form. 

A few specimens, such as Hitchcock 1292, Pollard 323, and Ward in 1881, from Wash- 
ington, D. C., which show all the other characters of P. dichotomum have pubescent 
spikelets. 


Fig.191.—P.dichotomum. Fromtype 
specimen in Gronovius Herbarium. 


192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry or sterile woods, New Brunswick to Michigan and south to northern Florida 
and eastern Texas. 


New Brunswick: Bass River, Fowler. 

Marne: Mount Agamenticus, Parlin 1266, Ricker 1309. 

New Hampsuire: Walpole, Fernald 406. 

Vermont: West Rutland, Eggleston 1759. 

MassacHuseEtts: Framingham, Smith 736. 

Connecticut: Greens Farms, Pollard 16; Bridgeport, Hames in 1895; Oxford, 
Harger in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 245. 

New Yorx: Long Island, Bicknell in 1905; Oxford, Coville in 1884; Washington 
County, Burnham 13. 

OnTARIO: Galt, Herriot 13. 

New Jersey: Morris County, Mackenzie 1405, 2280; Cranberry Lake, Mackenzie 
2106. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895, 1897, and 1898; Lancaster County, Heller 
4769, 4783; York County, Rose & Painter 8134; Mountainville, Pretz 1936. 

Outro: Berlin Heights, Moseley in 
1895; Lancaster, Kellerman 
6768; Sugar Grove, Kellerman 
6891. 

InpIANA: Dune Park, Chase 1919, 
Umbach 1789; Miller, Chase 
1543; Lafayette, Dorner 83. 

Iuuinors: Cobden, Wate in 1885. 

Micuican: Port Huron, Dodge in 
1899 and 1909; Grand Beach 
Springs, Hill 84 in 1908. 

Missouri: St. Francois County, Fig. 192.—Distribution of P. dichotomum. 
Eggert 246. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons 297; Centerville, Commons 294, 295. 

MaryLAnp: Riverdale, Chase 2379, House 949; High Island, Pollard 324; Great 
Falls, Chase 2315. 

District oF CotumBiA: Mitchcock 122, 357, Kearney 5, 25, Williams 6, 8, 9. 

Vireinia: Four-Mile Run, HMitchcack 358, Norfolk County, Kearney 300 in part, 
1374, Noyes 73, 75, 97; Dismal Swamp, Chase 3657. 

West Vireinia: Wyoming County, Morris 1193a; Fayette County, Morse in 1903. 

Nort CAaroLinaA: Chimney Rock Mountain, Biltmore Herb. 800c; Biltmore, 
Biltmore Herb. 800a in part; Blowing Rock Mountain, Small & Heller 480; 
Chapel Hill, Chase 3048, 30564. 

SoutH Caroumna: Aiken, Kearney 234; Pickens County, Anderson 1201; Orange- 
burg, Hitchcock 1400, 1403; Graniteville, Cuthbert 962. 

Georctia: Clark County, Harper 95; Albany, Tracy 3616, 3649; Rowe, Canby 219; 
Stone Mountain, Eggert 444, 46, Hitchcock 1352; Pigeon Mountain, Wilson 179; 
Alcovey Mountain, Small in 18938. 

Froripa: Duval County, Curtiss 3600A in part, Kearney 147; Waldo, Obes 687 
in part; Orange Bend, Chase 4100. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Scribner in 1890; Polk County, Chambliss 39, 77, Kearney 
329. 

ALABAMA: Auburn, Tracy 3757, Hitchcock 1330; Flomaton, Tracy 3625 in part; 
Cullman County, Eggert 20. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 1983 


Mississiprr: Starkville, Tracy 1755; Enterprise, Tracy 3273; Meridian, Tracy 3253; 
Fairport, Tracy 3204, 3209; Nicholson, Kearney 367, 384; Biloxi, Tracy 2028, 
2050. a 

Lovistana: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1262, 1292; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1240, 1246, 1251; 
Calcasieu, Langlois 42 in 1884. | 

Texas: Hardin County, Nealley in 1892; Beaumont, Reverchon 4155, 4158. 


110. Panicum barbulatum Michx. 


Panicum barbulatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 49. 1803. ‘‘Hab. in Carolina.’’ 
In the Michaux Herbarium @ is a sheet upon which are three specimens and two labels. 
One label reads ‘‘Panicum barbulatum Hab. in Canada P. capillari affine. Ad ripas 
amnis: Rivierre a Jacques Cartier dicti legi,’’ the other ‘‘Rivierre a Jacques Cartier 
Route a Queb. P. barbulatum.’’ The two larger plants are the vernal form of the 
species described below, and do not belong to the species to which the name P. barbu- 
latum has been heretofore applied in our Manuals.6 The third plant upon this sheet 
isasmall specimen of P. lindheimeri Nash. The only Carolina specimen from Michaux 
labeled P. barbulatum is one in the Drake de Castillo Herbarium sent out by Richard. 
This is labeled ‘‘Caroline,’’ but since the specimen, which is P. ashei, has glabrous 
nodes, and hence does not agree with Michaux’s description, it is rejected AAG the above 
specimens with bearded nodes from Canada are chosen as the type. 

Panicum dichotomum barbulatum Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 1861. This is pre- 
sumably based on P. barbulatum Michx., though no synonymy is cited. The descrip- 
tion given applies to P. microcarpon. 

Panicum pubescens barbulatum Britton, Cat. Pl. N. J. 280. 1889. Presumably 
based on P. barbulatum Michx., no synonymy nor description being given. 

Panicum nitidum barbulatum Chapm. FI. South. U. 8. ed. 3. 586. 1897. Based on 
P. barbulatum Michx., thoifgh the description applies to P. microcarpon. 

Panicum gravius Hitche. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. ‘Type Chase 3620; 
forming top-heavy tufts, in sandy, rather dry woods, on the old Commons farm, 
between Centreville and Mt. Cuba, Delaware, July 30, 1906; collected by Agnes 
Chase. Deposited in National Herbarium.” 

The name barbulatum is misspelled ‘‘barbatum” by Persoon,¢ and ‘‘barbatulum”’ 
by Roemer and Schultes,¢ the latter spelling being given 
by Steudel ¢ under P. boscit (page 253), P. deustum (page 
255), and P. sphaerocarpon (page 263). 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in large tufts; culms slender, 50 to 80 cm. 
high, erect, or spreading at the summit, lower nodes usu- 
ally bearded; sheaths glabrous except a puberulent ring 


Fic. 193.—P. barbulatum. H 
From type specimen. at the summit, the lower usually softly pubescent; blades 


spreading, 6 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide (the lower 
shorter), acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous, the lower rarely puberulent; 
panicles long-exserted, 6 to 11 cm. long, as wide or wider, the slender, flexuous 
branches fascicled, the lower spreading or drooping at maturity, spikelet-bearing at 


a See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 143. 1908, for an account of the American 
grasses in the Michaux Herbarium. 

6 See P. microcarpon, page 181. 

c Syn. Pl. 1: 84. 1805. 

d Syst. Veg. 2: 447. 1817. 

é Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 253, 255, 263. 1841. 


41616°—vo1 15—10——_13 


194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the ends; spikelets oval, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, glabrous; first elume one-fourth to 
one-third as long as the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, cover- 
ing the fruit at maturity; fruit elliptic, 1.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obscurely apiculate. 

Autumnal form diffusely branched, forming very large, topheavy reclining bunches, 
the slender branchlets recurved, the numerous flat blades horizontally spreading. 

Closely allied to P. dichotomum L., from which it differs in the vernal form in having 
usually wider blades and bearded lower nodes and fruit covered by the equal second 
glume and sterile lemma; the autumnal form is distinguished by the large topheavy 
reclining tufts. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Sterile or rocky woods, Massachusetts to Michigan and south to Georgia and eastern 
Texas. 


Massacuuserts: Malden, Frohock in 1879 (N. E. Bot. Club Herb.). 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 18, Bissell 5577; Groton, Graves 12. 

New York: St. Albans, Bicknell in 1905. 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 1548. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895; Lancaster County, Heller 4776. 

Outro: Vinton, Kellerman 6886. 

InpIANA: Dune Park, Mill 129 in 1906; Clarke County, Deam 6577; Brown 
County, Deam 6467a. 

Micuican: Port Huron, Dodge in 1899; Park Lake, Wheeler 17 (both in Hitchcock 
Herb.). 

Missouri: Eagle Rock, Bush 148; Monteer, Bush 2877, 3529, 4733; Swan, Bush 
3369, 3456A, 4473; Pleasant 
Grove, Bush 313, 720; Howell 
County, Bush 51; Chadwick, 
Bush 4458. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Canby 10 
in 1891; Centerville, Chase 
3620, Commons 296. 

MaryLanp: Riverdale, Chase 3643; 
Lanham, Chase 3484; Chesa- 
peake Junction, Hitchcock 
1641, 2411; Beltsville, Chase 
3747, 3758; High Island, Pol- Fic. 194.—Distribution of P. barbulatum. 
lard 323. 

District or CotumsBiA: Hitchcock 123, 125, Kearney in 1897. 

Virermia: Smyth County, Small in 1892; Arlington, Hitchcock 124; Clifton 
Forge, Tidestrom 22. 

West VirGinia: Fayette County, Kellerman 6903. 

Nort Caroura: Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 800a in part; Caraleigh Junction, 
Chase 3090; Wards Mill, Chase 3188. 

SoutH CaroLina: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 360, 1416. 

GroraiA: Stone Mountain, Chase 4519, Hitchcock 359, 1350. 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 35 in part, 57 in part. 

TENNESSEE: Nashville, Gattinger in 1884 (Univ. Tenn. Herb.). 

ALABAMA: Pisgah, Chase 4469; Scottsboro, Chase 4502. 

MIssISSIPPrI: Sarton Tracy 8403. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 9, 10a, 41; Fulton, Bush 2532. 

Louisiana: Shreveport, Hitchcock 1252. 

Texas: Houston, Plank 93; Mineola, Reverchon 4147. 

OxLAHoMA: Poteau, Hitchcock in 1903 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 195 
111. Panicum yadkinense Ashe. 


? Panicum dumus Desy. Opusc. 88. 1831. ‘‘Habitat in America calidiori.”” The 
type, in the Desvaux Herbarium, is a fragment of a branch of some species in this 
group. The immature, glabrous spikelets, 2.3 mm. long, the second glume and sterile 
lemma pointed beyond the fertile lemma, suggest P. yadkinense, though it may be 
P. barbulatum, the pointed spikelets being due to immaturity and withering. 

Panicum maculatum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 44. 1898, not Aubl. 1775. 
“Collected by the writer at Raleigh, N. C., May, 1895.’’ The type of this could not 
be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In the National Herbarium is a specimen labeled in 
Ashe’s handwriting, ‘“‘Panicum maculatum, Raleigh, May, 1895’’ which is probably 
a duplicate type. This plant belongs to the species here described though it does 
not agree in all respects with the original description of Panicum maculatum. The 
spikelets are there said to be $ lines long, and ‘“‘about the size of those of P. barbu- 
latum”’ [P. microcarpon of this monograph], and the species is said to be distinguished 
from P. dichotomum by the smaller spikelets. The specimen from Raleigh has spike- 
lets larger than those of P. dichotomum, being about 2.5 mm. long. Since this speci- 
men belongs to the species as understood by Ashe, it is probable that the description 
of the spikelets was based upon an admixture of P. microcarpon, as the two species 
are frequently found growing together. 

Panicum yadkinense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 85. 1900. Based on 
**P. maculatum Ashe, not P. maculatum Aubl.’’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. dichotomum but culms taller and stouter, some- 
times 1 meter high; sheaths usually bearing pale, glandular spots; blades 9 to 13 cm. 
long, 8 to 11 mm. wide, panicle about 10 to 12 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, 
the long lower branches ascending; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic 
to subfusiform, pointed, glabrous; first glume about 
one-third the length of the spikelet, usually blunt; 
second glume and sterile lemma rather faintly 
nerved, equal, exceeding the fruit and forming a 
slight point beyond it; fruit 1.9 mm. long, 0.9 mm. 
wide, elliptic, subobtuse. 

Autumnal form erect or leaning, loosely branch- 
ing from the middle nodes, the blades smaller but 
not conspicuously reduced. 

This species differs from P. dichotomum in the Fic. 195.—P. yadkinense. From dupli- 
vernal form in its larger size and longer, acute miele casas ns Ee eet 
spikelets, and in the autumnal form in the com- ~ F i 
paratively few branches, which do not form a bushy crown. Occasionally the 
branches are rather numerous, though not closely fascicled and bushy, for example, 
Harper 1349, and Porter from Pennsylvania in 1895. The following two specimens, 
Chase 3072 and Hitchcock 1416, are referred to this species, though the spikelets are 
scarcely over 2 mm. long; that is, the second glume and sterile lemma do not extend 
into a point as in typical spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist woods and thickets, Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to southern Illinois and 
PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895. 
Inuinots: Makanda, Gleason in 1903; Johnson County, Schneck in 1902 (Hitch- 
cock Herb.). 


196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DELAWARE: Wilmington, Chase 3616. 

Maryianp: Little Falls, Vasey in 1884; Cabin John, Chase 2853, 3772; West 
Chevy Chase, Chase 2946, 
Hitchcock 361. 

District of CoLtumMBIA: House 911, 
Kearney 28 in part. 

Virernta: Arlington, Chase 2964. 

NortH CaroLina: Raleigh, Ashe 
in 1895, Chapel Hill, Chase 
3059, 3061, 3072; Jacksonville, 
Chase 3192. 

SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 6, 14164. 

Gzorera: Dublin, Harper 1349. Fig. 196.—Distribution of P. yadkinense. 

TENNESSEE: Sumner County, Gat- 
tinger in 1883 (Univ. Tenn. Herb.). 

AnABAMA: Tensaw, Tracy 8029. 

LourstANa: Lake Charles, Witchcock 1164. 


112. Panicum roanokense Ashe. 


Panicum roanokense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 44. 1898. ‘“‘Type 
material collected by writer in dry soil, Roanoke Island, N. C. June, 1898. Also 
collected at Rose Bay and Mackleyville, N. C., the same month.’’ The type could 
not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In the Biltmore Herbarium is a specimen from 
Manteo, Roanoke Island, N. C., collected by Ashe, June 10, 1898, and labeled by him 
Panicum roanokense Ashe. This is a duplicate type or possibly the type. It con- 
‘ sists of two vernal culms with mature primary panicles. 

Panicum curtivaginum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16:85. 1900. ‘Collected 
at Petit Bois Island, Mississippi, May 8, 1898 by 8S. M. Tracy.’’ An unmounted 
specimen of the collection cited was found in a cover marked “P. curtivaginatum sp. 
nov.’”? in Ashe’s herbarium. No name was written on the Tracy label, which bears 
the number 4584. As this was the only specimen of this collection found in Ashe’s 
herbarium it is taken as the type. It consists of a tuit of three slender vernal culms 
with over-mature panicles. The autumnal form is not represented, but in a specimen 
of Tracy 4584 in the National Herbarium the autumnal 
culms of the previous year are attached to the tuft. 
The spikelets are described as ‘‘quite 1.5 mm.”’ long, 
but they measure 2 mm. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose, somewhat glaucous olive 
green; culms erect or ascending, 50 to 100 cm. high; 
Fra. 197.—P. roanokense. From sheaths half as long as the internodes or less, gla- 

seb collected by Ashe at }rous or the lowermost sometimes sparsely pubescent; 

; blades at first stiffly erect, later ascending or spread- 
ing, 6 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, tapering to both ends, glabrous or with a 
few hairs around the base; panicles 4 to 8 cm. long, scarcely as wide, the branches 
spreading; spikelets 2mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ellipsoid-obovoid, very turgid, glabrous; 
first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma 
strongly nerved, subequal, the glume rather conspicuously purple-tinged at base, 
scarcely covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, ellipsoid. 

Autumnal form erect or decumbent, branching at the middle and upper nodes, the 
branches numerous but not in tufts, the primary internodes elongating and becoming 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 197 


arched about the time the branches appear; the reduced blades more or less involute, 
not exceeding the 1.5 to 4 cm. long panicles; basal blades firm, erect, often as much 
as 5 or 6 cm. long. , 

The plant is glabrous throughout with exceptions mentioned; the glaucous olive 
green color and very turgid spikelets, purple-stained at base, are characteristic. 

Harper’s number 458, from Sumter County, Georgia, is doubtfully referred to this 
species. The first glume is very short, 
the panicle narrow with few, appressed 
branches, and the blades are long and 
narrow. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


' 
ae i fy 4 
\ been ae H 
\ Te etree ne 
a 


Open swampy woods or wet peaty 


i 
‘ ' 
° eae H H 
meadows, southeastern Virginia to DSN [at ea 
Florida and west to eastern Texas. \ 


VireintA: Near Norfolk, Kearney 
1514, 2026. 

NortH Carouina: Rose Bay, Ashe 
in 1898; Lake Mattamuskeet, Chase 3203; Roanoke Island, Chase 3240, 3247; 
Wards Mill, Chase 3178. 

Fioripa: Baldwin, Combs 60, Hitchcock 987, 998; Mabel, Curtiss 6636; Tampa, 
Miichcock 9384, 939. 

AtaBaMa: Flomaton, Tracy 3625 in part. 

Mississippi: Petit Bois Island, Tracy 4584, Ocean Springs, Tracy 4592. 

Louisiana: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1144. 

Texas: Waller, Hitchcock 1174. 


Fig. 198.—Distribution of P. roanokense. 


113. Panicum caerulescens Hack. 


Panicum caerulescens Hack.; Hitche. Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 219. 1909. ‘‘The 
type is Hitchcock 706. In glade among Spartina, etc., stretching up through the tall 
grass, Miami, Florida, April 3, 1906, U. S. National Herbarium no. 558380.’ This 
specimen consists of two tufts, some of the culms beginning to branch and with over- 
mature primary panicles, and some freely branching. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. roanokense; culms more slender, rarely over 75 cm. 
high; blades ascending or spreading, commonly purplish beneath, 5 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 
7 mm. wide, the margins nearly parallel for two-thirds their length; panicles usually 
short-exserted, 3 to 7 cm. long, half as wide or less, the branches narrowly ascending; 

spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, obovoid, 
blunt, very turgid, glabrous; first glume about one-third 
the length of the spikelets; second glumeand sterile lemma 
subequal, the glume scarcely as long as the fruit at ma- 
turity; fruit 1.4 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, ellipsoid. 

Autumnal form erect or leaning, sometimes decumbent 
at base, producing short, densely fascicled branches at 
the middle and upper nodes, these tufts scarcely as long 
as the primary internodes, the reduced blades ascending, 
_ more or less involute, the reduced panicles with a few long-pediceled spikelets. 

This species is distinguished from P. roanokense by the narrow panicles and smaller 
spikelets and by the tufted branches of the autumnal form. 


Fig. 199.—P. caerulescens. 
From type specimen. 


198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


In marshes and swampy woods, southeastern New Jersey to Florida, west to Missis- 
sippi; also in the Bahamas and Cuba. 


New JERSEY: Cape May, Stone in 1909. 

Vireinia: Lynn Haven, Chase 5417, Hitchcock 356. 

Fioripa: Levy County, Combs 803; Titusville, Chase 3992; Miami, Hitchcock 706, 
715; Homestead, Hitchcock 690; 
Braidentown, Hitchcock 965; 
Myers, Hitchcock 897, 904, 915. 

ALABAMA: Fort Morgan, Tracy 
8401. 

Mississippi: Horn Island, Tracy in 
1903. 

BaHAmas: New Providence, Brit- 
ton & Brace 597, 599, Mills- 
paugh 2182, Northrup 248; 
Great Bahamas, Brace 3524, ; 
Britton & Mullspaugh 2506, Fig. 200.—Distribution of P. caerulescens. 
2668; Andros, Brace 7015 (ail in 
Field Mus. Herb.); New Providence, Eggers 4305 (Hackel Herb.), Eggers 
4312 (Krug & Urban Herb.). 

CuBa: Without locality, Wright 3463 in part. 


114. Panicum ljlucidum Ashe. 


Panicum lucidum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:47. 1898. ‘‘Collected in 
June 1898 by the writer in deep, shady swamps bordering Lake Mattamuskeet, 
N.C.” There is no specimen in Ashe’s herbarium from the type locality, but there 
is a specimen of the vernal form in the National Herbarium collected by Ashe in 
1898 at Lake Mattamuskeet. This specimen is either the type or a duplicate type. 
The label is in Ashe’s handwriting. 

Panicum taxodiorum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16:91. 1900. ‘Type: 
K. K. McKenzie’s no. 460. Hummocks in cypress swamps. Lake Charles, La., 
September 1890.’’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, is a specimen passing from the 
vernal to the autumnal form and showing the early branching condition. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form at first erect and resembling that of P. dichotomum, but the weak culms 
soon becoming decumbent, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes; sheaths glabrous, 
usually ciliate on the margin; blades thin, bright green, shining, glabrous, at first 
erect, but soon widely spreading, 4 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. 
wide; panicles resembling those of P. dichotomum but 
fewer-flowered; spikelets 2 to 2.1mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
elliptic, glabrous (rarely obscurely pubescent); first glume 
about two-fifths the length of the spikelet, pointed; second 
elume and sterile lemma more strongly nerved than in 
P. dichotomum, both shorter than the fruit at maturity; 
fruit 1.7 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, slightly pointed. 

Autumnal form repeatedly branching, forming large 
clumps or mats of slender, weak, vine-like culms, the 
branches elongated and diverging at a wide angle, not 
fascicled, the blades 2 to 4 cm. long, waxy, flat and spreading; panicles much reduced, 
with few long-pediceled spikelets; basal blades linear-oblong, as much as 10 cm. long. 

Under a lens the oblong epidermal cells are visible between the nerves in the blades, 
especially on the lower surface, giving a minutely bullate surface characteristic of 
this species and of no other in this group. 


Fig. 201.—P. lucidum. From 
type specimen in National 
Herbarium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 199 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet woods and sphagnum swamps, along the Coastal Plain from New York to Florida 
and west to eastern Texas. 


New York: Woodmere, Bicknell in 1902; Hempstead, Bicknell in 1903. 

New Jersey: Speedwell, Stone 7; Wildwood, Pollard in 1897; Tuckerton, Chase 
3599; Forked River, Chase 3593; Atsion, Chase 3550, 3554; South Amboy, 
Mackenzie 2167. : 

InpiaNA: Dune Park, Umbach 4962. 

DELAWARE: Ogletown, Canby 11. 

MARYLAND: Beltsville, Chase 3743; Lanham, Chase 3475. 

District or CotumsBtia: Chase 5418, Greene in 1908, Kearney in 1897, Pollard 403, 
Scribner in 1894, Steele in 1899. 

Vireinis: Fort Myer, Williams in 1898; Lynn Haven, Hitchcock 364. 

Nort Carotina: Wilmington, Chase 3112, 3159, Hitchcock 365, 367, 368, 369, 
1442, 1470, Kearney 260; Jack- 
sonville, Chase 3197; Lake Mat- 
tamuskeet, Ashe in 1898; 
Rowan County, Smallin 1894; 
Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 
5066b, Mitchcock 362. 

SoutH CaroLina: Aiken, Kearney 
288 in part, Orangeburg, 
Mitchcock 363, 366. 

GroreiA: Clarke County, Harper 
88; Randolph County, Harper 
1760; Thomson, Bartlett 1136; Fic. 202.—Distribution of P. lucidum. 
Augusta, Cuthbert 529. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 6601; eastern Florida, Palmer 632 in 1874; Lake 

3 City, Hitchcock 1026; Argyle, Curtiss 6403; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 800b; 
Milton, Chase 4320; Washington County, Combs 615; Waldo, Combs 687 in 
part; Homosassa, Combs 934; Eustis, Chase 4068, Nash 337, 500; Bartow, 
Combs 1218; Myers, Hitchcock 919, Lee Co. Pl. 481. 

AtaBAMA: Auburn, Pollard & Mazon 54, Tracy 3749; Flomaton, Hitchcock 1059; 

. Mobile, Kearney 45. 

MississipPi: Taylorville, Tracy 8405; Magee, Trccy 8504; Waynesboro, Kearney 
167; Ocean Springs, Tracy 95. 

LovuiIstiaNA: Oberlin, Bali 202; Lake Charles, Mackenzie 460. 

Texas: Colmesneil, Nealley 35 in 1892. 

In the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy isa Specimen said to be from Brazil 
which appears to be P. lucidum. 


115. Panicum sphagnicola Nash. 


Panicum sphagnicolum{cola] Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 422. 1895. ‘‘The late 
- and much branched state was collected by the writer this summer in a sphagnum bog 
at Lake City, Florida, and will be distributed as No. 2500.’ The type, in Nash’s 
herbarium, consists of several culms 45 to 55 cm. high, with long internodes and 
divaricate branches; the primary panicle is devoid of spikelets, the secondary panicles 
are small and few-flowered. There are three sheets of this collection in Nash’s her- 
barium, none of which is marked type. The foregoing refers to the largest specimen. 


2900 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form grayish olive green, cespitose; culms slender, strongly flattened, erect, 
or reclining, 50 to 100 cm. high; sheaths glabrous or the lowermost sparsely papillose- 
pilose, soon becoming divaricate and enveloping the internodes only at base; blades at 
first erect, later widely spreading, glabrous, 5 to 8 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicles 
narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long, the branches ascending 
or somewhat spreading, not spikelet-bearing at 
the base; spikelets 2.5 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, 
elliptic; first glume nearly half the length of the 
spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile 
lemma strongly nerved, minutely pubescent to- 
ward the summit or glabrous, the glume shorter 
than the fruit; fruit 2 mm. long, 1 to 1.1 mm. 
wide, elliptic, subobtuse. 

We oP eb cs, ee Autumnal form decumbent or finally prostrate- 

type specimen. spreading, divaricately branching from all the 

nodes, the branches slender and elongated, some- 

times rooting at the nodes; sheaths divaricately spreading from the stem, usually 

nearly as long as the blades; blades flat, reduced in length but not much in width, 

mostly 1 to 2 cm. long, or on the ultimate branchlets only 5 mm. long and 1 mm. 

wide; panicles rather few, reduced to a few short-pediceled spikelets; basal blades 4 
to 8 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, sometimes sparsely pilose at base. 

This species is readily distinguished in the autumnal! form by its slender, widely- 
spreading branches and divaricate sheaths. At this stage the primary sheath may 
subtend two branches, each with its conspicuous prophyllum, 5 to 15 mm. long, 
ciliate on the keels and bearing a tuft of hairs at the acuminate tip. The leaf of the 
second branch is much reduced and inclosed in the base of the primary sheath. 
Panicum lucidum, the only other spe- 
cies with a like autumnal habit, is 
much more slender, more leafy, and 
bright green and shining, and has 
smaller long-pediceled spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Edges of cypress swamps, in sphag- 
num bogs, and in similar moist, shady 
places, southern Georgia and Florida. 


GEORGIA: Darien, Biltmore Herb. Fig. 204.—Distribution of P. sphagnicola. 
5066 e (Biltmore Herb.). 

Fioripa: Lake City, Bitting 18, Combs 73, Hitchcock 1006, Nash 2500; Sanford, 
Chase 4039; Levy County, Combs 838; eastern Florida, Palmer 633 in 1874 
(Gray Herb.). 


Spreta.—Culms tufted, rather stiff, mostly glabrous or nearly so; gules densely 
hairy, 3 to 5 mm. long; blades not over 8 mm. wide; spikelets 1 to 1.6 mm. 
long, pubescent or rarely glabrous, second glume and sterile lemma 5 to 
7 nerved. Autumnal form with more or less tufted branchlets and much 
reduced leaves and panicles. 


Panicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide as long. .-.-.- 116. P. spretum. 
Panicle open, two-thirds as wide as long, or more. 
Sprkelets 4-5 mint longs 2424 2 tue See eee 117. P. lindheimert. 


¢ 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 201 


Spikelets 1.3 mm. long or less. 


Culascne sheaths ela brous... ..-< 5-266 gee ods ose 119. P. longiligula- 
> tum. 
Culms and sheaths appressed-pubescent. 
Spikelets 1.2 to 1.3.mm. long... -..2,2...=-.-. U8) P. leucothirix. 
Spikelets mot over mm. long. .-22-.5255--2... 120. P. wrightianum. . 


116. Panicum spretum Schult. 


Panicum spretum Schult. Mant. 2: 248. 1824. Based on “‘ Miihlenb. Descr. wb. p. 
125. n. 37. (sine nomine).’’ Muhlenberg’s description is copied, but slightly rear- 
ranged, and the locality ‘‘N. Anglica” also copied. The type specimen, in the 
Muhlenberg Herbarium, is a vernal culm labeled ‘‘No. 2. Panicum an capillare? In 
moist ground. Mon. 184. M. 116a.’’ On the folio ‘‘N. Angl.”’ is written after this 
number. 

Panicum nitidum densiflorum Rand & Redfield, Fl. Mt. Desert 174. 1894. ‘‘Shore 
of Ripples Pond (Rand).’”’ The type, in Rand’s herbarium, collected July 28, 1892, 
has a narrow many-flowered panicle with pubescent spikelets like the above- 
mentioned plant in the Muhlenberg Herbarium. 

Panicum eatoni Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 84. 1898. Collected by ‘‘Alvah A. 
Eaton * * * at Seabrook, N. H.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of 
two vernal culms with spikelets measuring 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long. 

Panicum octonodum Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 73.7369. June 
30, 1899. ‘‘Texas.’’ This species was republished@ with more complete description 
as ‘‘Panicum octonodum Scribn. & Smith, sp. nov.,’’ with the following citation: 
“Waller County, Texas. Collected by F. W. Thurow, May 5, 1898.’ The type, in 
the National Herbarium, is a wholly glabrous vernal plant with glabrous spikelets 
1.5 mm. long. 

Panicum paucipilum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 573. 1899. ‘‘Type collected by 
Mr. E. P. Bicknell, at Wildwood, New Jersey, May 30 and 31, 1897.’ The type, in 
Nash’s herbarium, consists of four vernal culms, beginning to branch at the middle 
nodes, the sheaths sparsely ciliate toward the summit, the spikelets pubescent, 1.4 to 
1.5 mm. long. Panicum paucipilum was described as differing from P. eatoni in 
having ‘‘much smaller spikelets with the first scale glabrous.”’ 

Panicum nitidum octonodum Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 
24: 34. 1901. Based on P. octonodum Smith. 

Panicum spretum has been referred to Panicum nitidum Lam. and was discussed by 
Scribner ® in an article on that species. Scribner, however, based his identification 
of the latter upon a tracing made by A. H. Baldwin of a specimen in the Michaux 
Herbarium. The type of P. nitidwm Lam.¢ is in the Lamarck Herbarium and is 
different from P. spretum. The plant from which Baldwin’s tracing was made is 
P. angustifolium or a closely allied species.¢ 


DESCRIPTION. 


_ Vernal culms tufted, 30 to 90 cm. high, erect or slightly decumbent at base, some- 
times sending out rootlets from the lower nodes, glabrous, the nodes swollen; sheaths 
loose, shorter than the internodes, usually ciliate on the margin toward the summit, 
otherwise glabrous, or the lower sometimes slightly pubescent; ligules 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades firm, ascending or often reflexed, 7 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, sparingly 


aU.S8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 16:5. July 1, 1899. 
6U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 31. 1901. 

¢ See p. 183. 

@ See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 148. 1908. 


202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


long-ciliate at the rounded base, otherwise glabrous; panicles 8 to 12 cm. long, one- 
fourth to one-third as wide, rather densely flowered, the branches ascending or 
appressed, short spikelet-bearing branchlets in the axils; spikelets 1.4 to 1.6 mm. 
(usually 1.5 mm.) long, 0.7 to 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, obscurely pointed; first glume 
one-fourth to one-third the length of the spikelet, obtuse or subacute; second glume 
and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity, pubescent or rarely glabrous; fruit 
1.3 mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic, slightly pointed. 

Autumnal form more or less reclining, branching after the maturity of the primary- 
panicle, the earlier branches elongated, ascending but not appressed, bearing exserted 
panicies, the subsequent branchlets in short fascicles, 
the blades much reduced, sometimes minutely pubes- 
cent, overtopping the small ultimate panicles; winter 
rosette appearing rather early, the blades glabrous or 
nearly so. 

Specimens with spikelets 1.4 mm., or even 1.3 mm. 

M long, occur. The type of P. paucipilum Nash is such 
Fig. 205.—P. spretum. From a specimen, as are Chase 2333 and Hitchcock 553. In the 
type specimen in Muhlenberg herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy are a number 

Herbarium. : . ; 

of such specimens, some with spikelets only 1.3 mm. 
long. But since no other character can be correlated with the smaller spikelets, 
and since specimens with spikelets 1.5 mm. long are much more numerous, we are 
unable to separate specifically the extremes of this species. 

It does not seem advisable to recognize as a subspecies the form with glabrous 
spikelets. Besides the Texas plants, in which the spikelets are glabrous, similar 
specimens have been collected in Delaware, namely, Canby 4, Commons 340, and 
Hitchcock 553. The Commons specimen consists of two plants, one with glabrous 
and one with pubescent spikelets, but otherwise alike. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet and usually sandy soil, mostly near the coast, Maine to Texas; also in northern 
Indiana. 


Maine: York County, Fernald 510. 

New Hampesurre: East Kingston, Haton in 1898 (Biltmore Herb.). 

MassacHusetts: Essex County, Conant in 1881; Dedham, Bartlett 807. 

Connecticut: Waterford, Graves 
80, 87; East Lyme, Graves 157. 

RHODE IstANnD: Kingston, Piper 
in 1907. 

New Yorxk: Riverhead, Bicknell 
in 1905, Peck 4. 

New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3551, 
3569; Bear Swamp, Stone 2; 
Wildwood, Bicknell in 1897. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Westchester, Win- 
die 2 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Inpiana: Dune Park, Hill 128 in Fic. 206.—-Distribution of P. spretum. 

1906, Umbach 1799; Miller, 
Pepoon in 1898; Michigan City, Hill 162 in 1906. 

DELAWARE: Cape Henlopen, Commons 340; Townsend, Canby in 1891; Milton, 
Commons 348; Lewes, Hitchcock 553. 

MaryLanp: College Park, Novik in 1907. 

VirGinia: Cape Henry, Chase 2333, 5421; Lynn Haven, Hitchcock 378, 379. 

Nortu Carouina: Wilsons Mills, Chase 3093. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 203 


Froripa: Baldwin, Hitchcock 10053; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 6028 in part, 
Chapman. 

ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8433; without locality, Buckley (Mo. Bot. Gard. 
Herb.). 

MississrPri: Ocean Springs, Tracy 91, 4585; Beauvoir, Tracy 4594. 

Texas: Waller County, Hitchcock 1175, Thurow 6. 


117. Panicum lindheimeri Nash. 


Panicum lindheimeri Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24:196. 1897. ‘‘The type was col- 
lected by F. Lindheimer in 1846, no. 565.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists 
of two rather slender vernal culms geniculate at the lower nodes, sparsely papillose- 
pilose below, beginning to branch at some of the nodes. No locality other than 
Texas is given on the label of the type nor on that of Lindheimer 565 in the National 
Herbarium, but on that of another specimen of this collection in the herbarium of 
the Missouri Botanical Garden the following data are given: ‘“‘Springs, banks of the 
Guadeloupe, near New Braunfels.’’ : 

Panicum funstoni Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 35: 4. 1901. 
‘‘Type specimen collected on the bank of Kaweah River at Three Rivers, Tulare 
County, Cal., no. 1286, Coville & Funston, July 26, 1891.’’ The type, in the National 
Herbarium, consists of two branching culms, one sending out a rootlet at the second 
node (indicating that the culm was prostrate); sheaths and lower internodes rather 
strongly papillose-pubescent. 

This is the species described under P. nitidum Lam. in Britton’s Manual.¢ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms stiffly ascending or spreading, 30 to 100 cm. high, glabrous, or lower 
internodes ascending-pubescent, the nodes swollen; sheaths less than half as long as 
the elongated internodes, ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, or the lower 
ascending-pubescent; ligules 4 to 5 mm. long; blades usually firm, 5 to 10 cm. long, 
6 to 8 mm. wide, at first ascending, soon spreading, papillose-ciliate at the rounded 
base, glabrous on both surfaces, or minutely puberulent beneath; panicles 4 to 7 
cm. long (rarely longer), nearly as wide, branches ascending or spreading, loosely 
flowered; spikelets 1.4 to 1.6 mm. long, 0.8 to 0.9 mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, turgid, 
pubescent; first glume one-fourth as long as the spikelet 
or less, usually obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma 
scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.3 to 1.4 
mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal form usually stiffly spreading or radiate-pros- 
trate, internodes elongated, with tufts of short, appressed 
branches at the nodes; blades reduced, involute-pointed 
and often conspicuously ciliate at base. 

This common and widely distributed species is variable 
as to pubescence. Usually the plants are glabrous except the lower internodes and 
sheaths, but sometimes the pubescence extends nearly to the summit. These more 
pubescent specimens, such as the type of P. funstoni from California, Macoun 26338 
from Ontario, Chase 3464 from Maryland, and Tracy 7947 from Texas, in the vernal 
form resemble less pubescent specimens of P. tennesseense but can be distinguished 
by the smaller spikelets. In the autumnal form the stiffly radiating culms with the 
tufts of short branches also distinguish this species. 


Fig. 207.—P. lindheimeri. 
From type specimen. 


a Man. 85. 1901. 


904 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sandy or sterile woods or open ground, Maine to northern Florida, and west to 
southern California. 


Marne: North Berwick, Parlin 1607 (Gray Herb.). 

New Hamesuire: Summers Falls, Eggleston in 1893 (Biltmore Herb.). 

Vermont: Willoughby, £. & C. E. Faxon in 1896. 

Massacuusetts: Framingham, Smith 734. 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 14, Bissell 5583; East Lyme, Graves 158; 
Franklin, Graves 76. 

New York: Bergen, Hill 1834 in 1907; Long Point, Bicknell in 1906; Mineola, 
Bicknell in 1906; Mambasset Neck, Bicknell in 1908; Long Island, Bicknell 
in 1902 and 1905. 

Ontario: Niagara Falls, Macoun 26338; Ottawa, Macoun 65370; Port Colborne, 
Macoun 26316; Sarnia, Dodge 49. 

New Jersey: Clifton, Nash in 1892; Forked River, Chase 3589; Atsion, Chase 
3528, 3572, Commons 68, 70; Wildwood, Heritage in 1897; South Amboy, 
Mackenzie 2156, 2160, 2164, 2168, 2349. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Ridley, Smith 157. 

Ouro: Ashtabula County, Kellerman in 1888 (Ohio State Univ. Herb.). 

InpDIANA: Miller, Umbach 2353. 

Inuinors: Chicago, Nelson in 1899; Beach, Umbach 2242; Urbana, Seymour in 1880; 
St. Clair County, Eggert 237; 
Jackson County, French in 
1871 in part. 

Micuican: Port Huron, Dodge in 
1909. 

Wisconsin: Witches Gulch, Che- 
ney 3872. 

Minnesota: Sandy Beach, Mac- 
Millan & Sheldon 1703 (Univ. 


Minn. Herb.). 
Missourt: Allenton, Kellogg 1, 4, 5; 
Cliff Cave, Kellogg 10; St. Fig. 208.—Distribution of P. lindheimeri. 


Louis, Hitchcock 552. 

DELAWAR#: Wilmington, Canby 18, Commons 55, 64, 67, 71, 291, 363; Ogletown, 
Commons 66; Millsboro, Commons 42; Newport, Canby 3. 

MaryLAND: Chesapeake Beach, Chase 3255, 3259, Hitchcock 1603; Lanham, 
Chase 3464, 34734; Owings, Hitchcock 1622; Chevy Chase, Chase 2887; Belts- 
ville, Chase 3729. 

District oF CoLuMBIA: Chase 2985, 5422, Hitchcock 380, Kearney 18, 26, Ward in 
1879. : 

Virernia: Alexandria County, Chase 5423, in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 552; Norfolk, 
Kearney 309; Portsmouth, Chase 3686, Noyes 92. 

WEst VirGINIA: Summers County, Morris 984. | 

NortH Carona: Jacksonville, Chase 3198; Wilsons Mills, Chase 3108; West 
Durham, Chase 3047; Magnetic City, Wetherby 18, 51; Biltmore, Boynton 5. 

GeoreiA: Americus, J’racy 3889 in part; Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 381. 

Fioripa: Chattahoochee, Tracy 3615. 

TENNESSEE: Ducktown, Chambliss 27; Coffee County, Eggert 34. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Kearney 32. 

Mississippi: Enterprise, Tracy 3285; Meridian, Tracy 3265; Starkville, Chase 
4449; Biloxi, Tracy 6736. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 205. 


Lourstana: Calhoun, Ball 53; Hitchcock 1278, 1287; Shreveport, Cocks 3508; 
Mandeville, Langlois 42; Abbeville, Langlois 38; Lake Charles, Chase 4400, 
Hitchcock A136, 1138, 1156, 1165. 

Texas: Waller County, Hitchcock 1202, 1203, 1215; Thurow 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 16, 
19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33; Columbia, Bush 178; Weatherford, Tracy 7944, 
7947; La Grange, Plank 97; Huntsville, Plank 63; Gladewater, Reverchon 
2357; Ennis, Smith in 1897; Kerrville, Heller 1752, 1888; Houston, Bebb 
1276; Denison, Bebb 1428; New Braunfels, Lindheimer 565; Fort Smith to 
the Rio Grande, Bigelow; without locality, Nealley in 1884 and 1888. 

OxianHoma: Poteau, Hitchcock 551; without locality, Palmer 384 in 1868. 

New Mexico: Without locality, Wright 2088, 2085 (the latter in Gray Herb.). 

CALIFORNIA: Three Rivers, Coville & Funston 1286; Sacramento, Michener 142. 


118. Panicum leucothrix Nash. 


Panicum leucothrix Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 41. 1897. ‘Type collected by 
the writer in the low pine land at Eustis, Lake County, Florida, in the latter part of 
July, 1894, no. 1338.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of somewhat branch- 
ing primary culms, decumbent at base. The description reads: ‘‘Spikelets obovate, 
about 0.65 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide.’’ This is evidently an error, as the spikelets of 
the type measure 1.2 mm. as do also those of Nash 334 and 467 cited with the descrip- 
tion. 

Panicum parvispiculum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 347. 1897. ‘‘Type collected 
by Dr. John K. Small at Darien Junction, McIntosh Co., Ga., June 25-27, 1895.”’ 
The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a tuft of mature vernal culms, beginning 
to branch. The culms and sheaths are appressed-pubescent, though less copiously 
so than is the type of P. leucothrix, and the panicles are larger. In the description 
the spikelets are given as 1.5 mm. long, but those of the type measure 1.3 mm. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light olive green, often purplish tinged; culms tufted, 25 to 45 cm. 
high, erect or ascending, appressed papillose pilose, the nodes scarcely swollen, 
pubescent; sheaths shorter than the internodes, papillose-pubescent, the hairs less 
appressed than those of the culm, rarely nearly glabrous, the margins ciliate, densely 
so at the summit; ligules 3 mm. long; blades rather firm, ascending or spreading, 3 to 
7 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, rounded and papillose-ciliate 
at the base, glabrous or rarely sparsely villous on the upper 
surface, velvety puberulent beneath; panicles long-exserted, 
3 to 8 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, rather densely 
flowered, the axis appressed-pubescent, with tufts of long 
hairs in the axils, the branches ascending; spikelets 1.2 to 
1.3 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, densely 
papillose-pubescent; first glume about one-fourth the length 
of the spikelet, obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit but not 
exceeding it; fruit 1.1 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic, slightly pointed. 

Autumnal form ascending, usually decumbent at base, at first sending out from 
the lower and middle nodes long branches similar to the vernal culms, later pro- 
ducing appressed, more or less fascicled branchlets, the flat or somewhat involute 
blades not greatly reduced. 

The less copious pubescence and larger panicles of the type of P. parvispiculum 
' prove not to be correlated. A specimen of Nash 467 cited in the description of P. 
leucothriz has one panicle 8 cm. long as in the type of P. parvispiculum, and six small 


Fig. 209.—P. leucothriz. 
From type specimen. 


206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ones like those in the type of P. leucothriz. The New Jersey specimens, Chase 3536, 
3556, and 3578, as also Hitchcock 1163 and 1398, though small plants with small 
panicles, are as little pubescent as is the type of P. parvispiculum or even less so. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low pine lands, New Jersey to Florida and Mississippi; also in Cuba. 


New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3536, 3556; Forked River, Chase 3578. 

NortH Caroiina: Wilmington, 
Hitchcock 377. 

SoutH Carouina: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 14, 376, 1372, 1398. 

GerorGiIA: Darien Junction, Small 
in 1895; Alapaha, Curtiss 6817 
in part. 

FLoripa: Jacksonville, Combs 6, 
Kearney 146; Washington 
County, Combs 672, 673; Chip- 
ley, Combs 551, 572, 617; Eus- 
tis, Hitchcock 800, 805, Nash Fic. 210.—Distribution of P. leucothriz. 
334, 467, 1338, 2075; Seminole, 

Tracy 7193 in part; Warrenton, Tracy 8410. 

MisstsstppP1: Ocean Springs, Tracy 43. 

Lourstana: St. Tammany Parish, Cocks 286; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1163. 

Cusa: Herradura, Hitchcock 554; without locality, Wright 3460 in part. 


119. Panicum longiligulatum Nash. 


_ Panicum longiligulatum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 574. 1899. ‘‘Collected by 
Dr. Geo. Vasey, at Apalachicola, Florida, in 1892.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, 
consists of two vernal culms with three autumnal culms of the preceding year attached. 

Elliott described this species under P. ‘‘nitidum? La Marck” as shown by the 
specimen so labeled in the Elhott Herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms usually stout, 30 to 70 cm. high, erect, or ascending at base, glabrous; 
sheaths glabrous, usually much shorter than the internodes; ligules 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades rather thick and firm, 4 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper 
surface, puberulent beneath, gradually narrowed to the sharp point, the lower ascend- 
ing, the upper spreading or often reflexed; panicles ovoid, 3 to 8 cm. long, two-thirds 
to three-fourths as wide, rather densely flowered, the slender 
branches usually stiffly ascending, short spikelet-bearing 
branchlets in the axils; spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long, 0.7 mm. 
wide, elliptic, pubescent; first glume one-fourth as long as the 
spikelet; second glume slightly shorter than the fruit and 
sterile lemma; fruit 1 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal culms more or less reclining, the branches 
spreading, usually somewhat recurved, with crowded 
branchlets and spreading, subinvolute, reduced blades about 
equaling the reduced panicles of few long-pediceled spikelets; winter rosette 
prominent, blades glabrous. 

Smaller, more slender specimens of this species resemble less pubescent specimens 
of P. leucothriz; these may be distinguished from that species by the glabrous culms 
and sheaths and slightly smaller spikelets with fruit exposed at the summit. 


Fie. 211.—P. longiligulat- 
um. From type speci- 
men. 


2 Panicum longiligulatum and P. lindheimeri were also distributed under this seal 
Bot. ms Cok Gav: 128-1816. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 207 | 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Low pine barrens and swamps of the Coastal Plain, North Carolina to Florida and 
Louisiana. 


NortH Carona: Roanoke Island, Chase 3213, 3228, 3233; Wards Mill, Ota 
3175, 3179; Wilmington, Chase 3136, 3145, 3150, Hitchcock 372. 

Soutu CaRoLina: Orangeburg, eae 16; Hartsville, Coker in 1908. 

GeoraiA: Charlton County, Harper 
1575; Sumter County, Harper 
459; Bullock, Harper 839; 
Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 375. 

Firoripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 
4033; Baldwin, Hitchcock 988, 
1005; Chipley, Combs 569; 
Lake City, Combs 115; Milton, 
Chase 4808; Apalachicola, 
Chapman; Bay Head, Combs 
652; Santa Rosa, Combs 488, 
Tracy 8398, 8423; Warrington, 
Tracy 8413; Braidentown, 
Hitchcock 957, 958; Seminole, Tracy 7193 in part; Myers, Chase 4141, 4172, 
4188, Hitchcock 875, 881, Lee Co. Pl. 473. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Chase 4366, Hitchcock 1068; Ocean Springs, Kearney 288 in part, 
300 in part; Petit Bois Island, Tracy in 1898. 

LovuistAna: Abita Springs, Cocks 422. 


Fic. 212.—Distribution of P. longiligulaium. 


120. Panicum wrightianum Scribn. 


Panicum strictum Bosc; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Vege. 2: 447. 1817, not R. Br. 1810. 
This is described in a note under P. barbulatum Michx., from a specimen collected 
by Bose in ‘‘America sept.’’ and received from him under this name. The type, 
in the Munich Herbarium, is marked ‘‘Panicum strictum Bosc. Carolina, comm. 
Bose.’’? Two duplicates of it are in the Willdenow Herbarium, one bearing a new 
name bestowed by Panzer, but we can not find that this name has been published. 

Panicum minutulum Desv. Opusc. 87. 1833, not Gaud. 1826. The type, in the 
Desvaux Herbarium, consists of two plants beginning to branch. 

Panicum wrightianum Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 44. f. 4. 1898. 
“Cuba (No. 3463, C. Wright, 1865).’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is the 
early autumnal form and is the large plant figured with the original description. 

Trinius described®@ this species under the name ‘‘Panicum nodiflorum La M.,”’ 


citing P. strictum Bosc as a synonym. The specimen in the 
aN Trinius Herbarium is marked ‘‘Carolina, Bosc. sub nom. P. 

()) () strictum Bosc.”’ 

wy 
Vernal culms weak and slender, ascending from a decumbent 
9 — ; j= 

eee base, or rarely at first erect, 15 to 40 cm., or rarely 60 cm. high, 
See minutely puberulent; sheaths striate, shorter than the inter- 
nodes, glabrous, except the summit and ciliate margin, or puber- 
ulent; ligules 2 to 3 mm. long; blades spreading, 2 to 4 cm. long, 3 to 5 or rarely 6 
mm. wide, glabrous or puberulent beneath and minutely pilose above; panicles 


oblong-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, one-third to half as wide, the branches ascending, 
the minute spikelets long-pediceled; spikelets 0.95 to 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, 


DESCRIPTION. 


a Gram. Pan. 241. 1826. 


208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ellipsoid, turgid, subacute, pubescent; first glume about one-fourth as long as the 
spikelet; second glume shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 0.8 mm. long, 
0.5 mm. wide, subacute. 

Autumnal form decumbent-spreading, the culms sending out from the lower and 
middle nodes numerous ascending branches, becoming somewhat bushy branched, 
the flat or subinvolute blades and secondary panicles not much reduced. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Along the margins of streams and ponds in sandy or mucky soil, southern New 
Jersey to Florida and west to Texas; also in Cuba. 
New Jersey: Bennett, Stone in 1909. 
Norra Carona: Wilsons Mills, Chase 3096; Wilmington, Chase 3135, Hitch- 
cock 373, 374, Kearney 246. 
GrorciA: Hawkinsville, Biltmore 
Herb. 7080a (Biltmore Herb.). 
Fiorimpa: Live Oak, Curtiss 6652; 
Madison County, Combs 290; 
De Funiak Springs, Combs 441, 
477, Curtiss 5912; Monticello, 
Combs 347, 354; Washington 
County, Combs 552, 664; Pen- 
sacola, Combs 524; Grasmere, 


Combs 1068, 1087; Marianna, 
Tra cy 3644. Fig. 214.—Distribution of P. wrightianum. 


AtaBAMA: Mobile, Kearney 49 in part. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Kearney 307; Horn Island, TYracy 2861; Petit Bois Island, 
Tracy 4611. 

Texas: Without locality, Wright (Gray Herb.). 

Cusa: Without locality, Wright 3463 in part. 


Lanuginosa.—Plants more or less pubescent throughout, usually conspicuously so; 
ligules densely hairy, 2 to 5 mm. long; blades not over 1 cm. wide, usually 
narrower; spikelets 1.3 to 3 mm. long, pubescent, the second glume and 
sterile lemma, 5 to 7 or in the larger spikelets 7 to 9-nerved. Autumnal form 
usually freely branching, secondary leaves and panicles much reduced. 

These species were usually referred by the earlier American authors to P. 
pubescens Lam. or Michx. 

Spikelets not over 2 mm. long. 

Plants grayish, velvety-pubescent. 
Spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long; autumnal blades 
involute-pointed (see also P. albemarlense)....128. P. auburne. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm. long; autumnal blades flat. 
Plants dark or olive green when dry; spikelets 
1.9 to 2 mm. long. 
Freely branching from lower nodes, decum- 
bent; vernal blades puberulent on 
both suraces. ae). Ano s4 era ee ae 130. P. olivaceum. 
Sparingly branching from middle nodes, 
erect; vernal blades sparingly pilose 
On dip perisuriace.s.se 2 sade Seo 129. P. thurown. 
Plants light or yellow green when dry. 
Autumnal form prostrate, branching from 
base and lower nodes, forming close 
mats; blades not ciliate; around hot 
springsasGiie Cae ee Le eee 135. P. thermale, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 209 


Autumnal form ascending or spreading, 
branching from middle and upper 
nodes; the reduced, fascicled blades 
strongly ciliate. 
Culms 40 to 70 cm. high, autumnal 
culms usually 40 to 50 cm. long; 
southeasterm Ui. S200 eee: A 126. P. lanuginosum. 
Culms 20 to 40 cm. high, autumnal 
culms usually 20 to 30 cm. long, 
the early branches zigzag; West 
Indies esas seer a Pe ee ee is. 127. P. acuminatum. 
Plants pubescent, often villous, but not velvety. 
Culms conspicuously pilose with long, horizontally 
spreading hairs; branching before expansion of 
pian. panicled: 2. se02 56 Say ae ek bs 131. P. praecocius. 
Culms variously pubescent, if pilose the hairs not 
long and horizontally spreading. 
Vernal blades glabrous or nearly so on the upper 
surface, firm in texture. 
Autumnal culms branching from the lower 
nodes, forming a spreading bunch 10 
tonlovem=ighss(Paciticslope: fo... .3% 133. P. occidentale. 
_ Autumnal culms branching from the middle 
nodes, forming widely spreading mats; 
Atlantic slope (see also form of P. hua- 
GIUCHCSILURCOIG at ek Het Paks, Cisne ts 22 125. P. tennesseense. 
Vernal blades pubescent on upper surface, some- 
times pilose near base and margins only. 
Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long; vernal blades 
long-pilose on upper surface. 
Autumnal form widely decumbent- 
spreading, forming a mat; vernal 
culms soon geniculate-spreading; 
plamtscolayaceoust: +35. 22. 122. P. albemarlense. 
Autumnal form erect or leaning, never 
forming a mat; plants yellowish- 
green. 
Axis of panicle pilose, panicle 
branches tangled, the lower 
Coli gO10) 0) Lil Scr is RAL OI ies MR 123. P. implicatum. 
Axis of panicle puberulent only, 
panicle branches not tangled, 
the lower ascending.......... 121. P. meridionale. 
Spikelets 1.6 to 2 mm. long; vernal blades 
pilose or pubescent. 
Upper surface of blades pilose; spike- 
lets-1.8 to 2 mm. long; autumnal 
form decumbent-spreading. 
Spikelets pointed; culms weak and 
Termes Sones Bi Sa hae Conyac 136. P. languidum. 
Spikelets obtuse; culms not weak 
and lax. 


41616°—vo1t 15—10——14 


e 


210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Culms leafy below, branching 
from base and lower nodes; 
Maine to Mime © as 132. P. subvillosum. 
Culms evenly leafy, branch- 
ing from upper nodes; 
Pacilic slope: 225.05. 5. 134. P. pacificum. 
Upper surface of blades appressed- 
pubescent or pilose toward the 
base only; spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 
mm. long; autumnal form not de- 
cumbent-spreading. 


Bladesistitl, erect: : 2501-25 eenaeeee 124. P. huachucae. 
Blades lax, spreading....-.......... 124a. P. huachucae sil- 
vicola. 


Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more long. 
Spikelets 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long. 
Pubescence on culms horizontally spreading; autum- 
nal form freely branching... sae ie ..-187. P. villosissimum. 
Pubescence on culms appressed or Ohemarce. ae 
nal form rather sparingly branching. 
Upper internodes shortened, the leaves approxi- 
mate, blades often copa the panicle; 


anlpeserned Sparse anc shill sbe Gee eae 140. P. scoparioides. 
Upper internodes not shortened, the copious 
pubescence sUlkys se tece ee eee 138. P.  pseudopubes- 


cens. 

Spikelets 2.7 to 2.9 mm. long. 

Culms stiff; blades conspicuously ciliate; southern 
NCL AMIENCRC ODS Us tel ai Detects erie Ieee ge te 139. P. ovale. 


. shastense. 


Hebe] 


121. Panicum meridionale Ashe. 


Panicum meridionale Ashe, Journ. Elisha, Mitchell Soc. 15: 59. 1898. ‘‘ North Caro- 
lina, Chapel Hill in June, 1898; and Jonas Ridge, Burke Co., June, 1893. * * * 
Dry rocky woods.’’ The type could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. In the 
National Herbarium are two specimens, one from Chapel Hill and one from Burke 
County, collected by Ashe and labeled in his writing as this species. The first speci- 
men is a tuft of very slender vernal culms, each bearing but three distant leaves, with 
panicles 2 to 3 cm. long. This specimen does not agree so well with the description 
as the Burke County plant, which is therefore chosen to represent the type. In this 
the culms are numerous, less delicate, erect, 10 to 15 cm. high. The spikelets are 
described as glabrous, but in both specimens they are minutely pubescent. 

Panicum filiculme Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 59. 1898, not Hack. 1895. 
‘‘Dry soil, middle North Carolina to Georgia in the Piedmont plateau region. * * * 
North Carolina: Ashe; Chapel Hill, 1898. Georgia: Small; Stone Mt., Aug. 1895.”’ 
The type could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium. _In the National Herbarium is a 
specimen from Stone Mountain, Georgia, collected by Ashe, which answers to the 
description. The culms are erect, slender, 12 to 20 cm. high, with small panicles 
about 2 cm. long. The culms are the early autumnal form ale a few erect fascicles 
of secondary branches. This specimen differs somewhat in aspect from the type of 
P. meridionale, but they are forms of the same species. . 

? Panicum microphyllum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 61.1898. ‘‘Col- 
lected by the writer June, 1898, at Chapel Hill, N. C., in moist sunny woods.’”’ The 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE-—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 211 


type could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium, nor any specimens so named by him. 
The description seems to apply to the autumnal form of P. meridionale, though the 
culms and sheaths described as “‘glabrous or pubescent, ” seems to indicate that some 
material of P. tenue or other species of the Ensifolia was mixed with it. 

Panicum unciphyllum meridionale Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3: 123. 1901. Based 
on P. meridionale Ashe. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form tufted; culms 15 to 40 cm. high, pilose below, the upper portion and 
the axis of the panicle appressed-pubescent, or the latter often nearly glabrous; lower 
sheaths pilose, upper minutely appressed-pubescent; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades 
1.5 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, long-pilose on the upper surface, the hairs erect, 
less dense than in P. implicatum,; panicles 1.5 to 4 cm. long, nearly or quite as wide, 
ovate or rhombic, the branches ascending; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, 
obovate, obtuse, minutely papillose-pubescent; first glume one-fourth to one-third the 
length of the spikelet, acute or subacute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, as 
long as the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. 
wide; broadly elliptic, obscurely pointed. 

Autumnal form erect or nearly so, with fascicled 
branchlets from all the nodes; leaves and panicles not 
greatly reduced, the latter included late in the season; 
winter leaves lanceolate, long-pilose toward the base, the 
rosette formed rather late. 

This species resembles P. implicatum in the vernal form 
but is more slender and less pilose. The axis of the 
panicle in P. implicatum is pilose, while in P. meridionale it is typically glabrous or 
somewhat puberulent but not pilose. 

A late autumnal specimen, Chase 1472, Irondale, Chicago, IIl:, is referred here, 
doubtfully, because of the scanty pubescence, but the presence of papillee suggests 
that the hairs have been worn off; the spikelets are 1.4 mm. long. 

Exceptional specimens pilose in the panicle closely approach slender specimens of 
P.implicatum. This form is represented by Wheeler 24 and 28. 


Fic. 215.—P. meridionale. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy or sterile woods and clearings, Rhode Island to Wisconsin and south to 
Alabama. 

Connecticut: Waterford, Graves 171, 172; South Glastonbury, Wilson 1258. 

Ruope Istanp: Kingston, Collins 
in 1908. 

New York: Lawrence, Bicknell in 
1902 and 1906; Valley Stream, . 
Bicknell in 1905; Hempstead, 
Bicknell in 1908; Hewlett, 
Bicknell in 1906; Woodmere, 
Bicknell in 1902. 

New Jersey: Oradell, Mackenzie 
2477; Atsion, Chase 35344; 
South Amboy, Mackenzie 2710. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Refton, Heller 
4790. 

InprANA: Lake County, Bebb 2815, 2936, 2947; Dune Park, Hill 98 in 1905, 
Umbach 1087, 1800. 

Inuino1s: Chicago, Hill 145 in 1906. 


Fig. 216.—Distribution of P. meridionale. 


A CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. » 


MicuicaNn: Port Huron, Dodge in 1909; Twin Lakes, Wheeler 24, 28; Magician 
Lake, Umbach 2155. 

Wisconsin: Lacrosse, in 1899, name of collector not given (Univ. Vt. Herb.). 

DELAWARE: Deakynes Landing, Commons 286. 

MaryYLAND: Between Chesapeake Beach and Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 
1629, 1636; Lanham, Chase 3466, Hitchcock 2395; Patuxent, House 957. 

District oF CoLumBIA: Chase 2428, Hitchcock 384, Pollard 353, Ward in 1878. 

Vireinia: Portsmouth, Chase 3683; Dismal Swamp, Tyler in 1905. 

Norta Carona: Highlands, J. D. Smith in 1882, Wilsons Mills, Chase 3100. 

Groreis: Blue Ridge, Ruth in 1900; Rabun County, House 2258; Stone Moun- 
tain, Hitchcock 385. 

TENNESSEE: Ducktown, Chambliss 24, 25. 

ALABAMA: Pisgah, Chase 4478. 


122. Panicum albemarlense Ashe. 


Panicum velutinum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 315. 1825, not Meyer, 1818. This 
herbarium name is given as a synonym under P. lanuginosum Ell. and credited to 
‘(W. herb.’”’? The specimen, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is the vernal form of 
P. albemarlense. ; 

Panicum albemarlense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 84. 1900. ‘‘Common 
in well drained open woods in Beaufort and Hyde counties, N. C., where the type 
material was collected by me May 26, 1899, near Scranton.’”’ The type specimen has 
been arbitrarily chosen from unmounted material in Ashe’s herbarium in a cover 
marked on the outside.‘‘ P. albemarlense,’’ and on asheet upon which is written ‘‘ Pani- 
cum ? very common in N. H. Beaufort County, also in Hyde, in open woods well 
drained.’’ There is nothing to indicate in which place the specimens were collected, 
‘except the published statement cited above. All the specimens are of the vernal 
form. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form olivaceous; culms cespitose, 25 to 45 cm. high, slender, at first erect or 
ascending, soon becoming geniculate at the lower nodes and more or less spreading; 
culms, sheaths, and blades grayish-villous, the blades 4.5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide, ascending, the upper suriace puberulent as well as long-villous; panicles 3 to 
5 cm. long, about as wide, more densely flowered than 
P. meridionale, axis puberulent, branches ascending; 
spikelets 1.4 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, blunt and tur- 
gid, pilose; first glume about two-fifths the length of 
the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma sub- 
equal, the glume scarcely equaling the fruit at matu- 
rity; fruit 1.25 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, obtuse. 

Autumnal form widely decumbent-spreading or as- 
cending, freely branching at all but the uppermost 
nodes, the branches narrowly ascending, the reduced, flat blades mostly exceeding 
the panicles. — 

Allied to P. meridionale, from which it differs mostly in the usually stouter, spreading 
culms, which often form large mats in the autumn, and in the softer, denser pubescence 
which gives the entire plant a grayish tone. | 

Two specimens from Wilsons Mills, N. C., Chase 31004 and 3106 are doubtfully 
referred here. The spikelets are 1.6 mm. long, and the whole plants suggest a very 
slender vernal form of P. aciculare. 


Fig. 217.—P. albemarlense. From 
type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 213 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low sandy woods or open ground of the Coastal Plain, Connecticut to Michigan and 
south to North Carolina. 
Massacuusetts: Nantucket Island, Bicknell in 1899 and 1906. 
Connecticut: Waterford, Graves in 1898. 
New York: Garden City, Bicknell in 1906; Woodmere, Bicknell in 1902; Valley 
Stream, Bicknell in 1904; 
Hempstead, Bicknell in 1906. 
New Jersey: Grenloch, Heritage 
in 1897 (Phila. Acad. Herb.). 
PENNSYLVANIA: Woodbourne, 
Jahn in 1904 (Phila. Acad. 


Herb.). 
InpIANA: Dune Park, Mill 53 in 
1907. 
Micuican: Cass County, Pepoon 
in 1904. 
Marytanp: Chesapeake Beach, Fig. 218.—Disiribution of P. albemarlense. 


Hitchcock 1612; Chesapeake 
Junction, Hitchcock 2409; Beltsville, Chase 3745, 3757, 3762, 3825; Pindell, 
Hitchcock 1628. 

District oF CoLtumBia: Hitchcock 126, Kearney 27. 

VirGinia: Cape Henry, Chase 2339. 

Nortu CArotina: Washington, Ashe in 1899; Scranton, Chase 3201; Beaufort 
and Hyde counties, Ashe. 

TENNESSEE: Tullahoma, Biltmore Herb. 9953c (Biltmore Herb.). 


123. Panicum implicatum Scribn. 


Panicum implicatum Scribn. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 43. f. 2. 1898. 
‘‘Low marshy ground, Cape Elizabeth, Maine. Collected by F. Lamson-Scribner, 
July 26, 1895.”’ The type, in Hitchcock’s herbarium, consists of several plants in the 
early branching state, 45 to 50 cm. high, with mature primary panicles 5.5 cm. long 
and smaller secondary ones. There is a duplicate type in the National Herbarium. 

Panicum unciphyllum implicatum Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3: 123.1901. Based 
on Panicum implicatum Scribn. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form with tufted, slender culms 20 to 55 cm. high, erect or ascending, papil- 
lose-pilose, with spreading hairs; sheaths shorter than the internodes, papillose- 
pilose; ligules 4 to 5 mm. long; blades firm, erect or ascending, 3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 6 
mm. wide, rarely longer or wider, more or less involute- 
acuminate, the upper surface pilose with erect hairs 3 to 
4 mm. long, the lower surface papillose-pubescent with 
subappressed hairs; primary panicles long-exserted, py- 
ramidal in outline, 3 to6 cm. long, about as wide, the 
axis long-pilose, the branches flexuous, in typical speci- 
mens tangled and the lower drooping; spikelets 1.5 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, papillose-pilose; 
first glume about one-fourth the length of the spikelet, 
obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.3 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, obtuse, very minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form erect or spreading, rather loosely branching from the lower and mid- 
dle nodes, the primary culms becoming more or less geniculate below; leaves and pani- 
cles reduced; winter leaves lanceolate-ovate, pilose above; the rosette appearing late. 


Fic.219.—P.implicatum. From 
type specimen. 


914 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The type specimens of P. meridionale and P. implicatum as well as the greater num- 
ber of the specimens referred to each respectively seem specifically distinct, P. 
implicatum being distinguished by the implicate panicle, with pilose axis and drooping 
branches, and less delicate culms than those of P. meridionale; but in occasional 
specimens these distinctions do not hold good. These intermediate specimens are 
referred to P. meridionale or to P. implicatum according to their apparent affinity to 
the type of the one or the other respectively. More robust specimens of P. implicatum 
approach P. huachucae. One specimen, Dodge 38, Port Huron, Michigan, has the char- 
acteristic habit of P. implicatum, but the axes of the implicate panicles are not pilose. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet meadows, bogs, and sandy soil, cedar and hemlock swamps, Nova Scotia to 
New York and west to Michigan and lowa. 

Nova Scotia: Digby, Howe & Lang 190 (Gray Herb.). 

New Brunswick: St. Andrews, Fowler in 1900. 

QurBEc: Lake Memphremagog, Churchill in 1902 (Gray Herb.). 

MaInE: Cape Elizabeth, Chase 3454, 3459, Scribner in 1895; East Auburn, Merrill 
2, 7, 8, 9, 16; Manchester, Scribner 14, 15; Cumiberlaiel Ricker 1277; North 
Berwick, Parlin 1188, 1198; Farmington, Fernald 500; Foxcroft, Fernald 502; 
Orono, Fernald 504; Fayette, Chase 3392; Chesterville, Chase 3436; Canton, 
Parlin 2000. 

New Hampsuire: Jaffrey, Hitchcock 127; White Mountains, Hitchcock 130. 

Vermont: Barnet, Blanchard in 
1888; Burlington, Hitchcock 
Bee 

MASSACHUSETTS: Cambridge, 
Blankinship in 1896. 

ConneEctTicuT: Southington, An- 
drews 20, Bissell 5590, 5622, 
12002; Waterford, Graves 165; 
Griswold, Graves 78. 

RuopE Is~tanp: Buttonwoods, 
Bailey in 1890 (Brown Univ. 
Herb.). 

New Yorx: Preston, Coville in 
1884; Washington County, Burnham 25; Utica, Haberer in 1900; Verona, 
Haberer in 1900; Sylvan Beach, House 1231; Chautauqua, Hill 184 in 1907; 
Jamaica, Bicknell in 1904; Valley Stream, Bicknell in 1905; Rosedale, Bick- 
nell in 1904. 

Ontario: Algonquin Park, Macoun 22024. 

Ouro: Sandusky, Morris A55; Hawks, Kellerman 6885. 

Inprana: Miller, Chase 1546; Dune Park, Hill 99 in 1905, 185 in 1907; Porter 
County, Hill 163 in 1906. 

Intinors: Oregon, Waite in 1885; Manito, Wilcox 57; Chicago, Nelson 66. 

Micuican: Port Huron, Dodge in 1909; Keweenaw County, Farwell 597b, 643a; 
Port Alger, Wheeler in 1895. 

Wisconsin: Sauk County, Eggert in 1903 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Iowa: Iowa City, Shimek 10; without locality, Ball 817. 


Fig. 220.—Distribution of P. implicatum. 


124. Panicum huachucae Ashe. 


Panicum nitidum pilosum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 146. 1824, not P. pilosum 
Swartz, 1788. ‘‘In dry woods, &c. New-York.’’ The type, in the Torrey Herbarium, 
consists of four vernal culms with immature panicles. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 215 


Panicum huachucae Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 51. 1898. ‘‘Based on: 
Lemmon: P. dichotomum var. nitidum, subvar. barbulatum; Huachuca Mountains, 
Arizona, 1882.’’ Such a specimen could not be found in Ashe’s herbarium, but in 
the National Herbarium is a specimen so labeled which agrees with the description 
and which is doubtless the type, since Mr. Ashe visited the National Herbarium in 
the summer of 1898 and took notes on species of Panicum. This specimen consists 
of several slender culms beginning to branch and with overmature panicles. 

Panicum lanuginosum huachucae Hitche. Rhodora 8: 208. 1906. Based on Panicum 
huachucae Ashe. 

This species has been referred by some recent American authors@ to Panicum 
unciphyllum Trin.> 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose, usually stiffly upright, light olivaceous, often purplish, 
harsh to the touch from the copious, spreading, papillose pubescence of culms and 
leaves; culms 20 to 60 cm. high; nodes bearded with spreading hairs; sheaths shorter 
than the internodes; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades firm, stiffly erect or ascending, 
4 to 8 em. long, 6 to8 mm. wide, the veins inconspicuous, the upper surface copiously 
short-pilose, especially toward the base, the lower 
surface densely pubescent; panicle rather short- 
exserted until maturity, 4 to 6 cm. long, nearly as 
wide, rather densely fiowered, the axis and often 
the branches pilose, the flexuous, fascicled 
branches ascending or spreading, short spikelet- 
bearing branchlets at base of the fascicles; spike- 
lets 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obovate, 
obtuse, turgid, papillose-pubescent; first glume 
about one-third the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 
scarcely covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
obscurely apiculate. 

Autumnal form stiffly erect or ascending, the culms and sheaths sometimes papillose 
only, the branches fascicled, the reduced, crowded leaves ascending, the blades 2 to 
3 cm. long, much exceeding the reduced panicles. 

This species is variable as to amount of pubescence and as to the stiffness of the 
leaves, and it intergrades with the following subspecies. A specimen collected by 
Havard at El Paso, Texas, is referred here, though it is an unusual form with wider 
blades and spreading habit suggesting P. lindheimert. : 


Fig. 221.—P.huachucae. From type speci- 
men in National Herbarium. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies and open ground, Maine to South Dakota and south to North Carolina and 
southern California. 


Marne: North Berwick, Parlin 1186, 1189. 
_ Vermont: Burlington, Hitchcock 133. 

MassacHuseEtts: Wellesley, Smith 737. 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 70; New London, Graves 4. 

New Yorx: Vaughns, Burnham in 1897; Pavilion, Hill 182 in 1907; Westfield, 
Mill 171 in 1907; Jamaica, Bicknell in 1905; Hempstead, Bicknell in 1903; 
Woodmere, Bicknell in 1907. 

Ontario: Galt, Herriot 14; Niagara, Macoun 26337; Belleville, Macoun 29369; 
Long Point, Herriot 44. 

New Jersey: Netcong, Mackenzie 2075. 


a@Scribner and Merrill, Rhodora3: 121. 1901; Nash in Britton, Man. 1040. 1901. 
6b See synonymy under P. tenue Muhl., page 259. 


916 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1893. 

Outro: Big Darby, Morris 9; Lancaster, Kellerman 6769; Steubenville, Kellerman 
6785; Mount Gilead, Kellerman 6873; Vinton, Kellerman 6893. 

Inp1mANA: Clark Junction, Bebb 520, Umbach 1816; Gibson, Hill 98 in 1908. 

Inuinors: Waukegan, Gleason & Shobe 324; Chicago, Hill 130 in 1905, Somes 210; 
Beach, Umbach 2237, 2244; Williamsfield, V. H. Chase 1858; Waucanda, Hill 
217 in 1898. 

MicuicaN: Detroit, Farwell 643b, 1382 in part; Howard Terrace, Wheeler in 1899. 

Wisconsin: Northwest Wisconsin, 
Wood in 1889; Doherty Lake, 
Cheney 1107; Drummond, 
Cheney 4104; Madeline Island, 
Cheney 5638. 

Minnesota: Nicollet, Ballard in 
1892; Spring Lake, Ballard 
544; Minneapolis, Sandberg 
316; Center City, Sandberg 666; 
Thompson, Sandberg 385. 

Sout Daxorta: Black Hills, Ryd- 
berg 1099. 

Towa: Mount Pleasant, Mills in 1894; Fayette County, Fink 562. 

NesrasKA: Ewing, Bates 1003; Thomas County, Rydberg 1368. 

Missourt: Allenton, Kellogg 16. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 2528, Kellerman in 1888. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Canby in 1898. 

District or CoLtumBIA: Sudworth in 1889. 

Virernia: Ashland, De Chalmot. 2 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 58 in part; Lexington, Short 9 (Gray Herb.). 

Misstssrppr: Agency, Tracy 3190. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 2332 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Texas: El Paso, Havard in 1881. 

Montana: Without locality, Williams in 1887. 

Arizona: Huachuca Mountains, Lemmon 2907. 

CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2737 (Gray Herb.). 

The Montana specimen, though from beyond the known range of this species, is 
fairly typical. 


. Fig. 222.—Distribution of P. huachucae. 


124a. Panicum huachucae silvicola Hitchc. & Chase. 


Panicum dichotomum fasciculatum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 145. 1824, not P. 
fasciculatum Swartz, 1788. ‘‘In sandy fields, New-Jersey.’’ The type, in Columbia 
University Herbarium, is a late autumnal specimen with tufts of short branches at the 
nodes. 

Panicum mtidum ciliatum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 146. 1824, not P. ciliatum 
Ell. 1816. ‘‘In the pine-barrens of New-Jersey.’’ The type, in Columbia University 
Herbarium, isa single vernal culm. 

Panicum huachucae silvicola Hitche. & Chase in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 64. 1908. 
“Type, District of Columbia, Chase, no. 2400, in National Herbarium.’’ The speci- 
men is a small clump of vernal culms beginning to branch and with mature primary 
panicles. 

This is the form described by Scribner and Merrill@ under the name P. lanugi- 
nosum Ell. 


a@U.S8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 29: 7. 1901. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. Bin 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form taller and more slender, brighter green and less densely pubescent than 
in P. huachucae; culms 30 to 75 cm. high, suberect or ascending, papillose-pilose with 
spreading hairs; nodes bearded with reflexed hairs, usually a glabrous ring below; 
sheaths papillose-pilose; blades thin, lax and spreading, 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide, the veins inconspicuous; upper surface sparsely short-pilose or with copious 
long hairs toward the base; lower surface pubescent and with a satiny luster; panicles 
exserted, 5 to 8 cm. rarely 10 cm. long, nearly as wide, rather densely flowered, the 
axis pilose, the fiexuous, fascicled branches spreading, with short spikelet-bearing 
branchlets at the base of the fascicles; spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, 0.8 to 1 mm. wide, 
elliptic-obovate, at maturity subobtuse, pubescent with spreading hairs; first glume 
one-fourth to one-third the length of the spikelet, obtuse 
or subacute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 
slightly shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.5 mm. 
long, 0.8 to 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form more or less decumbent, the numer- 
ous fascicled branches shorter than the primary inter- 
nodes, at least late in the season, the reduced spreading 
leaves sometimes nearly glabrous above except for a few 
long hairs near the base. 

The following specimens represent an extreme form 
with the upper surface of the blades nearly or quite glabrous, thus approaching P. 
tennesseense. They differ from that species in the thin, lax blades, with no marked 
white margin and without conspicuous veins. Maine: Westbrook, Ricker 666; Orono, 
Fernald 503; Massacuusetts: Framingham, Smith 739; Connecticut: Franklin, 
Graves 166; RHopE IsLAND: Providence, Battey in 1886; New Yorx: Ithaca, Ashe 
in 1898; New Jersey: Bear Swamp, Stone 3; PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1898; 
Germantown, Stone 5, 9; Iowa: Appanoose County, Fitzpatrick 38; DistRicr oF 
CotumsBia: Kearney 33, Steele in 1900; Norta Carorina: Chapel Hill, Chase 3049, 
3062, 3067; TENNESSEE: Polk County, Kearney 328; Texas: Ennis, Smith in 1897; 
OxtaHoMaA: Chelsea, Bush 1210. 


Fa. 223.—P. huachucag silvicola. 
From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open woods and clearings, Maine to northern Florida, west to Michigan, Nebraska, 
and Arizona. 


Maine: Falmouth, Chamberlain 513; Brewer, Knight 51; South Berwick, Parlin 
1181; Southport, Fernald 509. 

New Hampsutire: Langdon, Fernald in 1899. 

Vermont: Burlington, Jones in 1898; Brandon, Knowlton in 1882. 

MassacuuseEtts: Salem, Sears in 1883; Wellesley, Smith 735. 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 36, 64, 66; Groton, Graves 8; Waterford, 
Graves 156. 

RHODE IsLaNnp: Providence, Battey in 1886. 

New York: Sylvan Beach, Mazon 550; Oneida, Haberer in 1900, House 1136; 
Washington County, Burnham 14, 23; Gansevoort, Peck in 1897; Jamaica, 
Bicknell in 1904; Port Washington, Bicknell in 1908. 

Ontario: Galt, Herriot 53, 61, 93; Windsor, Macoun 26334. 

New Jersey: Clifton, Nash in 1892; South Amboy, Mackenzie 2159, 2169; Wild- 
wood, Chase 3508; Forked River, Chase 3580; Berkeley Heights, Mackenzie 
2249; Milburn, Mackenzie 2137; Cranberry Lake, Mackenzie 2197. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Refton, Heller 4791; Mount Hope, Heller 4785; McCalls Ferry, 
Rose & Painter 8133; Easton, Porter in 1895. 


218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Oxu10: Columbus, Morris 48; Painesville, Werner in 1885; Berea, Ashcroft in 1897; 
Krie County, Moseley in 1902; Big Darby, Kellerman 6758; Vinton, Kellerman 
6890, 6895. 

Inp1ana: Lafayette, Dorner 84, 91, 93; Steuben Gaunt Deam in 1903; Brazil, 
Somes 230. 

Inuinors: Downers Grove, Umbach 1820; Athens, Hall in 1861; Peoria, Brendel; 
Glastord, Wilcox 42; Princeville, V. H. Chase 81; Williamsfield, V. H. 
Chase 1851; Oregon, Waite in 1885; Mahomet, Gleason 1033; Makanda, 
Gleason 1028, 1030; Grand Tower, Gleason 1031. 

MicnicaNn: Port Huron, Dodge in 1909; Detroit, Farwell 597d, 1382 in part; Grand 
Beach Springs, Hill 83 and 85 in 1908. 

Towa: Ames, Ball 42, 157; Lebanon, Ball & Sample 35; Decatur County, Fitz- 
patrick 37; Fort Dodge, Somes 207. 

NEBRASKA: Pishelville, Clements 2983. 

Missourt: Courtney, Bush 734, 1713, 2996, 3968; Monteer, Bush, 746, 759, 760; 
Sibley, Bush 4002, 4803; Dodson, Bush 4024; Vale, Bush 3915; Pleasant 
Grove, Bush 309; St. Louis, 
Higgert 124, 235, Hitchcock 599; 
Jefferson County, Eggert 244, 
289. 

Kansas: Cherokee County, Hitch- 
cock Pl. Kan. 882; Manhattan, 
Fiitchcock 2523. 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 
289, 290, 292, 293, 360, 364; 
Wilmington, Commons 362. 

MARYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, 
Chase 3254; Owings, Hitchcock 
1621, 1624, 1630. 

District oF CotumBtA: Chase 2400, Kearney 22, Vasey in 1882, Ward in 1881. 

VireiniA: Alexandria County, Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 551, Hitchcock 
382, 383, Ward in 1879; Clifton Forge, Tidestrom 48. 

West Vireinia: Fairmont, Hitchcock 136; Morgantown, Hitchcock 137. 

NorruH Carouina: Chapel Hill, Ashe, Chase 3065, 3069. 

Groreia: Americus, Tracy 3889 in part; Augusta, Kearney 218 in part; Stone 
Mountain, Hitchcock 13574. 

FLoripa: Gainesville, Combs 751. 

TENNESSEE: Sherwood, Hggert 30, 245; Ducktown, Chambliss 23; Chester County, 
Bain 197. 

ALABAMA: Sand Mountain, Biltmore Herb. 14879b (Biltmore Herb.). 

Mississippi: Jackson, Hitchcock 1306; Fairport, Tracy 3208; Macon, Tracy 3223; 
Starkville, Tracy 1751; Agency, Tracy 3198. 

ARKANSAS: Prescott, Bush 251; Benton County, Plank 49. 

Lourstana: New Orleans, Drummond 454; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1255; West 
Feliciana, Cocks 3509. 

TEXAS: Waller County, Hitchcock 1214, Thurow 22; Gillespie County, Jermy 57; 
without locality, Reverchon 1075; iver eaaey, eee 4084. 

OxtaHoma: Chelsea, Bush 1210 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Eo 

Arizona: Tucson, Toumey 781. 


Fig. 224.—Distribution of P. huachucae silvicola. 


125. Panicum tennesseense Ashe. 


Panicum tennesscense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 52.1898. ‘‘Based on 
No. 7087 Biltmore Herbarium: Cedar glades, La Vergne Co., Tennessee.’’ The type 
specimen, in the Biltmore Herbarium, is the autumnal form, collected August 7, 1897. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 219 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form suberect or stiffly spreading, bluish green, often purplish; culms 25 to 
60 cm. high, slender, papillose-pilose, or the upper portion glabrous; sheaths spread- 
ine-pubescent, rarely nearly glabrous; ligules dense, 4 to 5 mm. long; blades firm 
with a thin white cartilaginous margin, ascending or suberect, 6 to 9 cm. long, 5 to 8 
mm.,rarely 10 mm., wide (the upper smaller), often sparsely ciliate at base, the veins 
usually conspicuous, the upper surface glabrous or with a few long, scattered hairs 
toward the base, the lower surface appressed-pubescent or nearly glabrous; panicle 
4 to 7 cm. long, nearly as wide, rather densely flowered, 
the lower branches ascending; spikelets 1.6 to 1.7 mm. 
long, 0.8 to 1 mm. wide, obovate-obtuse, turgid, pubes- 
cent; first glume about one-fourth the length of the 
spikelet; second glume shorter than the sterile lemma, 
leaving the summit of the fruit exposed at maturity; fruit 
1.4mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal form widely spreading or decumbent, with 
numerous fascicled, somewhat flabellate, branches, often 
forming prostrate mats; leaves much reduced, the blades 
usually ciliate at base; winter rosette formed early. 

This species resembles P. lindheimeri and P. huachucae silvicola. From the former 
it differs in the larger spikelets, pilose sheaths, and more or less white-margined blades, 
which are often pubescent beneath, from the latter, in the firmer blades, glabrous 
above, and from both in the prostrate, mat-like autumnal form. Two vernal specimens 
from Connecticut, Graves 13 and 75 in 1899, are referred here doubtfully because of the 
looser panicle and rather numerous hairs on the upper surface of the blades. Two 
specimens with spikelets about 2 mm. long are referred doubtiully to P. tennesseense, 
one from Jefferson County, Missouri (ggert 242) and one from Sapulpa, Oklahoma 
(Bush 711). 


Fic. 225.—P. tennesseense. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open rather moist ground and borders of woods, Maine to Minnesota, and south to 
Georgia, Mississippi, and Arkansas; also in Colorado and Utah. 


Marne: Dover, G. B. Fernald 507; St. Francis, Fernald 166a; Fort Fairfield, 
Fernald 166; Cape Elizabeth, 
Chase 3457; Chesterville, Chase 
3301; Fayette, Chase 3399; 
Hartford, Parlin 2017. ~ 

New Hampsurre: Nashua, Robin- 
son 789 (Gray Herb.). 

VERMONT: Westmore, Eggleston 
2181 (Gray Herb.). . 

MassacHuseEtts: Framingham, 
Smith 741, 743. 

ConNEcTicuT: Hartford, Driggs 3; 
Preston, Graves 11; Branford, 
Bissell 5611. 

.» Ruope Is~anp: Providence, Collins in 1891 (Gray Herb.). 

New York: Thousand Islands, Ball 816, Robinson & Maxon 86; Ithaca, Coville 
in 1885; Apalachin, Fenno 13, 17; Ausable Chasm, Jones in 1898; Jamaica, 
Bicknell in 1905; Valley Stream, Bicknell, in 1905; Rosedale, Bicknell in 1904; 
Rockville Center, Bicknell in 1902; Edgemere, Bicknell in 1902; Hewlett, 
Bicknell in 1905. 

Ontario: Algonquin Park, Macoun 72965. 


Fig. 226.—Distribution of P. tennesscense. 


220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


New Jersey: Wildwood, Chase 3503; South Amboy, Mackenzie 1459; Netcong, 
Mackenzie 2076. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1892, 1895, and 1898; Lancaster County, 
Heller 4774, 4778; Germantown, Stone 8, 13; Safe Harbor, Small in 1889; 
Sayre, Barbour in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 4854; Rockdale, Pretz 2022. 

Outro: Berea, Ashcroft in 1897. 

Inp1iANA: Clark Junction, Bebb 2881; Indiana Harbor, Chase 1904; Anderson, 
Deam 2065. 

Inurots: Zion City, Arll 141 in 1905. 

Micuican: Grand Beach B pres, Hill 86 in 1908; Petoskey, Hili 162 in 1878 
(Hitchcock Herb.). 

Wisconsin: Racine, Wadmond 3424b; Webster, Cheney 3409; Stevens Point, 
Cheney 3471. 

Minnesota: Milaca, Sheldon 2743. 

Iowa: Fort Dodge, Somes 153. 

NEBRASKA: Minden, Hapeman in 1907. 

Missourt: Williamsville, Eggert 243; Swan, Bush 4532; Monteer, Bush 4684; 
Vale, Bush 3914. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Chase 3617, Commons 365. 

MaryLanb: Chesapeake Beach, Chase 3260; Potomac Valley a few miles above 
Washington, Chase 2463, 2849, 2874, 3274, 3275, 5424, 5425, Hitchcock 138, 
Kearney in 1897. 

District oF CoLtumsBia: Ball in 1902, Kearney 29a, Hitchcock 505, Pollard 523. 

VirerniA: Fairfax County, Hitchcock 139; Clifton Forge, Tidestrom 5. 

West VIRGINIA: Quinnemont, Pollard & Maxon 22. 

NortH Carona: Asheville, Boynton 2; Hendersonville, Biltmore Herb. 5184b; 
Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 698b; Macon County, Boyeran a 

GeEorGiIA: Stone Mountain, Hicheock 1358. 

Kentucky: Lexington, Peter in 1833 (Ky. State Univ. Herb.). 

TENNESSEE: Knox County, Kearney in 18938. 

ALABAMA: Pisgah, Chase 4477; Scottsboro, Chase 4499. 

MississipP1: Panola County, Eggert 296. 

ARKANSAS: Texarkana, Heller 4160. 

OxLAHomA: Sapulpa, Bush 712. 

CoLoRADo: South Boulder, Jones 619. 

UtaH: Springdale, Jones 6069. 

Arizona: Santa Catalina Mountains, Thornber 308 (Jones Herb.). 


126. Panicum lanuginosum Ell. 


Panicum lanuginosum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 123. 1816. ‘“‘Grows in Georgia. 
Sent to me by Dr. Baldwin.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of a single 
culm lacking the base, with four leaves and primary panicle included at base; the 
spikelets, which are immature, are 1.8 mm. long, and 0.8mm. wide. The accompany- 
ing label reads: ‘‘Panicum Lanuginosum. Hab. Georg: Dr. Baldwin.”’ 

Panicum dichotomum lanuginosum Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 1861. Presum- 
ably based on P. lanuginosum Ell., no synonymy nor locality being cited. 

Panicum orangensis[e] Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 113. 1899. “‘I 
have collected the plant at two stations, both in Orange County, N.C.” ‘‘Collected 
in June, 1898.’’ No specimen bearing this name could be found in Ashe’s herbarium. 
There is, however, a cover containing specimens collected at Chapel Hill, Orange 
County, North Carolina, June 29, 1898. On this cover are notes which indicate that 
Ashe considered the species allied to P. lanuginosum. The description of P. orangense 


@'This number in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. is P. huachucae silvicola. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 221 


agrees with these specimens except that the spikelets are said to be glabrous. But 
this statement is probably an error of observation or of description, since the author 
adds, “‘Related to, Panicum lanuginosum Ell., and separated from it by having a 
longer, softer pubescence and its leaves not being ciliate.’’ Since the spikelets of 
P. lanuginosum as described by Ashe (P. huachucae silvicola) are pubescent, this dif- 
ference would probably have been noted in the contrast of the two species. A por- 
tion of the specimen mentioned above has been deposited in the National Herbarium 
and has been chosen as the type of P. orangense Ashe. Itis the early autumnal form. 
Panicum ciliosum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 568. 1899. ‘‘Type collected by 
S. M. Tracy, at Biloxi, Mississippi, September 1, 1898, no. 4580.’’ The type, in 
Nash’s herbarium, is the early autumnal form with a simple culm and primary panicle 
attached, and without the winter rosette. The specimen of Tracy 4580 in the National 
Herbarium has a winter rosette, the blades 4 to 6 cm. long. In the description the 
ligule is said to be ‘‘about 0.5 mm. long”’ but in the type it measures 3 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. : 


Vernal form grayish olive green, velvety to the touch; culms tufted, usually in - 
large clumps, 40 to 70 cm. long, slender, lax, spreading, densely villous with fine, 
soit hairs arising from small papille; nodes villous, often a glabrous ring below; 
sheaths shorter than the internodes, soft-villous like the culm, or the upper puberulent 
only, ciliate on the margin; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades thickish but not stiff, 
ascending or spreading, somewhat incurved or spoon-shaped, 5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 
mm. wide (the uppermost much smaller), acuminate, narrowed toward the rounded 
base, the margins sometimes papillose-ciliate, the upper surface clothed with short, 
soft hairs with long soft hairs intermixed, especially toward the margins and base, the 
lower suriace densely velvety-pubescent; panicles exserted, 6 to 12 cm. long, about 
as wide, loosely flowered, the axis pubescent, the slender flexuous branches spreading 
or ascending, the lower often drooping; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
obovate-elliptic, subobtuse, pubescent; first glume one-third the length of the spike- 
let, obtuse or obscurely pointed; second glume and 
sterile lemma equal, slightly shorter than the fruit 
at maturity; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, ellip- 
tic, subacute. 

Autumnal form widely spreading or decumbent, 
freely branching from the middle nodes, the branches 
repeatedly branching and much exceeding the 
internodes, the ultimate branchlets forming flabel- 
late fascicles; leaves and panicles much reduced, 
the fiat blades almost always ciliate and exceeding 

the panicles; winter rosette not appearing until late, the blades 4 to 5 cm. long, 
usually ciliate, otherwise minutely velvety or nearly glabrous. 

The plant bears some resemblance in color and pubescence to P. scoparium, but is 
smaller and much more slender. The vernal form also resembles P. huachucae silvicola 
but is larger and more velvety and is gray-green in color rather than bright green. 

-It may be that the form described by Nash as P. ciliosum is a distinct species. 
It differs in having blades glabrous on the upper surface or with a few long hairs only, 
but not velvety, and winter rosettes of large blades. The typical form has been found 
only in Tracy’s garden, at Biloxi, in cultivated soil. Other Biloxi specimens lack 
the large rosettes, probably because not growing in cultivated soil. The following 
specimens, because of the lack of velvety pubescence on the upper surface of the 
-blades, maybe referred to this form: Mississippi: Biloxi, Chase 4331, Hitchcock 
1079, Tracy 1735, 2867, 3620, 3622, 3645, 4580, 4605; Ocean Springs, Tracy 6469. 
LOUISIANA: Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1152, Chase 4401. 


Fic. 227.—P. lanuginosum. From 
type specimen. 


299 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy woods, mostly near the coast, New Jersey to Florida and Texas. 


New Jersey: Wildwood, Chase 3488, 3505, Heritage 6. 

DELAWARE: Milton, Commons 342; Lewes, Hitchcock 387. 

MARYLAND: Between Chesapeake Beach and Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 
1613, 1638. 

VireiniA: Dismal Swamp, Chase 3663, Tyler in 1905; Norfolk County, Kearney 
1559; Virginia Beach, Kearney 2043; Cape Henry, Chase 5426. 

NortH Capen Chapei Hull, Ashe in 1898, Chase 3068, 3076; Raleigh, Chase 
3086; Wilsons Mills, Chase 
3107; Lake Mattamuskeet, 
Chase 3208; Scranton, Chase 
32014; Roanoke Island, Chase 
3221; Wilmington, Chase 4584, 
Hitchcock 388, 1468. 

SoutH CaroLina: Orangeburg, 
Mtchcock 389, 390, 1395; Isle 
of Palms, Hitchcock 386, Chase 
4532; St. Helena Island, Cuth- 
bert in 1899. 

Gzoreia: Stone Mountain, J. De Fic. 228.—Distribution of P. lanuginosum. 
Smith 48 in 1883; Millen, Cur- 
tiss 6827; Coney, Harper 1399; Burke County, Harper 765; Thomson, Bartleti 
1443, 1460. 

Froripa: Lake City, Bitting 8, 138, Chase 4277, 4292, Combs 174, 194, Hitchcock 
1032; Milton, Chase 4305, Curtiss R; Madison County, Combs 215, 294; 
Gainesville, Chase 4242, Combs 732; pene: Nash 375; Orange Bend, Chase 
4113; St. Andrews, Tracy 9138. 

ALABAMA: Fort Morgan, Tracy 8399. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Chase 4331, Hitchcock 1079, Tracy 1735, 2867, 3620, 3622, 
3645, 4580, 4605; Ocean Springs, Tracy 6469; Cat Island, Tracy & Lloyd 441; 
Horn Island, Tracy 2856; Jackson, Hitchcock 1297; Saratoga, Tracy 8416. 

Louisiana: Shreveport, Hitchcock 1238, 1258; Cameron, Cocks 2191; Calcasieu, 
Cocks 2193; Breton Island, Tracy & Lloyd 467; Alexandria, Ball 544; Lake 
Charles, Chase 4401, Hitchcock 1129, 1135, 1147, 1152. 

Texas: Silver Lake, Reverchon 1884. 


127. Panicum acuminatum Swartz. 


Panicum acuminatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 28. 1788. ‘*Jamaica.”” In 
his Florae Swartz states concerning this species, ‘‘Incolit campos arenosos Jamaicae 
montosae.’?’ The type specimen, in the Swartz Herbarium, consists of three plants of 
the prostrate autumnal form. Ys 

Pamcum dichotomum acuminatum Swartz; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 553. 1864. 
Based on P. acuminatum Swartz. In the Grisebach Herbarium is a plant of this 
species labeled by Grisebach, collected in Jamaica by March. 

Panicum comophyllum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 380. 1903. ‘‘Type collected 
in rich soil at Santurce [Porto Rico], January 9, 1899, by Heller, no.12.’”’ The type, 
in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, is a specimen in the early branch- 
ing state. 


a Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 152. 1797. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 223 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms leafy, ascending from a geniculate base, 20 to 70 cm. high, densely 
villous with soft, spreading hairs, rarely glabrate above, the nodes more or less bearded; 
sheaths velvety papillose villous or the upper glabrate; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; blades 
ascending or spreading, 4 to 8 cm. long, 6 to 13 mm. wide, lanceolate, slightly cordate at, 
base, sharply acuminate, usually ciliate, the lower sur- 
face velvety papillose puberulent, the upper surface 
from appressed papillose pubescent to long-villous, or 
nearly glabrous except for long hairs near the base or 
margin; panicles 3 to 10 cm. long, about as wide, the 
axis usually villous, the branches flexuous, the lower 
spreading or even reflexed; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide, obovate, turgid, abruptly subacute, 
pilose; first glume about one-third the length of the 
spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile lemma. 
barely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, 
elliptic, abruptly acute. 

Autumnal form appearing early, the primary culms branching at all but the upper- 
most nodes before the maturity of the primary panicles, these branches often exceed- 
ing the culm, more or less zigzag, repeatedly branching, the ultimate branchlets in 
dense, short, flabellate fascicles, the reduced blades flat or involute-pointed, the long 
hairs on the margins and upper surface usually conspicuous. 


Fig. 229.—P. acuminatum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods, the West Indies; also in the United States of Colombia. 


Cuspa: Herradura, Hitchcock 140, Tracy 9078; Pinar del Rio, Palmer & Riley 447; 
Wright 3874; Isle of Pines, Curtiss 307, 328, Palmer & Riley 989, 1083, A. A. 
Taylor in 1901. 

Jamaica: Swartz, Hart 736. 

Santo Domrneo: Poiteau (Paris Herb.). 

Porro Rico: Santurce, Heller in 1903, Maricao, Sintenis 355; Fajardo, Sintenis 
1224 in part; Lares, Sintenis 5908. 

CotomprA: Near Jamundi, Pittier 932, 982a. 


128. Panicum auburne Ashe. 


Panicum auburne Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175:115. 1900. ‘‘Auburn, 
Ala., May 7, 1898. Collected by Professors F. 8. Earle and C. Baker, of the Alabama 
Biological Survey, at Auburn, Ala., May 7, 1898. No. 1527.’’ The type specimen, 
in Ashe’s herbarium, consists of several immature vernal 
culms with portions of the dead autumnal culms of the pre- 
ceding year attached. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form grayish velvety-villous throughout; culms 
tufted, 20 to 50 cm. high, geniculate at base, widely spread- 


Fic. 230.—P. auburne. : j 
rom type specimen. ing, soon becoming branched and decumbent, rather slender, 


densely papillose silky villous below, velvety with copious 
silky hairs intermixed above; sheaths usually about half the length of the internodes, 
villous like the culms; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades rather thin, ascending, 3 to 7 
cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, acuminate, slightly narrowed toward the base, the upper 


DOA CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


surface velvety with copious long, silky hairsintermixed, especially toward the base, the — 
lower surface silky-villous or velvety, the nerves somewhat conspicuous; paniclesshort- 
exserted, 3to5 cm. long, about as wide, the axis velvety, with long, silky hairs inter- 
mixed, the flexuous branches ascending or spreading; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, 
0.8 to 0.9 mm. wide, obovate, very turgid, densely papillose-pubescent; first glume 
one-third to half the length of the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma 
equal and covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.1 to1.2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. aide, 
obovate-elliptic, minutely pointed. 

Autumnal form early becoming diffusely branched at all the nodes, prostrate- 
spreading, forming large mats, the branches curved upward at the ends; earlier branches 
longer than the primary internodes, the ultimate branchlets in short fascicles with 
involute-pointed blades 1 to 2 cm. long, the numerous turgid little spikelets clustered 
at their bases; winter rosette appearing rather late, the lanceolate blades silky-villous 
like those of the primary culm. 

The vernal form resembles that of P. lanuginosum but is smaller, more slender and 
more silky-villous, with smaller, more ; 
turgid spikelets; the prostrate autumnal 
form with upturned branch tips is 
characteristic. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine and oak woods of the 
Coastal Plain from Virginia to Florida, 
and west to Louisiana. 

VirGINIA: Cape Henry, Chase 2341; 
Virginia Beach, Mackenzie 
1733, Williams 3097, 3105; 
Dismal Swamp, Chase 3680. 

NortH Carotina: Wilmington, Chase 3132, 4579, Hitchcock 1482; Cumberland 
County, Stevens 6425. 

SoutH CaRoLina: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 10. 

GeorGIA: Bainbridge, Curtiss 6811; Thomson, Bartlett 1172. 

Froripa: De Funiak Springs, Combs 440. 

ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8430 in part; Auburn, Earle & Baker 1527. 

Lovis1ANA: Shreveport, Cocks 3506. 


Fig. 231.—Distribution of P. auburne. 


129. Panicum thurowii Scribn. & Smith. 


Panicum thurowi Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 5. 1899. 
‘(Named for Mr. F. W. Thurow, by whom it was collected in Waller County, Texas, 
June 5, 1898, No. 9.” The type, in the National 
Herbarium, consists of one simple culm and one 
beginning to branch, about 40 cm. high, with 
short-exserted, nearly mature panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form bluish green, but drying olive; 
culms tufted, 35 to 70 cm. high, erect or ascend- 
ing, villous, the nodes bearded with spread- 
ing hairs, usually a glabrous ring below; sheaths 
long, the lower often overlapping, the upper shorter than the internodes, sparsely 
or rather densely villous; ligules 4 mm. long; blades rather stiff, ascending 
or spreading, 7 to 12 cm. long, or the uppermost only 2 to 3 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. 


Fic. 232.—P. thurowtit. From 
type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 225 


wide, acuminate, often somewhat involute toward the apex, narrowed toward the 
rounded base, the upper surface sparingly pilose toward the base and margins, the 
lower surface densely velvety-villous; panicles short-exserted, 7 to 11 cm. long, 
nearly as wide, rather densely flowered, the axis sparingly villous near the base, the 
branches spreading; spikelets 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, somewhat obovate at 
maturity, obtuse, pubescent with soft, spreading hairs; first glume one-fifth the 
length of the spikelet, obtuse or obscurely pointed; second glume and sterile lemma 
equal, scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity, obtuse or slightly pointed; fruit 1.7 
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form erect, after the maturity of the primary panicle bearing at the mid- 
dle nodes a few appressed or ascending 
fascicled branches scarcely longer than 
the primary internodes, the reduced 
blades flat or somewhat involute at the 
tips, ciliate. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies and dry open woods, Ala- 
bama to Texas. 

AtaBAMA: In the vicinity of Mo- 
bile, Mohr in 1895 and 1897. 

Louisiana: Without locality, Hale 
(Gray Herb.). 

Texas: Waller County, Hitchcock 1171, 1195, 1226, Thurow 9, 11; Montgomery 
County, Thurow in 1905; Hockley, Thurow in 1893 and 1906; Swan, Reverchon 
4163; Houston, Ravenel in 1869; Del Rio, Plank 41; without locality, Nealley 
in 1884 and 1887. 


Fic. 233.—Distribution of P. thurowit. 


130. Panicum olivaceum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms olive green, erect or somewhat spreading at base, 20 to 40 cm. high, 
velvety-villous with short hairs, the nodes bearded; sheaths villous like the culm, 
mostly shorter than the internodes; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades rather stiffly 
erect or ascending or some of the lower spreading, 4 to 7 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide 
(the uppermost erect, 1 to 3 cm. long), puberulent on both surfaces, also more or less 
short-villous above, and often with longer villous hairs toward the base; panicles 3 to 
7 cm. long, ovate, the flexuous branches spreading, 
short spikelet-bearing branchlets in the axils; spike- 
lets 1.9 to 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obovate, sub- 
acute, papillose-pilose; first glume one-fourth to one- 
third the length of the spikelet, usually pointed; 
second glume scarcely equaling the fruit and sterile 
lemma; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, subacute. 

5 et Autumnal form upright or becoming decumbent- 

Fic. 234.—P. olivaceum. From j : : 

type specimen. spreading, freely branching from the lower and middle 

nodes before the maturity of the primary panicle, the 

reduced branches appressed, or in the decumbent culms curved upward; blades 
reduced, flat, 1 to 2 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, usually conspicuously ciliate. 

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 823209, collected February, 1888, at Coban, 
Department of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, altitude 1,400 meters, by H. von Tuerck- 


41616°—vot 15—10——16 


926 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


heim (no. 428). It consists of four plants with mature primary panicles and freely 
branching culms. ie 

This species is closely allied to P. acuminatum, differing in the olivaceous color, the 
less velvety pubescence, the stiff, appressed blades, and the larger spikelets. The 
autumnal form is bushy, the branches evenly distributed, not gathered into distinct 
fascicles as in P. acuminatum. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Gravelly banks and cultivated fields, Mexico to Costa Rica; also in Venezuela. 


Mexico: Jalapa, Pringle 8339 in part@ (Nat. Herb. no. 823271); Orizaba, Bour- 
geau 2383 in part, Botteri 99, 101 (both in Brit. Mus. Herb.), 1987 (Paris Herb.); 
Minatitlan, J. G. Smith 571 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Coban, Tuerckheim 428 in 1879, 428 in 1888; Seler 3235 (Berlin 
Herb.). 

Costa Rica: San Pedro de la Calabaza, Tonduz 10745 in part (Nat. Herb. no. 
385918); Tablazo, Tonduz 7944. 

VENEZUELA: Tovar, Pendler 16382. 

CoLtomBiA: Popayan, Lehmann 974 (Gray Herb.). 


131. Panicum praecocius Hitchc. & Chase. 


Panicum praecocius Hitche. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 206. 1906. ‘“‘Type V. H. Chase 
649; dry bank, near Wady Petra, Stark County, Illinois, June 30, 1900, collected by 
Virginius H. Chase.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is a clump of branching 
culms, with mature secondary panicles, the primary ones being devoid of spikelets. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms tufted, 15 to 25 cm. high, early branching and elongating, sometimes 
to 30 or 45 cm., at first erect, soon becoming geniculate and spreading, very slender, 
wiry, abundantly papillose-pilose with weak spreading hairs 3 to 4mm. long; sheaths, 
even the lowest, much shorter than the very long internodes, those of the branches 
usually but 1 to 2 cm. long, pilose like the culm, more prominently papillose; ligules 
3 to 4 mm. long; blades rather firm, erect or ascending, 5 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. 
wide, the margins parallel about two-thirds their length, acuminate, long-pilose on 
both surfaces, the hairs of the upper surface 4 to 
5 mm. long, erect from the plane of the blade, 
the under surface prominently papillose; panicles 
at first usually overtopped by the upper leaf, 
but at or past maturity exserted, 4 to 6 cm. long, 
about as wide, loosely flowered, the axis pilose, 
the branches fiexuous, spreading or ascending; 

TVeLONRCLIP. sapacandine Taner spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obo- 

type specimen. vate, turgid, obtuse, pilose; first glume one-third 

to half the length of the spikelet, triangular; sec- 

ond glume and sterile lemma subequal, the glume slightly shorter than the fruit at 
maturity; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, broad-elliptic. 

Autumnal form ascending from a geniculate base, or in prairie sod erect, forming 
close bunches 10 to 20 cm. high, the upper portion of the primary culms early decidu- 
ous, the branches appressed, the scarcely reduced blades erect or narrowly ascending, 
much exceeding the reduced panicles; winter rosette appearing late, the blades 2 to 
3 cm. long, long-pilose. 

This species scarcely has a simple state, the branches appearing often before the 
first panicle is expanded. 


aSee footnote under P. multirameum, page 185. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. pall 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry prairies and clearings, Michigan and Indiana to Minnesota and Texas. 


InpiAna: Hessville, Hill 49 in 1909. 

Iuuinois: Joliet, Hill 37 in 1907; Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 472, 649, 1212, 1214, 
1218, 1492, 1515; Marshall County, V. H. Chase 1791; Williamsfield, V. H. - 
Chase 1850; Havana, Gleason 
1034. 

MicHicAN: Port Huron, Dodge in 
1909. 

Wisconsin: Lauderdale, Bebb 
2057. 

Minnesota: Itaska Lake, Sand- 
berg 1016. 

Iowa: Fort Dodge, Somes 25; 
Armstrong, Cratty in 1890; 
Towa City, Somes 246. 

Nesraska: Broken Bow, Webber 4. Fig. 236.—Distribution of P. praecocius. 

Missouri: Monteer, Bush 748, 749 
in part; McDonald County, Bush 87; Howell County, Bush 54; Lees Sum- 
mit, Bush 3090, 3935. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Carleton in 1892, Hitchcock 2500, 2524, 3853, Kellerman 20; 
Belleville, Hitchcock 3544. 

Texas: Waller County, Thurow 5, and in 1906; Weatherford, Tracy 7943 in part. 

Ox.aHoMA: Stillwater, Hitchcock in 1903 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


-& 


182. Panicum subvillosum Ashe. 


Panicum subvillosum Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 86. 1900. ‘‘Collected by the 
writer at Carlton, Minnesota, in August, in the simple state. Type material pre- 
served in my herbarium.’ The type specimen, in Ashe’s herbarium, consists of 
three tufts of several culms each, 15 to 30 cm. high, with leaves clustered at the base 
and long-exserted mature panicles. 

Panicum unciphyllum forma pilosum Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3: 124. 1901, not 
Panicum pilosum Swartz, 1788. “Dry woods, Orono, Maine, 501 M. L. Fernald, 
July 7,1891.” The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of a tuft of nine slender 
culms 15 to 35cm. high, with long-exserted nearly mature panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms tufted, 10 to 45 cm. high, slender, ascending or spreading, pilose with 
ascending hairs, usually faintly papillose, the lower internodes short, thus making the 
plant more leafy below, the nodes short-bearded; 
sheaths sparsely pilose with ascending hairs, the 
lower overlapping, the upper much shorter than 
the long internodes; ligules 3 mm. long; blades 
rather firm, ascending, 4 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. 
wide, rarely wider, acuminate, slightly narrowed 
toward the base, both surfaces pilose, the hairs on 
the upper surface 3 to 5 mm. long, shorter on the 


Fic. 237.—P. subvillosum. From . 5 
type specimen, lower; panicles long-exserted, ovate to oblong in 


pees 3 to5cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as 
wide, rather densely flowered, the axis pubescent or toward the base pilose, the lower 
branches ascending; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, obtuse, 
pubescent; first glume nearly or quite half the length of the spikelet, acuminate; 


228. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


second glume scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. 
wide, elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal form widely spreading, sparingly branching from the lower nodes, the 
leaves and panicles not greatly reduced, the panicles overtopped by the leaves, 
these less copiously pilose. 

This species may be distinguished from P. implicatum and P. meridionale by the 
larger spikelets, the long-exserted panicles, the aggregation of the leaves toward the 
base of the vernal culms, and the sparingly branched, almost prostrate autumnal 
form. In its most characteristic form the panicle branches are strictly ascending at 
maturity and spikelet-bearing near the ends only, thus forming a compact panicle 
with a long naked base. | 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry woods and sandy ground, Nova Scotia to Connecticut, and west to Minnesota 
and northern Indiana. 


Nova Scotia: Bedford, Macoun 29368. 

New Brunswick: Kent County, Fowler in 1875. 

QuEBEC: Montmorenci Falls, Macoun 69205 (Gray Herb.). 

Maine: Chesterville, Chase 3278, 3320; Fayette, Chase 3391; Cape Elizabeth, 
Chase 3453; Stacyville, Knight 
56; North Yarmouth, Cham- are 
berlain 837; Hartford, Parlin -/ 
2016; Cumberland, Chamber- eet) eS 
lain 787, Ricker 12774; Orono, { / PJ | 
Fernald 501; Ogunquit, Parlin Hie iss 
1581; Canton, Parlin 2001. AY ie er oso zl 

New Hamesuire: Wiers, Carter in ie 
1902 (Hitchcock Herb.). — 

VerRMONT: Rutland, Eggleston 
1758. ee 

Massacuuserts: Ipswich, Oakes FiG. 238.—Distribution of P. subvillosum. 
(Gray Herb.). 

Connecticut: Tolland, Bissell 12001. 

New Yorx: Verona, Haberer in 1900; Hempstead, Bicknell in 1903; Valley 
Stream, Bicknell in 1905; Rosedale, Bicknell in 1904. 

Ontario: Galt, Herriot in 1898; Algonquin Park, Macoun 22023. 

InpIANA: Clark Junction, Bebb 2832, 28334. 

MicHiGAN: Keweenaw County, Farwell 642. 

Wisconsin: Conover, Cheney 678; Tomahawk Lake, Cheney 1082. 

Minnesota: Carlton, Ashe in 1899. 


ay 


tf 


138. Panicum occidentale Scribn. 


Panicum occidentale Scribn. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 48. 1899. Based on ‘“‘P. 
pubescens [Lam. misapplied by] Presl, not Lam. nor Michx.’’ While the type must 
be the specimen in Presl’s herbarium, Scribner’s conclusions were based on a dupli- 
cate in the Bernhardi Herbarium at the Missouri Botanical Garden, labeled in Presl’s 
handwriting ‘‘ Panicum pubescens Michx.’’ The type specimen collected by Haenke, 
which is the basis of Presl’s @ identification, is in the Bohemian Museum at Prague 
and consists of three culms with mature primary panicles, and with secondary panicles 
on short branches from the lower nodes, that is, vernal culms showing the commence- 
ment of the autumnal form. One label reads ‘‘ Panicum pubescens Michx.;’’ another 
bears the locality ‘‘Archipel,” which refers to the vicinity of Nootka Sound, Van- 
couver Island, the locality as published by Presl, ‘‘Hab. in Nootka-Sund.”’ 


a Rel. Haenk. 1:306. 1830. (i 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 229 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form tufted, yellowish green; culms slender, 15 to 40 cm. high, rarely 
higher, spreading, the lower internodes usually short, as in P. subvillosum, producing 
a leafy base as in that species, sparsely papillose-pubescent, the upper more or less 
elongated, glabrate, the nodes pubescent; sheaths rather sparsely papillose-pubescent, 
rarely almost glabrous; ligules 3 to4 mm. long; blades 
firm, erect or ascending, 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm. 
wide, acuminate, rounded at, the base, the upper 
surface with a few long hairs toward the base and 
margin, otherwise glabrous, the under surface ap- 
pressed-pubescent; panicles long-exserted, 4 to 7 
em. long, about two-thirds as wide, rather loosely 
a flowered, the flexuous branches ascending or spread- 
Bee ae al Prarie: ing; spikelets 1.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic- 
obovate, subacute, pubescent; first glume one-fourth 
the length of the spikelet or less, obtuse or pointed; second glume and sterile 
lemma as long as the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic, 
- subacute. 

Autumnal form branching from the lower nodes, forming a spreading bunch or 
tussock 10 to 15 cm. high; leaves and panicles reduced; winter rosette appearing 
late, the blades narrowly lanceolate, glabrous or pilose at base. 

This species is less pubescent than any other in this group. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Peat bogs and moist sandy ground, British Columbia and Idaho to southern California. 
TpauHo: Lake Coeur d’ Alene, Sand- 
berg, Heller & MacDougal in 
1892; Priest Lake, Piper 3778. 
WASHINGTON: Montesano, Heller 
3978; Chelan County, Whited 
in 1901; Lake Chelan, Elmer 
489, Lake & Hull 118; Bingen, 
_Suksdorf 5162, 5174; Granville, 
Conard 378, Yakima County, 
Cotton 736, 792. 
BritisH CotumBia: Lake Osoyoos, ; 
Macoun 77229; Vancouver Is- Fic. 240.—Distribution of P. occidentale. 
land, Canby 352 (Gray Herb.). 
OrxEGon: Mount Scott, Sheldon in 1902; Columbia ier Sheldon 8706. 
CALIFORNIA: Crescent City, Davy 5971; Mendocino, Davy 6092, McMurphy, 425; 
New York Falls, Hansen 1723; Yosemite Valley, Brewer 1646; Merced River, 
Torrey 587; San Diego, Orewtt 540; without locality, Bridges 366, Hartweg 2024. 


134. Panicum pacificum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form light green; culms tufted, 25 to 50 cm. high, ascending or spreading, 
leafy (culm leaves 5 or 6), papillose-pilose with spreading hairs, the nodes shortly 
spreading-pilose; sheaths papillose-pilose, the papille prominent; ligules 3 to 4mm. 
long; blades erect or ascending 5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, acuminate, nar- 
rowed toward the rounded base, the upper surface papillose-pilose, typically with 
short hairs intermixed, but these often wanting and the long hairs sometimes sparse, 


> 


230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the lower surface appressed papillose pubescent; panicles usually rather short- 
exserted, 5 to 10 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, the flexuous branches ascend- 
ing; spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm. long, 1 to 1.1mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, turgid, papillose- 
pubescent; first glume one-fourth to one-third the length of the spikelet, truncate; 
second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 
1 mm. wide, elliptic-obovate, obtuse or obscurely pointed. 

Autumnal form prostrate-spreading, repeatedly branching from the middle and 
upper nodes after the maturity of the primary panicle, the reduced blades less pilose 
than the vernal ones, exceeding the reduced 
panicles; winter rosette appearing rather early, 
blades only sparsely pubescent. 

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 592751, 
collected August 3, 1908, in moist places in woods, 
one-fourth mile east of hotel, Castle Crag, Shasta 
County, California, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 3070). 
The specimen is a tuft of several branching culms. 

This species is distinguished from P. occidentale 
by the more copious pubescence throughout, 
the more leafy culms, and in the autumnal form by the branching habit; 
from P. thermale by the taller, late-branching culms, longer, narrower blades, and 
pilose, not velvety, pubescence, also by the branching habit. It most nearly resem- 
bles P. hwachucae, laxer forms resembling its subspecies silvicola, and like these it is 
variable in amount of pubescence. The spreading habit and larger spikelets, together 
with a distinct range, make it impossible to include this western form under P. 
huachucae. 


Fig. 241.—P. pacificum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy shores and slopes, and moist crevices in rocks, ascending to 1,650 meters, 
British Columbia and Idaho to southern California. 


Ipauo: Salmon River, Henderson 3569; Lake Coeur d’ Alene, Hitchcock 2171, 2190, 
Leiberg 1312; Lochsa River, Piper 4056; Sawtooth National Forest, Tide- 
strom 2636. 

WasuinetTon: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 124; Wenatchee, Whited 1249; Kittitas 
County, Sandberg & Leiberg 425; Spokane, Kreager 160; Lake Calispell, 
Kreager 325; Lake Chelan, Gorman 635; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 6292. 

British CoLumBia: Vancouver 
Island, Canby 252, Rosendahl 
& Brand 107, Waldron 1921. 

OREGON: Grants Pass, Piper 6493; 
Belknap Springs, Gorman 1834; 
without locality, Hall 671 
(Gray Herb.). 

Nevapa: Ruby Valley, Watson 
1350. 

Arizona: Lowell, W. F. Parish 
263. 

CALIFORNIA. Castle Crag, Hitchcock 
3070, 3071, 3073, 3077; Red- 
ding, Heller 7856; Yosemite Valley, Bolander 4840, Hall & Babcock 3317, 3362, 
Mitchcock 3214, 3219, 3232, 3233, 3234; Crow Point, Hansen 1444; Clinton Bar, 
Hansen 1381; Pine Grove, Hansen 626; North Fork, Griffiths 4438, 4476, 4617; 
Madera, Griffiths 6586; San Jacinto Mountains, Hall2244; Pine Ridge, Hall & 
Chandler 239; Santa Cruz, Jones 2294; Point Reyes, Davy 6745, 6780; Requa, 
Davy & Blasdale 5894; San Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & W. F. Parish 
1663; without locality, Bolander 564, Hartweg 2024 (Gray Herb.). 


Fia. 242.—Distribution of P. pacificum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 231 


135. Panicum thermale Boland. 


Panicum thermale, Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 181. 1862. “On hot rocks and 
in hot water flowing from the Geyser springs and Geyser mountains, in the northern 
part of Sonoma County,’’ California. The type, in the Gray Herbarium, is the early 
branching form. It is marked ‘‘I call this: Panicum thermale till I shall know, 
better. It grows in the Geysers Sonoma Co. and on hot rocks.”’’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms grayish green, densely tufted, velvety-villous, 10 to 30 cm. high, 
ascending or spreading, the nodes with a dense ring of short hairs; sheaths often over- 
lapping, velvety-villous; ligules 3 mm. long; blades thick, ascending or spreading, 
3 to 8 em. (mostly about 5 cm.) long, 5 to 12 mm. wide, acuminate, rounded or sub- 
cordate at base, both surfaces densely velvety-villous; panicles exserted or in high 
alpine specimens partly included, 3 to 6 cm. long, about as wide, densely flowered, 
the axis villous, the flexuous branches spreading, often drooping; spikelets 1.9 to 2 
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obovate-oblong, obtuse, 
turgid, papillose-pilose; first glume about one- 
third the length of the spikelet, obtuse or abruptly 
pointed; second glume and sterile lemma sub- 
equal, the glume shorter than the fruit at ma- 
turity; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, 
subobtuse. 

Autumnal form widely spreading, the branches 
appearing even before the primary panicles are 
exserted, repeatedly branching, the whole form- 
ing a dense cushion, the blades and panicles of the ultimate branchlets reduced; 
winter rosette appearing early, the blades ovate-lanceolate, usually less pubescent 
than those of the culms. | 

In the original description Dr. Bolander states: “‘The whole plant is like velvet to 
the feel. There are, however, some specimens which are rather smooth.’ This 
smoother form is represented by part of Merrill 157, one tuft of which has lower blades 
nearly glabrous, but sheaths and upper blades nearly as velvety as in the type, while 
other specimens of this collection are fully as villous. The Bolander type collection 
represents about the average of the species. Some of the specimens cited below are 
longer villous than the type and some few are smoother. 

A specimen from Banff, Alberta, McCalla 2318, “‘on tufa and old bogs in warm 
sulphur stream; alt. 4,500 ft.,’’ has 
short, early-branching culms, broad 
leaves and small panicles like P. ther- 
male, but the pubescence is of sparser 
long hairs, somewhat harsh and promi- 
nently papillose as in P. pacificum. 


Fic. 243.—P. thermale. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


* 


Wet saline soil in the immediate 
vicinity of geysers and hot springs 
ascending to 2,500 meters, Alberta to 
Wyoming and California. 

ALBERTA: Banff, McCalla 2318. 

Montana: Lo Lo Hot Springs, Williams & Griffiths 306. 

Wyromine: Yellowstone National Park, Chase 5252; Hitchcock 1902, 2061, 2086, 
Mearns 3061, 4050, 4166, 4203, 4789, 4870, 4983, 5064, 5110, 5134, Merrill 157, 


Fig. 244.—Distribution of P. thermale. 


Dae CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


164, 165, A. Nelson 6174, A. Nelson & E. Nelson 6037, Rydberg & Bessey 
3545, 3547, Tweedy 580; Bighorn County, Tweedy 94. 

CALIFORNIA: Sonoma County, Bolander 3941; Napa County, Brewer 861; Lassen 
Peak, Bolander 2169. 


186. Panicum languidum nom. nov. 


Panicum unciphyllum forma prostratum Scribn. & Merr. Rhodora 3: 124. 1901, not 
P. prostratum Lam. 1791. “South Berwick, Maine, M. L. Fernald, September 26, 
1897.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is a lax, decumbent, autumnal speci- 
men with geniculate nodes, numerous loose branches with immature panicles, and 


pointed spikelets 2 mm. long. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form tufted; culms 25 to 40 cm. high, weak, slender, ascending or spreading, 
‘pilose; sheaths shorter than the internodes, papillose-pilose; ligules about 3 mm. long; 
blades thin, lax, ascending or spreading, 4 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, acumi- 
nate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base, 
sparsely pilose on the upper surface, minutely 
appressed-pubescent beneath, usually with long 
hairs intermixed; panicles rather long-exserted, 3 
to 6 cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, 
loosely flowered, the very fiexuous branches finally 
spreading or drooping, the spikelets on long, 
mostly divaricate, flexuous pedicels, the axis and 

branches sparsely long-pilose; spikelets 2 mm. 
Hae eis SE: a long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, acute, pilose; first 
‘specimen of P. wnciphyliwm forma pro- f : 
Oe iN Soribni ee NicEr: elume about one-third the length of the spikelet, 
obtuse or acute; second glume and sterile lemma 
exceeding the fruit and slightly pointed beyond it; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
obtuse. 

Autumnal form decumbent, with geniculate, sometimes rooting nodes, branching 
from all the nodes, the early branches nearly equaling the primary culm, repeatedly 
branching, forming a large, loose straggling clump, the ultimate blades and panicles 
scarcely reduced. 

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 592750 collected September 26, 1897, South 
Berwick, Maine, by M. L. Fernald, being the type of P. wnciphyllum forma prostratum. 

This species somewhat resembles P. villosissimum, though much less copiously 
pilose. It may be distinguished from 
that species and from P. huachucae sil- 
vicola by the pointed spikelets 2 mm. 
long, the second glume and sterile 
lemma produced in a minute point 
beyond the fruit. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry or sandy open woods, Maine, 
Massachusetts and eastern New York; 
apparently rare. 

Maine: South Berwick, Fernald 
in 1897, Parlin 938 (Gray 
Herb.); Island Falls, Fernald in 1897; Mount Desert Island, Fernald in 1892 
in part (the last two in N. E. Bot. Club Herb.). 

Massacuuserrs: Ashburnham, Harris in 1896. 

New York: Platte Clove, Catskills, Williamson in 1903 (Phila. Acad. Herb.). 


Fig. 246.—Distribution of P. languidum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 2383 
137. Panicum villosissimum Nash. 


Panicum tectum Wailld.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 313. 1825. Thisisgivenasasynonym 
under P. dichotomum. The type specimen, in the Willdenow Herbarium, is the 
autumnal form. It is labeled ‘‘Panicum tectum panicula divaricata. * * * 
Hab. a America boreali.’? A second specimen so named in the Willdenow Herbarium, 
was sent by Muhlenberg and is P. xalapense. 

Panicum dichotomum villosum Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31. 1889, 
not P. villosum Ell. 1816. The author cites “‘P. villosum Ell.?” but since on the same 
page he gives this name unquestioned as a synonym of P. consanguineum Kunth, 
Elliott’s species can not be taken as the basis of Vasey’s variety. No locality nor speci- 
men iscited. A freely branching early autumnal specimen in the National Herbarium 
marked ‘‘dichotomum var. villosum” in Vasey’s writing, and agreeing well with his 
description, is chosen as the type. This was collected ‘“‘near Pierce’s Mill, Rock 
Creek, D. C., July 1, 1883,’’ by Dr. Vasey. 

Panicum er pecs Scribn. in Kearney, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 479. 1893. 
This is listed without description as the name of two numbers, 58 and 141, of Kearney’s 
collection of plants in Harlan and Bell Counties, Kentucky. ey tam laxiflorum 
pubescens Chapm.”’ is cited but as the latter name had not at that time been published 
by Chapman, P. nitidum pubescens must be considered a nomen nudum. The speci- 
mens of his 58 and 141 in the National Herbarium, and distributed by Kearney, com- 
prise P. villosissimum and P. huachucae, but the majority are the former. 

Panicum laxiflorum pubescens Chapm.; Kearney, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 479. 1893, 
not Vasey 1892. Thisisgivenasasynonym of P. nitidum pubescens Scribn., but is later 
described by Chapman¢ and based on P. pubescens Lam. 

Panicum villosissimum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 149. 1896. ‘‘Collected by Dr. 
John K. Small in the Ocmulgee River swamp, below Macon [Georgia], May 18-24, 
1895.”’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of several vernal culms with branches 
appearing, but secondary panicies not expanded. The spikelets are 2.3 mm. long. 

Panicum atlanticum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 346.1897. ‘‘Type specimens 
collected by the writer on dry somewhat shaded knolls in the grounds of the New York 
Botanical Garden.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a small clump and of 
two single specimens, the culms beginning to branch, primary panicles mature, sec- 
ondary panicles immature. The spikelets are 2.2 mm. long. This differs from the 
type of P. villosissimum only in the somewhat stiffer culms and slightly smaller 
spikelets. 

Panicum haemacarpon Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:55. 1898. ‘‘District 
of Columbia: Kearney; 1897. Ashe: North Carolina; Chapel Hill, 1898. Iowa: 
Carver; Jewell Junction, 1895, No. 258.’’ The first specimen cited is chosen as the 
type. ‘This is in Ashe’s herbarium and consists of a tuft of three simple culms with 
nearly mature panicles and two autumnal culms of the previous year. 

Panicum xanthospermum Scribn. & Mohr, Contr. Nat. Herb. 6: 348.1901. ‘‘Type 
specimen collected by Dr. Charles Mohr in open sandy soil, Greenville, Butler County, 
Ala., May 8, 1898.’’ This specimen, which is in the National Herbarium, consists of a 
tuft with two simple culms 18 and 20 cm. high, and the burned bases of others, evi- 
dently a second growth after a fire. Except in its smaller size it compares well with 
the type of P. atlanticum. 'The spikelets, which are immature, are 2.2 mm. long. 
By selecting the shorter culms it could be matched from many typical clumps of P. 
villosissimum. 

This species was described by Scribner® as Panicum pubescens Lam., as indicated 
by a note upon a sheet, then in his possession, of a duplicate type of P. villosissimum. 


a¥Fl. South. U.S. ed. 3. 586. 1897. 
6 Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 7:52. pl. 15. f. 58. 1894. 


2.34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light olive green; culms densely tufted, 25 to 45 cm. high, slender, 
erect or ascending, papillose-pilose with spreading hairs 3 mm. long; sheaths shorter 
than the internodes, pilose like the culm; ligules 4 to 5 mm. long; blades rather firm, 
ascending or sometimes spreading, 6 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, often subin- 
volute toward the acuminate apex, little narrowed toward the base, pilose on both 
suriaces, the hairs of the upper surface appressed, longer and less copious; panicles 
short-exserted, 4 to 8 cm. long, usually as wide, loosely flowered, the spikelets long- 
pediceled, the axis sparsely pilose, the branches rather stiffly ascending or spread- 
ing; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, obtuse or obscurely 
pointed, papillose-pubescent with spreading hairs; 
first glume sometimes glabrous, one-third to nearly 
half the length of the spikelet, acute; second glume 
and sterile lemma subequal, the glume slightly 
shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.9 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form at first decumbent, often with 
geniculate nodes and arched internodes, the first 
branches appearing at about the maturity of the 
primary panicle, late in the season prostrate, the 
leaves of the fascicled branchlets appressed, giving 
a combed-out appearance, a character conspicuous in the field but less so in the herba- 
rium; blades not greatly: reduced, often with only a few hairs on the upper surface, 
overtopping the much reduced panicles; winter rosette appearing rather early, 
blades long, bluish green, densely pilose. 

This is fairly uniform as a whole for a species of so wide a range, but exceptional 
specimens with spikelets only 2 mm. long occur, such as Andrews, Southington, Conn., 
in 1902; Chase 2378, 3762; Dodge 60, 83; Herriot 86; Hitchcock 1635; Smith, Framing- 
ham, Mass., in 1898. In these the habit and other characteristics are those of the 
typical form. Another rarer variation with blades nearly or quite glabrous on the 
upper surface is found, as Ashe, Manteo, N. C., Chase 3121, Commons 52. 


Fig. 247.—P. villosissimum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sandy or sterile soil, open woods and hillsides, Massachusetts to Minnesota, 
south to Florida and Texas. 

MASSACHUSETTS: Framingham, Smith in 1898. 

Connecticut: Franklin, Graves 14; Southington, Andrews in 1902. 

New York: Bronx Park, Nash in 1897; Long Island, Bicknell in 1902 and 1904. 

OnTARIO: Galt, Herriot 86; Squirrel Island, Dodge 60, 83. 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 1381; Wildwood Junction, Chase 3522. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Westchester, Windle 12f. (Hitchcock Herb.) 

Outro: Sandusky, Morris 135. 

INDIANA: Clark, Bebb 2833, 2834; Miller, Chase 1545, 1563; Umbach 2646 and in 
1897. 

Iuurvois: Madison County, Eggert 293; Starved Rock, Chase 1606. 

MicuiGaNn: Carleton, Wheeler in 1890 (Mich. Agr. Col. Herb.). 

WISCONSIN: Juneau County, Mearns 25. 

Minnesota: Minneapolis, Sandberg 316 in part (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Missourtr: Monteer, Bush 732, 750, 4788; Chadwick, Bush 14; Eagle Rock, Bush 
141; Pleasant Grove, Bush 333; Carter County, Eggert 291; Jefferson County, 
Eggert 292; Noel, Bush-5023. 

DELAWARE: Rehoboth, Commons 56 in part; Greenbank, Commons 38; Frank- 
ford, Commons 52; Lewes, Hitchcock 161. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 285 


MaryYLAND: Between Chesapeake Beach and Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 
1608, 1619, 1623, 1627, 1631, 1635, 1643, 1644, 2415; Riverdale, Chase 2378; 
Beltsville, «Chase 37624; Cabin John, Chase 2905; Hyattsville, Steele in 1907. 

District or CotumBIA: Hitchcock 393, 2403, Kearney 29, Vasey 125, Ward in 1879, 
Williams 5. 

Vireinis: Four-Mile Run, Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 555, Hitchcock 391, 
Pollard 337; Norfolk, Kearney 302; Dismal Swamp, Chase 3653, 3675, Tyler 
in 1905; Munden, Mackenzie 1710. , 

Nortu Carorina: Manteo, Ashe in 1898; Raleigh, Chase 3081; Chapel Hill, 
Chase 3055, 3056, 3058, 3071, 3075; Wilmington, Chase 3121, 3141, 3155, Hitch- 
cock 394; Biltmore, Boynton 4; Magnetic City, Wetherby 64; Jacksonville, 
Chase 3191; Lenoir, Hitchcock 395. 

Soutu Caroiina: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 392, 1384; Clemson College, Howse 2158. 

Georata: Lookout Mountain, Ruth 
19; Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 
396; Rabun County, House 
2269; Lagrange, Tracy 8869; 
Warm Springs, TJ7racy 8859; Ma- 
con, Small in 1895; Thomson, 
Bartlett 1414, 1497; Augusta, 
Cuthbert 387, 1120. 

Fioripa: Chipley, Combs 613; 
Chattahoochee, Tracy 3653, 
3658; Leon County, Curtiss 
F in 1886 in part. 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kear- 
ney 58 in part, 141. 

TENNESSEE: Cocke County, Kearney 971; Knoxville, Ruth 72 in part. 

AtaBaMmaA: Auburn, Tracy 3751, 3753, 3754, 3758; Pisgah, Chase 4472; Gateswood, 
Tracy 8426 in part; Tuskegee, Carver 19; Mobile, Kearney 34 in part; 
Flomaton, Hitchcock 1046; Greenville, Mohr in 1898. 

Mrssissrepr: Starkville, Kearney 24 in part; Taylorville, Tracy 8415; Jackson, 
Hitchcock 1299; Enterprise, Tracy 3272; Biloxi, Kearney 337; Ocean Springs, 
Tracy 161; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1109. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 42, 100. 

LourstaNna: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1259, 1275, 1289; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1256. 

Texas: Waller County, Thurow 25; Weatherford, Tracy 7943 in part; Angelina 
County, Reverchon 4136; Denison, Bebb 2661. 

OxiaHoma: Sapulpa, Bush 1220. 


Fig. 248.—Distribution of P. villosissimum. 


138. Panicum pseudopubescens Nash. 


Panicum pseudopubescens Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 577. 1899. ‘‘Type collected 
at Auburn, Lee Co., Alabatha, May 7, 1898, by Messrs. F. S. Earle and C. F. Baker, 
No. 1537.”’ The type, in Nash’s Herbarium, is a clump of a few vernal, mostly imma- 
ture culms. Some of the blades are nearly naked along the middle of the upper 
surface. Other specimens cited by Nash under this species, Earle & Baker 1522, 
1524, 1526, 1529, have narrower blades than the type, with the upper surface often 
nearly glabrous; these represent the more usual form of the species. 

This species was described by Elliott ¢ as P. pubescens Lam., as shown by the speci- 
men so labeled in his herbarium. The culm of this is appressed-pubescent, not ‘‘ very 
‘glabrous,’ as stated in the description. 

The species described in Gray’s Manual? under P. ovale Ell. is P. pseudopubescens. 


a Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1:125. 1816. 6 A. Gray, Man. ed 7. 111. 1908. 


236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. villosissimum; culms somewhat stiffer, the pubes- 
cence more silky, appressed on the culms, ascending on the sheaths; igules 2 to 3 mm, 
long; blades somewhat firmer, the pubescence on the upper surface short like that 
on the lower and sparse or wanting down the center or occasionally glabrous on the 
upper surface; panicles averaging larger, the 
spikelets not so long-pediceled; spikelets 2.25 to 
2.4 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, 
obtuse, or slightly pointed, pubescence as in 
P. villosissimum; second glume slightly shorter 
than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.9 mm. long, 
1mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form usually stiffly spreading, some- 

Pie. RE, apemizembescens, Eye times prostrate, culms sparingly branching from 

type specimen. the lower and middle nodes after the maturity of 

the primary panicle, less freely branching than 

P. villosissimum; the upper surface of the reduced blades usually glabrous except 
along the margins and at the base; winter leaves as in P. villosissimum. 

This species is very closely allied to P. villosissimum and occasional specimens 
are about as close to one type as to the other. In these cases the ascending, more 
silky pubescence of the culms and less pubescent or glabrous upper surface of the 
blades, together with the stiffer habit, have been used to distinguish P. pseudopu- 
bescens. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy, open woods, Connecticut to Illinois, south to Florida and Mississippi; also 
in Mexico. 

Connecticut: South Britain, Harger 6031 (Bissell Herb.). 

New Jersey: Atsion, Chase 3566; Camden, Smith; Wildwood Junction, Chase 
3520. 

Onto: Cedar Point, Claassen (Gray Herb.). 

InpDIANA: Miller, Chase 1542, Umbach in 1898; Clark, Umbach 1685; Clark Junc- 
tion, Bebb 514, 2882; Dune 
Park, V. H. Chase 291, Hill. 100 
and 101 in 1905, Umbach 1080. 

Intinois: Starved Rock, Chase 
1605; Hanover, Gleason & 
Gates 2535, 2539, 2575. 

MicHicAN: Saginaw Bay, Morris 
240 in part; Twin Lakes, 
Wheeler in 1900. 

MARYLAND: Caroline County, Nor- 
ton in 1907. 

District or CotumBia: Steele in Fig. 250.—Distribution of P. pseudopubescens. 
1899. 

NortH Carorina: Roanoke Island, Ashe in Curtiss Pl. So. U. S. 6452, Chase 
3218, 3222: Wilmington, Chase 3109, 3115, 3147, 3160, Hitchcock 1437, 1474, 
1476, 1484, 1485; Biltmore, Boynton in 1906. 

South CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 398, 1380, 1383, 1394, 1401, 1402; 
Fripps Island, Cuthbert 1164. 

GroraiA: Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 397, 1356, 1357. 

Fioripa: Lake City, Hitchcock 10134. 

TENNESSEE: Ducktown, Chambliss 26. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 237 


AzvaspamMa: Auburn, Earle & Baker 1522, 1537, Hitchcock 1331, 1336; Gateswood, 
Tracy 8426 in part; Flomaton, Hitchcock 1048. 

Mississipi: Biloxi, Hitchcock 1080; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1090, 1096, 1112, 
Kearney 301 in part. 

Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Schaffner 146. 


139. Panicum ovale Ell. 


Panicum ovale Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 123. 1816. ‘‘Grows in Carolina and Georgia. 
Sent from St. Mary’s, Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, 
consists of the upper portion of a vernal culm with two leaves and an immature panicle 
included at base, the culm and sheaths densely pilose with ascending hairs, the blades 
long pilose along the margin. The ticket attached to this specimen reads: ‘‘ Panicum 
Ovale. Hab. St. Mary’s Georg. Dr. Baldwin.’’ Another vernal culm with immature 
panicle mounted on the same sheet belongs to P. commutatum. To the culm is at- 
tached a slip marked ‘‘64” but with no data. Since Dr. Baldwin’s is the only speci- 
men cited, the one with the Baldwin label must be considered the type, though 
Elliott’s description seems to show he had the two confused. 

Pancum ciluferum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 195.1897. ‘‘Type collected by 
the writer in the ‘high pine land’ at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, March 12-31, 1894, 
no. 147.”’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the vernal form with an old autumnal 
culm attached. The spikelets are 2.8mm. long. In a note following the description 
Nash states that after having examined a specimen named P. ovale by Elliott he con- 
siders P. ciluferum as distinct. The specimen referred to is in the Torrey Herbarium, 
and is labeled Panicum ovale Elliott, ‘‘From Elhott.’’ This is a puberulent narrow- 
leaved form of P. commutatum, and is the form described in Small’s Flora as P. ovale. 

Panicum erythrocarpon Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 90. 1900. ‘‘The type 
material was collected by the writer on the sand hills of New Hanover county, N. C., 
May 19, 1899.” The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, is the vernal form, labeled, ‘‘Shady 
slopes on the sand hills one mile north of Wilmington [New Hanover County], N. C.”’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light olive green; culms densely tufted, 20 to 50 cm. high, erect or 
ascending, rather stout, long-pilose below with ascending or appressed hairs, often 
nearly glabrous above, usually leafy at the base, the nodes densely bearded with short 
spreading hairs; sheaths shorter than the internodes or the lower overlapping, ascend- 
ing-pilose, the upper less densely so, rarely 
nearly glabrous; ligules composed of a ring of 
hairs about 1 mm. long with a second sparse 
ring 2 to 3 mm. long above it; blades firm, 
ascending, 6 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide 
(the uppermost much smaller), sharply acumi- 
nate, rounded at base, the upper surface usually 
nearly glabrous except for long hairs on or near 
the margin and base thus giving the blades the 
appearance of being strongly ciliate, these hairs 
occasionally wanting except at the base, the 
lower surface appressed-pubescent; panicles 
usually short-exserted, 5 to 9 cm. long, about as wide when fully expanded, the 
lower branches finally spreading, rarely drooping; spikelets 2.7 to 2.9 mm. long, 1.3 
‘mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, pilose, sometimes rather -sparsely so; first glume 
one-third to nearly half the length of the spikelet, usually pointed; second glume 


Fic. 251—P, ovale. From type specimen. 


a FI, Southeast. U. S. 102. 1903. 


238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


slightly shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma at maturity; fruit 2.2 mm. long, 
1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal form spreading-decumbent, the stiff culms rather loosely branching from 
the middle and upper nodes, the ultimate branchlets crowded at the ends of the 
primary branches, the reduced blades erect; winter leaves very firm, conspicuously 
ciliate; short culms with tufted branches sometimes formed during the winter, the 
green bushy crown persistent at the base of the tall vernal culms. 

Curtiss’s no. 4877 is referred here although the specimens resemble P. common- 
sianum, and the ligule is only 1 mm. long, as in that species; the spikelets, however, 


are those of P. ovale. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sandy.woods, North Carolina to Florida, also in Texas. 

NortuH Carouina: Near Wilmington, Ashe in 1899, Chase 4589. 

SoutH Carourna: Isle of Palms, Hitchcock 107; Aiken, Ravenel. 

Fioripa: Duval County, Curtiss 3583* in part; Jacksonville, Curtiss 4877, 5866, 
5813; Lake City, Combs 138, 
145, Hitchcock 550, 1013; Madi- 
son, Combs 225; Chattahoo- 
chee, Tracy 3617; Gainesville, 
Chase 4250, 4261; Old Town, 
Combs 888; Eustis, Curtiss 
6616, Nash 75, 103, 147, 1118, 
1518, 1857; Lake Harris, Chase 
4118; Tavares, HMitchcock 820; 
Grasmere, Combs 1080; San- 
ford, Hitchcock 785, 787; Titus- 
ville, Hitchcock 7614; Ormond, 
Mitchcock 160; Dunedin, Tracy 
6725; Braidentown, Hitchcock 968; Lakeland, Hitchcock 833, 846, 847, 851; 
Myers, Chase 4174, Hitchcock 900, 914, Lee Co. Pl. 474; Miami, Chase 3866, 
3947, Hitchcock 634, 661, 668, 677, 719, Pollard & Collins 223; Homestead, 
Hitchcock 688. 

Texas: Waller County, Thurow 17 in 1906. 


Fig. 252.— Distribution of P. ovale. 


140. Panicum scoparioides Ashe. 


Panicum scoparioides Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 53. 1898. ‘‘Based on 
No. 283, ex. Herb. A. Commons. Dry soil. Centreville, Del. June 1873. Distributed 
sub nom. P. Scribnertanum Nash.’’ This specimen could not be found in Ashe’s 

herbarium, but a specimen bearing the above 
_name and data is in the National Herbarium and 

is doubtless the type.¢ This consists of four vernal 
culms with immature panicles partly included in 
the uppermost sheaths. — 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light green; culms few to several 
in a tuft, 30 to 50 cm. high, slender,erect or ascend- 


Fig. 253.—P. scoparioides. From type : ; ogee : : : 
Specimen in) Nationalicvechariine ing, sparsely papillose-hispid with ascending hairs 


or nearly glabrous, the upper internodes shortened ; 
nodes sometimes sparsely bearded; sheaths papillose-hispid to nearly glabrous, the 
lower distant, the upper approximate, sometimes overlapping; ligules 2 to 3 mm. 
long; blades firm, ascending, 7 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, tapering to the 


2See note on type of P. huachucae, page 215. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 2389 


rounded base, acuminate, appressed-pubescent beneath, sparsely hispid on the upper 

surface, usually a few long hairs at the base; panicles short-exserted, usually 

included at the base until maturity, rather densely flowered, 4 to 7 cm. long, about 

two-thirds as wide, the branches ascending; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. 

wide, obovate, obtuse or minutely pointed; first glume about one-fourth as long as 

the spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile lemma papillose-pubescent, strongly - 
nerved, subequal, as long as the fruit, the marginsat the summit usually inrolled, the 

midnerve produced into an apiculus; fruit 1.9 mm. long, 1.1mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect or spreading, culms sparingly branching from the upper and 
middle nodes after the maturity of the primary panicle, the stiff, reduced blades 
involute-pointed, much exceeding the panicles. 

This species is less pubescent than 
any other in this group except P. oc- 
cidentale. The smoother specimens 
somewhat resemble P. boreale. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sandy or gravelly soil, Vermont 
to Delaware; also in Minnesota; ap- 
parently rare. 

VERMONT: Hartland, Jones 30. 

ConNECTICUT: Southington, Bissell 
385, 5581, 8084; East Lyme, 
Graves in 1903 (Hitchcock 
Herb.). 

InDIANA: Gary, Umbach 3686. 

Minnesota: Hennepin County, Sandberg in 1890; Ramsey County, Oestlund in 
1884 in part. 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 283, 359. 


Fig. 254.— Distribution of P. scoparioides. 


141. Panicum shastense Scrib. & Merr. 


Panicum shastense Scribn. & Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 35: 3. 1901. 
“Type specimens collected in a moist meadow at the edge of pine forests at Castle 
Crag, near Mt. Shasta, California, by Louis A. Greata, June, 1899.’ The type, in the 
National Herbarium, consists of three vernal 
culms, 25 to 30 cm. high, with short-exserted, 
nearly mature panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form pale green; culms tufted, 30 to 50 
cm. high, slender, ascending from a more or less 
geniculate base, papillose-pilose with ascending 
hairs; nodes short-bearded; sheaths papillose- 
pilose, the hairs spreading; hairs of the ligule 
rather sparse, 2to 3mm. long; bladesascending, 
6 to 8 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, acuminate, scarcely narrowed toward the base, 
papillose-pilose on the under surface and with scattered long hairs on the upper; 
panicles short-exserted, 6 to 8 cm. long, about two-thirds as wide, the axis pilose, the 
flexuous branches ascending; spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.4mm. wide, 
obovate-oblong, obtuse, papillose-pubescent; first glume one-fourth to one-third as 
long as the spikelet, pointed; second glume scarcely equaling the fruit and sterile 
lemma; fruit 2.1 mm. long, 1.3 mm, wide, elliptic. 


Fig. 255.—P. shastense. From type 
specimen. 


240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Autumnal form spreading, with geniculate nodes and elongated, arched internodes, — 
rather sparingly branching from the middle nodes, the primary branches elongated, 
the ultimate branchlets shorter than the internodes. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Known only from Castle Crag, Shasta County, California, where it is found in 
meadows. 
CALIFORNIA: Castle Crag, Greata in 1899, Hitchcock 3072. 


Columbiana.—Culms stiff, pubescent with appressed or ascending villous hairs, or 
crisp-puberulent, the sheaths pubescent like the culms or nearly glabrous; 
ligules usually less than 1 mm. long, rarely 1.5 mm. long; blades firm, thick, 
stiffly ascending, not over 7 mm. wide; spikelets pubescent, 1.3 to 3.2 mm. 
long, 5 to 9-nerved. Autumnal form freely branching, the branches and stiff 
blades mostlyappressed. With 
the exception of P. tsugetorum, 
confined to dunes and dry 
sands of the Coastal Plain, 
Massachusetts to Florida. 

The species of this group 
form a lineal series from P. 
malacon with spikelets 3.2 
mim. long to P. columbianum 
thinium with spikelets only 1.3 
mm. long. With the excep- 
tion of P. malacon and P. wil- 
mingtonense, there are con- 
necting forms between the successive species in this series, especially between 
P.commonsianum and P. addisonu, and between P. tsugetorum and P. colum- 
bianum. These intermediate specimens are, however, comparatively rare. 
On the other hand, P. oricola and hairy forms of P. tsugetorum make a 
clear cut division between the Lanuginosa and Columbiana impossible. 


Fig. 256.— Distribution of P. shastense. 


Spikelets 2 to 3.2 mm. long, mostly elliptic. 

Winter blades elongated, 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 2 
mm-lons: plants blue iereele a=: os 2a eee n eee 145. P. wilmingtonense. 

Winter blades 1 to 3 cm. long. 

Spikelets 3.2 mm. long; first glume conspicuously 
CiStamibs sooo. Ae ers i see, ook ca ape ee 142. P. malacon. 
Spikelets not over 2.5 mm. long; first glume not 
distant. 
Spikeletsabout 2.4 mm. (2.2 to 2.4 mm.) long; 
panicle open, branches stiffly spreading ..143. P.commonsianum. 
Spikelets2 to 2.1 mm. long; panicle rather dense, 
branches/ascendine: 22520. eee cee 144. P. addisoni. 
Spikelets not over 1.9 mm. long, obovate, turgid. 

Culms crisp-puberulent or appressed-pubescent with 
crimped hairs; plants bluish or grayish green; pan- 
icles about 3 to 7 cm. long. 

Spikeletsil3stowl:9) mm plomemae 4 co oe eer ae 146. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1k6-mamw homey: = oe as ae er see ee 147. 

Culms appressed or ascending-pilose; spikelets not over 
1.5 mm, long, rounded and turgid; plants oliva- 
ceous; panicles rarely more than 3 cm. long. 

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long; culms rather stout; autumnal 
form branching from all the nodes........... 148, P. oricola. 


. tsugetorum. 
. columbianum. 


Eo ac 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 241 


Spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long; culms very slender; 
autumnal form with branches mostly aggre- 
gated-toward the summit................-.. 147a. P. columbianum 
thinium. 


142. Panicum malacon Nash. 


Panicum malacon Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24:197. 1897. ‘‘Collected by the 
writer in the ‘high pine land’ at Eustis, Lake County, Florida, May 1-15, 1894, no. 
628.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching form, the numerous 
branches appressed, the blades densely puberulent on both surfaces. 

Panicum strictifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26:579. 1899. ‘‘Collected by 
the writer in the high pine land at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, May 3, 1894, no. 603. 
Most nearly related to P. malacon, but distinguished by the less copious pubescence 
which is much finer and softer, and by the glabrous upper surface of the blades.” 
The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching form, the primary panicles 
destitute of spikelets and the secondary panicles immature. This is less densely 
pubescent than is Nash 628, but the pubescence is not softer. The type of P. malacon 
is more copiously pubescent than are most 
specimens of this species. The spikelets 
of the two types are identical except that 
those of Nash 603 are immature, while those 
of no. 628 are mature. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form erect or stiffly spreading, pur- 
plish olive green; culms 30 to 50 cm. high, 
pubescent with ascending hairs, the nodes 
short-pubescent; sheaths pubescent like 
the culms, sometimes sparsely so; blades 
stiffly ascending or somewhat spreading, 4 

Fic. 257.—P. malacon. From type specimen. +0 12 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, rarely 

wider, sharply acuminate, scarcelynarrowed 
toward the base, puberulent beneath, puberulent or glabrous above, often villous at 
or near the margin or base with long hairs; panicles 4 to 7 cm. long, three-fourths to 
nearly as wide, few-flowered, branches few, stiffly ascending, the spikelets on long, 
stiff pedicels; spikelets 3 to 3.2 mm. long, 1.4 to 1.5 mm. wide, obovate (oblong before 
maturity), pubescent; first glume distant, half as long as the spikelet or more, sub- 
acute, 5 to 7-nerved; second glume scarcely equaling the fruit and sterile lemma; 
fruit short-stipitate, 2.6 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, elliptic, acute. 

Autumnal form more,or less decumbent-spreading, branching from the lower and 
middle nodes, the branches appressed 
and later rather sparingly producing 
appressed fascicled branchlets, the re- 
duced blades stiff, erect, and involute- 
pointed. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry pine woods, the so-called ‘‘high 
pine land,’’ Florida. 
Fioripa: East Pass, Tracy 9140; 

Lake City, Combs 167; Old 
Town, Combs 855; Grasmere, 
Combs 1036, 1161; Gainesville, Fig. 258.—Distribution of P. malacon. 
Chase 4251; Eustis, Chase 4072, 
4077, Hitchcock 801, 813, Nash 36, 63, 132, 603, 628; Clearwater, Tracy 6700; 
Dunedin, Tracy 6725; Lakeland, Hitchcock 845. 


41616°—von 15—10 16 


249 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


143. Panicum commonsianum Ashe. 


Panicum commonsianum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 55.1898. ‘‘Based 
on no. 341, Commons. Collected in drifting sands along the coast, Cape May, N. J., 
June, 1898.’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, ‘‘Ex. Herb. A. Commons,”’ consists of 
five tufts of vernal culms with mature primary panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants grayish olive, drying brownish; culms usually in dense tufts 20 to 50 
cm. high, stiffly ascending or spreading, papillose-strigose to appressed-pilose, the hairs 
at the nodes more spreading; sheaths shorter than the internodes, strigose to appressed- 
pilose like the culms but less densely so; ligules 1 mm. long or less; blades firm, 
stiffly ascending, 5 to 8 (rarely 9) cm. long, 4 to 7 
mm. wide, broadest near the rounded base, the ser- 
rulate, cartilaginous margin involute toward the 
acuminate apex, glabrous on the upper surface or 
with a few long hairs toward the base or margin, 
strigose on the lower surface or glabrous; panicles 
long-exserted, 4 to 8 cm. long, about as wide, 
loosely flowered, the axis and branches strigose 
to nearly glabrous, the branches stiffly spreading, 
spikelet-bearing toward the ends; spikelets 2.2 to 
2.4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute, 
pubescent; first glume about half as long as the 
spikelet, sometimes longer, usually pointed, 3-nerved; second glume slightly shorter 
than the fruit and sterile lemma at maturity; fruit 2mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, 


Fic. 259.—P. commonsianum. From 
type specimen. 


’ gubacute. 


Autumnal culms branching from the middle and upper nodes, after the maturity 
of the primary panicles becoming spreading or prostrate, the larger clumps forming 
mats in the sand, the reduced secondary subinvolute blades rather crowded, stiffly 
ascending, overtopping the panicles; 
winter blades lanceolate, commonly 
more hairy than those of the culm. 

This species is variable as to pubes- 
cence. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dunes and sandy woods near the 
coast, Connecticut to northern Florida. 


Connecticut: North Haven, An- 
drews in 1901; South Windsor, ; : 
Bissell 12000. Fig. 260.—Distribution of P. commonsianum. 

New York: Lake Roukonkoma, 

Bicknell; Rockville Center, Bicknell in 1906; Valley Stream, Bicknell in 1905; 
Hempstead, Bicknell in 1903. 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 1485, 2155, 2165; East Plains, Stone 
4, 6; Lakehurst, Mackenzie 2067; Toms River, Bicknell in 1900, Chase 3575; 
Forked River, Chase 3584, 3596; Atsion, Chase 3531, 3541, 3544, 3570; Cape 
May, Canby 4 in 1902, Commons 48, 341; Wildwood, Chase 35173. 

DELAWARE: Lewes, Hitchcock 408, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 2438 


ViRGINIA: Region of Cape Henry, Chase 2349, 5428, Hitchcock 407, Kearney 1393, 
1454, 1776, 2114, Pollard & Maxon in 1900. 

NortH Carouna: Wilmington, Chase 3161, 4601, Hitchcock 326, 336. 

SoutH Carona: Isle of Palms, Chase 4544. 

GeorciA: Augusta, Kearney 209. 

Fiorina: East Pass, Tracy 9141. 


144. Panicum addisonii Nash. 


Panicum addisoni Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 83. 1898. ‘‘Collected by Mr. 
E. P. Bicknell in sandy soil at Wildwood, N. J., May 30 and 31, 1897.’’ The type 
specimen, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching form with culms 15 to 30 cm. 
high, mature primary panicles, and spikelets 2 to 2.1 mm. long. 

Panicum owenae Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 185. 1908. ‘‘Type collected 
September 20, 1907, on the sandy commons west of the town [Nanttcket], deposited 
in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden.’’ The type specimen is the autumnal form, the primary 
panicles destitute of spikelets, the secondary panicles among the crowded autumnal 
leaves. The blades are nearly smooth except for scattered long hairs near the margin. 
The vernal form collected by Bicknell at the type locality June 20, 1908, is more 
pubescent. 


DESCRIPTION. 


- 


Vernal form similar to that of P. commonsianum and often closely resembling that 
species; culms more slender, rarely as much as 40 cm. high, appressed or ascending- 
pilose at least below, puberulent above; sheaths sparsely ascending-pilose; blades 
stiffly ascending, 4 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, involute-pointed, glabrous on the 
upper surface, sometimes with a few long hairs near the margin, pubescent or glabrous 
beneath; panicles long-exserted, 2 to 6 cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, — 
the stiff branches ascending, the panicle thus ap- 
pearing more densely flowered; spikelets 2 to 2.1 
mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, obovate, blunt, papillose- 
pubescent, or the papillee obscure; first glume one- 
third to half as long as the spikelet, usually pointed; 
second glume and sterile lemma barely equaling the 
fruit at maturity; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
elliptic, subobtuse. 

Autumnal form more or jess spreading, rather Ren Mapa ca 
freely branching from all the nodes, the branches Ayla ue 
appressed or narrowly ascending, the later branch- 
lets somewhat fascicled, the stiff blades not greatly reduced, overtopping the num- 
erous reduced panicles. | 

-This species very closely approaches forms of P. commonsianum, the smaller, 
broader spikelets with shorter first glume affording about the only constant difference, 
though it is P.commonsianum rather than P. addisonii which varies much. The 
type of P. owenae and a specimen collected by Steele, Suitland, Maryland, in 1899, 
both late autumnal forms, have fascicled primary branches from the lower nodes. 
Usually only the secondary branchlets are fascicled. Two southern specimens, 
Chase 4580 and Hitchcock 557, have laxer culms and more spreading branches. 


944 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sand barrens, Massachusetts to South Carolina. 


Massacuusetts: Andover, Blake in 1882; Nantucket, Bicknell in 1907 and 1908. 

Connecticut: East Lyme, Graves in 1903 (Bissell Herb.). 

New York: Hempstead, Bicknell 
in 1903 and 1906. 

New Jersey: Wildwood, Bicknell 
in 1897, Chase 3517; Wildwood 
Junction, Chase 3523; Toms 
River, Bicknellin 1900; Forked 

- River, Chase 3583,3595; Atsion, 
Chase 3538; Lakehurst, Chase 
3574; Somers Point, Canby 5in 
1902; Tuckerton, Chase 3603. 

MaryYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, 
Hitchcock 1617; Suitland, Steele Fig. 262.—Distribution of P. addisonii. 
in 1899. 

Virernia: Virginia Beach, Hitchcock 556 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Nort Carouina: Wilmington, Chase 3166, 4580; Hitchcock 335, 399. 

SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 557. 


145. Panicum wilmingtonense Ashe. 


Panicum wilmingtonense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 86.1900. ‘‘The 
type material collected in May, 1899, on the sand hills near Wilmington, N. C., is 
- preserved in my herbarium.”’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, is labeled, ‘Shady 
slopes on the sand hills one mile to north of Wilmington, May 17, 1899. W. W. Ashe, 
Collector.’? The plants are the vernal form with some autumnal culms of the preced- 
ing season attached. 

Panicum alabamense Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 116.1900, not Trin. 
1854. ‘‘Auburn, Ala., May 7, 1898. Number 1530, Alabama Biological Survey.’’ 
The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, is a tuft of young vernal culms, the panicles only 
partly exserted. Mounted on the sheet with this is 
a specimen of P.lucidum. Ashe’s description refers 
to the latter only in so far as the spikelets are said 
to be glabrous. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form bluish green; culms solitary in small 
lita. 263 =P_-Gilmingonense. Mio tufts; slender, erect from an ascending base 20 to 
type specimen. 40 cm. high, pilose with soft, ascending hairs, the 
nodes pubescent with short, reflexed hairs; sheaths 
pubescent like the culms, densely villous-ciliate at the summit; blades rather stiff, 
ascending, 4 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper surface, softly 
pubescent to nearly glabrous beneath, strongly ciliate on margin near base, the thick 
cartilaginous margin white at least when dry; panicles 5 to 8 cm. long, the branches 
ascending; spikelets 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute, first glume one- 
fourth to one-third as long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma pubes- 
cent, the glume slightly shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.7 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, elliptic, obtuse. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 245 


Autumnal form spreading, branching from the middle and upper nodes, the 
branches rather crowded, the reduced 
involute-pointed blades exceeding the 
ultimate panicles; blades of the winter 
rosette as much as7 cm. (rarely 12 
cm.) long. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods, North Carolina and 
‘Alabama; rare. 


Norta Carona: Wilmington, 
Ashe in 1899, Hitchcock 316; 
Jacksonville, Chase 3195. 

AtaBAMA: Auburn, Alabama Bio- 
logical Survey, Earle & Baker 1530 in part, Hitchcock 1325; Gateswood, 
Tracy 8429. : 


Fig. 264.—Distribution of P. wilmingtonense. 


146. Panicum tsugetorum Nash. 


Panicum tsugetorum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 86. 1898. ‘‘Type material 
collected by the writer in the Hemlock Grove, New York Botanical Garden, on dry 
soil, June 22, 1896, no. 287.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a clump of 
8 vernal culms 20 to 37 cm. high, decumbent at base and bearing scarcely mature pan- 
icles. The culms are less stiff and the blades thinner than usual in this species, as 
the plants grew in the shade. 

Panicum lanuginosum siccanum Hitche. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 207. 1906. ‘“‘Type 
Chase 1602. Dry, hot sand of sandstone cliff. Starved Rock, Ill.’’ This specimen, 
in the National Herbarium, is the early autumnal form, and represents an extremely 
hairy form of P.tsugetorum. The culms and sheaths are ascending-pilose and the 
blades are sparsely long-pilose on the upper surface. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants usually pale bluish green; culms 30 to 50 cm. high, spreading or 
ascending, the lower nodes often geniculate, densely appressed-pubescent with short, 
crisp hairs, long hairs more or less copiously intermixed with these on the lower inter- 
nodes or sometimes nearly to the summit; sheaths commonly not much shorter than 
the internodes, pubescent like the culm but less densely so, ascending-ciliate on the 
| margin; ligules 1 to 1.5 mm. long; blades thickish, 
firm, with a thin white cartilaginous margin, ascend- 
ing, 4 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, rounded at the 
base, acuminate, glabrous or with a few long hairs 
near the base on the upper surface, appressed- 
puberulent beneath; panicles 3 to 7 cm. long, nearly 
as wide, the axis‘and spreading, flexuous branches 
appressed crisp puberulent; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide, obovate-obtuse, rather turgid, 
short-pubescent; first glume one-third to two-fifths 
as long as the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma barely equaling the 
fruit at maturity; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal form decumbent-spreading, branching from the lower and middle nodes 
often before the maturity of the primary panicles, the branches ascending, the ulti- 
mate branchlets appressed, the blades not greatly reduced nor crowded; winter 
rosette appearing rather early, the blades often conspicuously longy-pilose. 


Fic. 265.—P. tsugetorum. From 
type specimen. 


246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


In this species the blades are typically glabrous on the upper surface and the culms 
and sheaths are appressed-pubescent with short, crisp hairs, longer hairs intermixed 
on the lower internodes only, but numerous specimens have blades sparsely long- 
pilose on the upper surface and culms and sheaths ascending-pilose almost to the 
summit. This form is represented by the following specimens: MASSACHUSETTS: 
Smith 740; Ontario: Macoun 26236; New Jersey: Chase 3579, 3608; InpIANa: 
Chase 1552; Ittino1s: Chase 1602 (type of P. lanuginosum siccanum Hitche. & Chase), 
1604, 16054; All 124 and 129 in 1905; Micuiaan: Morris A240. Hill 124 and Chase 
3608 are so strongly pilose as to resemble P. amplicatum. 

Two collections from Chesapeake Beach, Chase 3269 and 3270, seem to be interme- 
diate between P. tsugetorum and P. columbianum, having the habit and pubescence 
of the former but spikelets only 1.7 mm. long. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods, Maine to Illinois, Virginia and Tennessee. 


Marne: North Berwick, Parlin 1215; Fayette, Chase 3390, 33994; Chesterville, 
Chase 3321, 3363; Ogunquit, Parlin 1577. 

VERMONT: Salisbury, Brainerd in 1903 (Gray Herb.). 

MassacHuseEtts: Framingham, Smith 740. 

Connecticut: South Manchester, Hitchcock 134; Southington, Andrews 62, 14, 
Bissell 5594, 5595, 5616. 

RHoDE IsLtanpD: Gloucester, Collins in 1908. 

New York: Thousand Islands, Bicknell in 1905; Sylvan Beach, House 1287; 
Ausable Point, Eggleston 2843; Washington County, Burnham 19; Albany, 
Peck 6; Oneida Lake, Coville 
in 1887; Bronx Park, Nash 
287; Woodmere, Bicknell in 
1902 and 1906; Jamaica, Bick- 
nell in 1904; Hempstead, Bick- 
nell in 1903; Norwood, Bick- 
nell in 1903; Rosedale, Bick- 
nell in 1904; Valley Stream, 
Bicknell in 1904; Cedarhurst, 
Bicknell in 1902. 

Ontario: Tilsonburg, Macoun 
26236. 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mac- 
kenzie 1379, 2220; Tuckerton, Chase 3601, 3608, 3612; Atsion, Chase 3532, 3543, 
3564; Forked River, Chase 3579; Wildwood Junction, Chase 3524. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Tannersville, Smith 2. 

Onto: Defiance County, Fullmer in 1898 (Ohio State Univ. Herb.). 

Inprana: Dune Park, Chase 1921; Miller, Chase 1544, 1552; Gibson, Bebb 29393, 
Steuben County, Deam in 1904. 

Inuinots: Starved Rock, Chase 1602, 1604, 16054, Greenman, Lansing & Dixon 155; 
Oregon, Hill 124 and 129 in 1905. 

Micuican: Port Huron, Dodge in 1909; Twin Lakes, Wheeler 22; Port Austin, 
Morris A240 in part. 

DELAWARE: Point Lookout, Canby 9. 

MARYLAND: Beltsville, Chase 3752; Riverdale, Chase 3642. 

District or Cotumpia: House 907, Scribner in 1894, Ward in 1878. 

Vireinia: Patrick County, Heller 1312; Ocean View, Kearney 1447; Lee County, 
Small in 1892 (Gray Herb.). 

West Virainia: Harpers Ferry, Hitchcock 135. 

TENNESSEE: Lookout Mountain, Ruth in 1899 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


Fig. 266.—Distribution of P. tsugetorum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 247 
147. Panicum columbianum Scribn. 


Pamicum heterophyllum Bosc; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 227. 1829, not Spreng. 1822. 
Based on ‘‘Panicum heterophyllum Bosc, Herb. Willd.’’ The type specimen, in the 
Willdenow Herbarium, labeled in Bosc’s hand, is the vernal form. 

Panicum columbianum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 7: 78. f. 60. 1897. 
“Dry sandy fields, meadows and open woodlands, New England and southward to the 
Carolinas, and westward to Tennessee and Alabama, mostly near the coast; also in 
California.’”? The type, the specimen from which figure 60 is drawn, is in Hitchcock’s 
herbarium. It is labeled as follows in Scribner’s writing: ‘‘Panicum columbianum 
Scribn. (Type) Brookland, D. C., July 14, 1894. Coll. F. L.-S.’’ The specimen con- 
sists of three branching culms, 25 to 38 cm. high, the primary panicles destitute of 
spikelets. A duplicate type is in the National Herbarium. 

Panicum psammophilum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 576. November, 1899, not 
Welw. July, 1899. ‘‘New Jersey: * * * Toms River, July 25-31, 1898, W. N. 
Clute, no. 175 (type).’’ This specimen, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical 
Garden, consists of five branching culms, 15 to 40 cm. high, the primary panicles desti- 
tute of spikelets. The lower internodes are appressed-pilose, but otherwise the speci- 
men is very similar to Scribner’s type. 

This species has been erroneously referred to Panicum unciphyllum Trin.« The 
specimen sent as a portion of the type from the Trinius Herbarium is P. columbianum, 
but a subsequent examination of Trinius’s plants showed that there were two groups 
of specimens lying loose upon a single sheet, one group being the type of P. unciphyllum 
(P. tenue Muhl.), the other group being P. columbianum. A plant of the latter had 
been sent with a copy of the label of the former. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light grayish green, often purplish; culms tuited, 15 to 50 cm., rarely 
60 cm., high, stiffly ascending, densely crisp-puberulent with long, ascending, crimped 
hairs commonly intermixed toward the base, but much less copiously than in P. 
tsugetorum; sheaths shorter than the internodes, less pubescent than the culms, some- 
times puberulent between the nerves only; ligules 
less than 1 mm. long; blades firm, ascending or erect, 
3 to 6 cm. long (seldom over 5 cm. long), 3 to5 mm. 
wide, broadest at the rounded base, the serrulate, 
often white, cartilaginous margin usually involute 
toward the acuminate apex, typically glabrous on 
the upper surface but sometimes sparsely pilose toward 
the base, densely appressed-puberulent to glabrous 
beneath; panicles 2.5 to 4 cm. (rarely 5 cm.) long, 
about three-fourths as wide, the lower branches 
ascending, the axis and branches puberulent to nearly glabrous; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, turgid, densely short-pubescent; first glume 
one-third to scarcely half as long as the spikelet, acute or subacute; second glume 
and sterile lemma subequal, scarcely covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.3 mm. 
long, 0.9 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, obtuse. 

Autumnal culms branching from the middle and upper nodes at the maturity of the 
primary panicles, becoming widely spreading or decumbent at base, the early branches 
sometimes nearly equaling the primary culm, the ultimate branchlets in short, 
appressed fascicles, the crowded blades usually equaling or exceeding the reduced 
panicles; winter blades thickish, lanceolate, often sparsely pilose or ciliate. 

Specimens of this species and the preceding often closely resemble each other, 
since both vary much in pubescence and somewhat in habit. Panicum columbianum 


Fig. 267.—P. columbianum. From 
type specimen. 


@ Hitchcock, Bot. Gaz. 41: 66. 1906. 


248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


is typically smaller, more slender and stiffer than P. tsugetorum, and the culms are 
densely crisp-puberulent with little of the pilose character of the latter. Occasional 
specimens, like Bissell 5596, Chase 3822, and Graves 10, are larger, laxer plants with 
appressed-pilose culms and are referred to P. eee because the spikelets are 


not over 1.6 mm. long. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods or open ground, Maine to Virginia.@ 

Marne: North Berwick, Parlin 1196; York Harbor, Bicknell in 1896. 

New Hawmpsarre: Laconia, Carter in 1902 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

MASSACHUSETTS: Wellesley, Snuth 738; Framingham, Smith 742, 744. 

CoNnNEctTIcUT: Griswold, Graves 10; 
Waterford, Graves 83, ve 
Southington, Andrews in 1902, 
Bissell 5596. 

New Yor«r: Van Cortlandt Park, 
Bicknell in 1891; Rockville 
Center, Bicknell in 1903 and 
1906; Cedarhurst, Bicknell in 
1903; Hempstead, Bicknell in 
1903; Jamaica, Bicknell in 
1905. 

New JERSEY: Tuckerton, Chase Fic. 268.—Distribution of P. columbianum. 
3606, 3613; Atsion, Chase 3533, 

3539; Wildwood, Chase 3519; Toms River, Clute 175; Mount Arlington, 
Mackenzie 1399; Lakehurst, Mackenzie 2068; Chadwick, Mackenzie 2404; South 
Amboy, Mackenzie 2247; Sussex County, Mackenzie 2105. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Stroudsburg, Porter in 1898. 

MARYLAND: Patuxent River, Hitchcock 1632; Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 
2407, 2413; Beltsville, Chase 3794, 3832; West Chevy Chase, Chase 5427, 
DISTRICT OF Ogu Chase 5429, 5430, Hitchcock 2418, Sauer in 1894, 

Williams in 1896. 
Vireinta: Norfolk, Vasey in 1884 (Gray Herb... 


147a. Panicum columbianum thinium Hitche. & Chase. 


Panicum unciphyllum thinium Hitche. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. ‘Type 
Chase 3577 in National Herbarium. In mats, sandy, open ground, Tom’s River, N. J., 
July 28,1906; collected by Agnes Chase’’. The type consists of a tuft of many autum- 
nal culms 12 to 20 cm. high, the spikelets 1.3 mm. long. 

Panicum columbianum thinium Hitche. & Chase in 
Robinson, Rhodora 10: 64. 1908. Based on P. unci- 
phyllum thinium Hitche. & Chase. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms shorter and more slender than in P. colum- 
bianum, not over 30 cm. high, usually about 20 cm. high, 
densely tufted, the appressed pubescence longer, stiffer, 
and arising from minute papille; sheaths sparsely ascending pilose; blades rarely over 
3. cm. long, sparsely pilose with long hairs on the upper surface at least near the margin 


Fic. 269.—P. columbianum thini- 
um. From type specimen. 


a The extended range given with the original description was based on misidentifi- 
cation of various small specimens of P. lindheimeri, as shown by such specimens 
labeled by Scribner ‘‘ Panicum columbianum” in the National Herbarium and in 
Hitchcock’s herbarium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 249 


and base, the long hairs sometimes mixed with appressed pubescence beneath; panicles 
1.5 to 4 cm. long, about as wide; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, rounded obovate, very 
turgid, pubescent; second glume shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.1 mm. long, 
0.8 mm. wide, obtuse. 

Autumnal form widely spreading, the branches appearing earlier than in the species, 
shorter and usually more crowded and somewhat aggregated toward the summit. 

A few specimens intermediate between the species and subspecies occur, as Kearney 
10, District of Columbia, which has the habit and pubescence of the subspecies but 
spikelets 1.5 mm. long; Chase 3559, Atsion, New Jersey, and Commons 58, Rehoboth, 
Delaware, which have the stouter culms and crisped pubescence of the species but 
spikelets 1.4 mm. long. Short speci- 
mens with much crowded branches 
resemble P. oricola, from which they 
may be distinguished by the smaller 
spikelets and less dense pubescence. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sands, Massachusetts to Virginia. 

Massacuusetts: Nantucket, Bick- 
nell in 1899 and 1904. 

New Jersey: Mantoloking, Lyon 
in 1902; Atsion, Chase 3534, Fig. 270.—Distribution of P. columbianum thinium. 
3560, Saunders & Clute2;Toms 
River, Chase 3577; Forked River, Chase 3588; Tuckerton, Chase 3605. 

MarRYLAND: Hyattsville, Chase 3806. 

Vireris: Lynn Haven, Hitchcock 406. 


148. Panicum oricola Hitchc. & Chase. 


Panicum ocricola Hitchc. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 208. 1906. ‘‘Type Hitchcock 47 in 
National Herbarium. Prostrate clumps on bare sand on low mounds between marsh 
and sand dune. Lewes, Del., June 18, 1905, collected by A. 8. Hitchcock.’’ This 
specimen is the early autumnal form. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form grayish, often purplish; culms densely tufted, 10 to 30 cm. high, 
spreading, densely appressed or ascending pilose, the hairs on the nodes spreading; 
sheaths usually more than half the length of the internodes, appressed-pilose; ligules 
1 to 1.5 mm. long; blades firm, erect or ascending, 2 
to5cm. long, 2 to4 mm. wide, broadest near the base, 
acuminate, the upper surface pilose with hairs 3 to 5 
mm. long, the lower surface appressed-pubescent with 
longer hairs intermixed; panicles short-exserted, or 
rarely long-exserted early in the season, 1.8 to 3 cm. 
long, rarely longer, about two-thirds as wide, rather 
densely flowered, the axis appressed-pubescent, the 
flexuous branches ascending or spreading; spikelets 
1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, broadly obovate, turgid, obtuse, pubescent with short 
spreading hairs; first glume one-third to half the length of the spikelet, abruptly 
pointed; second glume and sterile lemma barely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 
1.3 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, very turgid. 


if 
Fig. 271.—P. oricola. From type 
specimen. 


250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Autumnal form prostrate, forming mats, with short, fascicled branchesat all the nodes, 
the branches appearing before the maturity of the primary panicles; leaves and 
panicles not greatly reduced, the latter overtopped by the blades, which are less pilose 
than earlier ones; winter blades sparsely pilose above. 

This species is more copiously pubescent than any other in this group and in this 
character resembles species of the Lanuginosa, but its affinity seems to be rather 
with the Columbiana. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Sand barrens along the coast, Massachusetts to Virginia. 


MassacuuseErtts: Nantucket, Bartlett 1368, 1379, Bicknell in 1906, Hitchcock 558; 
Plymouth, Oakes; Quanquisset, Bartlett 1327. 

CoNNECTICUT: Groton, Bissell 9306 
(Bissell Herb.). 

New York: Northville, Young in 
1871; West Rockaway, Bicknell 
in 1903; Lawrence, Bicknell 
in 1906; Hempstead, Bicknell 
in 1903; Woodmere, Bicknell 
in 1902; Rockville Center, 
Bicknell in 1906; Valley 
Stream, Bicknell in 1905. 

New Jersey: Absecum, Commons 
45; Tuckerton, Chase 3609; 
East Plains, Stone 8; Atlantic 
City, Parker; Hammonton, Canby in 1902; South Amboy, Mackenzie 1355; 
Atsion, Chase 3562; Toms River, Chase 3576; Forked River, Chase 3581. 

DELAWARE: Rehoboth, Commons 59, 60; Lewes, Hitchcock 47. 

Virainia: Ocean View, Coville 13, 14, Kearney 1461; Cape Henry, Chase 5431. 


Fig. 272.— Distribution of P. oricola. 


Sphaerocarpa.—Culms usually few in a tuft, rather stout, glabrous; ligules obsolete 
or nearly so; blades mostly thick and firm, cordate and ciliate at base, mar- 
gins strongly cartilaginous; spikelets obovoid-spherical at maturity, oval 
when young, 1 to 1.8 mm. long, puberulent; second glume and sterile lemma, 
5 to 7-nerved; panicle branches mostly viscid. Autumnal form remaining 
simple or but sparingly branching, the thick, white-margined blades of the 
winter rosette conspicuous. 


Culms spreading; blades obscurely nerved; panicle nearly as broad as long. 


Ligules obsolete or wanting; blades lanceolate. ......... 149. P.sphaerocarpon. 
Ligules evident, 0.3 to 1 mm. long; margins of blades 
parallel for at least two-thirds their length. -......- 149a. P. sphaerocarpon 
inflatum. 


Culms erect or ascending; blades rather strongly nerved; 
panicle never more than two-thirds as broad as long, 
usually less. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long; blades lanceolate, the 
upper not reducedee scan ee wom kaos ee een eee 150. P. polyanthes. 
Spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades tapering from base to 
apex, the upper much smaller than the lower...... 151. P. erectifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 251 
149. Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. 


Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 1: 125. 1816. “‘GrowsinGeorgia. Dr. 
Baldwin.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of a single plant with a 
mature, long-exserted panicle. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum sphaero- 
carpon Hab. Georg. Dr. Baldwin.’’ 

Panicum kalmii Swartz, Adnot. Bot. 6.1829. ‘‘Hab. in America boreali (Pennsyl- 
vania?): Prof. Kalm.’’ The type, labeled ‘‘Panicum Kalmii Swartz in Adnot. Bot. 
p. 6,’’ in the Swartz Herbarium, is a single vernal plant. 

Panicum heterophyllum Swartz, Adnot. Bot. 6. 1829, not Spreng. 1822. This is 
mentioned as a synonym of P. kalmw Swartz. 

Panicum dichotomum sphaerocarpum Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 1861. Presum- 
ably based on P. sphaerocarpon Ell., though the description hardly applies to this 
species. 

Panicum nitidum crassifolium Gray; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2?: 247. 1877. This 
is described from a “‘specimen in New-Jersey lectum, n. 30.’’ Doell’s plant is evi- 
dently one of the specimens distributed by Gray in Gramineae and Cyperaceae 1: no. 
30. 1834, under the above name. The specimen in the Gray Herbarium bears the 
data ‘‘Hab.—Pine barrens of New-Jersey.’’? This was not described by Gray. It 
represents the slender form of P. sphaerocarpon. 

Panicum microcarpum sphaerocarpon Vasey, Grasses U. S. 12. 1883. Based on 
‘““P. sphaerocarpon, Ell.”’ 

Panicum vicarium Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 20. 1886. Fournier cites only one specimen, 
“Cordova (ScHAFFN. n. 285).’’ The type is in the Paris Herbarium. This name 
was earlier listed by Hemsley? without description. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light green, in tufts of few to several culms, 20 to 55 cm. high, radiate- 
spreading, occasionally nearly erect, the nodes appressed-pubescent; sheaths nearly 
as long as or longer than the comparatively short internodes, loose toward the summit, 
ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, sometimes with viscid tubercles between 
the nerves; ligules nearly or quite obsolete; blades thick and firm with usually incon- 
spicuous nerves, ascending, 6 to 10 cm. long, 7 to 14 
mm. wide (rarely longer or wider), the upper and 
lower smaller, acuminate, slightly narrowed to the 
subcordate base, rough on the upper surface, smooth 
below, the cartilaginous, scabrous margins stiffly 
ciliate toward the base; panicles long-exserted, 5 
to 10 cm. long, nearly as wide, rather loosely 
flowered, the axis and ascending branches with 
viscid spots; spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, 1 to 1.3 
mm. wide (in exceptional specimens only 1.5 mm. long), obovoid-spherical at matu- 
rity (oval when young), puberulent; first glume about one-fourth the length of 
the spikelet, obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity; 
fruit 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide, obovoid-spherical. 

Autumnal form prostrate-spreading, sparingly branching late in the season from 
the base or lower and middle nodes, the branches short, mostly simple, the blades 
and panicles not greatly reduced; winter rosettes of many thick, ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, white-margined leaves, appearing early. 

Numerous specimens occur which are intermediate between this species and the 
following subspecies. These more slender plants with usually narrower blades and 
slightly smaller spikelets are the form named Panicum nitidum var. crassifolium by 


Fig. 273.—P. sphaerocarpon. From 
type specimen. 


@ Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 498. 1885. 


252, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Gray % as shown by the specimen from ‘‘Pine barrens of New-Jersey,’’ in the Boott 
set of the Gramineae and Cyperaceae now in the Gray Herbarium. This varietal 
name was never published by Gray and P. nitidwm was included under P. dichotomum 
in Gray’s Manual from the first to the fifth editions. In the sixth edition the name 
P. nitidum was applied to P. sphaerocarpon Ell., (which was cited as synonym) as 
shown by the description and by specimens in the Gray Herbarium. The interme- 
diate specimens, of which the following are representative, are included in those 
cited below: Ball 69, Bebb 1259, Chase 3089, 3256, 3489, 3611, Hitchcock 1216, 1607, 
Mackenzie 2166, Plank 49, Tracy 13, 4607. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy soil, Vermont to northern Florida, west to Illinois and Texas, and south 
through Mexico to Venezuela. 


Vermont: Putney, Blanchard 9 (Gray Herb.). 

MAssACHUSETTS: Boston, Swan in 1886; Framingham, Smith 748. 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 8, 73; Waterford, Graves 85; Berlin, Bissell 
5985; Portland, Wilson 1435. 

RHODE Is~anpb: Providence, Olney in 1868 (Brown Univ. Herb.). 

New York: Niagara County, Townsend 1; Long Island, Bicknell in 1905. 

New Jersey: Berkeley Heights, Mackenzie 2250; Tuckerton, Chase 3611; Wild- 
wood, Chase 3489, 3509; Cape 
May, Pollard in 1897; South 
Amboy, Mackenzie 2166. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 
1893 and 1897; Stroudsburg, 
Porter in 1898; Germantown, 
Stone 6; Newtown, Smith 160. 

Oxo: Portsmouth, Kellerman in 
1899 (Ohio State Univ. Herb.). 

InpIANA: Dune Park, Chase 1850, 
V. H. Chase 242. 

Intuinors: Jackson, French in 1906. 

MicuicaNn: Detroit, Farwell 1388; 
Grand Beach Springs, Hill 88 and 90 in 1908; Magician Lake, Umbach 2153. 

Missouri: St. Louis, Eggert 254; Cliff Cave, Kellogg 9, 11; Swan, Bush 675; 
Eagle Rock, Bush 145. 

Kansas: Cherokee County, Hitchcock Pl. Kans. 883. 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 284, 298; Milton, Commons 350; Rehoboth, 
Commons 49, 50; Lewes, Hitchcock 561. 

MARYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, Chase 3256, Hitchcock 1605, 1607, 1615, 1616, 
2408; between Chesapeake Beach and Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock, 
1626, 1639. 

District oF CotumBIA: Ball 65, Chase 2401, 2412, Kearney 12, Pollard 398, 
Vasey 34, 111, Ward in 1878, Williams 1, 2. 

Vircinia: Alexandria, House 1058, Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 553; Four- 
Mile Run, Chase 5432, 5433; Norfolk County, Chase 2332, Kearney 301 in 
part, 1560; Munden, Mackenzie 1663; Virginia Beach, Williams 3098. 

NortH Carouina: Roanoke Island, Chase 3212, 3237; Lake Mattamuskeet, Chase 
3206; Wilmington, Chase 4591, Hitchcock 1426; Chapel Hill, Chase 3074; 
Caraleigh Junction, Chase 3089; Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 4292b. 


Fig. 274.—Distribution of P. sphaerocarpon. 


aGram. & Cyp. 1: no. 30. 1834. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 2583 


Souts CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1381; Pacolet, House 2492; Clemson 
College, House 2413; Aiken, Kearney 243, Ravenel. 

Georaia: Augusta, Cuthbert 1157, 1158; Kearney 217; Lookout Mountain, Ruth 
1, 6, 75; Union, Harper 1087; Millen, Curtiss 6828; Thomson, Bartlett 1459. 

Fiorma: Monticello, Combs 306; St. Andrews Bay, Tracy 9137. 

Kentucky: Bell County, Kearney 594. 

TENNESSEE: Cocke County, Kearney 968. 

ALABAMA: Pisgah, Chase 4470; Valley Head, Ruth 21; Tuskegee, Carver 28, 67; 
Cullman County, Eggert 13, 23; Anniston, Tracy 7402; Mobile, Kearney 25; 
Springhill, Langlois 43. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Tracy 47; Jackson, Hitchcock 1307; Enterprise, Tracy 
3296 in part; Biloxi, Hitchcock 1078, 1084, Kearney 320, Tracy 4576, 4597; 
Ocean Springs, Tracy 13; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1095, 1099, 1102; Moss 
Point, Tracy 4604; Cat Island, Tracy 433; Petit Bois Island, Tracy 4607. 

Arkansas: Little Rock, Coville in 1887; Miller County, Eggert 115; Benton 
County, Plank 49, 99. 

LourstANna: Calhoun, Ball 69; Hitchcock 1284; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1241; Breton 
Island, Tracy & Lloyd 468; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1126, 1132, 1134, 1136, 
1AST. 

Texas: Waller County, Aitchcock 1181, 1190, 1213, 1216, Thurow 2, 4, 10, 30; 
Houston, Bebb 1259; Hall 832; Denison, Bebb 1434; Terrell, Warburton 12; 
Columbia, Bush 177; Weatherford, Tracy 7946; Victoria, Plank 4; Milano, 
Griffiths 6551; Galveston, Plank 34. 

OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 1218; Stillwater, Hitchcock 562. 

Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Schaffner 1037; Jalapa, Pringle 7883 (Hitchcock Herb.) 
8344; Chinantla, Liebmann 327; Orizaba, Botteri; Schiede & Deppe ‘‘acumi- 
natum b” (Berlin Herb.), Schaffner 138 (Paris Herb.); Cérdoba, Schaffner 285 
(Paris Herb.). : 

GUATEMALA: Coban, Tuerckhetm 56 in part; crater of Pacaya Volcano, Keller- 
man 6236. 

Costa Rica: Abejonal, Tonduz 7878; San Pedro de la Calabaza, Tonduz 10745 
in part; Copey, Tonduz 11866. 

VENEZUELA: Fendler 1638. 


149a. Panicum sphaerocarpon inflatum (Scribn. & Smith) Hitche. 


Panicum inflatum Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 5. 1899. 
“Type No. 4622, 8. M. Tracy, collected at Biloxi, Miss., October, 1898.’’ The type, 
in the National Herbarium, is a branching plant, decumbent and rooting at the lower 
nodes, the loose sheaths prominently tuberculate, the loosely flowered panicles 
mature. 

Panicum mississippiense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 91. 1900. ‘‘Col- 
jected by me on the banks of the Mississippi River below New Orleans in October. I 
also refer here S. M. Tracy’s No. 6777, collected on Horne Island, Miss., in July, 1899.” 
The type specimen could not be found in Ashe’s Herbarium. According to Tracy the 
number of the second specimen mentioned is a misprint for 6471. This specimen is 
in Ashe’s herbarium. The culms are in the early branching state, slender and widely 
spreading, the branches elongated. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of the species, more ascending, not radiate-spreading; 
culms on the average taller, more slender; sheaths rather looser, more commonly and 
prominently viscid-tuberculate; ligules 0.3 to 1 mm. long; blades narrower, 5 to 10 


254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


mm. wide, the margins nearly parallel for two-thirds their length, with fewer ciliz at 
the base; panicles more loosely flowered; spikelets slightly smaller, 1.4 to 1.5 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide. 

Autumnal form decumbent, rather freely branching from the middle nodes before 
the maturity of the primary panicles, these early branches long and again branching 
more freely than in the species, the ultimate blades and panicles not greatly reduced. 

This subspecies is distinguished by the ligules, slightly smaller spikelets, and nar- 
rower, parallel-margined blades, taken in combina- 
tion, and in autumnal specimens by the more freely 
branching habit. The specimens cited below all 
show this combination of characters, but about half 
as many specimens occur which are intermediate 
between this and the species. These bear a gen- 

Fic. ae ae - Sphacrocarponinfiaium. eral resemblance to the subspecies, having spikelets 
rom type specimen. 
about 1.5 mm. long, and narrower, but not always 
parallel-margined blades, but with no ligule or the merest trace of one. Because of 
the large proportion of these intermediate specimens P. inflatum Scribn. & Smith 
is here reduced to a subspecies of P. sphaerocarpon. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy ground, Maryland to Florida, and west along the Gulf to Texas, thence 
north to Missouri. 


Missouri: Monteer, Bush 747 in part, 753. 

MARYLAND: Owings, Hitchcock 1618; Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 2412. 

NortH Caro.ina: Wilmington, 
Chase 3134, 3158. 

SouTtH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, 
Eitchcock 26. 

GeEorGtIA: Savannah, Kearney 188, 
194; Americus, Tracy 3642; 
Thomasville, Tracy 3656. 

Fioripa: Lake City, Combs 182; 
Quincy, Combs 403, 406; St. 
Vincent, Tracy 6458. 

ALABAMA: Selma, Kearney 7; Fort 
Morgan, Tracy 8400. Fie. 276.—Distribution of P. sphaerocarpon inflatum. 

MississtePi: Biloxi, Tracy 4593, 

4622; Centerville, Tracy 3619; Horn Island, Tracy 2862, 6471. 

Lovuistana: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1285; Alexandria, Ball 441, 536; Calcasieu, 
Cocks 3007; Lake Charles, Chase 4429. 

Texas: Without locality, Mealley in 1890. 

OxtaHoma: Poteau, Hitchcock in 1903 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


150. Panicum polyanthes Schult. 


Panicum multiflorum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 122. 1816, not Poir. 1816. Ejliott 
gives no exact locality, but his specimen was presumably from the vicinity of Charles- 
ton as he merely states, ‘‘Grows in shaded, dry soils.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herba- 
rium, consists of a single culm, lacking base, bearing three leaves and an immature 
panicle, slightly included at base. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum multi- 
florum mihi. Hab. in umbrosis. Flor, May-Jun.”’ 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 255 


Panicum microcarpon Muhl. Descr. Gram. 111. 1817, not Muhl.; Ell. 1816.¢ 
““Semina e Virg. et Cherokee et Delaware.’’ The type in the Muhlenberg Herbarium 
consists of the uppex portion of a culm with two leaves and a short-exserted panicle. 
The attached label reads: ‘‘40, ec Jul. 12. e Cherokee.”’ 

Panicum polyanthes Schult. Mant. 2: 257. 1824. Based on P. multiflorum Ell. 
not Poir. That Poiret’s use of the name was earlier is given on the authority of 
Sprengel. 

Panicum microcarpon isophyllum Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 7:51. f. 54. 
1894. No specimen is cited but in the Scribner Herbarium is a sheet to which is 
attached a note from Dr. Chapman suggesting the name ‘‘isophyllum” and upon 
which are four small specimens of P. polyanthes one of which is recognized as the plant 
figured with the original description. The specimens were collected by E. E. Gayle, 
Alleghany Springs, Blount Co., Tennessee, August, 1890. 


DESCRIPTION. 


x 


Vernal plants light green, in tufts of few to several culms, 30 to 90 cm. high, stout, 
erect, the nodes glabrous or nearly so; sheaths long, usually overlapping, finely ciliate 
on the margin, otherwise glabrous; ligules obsolete or wanting; blades rather thin, 
prominently nerved, ascending, 12 to 23 cm. long, 15 to 25 mm. wide, the upper seldom 
reduced, long-acuminate, scarcely narrowed toward the cordate base, rough or smooth 
on the upper surface, smooth below, the cartilaginous, scabrous margin ciliate toward 
the base; panicles exserted, 8 to 25 cm. long, one-fourth to half as wide, densely 
flowered, the lower branches narrowly ascending, often distant, the upper fascicled, 
spikelet-bearing to the base; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long, 1 to 1.1 mm. wide, obovoid-spherical at ma- 
turity, minutely puberulent; first glume one-third 
to two-fifths the length of the spikelet, obtuse or 
obscurely pointed; second glume and sterile lemma 
equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit obovoid- 
spherical. 

Autumnal form remaining erect and simple or 
producing from the lower or middle nodes simple 
branches with smaller blades and panicles; winter rosettes like those of P. sphaero- 
carpon, but the leaves larger. 

This species is distinguished from P. sphaerocarpon by its erect habit, taller, more 
leafy culms, wider blades and narrow panicles. Specimens not infrequently occur in 
which, from a twisting of the internodes, the blades are all or mostly ononeside. This 
is especially true of small, late culms. It was tosuch aspecimen the name P. micro- 
carpon isophyllum was given. 


Fic. 277.—P. polyanthes. From type 
specimen of P. multifiorum Ell. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Damp ground, woods and apenings, New Jersey to Oklahoma, south to Georgia and 
Texas. 
- New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 1380. 
PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller 4772, Porter in 1898. 
Oxnto: Lancaster, Kellerman 6767. 
InprIANA: Clarke County, Deam 5392; Batesville, Deam 6815. 
Inuinois: Cobden, Earle in 1886; Jackson County, French in 1905. 
Missouri: St. Louis, Eggert 250; Pleasant Grove, Bush 232. 


@ See discussion under P. microcarpon Muhl.; Ell., page 181. 
6 Neu. Entd. 2: 190. 1821. 


256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons 307; Townsend, Canby in 1896; Ogletown, 
Commons 47; Stanton, Commons 306. 

MARYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, Hitchcock 1609; Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 
2399; Riverdale, Chase 2368; Hyattsville, Chase 3803, House 450; West Chevy 
Chase, Chase 3273. 

District oF CotumBIA: Ball 21, 705, Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 554, Hitch- 
cock 2404, Kearney 13, 20, Merrill 199, Pollard 401, Vasey 110, Ward in 1880. 

Vireinia: Four-Mile Run, Steele in 1897; Munden, Mackenzie 1745; Ocean View, 
Kearney 1476; Suffolk, Heller 968; Norfolk, Hitchcock 410. 

West VirainiA: Baileysville, Morris 1186. 

NortH Carona: West Raleigh, Coit 1300; Chapel Hill, Ashe; Caldwell County, 
Small & Heller 463; Hickory, 
Small & Heller in 1891. 

SoutH Carouina: Abbeville, Mater 
264 (Gray Herb.). 

GeoreciaA: Lookout Mountain, Ruth 
5, 7, 15, 69; Stone Mountain, 
Small in 1893; Clarke County, 
Harper 104; Cobb County, Wil- 
son 8; Thomson, Bartlett 1071, 
1498, 1500. 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kear- 
ney 52. 

TENNESSEE: Robertson County, 
Eggert 95; Cocke County, Kearney 974; Chester County, Bain 191; White 
Cliff Springs, Scribner in 1890. 

ALABAMA: Cullman County, Eggert 14; Pisgah, Chase 4485; Nesheka, Carver 18. 

Mississippi: Taylorville, Tracy 8418; Heidelberg, Tracy 3316; Centerville, Tracy 
3631; Macon, Tracy 3238; Starkville, Kearney 57 in part; without locality, 
Tracy 3760. 

ARKANSAS: Greene County, Eggert 240; Prescott, Bush 255. 

Louisiana: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1270. 

Texas: Palestine, Plank 89; Burnet, Plank 9; without locality, Nealley in 1884 
and 1886. 

OxtAHomA: Poteau, Hitchcock in 1903 (Hitchcock Herb.). 


Fic. 278.—Distribution of P. polyanthes. 


151. Panicum erectifolium Nash. 


Panicum sphaerocarpon fioridanum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 33. 
1889, not P. floridanum Trin. 1835. ‘‘Florida.’’ Inthe National Herbarium are three 
specimens from Florida marked in Dr. Vasey’s writing ‘‘Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. 
var. Floridanum.’’ Of these Curtiss 3599, from ‘‘ Moist pine barrens, Mosquito Inlet, 
Florida, May, 1879,’’ has been chosen as the type, since with the other two no locality 
within the State is given. This specimen consists of two plants 45 and 50 cm. high, 
with mature panicles of densely puberulent spikelets. 

Panicum erectifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 148.1896. Based on P. 
sphaerocarpon floridanum Vasey, not P. floridanum Trin. 

Panicum floridanum Chapm. Fl. South. U. 8. ed. 3. 585. 1897, not Trin. 1835. 
‘‘In and around shallow ponds, near the coast of West Florida.’’ The type, in the 
Chapman Herbarium at Biltmore, is from Apalachicola. Chapman presumably 
intended to base his name upon P. sphaerocarpon floridanum Vasey, but cites ‘‘(P. 
microcarpon, var., Vasey. P. sphaerocarpum, Flora.)” 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. raw 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants dulkgreen, sometimes bluish, in tufts of few to several culms, 30 to 70 
em. high, erect or ascending, usually stout, glabrous, including the nodes; sheaths, 
except the uppermost, short, rather loose, usually crowded and overlapping at base, 
ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous; ligules about 0.3 mm. long; blades thick 
and firm with inconspicuous veins, ascending or erect, 7 to 13 cm. long, 6 to 12 
mm. wide, the crowded lower ones usually much larger than the others, these suc- 
cessively smaller upward, tapering from the cordate base to the acuminate apex, 
smooth on both surfaces, margins scabrous, stiffly ciliate toward the base; panicles 
exserted, 6 to 12 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, 
densely flowered, the lower branches usually narrowly 
ascending; spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long, 0.8 to 1 mm. wide, 
broadly ovate or subspherical, densely puberulent; first 
glume one-fifth to one-fourth the length: of the spikelet; 
obtuse, second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit 
at maturity; fruit oval, very obscurely umbonate. 

Autumnal form remaining erect and simple or late in the season producing branches 
from the third or fourth node, the branches nearly as long as the primary culm, rarely 
again branching; winter rosettes appearing late, the blades 3 to 10 cm. long. 

This species shows an unusual variation in the size of the blades and also the num- 
ber of leaves to the culm. There are usually 5 to 7, but sometimes as many as 10 
leaves, and in a few specimens no blades are over 5 cm. long. The specimens of 
Combs 553 are small autumnal plants more freely branching than usual. 


Fig. 279.—P. erectifolium. 
From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist pine barrens, swamps, and borders of ponds, North Carolina to Florida and 
Louisiana; also in Cuba. 


Norta Carona: Wilmington, Chase 3137, Hitchcock 411; without locality, 
McCarthy in 1885. 

GeorGiIA: Allapaha, Curtiss 6817 
in part; Huntington, Harper 

- 1394; Charlton County, Har- 
per 1485. 

Fuioripa: - Jacksonville, Curtiss 
4812 (Hitchcock Herb.); Bald- 
win, Combs 58; Lake City, 
Combs 114; De Funiak 
Springs, Combs 467; Washing- 
ton County, Combs 553, 662; 
Elizey, Combs 814; Mosquito Fia. 280.—Distribution of P. erectifolium. 
Inlet, Curtiss 3599; Grasmere, 

Combs 1117; Eustis, Nash 1012; Manatee River, Rugel 229; Orange Glade, 
Eaton 578; Myers, Chase 4154, Hitchcock 874, Lee Co. Pl. 469. 

Mississippi: Beauvois, Tracy 4596. 

LourstaANa: St. Tammany Parish, Cocks 292 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Cusa: Vuelta Abajo, Wright 3462. 


41616°—voL 15—10——17 


258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Ensifolia.—Plants low and slender, usually glabrous and less than 50 cm. high; 
sheaths glabrous or puberulent (sparsely pilose in P. curtifoliwm); ligules 
nearly obsolete (about 1 mm. long in P. curtifolium); panicles small, rarely 
more than 5 cm. long; spikelets glabrous or pubescent, 1 to 1.7 mm. long, 
5 to 7-nerved. Autumnal form sparingly to freely branching, or in P. vernale 
a distinct autumnal form wanting. 


Ligules about 1 mm. long; sheaths or some of them sparsely 
spreadime=prlose 0232). So a28 2 eo ee a ee 159. P. curtifolium. 
Ligules obsolete or nearly so; pubescence if present not 
spreading. 
Blades prominently white-margined, firm; spikelets 
densely puberulent. 
Blades puberulent beneath, often above; sheaths 
and sometimes lower internodes ascending 
puibbescentvin. he lRer Cars eevee cose ee ee 152. P. tenue. 
Blades glabrous; sheaths glabrous or minutely ciliate 
only. 
Uppermost culm blades much reduced; culms 
branching from lower nodes only, the 
branches repeatedly branching......-.... 153. P. albomarginatum. 
Uppermost culm blades about as long as the 
others; culms bearing short branches from 
the upper and middle nodes........--.-- 154. P. trifolium. 
Blades not white-margined or very obscurely so (or if white 
margin is evident spikelets only 1.1 mm. long); 
spikelets glabrous or puberulent. 
Culms branching only at base; plants soft, light green.158. P. vernale. 
Culms branching at the nodes; plants firm or at least 


not soft. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades rarely 
as mchvas\io;eMs lOnGL eae. joe ee eee 160. P. chamaelonche. 


Spikelets 1.2 to 1.5 mm. long. 
Blades elongated, at least some of them 


8 tomlOkem lone. 5526 senna eee 161. P. glabrifolium. 
Blades not over 3 cm. long........-..-- 157. P. ensifolium. 
Spikelets puberulent. 
Spikelets 1.1 mm. long; winter blades bluish 
green, not vlossy=-s4-62. oes eee 156. P. concinnius. — 


Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long. 
Blades involute, falcate, with long stiff 
hairs on margin near base; plants 
Btlhalnd wii. cts ae 162. P. breve. 
Blades not involute, or at tip only, not 
falcate. 
Plants bright green; winter blades 
conspicuous, glossy green...-. 155. P. flavovirens. 
Plants olive; winter blades not con- 
spicuous nor glossy........-.. 157. P. ensifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 259 


152. Panicum tenue Muhl. 


Panicum tenue Muhl. Descr. Gram. 118. 1817. No locality isgiven. ‘P. deustum 
Brickell et Enslin,’’ an unpublished name, is cited as synonym. The type, in the 
Muhlenberg Herbarium, consists of three plants with attached label bearing the name 
“Panicum deustum;”’ these are from 10 to 30 cm. high, the panicles immature, the 
sheaths sparsely appressed-pilose, the blades puberulent on the lower surface and 
with conspicuous white margins. 

Panicum deustum Brickell & Enslin; Muhl. Descr. Gram. 119. 1817, not Thunb. 
1794. Thisherbarium name is given asasynonym of P. tenue, of which it isatyponym. 

Panicum liton Schult. Mant. 2: 250.1824. Based on P. tenue Muhl., Muhlenberg’s 
description, slightly rearranged, being copied, “‘ Nomina mutanda, ob tenue Roxb. et 
deustum Thunb. antiquiora.’”’ Panicum tenue Roxb. 1813,¢is a nomen nudum, the 
description not being published until 1820.6 

Panicum unciphyllum Trin. Gram. Pan. 242. 1826. Trinius states in regard to his 
specimen, ‘‘V.spp. Am. Bor. (Trarrinick).’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, 
is the vernal form, with sparsely appressed-villous culms and sheaths and puberulent 
blades. Asstated under P. columbianum, Trinius’s species was misunderstood because 
the specimen sent from St. Petersburg as a part of the type proved on a subsequent 
examination of Trinius’s herbarium to be not the type but a specimen of P. colum- 
bianum which was on the same sheet with the type specimen. The label accompany- 
ing the latter reads, ‘‘Panicum unciphyllum m. Pan. heterophyllum Muhl. (teste 
Nees) an Pluckn. Tav. 92 f. 8, ex herb. Enslini, spmna Am. bor. Trattinick.”’ 

Panicum macrum Kunth, Réy. Gram. 1:40. 1829. Based on P. tenue Muhl., 
the name presumably changed because of P. tenuwe Roxb. 

Panicum parvulum Muhl.; Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 
27: 4. 1900, not Trin. 1834. This name, found in Muhlenberg’s herbarium, is given 


as a synonym of P. tenue. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form olive green; culms in rather small tufts, 20 to 55 cm. high, slender, 
erect from a more or less geniculate base, glabrous, or the lower internodes sparsely 
appressed-pubescent, the nodes glabrous, appressed-pubescent, or appressed-pilose; 
sheaths usually much shorter than the internodes, puberulent between the nerves 
to sparsely appressed-pilose, or the upper glabrous; ligules 0.3 to 0.5 mm. long, dense; 
blades distant, ascending or speading, 2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, rather thick 
and with a cartilaginous, often white, margin, involute-pointed, usually densely 
puberulent beneath, glabrous on the upper surface or puberulent toward the base; 
panicles long-exserted, 3 to 5 cm. long, about as wide, pyramidal, open, rather few- 
flowered, the flexuous branches spreading; spikelets 1.6 to 1.7 mm. long, elliptic, 
subobtuse, densely puberulent; first glume one-fifth as long as the spikelet or less, 
obtuse; second glume shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 1.4 to 1.5 mm. 
long, elliptic, subobtuse. 

Autumnal culms erect or leaning, sparingly branching from the middle nodes, the 
branches in small fascicles, shorter than the primary inter- 
nodes, the blades not much reduced; winter rosette con- 
spicuous, the thick, cartilaginous-margined, involute-pointed 
blades 3 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, persistent (but usu- 
ally dead) during the succeeding year. 

This species seems to be intermediate between P. albo- 
marginatum and P. ensifolium, differing from the first in 
being pubescent and in having taller, more slender 
culms, sparingly branched. From P. ensifoliwm it may be distinguished by the larger, 


Fig. 281.—P. tenue. From 
type specimen. 


@Cat. Fl. Ind. 1813. 6 Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 313. 1820. 


260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


more pubescent spikelets, the thicker, involute-pointed blades and the large basal 
rosette of firm leaves. In Hitchcock 1438, from Wilmington, N. C., referred here, 
the pubescence is so copious as to sug- 
gest P. leucothriz, but the nearly obso- 
lete ligule and the size of the spikelets 
place it, though somewhat doubtfully, 
in P.tenue. Hitchcock’sno. 1467 is an 
unusually robust specimen with pani- 
cles as much as 9 cm. long. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy woods, eastern North 
Carolina and northern Florida. 


NortH Carouina: Parmele, Ashe Fig. 282.—Distribution of P. tenue. 
in 1899; Manteo, Ashe in 1898; 
Wards Mill, Chase 3170, 3172, 3183; Wilmington, Ashe in 1899, Hitchcock 332, 
1467. 

Fioripa: Lake City, Bitting 20. 


153. Panicum albomarginatum Nash. 


Panicum albomarginatum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 40. 1897. ‘‘Collected by 
the writer in low pine land at Eustis, Lake County, Florida, early in June, 1894, 
no. 925.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of two large tufts in the early 
branching state, the culms 15 to 28 cm. high, the primary panicles devoid of spikelets. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants usually grayish green, often purplish; culms densely tufted, 15 to 
40 cm. high (rarely taller), slender but firm, ascending or spreading, glabrous includ- 
ing the nodes; leaves crowded at the base, distant above, sheaths sometimes pubescent 
on the margin and at the summit, otherwise glabrous, or the lowermost sometimes 
obscurely pubescent; ligules 0.3 mm. long, dense; blades firm, those of the midculm 
4 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, rounded at the base, thick and firm, with a prominent 
white, finely serrulate, cartilaginous margin, ascending or spreading, glabrous, the 
crowded basal blades as much as 11 cm. long, and the uppermost blade usually much 
reduced; panicles finally long-exserted, 3 to 6 cm. long, nearly 
as wide, rather densely flowered, the flexuous branches 
ascending or spreading; spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, 0.7 
mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, subobtuse, turgid at maturity, 
densely puberulent; first glume one-fifth to one-fourth as 
long as the spikelet, obtuse or subacute; second glume and 
ae, OS tee. sterile lemma scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 

ium. From type speci- 1-25 mm. long, 0.65 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

men. Autumnal form spreading, the primary culms branching 

from the base and lower nodes, these early branches much 
longer than the primary internodes and repeatedly branching, forming bushy tufts, the 
ultimate branchlets and reduced blades appressed; winter blades stiffly erect or spread- 
ing, very smooth and firm. 

This species is distinguished by the long crowded basal and distant upper blades, 
the uppermost usually less than half as long as those of the midculm; and by the 
autumnal form in which the primary culms branch from the basal and lower, never 
from the upper, nodes. 

The specimens collected by Hitchcock in Cuba (no. 555) are robust plants and 
differ from typical P. albomarginatum in having a ligule 1 mm. long. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 261 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low sandy soil of the Coastal Plain, irom-southeastern Virginia to Florida and west 
to Louisiana; also in Guatemala and Cuba. 


VirciniA: Dismal Swamp, Chase 3658. 

Nortu Carona: Parmele, Ashe in 1899; Wilmington, Hitchcock 1428, 1429, 
1434, 1440, Kearney 268. 

Sour Carona: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1369, Aiken, Ravenel. 

Fioripa: Baldwin, Hitchcock 990; Lake City, Combs 112, Hitchcock 1021, 1022; 
Bay Head, Combs 650; Old 
Town, Combs 854; Perdido 
Bay, Tracy 8409; Titusville, 
Chase 3966, Hitchcock 761; San- 
ford, Hitchcock 768, 823, 826; 
Eustis, Chase 4043, Hitchcock 
817, Nash 925; Orange County, 
Baker 119; Lemon Bay, Tracy 
7189; Miami, Hitchcock 639, 
666, 667, 670, 679, 714, 720; 
Homestead, Hitchcock 692; 
Tampa, Hitchcock 945; Lake- 
land, Hitchcock 838, 839, 848; 
Braidentown, Hitchcock 949, 963, Tracy 6733; Manatee, Rugel 184; Myers, 
Chase 4151, Hitchcock 870, 876, 880, 882, 834, 886. 

ALABAMA: Tuskegee, Carver 97. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Tracy 4605 in part (Gray Herb.). 

LovursiaANna: Calcasieu River, Langlois 42 .in 1884. 

GUATEMALA: Between Guald4n and Copan, Pittier 1805a. 

Cusa: Herradura, Hitchcock 555; Pinar del Rio,. Wright 3463 in part (Sauvalle 
Herb.); Isle of Pines, Taylor 32. 


154. Panicum trifolium Nash. 


Fig. 284.—Distribution of P. albomarginatum. 


Panicum trifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 580. 1899. ‘‘Type collected by 
Dr. John K. Small, in the Ocmulgee River Swamp, below Macon, Georgia, May 18-24, 
1895.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of two tufts of slender vernal culms, 
25 to 40 cm. high, with leafy bases and elongated internodes, the rather short-exserted 


panicles immature. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. albomarginatum, but the culms in smaller tufts, 
taller, 20 to 50 cm. high, more slender, erect; leaves less conspicuously crowded at 
the base, not so stiff, and proportionately not so much longer than those of the mid- 
culm; sheaths much shorter than the elongated internodes; 
blades 3 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, rather less thick 
and firm than those of P. albomarginatum, the uppermost 
blade not reduced; panicles usually short-exserted, 3 to 5 cm. 
long, about as wide, loosely flowered; spikelets as in P. 
albomarginatum but hardly as wide or as turgid, and the 
fruit rather less exposed at maturity. 

Autumnal form erect or leaning, sparingly branching 
from the middle and upper nodes, the branches usually 
shorter than the primary internodes. 

This species is very closely allied to the preceding and some vernal specimens are 
but doubtfully separated from it. Autumnal specimens may be distinguished by the 
small fascicles of short branches scattered along the slender primary culm. 


Fiq.285.—P. trifolium. From 
type specimen. 


262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Occasional specimens, such as Chase 4112, 4166, and 4304, are brighter green than 
usual, with less pronounced white margins to the blades and resemble P. flavovirens, 
but in these the primary culms bear short branches from the middle and upper nodes. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low, mostly moist sandy woods, North Carolina and Tennessee to Florida and 
Louisiana. 


NortH Carona: Scranton, Chase 3199; Roanoke Island, Chase 3225, 3238, 3239, 
3248; Chapel Hill, Ashe, Chase 3060; east of Wilmington, Chase 3133, 4576. 

SoutH OAROLINA: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 1387; without local- 
ity, Ravenel. 

GeoreiA: Below Macon, Small in 
1895; Warm Springs, Tracy 
8864; Augusta, Cuthbert 382, 
1159. 

Fioripa: Baldwin, Mitchcock 997; 
Milton, Chase 4304; Apalachi- 
cola, Biltmore Herb. 697a; Lake 
City, Mitchcock 1023, 1038; 
Madison, Combs 263; Sanford, 
Hitchcock 779; Grasmere, 
Combs 1063; Orange Bend, Chase 4112; Tampa, Hitchcock 938, 940; Braiden- 
town, Hitchcock 953, 962; Dunedin, Tracy 7029; Myers, Chase 4166, Hitchcock 
890, 920, 921; Miami, Chase 3946, Hitchcock 712. 

TENNESSEE: White Cliff Springs, Scribner in 1890 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

AutaBAMA: Auburn, Earle & Baker 1535 in part; Cullman, Eggert 24; Flomaton, 
Hitchcock 1042, 1050, 1053. 

Mississipi: Jackson, Hitchcock 1305; Biloxi, Chase 4358, Hitchcock 1063, 1072, 
1088, Tracy 2865, 4612; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1089, 1100, 1111, Avondale, 
Tracy 4583, 4603; Saundersville, Tracy 3334; Horn Island, Tracy 4601. — 

LourstaNna: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1267, 1277; Lake Charles, Hitchcock 1130, 1146. 


Fig. 286.—Distribution of P. trifolium. | 


155. Panicum flavovirens Nash. 


Panicum flavovirens Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 572. 1899. ‘‘Type collected 
by the writer in Lake Co., Florida, June 16-30, 1895, no. 2061; growing in swampy 
woods along the edge of road leading to the ford near the J. T. & K. W. R. R. bridge 
across the Wekiva river.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is a late vernal form, 
the primary panicles mostly destitute of spikelets. One of the specimens has a tuft 
of the long, rather thin, bright green, glossy basal leaves that distinguish this species. 
The other specimen lacks this prominent tuft of basal leaves and in habit resembles 
the type of P. albomarginatum Nash, but the blades are not 
firm and leathery nor white-margined, and the panicles are 
few-flowered, with flexuous branches. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form bright glossy green; culms densely tufted, 
very slender, ascending or spreading, 15 to 30 cm. high, 
elabrous, more or less striate-angled, the lower leaves 
somewhat crowded with overlapping sheaths, the upper distant; sheaths often mi- 
nutely ciliate on the margin, especially at the summit, otherwise glabrous or the 
lowermost obscurely pubescent; blades ascending or spreading, 2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 


Fig. 287.—P. flavovirens. 
From type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 263 


4 mm. wide, narrowed toward the rounded base, glabrous, or minutely puberulent 
beneath, thin, the cartilaginous margin inconspicuous or wanting; panicles open, 
loosely few-flowered; the flexuous branches spreading or the lower somewhat reflexed; 
spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute, pubescent; first glume 
one-fourth to one-third as long as the spikelet, subacute; second glume hardly equal- , 
ing the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 1.25 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form spreading, the slender culms mostly decumbent or prostrate, 
branching from the lower and middle nodes, these early branches usually as long as 
the primary culms and loosely branching toward the summit, the short branchlets 
somewhat fascicled, the flat, reduced blades spreading, the ultimate panicles reduced 
but exserted; winter rosettes appearing early, usually conspicuous and persisting green 
during the following season as a dense tuft of sterile shoots with somewhat developed 
internodes, the blades thin, bright glossy green, as much as 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide. 

This species is allied to P. albomarginatum and P. trifolium, from both of which it is 
distinguished by the thin bright-green glossy blades, which are scarcely or not at all 
white-margined. The mode of branch- 
ing is like that of P. albomarginatum, 
but looser, the thin blades spreading, 
the small panicles exserted. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist shady or mucky soil, North 
Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. 

NortH Carouina: Wilmington, 
Hitchcock 337. 

South CAROLINA: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 25. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Combs 34; Lake City, Combs 98 in part; Pensacola, Combs 
539; Milton, Chase 4310, 4322; Chipley, Combs 585; Sanford, Hitchcock 7674; 
Eustis, Chase 4059, Nash 2061; Grasmere, Combs 1088; Tampa, Combs 1394; 
Lemon Bay, Tracy 7188 in part; Myers, Hitchcock 9014, 905. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Tracy 2027. 


Fic. 288.—Distribution of P. flavovirens. 


156. Panicum concinnius nom. nov. 


Panicum gracilicaule Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 98. 1903, not Rendle, 
1899. On page 1327 in the list of new genera and species, the following citation is 
given: ‘‘Type, Sand Mt., Jackson Co., Ala., Harbison, no. 2415, 1900, in Herb. N. 
Y. B. G.’’ This specimen, in the herbarium of the New York 
Botanical Garden, from the Biltmore Herbarium, is the vernal form, 
the panicles immature. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form bright green; culms tufted, very slender, erect, gla- 

Fig.289.—P.concin-  hrous, 12 to 50 cm. high, nodes minutely puberulent; sheaths, ex- 
algae ah cept the lower, much shorter than the internodes and less than half 
pracilicaule Nash, 28 long as the blades, puberulent on the margin, otherwise glabrous; 
ligules about 0.5mm. long; blades 5 to 7 cm. long, 5 to6 mm. wide, 

erect or spreading, the margins nearly parallel for most of their length, rounded at 
base, glabrous or obscurely puberulent beneath, rather strongly nerved, faintly white- 
margined; panicles finally long-exserted, rather few-flowered, 3 to 6 cm. long, about 
two-thirds as wide, the branches ascending; spikelets 1.1 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, 
obovate, obtuse, pubescent; first glume about one-fifth the length of the spikelet; sec- 


264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


ond glume and sterile lemma slightly shorter than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1 mm. 
long, elliptic, acute. 

Autumnal form radiate-spreading, late in the season bearing a few branches with 
somewhat reduced blades and small exserted panicles; winter rosette appearing early, 
the numerous, rather firm blades bluish 
green, about the size of those of the ° 
vernal culms. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist sandy ground, northern Georgia 
and Alabama; apparently rare. 
GrorGIA: Thomson, Bartlett 1461. 
ALABAMA: ‘‘Sandy soil along a 
creek, Sand Mt., June 5, 1900,”’ 
Harbison 2415; “‘Bank along 
roadside above Bryants Creek, 
south of Pisgah, Oct. 14, 1907,”’ 
Chase 4475; ‘‘In moist spot in woods, south of Pisgah, Oct. 14, 1907,’’ Chase 
4476; ‘‘Culms widely spreading, crevices of mossy rocks, north bank of Bryants 
Creek, south of Pisgah, Oct. 14, 1907,’’ Chase 4483. 
The last-mentioned specimen, Chase 4483, was collected at the type locality of the 
species, as indicated by Mr. Harbison in a letter. 


Fig. 290.—Distribution of P. concinnius. 


157. Panicum ensifolium Baldw. 


Panicum ensifolium Baldw.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 126. 1816. ‘‘Grows in 
-damp soils, * * * Georgia. Dr. Baldwin.’’ The type, in the Elliott Her- 
barium, isa slender plant 33 cm. high, with a tuft of four acuminate basal leaves, the 
blades 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, four culm leaves, the upper minutely puberulent through- 
out on the under surface, the lower toward the tip only, and a long-exserted panicle, 
with puberulent spikelets 1.5 mm. long. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum 
ensifolium Bald. Hab: in humidis Georg: Dr. Baldwin.’’ The basal blades of the 
type specimen and of a second specimen from ‘‘Baldw. Georg.’’ in the herbarium of 
the Philadelphia Academy are firm and sharp-pointed, though to a much less degree 
than in P. tenue and P. albomarginatum. 

Panicum nitidum ensifolium Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 29. 1889. 
Based on Panicum ensifolium Baldw., though the description applies to P. vernale. 

Panicum brittoni[i] Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 194. 1897. ‘‘In moist sand in 
the ‘pine barrens’ at Forked River, N. J. Collected by Dr. Britton during an excur- 
sion of the Torrey Botanical Club to the region May 29-June 2, 1896.’ The type, in 
Nash’s herbarium, consists of a tuft of slender, simple, vernal culms 10 to 19 em. 
high, the blades glabrous or minutely puberulent on the under surface, the minutely 
pubescent spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long. 

Panicum cuthbertit Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:48. 1898. ‘‘South Caro- 
lina: Cuthbert; St. Helena Island.’’ This specimen could not be found in Ashe’s her- 
barium, but a piece of the type bearing the above data, sent by Mr. Ashe, is in the 
National Herbarium. It consists of a single vernal culm lacking the base, with two 
nodes, the blades broken off, but the sheaths present, the panicle short-exserted, the 
immature, pubescent spikelets 1.4 mm. long. Ashe states that ‘‘it is separated from 
P. ensifolium by the strict habit and large basal leaves of the latter,’’ but P. ensifolium 
as understood by Ashe is P. albomarginatum, as shown by his description ¢ and by hia 
giving P. albomarginatum Nash as a synonym of P. ensifolium. 


a Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 46. 1898. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 265 


Panicum glabrissimum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 62. 1898. ‘‘The type 
material was collected by me June, 1898, at Manteo, Dare Co., N. C.’’ The type 
could not be found~in Ashe’s herbarium. In the Mohr Herbarium is a specimen 
labeled in Ashe’s writing ‘‘ Panicum glabrissimum Ashe” and bearing the cited data. 
This is a tuft of three vernal culms and agrees with the description, except that the 
spikelets are said to be glabrous, while these are pubescent. The specimen in the - 
National Herbarium from the same station and sent by Ashe as part of the type 
collection is P. tenue, and fails in several particulars to agree with the description. 
While neither of these specimens is the type itself, the one which most nearly agrees 
with the description is taken to represent the type. 

Panicum shallotte Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 84. 1900. Based on ‘“‘P. 
glabrissimum Ashe, not P. glaberrimum Steud.” 

Panicum parvipaniculatum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 87. 1900. ‘‘Col- 
lected May 20, in Onslow county, N. C. Type material is preserved in my herba- 
rium.’’ No specimen so labeled could be found in Ashe’s herbarium, but a cover 
marked in Ashe’s hand ‘“‘P. parvipaniculatum” was found which contained eight 
sheets of unmounted material, of which two sheets (one within the fold of the other) 
were accompanied by a label with the following data in Ashe’s writing: ‘‘Panicum 
gray spikelets? Peaty-soiled thickets sandy flatwoods and ditch banks, 10-18 miles 
east of Jacksonville, Onslow county, N. C. May 20, 1899.’’ Since these were the only 
specimens with locality and date according with those published, the specimens on 
the sheet with the label were chosen as the type, one tuft being deposited in the 
National Herbarium. These specimens agree with the description except that the 
species is said to be ‘‘perfectly glabrous except the ligule” while the blades are 
puberulent beneath and some of them on the upper surface also; that the ligule is 
given as ‘‘about 2 mm. long,’’ while it is almost obsolete (0.1 to 0.2 mm. long); and 
that the spikelets are given as ‘‘barely 1 mm. long,’’ while they measure 1.3 to 1.4 
mm.long. This type differs from those of P. ensifolium and P. brittoni in having 


glabrous spikelets. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants grayish olive green; culms cespitose, slender, erect or reclining, 
glabrous, 20 to 40 cm. high; sheaths glabrous, usually much shorter than ‘the inter- 
nodes; blades distant, often reflexed, 1 to 3 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, glabrous 
on the upper surface or puberulent toward the base, puberulent beneath, at least 
toward the tip; panicles finally long-exserted, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, nearly as wide, the 
flexuous branches spreading or the lower reflexed; spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long, 
elliptic, subacute, glabrous or puberulent; first glume one- 
fourth as long as the spikelet or less, acute or obtuse; second 
glume slightly shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 
1.2 mm. long, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal culms spreading or reclining, sparingly branch- 
ing from the middle nodes, the branches mostly remaining 
simple; winter blades glabrous, usually short, 1.5 to 3 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 cm. wide. 

In this species the pubescence of the spikelets seems to 
be very inconstant. The type of P. brittonii and Chase 3557 have pubescent spike- 
lets, while Chase 3535 and specimens collected by Clute in 1899 and by Bicknell in 
1900, also in New Jersey, have glabrous spikelets; of the North Carolina specimens 
Hitchcock 1425, Chase 30964, 3176, 3177, 3227, and 3234 have pubescent spikelets. 

. Combs’s no. 74, Lake City, Florida, and Tracy 44, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, two 
very slender autumnal specimens, the first with puberulent, the latter with glabrous, 
spikelets, are doubtfully referred here. 


Fig. 291.—P. ensifolium. 
From type specimen. 


266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Wet places, mostly sphagnum bogs or swamps, New Jersey to Georgia; also in 
Mississippi. 

New Jersty: Forked River, Britton in 1896; Penn Place, Clute in 1899; Toms 
River, Bicknell in 1900; At- 
sion, Chase 3535, 3557. 

MaRYLAND: Beltsville, Chase 
afoo: 

NortH Carouina: Roanoke Is- 
land, Chase 3227, 3234; West 
Raleigh, Stanton, 1272; Wil- 
sons Mills, Chase 30964, 3097; 
Onslow County, Ashe in 1899, 
Chase 3176, 3177, 3196; Wil- 
mington, Hitchcock 1425, 
14364, 1439. FIG. 292.—Distribution of P. ensifolium. 

SoutH CarRoLina: St. Helena Is- 
land, Cuthbert in 1887; Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1370, 1379, 1405. 

GeoraiA: Bulloch County, Harper 829; Augusta, Cuthbert 1160; without locality, 
Baldwin. 

Mississipri: Biloxi, Hitchcock 1067. 


158. Panicum vernale sp. nov. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants light green, soft in texture; culms densely cespitose, 15 to 30 cm., rarely 
to 40 cm. high, very slender, ascending or spreading, glabrous, the nodes glabrous; 
leaves clustered at the base, the thin, rather soft blades 2 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide, those of the culm remote, the glabrous sheaths one-fourth to one-third as long 
as the elongated internodes; ligules almost obsolete; blades 0.7 to 2.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, glabrous or puberulent on the lower surface, occasionally also on the upper 
surface, at first erect, becoming spreading or reflexed; panicles finally long-exserted, 
1.5 to 3 cm. long, nearly as wide, rather few-flowered, the flexuous 
branches spreading; spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, 
obovate-elliptic, subacute, pubescent; first glume about one- 
fourth as long as the spikelet, subacute; second glume and 
sterile lemma scarcely as long as the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.2 
mm. long, 0.7 to 0.8 mm. wide. 

Ton GE STeCe Autumnal form like the vernal form in appearance, branching 

men. from the base, these culms simple and soon dying to the ground, 

rarely late in the season producing a few short fascicled branchlets 
at the nodes, the scarcely reduced flat blades spreading; winter leaves numerous, soit, 
persistent during the vernal stage, linear, rather abruptly narrowed at the apex, not 
long-acuminate. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 558416, collected in a ‘‘sphagnum bog, Lake 
City, Florida, April 16, 1906,’’ by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 1020). 

This species has been confused with P. ensifolium Baldw.,¢ from which it is dis- 
tinguished by the more densely cespitose habit and light green, soft foliage, the very 
numerous basal blades as much as 7 cm. long, flat, linear, not long-acuminate. 


Fig. 293.—P. vernale. 


a Panicum nitidum ensifolium as described in Chapman’s Flora (Fl. South. uu. 8. 
ed. 3. 586. 1897) is P. vernale. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 267 


All the specimens cited below were collected in the spring. Since localities, like 
Lake City, Eustis, and Miami, Florida, where this species was found in March and 
April, were visited in September without its being found, it would seem that the 
plants usually die to the ground in early summer and that the secondary branches 
appear only rarely. In Hitchcock 931 and 9584 a few sparingly branched dead culms 
are attached, being the only branching culms seen. 

Two collections, Hitchcock 809 and Nash 424, have blades pubescent on the upper 
surface, while Hitchcock 941 and 1092 
have some blades that are pubescent 
and some that are glabrous on the up- 
persurface. Hitchcock’s nos. 1066 and 
1092 have glabrous spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist places, especially sphagnum 
bogs, Florida to Mississippi. 

Froripa: Baldwin, Hitchcock 1004; 

Lake City, Bitting 19, Hitch- 
cock 1020; Apalachicola, Chap- Fig. 294.—Distribution of P. vernale. 
man; Eustis, Nash 273 in part, 
424, Hitchcock 795, 798, 809; Dunedin, Tracy 6699; Braidentown, Hitchcock 
9584, 959, 960; Johns Pass Tracy 7180; Tampa, Hitchcock 936, 941; Miami, 
Hitchcock 931, 942. 

AtaBAMA: Flomaton, Hitchcock 1041. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Hitchcock 1066; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1092. 


159. Panicum curtifolium Nash. 


Panicum curtifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 569. 1899. ‘‘Collected by S. M. 
Tracy at Ocean Springs, Mississippi, May 2, 1898, no. 4598.’’ The type, in Nash’s 
herbarium, consists of a tuft with two slender vernal culms about 30 cm. long, begin- 
ning to branch at the middle nodes. The blades are glabrous above except at the 
base and glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath. Ina duplicate type in the National 
Herbarium several blades have a few scattered hairs on the upper surface. 

Panicum earlet Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 571.1899. ‘‘Type collected at Auburn, 
Lee Co., Alabama, on May 7, 1898, by Messrs. F.S. Earle and C. F. Baker, no. 1532.”’ 
The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of a tuft of early vernal culms 8 to 15 cm. 
high, with immature panicles. The blades are sparsely pilose on the upper surface. 

Panicum austro-montanum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 85.1900. ‘‘Along 
mountain streams of Northern Alabama and the adjacent parts of Tennessee. Type 
material is preserved in my herbarium.’’ The type specimen could not be found 
in Ashe’s herbarium. In the National Herbarium is a specimen from Sand Moun- 
tain, Alabama, June, 1899, sent by the Biltmore Herbarium, which was compared 
by E. D. Merrill in 1900 and said by him to be identical with the type of P. austro- 
montanum. It is also the same as a specimen from western North Carolina sent by 
Ashe as representing P. austro-montanum, and furthermore agrees with the original 
description except that the spikelets are 1 mm. long, instead of 0.7 mm. long. The 
Biltmore specimen agrees with the types of P. curtifolium and P. earlei. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in dense colonies, the culms not crowded in the clump; culms 10 to 
30 cm. high, slender, weak, angled, erect or spreading, glabrous or sometimes with a 
few scattered hairs, the nodes sparsely bearded; sheaths much shorter than the 
elongated internodes, striate-angled, sparsely spreading-pilose, ciliate, especially at 


268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the summit; ligules about 1 mm. long, the hairs soft, rather sparse; blades spread- 
ing or reflexed, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, thin and soft, sparsely pilose on 
both surfaces or glabrous above except for long soft hairs near the base; panicles 
short-exserted at least till after maturity, 2 to 3 cm. long, 
nearly as wide, the branches ascending; spikelets 1.4 mm. 
long, 0.7 mm. wide, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, glabrous, or 
minutely pubescent; first glume about one-fifth as long as 
the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma both shorter 
than the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.25 mm. long, 0.7 mm, 
ae wide, elliptic. 
gf me Ce Autumnal form weakly spreading, the culms branching 
from the middle nodes after the maturity of the primary 
panicles, the branches exceeding the internodes; ultimate branchlets in small fasci- 
cles toward the summit of the branches, the reduced blades spreading and the small 
panicles mostly exserted ; winter rosette 
appearing early, the soft blades mostly 
2 to 3 cm., but sometimes as muchas 5 
cm. long. 
This species is the only one of this 
eroup with spreading pilose pubescence 
and manifest ligules. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Boggy soil and shady, moist places, 
sometimes forming a rather dense car- 
pet, South Carolina and Tennessee to 

Florida and Mississippi. 


Fic. 296.—Distribution of P. curtifolium. 


Sout Carona: Aiken, Ravenel; Hartsville, Coker in 1909. 

Fioripa: Pensacola, Combs 525; Eustis, Holm 24, Nash 1507; Myers, Hitchcock 
867; without locality, Chapman. 

TENNESSEE: Lookout Mountain, Biltmore Herb. 10715b (Biltmore Herb.). 

ALABAMA: Sand Mountain, Biltmore Herb. in 1899; Auburn, Earle & Baker 1532, 
Hitchcock 1337, Tracy 3748 in part, 3752; Flomaton, Hitchcock 1058; Tuskegee, 
Carver 27, 41; Gateswood, Tracy 8421. 

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, Tracy 4598, 4599; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1094. 


160. Panicum chamaelonche Trin. 


Panicum chamaelonche Trin. Gram. Pan. 242. 1826. Trinius states concerning the 
origin of his specimen, ‘‘V. spp. Am. bor. (TRATTINICK, ex. coll. Enslini).’”’ The type, 
in the Trinius Herbarium, is the early branching form. 

Panicum mtidum minor[us] Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 30.1892. ‘‘Florida.’’ The 
type, in the National Herbarium, was collected by William C. Canby at St. Augustine, 
Florida, April, 1869, and is labeled ‘‘nitidum var. minor’”’ in Dr. Vasey’s writing. 
This consists of several small tufts of vernal culms. 

Panicum baldwinii Nutt.; Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 1: 21. 
1895. The citation is as follows: ‘‘Panicum baldwinii Nutt. in Herb. Phila. Acad. 
(Panicum nitidum minor Vasey Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: No. 1, 30, 1892.)” No 
description is given. Since Nuttall’s herbarium name is taken up, this name should 
be considered a nomen nudum, and not based on the synonym cited. 

Panicum baldwin Nutt.; Chapm. Fl. South. U. 8. ed. 3. 586. 1897. Based on 
‘*Panicum baldwinii Nutt. (in Herb.)”’ and described. The type, in the Nuttall 
Herbarium, labeled ‘‘ Panicum Baldwinii, Florida, Bald.’’ is a tuft of vernal culms 
beginning to branch, with mature and over-mature panicles, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 269 


The species described as P. ramulosum Michx. by Chapman? is P. chamaelonche as 
shown by the description, by a specimen in the Chapman Herbarium at the New York 
Botanical Garden l&beled ‘Panicum ramulosum Michx. (nitidum 8. FI.!)> Southern 
Florida,’’ and by the fact that Chapman< cites ‘‘P. ramulosum Flora” [Southern U. 8.] 
as a synonym under P, baldwini Nutt. 

Scribner @ describes and illustrates this species as P. baldwinii ‘‘Nutt. in herb.”’ and 
gives as synonym, “P. dichotomum var. nitidum Chapman, Southern Flora, first 
edition.’’ Chapman does not make the combination as stated by Scribner, but refers 
P. nitidum Ell. to P. dichotomum as a form. Chapman’s plant as stated above is P. 
chamaelonche, but P. nitidum of Elliott’s herbarium is P. longiligulatum Nash. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form densely tufted; culms 10 to 20 or even 30 cm. high, ascending, glabrous, 
the nodes glabrous; sheaths, except the basal ones, half as long as the internodes or 
less, at least the upper rather loose, glabrous or occasionally with afew ciliz on the 
margin; ligules 0.2 mm. long; blades firm, ascending or spreading, 1.5 to 4 cm., rarely 
5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, more or less involute-pointed, glabrous on both surfaces, 
often with a few long, stiff hairs on the margin near the base; panicles finally long- 
exserted, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, nearly as wide, the flexuous branchlets and pedicels spread- 
ing at nearly right angles; spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, obovate, obtuse, 

turgid, glabrous; first glume one-fourth to one-third as long 


as the spikelet, obtuse; second glume slightly shorter than 
the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 0.9 to 1 mm. long, 0.6 
: mm. wide, elliptic, subobtuse. 


Autumnal form freely branching from the base and lower 

nodes, the early branches often as long as the primary culms, 

Fic. 297.—P. chamaclonche, Yepeatedly branching, forming dense cushions, as much as 50 

From type specimen. em. across, the longer culms upturned at the ends; ultimate 

branchlets more or less fascicled, the scarcely reduced blades 

drying involute, overtopping the small panicles; winter rosettes usually persisting 
green during the vernal state, the rather firm blades 2 to 5 cm. long. 

The plants are usually purple throughout in both vernal and autumnal state. 
Occasional specimens, such as Hitchcock 873, are yellow green, and look strikingly 
different in the field. Hitchcock’s no. 
1436, Chase 4570, and Tracy 6732 have 
unusually large blades, as much as 6 
cm. long and 5mm. wide. The speci- 
mens of Hitchcock 952 are 30 to 40 cm. 
high, with large panicles and rather 
long lower blades and appear to be 
intermediate between this and P. 
glabrifolium. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Fic. 298.—Distribution of P. chamaelonche. 


Open sandy soil, mostly in the low 
pine land or ‘‘flatwoods,’’ North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. 
Norts Carona: Vicinity of Wilmington, Chase 3125, 4570, Hitchcock 338, 339, 
1427, 1435, 1436, 1483, 1488; Wards Mill, Chase 3182. 


GeroreiA: Savannah, Kearney 177. 


' @ Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2. 667. 1889. 

® This is included as a form under P. dichotomum L. in Chapm. FI. South. U. S. 
576. 1860. 

¢ Fl. South. U.S. ed. 3. 586. 1897. 

4U.S8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 43. f. 3. 1898. 


270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 21, 3602*, 5588, Kearney 145; Baldwin, Hitch- 
cock 985; Lake City, Combs 127, Hitchcock 1027, 1037; Carabelle, Kearney 
92; Dunedin, Tracy 6726; St. Augustine, Canby in 1869; Indian River, 
Palmer 634 in 1874 in part; Melbourne, Curtiss 5804; Titusville, Chase 3965, 
HMitchcock 759; Jensen, Hitchcock 729; Sanford, Chase 4032, 4036, 4037, Hitch- 
cock 769, 778, 781, 828; Eustis, Chase 4053, Hitchcock 794, 806, 807, 818, 
Nash 51, 71, 335, 778, 1238; Oakland, Curtiss 6628; Lemon Bay, Tracy 7191, 
7200; Tampa, Combs 1344, Hitchcock 928, 934, 944; Braidentown, Hitch- 
cock 951, 952, 954, 973, Tracy 6732; Manatee, Hitchcock 975, Rugel 377; Myers, 
Chase 4153, 4156, 4171, Hitchcock 865, 866, 873, 885, 887, 895, 916, 924, Lee 
Co. Pl. 472; Sneeds Island, Tracy 6451, 6464, 6693; Perdido, Tracy 8407. 

AuaBAMA: Fort Morgan, Tracy 7207. 

Mississippr: Avondale, Tracy 4610; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1114. 

In the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy is a specimen said to be from 
Surinam which appears to be P. chamaelonche. 


161. Panicum glabrifolium Nash. 


Panicum glabrifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 196. 1897. ‘‘Collected by the . 
writer in the ‘flatwoods’ at Tampa, Florida, on August 20, 1895, no. 2415a.”’ The 
type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching state. The spikelets are 1.25 mm. 
long. The statement in the original description, ‘‘the spike- - 
lets slightly exceeding .5 mm. in length” is doubtless a typo- 
graphical error. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form similar to that of P. chamaelonche, in smaller 

Pre, 990! gaberolium. tuits; culms stouter, more or less flattened, 15 to 50 cm. high, 

From type specimen. erect or sometimes subgeniculate at base; blades firm, erect, 

or narrowly ascending 4 to 12 cm. long, or the lower occasion- 

ally asmuchas 20cm. long, 2to 4mm. wide, usually involute at least toward the apex, 

glabrous; panicles 4 to 9 cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, the branches 

ascending, the ultimate branchlets and spikelets more or less secund along the lower 

side of the branches; spikelets 1.2 to 1.4mm. long, obovate, obtuse, turgid, glabrous; 

first glume about one-third as long as the spikelet; second glume shorter than the fruit 
and sterile lemma; fruit 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long, elliptic. 

Autumnal culms wiry, elongated, and spreading, with geniculate nodes and long 
internodes; freely branching from the middle and upper nodes, the blades long and 
narrow, overtopping the somewhat reduced panicles; winter leaves less numerous than 
in P. chamaelonche, as much as 10 to 15 cm. long, stiffly ascending. 

In the vernal form this species is distinguished from P. chamaelonche by the taller, 
stouter culms, more involute blades, larger panicles, and slightly larger spikelets. The 
autumnal form is distinguished by the 
different branching habit. There are, 
however, intermediate specimens that 
appear to connect the two species, such 
as Hitchcock 893, from Myers, which has 
the tall culms, elongated lower blades 
and large panicles of P. glabrifolium but 
the smaller spikelets of P. chamaelonche. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low sandy woods, peninsular Florida. 
Fiorina: Crystal, Combs 1024; 
Braidentown, Combs 13138, 
1316, Hitchcock 966, Tracy 6715; Manatee, Hitchcock 978, Simpson in 1889; 
Cedar Key, Combs 780; Bartow, Combs 1187, . 


Fig. 300.—Distribution of P. glabrifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 271 
162. Panicum breve sp. nov. 


DESCRIPTION. 
A 


Vernal form purplish, culms in dense tufts, 5 to 17 cm. high, erect, stiff and wiry, 
glabrous or appressed-pubescent below; sheaths crowded at the base as in species of 
Festuca, those of the culms usually longer than the internodes, ciliate on the margin, ~ 
otherwise glabrous; ligules dense, about 0.3 mm. long; blades 
firm, erect or ascending, 3 to 6 cm., sometimes 8 cm. long, 
about 1.5 mm. wide when flattened out, strongly involute, 
more or less falcate, sometimes strongly so, a few long, stiff 
hairs on the margin toward the base, otherwise glabrous; panicle 
short-exserted, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, nearly as wide, loosely flow- 
Fic.301.—P. breve. From ¢red, the flexuous branches spreading; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4mm. 

type specimen. long, obovate, obtuse, turgid, puberulent; first glume one-third 
to half as long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma 
barely equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.2 mm. long, elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect, branching from the middle nodes, the fascicled branches 
strict, the reduced wiry blades overtopping the panicles. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 558435, collected April 5, 1906, in “‘low pine 
woods between scrub hills, among palmetto,’’ Jensen, Florida, by A. S. Hitchcock 
(no. 734). 

This species is most closely related to P. glabrifolium, from which it is distinguished 
by its short, compact habit, by the 
strongly involute blades bearing long, 
stiff hairs near the base, and by the 
pubescent spikelets. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low pine woods and hammocks, east 
coast of southern Florida. 


Frorimwa: Indian River, Palmer 

634 in 1874 in part; Jensen, 

_ Hitchcock 734; Fort Lauder- 

dale, Small & Carter in 

1903; ‘‘About Boca Ratone Lake, below Delray,’’ Small & Carter in 1903 
(Biltmore Herb.). 


Fic. 302.—Distribution of P. breve. 


Lancearia.— Plants olive green, often purplish; vernal culms usually wiry, minutely 
crisp-puberulent or glabrous; sheaths glabrous or puberulent, at least at the 
summit; ligules nearly obsolete; blades glabrous or puberulent, usually 
strongly ciliate, at least near the base; spikelets unsymmetrically pyriform, 
that is, more swollen on the face than on the back; first glume thin and 
shining, broad at the’summit, obtuse or truncate; second glume and sterile 
lemma strongly 7 to 9-nerved, puberulent or glabrous. Species of the At- 
lantic Coastal Plain. 

peeerer foe. t. Gm. lones 2) che ose SS Sash de ees 163. P. pauciciliatum. 

Spikelets 2 mm. or more long. 

Blades, or some of them, at least 8 mm. wide; glabrous on 
the upper surface; fruit papillose-roughened.....-. 166. P. webberianum. 
Blades not over 6 mm. wide (or if wider, puberulent on 
the upper surface); fruit smooth and shining. 
Spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long; blades narrowed to- 
EOWANL GG Waster ecco tedt rc oe nsieenex cies yee 167. P. patentifolium, 


272, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Spikelets not over 2.1 mm. long. 
Blades firm, glabrous above; culms stiffly 


ASCOMGITIC. | eek LS ee eS 164. P. lancearium. 
Blades lax, softly puberulent on both surfaces; 
culms ‘decumbent. 050.5)2 22 peer, Lees 165. P. patulum. 


163. Panicum pauciciliatum Ashe. 


Panicum pauciciliatum Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 87.1900. ‘‘Collected by 
me May 20, 1899, growing in dry sand near Wilmington, N.C.” The type, in Ashe’s 
herbarium, consists of six single culms, beginning to branch, 25 to 30 cm. high, with 
somewhat geniculate nodes, and short-exserted, hardly mature panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms cespitose, erect or geniculate at base, slender, stiff and wiry, 15 to 30 
cm. high, the internodes commonly reddish purple, crisp-puberulent to nearly gla- 
brous; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, striate, glabrous or crisp-puberulent, 
usually ciliate; blades firm, 2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, ascending or spreading, 
glabrous to puberulent, ciliate near the base; panicles 2 to 4 cm., rarely 6 or 7 cm., long, 
two-thirds as wide, the flexuous branches spreading or the lower reflexed, the pedicels 
and ultimate branchlets often directed toward the under side; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide; first glume one-third to half as long 
as the spikelet, obtuse or truncate; second glume and 
sterile lemma puberulent, the glume shorter than the 
fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 1.4mm. long, 1 mm. wide, 
elliptic-obovoid, obscurely pointed. 

Autumnal culms ascending from a decumbent base, 
branching from all but the uppermost node before the 
maturity of the primary panicles, the primary inter- 
nodes often elongating, the terminal joint with its 
panicle together with the internode below it often falling early, thus giving the ap- 
pearance of short culms branching at all the nodes characteristic of this species; early 
branches about equaling these shortened primary culms, repeatedly branching, the 
ultimate branchlets in fascicles toward the ends, the reduced blades spreading, invo- 
lute-pointed; winter rosette appearing late, not conspicuous. 

This species often closely resembles P. lancearium, but the differences, though small, 
are fairly constant, though Chase 3126 and Ennis in 1899 have spikelets 1.7 to 1.8 mm. 
long. Chase 3139, Wilmington, N. C., 
with ligules 0.8 mm. long and scarcely 
pyriform spikelets, is doubtfully re- 
ferred here. 


Fig. 303.—P. pauciciliatum. From 
type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods of the Coastal Plain, 
mostly in moist places, North Carolina 
to Florida and along the Gulf to Texas; 
also in Cuba and Porto Rico. 


Norrtu Carourna: Roanoke Island, 
Chase 3246; Wilmington, Ashe Fig. 304.—Distribution of P. pauciciliatwm. 
in 1899, Chase 3126, 3127, 3128, 
3162, 4567, Hitchcock 414, 416, 1432, 1477, 1479, 1487. 

Fioripa: Baldwin, Hitchcock 992; Apalachicola, Chapman; Orange County, Baker 
41, 70, 71, 72, Combs 1085, Meislahn 169; Eustis, Chase 4045, Hitchcock 793, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 273 


797, 803, 804, 808, 819, Nash 15, 63 in part, 1337, 2076; Sumter County, Curtiss 
F, 3600A in part; Jensen, Hitchcock 733, 737, 750; Santa Rosa Island, Tracy 
6446, 6447; Perdido, Tracy 8406; Myers, Chase 4173, Hitchcock 889. 

ALABAMA: Fort Morgan, Tracy 8397. 

MisstssiprI: Biloxi, Kearney 3314; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1113; Horn Island, 
Tracy 2863, 8412. 

Texas: Narcoossee, Ennis in 1899. 

Cusa: Without locality, Wright 3876. 

Porto Rico: Santurce, Heller 982b, 6442; Vega Baja, Heller 639, Underwood & 
Griggs 955. 


164. Panicum lancearium Trin. 


Panicum lancearium Trin. Gram. Pan. 223. 1826. Trinius here gives a full descrip- 
tion and states that his specimen was collected in North America by Enslin and com- 
municated by Trattinick: ‘“‘V. spp. Am. bor. (TRaTtTinicK ex hbio Enslini).”  Tri- 
nius had previously mentioned the name@ as a probable synonym of a Plukenet 
species. The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is the vernal form, with glabrous spike- 
lets 2 mm. long. It is labeled ‘‘Plukn. Tb. 92. f.6.? In Am. bor. ab Enslino 1. dt. 
el. Trattinick.”’ 

Panicum nashianum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. '7: 79. f. 61. 1897. 
Two specimens are cited, ‘‘4029 Curtiss (1893), and 466 Nash (1894).—Low pine bar- 
rens, often in moist ground, near the coast, Virginia to Mississippi.” The type (Nash 
466, since the species is named for the collector) is in the National Herbarium. It 
consists of a clump of numerous culms 15 to 30 cm. high with mature and immature 
panicles, the spikelets minutely pubescent. The accompanying label gives the fol- 
lowing data: ‘‘Dry sandy soil. Growsin dense clumps 1 ft. across. Collected in vicin- 
ity of Eustis, Lake county, Florida, by Geo. V. Nash, April 15-30, 1894.” The Curtiss 
specimen cited by Scribner has glabrous spikelets. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms cespitose, usually purplish, wiry, stiffly ascending from a more or less 
geniculate base, 20 to 50 cm. high, minutely grayish crisp-puberulent; sheaths puber- 
ulent, at least near the margin, much shorter than the internodes; blades ascending or 
spreading, firm, 2 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, puberulent or nearly glabrous beneath, 
usually glabrous on the upper surface, strongly ciliate toward the base, or sometimes 
nearly to the apex; panicles 3 to 6 cm. long, two-thirds as wide, rather few-flowered, the 

flexuous branches spreading, or the lower reflexed; 

spikelets 2 to 2.1 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide; first 
glume one-third to half as long as the spikelet, obtuse 
or truncate; second glume and sterile lemma puberu- 
lent or sometimes glabrous, the glume slightly shorter 
. than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 1.6 to1.7 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, minutely puberu- 
lent at the apex. 
Autumnal culms geniculate-spreading, ascending 
at the ends, the stiff internodes occasionally elon- 
gated, branching from the middle nodes, the branches much longer than the inter- 
nodes, late in the season bearing fascicles of short branchlets toward the summit, the 
reduced flat or involute-pointed blades spreading, the ultimate panicles reduced to a 
few spikelets, partly inclosed in the sheaths. 


Fig. 305.—P. lancearium. From 
type specimen. 


a Clav. Agrost. 234, 1822. 
41616°—vo1 15—10——_18 


274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Occasional unusually large specimens, such as Curtiss 6626, Hitchcock 678, and Tracy 
7051, resemble P. webberianum, but may be distinguished by the smaller spikelets, with 
smooth and shining fruits. 

The following specimens approach P. patulum in habit or in having papillose, more 
rounded spikelets, but the blades are not pubescent on the upper surface, or but one or 
two are pubescent, the others being glabrous: Chase 3211, 4543, 4568, 4569, Harper 1689, 
Hitchcock 1016, Wright 3460. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Low sandy woods of the Coastal Plain, from southeastern Virginia to Florida and 
Mississippi; also in Cuba. 


Vireinia: Cape Henry, Chase 2345; Norfolk, Vasey in 1884; Dismal Swamp, 
Chase 3656. 

Nortu Carouina: Roanoke Island, Chase 3211, 3224; Wards Mill, Chase 3181; 
Jacksonville, Ashe in 1899, Chase 3193, 3194; vicinity of Wilmington, Chase 
3113, 3129, 4568, 4569, Hitchcock 1431, 1466, 1486. 

Soutu CaRo.ina: Isle of Palms, Ball 792, Chase 4536, 4542, 4543, 4545. 

GeoreiaA: Savannah, Kearney 178; Tifton, Harper 1689. 

Furoripa: Duval County, Curtiss 3600 A in part; Jacksonville, Curtiss 4029 
(Hitchcock Herb.); Baldwin, Hitchcock 994, 1003; Lake City, Combs 75, 104; 
Hitchcock 1016, 1025, 1028, 
1033; Titusville, Chase 3970, 
4004, 4015, Hitchcock 764, 766; 
Sanford, Hitchcock 770, 784, 
821, 824, 825; Eustis, Nash 301, 
466; Pensacola, Tracy 8425; 
Clearwater, Tracy 7051 in part; 
Waldo Combs 686; Indian 
River, Palmer 631 in 1874; 
Gainesville, Chase 4239, Combs 
744, 752; Lakeland, Mitchcock 
844, 849; Tampa, Hitchcock 
929, 932, 937; Oakland, Curtiss 
6626; Madison, Combs 238; Crystal, Combs 1025; Bartow, Combs 1240; Mana- 
tee, Hitchcock 956, 977, Rugel 376; Santa Rosa Island, Tracy 6466; Pine 
Island, Tracy 7205; Sneeds Island, Tracy 6452; Perico Island, Tracy 6730; 
Palma Sola, Tracy 6714; Perdido, Tracy 8409; Sarasota, Tracy 7203; Semi- 
nole, Tracy 7194, 7195; Mary Esther, Tracy 7175, 9143; Myers, Chase 4149, 
4175, Hitchcock 864, 869, 888, 911, 9138; Miami, Mitchcock 664, 678, 713; with- 
out locality, Rugel 291. 

ALABAMA: Flomaton, Hitchcock 10394; Fort Morgan, Tracy 7209. 

Misstssrpr1: Avondale, Tracy 4581 in part; Biloxi, Kearney 330 in part, Tracy 
2869, 6465; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1093, 1298; Ocean Springs, Skehan in 
1895. 

Cupa: San Juan de Buenavista, Wright 3460 (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 306.—Distribution of P. lancearium. 


J 165. Panicum patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Hitchc. 


Panicum nashianum patulum Scribn. & Merr. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 
27:9. 1900. ‘‘Type specimen: 1296 Robert Combs, Braidentown, Manatee County, 
Fla., September 3, 1898.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of a clump 
of numerous prostrate culms, 18 to 32 cm. long, with mature primary panicles and 
numerous branches with secondary panicles. 

Panicum patulum Hitche. Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. Based on P. nashianum patulum 
Scribn. & Merr. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 275 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form densety cespitose, grayish olive green; culms geniculate-decumbent, 
ascending at the ends, as much as 50 cm. long, the internodes and sheaths densely vel- 
vety puberulent, the latter usually ciliate on the margin, at least toward the summit; 
blades rather lax, spreading, 4 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, tapering toward both ° 
ends, velvety-puberulent beneath, softly pubescent on the upper surface, sometimes 
obscurely so, ciliate at least half their length; 
panicles as in P. lancearium, the spikelets more 
globular-pyriform than in that species, 1.3 mm. 
wide and nearly as thick, second glume and sterile 
lemma densely papillose-pubescent; fruit 1.8 
mm. long, 1.1 to 1.2 mm. wide; otherwise as in 
P. lancearium. 

Autumnal form more freely branching than in 
P. lancearium, often forming large mats, the de- 
cumbent culms producing ascending branches 
from all the nodes at about the maturity of the primary panicles, these repeatedly 
branching, the ultimate branchlets crowded, but about evenly so throughout, not in 
fascicles at the summit only, the spreading blades much reduced; winter rosettes 
appearing early, the blades often 7 or 8 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so on the upper 
surface. 

This species is usually readily distinguished from P. lancearium by the decumbent 
habit and lax blades pubescent on both surfaces, but the blades are sometimes only 
obscurely pubescent above. 


Fic. 307.—P. patulum. From type 
specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low moist woods of the Coastal Plain, southeastern Virginia to Florida and 
Louisiana. 


Vrreinia: Cape Henry, Chase 5434; Dismal Swamp, Chase 3674. 

Nort Carorina: Wilmington, Chase 3110, 4577. 

South Carona: Isle of Palms, Chase 4538, Hitchcock 413. 

GeorGIA: Thomasville, Small in 
1895 (Biltmore Herb.). 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Combs 3, 
Kearney 140; Lake City, Chase 
4282, Combs 132 in part; Mil- 
ton, Chase 4312; Old Town, 
Combs 858, 859; Gainesville, 
Chase 4209; Grasmere, Combs 
1169; Titusville, Chase 4026, 
Mitchcock 765; Eustis, Chase 
4050, 4062, 4086; Nash 50, 151, 
1117; Clearwater, Tracy 6701; 
Tampa, Mitchcock 946; Miami, 
Hitchcock 654, Tracy 8853; Levy County, Combs 783, 835; Palma Sola, Tracy 
6729; Sneeds Island, Tracy 6703; Myers, Chase 4183, Hitchcock 922; Seminole, 
Tracy 7198. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Hitchcock in 1904 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Chase 4357, 4371, Kearney 331, Tracy 4586, 4587; Horn 
Island, Tracy 3976. 

Lovis1ana: New Orleans, Drummond 452. 


Fic. 308.—Distribution of P. patulum. 


276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


166. Panicum webberianum Nash. 


Panicum webberianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 149. 1896. ‘‘Collected by 
the writer on the edge of a clay pit in the low pine land at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, 
May 16-31, 1894, No. 781.’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, consists of two small 
tufts of vernal culms 35 to 45 cm. high, with blades as much as | cm. wide, and mature 
primary panicles, the spikelets 2.5 mm. long. | 

Panicum onslowense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 88. 1900. ‘‘Type 
material was collected near Ward’s Mill,’’ Onslow County, N.C. The type, in Ashe’s 
herbarium, is the vernal form with immature panicles, the culms glabrous or minutely 
puberulent, the lower blades as much as 1 cm. wide, the immature spikelets 2.4 mm. 
long. Other specimens in Ashe’s herbarium and some distributed as P. onslowense 
and bearing the same data as the type are P. lancearium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form commonly purplish; culms few to several in a tuft, rather stout, erect 
or ascending, 20 to 50 cm. high, minutely puberulent or glabrous; leaves somewhat 
crowded below, distant above; sheaths minutely puberulent at the summit, often 
ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous or nearly so; blades firm, ascending, espe- 
cially the lower somewhat incurved or spoon-shaped, 3 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 12 mm. wide, 
usually ciliate at base and sometimes along the margin, rounded or subcordate at base, 
acute but not long-acuminate; panicles finally long-exserted, 4 to 10 cm. long, two- 
thirds as wide, the numerous flexuous branches spreading or the lower even reflexed, 
the branchlets and pedicels usually rather short, thus giving to the main branches a 
somewhat racemose appearance; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long (in exceptional speci- 
mens only 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long), 1.2 to 1.8 mm. 
wide, obovoid to pyriform, commonly green, 
conspicuously purple-stained at the base; first 
glume one-third to two-fifths as long as the 
spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma mi- 
nutely pubescent or glabrous, the glumeslightly 
shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 
1.9 to2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, under 
a lens minutely papillose-roughened, puberu- 

1G. 309.—P. webberianum. From type HEL aU Le aL). ; 
specimen. Autumnal form spreading or decumbent, 
flabellately branching at the middleand upper 
nodes, the branches appressed and rather evenly distributed, sometimes somewhat 
fascicled; winter blades 3 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, strongly stained with 
purple, forming a flat rosette. 

As a whole this species is readily distinguished from P. lancearium by its stouter, 
taller culms, much larger blades, and in typical specimens by the larger spikelets, but ° 
a few specimens occur in which only the lower blades are much larger than in P. lan- 
cearium, and rather numerous specimens in which the spikelets are only 2.1 to 2.2 mm. 
long. The minutely papillose-roughened fruit proves constant for all the specimens 
here referred to P. webberianum, but this character is evident only under a strong lens. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low pine land, North Carolina to Florida. 


NortH CarouNna: Onslow County, Ashe in 1899; Wilmington, Chase 45694, 
Mitchcock 1433, 1472. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. PH i 


GeorGiIA: Brunswick, Ruth in 1893 (Ohio State Univ. Herb.). 

FLORIDA: Jacksonville, Curtiss 4637 (Hitchcock Herb.), J. D. Smith 570; Lake 
City, Hitchcock 1024; Apalach- 
icola, Biltmore Herb. 6204a; 
Seville, Curtiss 6610; Titus- 
ville, Chase 3964; Hitchcock 
7664; Grasmere, Combs 1164; 
Eustis, Chase 40514, Hitchcock 
792, 811, Nash 781; Sanford, 
Hitchcock 782; Tampa, Hitch- 
cock 9304; Wimauma, Hitchcock 
979; Arcadia, Hitchcock 855; 
Kalamazoo, Hitchcock 7653; 
Lakeland, Hitchcock 8383, 840; Fig. 310.—Distribution of P. webberianum. 
Braidentown, Hitchcock 955, 

972, Tracy 6716; Johns Pass, Tracy 7186; Jensen, Hitchcock 735, 748; Myers, 
Chase 4163, Hitchcock 910, 918, Lee Co. Pl. 470; Miami, Hitchcock 630; without 
locality, Rugel 443. 


167. Panicum patentifolium Nash. 


Panicum patentifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 574.1899. ‘‘Type collected 
by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, March 12-31, 1894, no. 72, in dry sand ina 
scrub hammock.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the vernal form with two 
autumnal culms of the preceding year attached; all the blades are narrow, even the 
basal ones not over 4 mm. wide. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form often purplish throughout; culms several to many in a tuft, slender and 
wiry, widely decumbent-ascending, 25 to 55 cm. high, minutely puberulent or nearly 
glabrous; sheaths much shorter than the elongated internodes, a puberulent ring at 
the summit, otherwise glabrous or nearly so; blades stify spreading, 2.5 to 8 cm. long, 
2to 5mm. wide, glabrous, acuminate, narrowed and sometimes ciliate toward the base; 
panicles commonly rather short-exserted, 3 to 7 cm. long, about half as wide, the 
branches few, ascending; spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. 
long, 1.3 mm. wide, obovate, turgid; first glume 
one-third to half as long as the spikelet, obtuse or 
subacute; second glume and sterile lemma puberu- 
lent or nearly glabrous, the glume slightly shorter 
than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 2 mm. long, 
1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, smooth and shining, mi- 
nutely puberulent at the apex. 

Autumnal form decumbent or spreading, 

oe branching from the middle and upper nodes, the 

type specimen. branches appressed and somewhat elongated, the 

secondary branchlets shorter and more or less 

fascicled, not greatly reduced; winter rosettes appearing late, OS SUE the 
narrow blades ascending. 

This species differs from P. webberianum in the more slender culms, narrower, 
spreading culm blades, absence of the large basal blades, and less turgid spikelets in 
which the fruit is smooth and shining. 


278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry sand, especially in “‘scrub,” Georgia to Florida and Mississippi. 

GrorGIA: Dock Junction, Ricker 963 in part. 

Frioripa: St. Augustine, Ricker 945; Gainesville, Chase 4245; Cedar Key, Combs 
777, 778; Eustis, Chase 4051, 4058, 4088, Hitchcock 796, 802, Nash 52, 72; 
Titusville, Chase 4028, 4029, 
Hitchcock 767; Ormond, Hitch- 
cock 563; Clearwater, Tracy 
6702; Jensen, Hitchcock 730; 
Braidentown, Combs 1288, 
1333, Hitchcock 969, 970, 971; 
East Pass, Tracy 6350; Mary 
Ksther, Tracy 9139; Tampa, 
Hitchcock 930; Arcadia, Hitch- 
cock 856; Sebastian, Hitchcock 
759; Myers, Chase 41634, 4170, 
Hitchcock 9154. 

ALABAMA: Fort Morgan, Tracy Fig. 312.—Distribution of P. patentifolium. 
7174. 

MississteP1: Biloxi, Kearney 330 in part. 


Oligosanthia.—Culms rather stout, usually erect; sheaths more or less hirsute, vil- 
lous, or sometimes glabrous; ligules inconspicuous except in P. ravenelii; 
blades firm, not over 2 cm. wide, usually narrower; spikelets about 3 to4 mm. 
long, obovate, turgid, usually papillose-hirsute, strongly 7 to 9-nerved. Au- 
tumnal form with branches more or less crowded toward the summit. 


Nodes bearded; blades velvety-pubescent beneath. 
Plants lax, soft-velvety throughout; spikelets not over 
Same AlOmee eee cis See eee uel ane Oh tetanus Maa ee 169. P. | malacophyl- 
lum. 
Plants stiff, pubescence harsh; spikelets about 4 mm. 
ora ah ee ee SO PRC Rae dat Wea Does a Aaa 173. P. ravenelir. 
Nodes not bearded (or but obscurely so in P. wilcorianum); 
blades not velvety. 
Panicle narrow, branches erect, or spreading only at 
anthesis; blades erect. 
Spikelets not over 3mm. long; blades not over 6 mm. 


WRC tie aR hE Eile a 168. P. wilcoxianum. 
Spikelets 3.7 to 4mm. long; blades 8 to 20 mm. wide. 
iDladestpapillosesispidie see 4- se) ane eee 174. P. leibergi. 
Blades glabrous on both surfaces. ..........-.--- 175. P. xanthophysum. 


Panicle about as wide as long. 
Spikelets narrowly obovate, subacute; plants oliva- 
ceous, appressed-pubescent........-------..- 172. P. oligosanthes. 
Spikelets ‘broadly obovate, turgid, blunt; plants 
green, pubescence, if present, not appressed. 
Blades erect, not over 6 mm. wide; plants copi- 
Cushy hinsutest aroun OUL > sane een 168. P. wilcoxianum. 
Blades ascending or spreading, rarely less than 
8 mm. wide, usually wider; plants not 
hirsute throughout. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 279 


Spikelets 3.2 to 3.8 mm. long; blades firm; 
sheaths or some of them more or less 
mmenaspids 2S. otk ae eS 171. P. scribnerianum. 
Spikelets not over 3 mm. long; blades rather 
thin; sheaths or some of them glabrous 
OL Sparseliy hispid 22. Ss .). oc sa cect rs ei MOS P hellers. 


168. Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey. 


Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 32. 1889. ‘‘Ne- 
braska (Dr. T. E. Wilcox).’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of several 
vernal culms beginning to branch, 13 to 17 cm. high, with scarcely mature primary 
panicles. On the sheet is written in Vasey’s hand, ‘‘ Panicum Wilcoxianum, Vasey 
n. sp., Niobrara Ft., Nebraska. Dr. T. E. Wilcox, 1888.’’ 


’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form dull green; culms usually in dense tufts, erect, 10 to 25 cm. high, copi- 
ously papillose-hirsute, as are the rather loose, usually overlapping sheaths; ligules 
about 1 mm. long; blades firm, erect or ascending, 5 to 8 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, 
broadest toward the base (this scarcely 
wider than the wide sheath), commonly 
involute-acuminate, long-hirsute on both 
surfaces; panicles finally exserted, often 
equaled or exceeded by the upper blades, 
2 to 5 cm. long, about half as wide, or some- 
times more expanded at anthesis, rather 
densely flowered; spikelets 2.7 to 3 mm. 
long, 1.5 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, papil- 
lose-pubescent; first glume about one-third 
as long as the spikelet, pointed or obtuse; 
second glume slightly shorter than the fruit 
and sterile lemma; fruit 2.4 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.3 to 1.4 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form branching from all the nodes, forming bushy tufts with rigid, erect 
blades much overtopping the reduced panicles; branches appearing early, usually 
before the maturity of the primary 
panicles; secondary spikelets usually 
more turgid than those of the primary 
panicles. 


Fig. 313.—P, wilcozianum. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies, Manitoba to North Dakota 
and south to Iowa and Kansas. 


Minnesota: Winona, Holzinger 28 

in part (Biltmore Herb.). 

ManiTosa: Sewell, Macown 13227. 

Norta Daxota: Towner, Lunell 
in 1908. 

Soutn Daxorta: Brookings, Williams in 1891, EH. N. Wilcox 14; Roberts County, 
S. D. Agr. Col. & Exp. Sta. 4167; Rosebud, Wallace in 1896; Jamesville, 
Bruce 80. 

Iowa: Missouri Valley, Pammel 3198; Gilbert Station, Carver in 1894. 


Fic. 314.—Distribution of P. wilcorianum. 


280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Nesraska: Niobrara Fort, 7. E. Wilcox in 1888; Johnstown, Bates 1084; Thed. 
ford, Rydberg 1308; Weigand, Clements 2683. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 2505, Pl. Kan. 879; Courtland, Hitchcock in 1892. 

Cotoravo: Without locality, American Plains Flora, Hall 231 in 1863 (Mo. 
Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


169. Panicum malacophyllum Nash. 


Panicum scoparium minor[us|Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sia. Bull. 7: 48.1894. ‘‘Mid- 
dle Tennessee (Gattinger).’’ The type, in the herbarium of the University of Tennes- 
see, consists of four branching culms with a primary panicle from which the spikelets 
have fallen and numerous secondary panicles with pilose branchlets and spikelets. 
On the accompanying label, which reads ‘‘Panicum scoparium Lam. Cedar Glades, 
Lavergne, Tennessee. Autumnal form 7 VII. ’81. Legit Dr. A. Gattinger,’’ is 
written in Scribner’s hand ‘‘var. minor,” and this is the only Gattinger and the only 
Tennessee specimen so marked by him. No specimen of P. scribnerianum4 can be 
found which was referred by Scribner to his P. scoparium var. minor, while a specimen 
collected by Coville, Mountain Park, Arkansas, in 1887, corresponding to the above 
Gattinger specimen (that is P. malacophyllum Nash), is marked by him ‘‘Panicum 
scoparium Lam. var. minor Scribn.’’ The description applies to the species repre- 
sented by the Gattinger specimen except as to the panicle and spikelets: ‘“Panicle 
branches and spikelets nearly smooth, or (subvar. pilosum) densely pilose hairy.”’ 
Only the Gattinger specimen is cited and this, marked by Scribner as noted above, 
has pilose spikelets and panicle branches. No specimen can be found marked with 
the subvarietalname. Were it not that Scribner wrote ‘‘var. minor” on two specimens 
of P. malacophyllum Nash and on nothing else, the Gattinger citation might possibly 
be taken to refer to ‘‘subvar. pilosum.’’ It would appear that the author ® confused 
P. scribnerianum and P. malacophyllum,; that his description, drawn up from the 
material in his herbarium, was made to cover both, but more especially the common 
form, but that, having no Tennessee specimens of the common form he cited a specimen 
of the form he did have from Tennessee. The author’s remark that ‘‘this is the most 
widely distributed and best known form of the species” bears out this conclusion. 

Panicum malacophyllum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 198. 1897. “Type collected 
by Mr. B. F. Bush on May 19, 1895, 
at Sapulpa, Indian Territory, No. 
1228.’’ The type, in Nash’s herba- 
rium, consists of two early autumnal 
culms 28 and 35 cm. high, with ma- 
ture primary panicles. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form velvety or velvety- 
pilose throughout; culms slender, 
é few to several in tufts, 25 to 70 cm. 

~ Fig. 315.—P. malacophyllum. From type specimen. high, more or less geniculate at 
base with arched internodes, ascend- 
ing or spreading, papillose-pilose with soft, reflexed hairs, the nodes retrorsely bearded; 


2 See discussion on the type of P. scribnerianum. 

6An examination of the specimens of this group in Scribner’s herbarium shows that 
at that time his idea of true P. scoparium Lam. was P. ravenelii, on a sheet of which he 
had written ‘‘Certainly P. scoparium Ell., a form which suggests close relationship 
with P. Waltert Poir. (P. latifolium Mx.).’”’ Accepting Elliott’s interpretation of 
Lamarck’s species Scribner names this form var. genuinum,; his var. pauciflorum (based 
on P. pauciflorum Ell.) is P. oligosanthes Schult.; his specimens of P. scribnerianum, 
ten in all (none of them from Tennessee), are all marked in Scribner’s writing P. 
scoparium Lam., without particular comment, and none as stated above is marked 
‘‘var. minor.” 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 281 


sheaths loose, shorter than the internodes, usually less copiously pilose than the culm; 

ligules 1 to 1.5 mm. long; blades spreading or ascending, 7 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. 

wide, tapering to the rounded base, acuminate, rather thin, velvety on both surfaces, 

ciliate at least toward the base; panicles usually short-exserted, 3 to 7 cm. long, at 

first narrow, the lower branches finally spreading, with short, spikelet-bearing branch- 

lets in the axils; spikelets 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide, elliptic-obovate, 
obscurely pointed, turgid at maturity, papillose-pilose; first glime about one-third 

as long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity; 

fruit 2.2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form spreading, freely branching from the middle and upper nodes before 
the maturity of the primary panicle, 
at length forming bushy, topheavy 
clumps with reduced blades and 
numerous secondary panicles. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy woods, Tennessee and Mis- 
souri to Oklahoma and Texas. 

‘Missourtr: Warrenbure, Stigall 8. 

TENNESSEE: Nashville, Gattinger 
in 1880; Laverene, Gattinger 
in 1881 and 1882. 

ARKANSAS: Mountain Park, Coville in 1887; Prescott, Bush 263. 

Texas: Dallas, Bush 642, Reverchon 1831; Weatherford, Tracy 7942; Denison, 
Bebb 2670 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

OxLAHOMA: On the False Washita, Palmer 383 in 1868; Wister, Hitchcock 578. 


Fig. 316.—Distribution of P. malacophyllum. 


170. Panicum helleri Nash. 


Ponicum helleri Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 572. 1899. ‘Collected at Kerrville, 
Kerr Co., Texas, by A. A. Heller, May 14-21, 1894, No. 1759. Differs from P. perner- 
vosum in the pubescent culm and sheaths, the broader blades of a different shape and 
the narrow spikelets which are usually sparsely pubescent.’’ The type,in Nash’s 
herbarium, is a tuft of five vernal culms 24 to 39 cm. high, the lower nodes subgeni- 
culate; panicles immature, scarcely exserted, the upper spikelets well developed 
but not mature, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, bearing a few scattered hairs; papille on 
the sheaths not prominent; lower internodes sparsely ascending-pilose, the upper 
short-pubescent, as frequently found in P. scribnerianum. The blades are 6 to 12 mm. 
wide, while those of the type of P. pernervosum are 5 to 7 mm. wide, but both are of 
the same shape, broadest in the middle instead of near the base, asin P. scribnerianum. 

Panicum pernervosum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 576. 1899. ‘‘Type collected by 
Elihu Hall in woods at Houston, Texas, April 16, 1872, No. 830.’’ The type, in the 
herbarium of the New York’ Botanical Garden, consists of two vernal plants with 
culms 27 and 34 cm. high, and an extra piece of culm with a panicle. The culms are 
glabrous, the sheaths ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, except one which has 
a few hairs near the summit. The panicles are mature and the spikelets more turgid 
than in the type of P. helleri, being 3 mm. long and 1.7 mm. wide. A few of them 


bear a few scattered hairs. 
DESCRIPTION. 


. Vernal form in clumps of few to several culms, usually somewhat bluish light green; 
culms 25 to 60 cm. high, slender, ascending or spreading, the lower internodes 
appressed-pilose, the upper often glabrous; sheaths sparsely papillose-hispid to glabrous, 
the papille often without hairs as in P. scribnerianum, ciliate on the margin; ligules 


982 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


about 1 mm. long; blades ascending or spreading, measuring about the same as those 
of P. scribnerianum, but broadest about the middle, rather thin, glabrous on both sur- 
faces or pubescent beneath, ciliate toward the base; panicles finally rather long- 
exserted, 6 to 12 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, more open and loosely flowered 
than in P. scribnerianum; spikelets 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.6 to 1.7 mm. wide, obovate, 
turgid, blunt, glabrous, or with few scattered hairs; first glume about one-third the 
length of the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, slightly 
exposing the fruit at maturity, strongly nerved; fruit 2.4 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.6 
mm. wide, oval, obscurely apiculate. 

Autumnal form branching at all but the lowest nodes, forming loose sprawling tuits, 
the branches somewhat divaricate, with sheaths more commonly pubescent than those 
of the primary culm, the blades widely 
spreading, not much reduced, the long- 
pediceled spikelets rather conspicuous 
among the foliage. 

This species is closely related to P. 
scribnerianum, and many specimens are 
but doubtfully differentiated. As here 
distinguished, the smaller spikelets, thin- 
ner blades tapering to both ends, and the 
wis lax habit, taken in combination, have 

Fic. 317.—P. helleri. From type specimen. been used to separate P. hellert. Asin P. 
scribnerianum little weight can be given to 
pubescence or lack of it, hispid and glabrous sheaths being found on the same plant, as 
in Bush 803 and Hitchcock 1173, though P. hellert is more commonly nearly glabrous 
than is P. scribnerianum. Reverchon’s no. 2857 is probably referable to this species, 
but the pubescence of culms, sheaths, and lower surface of blades and the long hairs 
. mixed with the short ligule show affinity to P. oligosanthes. The spikelets are 3 mm. 
long, too immature to show turgidity. 

A few specimens are intermediate in the size of the spikelets. In Harvey 17 and 
Hitchcock 1173 the spikelets are 3.1 to 3.2 mm. long; and Hitchcock 1223, with spikelets 
3.3 mm. long, is referred here since the specimen shows the sprawling habit of P. 
helleri. 


DISTRIBUTION, 


Open woods and prairies, Missouri and Oklahoma, to Louisiana and New Mexico. 


Missourt: Sheffield, Bush 803, 3903; Levasy, Bush 1685; Courtney, Bush 1710, 
3893. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 2529; northern Arkansas, Harvey 17. 

Lovtstana: Cameron, Tvacy 8419. 

Texas: Dallas, Bush 705, Rever- 
chon 1074 in part, 2444; Dallas 
County, Reverchon 2342, 2344, 
2345; Denison, Bebb 1430; 
Weatherford, Tracy 7949; Cor- 
sicana, Reverchon 2855 in part; 
Grand Saline, Reverchon 4138; 
Terrell, Warburton 2; Waller, 
Eptchcock AN 3 ioe LSGt 
1212; Waller County, Thurow 
in 1898; Houston, Bebb 1278, 
Hall 830, Nealley in 1887; Gal- 
veston, Plank 82; Virginia Point, Bray 33; Kerrville, Heller 1759, Smith in 
1897; Burnet, Plank 3; Velasco, Smith in 1897; Victoria, Tracy 8870; Kings- 
ville, Tracy 8885; without locality, Buckley in 1881. 

OxtAnoma: On the False Washita, Palmer 382 in 1868. 

New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains, Metcalfe 354. 


Fic. 318.—Distribution of P. helleri. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 283 


171. Panicum scribnerianum Nash. 


Panicum macrocarpon Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 148. 1823, not LeConte 1819. 
“Has. On the banks of the Connecticut River, near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Sent 
to me by Dr. Cooley.’’ The type, in herbarium of Columbia University, is a single 
culm with terminal panicle. Itislabeled in Torrey’s hand ‘‘ Panicum macrocarpon*,’’ 
followed by a brief diagnosis, and ‘‘ Near Deerfield, Mass. Dr. Cooley.’’ On the same 
sheet was mounted the specimen of P. latifoliwm, which is taken as the type of P. 
macrocarpon LeConte.¢ Torrey makes no mention of P. macrocarpon LeConte, 
published a few years earlier in his Catalogue of the Plants of New York. 

Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421. 1895. This is proposed 
as a new name without description, the following citations being given: ‘‘ Panicum 
scoparium §. Wats. in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, 632.1890. Not Lam. Panicum scoparium 
var. minor Scribn. Bull. Univ. Tenn. 7: 48. 1894. Not P. capillare var. minor Muhl. 
1817.’’ The author does not state upon which of these two the new name is based, 
but since it ‘‘is proposed in honor of Prof. F. L. Scribner, who was the first to indicate 
its difference from P. scoparium Lam.,”’ it seems evident that the intention is to 
raise Scribner’s variety to specific rank, changing the name because of P. capillare 
var. minor Muhl. But examination of Scribner’s type 8 shows that it is not the 
species described as P. scoparium in Gray’s Manual and as P. scribnerianum by Nash 
in the Illustrated Flora,¢ Britton’s Manual,¢ and Small’s Flora.e Owing to the 
confusion and uncertainty arising from Scribner’s citing a specimen which disagrees 
in part with his description, it seems best to take the first citation given by Nash as 
the basis of P. scribnerianum, excluding the reference to P. scopartum var. minor. 

Panicum scoparium §. Wats.; Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421.1895. Assynonym 
under P. scribnerianum Nash. The name is cited by Nash as “‘S. Wats. in A. Gray 
Man. Ed. 6, 632. 1890. Not Lam.,’’ but Watson did not publish this name, since 
misapplication of a name does not constitute publication. The description of ‘‘P. 
scoparium Lam.’ [misapplied] in Gray’s Manual, ed. 6, is identical with that of 
“P. pauciflorum Ell.?” of previous editions back to the first. In the first edition f 
the range is given as ‘‘N. Pennsylvania (Carey) and W. New Yorkto Michigan.’’ The 
Carey specimen, in the Gray Herbarium, is a single branching plant with hispid 
sheaths, a primary panicle, destitute of spikelets, and two secondary panicles with 
scarcely mature spikelets. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum n. sp.? pauci- 
florum Ell.? Wysox. Penna. J. Carey, July 1836.’ This specimen we take as the 
type of P: scribnerianum. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in clumps of few to many culms, 20 to 50 cm. high, erect or ascending, 
often geniculate at base, glabrous or harshly puberulent or sometimes ascending 
papillose-pilose; sheaths rather loose, conspicuously striate, ciliate on the margin, 
ascending-pubescent between the nerves and papillose-hispid with spreading or 
ascending hairs to nearly glabrous, the papille often without hairs; ligules about 1 
mm. long; blades ascending or erect, 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, usually 
firm, acuminate, rounded and ciliate at base, glabrous on the upper surface, appressed- 
pubescent to glabrous beneath; panicles short-exserted, 4 to 8 cm. long, rarely longer, 
two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, the flexuous branches ascending; spikelets 3.2 
to 3.3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, obovate, turgid, blunt, sparsely pubescent to nearly 


aSee note under P. latifolium L., page 314. 

bSee notes on P. scoparium minus Scribn. under P. malacophylium Nash, page 280. 
¢ Britt. & Brown, Illust. Fl. 1: 118. 1896. 

d@ Man. 87. 1901. 

¢Fl. Southeast U. S. 103. 1903. 

fA. Gray, Man. 613. 1848. 


284. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


glabrous; first glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, acute; second glume 
and sterile lemma subequal, barely or scarcely equaling the fruit at maturity, strongly 
nerved; fruit 2.8 to 2.9 mm.. long, 1.8 to 1.9 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, minutely 
apiculate. 

Autumnal form branching from the middle and upper nodes at about the maturity 
of the primary panicle; the branches longer than the internodes, and late in the season 
producing crowded branchlets 
with ascending, not greatly re- 
duced, blades and small, partially 
included, panicles from their up- 
per nodes. 

This species is very variable in 
the matter of pubescence. An un- 
usually hispid Washington speci- 
men, Elmer 763, was considered 
worthy of varietal rank by Scrib- 
ner and Merrill and bears a her- | 
barium name, but Moffatt 1863, 
3 Miller, Indiana, is quite and 
others nearly as hispid, while other Pacific coast specimens are not more hispid 
than eastern specimens. Glabrous and hispid sheaths are commonly found on the 
same specimen in this species. A few Mississippi specimens with blades softly 
pubescent beneath and spikelets 3.2 to 3.6 mm. long, suggest an approach to P. 
ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. These are: Jackson, Hitchcock 1295, 1296; Starkville, 
Fracy 42, 1752. 


Fic. 319.—P. scribnerianum. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy soil or dry prairies, Maine, Ontario, and westward to the Pacific; south to 
Maryland and Arizona. 


Maine: South Berwick, Parlin in Harvey, Maine Weeds 1245. 

New Hampsuire: Walpole, Fernald 280 (Gray Herb.). 

Vermont: Westminster, Robinson in 1898. 

MassacHusetts: Wellesley, Smith 731; Ipswich, Oakes; Essex County, Conant in 
1881. 

Connecticut: Oxford, Harger in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 425; Rocky Hill, Wilson 
1256; Farmington, Bissell 5563; Southington, Andrews 51. 

RHODE Is~tanp: Providence, Collins in 1887 (Brown Univ. Herb.). 

New York: Ithaca, Ashe. 

_ Onrarto: Sarnia, Macown 26328; Sandwich, Macoun 26329. 

New Jersty: Glenlock, Heritage in 1897; Morris Plains, Mackenzie 1611; Passaic 
County, Nash in 1893. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Safe Harbor, Porter in 1864; Germantown, Stone 4 in 1889; 
Easton, Porter in 1895, 1896, and 1898. é' 

Outro: Erie County, Mertz 147; Cedar Point, York 6789; Bowling Green, Keller- 
man 6894. 

InpriANA: Miller, Moffatt 1863, Umbach in 1897; Elston, Dorner 88. 

Inutinois: Hanover, Gleason & Gates 2598; Beach, Umbach 2365; Chicago, Chase 
in 1896; Joliet, Skeels 250; Romeo, Umbach 1704; Starved Rock, Chase 1607, 
Greenman, Lansing & Dixon 156; Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 922; Marshall 
County, V. H. Chase 1792; Galva, V. H. Chase 1749; Peoria, McDonald 32. 

Micnuican: Grand Rapids, Crozier; without locality, Wheeler 97. 

Minnesota: Fort Snelling, Mearns 771; Spring Grove, Rosendahl 260; Minneapolis, 
Sheldon in 1895. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 285 


Nort Daxorta: Norfolk, Griffiths 871. 

Sours Daxota: Lead City, Rydberg 1098; Rosebud, Wallace 12. 

Iowa: Ames, Ball 178; Iowa City, Somes 167, 229. 

-Nesraska: Weeping Water, Williams 3009; Thedford, Rydberg 1279, 1493; 
Fort Niobrara, 7. LE. Wilcox in 1890; Mullen, Rydberg 1604. 

Missouri: Wayne County, Eggert 234; Carter County, Eggert 297; St. Louis, ’ 
Eggert 249; Washington County, Eggert 295; Monteer, Bush 722, 733 in part, 
4653; Independence, Bush 729, 740; Watson, Bush 737; Dodson, Bush 1659; 
Arlington, Kellogg in 1903; Allenton, Kellogg in 1903; Swan, Bush 4568; 
Westport, Bush 4021; Vale, Bush 3933. 

Kansas: Osborne City, Shear 85; Manhattan, Hitchcock 2383, 2502, 2511, 2519, 
2525, 3854, Pl. Kan. 571, 571a, 921. 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 281, 282, Chase 3618. 

MaryLANnp: Glen Echo, House 831; 
High Island, Ward in 1879; 
Great Falls, Chase 2865. 

District or CoLUMBIA: Chase 3808, 
Steele in 1901, Ward in 1881 
and 1883. 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 74 
in 1898. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 
48a, 93. 

Texas: Denison, Bebb 2715 (Hitch- 
cock Herb.); without locality, 
Johnson in 1886. 

OxtaHoma: Limestone Gap, Butler 19; Sapulpa, Bush 1216, 1222; Flora, Bebb 
2167; Walker, Bebb 1459. 

Wyomine: Cambria Canyon, A. Nelson 2524; Inyankara Creek, Williams 2577; 
Devils Tower, Griffiths 548; Whalen Canyon, A. Nelson 516. 

IpanHo: Nez Perces County, Sandberg, Heller & MacDougal in 1892. 

WASHINGTON: Wawawai, Elmer 763; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1882 and 1883; 
Ophir, Elmer 509; Thurston County, Heller 4058; Roy, Hunter 604a; Walla 

- Walla, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 946. 

British Cotumstia: Chilliwack Valley, Macoun 26333, 77230; Lake Osoyoos, 
Macoun 77231; Vancouver Island, Macoun 29297. 

OREGON: Cascades, Kellogg & Harford 1085; Cache Bar, Sheldon 8331; Coos 
County, Hitchcock 2836; Sauvies Island, Howell 63; Snake River at mouth 
of Cache Creek, Sheldon 8194; without locality, Hall. Pl. Oreg. 672. 

Cotorapvo: Fort Collins, Baker 36. 

Arizona: Willow Spring, Palmer 561 in 1890; White Mountains, Griffiths 5401. 

CalirorniA: Castle Crag, Hitchcock 3074. 


Fic. 320.—Distribution of P. scribnerianum. 


172. Panicum oligosanthes Schult. 


Panicum pauciflorum Ell. Bot. S. ©. & Ga. 1: 120. 1816, not R. Br. 1810. “In 
Georgia, not very rare.’’ The type,in the Elliott Herbarium, is a single culm begin- 
ning to branch, with five ieaves and an exserted panicle 6 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide. 
The accompanying label reads: ‘‘Panicum pauciflorum E. Hab: in humidis umbro- 
sisque. Flor. Ap: Ma.’’ 

Panicum oligosanthes © Schult. Mant. 2: 256. 1824. Based on P. pauciflorum EIL., 
the name being changed because of P. pauciflorum R. Br. 


a This name is incorrectly formed; the word should be oliganthum, but since the 
incorrect form has been sanctioned by usage it seems wiser not now to correct it, 
especially since to do so would invalidate P. oliganthum Schlecht. 1854. 


286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum scoparium angustifolium 4% Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 32. 
1889. ‘‘South Carolina (Dr. Ravenel)’ is the first specimen cited. This, which 
is taken as the type, is in the National Herbarium, and consists of several culms in the 
early branching state, with mature terminal panicles. 

Panicum scoparium pauciflorum Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. '7: 48. 1894. 
Based on P. pauciflorum El. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form olivaceous, in loose tufts of few to several culms 35 to 80 cm. high, 
erect, often purplish, appressed-pubescent, especially below; sheaths shorter than the 
internodes or the lower longer, the papillose pubescence ascending; hairs of the ligule 
1 to 2mm. long, with longer ones intermixed; blades stiffly spreading or ascending, 6 to 
14 cm. long, 5 to 8 (rarely 10) mm. wide, sharply acuminate, narrowed toward the 
base, glabrous on the upper surface or rarely with a few long hairs, harshly puberulent 
beneath, stiffly ciliate near the base; panicles finally long-exserted, 6 to 12 cm. long, 
about as wide, loosely flowered, branches usually stiffly ascending or spreading; spike- 
lets long-pediceled, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 
1.7 to 1.9 mm. wide (smaller in ex- 
ceptional specimens), oblong-obovate, 
subacute, sparsely hirsute; first glume 
less than half the length of the spike- 
let, acute; second glume slightly shorter 
than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 
2.8 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, 
elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect or spreading, 
sometimes topheavy-prostrate, branch- 
ing sparingly from the lower, freely 
from the upper, nodes, late in the season 
the short branchlets aggregated at the 
summit of the branches, the crowded, 
reduced blades widely spreading, the panicles more or less included and reduced toa 
few spikelets, these commonly more turgid and blunt than those of the primary panicle. 

In this species the spikelets vary more in size than usual in this group. The follow- 
ing specimens have spikelets only 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long: Bebb 1426, Bush 1225, Hitch- 
cock 1194, Kearney 1386, Reverchon 1840, 4142, and Thurow in 1899. The shape of the 
spikelets as well as the other characters of these specimens are those of P. oligosan- 
thes. A few specimens, however, appear to be intermediate between this and P. 
scribnertanum, having the narrow blades, appressed pubescence, and open, few-flowered 
panicles of P. oligosanthes, but very turgid, blunt spikelets, which, however, measure 
3.5 to 3.7mm.long. These are: Tracy 1754; Bebb 1389 and 2703, Denison, Texas; and 
Hitchcock in 1903, Wister, Oklahoma, (the last two in Hitchcock Herb.). 


Fig. 321.—P. oligosanthes. From type specimen of 
P. pauciflorum Ell. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy, usually moist woods, New Jersey to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas, 
mostly near the coast. 
NEw JERSEY: Atsion, Commons 54. 
INDIANA: Dune Park, Hill 201 in 1898. 
Iuurnois: [Wabash County?] Schneck in 1879. 


a'This is not based on P. angustifolium Ell. Vasey gives the latter species on page 
29 of the same paper. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 287 


DELAWARE: Seaford, Commons in 1882; Greenbank, Commons in 1883; Lewes, 
Hitchcock 419, 582. 

District or CotemBia: Steele in 1899. 

Vireinia: Fort Monroe, Vasey in 1878 and 1883; Cape Henry, Chase 2912, 5435, 
Kearney 1400; Virginia Beach, Hitchcock 581, Kearney 1386, Williams 3110. 

Norra Carouina: Wilmington, Hitchcock 418, 1457, 1459, 1460. 

Souts Carona: Aiken, Hitchcock 580, Ravenel in 1867, Scribner in 1894; Sumter, 
Hitchcock 579; Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 20, 1410. 

GeoraiA: Augusta, Cuthbert 1121, 
1167, Kearney 216; Clarke 
County, Harper 146; Stone 
Mountain, Hitchcock 417. 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Curtiss 
5864; Lake City, Chase 4276, 
4283, Combs 163, Hitchcock 
1014; Tallahassee, Combs 382; 
Gainesville, Chase 4207, 4260, 


Combs 742. 
ALABAMA: Flomaton, Hitchcock Fig. 322.—Distribution of P. oligosanthes. 
1055. 


MississierI: Columbus, Tracy in 1896; Starkville, Tracy 1754; Waynesboro, 
Kearney 191; Biloxi, Tracy 3647; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1106. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 73. 

Louisiana: Calhoun, Ball 64, Hitchcock 1263, 12743, 1293. 

Texas: Dallas County, Reverchon 1841; Denison, Bebb 1389, 1426; Grand Saline, 
Reverchon 4142; Silver Lake, Reverchon 1840; Waller, Hitchcock 1194, Thurow 
in 1898 and 1899; Houston, Bebb 1245, Nealley in 1887; without locality, 
Wright (Gray Herb.). 

OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 1225. 


173. Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. 


Panicum scoparium major[us] Vasey, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 32. 1889 
The author states, ‘‘We have only seen this from South Carolina (Dr. Ravenel).”’ 
The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of three immature vernal culms. 

Panicum scoparium genuinum Scribn. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 7: 48. 1894. 
““P. scoparium Lam., Ell.’’ is cited, and, as it is evident that Scribner is designating 
Elliott’s as the genuine P. scoparium, Elliott’s specimen is considered the type. 

Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 36. 1901. 
Published as a new name for ‘‘ Panicum scoparium of Ell. Sk. Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 
119. 1817. Not Lam. Encycl. 4: 744. 1797.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, 
is a single vernal culm with an immature panicle. No locality is cited by Elliott, 
and none is given on the label;. the specimen is presumably from South Carolina. 

This species was referred to Panicum scoparium by Elliott, as stated above, and also 
by Chapman.¢ 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in loose tufts, grayish olive green; culms 30 to 70 cm. high, erect or 
ascending, densely papillose-hirsute with ascending hairs, the nodes short-bearded; 
sheaths shorter than the long lower internodes, about equaling the short upper ones or 
overlapping, papillose-hirsute like the culm; ligules 3 to 4 mm. long; blades thick, 
ascending or spreading, 8 to 15 cm. long, | to 2 cm. wide, sharply acuminate, rounded 


2 Fl. South. U.S. 575. 1860. 


988 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


at the base, glabrous on the upper surface, densely velvety-hirsute beneath, usually 
short-ciliate nearly to the apex; panicles short-exserted or included at the base, 7 to 
: 12 cm. long, as wide or wider, 
loosely flowered, the branches 
finally spreading; spikelets 4 to 
4.3mm. long, 2 to 2.2mm. wide, 
cbhovate, turgid and blunt, 
sparsely papillose-pubescent; 
first glume one-third to two- 
fifths the length of the spikelet, 
acute; second glume and sterile 
lemma subequal,scarcely equal- 
ing the fruit at maturity, 
strongly nerved; fruit 3.2 mm. 
_long, 2 mm. wide, elliptic, mi- 
nutely apiculate. 
Autumnal form more or less 
Fig. 323.—P. ravenelii. Krom type specimen. spreading, branching from the 
middle and upper nodes, the 
short branchlets promded at the summit late in the season, the reduced blades 
ascending, overtopping the small panicles. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy or gravelly woods or open ground, Maryland to Missouri, Florida, and Texas. 

Missouri: Swan, Bush in 1899. 

DELAWARE: New Castle County, Canby (Field Mus. Herb.). 

MaryYLAND: Great Falls, Chase 3780; Riverdale, Chase 3796. 

District or CotumBiA: Steele in 1898 and 1900; Ward in 1881. 

Vireinia: Danville, Small & Heller in 1891 (Biltmore Herb.). 

NortH Carona: Wilmington, Hitchcock 420, 1463, 1489; Raleigh, Chase 3088; 
Chapel Hill, Ashe. 

SoutH Carona: Aiken, Ravenel; 
Orangeburg, MMitchcock 1390; 
Keowee, House 2200. 

GEoRGIA: Cobb County, Wilson 

31, 47; Thomson, Bartlett 1502. 

Fioripa: Apalachicola, Burltmore 
Herb. 2994a; Mc iticello, Combs 
305; Chipley, Combs 602 in 
part; Lake City, Chase 4279, 
Hitchcock 1010. Mee 

TENNESSEE: Henderson, Bain in Fic. 324.—Distribution of P. ravenelii. 

1893 (Univ. Tenn. Herb.). 

ALABAMA: Mobile County, Mohr 153; Flomaton, Hitchcock 1047; Auburn, Hitch- 
cock 1334; Tuskegee, Carver 13. 

MISSISSIPPI: Sailers Tracy in 1888; Jackson, Hitchcock 1294; Mississippi City, 
Hitchcock 1107. 

ARKANSAS: Little Rock, Coville in 1887; Fulton, Bush 2526; Benton County, 
Plank 56, 143; northwestern Arkansas, Harvey 31. 

LOvISIANA: athena, Hitchcock 1288; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1245. 

Texas: Big Sandy, Reveraion 2390; Harvester, Thurow in 1898; Waller, Hitch- 
cock 1187; without locality, Nealley in 1885, Wright 280 (Gray Herb.). 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 989 
174. Panicum leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. 


Panicum scoparium, liebergit Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 32. 1889. 
‘‘P. liebergii Scribn.)” is given as synonym, and ‘‘Plymouth County, Iowa (John 
Lieberg)” [error for Leiberg] is cited. The type, consisting of two vernal culms, is in 
Hitchcock’s herbarium. The accompanying label reads: “‘Panicum Leibergii, . 
Scribn. 1884. Plymouth Co., Iowa. 1878. Legit John Leiberg,’’, the specific 
name, author, and date being in Scribner’s writing. On the sheet is written in Vasey’s 
hand, ‘‘P. scoparium var. Leibergii V.”’ 

Panicum scribnerianum leibergi Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 6: 
32. 1897. Nosynonym is cited and ‘‘South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 16)” is the 
only specimen mentioned. This name must however be considered a new combina- 
tion based on P. scoparium leibergu Vasey. The Wilcox specimen agrees with that 
of Leiberg. 

Panicum liebergit Scribn. in Britt. & Brown, Illust. Fl. 3: 497. 1898. Based on 
‘Panicum scoparium Lam. var. Liebergu Vasey.’’ This name was first mentioned 
as a synonym under P. scoparium liebergu Vasey.@ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form dull green, in clumps of few to several slender culms, 25 to 75 cm. 
high, erect from a more or less geniculate base, pilose to merely scabrous; sheaths 
shorter than the internodes, papillose-hispid with spreading hairs; ligules almost 
obsolete; blades ascending or erect, rather thin, 6 to 15 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, 
narrowed toward the rounded base, acuminate, papillose-hispid on both, surfaces, 
often sparsely so above, papillose-ciliate from one-third to half their length; 
panicles finally long-exserted, 8 to 15 cm. long, less than half as wide, the flexuous 
branches narrowly ascending or somewhat spreading at anthesis; spikelets 3.7 to 4 


Fig. 325.—P. leibergii. From type specimen. 


mm. long, 1.8 to 2 mm. wide, oblong-obovate, turgid, strongly papillose-hispid with 
spreading hairs; first glume more than half the length of the spikelet, pointed, second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, covering the fruit at maturity or the lemma slightly 
exceeding it; fruit 3 mm. long, 1.7 to 1.8 mm. wide, obovate-oval. 

Autumnal form more or less leaning, sparingly branching from the middleand lower 
nodes late in summer, the branches mostly simple, erect, the blades scarcely reduced, 
usually exceeding the short-exserted panicles. 


2U.S8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 32. 1889. 
41616°—vot 15—10——_19 


290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Prairies, New York to Manitoba, south to Ohio and Kansas. 

New York: Head of Seneca Lake (Gray Herb.). 

Ontario: Squirrel Island, Lake St. Clair, Dodge 17, 20, 62, 84. 

Onto: Erie County, Moseley:in 1897. 

Inp1ana: Lafayette, Dorner 35. 

Iuuinois: Naperville, Umbach 1669; Emington, Wilcox 129; Joliet, Skeels 334; 
Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 461, 1455; Knox County, V. H. Chase 1701; Peoria, 
McDonald 17; Champaign, Waite in 1888. 

Micuiean: Hansens Island, Lake St. Clair, Dodge in 1899 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Wisconsin: Racine, Wadmond 46; Elkhart Lake, Hill 91 in 1906. 

Minnesota: Acton, Frost in 1892; St. Cloud, Campbell in 1887; Montevideo, 
Moyer in 1894; Spring Grove, Rosendahl 504, 538. 

Manitosa: Macgregor, Macoun 
73004; Carberry, Macown 73003. 

Norta Daxota: Fargo, Bolley 
1865; Merrifield, Brannon 10; 
Leeds, Lunell in 1902. 

Souta Daxorta: Brookings, EF. N. 
Wilcox 16, Williams 2228; Lake 
Hendricks, Williams in 1891; 
Simpson Park, Griffiths 836. 

Iowa: Plymouth County, Leiberg 
in 1878; Armstrong, Cratty in 
1900; Ames, Ball & Sample 
16; lowa City, Somes 236; De- Fig. 326.—Distribution of P. leibergii. 
catur County, Fitzpatrick & 

Fitzpatrick 36; New Albin, Pammel 932; Johnson County, Shimek 69. 

Nersraska: Ponca, Clements 2523. 

Missouri: Lees Summit, Mackenzie 297; Monteer, Bush 379, 730, 744, 2760; Dod- 
son, Bush 1652; Levasy, Bush 1684. 

Kansas: Manhattan; Hitchcock 2504, 2518, Pl. Kan. 571b. 

This species is listed in the Botany of Stevens’s Report 4 as P. clandestinum, as 
shown by the specimen, without definite locality, in the National Herbarium. 


175. Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray. 


Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray, Gram. & Cyp. 1: no. 28. 1834. This was pub- 
lished in the set of exsiccatae, a printed description in Latin accompanying no. 28, 
the locality being given as ‘‘Pine Plains, near Oneida Lake, New-York.’’ In the 
Gray Herbarium is a specimen, on the sheet of which is written in Dr. Gray’s hand 
‘‘Oneida Lake, Wood Creek barrens, P. xanthophysum Gray!’’ This specimen, 
which we consider the type, is a single culm with an overmature primary panicle, and 
a small secondary panicle. Dr. Gray apparently neglected to retain for himself a 
numbered set of this distribution of Gramines. The specimen of no. 28 in the Boott 
set in Gray Herbarium, and the other specimens of this number which we have seen 
agree with the above specimen. The species was later described by Gray® in English 
in a paper on ‘‘New or rare Plants of the State of New York.’’ 

Panicum xanthophysum forma amplifolium Scribn. in Brainerd, Jones & Eggleston, 
Fl. Vt. 104. 1900. ‘‘Dry sandy soil, Burlington, Vt. L. R. Jones, collector, August 
31, 1893.’’ The type, in the Netonel Herbarium, consists of two specimens with 
ene sheaths and blades 1.5 to 2 cm. wide. 


aA. Gray Pac. R. Rep. 12: 49. 1860. bAnn. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 234. 1835. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 291 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form yellowish green, in loose tufts of few to many culms, 20 to 55 cm. high, 
erect or ascending, more or less scabrous; sheaths loose, about as long as the internodes ~ 
or longer, sparsely papillose-pilose and ciliate at least toward the summit, rarely nearly 
glabrous; ligules 1 mm. long; blades erect or nearly so, rather thin, prominently nerved, 
10 to 15 cm. long, rarely longer, 1 to 2 cm. wide, acuminate, slightly narrowed to the 
rounded papillose-ciliate base, otherwise glabrous, the uppermost blade not reduced, 
sometimes the largest; panicles finally long-exserted, 5 to 12 cm. long, very narrow, 
sometimes appearing almost racemose, few-flowered, the stiff branches erect or nearly 
so; spikelets 3.7 to 4 mm. 
long, 2 to 2.1 mm. wide, 
obovate, turgid and blunt at 
maturity, pubescent; first 
glume about half as long as 
the spikelet, pointed; sec- 
ond glume scarcely equal- 
ing the fruit and sterile 
lemma at maturity; fruit 
2.9 to 3 mm. long, 2 mm. 
wide, obovate-oval, mi- 
nutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form erect or 
ascending, branching from 
the second and third nodes, 
the branches erect, mostly simple, the blades not reduced, usually equaling the short- 
exserted panicles, the large, erect blades making the plant appear leafy in the middle. 

The spikelets of the primary panicles sometimes perfect their grains. As stamens 
and stigmas are both frequently exserted, the fruitful spikelets in this species are not 
always cleistogamous as is commonly the case in Dichanthelium. | 

Three Minnesota specimens, Campbell 66, Ostland 1 and 2 in 1884, and an Ontario 
specimen, Macoun in 1865, seem to be intermediate between this speciesand P. leibergii. 
The first of these has the glabrous blades and strict panicles of P. xanthophysum, but 
the blades are only 5 to 7 mm. wide. The Ostland specimens represent vernal and 
autumnal forms; both have blades that are ciliate for half their length or more but 
otherwise glabrous; the panicles are looser as in P. leibergit and the pubescence of 
the spikelets, which are too immature to indicate amount of turgidity, is papillose- 
spreading as in that species; the autumnal specimen has broader blades and would 
be referred to P. xanthophysum unhesitatingly but for the intermediate vernal 
specimen. 


Fig. 327.—P, zranthophysum. From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy or gravelly soil, Quebec to Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania. 


QvueEBEc: Sorel, Pringle in 1879. 

Maine: Buckfield, Allen in 1877; Orono, Fernald 345; Madison, Fernald 521; 
South Berwick, Fernald 519; York, Fernald 520; Bangor, Knight in 1904; 
Cumberland, Knowlton & Chamberlain 500; East Auburn, Merril 11; Ches- 
terville, Chase 3295, 3300. 

New HampsuireE: Laconia, Carter 101d. 

Vermont: Burlington, Jones in 1893; Peacham, Blanchard in 1889; Vernon, 
Grout in 1895. 

Massacuusetts: Ashburnham, Harv7is in 1896 (N. E. Bot. Club Herb.). 

Connecticut: Stafford, Graves in 1903 (Gray Herb.). 


292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


New Yor«: Oneida Lake, Gray; Lake George, Vasey in 1882; Schenectady, 
Wibbe in 1885; Danby, Coville in 1885; Cairo, Nash in 1893; Tripoli, Burnham 
in 1897. 

Ontario: Belleville, Macoun in 1865; Galt, Herriot in 1898 and 1901; Algonquin 
Park, Macoun 22025. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Tannersville, 
Brown in 1901; without local- 
ity, McMinn. 

MicHicgAN: Keweenaw, Farwell 
764; Alma, Davis in 18938. 
Wisconsin: Rainbow Rapids, Che- 

ney 1346; Mason, Cheney 4786; 

Webster, Cheney 3426. 
MinnEsoTa: Ramsey County, Ost- 

land 1 and 2 in 1884; Lake 

Kilpatrick, Ballard in 1893; 

St. Cloud, Campbell 66. 
ManirosBa: Lake Winnepeg Valley, Bourgeau in 1857 (Gray Herb.). 
SASKATCHAWAN: Bourgcau in 1858 (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 328.—Distribution of P. ranthophysum. 


Pedicellata.—Clums slender, more or less hirsute; ligules of short hairs; blades not 
over 6 mm. wide, ciliate; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, attenuate at base, 
papillose, 7 to 9-nerved. Autumnal form freely branching, the branches 
appearing before the maturity of the primary panicle; no distinct winter 
rosette formed. 

This group of two species appears to be intermediate between the subgenus 
Dichanthelium and true Panicum. The plants bear a general resemblance 
to Oligosanthia but in the absence of a winter rosette and in the branch- 
ing habit, especially of P. nodatum, they show a departure from 


Dichanthelium. 
Culms erect or leaning; blades thin, 5 to 9 cm. long, narrowed 
toward the base .c90. 4042 aocc 2 eas Ce ee ee 176. P. pedicellatum. 
Culms decumbent; blades thick, not over 5 cm. long, not nar- 
rowed. toward the basetsss..55 262 S55 Pe ee eee ee 177. P. nodatum. 


176. Panicum pedicellatum Vasey. 


Panicum pedicellatum Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 28. 1889. ‘Texas, 
J. Reverchon.’’ The type specimen, in the National Herbarium, Reverchon Texas 
Plants 1620, bearing the data ‘‘ Rocky 
woods, Kimble Co. June,’’ consists of two 
branching plants. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in tufts of few to several 
erect or ascending culms from a short, 
knotted rootstock; culms slender, 20 to 
50 cm. high, usually ascending-hirsute 
at least below, a few spreading hairs on 
the nodes; sheaths papillose, sparingly 
hirsute, ciliate on the margin; ligules 
dense, about 1 mm. long; blades ascend- 
ing or spreading, 5 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6 
mm. wide, the margin toward the narrowed base sparsely ciliate with long hairs, 
both surfaces glabrous or sometimes minutely hispid; panicles 3 to 6 cm. long, 


Fic. 329.—P. pedicellatum. From type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 293 


about three-fourths as wide, the branches few, spreading or ascending; spikelets 3.5 
to 3.7 mm. long, 1,4 mm. wide, elliptic, prominently papillose-hispid; first glume 
nearly or quite half the length of the spikelet, narrow, acute; second glume shorter 
than the fruit and sterile lemma at maturity; fruit 3mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, elliptic, 
subacute. 

Autumnal form erect or leaning, branching from all but the uppermost nodes before 
the maturity of the primary panicle, 
the branches slightly divaricate, the 
blades and panicles not greatly re- 
duced. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry woods and prairie, Texas. 


Texas: Kimble County, Reverchon 
1620; Kerrville, Heller 1726, 
1736, 1766, Smith in 1897; Aus- 
tin, Hall 8344 in part; Coman- 
che Spring, Lindheimer 1265 Fig. 330.—Distribution of P. pedicellatum. 
in Mo. Bot. Gard. distr; ‘‘in 
the Sabines bottom,’’ Lindheimer 158 (last two in Gray Herb.). 


177. Panicum nodatum sp. nov. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in tufts from.a knotted crown; culms ascending or spreading, slender 
but hard and wiry, 25 to 35 cm. high, finely papillose, crisp-puberulent; sheaths 
shorter than the internodes, papillose-hispid between the strong nerves; ligules dense, 
scarcely 1 mm. long; blades firm, ascending, 3 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, broadest 
at the rounded base, abruptly acute, puberulent on both surfaces, papillose-ciliate 
with stiff hairs 2 to 3 mm. long; 
panicles 4 to 5 cm. long, half to 
two-thirds as wide, few-flowered, 
the few branches ascending; spike- 
lets 4 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide, 
pyriform, papillose - pubescent; 
first glume about one-third the 
length of the spikelet, acuminate; 
second glume slightly shorter than 
the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit 3 
mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, obovate- 
elliptic, minutely white-puberu- 
lent at the apex. 

Autumnal form widely genicu- 

Fia. 331.—P. nodatum. From type specimen. late-decumbent, early branching 

from all but the uppermost node, 

the branches somewhat divaricate, equaling or exceeding the main culm, with 

numerous swollen nodes, the internodes 2 to 3 cm. long, the whole forming a loose 
tuft, the blades and panicles not reduced. 

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 592749, collected August 7, 1904, Sarita, Texas, 
by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 3865). 


@ This in the Gray Herbarium is numbered 835. 


294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


This species differs from P. pedicellatum in its stiffer, short-jointed culms, shorter, 
puberulent, prominently ciliate blades, 
and pyriform spikelets with a shorter 
first glume. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Oak woods in sand dunes, southern 
Texas and northern Mexico; appar- 
ently rare. 

Texas: Sarita, Hitchcock 3865. 

Mexico: Matamoros, Berlandier 
988, 2418 (last two in Gray 
Herb.). 


Fig. 332.—Distribution of P. nodatum. 


-~ 


Seoparia.—Vernal culms tall; blades flat, elongated, not over 1.5 cm. wide; ligules 
short; spikelets pointed, 7 to 9-nerved. 
Pubescence soft-villous or velvety; spikelets abruptly pointed. 
Vernal culms erect or ascending; plants velvety through- 


out; Spikelets about 20am: lone: 2) ease 178. P. scoparvum. 
Vernal culms decumbent at base; the upper sheaths more 
or less glabrate; spikelets less than 2 mm. long..... 179. P. viscidellum. 
Pubescence when present not velvety. 
Spikelets ellaptie; fruit) 2 am. lone: 22222222 eee 180. P. aculeatum. 


Spikelets ovate; that is, broadest below the middle; fruit 
2 mm, long or less. 
Sheaths or some of them hispid, rarely glabrous; au- 
tumnal form with crowded branchlets... ..... 181. 
Sheaths glabrous; autumnal form sparingly branching .182. 


. scabriusculum. 
. cryptanthum. 


Shy 


178. Panicum scoparium Lam. 


Panicum scoparium Lam. Encycl. 4: 744.1798. ‘‘Cette plante a été recueillie dans 
la basse Caroline par le citoyen Michaux.’’ The type specimen, in the Lamarck 
Herbarium, is a part of a vernal culm with a single leaf and over-mature panicle. The 
accompanying label reads, ‘‘ Panicum scoparium Lam. dict. donné par le C. Michaux.”’ 

Panicum pubescens Lam. Encycl. 4: 748.1798. The author refers to two specimens 
as follows: ‘‘J’ai vu de cette espéce un individu nain dans l’herbier de Vaillant; il 
Vavoit recue de Sherard en 1721. Le citoyen Michaux l’a trouvée dans la Basse- 
Caroline.’’ The first mentioned specimen is in the Paris Herbarium. It is some 
species of Brachiaria allied to Panicum villosum Lam. as described by Hooker. The 
other specimen referred to is in the Michaux Herbarium and consists of two freely 
branching autumnal culms of P. scoparium. The accompanying label reads “‘ Pani- 
cum pubescens Lam. Hab. in pratis sylvestribus Carolinae.’’ Since Lamarck’s 
description applies to the Michaux ® rather than to the Sherard specimen we may 
consider the Michaux plant the type. 

Panicum vwiscidum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 123. pl. 7. f. 3.¢ 1816. No specimen nor 
definite locality is cited. The type in the Elliott Herbarium is labeled: ‘‘ Panicum 
viscidum mihi. Hab: in humidis.’’ It consists of a single culm lacking the base, 
bearing several short branches and an over-mature primary panicle. 

Panicum pauciflorum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 313. 1825. This, together with 
P. scoparium Michx., is placed as a synonym under P. pubescens Lam. We have seen 
no authentic specimen. 


a Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 34. 1896. 
b See Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 147. 1908. 
¢ Plates 7 to 10 were issued with vol. 2. 1824. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 295 


Panicum laxiflorum pubescens Chapm. Fl. South. U. 8. ed. 3. 586. 1897, not Vasey 
1892. Based on Panicum pubescens Lam., though the description applies to P. strigo- 
sum Muhl., the species referred by Chapman to this variety. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants grayish olive green, velvety-pubescent throughout except as noted; 
culms 80 to 130 cm. high, stout, erect or ascending, usually geniculate at base, the 
nodes villous with reflexed hairs, a glabrous, viscid ring below; sheaths about half as 
long as the long internodes, the velvety pubescence wanting on the baek toward the 
summit, the surface here viscid when fresh; ligules 1 mm. long; blades rather thick, 
ascending or spreading, often reflexed late in the season, 12 to 20 cm. long, 10 to 18 mm. 
wide, long-acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base, the uppermost leaf often 
much reduced; panicles finally long-exserted, 8 to 15 cm. long, nearly as wide, many- 
flowered, the axis, branches, and pedicels with viscid blotches, the branches ascend- - 
ing or spreading, spikelet-bearing to the base; spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long, 1.4 to 1.5 
mm. wide, obovate, turgid at maturity, abruptly pointed, papillose-pubescent with 
spreading hairs; first glume one-fifth to 
one-fourth the length of the spikelet, 
acute to truncate; second glume and 
sterile lemma strongly nerved, the 
glume obtuse, shorter than the fruit at 
maturity, the lemma abruptly pointed 
and equaling it; fruit 2 mm. long, 1.4 
mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, apiculate. 

Autumnal form leaning or spreading, 

Fic. 333.—P. scoparium. From type specimen of branching from the middle nodes after 

P. viscidum Ell. the maturity of the primary panicle, 

the branches usually longer than the 

primary internodes, repeatedly branching, often more or less scorpioid, the ultimate 

branchlets in flabellate fascicles, the sheaths often swollen toward the summit, con- 

tracted at the throat, the blades much reduced, overtopping the small, partially 
included panicles. 

A well-marked and constant species, easily recognized by its velvety pubescence, 
the glabrous, viscid ring below the nodes, and the viscid upper portion of the sheath. 
The viscidity disappears in drying, but the glandular surface is evident. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


| Wet or damp soil, Massachusetts to Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas; also in 
Cuba. 


MAssAcHusETTS: Cape Cod, Cheney in 1903 (N. E. Bot. Club Herb.). 
New JERSEY: Avon, Mackenzie 1854; Tuckerton, Chase 3600; Wildwood, Chase 
3486. 
“PENNSYLVANIA: Tinicum, Smith 159; without locality, McMinn. 
' DetAwARE: Millsboro, Commons 28; Ellendale, Commons 32. 
MARYLAND: Eastern Shore, Canby; Anne Arundel County, J. D. Smith in 1879; 
Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 1637. 
District oF CoLtumBIA: Kearney in 1897, Merrill 233, Sheldon in 1881, Steele in 
1896 and 1897, Topping in 1895, Vasey in 1881, Ward in 1878 and 1879. 
Virainis: In the vicinity of Cape Henry, Chase 5438, Coville 17, Hitchcock 593, 
Kearney 308, 1477, Mackenzie 1688, Noyes 88, 89; Dismal Swamp, McCarthy 
in 1883. 

Nort Carona: Wilmington, Biltmore Herb. 4290; Hickory, Small & Heller in 
1891; Heiligs Mill, Small & Heller 204; West Raleigh, Coit 1304. 


296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 437. 

GroreiA: Savannah, Kearney 183; McGuires Mill, Small in 1893; Clarke County, 
Harper 110, 150; Cobb County, Harper 210; Americus, Tracy in 1897; Dekalb 
County, Eggert 82; Stone. 
Mountain, Hitchcock 215; 
Thomson, Bartlett 1170. 

Fiorina: Jacksonville, Kearney 
156; Lake City, Nash 2204; 
Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 
4290a; without locality, Chap- 
man. 

Kentucky: Warren County, Price 
in 1896 (Mo. Bot. Gard. 
Herb.). 

TENNESSEE: Chester County, Bain 
in 1892. 

Atasama: Auburn, Pollard & Mazon 2, 67, Tracy 3978; Cullman, Eggert 12, 60, 
Mohr in 1895; Selma, Kearney 3; Tuskegee, Carver 52, 87; Mobile, Hitchcock 
594, Kearney 67, Tracy 7048. 

Mississieri: Starkville, Tracy in 1896; Taylorville, Tracy 8591; Pachuta, Tracy 
3306. 

ARKANSAS: Miller County, Eggert 116, Heller4236; northwest Arkansas, Harvey30. 

Louisiana: Arcadia, Ball 77; Ruston, Cocks 3324. 

Texas: Waller County, Thurow in 1898; Texarkana, Plank 25; Hempstead, Hall 
829; Fort Smith to the Rio Grande, Bigelow; without locality, Nealley in 
1885, Drummond 381; Vincent 41b (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

OKLAHOMA: Choctaw Agency, Bigelow. 

Cusa: Road to Pinal Mayari, Wright 3467 (Gray Herb.). 


Fig. 334.—Distribution of P. scoparium. 


179. Panicum viscidellum Scribn. 


Panicum viscidellum Scribn. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 19: 2. 1900. 
‘‘Gravelly banks near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, altitude 1,250 m. (4,000 feet). C.G. 
Pringle, No. 8089. 1899.’’ A second specimen, Liebmann 323, is cited but the first 
is taken as the type. The Pringle specimen, which is in the National Herbarium, is 
in the early branching state. The culm appears to be decumbent or creeping, sending 
up erect branches. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms ascending from a decumbent, widely spreading or creeping base, 
rooting at the lower nodes, softly villous or nearly glabrous, the nodes more or less 
short-bearded; sheaths shorter than the internodes, villous or, especially the upper- 
most, glabrate; ligules ciliate, 2 to 4 mm. long; blades 
spreading, rather thick, more or less velvety-pubescent 
or villous on both surfaces, the uppermost 5 to 13 cm. 
long, 9 to 13 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate, subcordate, 
the lower lanceolate, more cordate, shorter and wider; 
panicles 4 to 11 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, 
usually densely flowered, the numerous branches 
spikelet-bearing from the base; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic, acute, sparsely pubescent; 
first glume about one-third as long as the spikelet, pointed; second glume and sterile 
lemma slightly exceeding the fruit at maturity; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, 
elliptic, abruptly pointed. 


Fic. 335.—P. viscidellum. From 
type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 297 


Autumnal form branching from the middle and upper nodes, the branches erect or 
ascending from the decumbent primary culm, the densely villous sheaths often over- 
lapping on the shortened internodes, the blades more or less ovate-lanceolate and 
strongly cordate-clasping, velvety pubescent, the panicles similar to the primary 
ones but smaller. 

The autumnal form is not well developed in any of the specimens examined. Judg- 
ing from the habit of the plant it appears to belong to the subgenus Dichanthelium 
but more material is necessary to determine this with certainty. The characters of 
the vernal form would place it in the group Lanuginosa, but the method of branching 
is different from that of any of the species there segregated. The specimens often 
resemble P. scopartum, and the species is therefore placed in this group, though 
somewhat doubtiully because of the manifest ligules and the branching habit. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Gravelly banks, fields and open forests, Mexico to Colombia; also in the Isle of 
Pines. 

Mexico: Jalapa, Pringle 8089, C. L. Smith 1617; Zacualpan, Purpus 2160;4 
Mirador, Liebmann 323; San Cristobal, Bourgeau 3132 (Paris Herb.); Jical- 
tepec, LInebmann 324 (Paris Herb.); Orizaba, Bottert 705 (Gray Herb.); 
Schaffner 284 (Paris Herb.). 

GUATEMALA: Sierra del Mico, Kellerman 6231, 6249. 

Nicaracua: U.S. Pacific Expl. Exped. Wright. 

Costa Rica: Aserri, Tonduz 1244; El General, Pittier 3358 (Instit. Costaric. 
Herb.). 

CuBa: Isle of Pines, Palmer & Riley 1065. 

Cotomsia: Near Jamundi, Pitter 940; Popayan, Lehmann 985 (Gray Herb.). 


180. Panicum aculeatum Hitche. & Chase. 


Panicum aculeatum Hitche. & Chase, Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. ‘‘Type Chase 2520 in 
National Herbarium. In large clumps by small slough, border of woods, Takoma 
Park, D. C., July 27, 1904; collected by Agnes Chase.’’ The type isa vernal specimen 
beginning to branch, with a mature primary panicle. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants in large clumps; culms slender, 70 cm. to 1 meter high, ascending, 
scabrous, harshly pubescent below; sheaths papillose-hispid with stiff, sharp-pointed 
hairs, a puberulent ring at the summit, the 
uppermost usually glabrous; ligules minute, 
membranaceous, ciliate; blades firm, stiffly 
ascending or spreading, 12 to 20 cm. long, 9 
to 13 mm. wide, acuminate, involute-pointed, 
scarcely narrowed to the rounded base, very 
scabrous on the upper surface and toward 
the apex beneath; panicles 8 to 12 cm. long, 
about as wide, few-flowered, the slender, 
flexuous, fascicled branches ascending or 
spreading, naked at the base, scabrous, some- 
times with a few viscid spots; spikelets 3 mm. 
long, elliptic, minutely pubescent; first glume one-fourth to one-third as long as the 
spikelet, acute; second glume and'sterile lemma abruptly acute, slightly exceeding 
the fruit; fruit elliptic, 2.7 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, minutely umbonate. 


Fig. 336.—P. aculeatum. From type specimen. 


a Panicum laxzum Swartz was also distributed under this number. 


298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Autumnal form branching from the middle nodes, the branches more or less divari- 
cate, not much crowded, the blades not greatly reduced, the ultimate panicles wholly 
or partially included in the sheaths. 

This species is allied to P. scabriusculum, but the panicles are smaller, more open, 
fewer-flowered, the axis and branches 
scarcely viscid, the spikelets larger 
and the glumes only slightly exceed- 
ing the fruit. Vernal plants bear a 
superficial resemblance to P. clandes- 
tinum. 


DISTRIBUTION. 
Swampy woods, Long Island, New 


York, District of Columbia, and North 
Carolina; rare. 


ee 337 Diana of P. aculeatum. 


New Yorx: Rockville Center, 
Bicknell in 1903; Hempstead, Bicknell in 1906. 

District oF CoLumBIA: Chase 2520, 5439, House 1041 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Norta CAROLINA: Lake Mattamuskeet, Chase 3210. 


181. Panicum scabriusculum Ell. 


Panicum scabriusculum Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 121.1816. “‘Sent to me from 
Savannah by Dr. Baldwin.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of the 
upper part of a culm with one leaf and a large over-mature panicle. The accompany- 
ing label reads: ‘‘Panicum scabriusculum. Hab: Georg: Dr. Baldwin.”’ 

Panicum lanuginosum Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 319. 1825, not Ell. 1816. 
‘“‘Georgia.’’ The type is in the Avilldenow Herbarium. 

Panicum eriophorum Schult.;¢ Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 128.1833. Based on P. 
lanuginosum Bosc, the iasauoden of oantiel is copied. 

Panicum nealley: Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 138: 25. 1886. ‘‘Collected in Texas by 
Mr. G. C. Nealley.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is a vernal specimen. 
It was collected in Texas, May, 1885, the exact locality not being given. 

Panicum dichotomum elatum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31. 1889. 
No locality nor specimen is mentioned by Vasey. The only specimen in the National 
Herbarium bearing this name in Vasey’s writing is one of P. scabriusculum in the 
early branching state. This specimen agrees with Vasey’s description and is taken 
as the type. It was collected by Charles Mohr in Mobile County, Alabama, June 18, 
1888. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form grayish olive green; culms erect, 1 to 1.5 meters high, scabrous at least 
below the nodes, sometimes puberulent, the nodes glabrous or puberulent; sheaths 
shorter than the internodes, glabrous to more or less hispid at least toward the sum- 
mit, often mottled or white-spotted, commonly swollen at the base and contracted 
toward the summit; ligules short-membranaceous, usually with a ring of hairs above; 
blades stiffly ascending or spreading, often reflexed, 15 to 25 cm. long, 9 to 12 or rarely 
15 mm. wide, glabrous or scabrous, often more or less pubescent beneath, gradually 
tapering to an involute point, slightly narrowed toward the base; panicles finally 
exserted, 10 to 20 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, rarely wider, many-flowered, the 


@ Kunth cites “‘ Schult. Mant. 3. 591’’ as place of publication, but neither the second — 
nor third volume of Schultes’s Mantissa contains a page 591, nor is this name in either 
volume. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 299 


axis glabrous or pubescent, often viscid, the flexuous branches ascending, spikelet- 
bearing from near the base; spikelets 2.3 to 2.6 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.3 mm. wide, ovate, 
pointed, glabrous 6r obscurely puberulent; first glume less than one-sixth as long as 
the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma 
strongly nerved, exceeding the fruit and form- 
ing an abrupt point beyond it; fruit 1.8 mm. 
long, 1 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect, branching from the mid- 
dle and upper nodes, the branches appressed, 
somewhat longer than the internodes, finally 
bearing fascicled branchlets and forming dense 
oblong masses along the upper part of the primary 
culm, the sheaths, especially the later ones, 
densely papillose-hirsyte, the flat, reduced blades 
ovate-lanceolate, reduced in length much more 
than in width, the panicles partly or entirely inclosed in the sheaths. 

This species is very variable in the amount of pubescence; even on the same plant 
are often found glabrous and hispid sheaths or glabrous and pubescent blades. Other- 
wise it is an unusually uniform species. 


Fig. 338.—P. scabriusculum. From 
type specimen. — 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist ground, especially along ditches, streams, and swamps, near the coast, south- 
east Virginia to Florida and eastern Texas. 


New Jersey: Atlantic City, Long in 1909 (Phila. Acad. Herb.). 

Vireinia: Norfolk County, Kearney 1798; Dismal Swamp, Tyler in 1905. 

NortH Carouina: Roanoke Is- 
land, Chase 3235; Wilsons 
Mills, Chase 3101; Wilmington, 
Chase 4600, Hitchcock 595, 
Kearney 270. 

SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 438, 1378; Aiken, 
Ravenel. 

GeorciA: Bullock County, Harper 
881; Leslie, Harper 410. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss Q, 
4878; Duval County, Curtiss 
3610; Baldwin, Combs 67; 
Washington, Combs 616; without locality, Chapman. 

AxtaBAMA: Flomaton, Hitchcock 1052, Tracy 3643; Mobile, Kearney 27, 39; Mobile 
County, Mohr in 1888. | 

Mississippi: Beauvoir, Tracy 4617; Biloxi, Tracy 4569. 

. Loutstana: New Orleans, Drummond (Gray Herb.). 

Texas: Nona, Nealley 38 in 1892; without locality, Nealley in 1885, Wright (Gray 
Herb.). 


Fig. 339.—Distribution of P. scabriusculum. 


182. Panicum cryptanthum Ashe. 


Panicum cryptanthum Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.175: 115.1900. ‘‘Collected 
by the writer in swamps at Wilson’s Mill, N. C., in July 1897.’’ The type, in Ashe’s 
herbarium, is'a specimen arbitrarily chosen from among four bearing the label, ‘‘ Wil- 
’ gson’s Mill, N. C. July 15, 1897. W. W. Ashe collector,’’? and with the additional 
data, ‘‘In a small swamp on north side of railroad about one mile west of the station.”’ 
The name does not appear upon any of the sheets, but these plants agree with the 


800 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


description and are from the locality as published. These specimens all are the 
autumnal form, with the reduced panicles partially inclosed in the sheaths. 

An earlier Panicum cryptanthum ‘‘Nuttall. Gen.’’? is a nomen nudum. It is men- 
tioned without description under Panicum cynodon Reichardt 
by Hillebrand 4 as a name in Kew Herbarium. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form cespitose; culms erect, 80 to 100 cm. high, 
glabrous except the usually bearded nodes; sheaths glabrous 
or the lowermost sparsely hirsute, the upper somewhat in- 
flated, all more or less ciliate on the margins and pilose at 
the summit; ligules membranaceous, erose, scarcely 0.5 mm. 
long; blades stiff, ascending or spreading, acuminate, invo- 
lute-pointed, glabrous, sparingly ciliate at base, 10 to 15 cm. 

long, 7 to 9 mm. wide; panicles short-exserted, 6 to 10 cm. long, nearly as wide, the 

-axis,and ascending branches viscid-spotted; spikelets 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, lanceolate-elliptic, pointed; first glume one-fourth to one-third as long as the 
spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, longer than the fruit and pointed 
beyond it, glabrous or sparsely pilose; fruit 1.5 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptic. 

Autumnal form erect, glabrate on the nodes, sparingly branching from the middle 
and upper nodes, the branches stiffly ascending at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees; blades 
flat, stiffly ascending, 2 to 5 cm. long, 
3 to 5 mm. wide, involute-pointed; 
panicles reduced to a narrow cluster 

partially hidden in the sheaths. 
The habit of this species suggests a 
small P. scabriusculum. 


Fig. 340.—P. cryptanthum. 
From type specimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low swampy ground, North Carolina 
to northern Florida, also in Texas; rare. 


New Jersey: Atlantic City, Long 
in 1909 (Phila. Acad. Herb.). 

-NortH CaRroina: Wilsons Mills, Ashe in 1897; Wilmington, Hitchcock 371, 1469. 

SoutH Carona: Orangeburg, Httchcock 1377. 

GeorcIA: Belair, Eggert in 1899 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Fioripa: De Funiak Springs, Combs 444. 

Trxas: Kountze, Nealley 37 in 1892. 


Fig. 341.—Distribution of P. cryptanthum. 


Commutata.—Culms rather stout; glabrous or puberulent; ligules obsolete or nearly 
so; blades usually 1 cm. or more wide (often narrower in P. ashei and P. 
equilaterale), cordate and more or less ciliate at base; spikelets 2.4 to 3.2 mm. 
long, elliptic, not very turgid, pubescent, 7 to 9-nerved. Autumnal form 
usually not very freely branching. 


Plants glaucous, glabrous; basal blades conspicuously ciliate; 
vernal culms usually solatanyo 2: 72- ssseee ss eee eee 185. P. mutabile. 
Plants not glaucous. 
Blades nearly linear, that is with parallel margins; first 
glume about half as long as the spikelet. 
Primary panicles long-exserted; sheaths mottled 
with: whites. 2.2. ve cee ec cee Sr 188. P. albomaculatum. 


a¥']. Hawaiian Isl. 498. 1888. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 801 


Primary panicles short-exserted; sheaths not mot- 
FRR Me AS Siar sine ps ot Sh Gung ab eme eS « 187. P. equilaterale. 
Blades lanceolate. 
Culms crisp-puberulent; blades usually rigid, sym- 
metrical, rarely over 10 mm. wide; spikelets 
CURT Jeu 1c 01 Meg C0 C1 a ie eae 183. P. ashei. 
Culms glabrous or softly puberulent; blades firm or 
lax; spikelets 2.7 to 3.2 mm. long. 
Culms erect, or autumnal form leaning; blades 
symmetrical, broadly cordate..........--- 184. P. commutatum. 
Culms decumbent; blades usually unsymmetrical 
and falcate, narrowed to the scarcely cor- 
aaa MN Sei Cl eek 186. P. joorit. 


‘ 


188. Panicum ashei Pearson. 


Panicum umbrosum LeConte in Torr. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 91. 1819, not Retz. 1786. On 
page 19 of this work the locality is given as, ‘‘In woods, Bloomingdale, N. Y.’? The 
type, in the Torrey Herbarium, consists of two vernal culms. On the same sheet is 
mounted a piece of a culm of P. dichotomum. On the label is written ‘‘Panicum 
umbrosum mihi” in LeConte’s hand, to which is added in Torrey’s hand, ‘‘(Le 
Conte).’’ The description as given by LeConte does not apply to this specimen in 
all respects. The culm and flowers are said to be glabrous, which is true of the speci- 
men of P. dichotomum, but the other characters apply better to the two culms of 
P. ashei. 

Panicum ashei Pearson; Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15:35. 1898. “‘P. com- 
mutatum Schultes var. minor Vasey, Contrib. from U. 8. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, No. I: 32 
(1892). Not P. capillare var. minus Muhl. (1817).’’ It would appear from this cita- 
tion that P. ashei was intended as a change of name, but “‘sp. nov.”’ follows the author’s 
name, preceding the above citation, and a description is given. Hence the synonym @ 
may be regarded as an error and the first specimen cited, ‘‘New York: Ashe; Ithaca, 
July 1898,’’ may be taken as the type. This specimen could not be found in Ashe’s 
herbarium, but there is a duplicate in the National Herbarium sent by Ashe, and 
labeled in his writing ‘‘ Panicum Ashei, G. Pearson, Dry woods, Ithaca, N. Y. W. W. 
Ashe, July 1898.’’ This consists of two vernal plants beginning to branch, with 
mature primary panicles; the culms and blades are less rigid than usual for this 
species. In the description the culms and sheaths are said to be glabrous, but in this 
specimen the culms and sheaths are crisp-puberulent. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants usually conspicuously purplish, in loose clumps of few to several culms 
from a knotted crown; culms 25 to 50 cm. high, erect, stiff and wiry, densely crisp- 
puberulent, including the nodes; sheaths shorter than the internodes, less densely 
puberulent, short-ciliate; ligules obsolete; blades usually thick and firm, spreading 
or ascending, 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide (the lower gradually smaller), acumi- 
nate, ciliate at the subcordate base and sometimes along the very scabrous margin, 
glabrous on both surfaces; panicles finally long-exserted, 5 to 8 cm. long, hardly as 
wide, loosely flowered, the branches usually in distant fascicles, ascending or spread- 
ing; spikelets 2.4 to 2.7 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, obtuse or 
obscurely pointed, short-pubescent; first glume about one-third the length of the 
spikelet, subacute; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, slightly exposing the 
fruit at maturity, obtuse or withering to a point; fruit 2.1 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, 
elliptic, minutely umbonate. 


a See synonymy under P. commutatum, page 304. 


302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Autumnal form erect or topheavy-reclining, the culms bearing divergent branches 
from the middle and upper nodes or from the upper only, the terminal joint of the 
primary culm commonly falling, the sheaths crowded or overlapping, the blades rigid 
and widely spreading, little reduced except those of late autumn; winter rosette 
appearing early, the blades thick and firm, usu- 
ally prominently ciliate nearly to the apex. 

This unusually uniform species is distinguished 
from P.commutatum by the rigid habit, thicker, 
narrower blades, crisp-puberulent culms and 
sheaths,.and by the more freely branching, often 
topheavy autumnal form. Occasional speci- 
mens, such as Bissell 5580 and Andrews 63 have 
spikelets only 2.1 to 2.3 mm. long. 

Mie ROP ies Tuimdipeveaiers | SNe is a form represented by several speci- 

specimen in National Herbarium. mens which appears to be intermediate between 

P. ashe and P. barbulatum. The plants grow in 

large clumps of numerous stiff culms, with narrow blades ciliate at the base, and with 

spikelets about 2 mm. long. These specimens are as follows. New York: Law- 

ence, Bicknell in 1892; New Jersey: Tuckerton, Chase 36014; District or COLUMBIA: 
Iftchcock 503; SourH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Mitchcock 1406, 1407. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Dry, especially rocky woods, Massachusetts to northern Florida, west to Michigan, 
Missouri, and Mississippi. 

MassacHusetts: Malden, Fernald in 1891 in part; West Quincy, Churchill in 1894 
(both in Hitchcock Herb.). 

Connecticut: Montville, Graves 88; New London, Andrews 63; North Stoning- 
ton, Bissell 5580. 

RuopEIsLtanp: Providence, Olney. 

New Yorx: Ithaca, Ashe in 1898; Northville, Bicknell in 1903 and 1904, Young 4; 
Rockdale Center, Bicknell in 1906; Rosedale, Bicknell in 1904. 

New Jersey: South Amboy, Mackenzie 2163; Sussex County, Mackenzie 2195; 
Wildwood, Chase 3502; Wildwood Junction, Chase 3521; Atsion, Chase 3542; 
Egg Harbor, Martindale in 
1876; Oradell, Mackenzie 2480. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 
1895, 1897, and 1898; Cham- 
bersburg, Porter in 1898; Lan- 
caster County, Heller 4770 in Se Heat ae ne an 
part, 4780. AEC 

Oxto: Niles, Ingraham in 1892; fs agnor roi) 
Painesville, Hacker 6878; 
Sugar Grove, Kellerman 6892. 

INDIANA: Clarke County, Deam : 
6467, 6905. Fig. 343.—Distribution of P. ashei. 

MicHicAN: Muskegan, Wheeler 19. 

Missouri: Swan, Bush 17, 2911, 3456, 4487; Pleasant Grove, Bush 289, 312; 
Monteer, Bush 4714; Chadwick, Bush 4412. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons 61; Milton, Commons 349, 356, 357; Green- 
bank, Commons 37; Ellendale, Commons 308; Frankford, Commons 53. 

MaryYLAND: Patuxent, House 961, Hitchcock 1640; Beltsville, Chase 3787; Hyatts- 
ville, Steele in 1903; Woodside, Chase 2830; West Chevy Chase, Chase 2477; 
Plummers Island, Hitchcock 564; Chesapeake Junction, Hitchcock 2410. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 803 


District or CoLumBIA: Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 556, Hitchcock 422, 425, 
568, Kearney i in 1897, Ward 2, 7,9, Williams 3, 4, 10. 

Virernta: GreatFalls, Chase 3704, Hous ttle Run, Pollard 180; Norfolk, Kearney 
299, 1029; Peemanth, Noyes 103; Virginia nea Pollan & Maxon in 1900; 
Munden, Mackenzie 1708; fea Swamp, Chase 3679, Tyler in 1905; Clifton 
Forge, Tidestrom 4. 

West VirGiniA: Summers County, Morris 977; Tibbs Run, Sheldon 566; Fayette 
County, Kellerman 6901. 

Nortu Carouina: Roanoke Island, Chase 3220; Wilmington, INtchcock 424, 1461; 
Chapel Hill, Ashe, Chase 3051, 3064; Magnetic City, Wetherby 58; reno 
Eitchcock 565. 

© Soursn Carona: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1388; Pelzer, House 2430; Clemson 
College, House 2105; Aiken, Hitchcock 566. 

Groreia: Augusta, Cuthbert 427, 1163, Kearney 207; Stone Mountain, Eggert 44, 
Hitchcock 423, 567, 1353; Thomson, Bartlett 1458, 1504. 

Fiorima: Chattahoochee, Tracy 3629 (Field Mus. Herb.). 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 34 in part, 54 in part. 

TENNESSEE: Polk County, Chambliss 14, 88, Kearney 324; Knoxville, Smith in 
1895, Scribner in 1891; Nashville, Gattinger in 1882. 

ALABAMA: Pisgah, Chase 4473; Scottsboro, Chase 4498; Auburn, Hitchcock 1323, 
1327, Tracy 3747, 3756; Tuskegee, Ball in 1901. 

MississippP1: Enterprise, Tracy 3275; Meridian, Tracy 3268. 


184. Panicum commutatum Schult. 


Panicum nitidum majus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 67. 1814. No specimen nor 
locality is cited. Among the Pursh plants in Kew Herbarium is a sheet upon which 
are mounted a specimen of P. commutatum and one of P. yadkinense. Above the first 
is a label reading ‘‘ Panicum nitidum Mx.,’’ and above the latter one reading ‘‘Panicum 
nitidum major.”’ Since Pursh’s description of the variety is ‘‘omnibus partibus 
multo majus,” it would appear that the labels have been transposed, and that the 
specimen of P. commutatum should be taken as the type of variety majus. 

Panicum nervosum Muhl.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 122. 1816, not Lam. 1797. 
Elliott states that the species ‘‘grows in dry shaded soils,’’ but no definite locality is 
given. The type specimen, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of portions of two 
culms, the panicle of one destitute of spikelets. The culms are glabrous, the sheaths 
glabrous or minutely puberulent between the nerves, densely puberulent on the back 
at the summit, blades papillose-ciliate at base, otherwise glabrous. The accom- 
panying label reads: ‘‘Panicum nervosum Muhl. Hab. Car. et Geor:’’ This species 
was also described as P. nervosum by Muhlenberg, but there is no specimen to rep- 
resent this in the Muhlenberg Herbarium. In this description the ligule is said to 
be ‘‘barbaeform,’’ and the species ‘‘P. aquatico® affine.’’ This throws some doubt 
on the identity of Muhlenberg’s specimen with the type of P. nervosuwm Muhl.; EII. 
in Elliott’s Herbarium. But thestatement that the leaves are lanceolate and ciliate 
at base, and that the panicle branches are numerous and spreading shows that the 
species has no close affinity to his P. aquaticum, as suggested by Muhlenberg. Since 
no specimen can be found by which to interpret Muhlenberg’s description, it is here 
assumed that his type is the same as Elliott’s and that the statement concerning the 
ligule is an error. 

Panicum commutatum Schult. Mant. 2: 242. 1824. Based on ‘‘P. nervosum 
Miihlenb. Descr. ub. p. 117”’ [error for 116], the name presumably changed because of 


@ Descr. Gram. 116. 1817. b This is Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash. 


304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


P. nervosum Lam. 1797. Muhlenberg’s description, including “‘ ligula barbiformis, ”’ 
iscopied. Itis evident that Schultes had not seen a specimen of this. 

Panicum enslini Trin. Gram. Pan. 230. 1826. ‘‘Am_[erica] bor.[ealis] (TrRaTrin- 
1cK, e collect. Enslini).’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is the vernal form. 
The accompanying label in Trinius’s hand reads ‘‘Panicum Enslini m. (An Pan. 
tenue Muhl. quaerit Nees ab Es.) ab Enslino in Am. bor. 1. dt. sine nom. cl. Trattin- 
ick Wiennae 1820.’’ There is a duplicate specimen in the Vienna Herbarium. Judg- 
ing from a small portion of the type sent to the National Herbarium from the Trinius 
Herbarium? this was thought to be the same as P. equilaterale, but from subsequent 
study of the somewhat fragmentary entire specimen and of the duplicate it appears 
to be a narrow-leaved form of P. commutatum. 

Panicum polyneuron Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 91. 1854. Based on ‘‘P. nervosum® 
Miihlbrg. Gram. p. 116, Torr. Fl. N. Am. I. 143.”’ The description, however, is a 
translation of that given in Torrey’s Flora¢ for P. nervosum and applies to the species 
described as P. macrocarpon LeConte,¢ which proves to be the true P. latifolium L. 
On the type sheet of P. macrocarpon LeConte, in Columbia University Herbarium, 
is written in Torrey’s hand ‘‘(P. nervosum Muhl. T.).’’ [T. probably stands for 
Torrey, that is, P. nervosum Muhl. according to Torrey. | 

Panicum commutatum minor[us] Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 34. 
1889. ‘‘Southern States.’’ The only specimen marked with this name in Vasey’s 
writing is found in Nash’s herbarium, having been obtained through exchange 
of duplicates with Dr. Vasey. Thisis a small, immature, vernal specimen with glab- 
rous culms, collected by Ravenel at Aiken, S. C., in 1867, and is labeled in Vasey’s 
hand ‘‘P. commutatum var. minor Vasey.”’ 

Panicum commutatum latifolium Scribn. in Kearney, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 476. 
1893. This is described in a single line in a footnote to notes on plants collected 
on Pine Mountain, southeastern Kentucky, in August, 1893, as follows: ‘‘ Leaves very 
broad, panicle large, the widely spreading branches few-flowered.’’ On page 479 
this name is listed as Kearney no. 299. In the Scribner Herbarium is a specimen of 
P. commutatum with unusually wide blades and large panicles, which is probably the 
plant referred to, although there are no data with the specimen.¢ The sheet is 
marked P. latifolium Ell., through which is drawn a line and below in Scribner’s 
hand is written ‘‘Panicum commutatum Schultes.’’ 

Panicum commelinaefolium Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 29. 1898, not 
Rudge, 1805. ‘‘Based on material collected by Dr. J. K. Small near Stone Mt., Ga., 
Aug. 1-6, 1895.’’ The type, in the Biltmore Herbarium, consists of several late ver- 
nal culms beginning to branch, with short internodes and short-exserted panicles. 
The culms, sheaths, and both surfaces of the blades are puberulent, the blades 1.7 to 
2.5 em. wide, the spikelets 2.8 mm. long. 

Panicum currant Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 113. 1899. Based on 
P. commelinaefolium Ashe, not Kunth. 

Panicum subsimplex Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 115. 1900. ‘‘Col- 
lected by Mr. A. Commons in dry rocky woods near Wilmington, Del., in August.’ 
The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, consists of autumnal culms, with broadly elliptic, 
somewhat falcate blades 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, and small, few-flowered panicles, over- 
topped by the upper blades. 


2 Schultes seems not to have had Elliott’s Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, 
since where he refers to this work (Mant. 2: 256-257) he does so on the authority of 
Nuttall’s Genera Plantarum. 

b See Hitchcock, Bot. Gaz. 41:65. 1906. 

ce Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 143. 1823. 

@LeConte in Torr. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 91. 1819. 

é Other Kearney specimens in the Scribner Herbarium are often marked with 
collector’s name and number only, without other data. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 805 
DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants commonly purple-tinged; culms in clumps of few to many, 40 to 75 
em. high, rather stout, erect, glabrous or sometimes softly (not crisp) puberulent; 
nodes puberulent; sheaths shorter than the long internodes, ciliate on the margin. 
and with a densely puberulent ring at the summit, otherwise glabrous or puberulent 
between the nerves; ligules nearly obsolete; blades usually firm, spreading or ascend- 
ing, 5 to 12 cm. long, 12 to 25 mm. wide, the lower and upper smaller than those of the 
midculm, rather abruptly tapering to an acuminate apex and slightly narrowed 
to the cordate-clasping base, glabrous on both surfaces or puberulent beneath or 
sometimes also above, the margin ciliate at the base; panicles usually long-exserted, 
6 to 12 cm. long, as wide or wider, loosely flowered, the axis glabrous or nearly so, 
the flexuous branches spreading; spikelets 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, oblong- 
elliptic, obtuse, softly pubescent; first glume about one-fourth the length of the spike- 
let, triangular, acute or obtuse; second glume and sterile lemma barely covering the 
fruit at maturity; fruit 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form erect or leaning, branching from the middle nodes, the portion of 
the primary culm above the uppermost branch commonly falling away, leaving the 
branch, with its shortened internodes, crowded, rather loose sheaths, scarcely or not 
at all reduced blades, and hardly exserted panicle, as the apparent termination of the 
primary culm; secondary branchlets crowded toward the summit, the reduced blades 
exceeding the partly included, much reduced 
panicles; winter rosette appearing rather early, 
the blades firm, ovate. 

This species is typically almost glabrous, 
with stiff culms and firm blades, but puberu- 
lence occurs rather commonly and is not found 
to be associated with any other character. 
The type of P. currant is puberulent through- 
out and has somewhat broader blades than 
common in P. commutatum, but these charac- 
ters are too variable to allow of separating this 
form as a species. In some specimens the 
culms only are puberulent, in others the 
sheaths or the lower surface of the blades only. 
The puberulence can not be codrdinated with the wide blades. Some puberulent 
specimens have ordinarily wide blades and other specimens with wide blades are 
glabrous. 

Early autumnal specimens in which,the upper branch has replaced the terminal 
portion of the main culm sometimes appear very different from vernal specimens, 
owing to a somewhat unsymmetrical broadening of the middle of the crowded upper 
blades. The type of P. subsimplexissuchaspecimen. A plant collected by Scribner 
at White Cliff Springs, Tenn. (in Hitchcock’s herbarium), shows several culms of 
typical P. commutatum, the terminal portions widely divaricate, but not yet fallen, 
and the upright branches with the unsymmetrically broadened blades as in the type 
of P. subsimplex. 

A few southwestern specimens such as Hitchcock 1104, 1253, Langlois 39, and 41 in 
part, Nealley in 1887 and Tracy 4577, differ in appearance from P.commutatum, having 
rather slender culms and narrower blades and seem to approach P. joorii, but the 
spikelets are not over 2.8 mm. long. 

Most of the Florida specimens are taller and more robust and have blades sometimes 
as much as 20 cm. long and spikelets 3 to 3.2mm. long. This form can not be satis- 
factorily separated even as a subspecies, though extreme specimens differ sufficiently 


41616°—vo. 15—10——_20 


Fig. 344.—P. commutatum. From type speci- 
men of P. nervosum Muhl. in Elliott Her- 
barium. 


306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


to be recognizable. The following specimens represent this variation: Chase 4205, 
Combs 89, 156, 886, 926, 1038, Curtiss 3583* in part, Hitchcock 757, 1008, Nash 1119, 
Tracy 3629. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods and copses, Massachusetis to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. 


MassacuusetTts: Wellesley, Rich in 1899. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller 4768; Ohiopyle, Ricker 1153. 

Onto: Vinton, Kellerman 6881. 

Inprana: Clarke County, Deam 
6595. 

Inuinots: Without locality, 
Schneck in 1879. 

Micuican: Agricultural College, 
Wheeler in 1890 (Mich. Agr. 
Col. Herb.). 

Missourt: Butler County, Eggert 
257 in 1893; Carter County, 
Eggert 290; Monteer, Bush 
755, 4685; Malden, Bush 731; 
Campbell, Bush 748; Pleasant 
Grove, Bush 238, 287, 308, 322; Grandin, Bush 2736. 

DELAWARE: Frankfort, Commons 48; Mount Cuba, Chase 3621, Commons 309. 

MarRyLAND: Great Falls, Chase 5436, Ward in 1882; Riverdale, Chase 2381. 

District or CotumBiA: Chase in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 557, Hitchcock 426, 569, 
Kearney 31, Merrill 204, Scribner in 1894, Steele in 1899, Vasey in 1874, 1881, 
1883, and 1884, Ward in 1879. 

Vireinia: Near Norfolk, Kearney 1317, 1414, 1463, Noyes 69, 74, Pollard & Maxon 
in 1900; Dismal Swamp, Chase 3654, 3678; Smyth County, Small 2, 8, and 
14, in 1892. 

West Virainia: Fayette County, Kellerman 6902. 

NortuH Caro.ina: Jacksonville, Chase 3168; Wilmington, Chase 3114, Hitchcock 
1458; Chapel Hill, Ashe in 1898, Chase 3052; Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 802b, 
Hitchcock 570,571; Lenoir, Hitchcock 428; Magnetic City, Wetherby 59; Colum- 
bus, Townsend in 1897; Rowan County, Small & Helcer 201. 

SoutH CAROLINA: Orangeburg, Hitchcock 1413, 1414; Clemson College, Howse 
Z2LOGS 2ZE795 Zoe 

GeorciA: Chickamauga, Ruth 11; Stone Mountain, Eggert 43, 45, Hitchcock 427, 
1348; Augusta, Cuthbert in 1900; Athens, Harper 60; Rabun County, Howse 

2305; Cobb County, Harper 221; Albany, Tracy 3630; Warm Springs, Tracy 8866; 
' Brooks County, Harper 1623. 

Froripa: Duval County, Curtiss 3583* in part, 4027, 4636 (last two in Hitchcock 
Herb.), Fredholm 455; Lake City, Combs 89, 139, 156, Hitchcock 572, 1008; 
Chattahoochee, Tracy 3629 in part; Apalachicola, Biltmore Herb. 802a; Madi- 
son, Combs 251; Monticello, Combs 330; Chipley, Combs 589, 601; Old Town, 
Combs 886; Homosassa, Combs 926; Titusville, Hitchcock 757; Clarcona, 
Meislahn 168a, 189; Grasmere, Baker 42, Combs 1038, 1098; Eustis, Nash 45 
in part, 78, 240 in part, 302, 1119, 1675; Gainesville, Chase 4205; Manatee, 
Tracy 7382; Manavista, Tracy 6695. 

Kentucky: Harlan County, Kearney 34 in part, 172. 


Fig. 345.—Distribution of P. commutatum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 807 


TENNESSEE: Hiwassee Gorge, Kearney 327; Wolf Creek, Kearney 972, 973, and in 
1894; Knoxville, Ruth61; Laverene, Biltmore Herb. 2984a; Kingston Springs, 
Gattinger in 1882; Jackson, Bain in 1893; Greenhill, Gattinger in 1881. 

ALABAMA: Scottsboro, Chase 4504; Auburn, Earle & Baker 1531, Mitchcock 1319, 
1328, 13839; Tuskegee, Carver 60, 88, 93, 94; Blount County, Eggert 22; Etowah 
County, Eggert 7; Flomaton, Hitchcock 1049; Mobile, Mohr. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Tracy in 1888; Enterprise, Tracy 3296 in part; Biloxi, 
Tracy 4577 in part, Tracy in Pollard Distr. 1416; Ocean Springs, Farle in 
1895; Petit Bois Island, Tracy 4577 in part; Bayou Gravelin, Tracy 4573; Mis- 
sissippi City, Hitchcock 1104, 1108. 

ARKANSAS: Fulton, Bush 234, 1450. 

Louisiana: Calhoun, Ball 66, Hitchcock 1268, 1274, 1286, 1291; Shreveport, Hitch- 
cock 1253; Alexandria, Ball 625; Plaquemines Parish, Langlois 39. 

Texas: Houston, Bebb 1242, Hall 831, Nealley 18, Ravenel 46; Texarkana, Heller 
4083; Columbia, Bush 1224; Grand Saline, Reverchon 4143; Palestine, 
Plank 55. 


185. Panicum mutabile Scribn. & Smith. 


Panicum mutabile Scribn. & Smith; Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 103. 1903. 
On page 1327 is the following citation: ‘‘Type, Biloxi, Miss., Tracy no. 3074, 1896 
in Herb. Nash.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the early branching form, the 
blades from the basal shoots large, 10 to 15 cm. long, 13 to 24 mm. wide, prominently 
ciliate almost to the apex, the culm blades ciliate toward the base only. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants blue green, glaucous; culms solitary or few in a tuft, erect, 30 to 
70 cm. high, glabrous: or rarely minutely pubescent; sheaths much shorter than the 
internodes, glabrous except the usually sparsely ciliate margin; ligules very short, 
membranaceous-fimbriate; blades horizontally spreading, 6 to 15 cm. long, 8 to 20 
mm. wide, tapering to both ends, rather thin, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate on the 
margin toward the cordate base or the lower 
ciliate nearly to the apex; panicles 7 to 15 cm. 
long, about as wide, very loosely few-flowered; 
spikelets 2.9 to 3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, 
elliptic, minutely pointed, pubescent; first 
glume about one-third as long as the spikelet, 
subacute; second glume and sterile lemma 
equaling or slightly exceeding the fruit; fruit 
2.6 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, elliptic, subacute. 

Autumnal form erect or reclining, sparingly 
branching from the middle and upper nodes, 
the branches longer than the internodes, finally 
producing toward the ends fascicles of shortened branchlets with somewhat reduced 
leaves. 

This species differs from P. commutatum in the glaucous blue green color, the more 
slender culms, solitary or few in a tuft, the glabrous sheaths, the narrower blades and 
the conspicuously ciliate basal blades. In herbarium specimens the glaucous color 
may be seen best on the culm below the nodes. 


-Fic.346.—P. mutabile. From typespecimen. 


308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy pine woods or hammocks, southeast Virginia to northern Florida and west 
to Mississippi. 

VIRGINIA: Cape Henry, Chase 5437, Hitchcock 429. 

NortH Carouina: Wards Mill, 
Chase 3189; Wilmington, Chase 
3154, Hitchcock 573, 1465. 

GeEorciA: Stone Mountain, Hitch- 
cock 430; Clarke County, Har- 
per 147; Coffee County, Harper 
1435; Thomson, Bartlett 1508. 

Fioripa: Lake City, Chase 4290, 
Hitchcock 1015, 1035; Madison, 
Combs 224; Monticello, Combs 
299, 307; Bay Head, Combs . : a ee Aue 
653; Gainesville, Combs 740. Fic. 347.—Distribution of P. mutabile. 

ALABAMA: Gateswood, Tracy 8424. 

Mississippi: Biloxi, Kearney 336, Tracy 3646; Mississippi City, Hitchcock 1103; 
Bayou Gravelin, Tracy 4573 (Field Mus. Herb.). 


186. Panicum joorii Vasey. 


Panicum leiophyllum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 20. 1886, not Nees, 1829. The only speci- 
men cited is ‘‘In valle Cordovensi, januario (BouRG[EAU] absque n.).’’ This name 
was earlier listed by Hemsley @ without description. The type, in the Paris Herba- 
rium, consists of several primary culms beginning to branch, the culms puberulent, 
the largest blades about 8 cm. long and 12 mm. wide. 

Panicum jooru Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31.1889. ‘‘Louisiana 
(Dr. J. F. Joor).’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, is a clump of several autum- 
nal culms, branching at all the nodes, the primary summits mostly fallen and replaced 
by branches bearing fascicled branchlets, the primary blades as much as 16 cm. 
long and 18 mm. wide, more or less falcate. The accompanying label reads: ‘‘ Panicum 
Joorii, Creek bank, in dense tufts! near Baton Rouge, La. Oct. 1, ’85. No. 39 Legit 
Jone door, Meeps 

Panicum manatense Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24:42. 1897. ‘‘Collected by the 
writer on August 21, 1895, near a sulphur well in a wet hammock northeast of Pal- 
metto, Manatee County, Florida, no. 2428a.’’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is a 
clump of early autumnal culms branching from all the nodes, the largest primary 
blades being scarcely 8 cm. long and 15 mm. wide, somewhat falcate. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form rather pale grayish green; culms in clumps of few to many, 20 to 55cm. ~ 
high, slender, spreading or ascending from a decumbent base, glabrous or rarely puber- 
ulent, at least the lower internodes purplish red; sheaths shorter than the internodes, 
ciliate, otherwise glabrous or rarely puberulent between the nerves; ligules nearly obso- 
lete; blades ascending or spreading, 6 to 15 cm., rarely 18 cm. long, 7 to 18 mm. wide, 
thin but firm, often subfalcate, acuminate, narrowed toward the rounded base, usually 
ciliate at base, otherwise glabrous; panicles short-exserted, 5 to 9 cm. long, about 
two-thirds as wide, loosely flowered, the branches ascending or spreading; spikelets 
3 to 3.1mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, elliptic, abruptly short-pointed, pubescent; . 
first glume one-third to two-fifths as long as the spikelet, acute; second glume and 


a Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 8: 490. 1885. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 809 


sterile lemma more or less pustulate-papillose between the nerves, the glume slightly 
shorter than the usually involute-pointed sterile lemma; fruit 2.4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. 
wide, elliptic, minutely umbonate. 

Autumnal form widely spreading, bearing more or less divaricate branches from 
all the nodes, these primary branches longer than the internodes and branching from , 
all or from their upper nodes, the ultimate branchlets in short, dense fascicles, the 
reduced blades ascending, exceeding the numer- 
ous, small, partly included panicles; winter rosette 
a crown of a few short, leafy, basal shoots, with 
evident internodes. 

The type of P. joorti is an exceptional speci- 
men, having unusually large blades. The only 
other collection seen which entirely matches the 
type 1s Chase 4274 (Lake City, Florida), in which 
the blades are even a little longer than in Joor’s 
no.39. Harper’s no. 1106 (Georgia) and Tracy 120 
and 3318 (Mississippi) are much like the type. 
The type of P. manatense represents the usual 
form in its early autumnal state. As a whole this species has glabrous culms, sheaths, 
and blades, but occasional specimens more or less puberulent are found, such as 
Combs 860, Heller 4120, and Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 477. 

Three specimens with spikelets only 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long, and with more or less 
pubescence on culms and sheaths are doubtfully referred here: FLoripa: Orange Bend, 
Chase 4094. Louisiana: Burnside, Combs 1427; Plaquemines Parish, Langlois 39. 


Fia.348.—P. joorii. From typespecimen. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Low or swampy woods, southeastern Virginia to Florida, west to Texas and Arkansas; 
also in Mexico. 


VirerniA: Princess Anne County, Mackenzie 1794. 

SoutH Caro.ina: Isle of Palms, Chase 4550. 

GeoraiA: Burke County, Harper 767; Leslie, Harper 1106; Albany, Tracy 3655; 
Thomson, Bartlett 1501. 

Fiorina: Lake City, Chase 4274, Combs 144, Hitchcock 1011; Madison, Combs 
270; Chattahoochee, Curtiss 
in 1884; Quincy, Combs 412; 
Tallahassee, Combs 373; Old 
Town, Combs 860; Titusville, 
Chase 4019, Hitchcock 756, 760; 
Eustis, Nash 240 in part; 
Orange Bend, Chase 4099; El- 
dorado, Chase 4126; Gainesville 
Chase 4219, 4256; Dunnellon, 
Combs 921; Mary Esther, 
Tracy 9142; Bartow, Combs 
1237; Tampa, Combs 1393, 
1400, Hitchcock 947; Manatee, 
Hitchcock 976, Rugel 351, 378; Myers, Chase 4181, Hitchcock 909, Lee Co. PI. 
471; Alva, Hitchcock Lee Co. Pl. 477; Miami, Chase 3907, 3948, Haton 169, 
Hitchcock 576, 636, 652, 660, 674. 

ALABAMA: Chehaw, Hitchcock 577. 

Mississippi: Starkville, Chase 4468; Tracy 29 in 1889; Morrisville, Tracy 3387; 
Bludlebury, Tracy 3318; Lake, Tracy 120 in 1888; Meridian, Tracy 3266. 

ARKANSAS: Lafayette aatey, Heller 4120. 


Fig. 349.—Distribution of P. joorii. 


310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Louisiana: Rayville, Ball 25; Lake Charles, Chase 4430, 4437, Hitchcock 1142; 
Plaquemines Parish, Langlois 41 in part. 

Texas: Waller, Hitchcock 1207, 1208, Thurow in 1898; Houston, Hall 828 (Gray 
Herb.). 

Mexico: Cérdoba, Bourgeau in 1866 (Paris Herb.). 


187. Panicum equilaterale Scribn. 


Panicum equilaterale Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 42. pl. 2. 1898. 
Two specimens are cited as follows: ‘‘In pine lands [Eustis], Florida (No. 1120, George 
V. Nash, June, 1894); scrubby hammock lands [Eustis], Florida (No. 1674, George V. 
Nash, August, 1894).’? The plate cited above is drawn from Scribner’s specimen of 
Nash 1674, now in Hitchcock’s herbarium, which specimen is therefore the type. It 
consists of two culms 53 and 65 cm. high, one simple, the other producing short fas- 
cicled branches at the upper two nodes. The blades are 10 to 17 cm. long. 

Panicum epilifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 571. 1899. ‘“‘The type col- 
lected by the writer in a scrub hammock at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, March 12-31, 
1894, no. 45.”’ The type, in Nash’s herbarium, is the vernal form, with scarcely 
mature panicles. The longest blade is but 7.5 cm. long, but a duplicate specimen in 
the National Herbarium has blades as much as 10 cm. long. ‘Two species were dis- 
tributed under Nash’s no. 45, the other being P. commutatum. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants glossy, grayish green, in clumps of several to many culms, these 25 to 70 
em. high, stiff and erect, glabrous or nearly so, including the nodes; sheaths much 
shorter than the elongated internodes, or the upper two approximate, glabrous except for 
the densely short-ciliate margin; ligules nearly obsolete; blades firm, widely spreading 
or ascending, 6 to 17 cm. long, 6 to 14 mm. wide, very scabrous (the margins nearly 
parallel), often ciliate at the rounded orsubcordate base, acuminate, glabrous on both 
surfaces, often drying conduplicate; panicles 
usually short-exserted, loosely flowered, 5 to 
10 cm. long, two-thirds to three-fourths as 
wide, the branches ascending; spikelet 3.2 
mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, obovate-elliptic, 
obscurely pointed, pubescent; first glume half 
the length of the spikelet or more, rather 
remote, triangular, acute; second glume and 
sterile lemma subequal, barely covering the 
fruit at maturity; fruit 2.6 to 2.7 mm. long, 
1.25 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely umbonate. 
Fi. 350.—P. equilaterale. From typespecimen. Autumnal form erect or leaning, branching 

from the upper and middle nodes after the 
maturity of the primary panicle, these primary branches often longer than the inter- 
nodes and producing short, fascicled, appressed branchlets with reduced spreading 
blades from their uppermost nodes, the numerous small panicles partly included; 
winter rosette appearing late, the blades lanceolate, firm, sometimes ciliate. 

This species is distinguished from P. commutatum by its almost linear blades, which 
vary much in size but are characteristically parallel-margined, and by its branching 
from the uppermost nodes of both the primary culm and the branches; and from P, 
manatense, which branches in the same way, by the erect habit and rather distant 
first glume half as long as the spikelet. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 811 
DISTRIBUTION. 


In pine lands, hammocks, and sandy woods, South Carolina to southern Florida. 


SoutH Carotina: Isle of Palms, Ball 791, Chase 4537, 4549, Hitchcock 421. 

Fioripa: Duval County, Brake 
3600 A in part (Gray Herb.); 
St. Augustine, Ricker 943; Ce- 
dar Key, Combs 793; Apa- 
lachicola, Chapman; Pensa- 
cola, Tracy 8428; Grasmere, 
Combs 1053; Gainesville, Chase 
4241, 4258, Combs 737; Homos- 
sassa, Combs 9264; Crystal, 
Combs 1023; Clarcona, Preters 
116; Orange County, Baker 69; : 
Eustis, Chase 4063, 4122, Nash Fig. 351.—Distribution of P. equilaterale. 
45 in part, 1120, 1674; Clear- 
water, Tracy 7167; Palma Sola, Tracy 6713 in part; Sneeds Island, Tracy 6460, 
7050, 7051 in part: Miami, Chase 3908, Hitchcock 574, 633, 653, 655; Ormond, 
Fitchcock 575. 


188. Panicum albomaculatum Scribn. 


Panicum albomaculatum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 2. 1900. 
“Dry rocky hills, Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan [Mexico], October 10. C.G. Pringle, 
No. 5203, 1892.’ The type, in Hitchcock’s herbarium, consists of a tuft of primary 
culms with mature panicles, the culms beginning to branch from the lower nodes. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal culms tufted, 50 to 100 cm. high, arising from a knotty crown, erect, slender 
but stiff, minutely puberulent between the striz, at least below the glabrous nodes; 
sheaths long, the lower overlapping, minutely puberulent, more or less mottled with 
white spots, densely short-ciliate on the margin; ligules about 0.2 mm. long; blades 

firm, spreading or ascending, reflexed when old, 

8 to 17 cm. long, 9 to 15 mm. wide, linear- 

lanceolate, acuminate, rounded and ciliate at 

the base, roughish on the upper surface and 
with a narrow line of appressed pubescence 
along the very scabrous margins, glabrous or 
obscurely pubescent beneath; panicles long- 
_ exserted, ovate in outline, 10 to 16 cm. long, 
two-thirds to three-fourths as wide, loosely flow- 
ered, the axis and ascending branches glabrous; 
spikelets 2.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, obovate 
elliptic, obtuse, sparsely pubescent; first glume 
nearly or quite half the length of the spikelet, obtuse, or subacute; second glume 
and sterile lemma equaling the fruit at maturity; fruit 2.2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, 
elliptic, subacute. 
Autumnal form not known. 
Probably most nearly related to P. equilaterale Scribn. 


_ Fic, 352.—P. albomaculatum. From 
type specimen. 


ae CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Known only from type locality. 
Mexico: Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Pringle 5203. 


Latifolia.—Culms rather stout, usually more than 50 cm. high; ligules not over 1 mm. 
long; blades ample, usually more than 1.5 cm. wide, cordate; spikelets 2.7 to 4.5 
mm. long, rather turgid, pubescent, 7 to 9-nerved. Autumnal form not very 
freely branching. 


Sheaths strongly papillose-hispid, at least the lower and those 


ofsthe branches.-:2\.220242 25s. 45 eS 189. P.clandestinum. 
Sheaths glabrous or softly villous. 
Nodes glabrous; spikelets 3.4 to 3.7 mm. long ............. 190. P. latifolium. 
Nodes bearded; spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces.........-. I9L. Pa bese. 
Blades velvety beneath......-.......2.4---2:-+222-- 19a ea pesem molle: 


i189. Panicum clandestinum L. 


Panicum clandestinum L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in Jamaica, Pensylvania. 
Kalm.’’ In the Linnean Herbarium is a specimen marked ‘‘clandestinum K” 
[Kalm]in Linneeus’s writing, which is taken as the type since it is the only specimen 
so marked by Linnzus, and since it agrees with his description. The Jamaica locality 
is evidently based upon the Sloane phrase name and figure cited as synonym. This 
figure represents Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, a species to which Linnzeus’s 
description does not at all apply, for which reason the Jamaica locality is rejected. 
The Kalm specimen is the autumnal form, the secondary panicles inclosed in the 
sheaths, which are crowded at the summit. 

Milium clandestinum Moench, Meth. Pl. 204. 1794. Based on Panicum clandes- 
tinum L. 

Panicum latifolium clandestinum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 68. 1814. Based on 
P. clandestinum ‘‘Willd. sp. pl. 1. p. 351.’’ In Willdenow’s Species Plantarum the 
original Linnzean diagnosis, citations, and description are given, with reference to 
Op ble Sona 

Panicum pedunculatum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 141. 1823. ‘On the 
Island of New-York.’’ The type, in Columbia University Herbarium, is a vernal 
specimen 80 cm. high, beginning to branch, with an over-mature, long-exserted, 
primary panicle, the spikelets 2.8 mm. long. The accompanying label, in Torrey’s 
hand, reads ‘‘Panicum pedunculatum*” [followed by a brief diagnosis] ‘‘In wet 
meadows, among thickets. Aug.” 

Panicum clandestinum pedunculatum Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 426. 1843. Based on P. 
pedunculatum Torr. 

Panicum decoloratum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 570. 1899. ‘‘Collected by Mr. 
E. P. Bicknell on a sandy railroad bank at Tullytown, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1899.” 
The type, in. Nash’s herbarium, consists of four vernal specimens with partially 
included, immature panicles. The lower sheaths are papillose-hispid, less densely 
so than common in P. clandestinum, the upper glabrous. The immature spikelets 
are 2.7 mm. long. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form in large, dense clumps, sometimes with strong rootstocks, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; culms stout, 70 cm. to 1.5 meters high, erect, scabrous to papillose-hispid, at 
least below the nodes; sheaths as long as the internodes or overlapping until after the 


aSp. Pl. ed. 2. 86. 1762. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 313 


branches appear, loose, strongly papillose-hispid to nearly glabrous, a puberulent ring 
at the summit; ligules 0.5 mm. long; blades spreading or finally reflexed, 10 to 20 
cm. long, 1.2 to3 cm. wide, slightly tapering to the cordate-clasping base, acuminate, 
scabrous on both surfaces, at least toward the end, usually ciliate at the base; panicles 
finally rather long-exserted, 8 to 15 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, many-, 
flowered, the flexuous branches in distant fas- 
cicles, short spikelet-bearing branchlets in the 
axils; spikelets 2.7 to 3 mm. long, 1.4 to1.5 mm. 
wide, obovate-oblong, sparsely pubescent; first 
glume one-third the length of the spikelet, sub- 
acute or obtuse; second glume slightly shorter 
than the fruit and sterile lemma; fruit elliptic 
2.1 to 2.3 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide. 
Autumnal form erect or leaning, sparingly 
Fig. 353.—P. clandestinum. From typespeci- ae gee eID: maturity Gane 
men of P. pedunculatum Torr. primary panicle, from the middle and upper 
nodes, the branches leafy, the swollen, bristly 
sheaths overlapping on the shortened internodes and inclosing wholly or partially the 
secondary panicles; spikelets more turgid than those of the primary panicles. 
Occasional specimens, such as the type of P. decoloratum, and Eggert 114 and 253, 
Merrill 198, and one specimen of Small & Heller, Blowing Rock Mountain, Tenn., in 
1891 (a second being the ordinary form) are bristly only on the lower sheaths, the upper 
glabrous or only scabrous. ‘This lack of pubescence is not found to be correlated with 
smaller spikelets nor with scarcely-exserted panicles. In Andrews 11 the spikelets 
are exceptionally small, only 2.5 mm. long, but the sheaths and culms are bristly, 
and the developed panicle is long-exserted and an immature one scarcely exserted. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Moist, mostly sandy ground, Maine to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. 

Maine: Foxcroft, Fernald 292, 518; Farmington, Chamberlain & Knowlton in 
1902. 

New Hampsuire: Gilford, Carter 111 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

Vermont: Burlington, Flynn in 1900 (Hitchcock Herb.). 

MassacHuseEtts: South Hadley, Cook in 1887. 

Connecticut: Pine Meadow, Bissell 5544; Southington, Andrews 11, Bissell 5546; 
South Manchester, Hitchcock 583; South Glastonbury, Wilson 17; Greens 
Farms, Pollard 92; Oxford, 
Harger in Kneucker Gram. 
Exs. 424. 

RHODE ISLAND: Without locality, 
Congdon (Hitchcock Herb.). 

New York: Oneida County, Ha- 
berer 1257. 

New Jersey: Clifton, Nashin 1891; 
Stockholm, Van Sickle in 1895; 
Woodbury, Smith 112; South 
Amboy, Mackenzie 1360; Wild- 
wood, Chase 3513. Fig. 354,—Distribution of P. clandestinum. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 
1895 and 1897; Refton, Heller in 1901; Mount Hope, Heller 4781; Tullytown, 
Bicknell in 1899. 

Onto: Berea, Ashcroft in 1897; Cadiz Junction, Kellerman 67994; New Ply- 
mouth, Kellerman 6883; Vinton, Kellerman 6888. 


314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


InpIANA: Michigan City, Hill 158 in 1906; Brazil, Somes 231. 

Inu1no1s: Peoria, Brendel, McDonald in 1903; without locality, Wolf in 1882. 

MicuicAaNn: Port Huron, Dodge in 1904 and 1909. 

Missouri: St. Louis, Eggert 114, 253, Kellogg 18; Sibley, Bush 4003; Independ- 
ence, Bush 733. in part; Gomence Bush 3977: Allenton, Kellen in 1901; 
Monteer, Bush 4651, 4865. - 

Kansas: Pottawatomie County, Norton 878. 

DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons 27, 302; Centerville, Commons 300. 

MaryYLAND: High Island, Ward in 1878; West Chevy Chase, Chase 3272, Hitchcock 
432; Riverdale, Chase 2366. 

District or CotumBIA: Ball 702, Hitchcock 431, Kearney 21, 32, Merrill 198, Pol- 
lard 365, Scribner in 1894, Sudworth in 1890, Vasey in 1874 and 1887, Ward in 
1880, Williams 7. 

VirGINIA: Portsmouth, Noyes 68. 

West VireiniA: Aurora, Steele in 1898; Morgantown, Hitchcock 584; Fayette 
County, Kellerman 6900. 

Norts Carona: Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 804, 804b; Blowing Rock Mountain, 
Small & Heller in 1891; Heiligs Mill, Small & Heller 348; Magnetic City, 
Wetherby 32; Chapel Hill, Ashe, Chase 3078. 

SoutH Carona: Clemson College, House 2132. 

GEorGIA: Gwinnett County, Small in 1893: Stone Mounier Mitchcock 585; 
Clarke County, Harper 70. 

Fioripa: Without locality, Chapman. 

Kentucky: Poor Fork, Kearney 229. 

TENNESSEE: Wolf Creek, Kearney in 1897, Ruth 60; Ducktown, Chambliss 18, 78; 
Hiwassee Gorge, Kearney 330; Blowing Rock Mountain, Small & Heller in 
1891. 

AtaBAMA: Without locality, Buckley (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 

Mississippi: Starkville, Chase 4463. 

ARKANSAS: Northwest Arkansas, Harvey 32. 

Texas: Dallas, Reverchon in 1875 (Gray Herb.). 

OKLAHOMA: Supulpa, Bush 718 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


190. Panicum latifolium L. 


Panicum latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in America.’’ The type, in 
the Linnzan Herbarium, is a portion of a vernal culm with two leaves and a short- 
exserted but well-developed primary panicle. 

Milium tatifolium Moench, Meth. PI. 204. 1794. Based on Panicum latifolium L. 

Panicum macrocarpon LeConte in Torr. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 91.1819. No locality nor 
specimen is cited. In the Torrey Herbarium is a specimen with the following label 


a For a full discussion of the reasons for considering this specimen to be the type, 
see Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 118. 1908. The reasons are briefly: In the 
Linnean Herbarium are two sheets upon which Linneeus has written thename. One 
of these, which is Panicum zizanioides H. B. K., was received from Browne after the 
preparation of the manuscript of the Species Plantarum. The second sheet includes 
two vernal specimens, Panicum macrocarpon LeConte, and P. clandestinum L. The 
first of these is taken as the type as it corresponds better to the description. ‘The sheet 
marked ‘‘17 K latifolium,’’ meaning that the specimens were received from Kalm 
and the species is no. 17, P. latifolium, in the Species Plantarum. Appended to the 
original description, Linnzus cites two synonyms, one from Morison, which is prob- 
ably P. boscu Poir., and one from Sloane, which is P. sloanet Griseb. The Sloane 
specimen is suaeleed by some authors to be the type of P. latifolium, but the Sloane 
synonym is erroneously cited. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5 


in Torrey’s writing: “‘‘ Panicum macrocarpon Elliott’ LeConte.’’ Torrey’s note on 
this specimen would seem to have been written before the publication of the species 
as above, as he seetns to think LeConte credits the name to Elliott. Nodata aregiven 
on the label or sheet. No other specimen could be found in the herbarium that could 
be connected with LeConte’sname. If LeConte had a herbarium and if it bein exist- 
ence, its whereabouts is unknown. The above specimen, which is taken as the type 
of P. macrocarpon, is a single plant with simple culm and immature unexpanded 
panicle. 

Panicum schnecki Ashe, N..C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 116. 1900. ‘‘River bot- 
toms, southern Indiana and Illinois, June.’’ The type, in Ashe’s herbarium, consists 
of two culms, one sterile and one with an immature, scarcely-exserted meredle On 
the accompanying label with the printed heading ‘‘Herbarium of W. W. Ashe” is 
written in Ashe’s hand ‘‘ Panicum Schnecki W. W. Ashe,”’ but no data whatever are 
given. 

This is the species described by Torrey®@ as P. nervosum Muhl: Panicum macro- 
carpon LeConte, though published in his Catalogue seems to have been unknown to 
Torrey. 

DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal plants in clumps of few to several culms from a knotted crown; culms rather 
stout, 45 cm. to 1 meter high, erect, glabrous, or the lower internodes sometimes 
sparsely pubescent, the nodes glabrous, rarely with a few hairs; sheaths shorter than 
the internodes, ciliate on the margin, a pubescent ring at the juncture with the blade, 
otherwise glabrous, or the lower sparsely downy; ligules nearly obsolete; blades rather 
thin, ascending or spreading 8 to 18 
cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, the lower 
smaller, acuminate, cordate-clasping at 
the base, glabrous, rarely sparsely 
pubescent on one or both surfaces, short- 
ciliate at least toward the base; panicles 
usually short-exserted or sometimes 
finally long-exserted, 7 to 15 cm. long, 
about two-thirds as wide, the long, few- 
flowered, nearly simple branches stiffly 
ascending; spikelets rather short-pedi- 
celed, commonly more or less clustered 
in twos or threes, 3.4 to 3.7 mm. long, 
1.8 to 2 mm. wide, oval-obovate, turgid, 
sparsely pubescent; first glume one- 
third to half the length of the spikelet, pointed; second glume and sterile lemma 
scarcely covering the fruit at maturity; fruit 3 mm. long, 1.6 to 1.8 mm. wide, elliptic, 
minutely pubescent on the obscurely apiculate apex. 

Autumnal form more or less spreading, branching from the middle nodes, the upper 
leaves of the branches crowded and spreading, not much reduced, the small panicles 
partly included. 

In this species the culms, nodes, and leaves are typically glabrous, but occasional 
specimens show more or less pubescence. The following represent this variation: 
Dorner 89, Shear in 1899, Ward in 1880, Wetherby 53. 


a¥F\. North. & Mid. U.S. 148. 1823. 
6 See P. macrocarpon Torr. under P. scribnerianum, page 283. 


Fic. 355. —P. latifolium. From type specimen of 
P. macrocarpon LeConte. 


316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Rocky or sandy woods, Maine to Minnesota, south to North Carolina and Kansas. 


Marne: Orono, Fernald 346; Basin Mills, Knight 53; North Berwick, Parlin 1191; 
Fayette, Chase 3367; East Auburn, Merrill 1243. 

New Hampsurre: Surry, Fernald 276 (Gray Herb.). 

Vermont: Manchester, Day 216; Barnet, Blanchard in 1883. 

MassacuuseEtts: South Hadley, Cook in 1887. 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 44, Bissell 5548, 5549, 5550; Old Lyme, 
Graves 164; Montville, Graves 163; Waterford, Graves in 1898; Stratford, 
Hames in 1894; Oxford, Harge? in Kneucker Gram. Exs. 423. 

RuopE Istanp: Providence, Olney. 

New Yorr: Ithaca, Ashe, Coville in 1885, Dudley in 1885; Oxford, Coville in 
1884; Apalachin, Fenno 3, 5, 10, 11, 12; Cairo, Nash in 1893; Long Island, 
Bicknell in 1903 and 1905. 

Ontario: Galt, Herriot in 1898 and 1901; Queenstown Heights, Macoun 26326, 
26327; Tilsonburg, Macoun 26325. 

New Jersey: Clifton, Nash in 1892; Phillipsburg, Porter in 1892 and 1895; 
Mount Arlington, Mackenzie 1414. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, Porter in 1895, 1897, and 1898; Germantown, Stone in 
1889; Westchester, Windle in 
1904; McCalls Ferry, Rose & 
Painter 8135. 

Ouro: Niles, Ingraham in 1891; 
Lancaster, Kellerman 6766; 
Cadiz Junction, Kellerman 
6799. 

InpIANA: Miller, Chase 1541, Um- 
bach 1791 and in 1898; Pine, 
Umbach in 1896; Wells Coun- 
ty, Deam in 1903; Lafayette, 
Dorner 82. 

Inurors: Beverly Hills, Bebb 882, 
Chase 1824; Savanna, Chase 1887; Glasford, Wilcox 22, 41; Mossville, Chase 
889; Antioch, Gleason & Shobe 268; Peoria, Brendel, McDonald 33; Urbana, 
Waite in 1886; St. Clair County, Eggert 239; Wabash County, Schneck in 
1879 and 1905. 

MicuicaNn: Detroit, Farwell 1378; Port Huron, Dodge in 1909. 

Wisconsin: Newbold, Cheney 1545; Milwaukee, Chase 1947. 

Minnesota: Lindstrom, Taylor in 1892; Spring Grove, Rosendahl 487; Houston, 
Mearns 791. 

Iowa: Fayette County, Fink 593; Ames, Ball 40, 155, Ball & Sample 6; Iowa 
City, Shimek in 1894; Mount Pleasant, Mills in 1894. 

Missourt: McDonald County, Bush 91; Independence, Bush in 1884; Swan, 
Bush 8; Monteer, Bush 190; Courtney, Bush 1732, 3981; Sibley, Bush 4001, 
4807; Jefferson Barracks, Kellogg 17; Midway, EL. J. Palmer 1405. 

Kansas: Manhattan, Kellerman (Hitchcock Herb.). 

DELAWARE: Centerville, Commons 301 in part. 

MARYLAND: Garrett County, J. D. Smith in 1879. 

District oF CoLtumBiA: Shear in 1899, Ward in 1880. 

Virginia: Norfolk, Pollard & Mazon in 1900; Munden, Mackenzie 1709; Fairfax 
County, Hitchcock 587; Carroll County, Small in 1892; Peaks of Otter, 
Palmer 10. 

West Vrreinia: Aurora, Steele in 1898; Marlinton, Kellerman 6899. 


Fig. 356.—Distribution of P. latifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 317 


_ Norta Carortna: Magnetic City, Wetherby 53; Blowing Rock Mountain, Small 
& Heller 394; Biltmore, Hitchcock 588; Linville, Hitchcock 589; Grandfather 
Mountain, Hitchcock 433. 

Kentucky: Lexington, Short 5 (Gray Herb.). 
TENNESSEE: Roan Mountain, Hitchcock 586. 


191. Panicum boscii Poir. 


Panicum boscit Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 278.1816. ‘‘Cette plante a été 
recueillie 4 la Caroline par M. Bosc. (V.s. in herb. Desfont.).’’ The type, in the 
Desfontaines Herbarium, consists of three early autumnal culms, the blades nearly 
glabrous, the spikelets 4.1 mm. long. The accompanying label reads ‘‘ Panicum 
boscii poir. enc. Suppl. (scr. Poiret.) Amer. Sept. 4 Bosc.”’ 

Panicum walthert Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816, not P. walteri Pursh, 
1814. Based on ‘‘Panicum latifoliwm Mich. Flor. bor. Amer. 1. pag. 49.—Non 
Linn. * * * (V.s.in Herb. Mich.).”’ The specimen in the Michaux Herbarium 
under the name of P. latifoliwm, and labeled ‘‘in pratis sylvestris Virginie Caro- 
line,’’ is a somewhat pubescent autumnal specimen of P. boscii. Scribner @ uses 
this name (as P. walteri Poir.) for P. boscit. 

Panicum latifolium australis[e] Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 34. 1889. 
‘‘Alabama to Texas.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of two vernal 
culms, the sheaths and blades glabrous or nearly so, the spikelets 4.3 mm. long. The 
specimen was collected by Dr. Charles Mohr, at Thomasville, Clark County, Ala., 
April 16, 1888. 

Panicum porterianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 420. 1895. The author pro- 
poses a new name for “‘ Panicum latifolium Walt. Fl. Car. 73. 1788. Not Linnzeus, 
1753. Panicum Waltert Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816. Not Pursh, 1814. 
Panicum latifolium var. molle Vasey, Bull. Bot. Div., U. 8. Dept. of Agric. 8: 33. 
[error for 34] 1889.’’ No description is given. In Walter’s Flora Linneeus’s diagnosis 
of P. latifolium is copied with no additional description, and there is no specimen in 
Walter’s herbarium ® labeled P. latifolium by Walter. A fragmentary panicle and 
two leaves, doubtfully referable to P. commutatum Schult., labeled ‘‘ Panicum 469,”’ 
possibly may be the specimen to which Walter applied the name. In the absence of 
an authentic specimen, and because P. latifolium Walt. must be considered a misappli- 
cation of P. latifolium L., P. porterianum is here regarded as based upon the next 
name cited, P. walteri Poir. Since the name was given in honor of Dr. Porter, doubt- 
less because of his distinguishing this form from what he understood to be P. latifolium 
L., ¢ it is more fitting also that the name P. porterianum be based on the name which 
he applied to this form, that is, P. walteri Poir. 

This species has been described as P. latifolium L. by many American authors. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Vernal form resembling that of P. latifoliuwm, usually in larger clumps; culms 40 to 
to 70 cm. high, erect or ascending, glabrous or minutely puberulent, rarely somewhat 
papillose, the nodes retrorsely bearded; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, 
ciliate, a pubescent ring at the juncture with the blade, otherwise glabrous or sparsely 
downy-pilose; ligules about 1 mm. long; blades spreading, 7 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 
cm. wide, more or less tapering toward the sparsely ciliate, cordate base, acuminate, 
glabrous on both surfaces or puberulent on the lower and sparsely pubescent on the 


«Mem. Torrey Club. 5: 32. 1894. 

6 For an account of the grasses in Walter’s herbarium see Hitchcock, Rep. Mo. Bot. 
Gard. 16: 36. 1905. 

¢ Bull. Torrey Club 20: 194. 1893, 


318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


upper surface; panicles 6 to 12 cm. long, as wide or wider, the main axis and the 
flexuous spreading or ascending branches puberulent; spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long, 
2 to 2.2 mm. wide, oblong-obovate, less turgid than in P. latifoliwm, papillose- 
pubescent; first glume one-third to two-fifths the length of the spikelet, pointed; 
second glume slightly shorter than the fruit and sterile lemma at maturity; fruit 3.2 
to 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, elliptic, minutely pubescent, and usually black 
at the tip. 

Autumnal form as in P. latifoliwm, rather more freely branching, sometimes top- 
heavy reclining; spikelets more turgid than those of the primary panicles. 

As in P. commutatum, what appear to be simple, very leafy, autumnal culms are 
commonly formed by the replacing of the fallen primary summit by the uppermost 
branch. These culms are often 
recurved, the blades all turned into 
the plane of the branch, or even all 
to one side, from a twisting of the 
internodes, and more or less unsym- 
metrically expanded in the middle, 
the whole producing a very different 
aspect from that of the vernal form. 

This species is closely related to 
P. latifolium and is often difficult 
to distinguish from pubescent speci- 
mens of that species. 

The form distinguished by Vasey 
as P. latifolium australe can not be 
satisfactorily separated. Thelonger 

Fig. 357.—P. boscii. From type specimen. spikelets and blades narrowed to the 

base, or rather expanded in the 

middle,-are not correlated. Specimens with large spikelets are mostly of southern 

range, but those with blades strongly tapering to the base occur throughout, Andrews 

40, Connecticut, being a pronounced case. The following specimens represent this 

variation: Chase 4491, Combs 334, 337, 399, 683, Commons 361, Hall 828, Harper 1812, 

Mohr in 1888, Nash 2329. In most of the Alabama and Florida specimens the longer 

spikelets and tapering blades are correlated and might be given subspecific rank but 

for the more numerous intermediate specimens. The larger spikelets and tapering 
blades also occur in P. boscii molle. 

The following specimens are intermediate in character between P. boscii and P. 
boscvi molle, having blades more or less downy, or glabrous and downy blades on the 
same plant: Bush 303, 310, 3348, Chase 4501, Harper 1366, Tracy 3 in 1888. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods, Massachusetts to Oklahoma, south-to northern Florida and Texas. 


MassacHuseETts: Monson, Herb. Western High School of Washington (Biltmore 
Herb.). 

Connecticut: Southington, Andrews 40, Bissell 5552; Ledyard, Graves in 1897. 

New JERSEY: Byram Station, Fisher in 1897; Milburn, Mackenzie 2144. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Lancaster County, Heller 4771; Upper Darby, Smith 154. 

Onto: Painesville, Werner in 1886; Cincinnati, Lloyd 3597. 

InpIANA: Clarke County, Deam 5386, 6586. 

Tut1nots: Marshall County, V. H. Chase 1489; Jackson County, French in 1905; 
Tunnel Hill, Ridgway in 1902; Wabash County, Schneck in 1896. 

Missouri: Allenton, Kellogg 15; Pleasant Grove, Bush 303, 310, 323; Doniphan, 
Bush 276; Swan, Bush 26, 4534; Monteer, Bush 4652, 4908. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM.- 319 


DELAWARE: Wilmington, Commons in 1897; Centerville, Commons 361. 

MARYLAND: Chesapeake Beach, Hitchcock 1604; Riverdale, Chase 2374; Plum- 
mers Island, Hitchcock 590. 

District oF CoLumBIA: Ball 14, Kearney in 1897, Scribner in 1894, Sudworth in | 
1890, Vasey in 1884, Ward in 1876 and 1878. 

Viren: Rosslyn, Dewey 235; Glencarlyn, Dewey 280; Marion, Small in 1892; 
Ocean View, Kearney 1469; Virginia Beach, Kearney 1411. 

NortH Caroutna: Asheville, Canby 220; Biltmore, Hitchcock 591; Columbus, 
Townsend in 1897; West Raleigh, Coit 1293; Chapel Hill, Chase 3073; Spray, 
De Chalmot; without locality, Vasey in 1878. 

Sout Carona: Aiken, Ravenel; Clemson College, House 2136; Orangeburg, 
Hitchcock 19, 1412. 

Georaia: Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 222, Eggert 40; Clyo, Harper 1812; Dublin, 
Harper 1366; Thomson, Bart- : 
lett 1505; Tallulah Falls, Cuth- 
bert in 1899. 

Frorimwa: Chipola River, Curtiss 
K.; Tallahassee, Nash 2329; 
Monticello, Combs 334, 337; 
Quincy, Combs 399; Chipley, 
Combs 683. 

Kentucky: Pine Mountain, Kear- 
ney 258; without locality, 
Short. 

TENNESSEE: Franklin County, Fic. 358.—Distribution of P. boscii. 

Eggert 26 in 1897; Hiwassee 
Gorge, Kearney 325; White Cliff Springs, Scribner in 1890; Knox County, 
Kearney in 1894. 

AxaBama: Northern Alabama, Vasey in 1878; Scottsboro, Chase 4501; Pisgah to 
Tennessee River, Chase 4491; Auburn, Hitchcock 1320; Montgomery, Carver 
64; Dadeville, Pollard & Maxon 136; Talladega Springs, Pollard & Maxon 247; 
Thomasville, Mohr in 1888. 

Mississippi: Meridian, Tracy 3252; Starkville, Tracy 3 in 1888; Jackson, Hitch- 
cock 1300. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 7. 

Louisiana: Calhoun, Hitchcock 1272; Shreveport, Hitchcock 1244. 

Texas: Monterey, Reverchon 4144 b; Houston, Hall 828 in part; without locality, 
Nealley in 1889. 

Ox.taHoMA: Without locality, Butler 43 (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 


191a. Panicum boscii molle (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase. 


Panicum latifolium molle Vasey U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 34. 1889. 
‘Virginia to Louisiana.’’ The type, in the National Herbarium, consists of two vernal 
plants, with softly villousculmsand sheaths, bearded nodes, and nearly mature primary 
panicles. The accompanying label in Vasey’s hand reads: ‘‘ Panicum latifolium var. 
molle Vasey, a state downy all over, Washington, D. C.,¢ L. F. Ward.”’ 

Panicum walteri molle Porter, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 194. 1893. Presumably based 
on P. latifolium molle Vasey, since ‘‘(Vasey)’’ is given as authority, though Vasey’s 
combination is not cited. 


a ‘“‘Washington, D. C.,’’ was commonly given as locality for the surrounding region, 
and the specimens may have been collected on the Virginia side of the Potomac as 
indicated in the range given. 


320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Panicum pubifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 577.1899. ‘“‘P. latifolium var. 
molle Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 33.1892. Not P. molle Sw. 1788,”’ is cited 
and a description follows. As no type is cited this is evidently primarily a change of 
name, based on P. latifolium molle Vasey. 

Panicum boscit molle Hitche. 
& Chase in Robinson, Rhodora 

10: 64.1908. Based on ‘‘P. lati- 
folium var. molle Vasey.”’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Closely resembling P. boscii 
and often scarcely to be distin- 
guished from it; culms on the 
average notso tall, downy-villous; 
sheaths rather sparsely villous; 
blades velvety on the under sur-. 
face, sparsely appressed - pubes- 

» 1G. 359.—P, boscii molle. From type specimen. cent on the upper; panicle axis 
and branches puberulent and 
somewhat pilose; spikelets rather more strongly pubescent than in the species. 

The Florida specimens, together with Biltmore Herbarium 5185b, Dewey 73 and Steele 
in 1896, have spikelets mostly larger than 4.5 mm. long, and correspond with the varia- 
tion of the species which includes P. latifolium australe Vasey. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods, Connecticut to Illinois and Arkansas, south to Florida and Louisiana. 


Connecticut: Norwalk, Bissell 5551. 

New York: Long Island, Bicknell in 1903, 1904, and 1905. 

New Jersey: Great Notch, Nash in 1893. 

PENNSYLVANIA: Germantown, Stone in 1889; Easton, Porter in 1891, 1895, and 
1898; Westchester, Windle in 
1904; Haines Station, Heller 
4779. 

Ouro: Cincinnati, James. 

Inuinois: Union County, French 
in 1872. 

MissourI: Monteer, Bush 754; 
Noel, Bush 5060. 

DetawaRE: Newark, Hitchcock 


592. 
District oF CoLumBIA: Ball 703, 
Mitchcock 435, Merrill 202, 203, Fig. 360.—Distribution of P. boscii molle. 


Pieters in 1896, Pollard 412, 
Seaman in 1873, Steele in 1896, Vaseyin 1873 and 1884, Wardin 188] and 1882. 

Vireinia: Glencarlyn, Dewey 73, 92; Four-Mile Run, Hitchcock 434, 436; Bel- 
field, Meynke in 1904; Portsmouth, Noyes 104. 

Nortu Caroutwa: Asheville, McCarthy in 1888; Biltmore, Biltmore Herb. 5185a, 
5185b; Chapel Hill, Chase 3054. 

SoutH Carouina: Newry, House 2211. 

Grorota: Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 1344; Gwinnett County, Small in 1893; Cobb 
County, Wilson 27; Athens, Harper 15; Warm Springs, Tracy 8868; Augusta, 
Cuthbert 392, 1162. . 

Fiormwa: Lake City, Hitchcock 10104, Rolfs 817; Chattahoochee, Curtiss 6047 
(Hitchcock Herb.); Madison, Combs 295; Gainesville, Chase 4208, Combs 738. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 321 


Kentucky: Irvine, Biltmore Herb. 9959f (Biltmore Herb.). 

TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth 70, Scribner in 1892; Madison County, Bain 189. 

AuaBaMa: Aubtirn, Hitchcock 1321. 

Mississippi: Fairport, Tracy 3205; Jackson, Hitchcock 1301; Starkville, Tracy in 
Pollard Dist. Miss. Pl. 1409. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, Plank 16, 46. 

Louistana: Covington, Langlois 41 in part; Calhoun, Hitchcock 1283. 


MISCELLANEOUS SPECIES. 
192. Panicum obtusum H. B. K. 


Panicum obtusum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 98. 1815. ‘‘Crescit in planitie 
montana regni Mexicani prope Guanaxuato et Burras, in humidis, alt. 1080 hexap.’’ 
The type specimen, in the Bonpland Herbarium, is labeled: ‘‘Panicum obtusum 
Kunth, Synops. 174, in planitie montana Regni Mexicani, prope Guanaxuato, 1080 
hex. No. 4204.”’ 

Panicum polygonoides C. Muell. Bot. Zeit. 19: 323. 1861. ‘‘America septentrio- 
nalis, ubi forsan in Texas legit T. Drummond (Coll. No. 371).’’ The type specimen, 
bearing the published data, is in the Berlin Herbarium. 

Panicum repente Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 3. 1866. No speci- 
men nor locality within Texas is cited. The type specimen could not be found in 
the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy, where the Buckley collections are 
deposited. The description amply identifies the species. 

Brachiaria obtusa Nash in Britton, Man. 77. 1901. Based on Panicum obtusum 
H. B. K. In this species the spikelets are placed with the back of the fruit to the 
axis (that is the first glume turned from the axis) as characteristic of true Panicum, 
not in the reverse position which characterizes Brachiaria.@ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, usually tufted from a more or less knotted rootstock, and produc- 
ing widely creeping stolons, sometimes 2 or more meters long, with long internodes, 
and geniculate, swollen, conspicuously villous nodes, these often with a knob-like 
cluster of hairy scales at the base of the extra- 
vaginal, erect branches, these clusters being pro- 
duced sometimes when the branch is not developed; 
culms wiry, compressed, 20 to 80 cm. high, simple, 
usually decumbent at base, glabrous, the nodes 
glabrous; sheaths shorter than the internodes, glab- 
rous, or the lower and those of the stolons some- 
times villous; ligules membranaceous, about 1 mm. 
long; blades 3 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide, erect, 
firm, usually involute-setaceous toward the tip, 
glabrous on both surfaces or sometimes with a few 
long hairs on the upper surface at the base; pani- 
clé usually short-exserted, 3 to 12 cm. long, about 1 
cm. wide, the few, appressed, raceme-like branches 
densely flowered; spikelets short-pediceled along 
one side of a slightly flattened rachis, 3 to 3.8 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide, and 
about 2 mm. thick, obovoid, blunt, glabrous, usually brownish; first glume nearly 


Fig. 361.—P. ohtusum. From type 
specimen. 


. @The genus Brachiaria Ledeb. (Fl. Ross. 4: 469. 1853) is based upon Panicum 
eruciformis Sibth., in which the spikelets are placed with the back of the fruit turned 
from the rachis. gi 


41616°—vo1 15—10—_21 


S22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


as long as the spikelet, 5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, 7 to 
9-nerved, the lemma subtending a rather firm palea and a staminate flower; fruit 3 to 
3.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide, subacute, smooth and shining, but very obscurely 
pubescent at the apex. 

The Brazilian species, P. repandum Nees, is the only known species related to 


P.. obtusum. 
DISTRIBUTION. 


Sandy or gravelly soil, mostly along the banks of rivers, arroyos, and irrigation 
ditches, western Missouri and Colorado to Texas and Arizona and southward to south- 
ern Mexico. . 

Missourtr: Kansas City, Bush 1832, 3107 (Gray Herb.). 

Kansas: Stanton County, Hitchcock Pl. Kan. 572. 

Texas: Dallas, Hall 827, Reverchon 1079 and in 1879; Kerrville, Heller 1741, Smith 
in 1897; Waller County, Thurow in 1898 and 1906; Llano, Plank in 1892; 
Amarillo, Ball 1139; Fort Worth, Ward in 1877; Abilene, Tracy 7935; Bexar 
County, Jermy 6; San Antonio, Plank in 1893; El Paso, Jones 4168; Fort 
Davis, Havard in 1881; Kingsville, Piper in 1906; Texline, Griffiths 5612; 
without locality, Buckley in 1881; Nealley in 1887. 

OxLAHOMA: On the False Washita, Palmer 370 in 1868. 

Cotorapo: Rocky Ford, Griffiths 3309; Canyon City, Shear 975; Trinidad, Shear 
in 1900; Las Animas County, Chase 5406. 

New Mexico: Cabra Spring, Pease in 1878; McCarty, Munson & Hopkins in 
1889; Socorro, Plank 76, Vasey 
in 1881; Gray, Skehan 94, 97; 
Cimarron Canyon Griffiths 
5542; Roswell, Earle 301; Las 
Cruces, Wooton 1068; Silver 
City, Metcalfe 749; Mesilla, 
Wooton 64; Mesilla Park, 
Mitchcock 3830; Deming, 
Mitchcock 3763; Grant County, 
Blumer 205, Smith in 1897; 
White Water, Mearns 2308; 
without locality, Vasey in 1881, 
Wright 2092. 

Arizona: Moki Reservation, Hough 80; Beaver Creek, MacDougal 569, Rusby 
864, 8921; Toumeyin 1891; Santa Rita Mountains, Griffiths 3405, 6959, 7288, Gri/- 
fiths & Thornber in 1902; St. Johns, Griffiths 5196; Holbrook, Zuck in 1896; 
Tucson, Griffiths 1514, 1546; Benson, Griffiths 2006, Hitchcock 3737; Pearce, 
Griffiths 1935; Sulphur Spring Valley, Forbes 1645; Patagonia, Hitchcock 3646, 
3661; Fort Huachuca, Wilcox in 1894; San Pedro River, Mearns 1130; Bisbee, 
Mearns 925; San Bernardino Ranch, Mearns 773; near Monument 88 (Mexi- 
can Boundary), Mearns 1845. 

Mexico:. La Ventura, Nelson 3908; Saltillo, Palmer 394 in 1898; Chihuahua, 
Nelson 6352, Pringle 476; Nogales, Griffiths 6800; Durango, Palmer 175 in 1896; 
Conception del Oro, Palmer 266 in 1904; San Luis Potosi, Palmer 590 in 1898, 
Parry & Palmer 960, Schaffner 148; Faral, Schumann 1714. 


Fic. 362.—Distribution of P. obtusum. 


193. Panicum hemitomon Schult. 


Panicum walteri Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 115. 1816, not Pursh, 1814. ‘‘ Grows in 
damp soils. On Charleston neck, common. Macleod’s pond, 64 miles from Savan- . 
nah, on the Ogechee road.’’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of the 
upper portions of two culms, one sterile, the other with animmature panicle. Attached 
to this specimen is a label which reads: ‘‘Panicum Walteri mihi. Hab. in humidis 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 3238 


circa stagnum, 64 a Sav: versus Oquechee. Flor: Ma. 478.’’ Elliott gives ‘‘P. 
dimidiatum, Walt. p. 72” as a synonym. 

Panicum waltert Muhl. Descr. Gram. 108. 1817, not Pursh, 1814. No locality nor 
specimen is cited, but after the description the author adds ‘“‘P. dimidiatum Walter 
secundum Elliott.’’ The specimen in the Muhlenberg Herbarium is labeled ‘‘ Pani- 
cum dimidiatum Walter, Ell. 478,’’ and is evidently a duplicate of Elliott’s specimen. 

Panicum hemitomon Schult. Mant. 2: 227. 1824. Based on Panicum walteri Muhl. 

Panicum carolinianum Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 310. 1825. Sprengel’s name appears 
to be based on P. walteri Ell. as he cites after the brief description, ‘‘ Carol. austr. (P. 
Walteri Ell.).’’ 

Panicum carinatum Torr. in Curtis, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1835, not 
Presl, 1830. ‘‘Hab. swamps,’’ [around Wilmington, N. C.]. Curtis’s specimen, 
labeled ‘‘Panicum carinatum n. sp. Tor. mss. North Carolina. Mr. M. A. Curtis,’’ is 
in the Torrey Herbarium. ‘This is taken as the type since Torrey evidently intended 
this as a new species, although “‘P. Walteri Ell.’’ is cited as a synonym. 

Panicum digitarioides Carpenter; Curtis, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 7: 410. 1849, not 
Rasp. 1833. This is mentioned as a synonym under P. carinatum Torr., Curtis 
doubtless taking the name from specimens distributed by Carpenter under this name. 
Such a specimen, collected by ‘‘W. M. Carpenter, prairie ponds, Opelousas & Attack- 
opay La.,’’ is in the Gray Herbarium. The species is later described by Steudel 4 
under this name, his description being a translation of that of Curtis. 

Panicum curtisti Chapm. Fl. South. U. 8. 573. 1860, not Steud. 1854. This is pro- 
posed as a new name for ‘‘P. Walteri, E/l., not of Poiret nor Pursh. P. carinatum, Torr., 
in Curtis’s Plants, Wilmington, not of Pres!/.’’ 

Brachiaria digitarioides Nash, in Britton, Man. 77. 1901. Based on Panicum digi- 


tarioides Carpenter. 
DESCRIPTION. 


Plants aquatic or semiaquatic, with extensively creeping rootstalks often producing 
numerous sterile shoots with overlapping, sometimes densely hirsute sheaths, and 
blades 10 to 25 cm. long and 8 to 12 mm. wide, strigose on one or both surfaces; fertile 
culms erect, 0.5 to 1.5 meters or more high, stout, usually hard, rarely rather soft and 
flaccid about the water line, glabrous; submerged sheaths rather loose and papery, 
often nodulose, aerial sheaths shorter than the internodes, close, glabrous or ciliate 
on the margin, rarely hirsute toward the summit like those 
of the sterile shoots, or the lower hirsute throughout; ligules 
lacerate-ciliate, about 1 mm. long; blades ascending or 
spreading, 10 to 25cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, acuminate, 
rounded at base, firm, usually scabrous on the upper sur- 
face, smooth below; panicles short-exserted, 15 to 30 cm. 
long, very narrow, the branches erect or ascending, solitary 
or 2 or 3 in a fascicle, the lower distant, gradually approxi- 
mate upward, 2 to 10 cm. long, bearing short, appressed 
branchlets or subsessile spikelets along the triquetrous, 
Fig. 363.—P. hemitomon. scabrous rachis; spikelets 2.4 to 2.7 mm. long, 0.8 to 1 mm. 

eh th intde wide, lanceolate, acute, often slightly laterally compressed 

berg Herbarium. (that is the glumes so keeled that the spikelet lies on its 
side); first glume clasping, about half the length of spikelet, 

acute, 3-nerved; second glume strongly keeled, somewhat boat-shaped, acute, 3 to 5- 
nerved, slightly shorter than the 5-nerved sterile lemma, the latter inclosing a mem- 
branaceous, scabrous-nerved palea of nearly equal length; fruit 2.3 to 2.5mm. long, 0.7 
mm. wide, slightly boat-shaped, elliptic, acute, smooth and shining, not rigid, the mar- 
gins of the lemma inrolled toward the base only, the apex of the palea scarcely inclosed. 

In this species the spikelets rarely perfect their grains. P.hemitomon departs some- 
what from the typical species of Panicum in that the fruit is less rigid and the tip of 


a Syn. Pl, Glum. 1; 75, 1854. 


324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


the palea is not entirely inclosed by the fertile lemma. In these characters and in 
its inflorescence and aquatic habit it approaches Hymenachne. 

In some parts of Florida this species, known as ‘‘maiden cane,’’ becomes a 
troublesome weed in cultivated soil on account of the creeping rootstocks. In this 
situation it very rarely produces flowering culms. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


In moist soil, along river banks and ditches, borders of lakes and ponds, often in 
water, Delaware to Florida and west to Texas. 

DELAWARE: Millsboro, Commons 23 in 1884. 

NortH CAROLINA: Burgaw, Hyams; Wilmington, Kearney 269. 

SoutH Caro.Lina: Society Hill, Curtis (Gray Herb.). 

Groraia: Sumter County, Harper 1007. 

Fioripa: Jacksonville, Curtiss 3585, 4811, Kearney 157; Baldwin, Combs 69; 
Lake City, Combs 87, 206; 
Madison, Combs 287; De 
Funiak Springs, Combs 443; 
Econfina, Combs 680; Eustis, 
Nash 745; Lake Harris, Chase 
4121; Homosassa, Combs 960; 
Elizey, Combs 832; Bronson, 
Combs 836; Waldo, Combs 711; 
Braidentown, Combs 1270, 
1323; Palma Sola, Tracy 6731; 
Tampa, Garber in 1876; Bar- 
tow, Combs 1195; Hastings, Fic. 364.—Distribution of P. hemitomon. 
Tracy 8847; Jensen, Hitchcock 
744; Myers, Hitchcock 863; Orange Glade, Eaton 574; Miami, Hitchcock 696; 
without locality, Rugel 347. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1882. 

Lovurstana: Pointe ala Hache, Langlois 46 in 1879; New Orleans, Drummond 461. 

Texas: Big Sandy, Reverchon 2341; Hempstead, Hall 820; Waller, Thurow in 
1898; Kounze, Nealley 40 in 1892; without locality, Drummond 367. 


194. Panicum ciliatissimum Buckl. 


Panicum ciliatissimum Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 4. 1866. 
‘“‘Northern Texas.’’ The type 
is in the herbarium of the 
Philadelphia Academy. No lo- 
cality is given on the label other 
than ‘‘Texas.”’ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, producing 
long, leafy stolons, with short 
internodes, rooting at the swollen 
nodes, the sheaths mostly longer 
than the internodes but usually 
not inclosing them, the blades : 
short, firm, and divaricately Fic. 365.—P. ciliatissimum. From type specimen. 
spreading; flowering culms usu- 
ally sparingly branching, erect or ascending, 15 to 40 cm. high, glabrous, the 
nodes bearded; sheaths sparsely, or sometimes rather densely, pilose, mostly shorter 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 825 


than the internodes; ligules densely hairy, less than 1 mm. long; blades 3 to 7 cm. 
long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering from near the rounded base to a sharp point, flat, 
puberulent or glabrous, usually ciliate along the lower portion of the thick, white 
margin; panicles finally long-exserted, 3 to 6 cm. long, rarely over 1 cm. wide, the 
few, erect branches bearing approximate, short-pediceled spikelets, placed with the 
back of the fruit turned from the rachis, that is the first glume toward the rachis; 
spikelets 4 mm. long, about 1.8 mm. wide, pointed; first glume three-fourths the length 
of the spikelet or more, cuneate, 5-nerved, glabrous, or with a few silky hairs at the 
very base; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, exceeding the fruit, 5-nerved, 
the internerves densely silky pubescent, or in the lemma sometimes nearly glabrous, 
the portion from the lateral nerves to the margins densely clothed with white and 
glistening silky hairs, the sterile palea about two-thirds as long as its lemma; fruit 
3 mm. long, about 1.6 mm. wide, ellipsoid, apiculate, transversely rugose. 

This species is somewhat doubtfully retained in Panicum. The racemose inflores- 
cence and the reversed position of the silky, pointed spikelets show relationship 
with Eriochloa, in which, however, 
the first glume is nearly obsolete. It 
is most nearly allied to Panicum cimi- 
cinum (L.) Retz., an East Indian 
species. 


ia, : 


a 
! rma Winc wapectis ce i 


i 
i} 
i 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Open sandy ground, Arkansas and 
Texas. 

ARKANSAS: Benton County, 
Plank 8. 

Texas: Austin, Hall 824; Abilene, 
Tracy 7955; San Diego, Smith Fic. 366.—Distribution of P. ciliatissimum. 
in 1897; Pena, Nealley 31 in 
1891; Elsordo, Griffiths 6441, 6445; Torrecillas, Griffiths 6432; Encinal, Griffiths 
6381; western Texas, Buckley; without locality Nealley in 1887, 1889, and 
1892, Reverchon in 1885. 


195. Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. 


Panicum oryzoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788, not Ard. 1764. ‘* Jamaica.”’ 
The type is in the Swartz Herbarium. 

Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 100. 1815. “‘ Crescit in calidissimis 
regnt Novogranatensis, in ripa fluminis Magdalene, inter Borjorque et Los Paxarales de 
Sogamozo.’’ The specimen of this in the Bonplond Herbarium is not from the pub- 
lished locality, but ‘‘in calidissimis regni Mexicani prope Queretaro.’’ A specimen 
from Humboldt in the Willdenow Herbarium is from ‘‘Amer. merid,’’ and may be 
the type. 

? Panicum balbisianum Schult. Mant. 2: 254. 1824. Based on ‘‘ Panicum aturense 
Herb. Balbis n. 2578.”” “In S. Domingo. D. Bertero”’ is also cited. We have not 
seen either of these specimens, but the description appears to apply to P. zizanioides 
to which Doell@ refers this name. 

Panicum grandiflorum Trin.; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 143. 1829. This is given as a 
synonym of P. zizanioides and credited to ‘‘ Herb. Triniz.’? No specimen so named 
was found in the Trinius Herbarium. 

Panicum pseudoryzoides Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 75. 1854. The only specimen 
cited is ‘‘P. oryzoides Salzm. * * * Bahia.’’ A specimen of this was examined 
in the De Candolle Herbarium. 


a Mart. Fl. Bras. 22: 228. 1877. 


826 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The name P. latifolium L. has been applied to this species by some authors but 
the type of the former belongs to a very different species.@ 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, decumbent at base, rooting and rather sparingly branching at 
the lower nodes; culms spreading or ascending, 0.5 to 1 meter long beyond the decum- 
bent. base, rather robust, more or less angled, glabrous, rarely with a few appressed 
hairs below the glabrous nodes; sheaths densely short-ciliate, otherwise glabrous or 
papillose-hirsute toward the summit; ligule nearly obsolete; blades 4 to 15 cm. long, 
8 to 30 mm. wide, cordate-clasping, acuminate, glabrous or rarely with a few 
appressed hairs; panicles short-exserted, 10 to 25 cm. long, composed of a few ascend- 
ing or appressed, stiff, slender 
branches 3 to 10 cm. long, 
bearing throughout their length 
short, appressed branchlets with 
more or less secund spikelets, 
mostly two on each branchlet, 
one nearly sessile, the other on 
a pedicel about as long as the 
spikelet, the branchlets angled, 
scabrous; spikelets 5.5 to6 mm. 
long, 2 to 2.6 mm. wide, and as 
thick or thicker, obovoid, ab- 
ruptly short-pointed, glabrous; 
first glume about two-thirds 
the length of thespikelet, acute, 
3 to 5-nerved, second glume and 
sterile lemma equal, abruptly 
contracted into a short, keeled 

Fic. 367.—P. zizanioides. From specimen in Bonpland tip, 5-nerved, the lateral nerves 

Merbeinen of the lemma usually obsolete 

below the summit, the sterile 

palea about two-thirds as long as its lemma; fruit 4.7 to 5 mm. long, 1.8 to 2 mm. 

wide, becoming dark brown at maturity, smooth and shining, the lemma somewhat 

boat-shaped and with a short erose, laterally compressed crest at the apex, the apex 
of the palea similarly compressed and bent outward. 

Closely related to P. zizanioides is Panicum paucispicatum Morong® from Paraguay, 
which is distinguished from this by the smaller panicles, pubescent spikelets, and a 
more pronounced crest to the fertile lemma. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Woods and copses, Mexico, West Indies, and south to Paraguay. 


Mexico: Ocuilopa, Nelson 3023; Trapiche de la Concepcion, Liebmann 394; San 
Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 624. 

GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Vera Paz, Tuerckheim 7699, 7700, 8785, 8796. 

Costa Rica: La Florida, Pittier 11276; Talamanca, Tonduz 8566; San Rafael, 
Pittier 2598. 


a For a further discussion see Hitchcock, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 118. 1908. One of 

the sheets upon which Linnzeus has written the name ‘“‘latifolium”’ is P. zizanioides. 

But this was received from Browne in Jamaica after the publication of the first edition . 

of Linnzeus’s Species Plantarum and hence could not be the type of P. lanolin: 
6b Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 7: 262. 1893: 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. Beir 


Cusa: Laguna Castillano, Baker 4334; Sancti Spiritus, Zeén 903; without locality, 
Wright 3466. 

Jamaica: Gordon Town, Hart 726; Port Antonio, Mazon 2109. 

CotomBIA: Santa Marta, Smith 169. 

VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1634 (Gray Herb.). 

Toxsaao: Eggers 5810. 

TrinipaD: Broadway 2563, Botanic Gardens Herb. 2286, 3188. 

BritisH GuIANA: Jenman 6001. 

Durcn Guiana: Surinam, Hostmann (Gray Herb.). 

Braziu: Santarem, Spruce 706; San Gabriel da Cachoeira, Spruce 2344; Organ 
Mountains, Wilkes Expl. Exped. 8; Rio Janeiro, Widgren in 1844; without 
locality, Riedel 960. 

ParaGcuay: Morong 536, 1001. 

Ecuapor: Recreo, Eggers 15422 (Field Mus. Herb.). 


196. Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. 


Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 117. 1816. ‘‘Collected near 
Savannah, by Dr. Baldwin.”’ The type, in the Elliott Herbarium, consists of the 
upper part of a culm, being a panicle and the uppermost leaf. 

Panicum monachnoides Desv. Opusc. 86. 1831. ‘‘Habitat in Brasilio.’”? The type 
is in the Desvaux Herbarium. The locality given is doubtless an error as is the case 
with many of Desvaux’s specimens. 

Panicum drummondii Nees; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 63. 1854. ‘‘Drum[m]ond legit 
in N. Orleans.’’ In the Berlin Herbarium is a specimen labeled ‘‘Panicum Drum- 
mondii N. ab E. in Herb. Lindh. New Orleans n. 574,’’ which is probably the type. 

Phanopyrum gymnocarpum Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 104. 1903. Based 
on Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. Rafinesque@ proposed Phanopyrum as a. section of 
Panicum, including the single species P. gymnocarpon. 
This section was raised to generic rank by Nash,® the dis- 
tinguishing characters being the acuminate equal glumes 
and the short fertile lemma. This species departs somewhat 
from the usual characters of the genus Panicum, but the 
divergence does not seem sufficient to justify segregating 
the single species as the type of a separate genus. 


DESCRIPTION. 


Plants perennial, with a succulent, decumbent or creep- 
ing base, sometimes as much as 2 meters long, rooting at 
the nodes, glabrous throughout; culms erect or ascending, 
60 to 100 cm. high, rather thick and succulent, nodes often 
dark colored; sheaths shorter than the internodes, sometimes 
ciliate near the summit, ligules membranaceous, about 1 mm. 
long, decurrent down the margin of the sheath; blades linear- 
lanceolate, 20 to 35 cm. long, or the upper and lower shorter, 
usually 15 to 25 mm. wide, flat, scarcely narrowed at the 
cordate, sparingly ciliate base, narrowed from about the mid- 
dle to the acute apex, margins very scabrous; panicles finally 
exserted, 20 to 40 cm. long, about three-fourths as wide, con- 
sisting of several to many racemes, solitary or fascicled along 
a main axis, the racemes stiffly ascending, or somewhat spreading, the middle 8 to 
12 cm. or occasionally as much as 18 cm. long, usually spikelet-bearing from base, 
the spikelets short-pediceled on short, appressed branchlets, thus appearing in 


Fic. 368.—P. gymnocarpon. 
From type specimen. 


@ Bull. Bot. Seringe 220. 1830. b Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 104. 1903. 


328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


somewhat scattered clusters; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long, about 1.2 mm. wide, 
and, by the spreading of the glumes, about twice as thick, strongly nerved; first 
glume nearly as long as the sterile lemma, acuminate-pointed, the second 
glume exceeding the sterile lemma, both much exceeding the fruit and at 
maturity spreading and exposing it, acuminate-pointed, the summit of the lemma 
arcuate, the sterile palea obsolete; 
fruit 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ob- 
ovate, stipitate, smooth and shining. 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Ditches and muddy banks of streams 
and lakes, Georgia and Florida to Texas. 


Groroia: Americus, Harper 522. 

Fioripa: Burnside, Combs 1426; 
without locality, Chapman, 
Rugel 599, Simpson in 1890. 

ALABAMA: Mobile, Mohr in 1887. 

MississipPr: Saratoga, Tracy 8396. 

Lourstana: Plaquemines Parish, Langlois 47, 151; Chalmette, Tracy 7400; 
Alexandria, Hale; Natchitoches, Ball 157; Lake Charles, Chase 4407. 

Texas: Harrisburg, Joor in 1875; Mineola, Reverchon 2235; Columbia, Bush 1498; 
Hempstead, Plank 9; Waller County, Thurow 17, and in 1889. 


Fig. 369.—Distribution of P. gymnocarpon. 


26A. Panicum decolorans H. B. K. 


Panicum decolorans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 100. 1815. ‘‘Crescit in temperatis, 
apricis regni Mexicani prope Queretaro, alt. 995 hexap.’’ The type specimen from the 
Bonpland Herbarium in the Paris Herbarium, bearing the published data, consists of 
two pieces of a culm with flat blades, one 
with a narrow terminal panicle about 18 
em. long. The spikelets are 5 to 5.2 
mm. long. 

Plants tinged with purple, branching 
from the base; culms ascending or erect, 
usually from a geniculate base, simple or 
bearing simple, usually sterile branches 
from the lower one or two nodes, strongly 
striate or almost grooved, glabrous to 
sparsely papillose-hispidulous, the nodes 
appressed-pubescent or glabrous; sheaths 
short, but sometimes overlapping on the 
shortened lower internodes, glabrous to 
sparsely papillose-hispid, ciliate; ligules 
membranaceous-fimbriate, hardly 1 mm. 
long; blades 8 to 15 cm. long, 7 to 10 mm. 
wide, flat, glabrous on both surfaces or with a few scattered papillz, these with or 
without short, stiff hairs; panicles finally exserted, 10 to 18 cm. long, usually not 
more than one-third, but sometimes as much as two-thirds as wide, the rather long 
branches usually narrowly ascending, the short-pediceled spikelets somewhat crowded 
on approximate, short, appressed branchlets; spikelets 4.5 to 5.2 mm. long, 1.6 mm. 
wide, pointed; first glume less than half the length of the spikelet, acute; second 
glume and sterile lemma subequal, exceeding the fruit and pointed beyond it; fruit 
2.8 to 3.2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. 


Ma 


Fig. 370.—P, decolorans. From type specimen. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 899 


In the original description P. decolorans is given as perennial, but the type lacks 
the basal portion, while its general character shows its relationship to those species 
of Capillaria having“large spikelets. The pubescence appears to be extremely vari- 
able even on the same plant. 

DISTRIBUTION. 


Fields and waste ground, plateau of central Mexico. 
Mexico: Querétaro, Hitchcock 5822, Humboldt (Paris Herb.); Cardenas, Hitchcock 
5712. 


DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 


In the following list are given the names assigned to species of 
Panicum and credited to North America which have not been 
accounted for in the preceding pages and which can not definitely be 
excluded from Panicum as here limited. The list includes several 
nomina nuda which are mentioned only because the names are given 
in the Index Kewensis and consequently have become a part of the 
literature upon the genus. 


Panicum ambitiosum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 30. 1886. ‘‘Orizaba (THomas in herb. 
BucHINGER); Vera Cruz (herb. Uzac).’’? Wehave not seen the type nor an authentic 
specimen of this species. From the description it appears to be a species of Ichnan- 
thus. The name was given by Hemsley as a nomen nudum.@ 

Panicum arundinariae Trin.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25. 1886. Fournier credits this 
name to ‘‘Trin. in sched. coll. Schiedeanae” and cites as the first of several speci- 
mens, ‘‘Absque loco (ScHIEDE).’’ We have not seen the Schiede specimen, which is 
the type. Schaffner’s no. 279, cited by Fournier, which agrees fairly well with his 
description, is P. virgultorum. 'Trinius’s name is mentioned earlier as a nomen nudum 
by Steudel ® and Hemsley.@ 

Panicum brevifolium Walt. Fl. Carol. 73. 1788. No particular locality is given by 
Walter but his plants were all collected in the valley of the lower Santee River, South 
Carolina. The author evidently intended to refer his species to P. brevifolium L., as 
he quotes the Linnzan diagnosis. We may thus consider that Walter misapplied the 
name. What species Walter had, which he referred to P. brevifolium, is uncertain. 

Panicum buchingeri Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 30. 1886. ‘‘Orizaba (THomas in herb. 
BucHINGER).’’ We have not seen the type. From the description it appears to 
be P. virgatum L.. The name is listed earlier by Hemsley ¢ without description. 

Panicum cartilagineum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 128. 1817. ‘‘Habitat in Georgia.’’ 
This isnot in the Muhlenberg Herbarium. The description suggests P. leucothrix Nash. 

Panicum conchatum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25.1886. ‘‘ Sierra de San Cristobal(ScHAFEN. 
n. 204, octobri).’’ This name was earlier listed by Hemsley 4 without description. 
Specimens of this number of Shaffner’s collection were examined at the herbarium of 
Drake de Castillo and at the Halle Herbarium, but the notes taken at the time are 
not full enough to enable us to describe this species, which is not represented in the 
National Herbarium, nor is Fournier’s description at all’adequate. This appears to 
be a distinct species of the Parviglumia and most nearly related to P. schmitzu Hack., 
from which it differs in having a longer, more oblong spikelet with a longer first 
glume. 

Panicum cordifolium Desv. Opusc. 88 [90]. 1831. ‘‘Habitat in America boreali.’’ 
We have not seen the type. The description applies well to P. commutatum Schult. 

Panicum cordovense Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 26. 1886. ‘‘ Cordova (ScHAFFN. n. 293 in 
herb. Franq.).’’ The type is in the herbarium of Drake de Castillo. The notes 
taken upon this specimen do not enable us to identify it with any other Mexican 
species, hence it is retained among the doubtful species until more material can be 


a Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 485. 1885. ¢ Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 486. 1885. 
6 Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 258. 1841. @On. cit. 487. 


830 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


examined. The culms and blades are minutely pubescent, the latter 8 cm. long 
and 12mm. wide. The spikelets are glabrous and 3 mm. long, the first glume obtuse, 
3-nerved, nearly as long as the spikelet, the second glume 5-nerved, the sterile lemma 
2-nerved, the central nerve being suppressed. 

Panicum densum Muhl. Descr. Gram. 122.1817. No locality isgiven. The type is 
not in the Muhlenberg Herbarium. The description suggests one of the Lanuginosa. 

Panicum dichotomum curvatum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 145.1824. No locality 
is given. There is no specimen thus marked in the Torrey Herbarium. The refer- 
ence to tall culms and curved branches suggests P. yadkinense Ashe. 

Panicum dichotomum gracile Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 145. 1824. ‘Common 
in swamps, New-York.’’ The type is not in the Torrey Herbarium and the form can 
not be certainly identified, but the description, ‘‘culm tall, slender; leaves mem- 
branaceous. Common in swamps,”’ suggests the vernal form of P. lucidum Ashe. 

Panicum dichotomum spathaceum Wood, Bot. & Flor. 393. 1874. No locality nor 
specimen is mentioned and the form can not be identified. 

Panicum disciferum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 19. 1886. ‘“‘San Luis de Potosi (Vir1[ET] 
n. 1292).’’ We have been unable to find the type of this. The name was mentioned 
earlier, without description, by Hemsley.¢ The description of the inflorescence as 
consisting of six appressed spikes suggest that this may not be a true Panicum. 

Panicum discolor Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 31. 1807. The only specimen mentioned 
is ‘‘E Pensylvania.’’ We have not been able to locate the type and the species can not 
be identified from the description, though it belongs to the subgenus Dichanthelium. 

Panicum elliott Spreng.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 256. 1841, not Trin. 1829. 
This is given as a synonym of P. pubescens. As the latter name is given without an 
author, Sprengel’s name can be fixed upon no definite species and is hence a nomen 
nudum. No type has been seen. 

Panicum firmandum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 418. 1854. ‘‘Carolina sptr.’’ This 
was received from M. A. Curtis under the name of P. microcarpon Muhl. We have not 
seen the type. The description apples well to P. sphaerocarpon except that the 
spikelets are said to be glabrous while in the latter species they are finely puberulent. 

Panicum flecuosum Raf.; Desv. Journ. de Bot. 4: 273. 1814, not Retz. 1791. The 
description is as follows: ‘‘feuilles lancéolées, élatées, ciliees 4 la base; panicule 
pubescente; pedoncules flexueux; glume ciliee. Dans le nouveau Jersey.”’ 

Panicum gracilescens Desv.; Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 279. 1816. ‘‘Cette 
plante croit 4 la Caroline (V. s.in herb. Desv.).’’ The type could not be found in the 
Desvaux Herbarium and the species can not be identified. Desvaux gives a later 
description,® which disagrees in some respects with that of Poiret. 

Panicum hirsutum Vahl; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 548. 1864, not Swartz, 1797. This 
is mentioned as a synonym under P. diffusum Swartz. We have not seen the type but 
the specific name and the statement by Grisebach that the sheaths of P. diffusum may 
be glabrous or pilose, suggest that P. hirsutum Vahl may be P. ghiesbreghtw Fourn. 

Panicum iowense Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 175: 115. 1900. ‘“‘Dry prairies, 
eastern Iowa to Kansas, June and July.’’ There is no specimen in Ashe’s herbarium 
bearing this name nor that can with any degree of certainty be connected with the 
description. There is a specimen of P. praecocius collected on dry prairies at Arm- 
strong, Iowa, July, 1890, by R. I. Cratty, which is marked in pencil by Ashe, ‘‘Pani- ~ 
cum prairie.’’ The description applies fairly well to this specimen except that the 
height is given as ‘‘1-2 cm.”’ [error for 1 to 2 dm.?], the panicle as “‘small, 1-2 cm. 
long,’’ and the length of the spikelets as ‘‘1.1-1.4 mm.’’ [the spikelets are 1.8 to 1.9 
mm. long]. The description is too meagre to distinguish this species from P. hua- 
chucae which is found in the range given, and to which the description of panicles and 
spikelets better applies. A specimen of P. praecocius, Carver 258, Jewell Junction, 
Iowa, in the Iowa Agricultural College Herbarium, is marked in Ashe’s writing 
‘‘Panicum haemocarpon Ashe sp. nov. affine P. villosissimum Nash.’’ This adds 
to the evidence against taking the Cratty specimen as the type of P. iowense. 


a Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 488. 1885. 6 Opusc. 95. 1831. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 831 


Panicum muhlenbergianum Schult. Mant. 2: 230. 1824. Based on ‘‘ Panicum n. 27 
(sine nomine) Muhlenb. Descr. ub. p. 118.’’ The type is not in the Muhlenberg 
Herbarium, and there is no evidence that Schultes saw the plant, the description of 
which he copies from Muhlenberg. The latter gives the locality as ‘‘Habitat in 
Georgia.’’ The description applies well to P. barbulatum Michx. 

Panicum nitidum glabrum Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U.S. 146. 1824. No locality is 
mentioned, and the type can not be found in the Torrey Herbarium. The descrip- 
tion suggests P. commutatum Schult. 

Panicum nitidum gracile Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 146. 1824. The only locality 
mentioned is ‘‘near New-York.’’ The type can not be found in the Torrey Herba- 
rium. The description applies fairly well to the vernal form of P. dichotomum L. 

Panicum nitidum major[us] Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 30. 1892. No specimen 
nor locality is cited and no type can be found in the National Herbarium. Vasey 
says, ‘‘Here could be placed several variable forms.’’ 

Panicum ornatum Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. ‘Herb. Prof. 
Desv. Porto Rico.’’ This is further described by Desvaux.¢ We have been unable 
to find the type of this species. It is doubtful if the type came from Porto Rico, as 
the description does not appear to apply to any of the West Indian species. 

Panicum pensylvanicum Spreng. Bot. Gart. Halle, Erst. Nacht. 30. 1801. ‘‘Pensyl- 
vanien.’’ No type nor authentic specimen of this could be found. The species 
can not be recognized from the description given. A later description® differs in 
several essentials and may apply to P. anceps. Willdenow< refers P. pensylvanicum 
“Spreng. cat. hort. halens.’’ to P. rostratum Muhl. (P. anceps). 

Panicum portoricense Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. ‘‘Herb. 
Prof. Desy. Porto Rico.’’ A further description is given later by Desvaux,¢ where 
the locality is given as ‘‘Antillis.”’ We have been unable to find the type of this. 
The description appears to apply to a species of the subgenus Dichanthelium. 

Panicum pumilum Raf. Med. Repos. N. Y. 5: 353. 1808. This is a nomen nudum 
with no mention of locality nor specimens. 

Panicum rafinesquianum Schult. Mant. 2: 257. 1824. Based on P. flecuosum Raf. 

Panicum reflecopilum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 84. 1854. ‘‘Oaxaca.’? We have 
not seen the type. The description applies well to P. viscidellum Scribn. 

Panicum sessilicaule Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. This is men- 
tioned in a note under P. cayennense Lam. and later described by Desvaux, ¢ who gives 
the locality as ‘‘Habitat in Carolina?” and states that the plant is only a variety of 
P. cayennense. It probably did not come from Carolina. We have not seen the type. 

Panicum speciosum Walt. Fl. Carol. 73.1788. No special locality is given, but the 
general locality is the valley of the lower Santee River, South Carolina. There is 
no specimen of this in Walter’s herbarium. It can not be identified. 

Panicum striatum Muhl.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 492. 1885. This is 
given as a synonym of P. neuranthum Griseb. The name appears here and also 
later in Fournier’s work,/ from which Hemsley quotes as ‘‘Panicum striatum Muhl. 
not Lam.’’ We know of no P. striatum of Muhlenberg. 

Panicum vilfiforme Wood, Class-book. 785. 1861. ‘‘Wet meadows, E. Tenn.!’’ 
We have not been able to loeate the type of this, and it can not be identified from 
the description. It appears to be a species of the group Agrostoidia. 

Panicum virletii Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 29. 1886. ‘‘San Luis de Potosi (Viru. n. 1305, 
1371).’? This name was earlier listed without description by Hemsley.g Neither of 
the specimens cited could be found. The only description given is ‘‘Differt a P. 
diffuso gluma inferiore mediam spiculam superante.’’ The specimens cited by 
Fournier under P. diffusum are mostly P. ghiesbreghtwi Fourn. 


2 Opusc. 88 [90]. 1831. ¢ Opusc. 95. 1831. 
‘bSpreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 1: 31. 1807. f Mex. Pl. 2: 19. 1886. 
¢ Enum. PI. 1032. 1809. g9 Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 498. 1885. 


@ Opusc. 89. 1831. 


LIST OF NEW SUBGENERA AND SPECIES AND NEW NAMES. 


Page. 
Dichanthelium Hitche. & Chase, subgen. nov. (type P. dichotomum L.)...... 142 
Masiacis (Griseb-) Mitchel. .22005 0. eauee se pe cases eee a 16 
Lasiacis sect. Panicum Griseb. 
Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche.....2 22.2.5. ...5....4_ 43 16 
Panicum divaricatum L. 
Panicum amarulum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov.“.........-.........--.----- 96 
Panicum breve Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov....- Wo os Se 271 
Panicum bulbosum sciaphilum (Rupr.) Hitche. & Chase..........-..-...... 83 
Panicum sciaphilum Rupr. 
Panicum concinnius Hitchc. & Chase: /.. 22-255. 5. ...2 292 4 eee 263 
Panicum gracilicaule Nash, 1903, not Rendle, 1899. 
Panicum cupreum Hitche. & Chase.” ...:62.2.50. 52.23.22 eee 120 
Panicum hians purpurascens Scribn., not P. purpurascens H. B. K. 
Panicum firmulum Hitche. & Chase; sp. nov.2-.5-. 222: .-23425--eee eee 27 
Panicum languidum Hitchc. & Chase... ...0525.. 2-242. oe 232 
Panicum unciphyllum forma prostratum Scribn. & Merr., not P. pros- 
tratum Lam. 
Panicum lepidulum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov..v.........-.....-------+---- z 75 
Panicum longum Hitche. & Chase!) 4../...0).: 2 111 
Panicum pilosum macranthum Scribn., not P. macranthum Trin. 
Panicum nodatum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov..¢.........-----2--+-------+-- 293 
Panicum olivaceum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov..¥.........-...------------- 225 
Fanicum paciticum Hitchc: & Chase, sp. nov. -¥-...-/22-_ 22 eee eee 229 
Panicum paludivagum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov...v......--.--------------- 32 
Panicum pampinosum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov................--.--------- 66 
Panicum parcum Hitche. & Chase, sp. nov...“ -..25. 92.2. se eee 68 
Panicum plenum Hitche. & Chase, sp. nov...“%...-...---.----------------- 80 
Panicum rhizomatum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov...-”...--.-.-..------------ 109 
Panicum rotundum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov...4..-.:..-232.-.--eeh eee eeee 139 
Panicum sphaerocarpon inflatum (Scribn. & Smith) Hitche.............-- 253 
Panicum inflatum Scribn. & Smith. 
Panicum stramineum Hitchc. & Chase, sp. nov..:..-..--..---------------- 67 
Panicum vernale Hitchc. & Chase, sp. mov.t).) 2... -42.5--) 4) Sees eee 266 
Panicum xalapense strictirameum Hitchc. & Chase, subsp. nov...“ ...... 161 
Paurochaetium Hitchc. & Chase, subgen. nov. (type P. distantiflorum Rich.). 22 
332 


INDEX TO NUMBERED SPECIMENS. 


The following list includes the numbered specimens distributed in the more 
important collections of Panicum. ‘Two or more species when here listed under one 
number were distributed under this number by the collector. 


ANDREWS, L.' 
. 3. 
EL. 
14. 
18. 


49. 
51. 
58. 
62. 
63. 
64. 
66. 
70. 
to. 
74. 
BAKER, C. F: 
36. 
48. 
131. 
676. 
2053. 
2078. 
4334. 
4837. 
BAKER, C. H. 
18. 
oy 
40. 
4]. 
42. 
45. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
jae 
12. 
119, 


sphaerocarpon. 
clandestinum. 
lindheimeri. 
barbulatum. 
implicatum. 
verrucosum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


boscii. 
latifolium. 
linearifolium. 
scribnerianum. 
depauperatum. 
tsugetorum. 
ashel. 


huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 


huachucae. 
sphaerocarpon. 
tsugetorum. 


scribnerianum. 
barbinode. 
agrostoides. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbinode. 
parvifolium. 
zizanioides. 
stenodes. 


condensum. 
verrucosum. | 
rhizomatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
commutatum. 
chrysopsidifolium. 
polycaulon. 
equilaterale. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
albomarginatum. 


YBALL, C. R. 


8. 
14. 


ene 
120. 
121. 
122) 
123. 
124, 
125. 
135. 
137. 
139. 
145. 
149. 
155. 
156. 
157. 


164. 


anceps. 

boscil. 
agrostoides. 
dichotomiflorum. 
polyanthes. 
jooril. 
perlongum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
latifolium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
anceps. 
microcarpon. 
lindheimeri. 
hians. 

xalapense. 
oligosanthes. 
sphaerocarpon. 
commutatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
stipitatum. 
scoparium. 
agrostoides. 
agrostoides. 
capillare. 
angustifolium. 
xalapense. 

hians. 
agrostoides. 
anceps. 
dichotomiflorum. 
rhizomatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
perlongum. 
capillare. 
latifolium. 
agrostoides. 
gymnocarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
dichotomiflorum. 


333 


B04 


Batu, C. R.—Continued. 


166. anceps. 
169. agrostoides. 
178. scribnerianum. 
190. -hians. 
192. virgatum. 
202. lucidum. 
204. verrucosum. 
215. dichotomiflorum. 
220. brachyanthum. 
225. agrostoides. 
228. anceps. 
229. dichotomiflorum. 
441. sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
535. hians. 
536. sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
544. lanuginosum. 
625. commutatum. 
702. clandestinum. 
703. boscii molle. 
704. microcarpon. 
705. polyanthes. 
720. capillare. 
791. equilaterale. 
792. lancearium. 
816. tennesseense. 
817. implicatum. 
966. capillare. 
1139. obtusum. 
y Bartuert, H. H. 
807. spretum. 
844. microcarpon. 
903. anceps. 
1024. philadelphicum. 
1066. agrostoides. 
1071. polyanthes. 
1081. microcarpon. 
1103. verrucosum, 
1136. lucidum. 
1170. scoparium. 
1172. auburne. 
1173. nitidum. 
1327. oricola. 
1368. oricola. 
1379. oricola. 
1414. villosissimum. 
1443. lanuginosum. 
1444. aciculare. 
1453. xalapense. 
1455. aciculare. 
1456. nitidum. 
1457. microcarpon. 
1458. ashei. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL 


BARTLETT, H. 


1459. 
1460. 
1461. 
1462. 
1497. 
1498. 
1500. 
1501. 
1502. 
1504. 
1505. 
1508. 
4 Bess, R. 
513. 
514, 
520. 
882. 
1236, 
1242. 
1245. 
1259. 
1262. 
1276. 
1278. 
1299. 
1321. 
1426. 
1428. 
1430. 
1434. 
1457. 
1459. 
2057. 
2167. 
2661. 
2663. 
2670. 
2703. 
2715. 
2815. 
2832. 
2833.. 
28334. 
2834. 
2881. 
2882. 
2917; 
2928. 
2935. 
2936. 
29394. 
2947. 


HERBARIUM. 


H.—Continued. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
concinnius. 
angustifolium. 
villosissimum. 
polyanthes. 
polyanthes. 
jooril. 
ravenelii. 
ashe. 
boscii. 
mutabile. 


depauperatum. 
pseudopubescens. 
huachucae. 
latifolium. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
oligosanthes. 
sphaerocarpon. 
angustifolium. 
lindheimeri. 
helleri. 
capillare. 
reverchoni. 
oligosanthes. 
lindheimerl. 
helleri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
xalapense. 
scribnerianum. 
praecocius. 
scribnerianum. 
villosissimum. 
depauperatum. 
malacophyllum. 
oligosanthes. 
scribnerianum. 
meridionale. 
subvillosum. 
villosissimum. 
subvillosum. 
villosissimum. 
tennesseense. 
pseudopubescens. 
capillare. 
flexile. 

boreale. 
meridionale. 
tsugetorum. 
meridionale. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


v/ BILTMORE HERBARIUM. 


696a. 
697a. 
698b. 
700a. 
700b. 
700c. 
700e. 
702a. 

797. 
797a. 
797c. 
800a. 


800b. 
800c. 
802a. 
802b. 
803a. 
804. 
804b. 
808a. 
2984a. 
2993a. 
2993c. 
2994a. 
3627. 
4278. 
4290. 
4290a. 
4292b. 
5066b. 
5066e. 
5184b. 
5185a. 
5185b. 
5839b. 
6022a. 
6028. 
6204a. 
7079a. 
7080a. 
8342. 
9953c. 
9959f. 
10715b. 
11866. 
14879b. 
» BissELL, C. H. 
385. 
5529. 
5533. 
5541. 


anceps. 
trifolium. 
tennesseense. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum cubense. 
dichotomiflorum. 
depauperatum. 
depauperatum. 
depauperatum. 
barbulatum. 
dichotomum. 
lucidum. 
dichotomum. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
microcarpon. 
clandestinum. 
clandestinum. 
stipitatum. 
commutatum. 
xalapense. 
xalapense. 
ravenelii. 
longjfolium. 
angustifolium. 
scoparium. 
scoparium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lucidum. 
sphagnicola. 
tennesseense. 
boscii molle. 
boscii molle. 
anceps. 
polycaulon. 
spretum in part. 
webberianum. 
linearifolium. 
wrightianum. | 
werneri. 
albemarlense. 
boscii molle. 
curtifolium. 
aciculare. 


huachucae silvicola. 


scoparioides. 
agrostoides. 
depauperatum. 
linearifolium. 


BIssELL, C. H.—Continued. 


5042. 
5044. 
5946. 
5548. 
5549. 
5950. 
5551. 
5002. 
5563. 
5566. 
5569. 
5970. 
5071. 
5077. 
5580. 
5581. 
5082. 
5583. 
5585. 
5590. 
5094. 
5995. 
5596. 
5611. 
5616. 
5622. 
8084. 
9306. 
11596. 
12000. 
12001. 
12002. 
Botrert, M. 
99. 
101. 
160. 
648. 
688. 
705. 
1987. 
PBOURGEAU, E. 
235. 
529. 
1455. 
1662. 
2162. 
2383. 


2751. 
2794. 
3132. 
3192, 


linearifolium. 
clandestinum. 
clandestinum. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
boscii molle. 
boscii. 


scribnerianum. ~ 


microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
barbulatum. 
ashei. 
scoparioides. 
boreale. 
lindheimeri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
implicatum. 
tsugetorum. 
tsugetorum. 
columbianum. 
tennesseense. 
tsugetorum. 
implicatum. 
scoparioides. 
oricola. 
longifolium. 
commonsianum. 
subvillosum. 
implicatum. 


olivaceum. 
olivaceum. 
plenum. 
virgatum. 
laxum. 
viscidellum. 
olivaceum. 


bulbosum. 
elephantipes. 
pulchellum. 


335 


polygonatum in part. 


xalapense. 
multirameum. 
olivaceum. 
ghiesbreghtii. 
bulbosum. 
viscidellum. 
glutinosum, 


336 


¥ Brack. ood. Ky 
3467. bartowense. 
3524. caerulescens. 
3697. nitidum. 
3742. dichotomiflorum. 
4158. exiguiflorum. 
4164. exiguiflorum. 
4380. exiguiflorum. 
7015. caerulescens. 
7019. tenerum. 
7132. tenerum. 
’ Broapway, W. E. 
2370. stoloniferum. 
2371. frondescens. 
2372. parvifolium. 
2563. zizanioides. 
2629. hirsutum. 
 BurcHet, W. J. 
A101-2. rotundum. 
4146. millegrana. 
4315-2. millegrana. 
4653. millegrana. 
7062. trichanthum. 
8350. cayennense. 
8706. trichoides. 
8791. trichanthum. 
Busu, B. F. 
8. latifolium. 
9. agrostoides. 
10. dichotomiflorum. 
14. villosissimum. 
17. ashei. 
26. bose. * 
5). barbulatum. 
54. praecocius. 
87. praecocius. 
91. Jlatifolium. 
120. hians. 
141. villosissimum. 
145. sphaerocarpon. 
148. barbulatum. 
153. linearifolium. 
177. sphaerocarpon. 
178. lindheimeri. 
190. latifolium. 
232. polyanthes. 
234. commutatum. 
238. commutatum. 
251. huachucae silvicola. 
255. polyanthes. 
263. malacophyllum. 
266. reptans. 
270. 


fasciculatum chartagi- 


nense, 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Bus, B. F.—Continued. 


276. 
287. 
289. 
302. 
303. 
308. 
309. 
310. 
312. 
313. 
320. 
322. 
323. 
303. 
379. 
384. 
413. 
642. 
651. 
674. 
675. 
705. 


707. 
708. 
709. 
Mie 
712. 
718. 
720. 
722. 
129: 


boscii. 
commutatum. 
ashel. 
agrostoides. 
boscil. 
commutatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
boscil. 

ashel. 
barbulatum. 
linearifolium. 
commutatum. 
boscil. 
villosissimum. 
leibergii. 
flexile. 
bicknellii. 
malacophyllum. 
xalapense. 
reverchoni. 
sphaerocarpon. 
helleri. 
virgatum. 
hians. 

hians. 

hians. 
tennesseense. 
tennesseense. 
clandestinum. 
barbulatum. 
scribnerianum. 
scribnerianum. 
leibergil. 
commutatum. 
linearifolium. 
villosissimum. 
clandestinum. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
scribnerianum. 
brachyanthum. 
scribnerianum. 
linearifolium. 
leibergii. 
huachucae silvicola. 
microcarpon. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
commutatum. 
praecocius. 
praecocius. 
xalapense. 
villosissimum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Busu, B. F.—Continued. 


754. 
750. 
759. 
760. 
803. 
848. 
906. 
979. 
1023. 
1107. 
1156. 
1157. 


1198. 
1210. 
1216. 
1218. 
1220. 
1222. 
1224. 
1225. 
1273. 
1296. 
1298. 
1388. 
1398. 

* 1440. 
1450. 
1498. 
1555. 
1652. 
1659. 
1684. 
1685. 
1710. 
1713. 
1732. 
1832. 
2332. 
2350. 
2488. 
2522. 
2526. 
2529. 

_ 2532. 
2736. 
2760. 
2877. 

2881a. 
2911. 
2913. 
2926. 


41616°—vor 15—10 


boscii molle. 
comfnutatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 
helleri. 
flexile. 
flexile. 
brachyanthum. 
agrostoides. 
linearifolium. 
filipes. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
texanum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
scribnerianum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
scribnerianum. 
commutatum. 
oligosanthes. 
xalapense. 
reptans. 
anceps. 
aciculare. 
agrostoides. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
gymnocarpon. 
linearifolium. 
leibergii. 
scribnerianum. 
leibergii. 
helleri. 
helleri. 
huachucae silvicola. 
latifolium. 
obtusum. 
huachucae. 
depauperatum. 
xalapense. 
arenicoloides. * 
ravenelii. 
helleri. 
barbulatum. 
commutatum. 
leibergii. 
barbulatum. 
linearifolium. 
ashei. 
werneri. 
werner. 


22 


A 
337 


| Busu, B. F.—Continued. 


2996. 
3089. 
3090. 
3107. 
3246. 
3295. 
3318. 
3369. 
3456. 
3456a. 
3529. 
3658. 
3893. 
3903. 
3914. 
3915. 
3933. 
3935. 
3936. 
3968. 
3977. 
3981. 
4001. 
4002. 
4003. 
4021. 
4024. 
4038. 
4411. 
44) la. 
4412. 
4458. 
4473. 
4487. 
4532. 
4533. 
4534, 
4549, 
4568. 
4638. 
4651. 
4652. 
4653. 
4654. 
4684, 
4685. 
4712. 
4714, 
4733. 
4734, 
4788. 
4803, 


huachucae silvicola. 
perlongum. 
praecocius. 
obtusum. 
bicknellii. 

flexile. 

capillare. 
barbulatum. 

ashei. 

barbulatum. 
barbulatum. 
stipitatum. 

helleri. 

helleri. ° 
tennesseense. 
huachucae silvicola. 
scribnerianum. 
praecocius. 
depauperatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
clandestinum. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
clandestinum. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
virgatum. 
linearifolium. 
linearifolium. 

ashei. 

barbulatum. 
barbulatum. 

asheli. 

tennesseense. 
linearifolium. 
boscii. 
linearifolium. 
scribnerianum. 
xalapense. 
clandestinum. 
boscil. 
scribnerianum. 
depauperatum. 
tennesseense. 
commutatum. 
ashei. 

ashei. 

barbulatum. 
linearifolium. 
villosissimum. 
huachucae silvicola, 


338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Busu, B. F.—Continued. 


4807. 
4824. 
4865. 
4908. 
5023. 
5060. 
5105. 
5114. 
5115. 
5116. 
5119. 
5120. 
5203. 
5234. 
5259: 
CHAMBERLAIN, 
298. 
336. 
513. 
502. 
787. 
793. 
837. 
CHASE, A. 
867. 
889. 
918. 
1178. 
1472. 
1474. 
1479. 
1480. 
1540. 
1541. 
1542. 
1543. 
1544. 
1545. 
1546. 
1552. 
1563. 
1602. 
1604. 
1605. 
16053. 
1606. 
1607. 
1633. 
1636. 
1729. 
1824. 
1850. 
1887, 


latifolium. 
gattingeri. 
clandestinum. 
boscii. 
villosissimum. 
boscii molle. 
virgatum. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
gattingeri. 
philadelphicum. 
philadelphicum. 
philadelphicum. 
agrostoides. 
flexile. 

EK. B. 
depauperatum. 
boreale. 


huachucae silvicola. 


virgatum. 
subvillosum. 
boreale. 
subvillosum. 


depauperatum. 
latifolium. 
verrucosum. 
virgatum. 
meridionale. 
flexile. 

flexile. 
capillare. 
depauperatum. 
latifolium. 
pseudopubescens. 
dichotomum. 
tsugetorum. 
villosissimum. 
implicatum. 
tsugetorum. 
villosissimum. 
tsugetorum. 
tsugetorum. 
pseudopubescens. 
tsugetorum. 
villosissimum. 
scribnerianum. 
miliaceum. 
virgatum. 
flexile. 
latifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
latifolium, 


CuHasE, A.—Continued. 


1904. 
1919. 
1921. 
1947, 
2006. 
2008. 
2284. 
2303. 
2315. 
2316. 
2320. 
2332. 
2333. 
2339. 
2341. 
2345. 
2349. 
2357. 
2366. 
2367. 
2368. 
2370. 
2374. 
2378. 
2379. 
2381. 
2400. 
2401. 
2402. 
2412. 
2428. 
2463. 
2477. 

OATH. 
2520. 
2528. 
2585. 
2599. 
2628. 
2673. 
2679. 
2830. 
2849. 
2853. 
2864. 
2865. 
2874. 
2887. 
2905. 
2912. 
2936. 
2946. 
2947. 


tennesseense. 
dichotomum. 
tsugetorum. 
latifolium. 
flexile. 
capillare. 
depauperatum. 
linearifolium. 
dichotomum. 
xalapense. 
xalapense. 
sphaerocarpon. 
spretum. 
albemarlense. 
auburne. 
lancearium. 
commonsianum. 
aciculare. 
clandestinum. 
microcarpon. 
polyanthes. 
microcarpon. 
boscil. 
villosissimum. 
dichotomum. 
commutatum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


sphaerocarpon. 
depauperatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
meridionale. 
tennesseense. 
ashei. 
bicknellii. 
aculeatum. 
virgatum. 
anceps. 
philadelphicum. 
gattingeri. 
condensum. 
stipitatum. 
ashel. 
tennesseense. 
yadkinense. 
depauperatum. 
scribnerianum. 
tennesseense. 
lindheimeri. 
villosissimum. 
oligosanthes. 
aciculare. 
yadkinense. 
annulum, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN 


Cuase, A.—Continued. 


2964. 
2985. 
2996. 
3047. 
3048. 
3049. 
3051. 
3052. 
3053. 
3054. 
3055. 
3056. 

3056. 
3057. 
3058. 
3059. 
3060. 
3061. 

30614. 
3062. 
3063. 

3064. 
3065. 
3067. 
3068. 
3069. 
3071. 
3072. 
3073. 
3074. 
3075. 

3076. 
3078. 
3081. 
3082. 

30824. 
3084. 
3086. 
3087. 
3088. 
3089. 
3090. 
3092. 
3093. 
3094. 
3095. 
3096. 

30964. 
3097. 

30973. 
3098. 
3099. 
3100. 


yad}inense. 
lindheimeri. 
anceps. 
lindheimeri. 
dichotomum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
ashel. 
commutatum. 
depauperatum. 
boscii molle. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
dichotomum. 
xalapense. 
villosissimum. 
yadkinense. 
trifolium. 
yadkinense. 
microcarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
angustifolium. 
ashei. 


huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 


lanuginosum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
villosissimum. 
yadkinense. 
boscii. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
lanuginosum. 
clandestinum. 
villosissimum. 
angustifolium. 
arenicoloides. 
aciculare. 
lanuginosum. 
angustifolium. 
ravenelil. 
sphaerocarpon. 
barbulatum. ~ 
bicknellii. 
spretum. 
aciculare. 
consanguineum. 
wrightianum. 
ensifolium. 
ensifolium. 


-aciculare. 


hians. 
mattamuskeetense. 
meridionale, 


PANICUM. 3839 


| Coase, A.—Continued. 


31004. 
3101. 
3103. 
3105. 
3106. 
3107. 
3108. 
3109. 
3110. 
3111. 
3112. 
3113. 
3114. 
3115. 
3117. 
3118. 
3120. 
3121. 
3123. 
3125. 
3126. 
S197. 
3128. 
3129. 
3130. 
3131. 
3132. 
312%. 
3154. 
3135. 
3136. 
3137. 
3138. 
3139. 
3141. 
3143. 
3144, 
3145. 
3147. 
3150. 
3154. 
3155. 
3156. 
3157. 
3158. 
3159. 
3160. 
3161. 
3162. 
3163. 
3166. 
3167. 


albermarlense. 
scabriusculum. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
albemarlense. 
lanuginosum. 
lindheimeri. 
pseudopubescens. 
patulum. 
xalapense. 
lucidum. 
lancearium. 
commutatum. 
pseudopubescens. 
xalapense. 
xalapense. 
arenicoloides. 
villosissimum. 
aciculare. 
chamaelonche. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
lancearium. 
aciculare. 
ciliatum. 
auburne. 
trifolium. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
wrightianum. 
longiligulatum. 
erectifolium. 
angustifolium. 
pauciciliatum. 
villosissimum. 
arenicoloides. 
virgatum cubense. 
longiligulatum. 
pseudopubescens. 
longiligulatum. 
mutabile. 
villosissimum. 
arenicoloides. 
aciculare. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
lucidum. 
pseudopubescens. 
commonsianum. 
pauciciliatum. 
angustifolium. 
addisonii. 
aciculare, 


340 


CHASE, 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


A.—Continued. 


3168. 
3169. 
3170. 
3171. 
3172. 
3174. 
3175. 
3176. 
3177. 
3178. 
3179. 
3181. 
3182. 
3183. 
3184. 
3185. 
3187. 
3188. 
3189. 
3190. 
3191. 
3192. 
3193. 
3194. 
3195. 
3196. 
3197. 
3198. 
3199. 
3200. 
3201. 

32014. 
3203. 
3204. 
3205. 
3206. 
3208. 
3210. 

32104. 
3211. 
3212. 
3213. 
3214, 
3215. 
3216. 
3217. 
3218. 
3220. 
3221. 
3222. 
3224. 
3295. 
3226, 


commutatum. 
angustifolium. 
tenue. 
strigosum. 
tenue. 
consanguineum. 
longiligulatum. 
ensifolium. 
ensifolium. 
roanokense. 
longiligulatum. 
lancearium. 
chamaelonche. 
tenue. 
ciliatum. 
aciculare. 
microcarpon 
barbulatum. 
mutabile. 
microcarpon. 
villosissimum. 
yadkinense. 
lancearium. 
lancearium. 
wilmingtonense. 
ensifolium. 
lucidum. 
lindheimeri. 
trifolium. 
nitidum. 
albemarlense. 
lanuginosum. 
roanokense. 
microcarpon. 
aciculare. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
aculeatum. 
microcarpon. 
lancearium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
longiligulatum. 
ciliatum. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 


pseudopubescens. 


ashel. 
lanuginosum. 


pseudopubescens. 


lancearium. 
trifolium. 
ciliatum., 


CuHase, A.—Continued. 


B00. 
3228. 
3230. 
3232. 
3233. 
3234. 
3235. 
3237. 
3238. 
3239. 
3240. 
3242. 
3244. 
3246. 
3247. 
3248. 
3249. 
3250. 
3253. 
3254. 
3255. 
3256. 
3259. 
3260. 
3262. 
3269. 
3270. 
3272. 
3273. 
3274. 
3275. 
3277. 
3278. 
3283. 
3295. 
3299. 
3300. 
3301. 
3316. 
3320. 
3321. 
3326. 
3355. 
3363. 
3367. 
3379. 
3382. 
3390. 
3391. 
3392. 
3393. 
3399. 

33994. 


ensifolium. 
longifolium. 
consanguineum. 
mattamuskeetense. 
longiligulatum. 
ensifolium. 
scabriusculum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
trifolium. 
trifolium. 
roanokense. 
clutei. 
strigosum. 
pauciciliatum. 
roanokense. 
trifolium. 
angustifolium. 
angustifolium. 
microcarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
lindheimeri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lindheimeri. | 
tennesseense. 


-microcarpon. 


tsugetorum. 
tsugetorum. 
clandestinum. 
polyanthes. 
tennesseense. 
tennesseense. 
boreale. 
subvillosum. 
depauperatum. 
xanthophysum. 
werneri. 
xanthophysum. 
tennesseense. 
depauperatum. 
subvillosum. 
tsugetorum. 
linearifolium. 
boreale. 
tsugetorum. 
latifolium. 
depauperatum. 
wernerl. 
tsugetorum. 
subvillosum. 
implicatum. 
linearifolium. 
tennesseense. 
tsugetorum, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Cuase, A.—Continued. 


3436. 
3437. 
3443. 
3453. 
3454. 
3457. 
3458. 
3459. 
3464. 
3466. 
3469. 

34733. 
3475. 
3484. 
3486. 
3488. 
3489. 
3502. 
3503. 
3505. 
3508. 
3509. 
3513. 
3516. 
3517. 

35173. 
3519. 
3520. 
3521. 
3522. 
3523. 
3524. 
3528. 
3529. 
3530. 
3531. 
3532. 
3533. 
3534. 

35344. 
3535. 
3536. 
3538. 
3539. 
3541. 
3542. 
3543. 
3544. 
3545. 
3546. 
3550. 
3551. 
3553. 


implicatum. 
boreale. 

boreale. 
subvillosum. 
implicatum. 
tennesseense. 
boreale. 
implicatum. 
lindheimeri. 
meridionale. 
agrostoides. 
lindheimeri. 
lucidum. 
barbulatum. 
scoparium. 
lanuginosum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
ashei. 
tennesseense. 
lanuginosum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
clandestinum. 
microcarpon. 
addisonil. 
commonsianum. 
columbianum. 
pseudopubescens. 
ashel. 
villosissimum. 
addisonil. 
tsugetorum. 
lindheimeri. 
agrostoides. 
longifolium. 
commonsianum. 
tsugetorum. 
columbianum. 
columbianum thinium. 
meridionale. 
ensifolium. 
leucothrix. 
addisonii. 
columbianum. 
commonsianum. 
ashei. 
tsugetorum. 
commonsianum. 


-clutei. 


verrucosum. 
lucidum. 
spretum. 
clutei. 


| 


| 


341 


CuasE, A.—Continued. 
3554. 
3556. 
3557. 
3559. 
3560. 
3562. 
3564. 
3566. 
3069. 
3970. 
3572. 
BVA 
3574. 
3575. 
3576. 
Colle 
3578. 
3579. 
3580. 
3081. 
3583. 
3584. 
3588. 
3589. 
3590. 
3593. 
3095. 
3596. 
3598. 
3599. 
3600. 
3601. 

36014. 
3603. 
3605. 
3606. 
3608. 
3609. 
3611. 
3612. 
3613. 
3616. 
3617. 
3618. 
3620. 
3621. 
3623. 
3631. 
3642. 
3643. 

abies 
3654. 
3656. 


lucidum. 
leucothrix. 
ensifolium. 
columbianum thinium. — 
columbianum thinium. 
oricola. 

tsugetorum. 
pseudopubescens. 
spretum. 
commonsianum. 
lindheimeri. 
virgatum cubense. 
addisonii. 
commonsianum. 
oricola. 
columbianum thinium. 
leucothrix. 
tsugetorum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
oricola. 

addisonii. 
commonsianum. 
columbianum thinium. 
lindheimeri. 

clutei. 

lucidum. 

addisonil. 
commonsianum. 
clutei. 

lucidum. 
scoparium. 
tsugetorum. 

ashei. 

addisonii. 
columbianum thinium. 
columbianum. 
tsugetorum. 

oricola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
tsugetorum. 
columbianum. 
yadkinense. 
tennesseense. 
scribnerianur 
barbulatum. 
commutatum. 
virgatum. 

anceps. 

tsugetorum. 
barbulatum. 
villosissimum. 
commutatum. 
lancearium. 


342 


CuHasE, A.—Continued. 


3657. 
3658. 
3660. 
3662. 
3663. 
3668. 
3674. 
3675. 
3676. 
3677. 
3678. 
3679. 
3680. 
3682. 
3683. 
3686. 
3687. 
3704. 
3708. 
3729. 
3739. 
3743. 
8744, 

37444. 
3745. 
3747. 
3752. 
3757. 
3758. 
3762. 

87624. 
3767. 
SPA 
3780. 
3783. 
3787. 
3791. 
3793. 
3794. 
3796. 
3803. 
3806. 
3808. 
3809. 
3825. 
3826. 
3829. 
3831. 
3832. 
3850. 
3851. 
3855. 
3859. 


dichotomum. 
albomarginatum. 
verrucosum. 
longifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
microcarpon. 
patulum. 
villosissimum. 
virgatum. 
angustifolium. 
commutatum. 
ashel. 

auburne. 

aciculare. 
meridionale. 
lindheimeri. 
philadelphicum. 
ashel. 

annulum. 
lindheimeri. 
ensifolium. 
lucidum. 
mattamuskeetense. 
mattamuskeetense. 
albemarlense. 
barbulatum. 
tsugetorum. 
albemarlense. 
barbulatum. 
albemarlense. 
villosissimum. 
microcarpon. 
yadkinense. 
ravenelii. 
bicknellii. 

ashel. 
mattamuskeetense. 
mattamuskeetense. 
columbianum. 
ravenelil. 
polyanthes. 
columbianum thinium. 
scribnerianum. 
annulum. 
albemarlense. 
mattamuskeetense. 
mattamuskeetense. 
microcarpon. 
columbianum. 
bartowense. 
adspersum. 
fusiforme. 

virgatum cubense. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Cuase, A.—Continued. 


3860. 
3866. 
3885. 
3889. 
3899. 
3900. 
3907. 
3908. 
3915. 
3926. 
3935. 
3946. 
3947. 
3948. 
3953. 
3964. 
3965. 
3966. 
3967. 
3970. 
3984. 
3986. 
3990. 
3991. 
3992. 
4004. 
4005. 
4007. 
4009. 
4014. 
4015. 
4017. 
4019. 
4021. 
4023. 
4026. 
4028. 
4029. 
4032. 
4036. 
4037. 
4039. 
4043. 
4045. 
4050. 
4051. 
40514. 
4053. 
4058. 
4059. 
4062. 
4063. 
4066. 


virgatum cubense. 
ovale. 
polycaulon. 
hians. 
amarulum. 
virgatum. 
joorii. 
equilaterale. 
amarulum. 
chapmani. 
amarulum. 
trifolium. 
ovale. 

joorii. 
amarulum. 
webberianum. 
chamaelonche. 
albomarginatum. 
polycaulon. 
lancearium. 
rhizomatum. 
verrucosum. 
nitidum. 
fusiforme. 
caerulescens. 
lancearium. 
nitidum. 
bartowense. 
xalapense. 
condensum. 
lancearium. 
nitidum. 
joorii. 
fusiforme. 
laxiflorum. 
patulum. 
patentifolium. 
patentifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
chamaelonche. 
chamaelonche. 
sphagnicola. 
albomarginatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
patulum. 
patentifolium. 
webberianum. 
chamaelonche. 
patentifolium. 
flavovirens. 
patulum. 
equilaterale. 
verrucosum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Cuase, A.—Continued. 


4068. 
4072. 
4077. 
4086. 
4088. 
4091. 
4094. 
4095. 
4099. 
4100. 
4101. 
4104. 
4105. 
4112. 
4113. 
4118. 
4119. 
4121. 
4122. 
4126. 
4132. 
4141. 
4149. 
4151. 
4153. 
4154, 
4156. 
4161. 
4163. 
41634. 
4166. 
4170. 
4171. 
4172. 
4173. 
4174. 
4175. 
4179. 
4181. 
4183. 
4187. 
4188. 
4191. 
4194. 
4201. 
42014. 
4202. 
4205. 
4207. 
4208. 
4209. 
4211. 
4217. 


lucidum. 
malacon. 
malacon. 
patulum. 
patentifolium. 
nitidum. 
joorii. 

anceps. 

joorii. 
dichotomum. 
laxiflorum. 
polycaulon. 
fusiforme. 
trifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
ovale. 
fusiforme. 
hemitomon. 
equilaterale. 
jooril. 
nitidum. 
longiligulatum. 
lancearium. 
albomarginatum 
chamaelonche. 
erectifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
arenicoloides. 
webberianum. 
patentifolium. 
trifolium. 
patentifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
longiligulatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
ovale. 
lancearium. 
fusiforme. 
joorii. 
patulum. 
tenerum. 
longiligulatum. 
rhizomatum. 
fusiforme. 
anceps. 
rhizomatum. 
verrucosum. 
commutatum. 
oligosanthes. 
boscii molle. 
patulum. 
arenicoloides. 
laxiflorum. 


CuHase, A.—Continued. 


4219. 
4220. 
4225. 
4229. 
4234. 
4239. 
4241. 
4242. 
4245. 
4248. 
4249. 
4250. 
4251. 
4256. 
4258. 
4260. 
4261. 
4267. 
4271. 
4274. 
4276. 
4277. 
4279. 
4281. 
4282. 
4283. 
4284. 
4286. 
4287. 
4290. 
4291. 
4292. 
4297. 
4299. 
4301. 
4302. 
4304. 
4305. 
4307. 
4308. 
4310. 
4312. 
4314. 
4318. 
4320. 
4321. 
4322. 
4331. 
4340. 
4346. 
4351. 
4357. 
4358. 


jooril. 
rhizomatum. 
longifolium. 
angustifolium. 


dichotomiflorum. 


lancearium. 
equilaterale. 
lanuginosum. 
patentifolium. 
fusiforme. 
arenicoloides. 
ovale. 
malacon. 
joorii. © 
equilaterale. 
oligosanthes. 
ovale. 
angustifolium., 
rhizomatum. 
jooril. 
oligosanthes. 
lanuginosum. 
ravenelii. 
arenicoloides. 
patulum. 
oligosant hes. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
agrostoides. 
mutabile. 
arenicoloides. 
lanuginosum. 
angustifolium. 
consanguineum. 
angustifolium. 
aciculare. 
trifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
nitidum. 
longiligulatum. 
flavovirens. 
patulum. 
verrucosurr 
longifolium 
lucidum. 
nitidum. 
flavovirens. 
lanuginosum. 
arenicoloides. 
longifolium. 
consanguineum. 
patulum. 
trifolium. 


343 


344 


wee 


Cuase, A.—Continued. 


4359. 
4360. 
4364. 
4366. 
4371. 
4377. 
4389. 
4392. 
4393. 
4397. 
4400. 
4401. 
4405. 
4407. 
4410. 
4423. 
4424. 
4426. 
4429. 
4430. 
4434. 
4437. 
4444, 
4445, 
4449, 
4453. 
4459. 
4460. 
4461. 
4463. 
4464. 
4468. 
4469. 
4470. 
4472. 
4473. 
4475. 
4476. 
4477. 
4478. 
4479. 
4482. 
4483. 
4485. 
4491. 
4492. 
4495, 
4497. 
4498. 
4499. 
4501. 
4502. 
4504. 


aciculare. 
ciliatum. 
polycaulon. 
longiligulatum. 
patulum. 

repens. 
brachyanthum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
lindheimeri. 
lanuginosum. 
chrysopsidifolium. 
eymnocarpon. 
agrostoides. 
arenicoloides. 
verrucosum.- 
microcarpon. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


ooril. 
combsiil. 
jooril. 
aciculare. 
agrostoides. 
lindheimeri. 
flexile. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
capillare. 
clandestinum. 
anceps. 
joorii. 
barbulatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
ashel. 
concinnius. 
concinnius. 
tennesseense. 
meridionale. 
angustifolium. 
microcarpon. 
concinnius. 
polyanthes. 
boscii. 
flexile. 
capillare. 
stipitatum. 
ashei. 
tennesseense. 
boscii. 
barbulatum. 
commutatum. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


| CHasE, A.—Continued. 


4506. 
4517. 
4519. 
4525. 
4527. 
4532. 
4536. 
4537. 
4538. 
4542. 
4543. 
4544, 
4545. 
4549. 
4550. 
4554, 
4555. 
4560. 
4564. 
4567. 
4568. 
4569. 

45693. 
4570. 
4576. 
4577. 
4578. 
4579. 
4580. 
4581. 
4583. 
4584. 
4585. 
4586. 
4589. 
4591. 
4600. 
4601. 
A746. 
4886. 

x 5251. 
5252. 
5253. 
5292. 
5307. 
5345. 
5406. 
5411. 
5412. 
5413. 
5414. 
5415. 
5416. 


xalapense. 
xalapense. 
barbulatum. 
aciculare. 
condensum. 
lanuginosum. 
lancearium. 
equilaterale. 
patulum. 
lancearium. 
lancearium. 
commonsianum. 
lancearium. 
equilaterale. 
jooril. 

anceps. 
amarum. 
rhizomatum. 
longifolium. 
pauciciliatum. 
lancearium. 
lancearium. 
webberianum. 
chamaelonche. 
trifolium. 
patulum. 
aciculare. 
auburne. 
addisonii. - 
arenicoloides. 
ciliatum. 
lanuginosum. 
aneustifolium. 
aciculare. 

ovale. 
sphaerocarpon. 
scabriusculum. 
commonsianum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
thermale. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
obtusum. 
linearifolium. 
xalapense. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
angustifolium. 
bicknelli. 


HITCHCOCK AND 


CuaseE, A.—Continued. 


5417. 
5418. 
5419. 
5420. 
5421. 
5422. 
5423. 
5424. 
5425. 
5426. 
5427. 
5428. 
5429. 
5430. 
0431. 
5432. 
5433. 
5434. 
5435. 
5436. 
5437. 
2 5438. 
5439. 
5440. 
5441. 
5442. 
5448. 
5444. 
5445. 
5519. 
5766. 
(Cuasz, V. H. 
. (ps 
81. 
124. 
125. 
183. 
242. 
291. 
460. 
461. 
472. 
649. 
774. 
783. 
818. 
922. 
1158. 
ivAbs 
1214. 
1218. 
1455. 
1489. 


caerulescens. 
lucidum. 
microcarpon. 
annulum. 
spretum. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
tennesseense. 
tennesseense. 
lanuginosum. 
columbianum. 
commonsianum. 
columbianum. 
columbianum. 
oricola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
patulum. 
oligosanthes. 
commutatum. 
mutabile. 
scoparium. 
aculeatum. 
verrucosum. 
philadelphicum. 
capillare. 
gattingeri. 
flexile. 

anceps. 
urvilleanum. 
urvilleanum. 


virgatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
gattingeri. 
capillare. 
capillare. 
sphaerocarpon. 
pseudopubescens. 
perlongum. 
leibergii. 
praecocius. 
praecocius. 
capillare. 
gattingeri. 
virgatum. 
scribnerianum. 
perlongum. 
praecocius. 
praecocius. 
praecocius. 
leibergii. 
boscii. 


CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


345 


CHaseE, V. H.—Continued. 


1492. 
1515. 
1701. 
1731. 
1749. 
bya 
1792. 
1850. 
1851. 
1858. 


“CHENEY, L. S. 
678. 


1082. 
1107. 
1216. 
1345. 
1346. 
1545. 
1700. 
2100. 
2914. 
3088. 
3409. 
3426. 
3471. 
3868. 
3872. 
4104. 
4786. 
5638. 
Cocks, R. S. 
286. 
292. 
422. 
2186. 
2191. 
2193. 
2194. 
3001. 
3007. 
3008. 
3322. 
3324. 
3906. 
3508. 
3509. 
3510. 
3511, 
Comps, R. 


Se aa 


14. 


praecocius. 
praecocius. 
leibergii. 
perlongum. 
scribnerianum. 
praecocius. 
scribnerianum. 
praecocius. 
huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae. 


subvillosum. 
subvillosum. 
huachucae. 
depauperatum. 
werneri. 
xanthophysum. 
latifolium. 
boreale. 
boreale. 
philadelphicum. 
boreale. 
tennesseense. 
xanthophysum. 
tennesseense. 
virgatum. 
lindheimeri. 
huachucae. 
xanthophysum. 
huachucae. 


leucothrix. 

erectifolium. 
longiligulatum. 

repens. 

lanuginosum. 
lanuginosum. 

aciculare. 

anceps. 

sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
stipitatum. 
arenicoloides. 
scoparium. 

auburne. 

lindheimeri. 

huachucae silvicola. - 
xalapense strictirameum. 
xalapense strictirameum. 


patulum. 
leucothrix. 


-virgatum. 


virgatum. 


346 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


26. 
34. 
o7. 
58. 
60. 
61. 
63. 
66. 
67. 
69. 
73. 
74. 
79. 
87. 
89. 
94. 
98. 
100. 
104. 
az: 
114. 
115. 
ie 
1: 
120. 
125. 
127. 
132. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
141. 
144. 
145. 
156. 
164. 
167. 
172. 
173. 
174. 
182. 
183. 
187: 
192% 
194. 
206. 
215. 
216. 
224. 
225. 
231. 
235. 


hians. 
flavovirens. 
ciliatum. 
erectifolium. 
roanokense. 
tenerum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
scabriusculum. 
hemitomon. 
sphagnicola. 
ensifolium. 
lancearlum. 
hemitomon. 
commutatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
flavovirens in part. 
ciliatum. 
lancearium. 
albomarginatum. 
erectifolium. 
longiligulatum. 
hians. 
virgatum. 
rhizomatum. 
hians. 
chamaelonche. 
patulum in part. 
fusiforme. 
ciliatum. 
ovale. 
commutatum. 
xalapense. 
joorii. 

ovale. 
commutatum. 
arenicoloides. 
malacon. 
hians. 
microcarpon. 
lanuginosum. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


aciculare. 
hians. 
rhizomatum. 
lanuginosum. 
hemitomon. 
lanuginosum. 
aciculare. 
mutabile. 
ovale. 
fusiforme. 
virgatum. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


| Comss, R.—Continued. 


238. 
251. 
250. 
256. 
209. 
262. 
263. 
266. 
267. 
270. 
282. 
287. 
288. 
290. 
294. 
295. 
298. 
299. 
300. 
301. 
305. 
306. 
307. 
320. 
alk. 
329. 
330. 
304, 
337. 
347. 
348. 
304, 
372. 
373. 
374. 
376. 
380. 
381. 
382. 
390. 
391. 
399. 
403. 
406. 
408. 
412. 
415. 
427. 
434, 
437. 
440. 
44). 
443. 


lancearium. 
commutatum. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
rhizomatum. 
hians. 
trifolium. 
nitidum. 
virgatum. 
joorii. 

anceps. 
hemitomon. 
ciliatum. 
wrightianum. 
lanuginosum. 
boscii molle. 
fusiforme. 
mutabile. 
arenicoloides. 
aciculare. 
ravenelli. 
sphaerocarpon. 
mutabile. 
anceps. 
laxiflorum. 
aciculare. 
commutatum. 
boscil. 

boscii. 
wrightianum. 
virgatum. 
wrightianum. 
aciculare. 
joorii. 
angustifolium. 
angustifolium. 
aciculare. 
anceps. 
oligosanthes. 
xalapense. 
microcarpon. 
boscil. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
aciculare 
joorii. 

anceps. 

hians. 

hians. 
virgatum. 
auburne. 
wrightianum. 
hemitomon. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 347 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


444. 
456. 
458. 
467. 
470. 
473. 
475. 
476. 
477. 
487. 
488. 
496. 
516. 
524. 
525. 
526. 
530. 
5372 
539. 
ool. 
552. 
553. 
554. 
560. 
567. 
567a. 
569. 
570. 
571. 
572. 
574. 
576. 
579. 
583. 
584. 
585. 
586. 
587. 
589. 
597. 
601. 
602. 
613. 
615. 
616. 
617. 
619. 
633. 
644. 
645. 
646. 
647. 
648. 


cryptanthum. 
fusiforme. 
virgatum. 
erectifolium. 
anceps. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
tenerum. 
wrightianum. 
tenerum. 
longiligulatum. 
rhizomatum. 
fusiforme. 
wrightianum. 
curtifolium. 
hians. 
tenerum. 
virgatum. 
flavovirens. 
leucothrix. 
wrightianum. 
erectifolium. 
aciculare. 
anceps. 
strigosum. 
aciculare. 
longiligulatum. 
consanguineum. 
longifolium. 
leucothrix. 
tenerum. 
longifolium, 
virgatum. 
combsii. 
strigosum. 
flavovirens. 
anceps. 

hians. 
commutatum. 
virgatum. 
commutatum. 


ravenelii in part. 


villosissimum. 
lucidum. 
scabriusculum. 
leucothrix. 
tenerum. 
rhizomatum. 
longifolium. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
rhizomatum. 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


649. 
650. 
651. 
652. 
653. 
654. 
662. 
664. 
665. 
672. 
673. 
680. 
683. 
686. 
687. 


695. 
700. 
703. 
File 
(Us 
TE 
722. 
731. 
732. 
737. 
738. 
740. 
742. 
743. 
744. 
761. 
752. 
760. 
UT4. 
TH 
778. 
780. 
783. 
793. 
803. 
804. 
814. 
820. 
831. 
832. 
835. 
836. 
838. 
853. 
854. 
855. 
858. 


polycaulon in part. 
albomarginatum. 
consanguineum. 
longiligulatum. 
mutabile. 
virgatum. 
erectifolium. 
wrightianum. 
capulare. 
leucothrix. 
leucothrix. 
hemitomon. 
boscii, 
lancearium. 
dichotomum, 
lucidum. 
virgatum. 
rhizomatum. 
virgatum. 
hemitomon. 
hians. 

anceps. 
virgatum. 
fusiforme. 
lanuginosum. 
equilaterale. 
boscii molle. 
mutabile. 
oligosanthes. 
laxiflorum. 
lancearium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
lancearium. 
paludivagum. 
virgatum cubense. 
patentifolium. 
patentifolium. 
glabrifolium. 
patulum. 
equilaterale. 
caerulescens. 
agrostoides. 
erectifolium. 
rhizomatum. 
hians. 
hemitomon. 
patulum. 
hemitomon. 
sphagnicola. 
fusiforme. 
albomarginatum. 
malacon. 
patulum. 


848 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


859. 
860. 
878. 
879. 
884. 
886. 
887. 
888. 
899. 
909. 
915. 
919. 
921. 
926. 
9263. 
930. 
934. 
935. 
957. 
960. 
961. 
9644. 
971. 
972. 
973. 
979. 
990. 
1008. 
1010. 
1011. 
1012. 
1021. 
1022. 
1023. 
1024. 
1025. 
1036. 
1037. 
1038. 
1049. 
1051. 
1052. 
1053. 
1063. 
1064. 
1068. 
1073. 
1080. 
1085. 
1086. 
1087. 
1088. 
1098. 


patulum. 
jooril. 

anceps. 
agrostoides. 
rhizomatum. 
commutatum. 
virgatum. 
ovale. 
fusiforme. 
laxiflorum. 
agrostoides. 
rhizomatum. 
joorii. 
commutatum. 
equilaterale. 


virgatum cubense. 


lucidum. 
anceps. 
condensum. 
hemitomon. 
agrostoides. 
condensum. 
bartowense. 
anceps. 
condensum. 
nitidum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
nitidum. 
longifolium. 
condensum. 
agrostoides. 
anceps. 
arenicoloides. 
equilaterale. 
glabrifolium. 
lancearium. 
malacon. 
fusiforme. 
commutatum. 
verrucosum. 
rhizomatum. 
paludivagum. 
equilaterale. 
trifolium. 
laxiflorum. 
wrightianum. 
anceps. 

ovale. 
pauciciliatum. 
polycaulon. 
wrightianum. 
flavovirens. 
commutatum. 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


2? 
1116. 
1117. 
1120. 
1125. 
1140. 
1144. 
1154. 
1161. 
1164. 
1168. 
1169. 
1170. 
11803. 
1187. 
1192. 
1195. 
1198. 
1204. 
1206. 
1207. 
1217a. 
1218. 
1220. 
1234. 
1235. 
Waite 
1240. 
1241. 
1246. 
1249. 
WA Ls 
1252. 
1253. 
1261. 
1264. 
1265. 
1266. 
1269. 
1270. 
1280. 
1288. 
1294. 
1297. 
1303. 
1310. 
BOL 
13138. 
1316. 
1323. 
1325. 
1333. 
1338. 


tenerum. 
verrucosum. 
erectifolium. 
agrostoides. 
rhizomatum. 
microcarpon. 
condénsum. 
longifolium. 
malacon. 
webberianum. 
longifolium. 
patulum. 
maximum. 
longifolium. 
glabrifolium. 
rhizomatum. 
hemitomon. 
agrostoides. 
agrostoides. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
rhizomatum. 
lucidum. 
bartowense. 
verrucosum. 
longifolium. 
joorii. 
lancearium. 
fusiforme. 
hians. 
virgatum.. 
dichotomiflorum. 
rhizomatum. 
paludivagum. 
hians. 
rhizomatum. 
barbinode. 
tenerum. 
verrucosum. 
hemitomon. 
virgatum. 
patentifolium. 
verrucosum, 
virgatum. 
rhizomatum. 
maximum. 
barbinode. 
glabrifolium. 
elabrifolium. 
hemitomon. 
hians. 
patentifolium. 
polycaulon. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Comss, R.—Continued. 


1340. 
1343. 
1344. 
1393. 
1394. 
1395. 
1398. 
1400. 
1419. 
1426. 
1427. 
14381. 
1435. 
1436. 
VCommons, A. 
Boe 
205. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
32. 
37. 
38. 
42. 
43. 
45. 
47. 
48. 


230. 
@ Herbarium Instituto fisico-geogr4fico. 


fusiforme. 
fusiforme. 
chamaelonche. 
joorii. 
flavovirens. 
rhizomatum. 
anceps. 

joorii. 
dichotomiflorum. 
gymnocarpon. 
joorii. 

reptans. 
capillare. 
dichotomiflorum. 


hemitomon. 
stipitatum. 
clandestinum. 
scoparium. 
depauperatum. 
capillare. 
scoparium. 
ashei. 
villosissimum.:’ 
lindheimeri. 
commonsianum. 
oricola. 
polyanthes. | 
commutatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
ashei. 
oligosanthes. 
lindheimeri. 
villosissimum in part. 
miliaceum. 


columbianum thinium. 


oricola. 

oricola. 

ashei. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
longifolium. 
anceps. 

amarum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
dichotomiflorum. 


Commons, A.—Continued. 


231. 
281. 
282. 
283. 
284. 
285. 
286. 
289. 
290. 
291. 
YR AO9: 
293. 
294. 
295. 
296. 
297. 
298. 
300. 
301. 
302. 
303. 
304. 
305. 
306. 
307. 
308. 
309. 
340. 
341. 
342. 
343. 
344. 
345. 
346. 
347. 
348. 
349. 
350. 
356. 
357. 
358. 
359. 
360. 
361. 
362. 
363. 
364. 
365. 
| Costa Rica.@ 
| 412. 
| Se 
| 1244. 


verrucosum. 
scribnerianum. 
scribnerianum. 
scoparioides. 
sphaerocarpon. 
microcarpon. 
meridionale. 


huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 


lindheimeri. 


huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 


dichotomum. 
dichotomum. 
barbulatum. 
dichotomum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
clandestinum. 
latifolium in part. 
clandestinum. 
anceps. 
longifolium. 
stipitatum. 
polyanthes. 
polyanthes. 
ashei. 
commutatum. 
spretum. 
commonsianum. 
lanuginosum. 
longifolium. 
longifolium. 
clutei. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
spretum. 

ashei. 
sphaerocarpon. 
ashe. 

ashel. 

wernerl. 
scoparioides. 


huachucae silvicola. 


boscil. 


huachucae silvicola. 


lindheimeri. 


huachucae silvicola. 


tennesseense. 


barbinode. 
polygonatum. 
viscidellum. 


349 


Collectors Biolley, Cooper, Pittier, Tonduz, 


350 


/ Costa Rica—Continued. 
2035. 
2479. 
2598. 
2633. 
2995. 
3071. 
3107. 
S117. 
S128: 
3358. 
3583. 
3619. 
3631. 
3640. 
3651. 
3661. 
3673. 
3679. 
3685. 
3687. 
4042. 
4092. 
4458. 
4459. 
4460. 
4626. 
4860. 
4864. 
4865. 
4871. 
4879. 
4881. 
7360. 
7463. 
7467. 
TA71. 
7878. 
7944. 
8597. 
8566. 
8600. 
8670. 
8818. 
8829. 
9050. 
9080. 
9114. 
9495. 
OT 2ts 
9754. 

10379. 
10576. 
10588. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Costa Rica—Continued. 


stenodes. 
parvifolium. 
millegrana. 
sphaerocarpon. 
olivaceum. 
glutinosum. 
zizanioides. 
barbinode. 
polygonatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
glutinosum. 
rudgei. 
fasciculatum. 
trichoides. 
laxum. 


arenicoloides. 
nudicaule. 


chrysopsidifolium. 


pauciciliatum. 
villosissimum. 
boscii. 
scabriusculum. 
lanuginosum. 
chamaelonche. 
adspersum. 
barbinode. 
maximum. 
condensum. 
geminatum. 


dichotomiflorum. 


cayennense. 
pilosum. 
acuminatum. 
acuminatum. 
diffusum. 
fusiforme. 
laxum. 
diffusum. 
reptans. 
trichanthum. 
reptans. 
trichoides. 
adspersum. 
amarulum. 
rhizomatum. 
tenerum. 
commutatum. 
arenicoloides. 
ovale. 
nudicaule. 
hemitomon. 


fasciculatum. 10589. 
polygonatum. 10594. 
zizanioides. 10615. 
ghiesbreghtii. 10745. 
maximum. 

laxum. 11017. 
polygonatum. 11276. 
laxum. 11393. 
trichoides. 11396. 
viscidellum. 11866. 
stenodes. 12002. 
virgatum. 12064. 
parvifolium. 13749. 
costaricense. 16081. 
trichoides. 16123: 
costaricense. JuRTIss, A. H. 
costaricense. B: 
rudgel. 

cayennense. Dp. 
costaricense. F. 
polygonatum. 

polygonatum. Ke 
trichoides. . Q. 
pulchellum. R. 
pulchellum in part. 2 
costaricense. 1: 
costaricense. 115. 
laxum. 124. 
trichoides. 174. 
laxum. 175. 
rudgel. 177. 
pulchellum. 267. 
pulchellum. 305. 
pilosum. 307. 
hirsutum. 328. 
fasciculatum. 384. 
sphaerocarpon. 406. 
olivaceum. 464. 
polygonatum. 494. 
zizanicues. 536. 
trichanthum. 598. 
trichanthum. 691. 
virgultorum. 714. 
virgultorum. 748. 
maximum. 3978 
parviglume. 3979 
maximum. 

pilosum. 3583* 
fasciculatum. 

trichoides. 

trichoides. 

rudgei. 3585. 
rudgei, 3087. 


angustifolium, 


HITCHCOCK AND 


Curtiss, A. H.—Continued. 


3587*. 
3089. 
3094. 

3597*. 

3597**. 
3599. 
3600A. 


3601. 
3602%*. 
3606**. 
3607. 
3608. 
3609. 
3610. 
4027. 
4028. 
4029. 
4031. 
4033. 
4035. 
4036. 
4636. 
4637. 
4811. 
4812. 
4877. 
4878. 
0083. 
5084. 
0202. 
5289. 
5298. 
5302. 
5386. 
5431. 
5457. 
5527. 
5534. 
5537. 
5076. 
ddT6A. 
5576B. 
5576C. 
5588. 
5747. 
5804. 
5808. 
5813. 
5864. 


arenicoloides. 
fasciculatum. 
hians. 
strigosum. 
maximum. 
erectifolium. 
dichotomum. 
equilaterale. 
lancearium. 
nitidum. 
pauciciliatum. 
geminatum. 


chamaelonche. 


adspersum. 
chapmani. 
verrucosum. 
virgatum. 


scabriusculum. 


commutatum. 
arenicoloides. 
lancearium. 
strigosum. 


longiligulatum. 


tenerum. 
verrucosum. 
commutatum. 
webberianum. 
hemitomon. 
erectifolium. 
ovale. 


scabriusculum. 


tenerum. 
virgatum. 
verrucosum. 
rhizomatum. 
condensum. 
agrostoides. 
bartowense. 
adspersum. 
chapmani. 
amarulum. 
hians. 
xalapense. 
condensum. 
condensum. 
longifolium. 
tenerum. 


chamaelonche. 


rhizomatum. 
chamaelonche. 
verrucosum. 
ovale. 
oligosanthes, 


CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 851 


Curtiss, A. H.—Continued. 


5866. 
5912. 


5936. 


6047. 


6403. 
6513. 
6601. 
6602. 


6610. 


6616. 
6626. 


6627. 
6628. 
6635. 


6636. 


6639. 
6652. 
6705. 
6791. 
6803. 
6811. 
6817. 


6827. 
6828. 
6836. 
6867. 
6887. 
6888. 
6890. 
6919. 


6925A. 
CUTHBERT, A. 


382. 
387. 
388. 


392. 
427. 


431. 

529. 

962. 
1015. 
LES: 
1120. 
1121. 
1128. 
1157. 
1158. 
1159. 
1160. 
1161. 


1162. 


1163. 


ovale. 
wrightianum. 
anceps. 

boscii molle. 
lucidum. 
repens. 
lucidum. 
xalapense. 
webberianum. 
ovale. 
lancearium. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
xalapense. 
roanokense. 
aciculare. 
wrightianum. 
adspersum. 
xalapense. 
angustifolium. 
auburne. 
erectifolium. 
leucothrix. 
lanuginosum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
hians. 
miliaceum. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
agrostoides. 
combsil. 
combsii. 


trifolium. 
villosissimum. 
depauperatum. 
boscii molle. 
ashei. 
annulum. 
lucidum. 
dichotomum. 
virgatum cubense. 
xalapense. 
villosissimum. 
oligosanthes. 
agrostoides. 
sphaerocarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
trifolium. 
ensifolium. 
microcarpon. 
boscii molle, 
ashei, 


352 


CuTHBERT, A.—Continued. 


1164. 
1165. 
1166. 
1167. 
© de LU gs dene isla) 5 
5894. 
5971. 
6092. 
6745. 
6780. 
” DEaM, C. C. 
424, 
2065. 
2638. 
3218. 
5386. 
5392. 
6041. 
6143. 
6267. 
6268. 
6467. 
6595. 
6753. 
6883. 
'¥ Dewey, L. H. 
53. 
(3 
92. 
134. 
235. 
280. 
408. 
Doper, C. K. 
lie 
20. 
38. 
49, 
60. 
62. 
78. 
83. 
84. 
124. 
128. 
130. 


Dorner, H. B. 


pseudopubescens. 
angustifolium. 
aciculare. 
oligosanthes. 


pacificum. 
occidentale. 
occidentale. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 


trichanthum. 
tennesseense. 
virgatum. 
linearifolium. 
boscil. 
polyanthes. 
trichoides. 
molle. 
fasciculatum. 
maximum. 
ashel. 
commutatum. 
perlongum. 
xalapense. 


anceps. 
boscii molle. 
boscii molle. 
virgatum. 
boscil. 
boscil. 
verrucosum. 


leibergii. 
leibergii. 
implicatum. 
lindheimeri. 
villosissimum. 
leibergii. 
depauperatum. 
villosissimum. 
leibergil. 
flexile. 

flexile. 

flexile. 


virgatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
leibergil. 
latifolium. 
dichotomum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


virgatum, 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Dorner, H. B.—Continued. 


86. dichotomiflorum. 
87. gattingeri. 
88. scribnerianum. 
91. huachucae silvicola. 
93. huachucae silvicola. - 
DRuMMOND, T. 
286. filipes. 
367. hemitomon. 
381. scoparium. 
384. filipes. 
394.  filipes. 
452. patulum. 
454. huachucae silvicola. 
456. xalapense. 
457. xalapense. 
: 461. hemitomon. 
Y Duss, PERE. 
536. diffusum. 
537. . fasciculatum. 
538. fasciculatum. 
539. barbinode. 
1288. maximum. 
1290. reptans. 
1293. geminatum. 
1321. trichoides. 
2681. trichoides. 
2689. barbinode. 
2690. geminatum. 
2691. fasciculatum. 
3177. utowanaeum. 
3178. .dichotomiflorum. 
3179. laxum. 
3180. adspersum. 
3184. ghiesbreghtii. 
3186. maximum. 
3029. reptans. 
3584. geminatum. 
3917. hirsutum. 
3919. condensum. 
4154. pilosum. 
+ Farce, F.S., anp BAKER, C. F. 
1522. pseudopubescens. 
1527. auburne. 
1530. wilmingtonense in part. 
1531. commutatum. 
1532. curtifolium. 
1535. trifolium in part. 
1537. pseudopubescens. 
1544. annulum. 
2455. reptans,.i_ 
Meier ALORS ate 
164. agrostoides. . 
bartowense. _ 
165, agrostoides, 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Eaton, A. A.—Continued. 

169. joowil. 

242. agrostoides. 

341. anceps. 

467. bartowense. 

574. hemitomon. 

578. erectifolium. 

589. xalapense. 

831. xalapense. 

’ Eacers, Hel: A: 

165. laxum. 

293. reptans. 
1226. maximum. 
1328. barbinode. 
1329. . laxum.* 
2129. xalapense. 
3978. exiguiflorum. 
4305. caerulescens. 
4312. caerulescens. 
4405. dichotomiflorum. 
4512. dichotomiflorum. 
4870. barbinode. 
4875. fasciculatum. 
5350. trichanthum. 
5406. ghiesbreghtii. 
5534. pilosum. 
5810. zizanioides. 
5987. trichoides. 

14149. stoloniferum. 
14345. megiston. 
14481. trichoides. 
14585. laxum. 
15417. trichoides. 

- 15418. fasciculatum. 
15419. ghiesbreghtii. 
15422. zizanioides. 

. 15834. . fasciculatum. 

vEGceERT, H. 
7. commutatum. 
10. angustifolium. 
12. scoparium. 
13. sphaerocarpon.. 
14. polyanthes. 
15. microcarpon. 
20. dichotomum. 
21. strigosum. 
22. commutatum. 
23. sphaerocarpon. 
24. trifolium. 
26. .boscii. 
30. _huachucae silvicola. 
34. lindheimeri. 
-39. depauperatum. 
41616°—vo1 15—10——23 


308 


EaaGert, H.—Continued. 


40. 

42. 

43, 

AA. 
44}. 

45, 

46. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

78. 

82. 

86. 

89. 

95. 
110. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
Liza 
124. 
125. 
126. 
oe 
233. 
234. 
235. 
236. 
237. 
239. 
240. 
21. 
242. 
243. 
244, 
245. 
246. 
249. 
250. 
253. 
O54. 
O57. 
287. 
288. 
289. 
290. 
291. 
292. 
293. 
295. 
296. 
297. 


boscil. 
laxiflorum. 
commutatum. 
ashel. 
dichotomum. 
commutatum. 
dichotomum. 
philadelphicum. 
verrucosum. 
scoparium. 
microcarpon. 
scoparium. 
xalapense. 
microcarpon. 
polyanthes. 
dichotomiflorum. 
clandestinum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
scoparium. 
hians. 
huachucae silvicola. 
agrostoides. 
virgatum. 
xalapense. 
depauperatum. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
microcarpon. 
lindheimeri. 
latifolium. 
polyanthes. 
flexile. 
tennesseense. 
tennesseense. 
huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae silvicola. 
dichotomum. 
scribnerianum. 
polyanthes. 
clandestinum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
commutatum. 
microcarpon. 
nitidum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
commutatum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
scribnerianum. 
tennesseense. 
scribnerianum. 


304 


Vv Eaateston, W. W. 


1757. 
1758. 
1759. 
2181. 
2843. 
/ FarweE Lt, O. 
597. 
597b. 
597d. 
642. 
643. 
643a. 
643b. 
750. 
764. 
893. 
1378. 
1382. 


1388. 
1414. 
¥ Fenpier, A. 
368. 
946. 
1634. 
1638. 
16389. 
1641. 
1643. 
2499. 
/ FERNALD, M. 
166. 
166a. 
Zour 
edi 
216: 
280. 
292. 
345. 
346. 
361. 
406. 
500. 
501. 
502. 
503. 
504. 
505. 
506. 
508. 
509. 
O10. 
ol2. 


werneri. 
subvillosum. 
dichotomum. 
tennesseense. 
tsugetorum. © 


linearifolium. 
implicatum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


subvillosum. 
boreale. 
implicatum. 
huachucae. 
perlongum. 
xanthophysum. 
fiexile. 
latifolium. — 
huachucae. 


huachucae silvicola. 


sphaerocarpon. 
miliaceum. 


pilosum. 
polygonatum. 
zizanioides. 
sphaerocarpon. 
olivaceum. 
millegrana. 
trichanthum. 
trichoides. 


tennesseense. 
tennesseense. 
boreale 
virgatum. 
latifolium. 
scribnerianum. 
clandestinum. 
xanthophysum. 
latifolium. 
philadelphicum. 
dichotomum. 
implicatum. 
subvillosum. 
implicatum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


imphcatum. 
boreale. 
wernerl. 
boreale. 


huachucae silvicola. 


spretum. 
boreale. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


a 


FERNALD, M. L.—Continued. 


513. 

514. 

516. 

517. 

518. 

519. 

520. 

621. 

2802. 
GARDNER, G. 
1178. 

TWAS 

1183. 

1876. 

2303- 

2357. 

2361. 

3517. 
GRAVES, C. B. 


boreale. 

boreale. 

boreale. 

boreale. 
clandestinum. 
xanthophysum. 
xanthophysum. 
xanthophysum. 
philadelphicum. 


rudgel. 
megiston. 
laxum. 
molle. 

molle. 
fasciculatum. 
molle. 
laxum. 


huachucae. 

werneri. 

huachucae silvicola. 
columbianum. - 
tennesseense. 
barbulatum. 
villosissimum. 
bicknellit. 


. werner. 


werneri. 
lindheimeri. 
boreale. 
implicatum. 
spretum. 

boreale. 
columbianum. 
columbianum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
spretum. 

ashei. 

huachucae silvicola. 
spretum. 
lindheimeri. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
implicatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
philadelphicum. 
meridionale. 
meridionale. 
stipitatum. 
virgatum cubense. 
longifolium. 
longifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


V GRIFFITHS, ia 


od 


re 

15. 
22. 
53. 
82. 
120. 
132. 
206. 
207. 
242. 
278. 
295. 
371. 
395. 
399. 
548. 
684. 
7ol. 
836. 
863. 
871. 
1514. 
1520. 
1545. 


1546. 
1596. 
1616. 


1654. 


1810: 
1813. 
1913. 
1918. 
1935. 
1938. 
2006. 
3309. 
3313. 
3356. 
3308. 
3362. 


3388. 
3405. 
3427. 


4438. 


4476. 


4617. 


4811. 


5047. 


5196. 


barbipulvinatum. 
capillare. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
capillare. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
capillare. 
virgatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
scribnerianum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
virgatum. 
leibergii. 
perlongum. 
scribnerianum. 
obtusum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
obtusum. 
arizonicum. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
arizonicum. 
hallii. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
obtusum. 
hirticaule. 
obtusum. 
obtusum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
hallii. 
obtusum. 
plenum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
bulbosum sciaphilum. 
virgatum. 
obtusum, 


GRIFFITHS, D.—Continued. 


5401. 
5463. 
5504. 
5542. 
5551. 
5600. 
5612. 
5664. 
5735. 
5852. 
5981. 
6123. 
6151. 
6168. 
6288. 
6306. 
6323. 
6380. 
6381. 
6387. 
6432. 
6441, 
6445. 
6446. 
6508. 
6551. 
6586. 
6737. 
6747. 
6758. 
6759. 

67854. 
6799. 
6800. 
6857. 
6891. 
6892. 
6894. 
6929. 
6938. 
6939. 

69394. 
6959. 
6990. 
7005. 
7017. 
7063. 
7083. 
7143. 
7146. 
7148. 
7194, 


scribnerianum. 


virgatum. 
hallii. 
obtusum. 


barbipulvinatum. 


hallii. 
obtusum. 
virgatum. 
havardii. 


barbipulvinatum. 


arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
arizonicum. 
hallii. 
geminatum. 
filipes. 
ramisetum. 


ciliatissimum. 


filipes. 


ciliatissimum. 
ciliatissimum. 
ciliatissimum. 


firmulum. 
fasciculatum. 


sphaerocarpon. 


pacificum. 
arizonicum. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 


399 


bulbosum sciaphilum. 


hirticaule. 
obtusum. 
fasciculatum. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum., 
arizonicum. 
arizonicum. 


_arizonicum. 


pampinosum. 
obtusum. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
lepidulum. 
bulbosum. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule, 


V 


506 


GRIFFITHS, D.—Continued. 


7288 


"7297. 


7299. 


7317. 
7357. 
7399. 
7400. 
7401. 
7408. 


f Hatt, EB. 


231. 
671. 
672. 
815. 
816. 
817. 
819. 
820. 
823. 
824. 
825. 


827. 
828. 


829. 
830. 
831. 
832. 
833. 
834. 


HANSEN, G. 


599. 
626. 
1381. 
1444. 
1723. 


Harper, R. M. 
15: 


60. 
70. 
74. 
(he 
88. 
95. 


104. 


110. 
146. 
147. 


obtusum. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

hirticaule. 

halli. 

arizonicum in part. 

plenum. | 

plenum. 

hallii. 


wilcoxianum. 
pacificum. 
scribnerianum. 
hians. 
hallii in part. 
dichotomiflorum. 
agrostoides. 
hemitomon. 
geminatum. 
ciliatissimum. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
obtusum. 
jooril. 
boscil. 
scoparium. 
helleri. 
commutatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
angustifolium. 
ovinum. 
pedicellatum. 
nitidum. 


capillare. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
occidentale. 


boscii molle. 
commutatum. 
clandestinum. 
microcarpon. 
xalapense. 
lucidum. 
dichotomum. 
polyanthes. 
sdéoparium. 
oligosanthes. 
mutabile. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Harper, R. M.—Continued. 


150. 
183. 
184. 
210. 
221. 
281. 
369. 
382. 
410. 
429. 
459. 
522. 
631. 
638. 
742. 
757. 
765. 
767. 
828. 
829. 
838. 
839. 
881. 
1007. 
1037. 
- 1045. 
1081. 
1085. 
1087. 
1105. 
1106. 
1220. 
1239. 
1349. 
1366. 
1394. 
1399. 
1435. 
1485. 
1575. 
1623. 
1679. 
1689. 
1730. 
1760. 
1812. 
2014. 
2140. 


‘Harr, J. 


73. 
78. 
87. 
726, 


scoparium. 
xalapense. 
philadelphicum. 
scoparium. 
commutatum. 
microcarpon. 
anceps. 


dichotomiflorum. 


scabriusculum. 
virgatum. 
longiligulatum. 
eymnocarpon. 
virgatum. 
verrucosum. 
amarum. 
arenicoloides. 
lanuginosum. 
jooril. 
angustifolium. 
ensifolium. 
hians. 
longiligulatum. 
scabriusculum. 
hemitomon. 
virgatum. 
tenerum. 
combsii. 
xalapense. ~ 
sphaerocarpon. 
microcarpon. 
joori. 
virgatum. 
agrostoides. 
yadkinense. 
boscil. 
erectifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
mutabile. 
erectifolium. 
longiligulatum. 
commutatum. 
combsii. 
lancearium. 
agrostoides. 
lucidum. 
boscil. 
combsii. 
xalapense. 


polygonatum. 
fasciculatum. 
trichanthum. 
zizani1oldes. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Hart, J.—Continued. 


132. 
736. 
785. 
792. 
797. 
806. 
838. 
840. 
PAW 
2289. 
: 3293. 
“ Heuer, A. A. 
100. 
135. 
157. 
ot t« 
387. 
497. 
522. 
ddl. 
639. 
701. 
968. 
982. 
982b. 
1312. 
1316. 
1378. 
1490. 
1603. 
1726. 
1736. 
1741. 
his. 
1759. 
1766. 
1883. 


1888. 
1898. 
3978. 
4058. 
4082. 
4083. 
4084. 
4085. 
4088. 
4103. 
4120. 
4145. 
4160. 
4209. 
4210. 


pilosum. 
acuminatum. 
fasciculatum. 
glutinosum. 
maximum. 
geminatum. 
reptans. 
fasciculatum. 
laxum. 
laxum. 
pilosum. 


barbinode. 
fasciculatum. 
trichoides. 
maximum. 
trichoides. 
reptans. 
laxum. 
trichoides. 
pauciciliatum. 
flexile. 
polyanthes, 
chrysopsidifolium. 
pauciciliatum. 
tsugetorum. 
parvifolium. 


laxum. 


filipes. 
reverchoni. 
pedicellatum. 
pedicellatum. 
obtusum. 
lindheimeri. 
helleri. 
pedicellatum. 
filipes. 
dichotomiflorum. 
lindheimeri. 
plenum. 
occidentale. 
scribnerianum. 
anceps. 
commutatum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


xalapense. 
microcarpon. 
hians. 


_joorii. 


hians. 
tennesseense. 
xalapense. 
dichotomiflorum. 


357 


HELLER, A. A.—Continued. 


4221. brachyanthum. 
4235. agrostoides. 
4236. scoparlum. 
4237. microcarpon. 
4238. consanguineum. 
4246. dichotomiflorum. 
4528. fasciculatum. 
4768. commutatum. 
4769. dichotomum. 
4770. ashel. 
microcarpon. 
4771. boscii. 
4772. polyanthes. 
4774. tennesseense. 
4775. depauperatum. 
4776. barbulatum. 
4777. flexile. 
4778. tennesseense. 
4779. boscii molle. 
4780. ashel. 
4781. clandestinum. 
4783. dichotomum. 
4785. huachucae silvicola. 
4786. flexile. 
4787. microcarpon. ~ 
4789. philadelphicum. 
4790. meridionale. 
4791. huachucae silvicola. 
6094. trichoides. 
6226. fasciculatum. 
6293. barbinode. 
6302. fasciculatum. 
6442. pauciciliatum. 
7856. pacificum. 
Je lice pase Opa le 
37 in 1907. praecocius. 
49 in 1909. praecocius. 
50 in 1909. boreale. 
53 in 1907. albemarlense. 
83 in 1908. huachucae  silvi- 
cola. 
84in 1908. dichotomum. 
85 in 1908. huachucae  silvi- 
cola. 
86 in 1908. tennesseense. 
88 in 1908. sphaerocarpon. 
90 in 1908. sphaerocarpon. 
91 in 1906. leibergii. 
97 in 1908. boreale. 
98 in 1905. meridionale. 
98 in 1908. huachucae. 
99 in 1905. implicatum. 
100 in 1905. pseudopubescens. 


358 


Hix, E. J.—Continued. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Hircxcock, A. S.—Continued. 


101 in 1905. pseudopubescens. 125. barbulatum. 
124 in 1905. tsugetorum. 126. albemarlense. 
128 in 1906. spretum. 127. implicatum. 
129 in 1905. tsugetorum. 129. agrostoides. 
129 in 1906. barbulatum. 130. implicatum. 
130 in 1905. huachucae. 132. implicatum. 
141 in 1905. tennesseense. 133. huachucae. 
145 in 1906. meridionale. 134. tsugetorum. 
158 in 1906. clandestinum. 135. tsugetorum. 
162 in 1878. tennesseense. 136. huachucae silvicola. 
162 in 1906. spretum. 137. huachucae silvicola. 
163 in 1906. implicatum. 138. tennesseense. 
171 in 1907. huachucae. 139. tennesseense. 
177 in 1898. -verrucosum. 140. acuminatum. 
182 in 1907. huachucae. 141. utowanaeum. 
1834 in 1907. lindheimeri. » 142. geminatum. 
184 in 1907. implicatum. 143. geminatum. 
185 in 1907. implicatum. 144. distantiflorum. 
201 in 1898. oligosanthes. 145. reptans. 
217 in 1898. huachucae. 146. reptans. 
Hircucock, A. S. 150. dichotomiflorum. 
4. nitidum. 151. dichotomiflorum. 
6. yadkinense. 152. elephantipes. 
7. philadelphicum. 153. virgatum cubense. 
10. auburne. 154. tenerum. 
14. leucothrix. 155. stenodes. 
15. nitidum. 156. maximum. 
16. longiligulatum. 157. maximum. 
17. aciculare. 160. ovale. 
19. boscii. 161. villosissimum. 
20. oligosanthes. 162. fasciculatum chartagi- 
25. flavovirens. nense. 
26. sphaerocarpon inflatum. 163. texanum. 
47. oricola. 164. verrucosum. 
102. ashei. 165. philadelphicum. 
104. rhizomatum. 166. philadelphicum. 
OZ ovale® 167. gattingeri. 
108. arenicoloides. 168. amarulum. 
109. neuranthum. 169. amarum. 
110. xalapense. 170. virgatum. 
111. laxiflorum. 171. virgatum. 
112. polycaulon. 172. condensum. 
114, fusiforme. 174. condensum. 
115. polycaulon. 175. rhizomatum 
116. chrysopsidifolium. 177. laxum. 
117. fusiforme. 178. laxum. 
118. bicknellii. 179. exiguiflorum. 
M9.) maitidium:, 180. millegrana. 
120. boreale. 181. parvifolium. . 
121. boreale. 2C1. bicknellii. 
122. dichotomum. 215. scoparium. 
123. barbulatum. 216. verrucosum. 
124. barbulatum. 217. dichotomiflorum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Hircucock, A. S.—Continued. 


218. 
219. 
220. 
221. 
222. 
229. 
226. 
227. 
228. 
229. 
230. 
310. 
316. 
326. 
302. 
330. 
336. 
337. 
308. 
339. 
340. 
341. 
342. 
343. 
344. 
345. 
346. 
347. 
348. 
049. 
300. 
bol. 
302. 
303. 
304. 
306. 
307. 
309. 
360. 
361. 
362. 
063. 
364. 
365. 
366. 
367. 
368. 
369. 
370. 
371. 
372. 
373. 
O74, 


capillarioides. 
hallii. 

filipes. 

hallii. 

boscii. 
stipitatum. 
virgatum. 
amarum. 
anceps. 

anceps. 

anceps 
rhizomatum. 
wilmingtonense. 
commonsianum. 
tenue. 
addisonii. 
commonsianum 
flavovirens. 
chamaelonche. 
chamaelonche. 
depauperatum. 
depauperatum. 
ciliatum. 
xalapense. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
angustifolium. 
angustifolium. 
arenicoloides. 
arenicoloides. 
arenicoloides. 
bicknellii. 


mattamuskeetense. 


caerulescens. 
dichotomum. 
barbulatum. 
barbulatum. 
yadkinense. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
lucidum. 
microcarpon. 
cryptanthum. 
longiligulatum. 
wrightianum. 
wrightianum. 


359 


Hircucock, A. S.—Continued. 


379. 
376. 
377. 
378. 
379. 
380. 
381. 
384. 
385. 
386. 
387. 
389. 
390. 
391. 
392. 
393. 
394. 
395. 
396. 
397. 
398. 
099. 
406. 
407. 
408. 
410. 
411. 
413. 
414. 
416. 
417. 
418. 
419. 
420. 
421. 
422. 
423. 
424. 
425. 
426. 
427. 
428. 
429. 
430. 
431. 
432. 
433. 
434. 
435. 
436. 
437. 
438. 
439. 


longiligulatum. 
leucothrix. 
leucothrix. 
spretum. 
spretum. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
meridionale. 
meridionale. 
lanuginosum. 
lanuginosum. 
lanuginosum. 
lanuginosum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
pseudopubescens. 
pseudopubescens. 
addisonil. 
columbianum thinium. 


‘commonsianum. 


commonsianum. 
polyanthes. 
erectifolium. 
patulum. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
ravenelii. 
equilaterale. 
ashel. 

ashel. 

ashei. 

ashei. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
commutatum., 
mutabile. 
mutabile. 
clandestinum. 
clandestinum. 
latifolium. 
boscii molle. 
boscii molle. 
boscil molle. 
scoparium. 
scabriusculum. 
philadelphicum. 


360 


Hrrcucocxr, A. §.—Continued. 


440, 
44], 
442. 
444, 
445. 
446. 
447. 
448. 
449. 
450. 
451. 
503. 
505. 
500. 
dol. 
502. 
503. 
504. 
500. 
506. 
507. 
508. 
062. 
563. 
564. 
565. 
566. 
567. 
568. 
569. 
570. 
O71. 
572. 
573. 
574. 
579. 
576. 
O77. 
578. 
579. 
580. 
581. 
582. 
583. 
O84. 
589. 
586. 
587. 
588. 
589. 
590. 
591. 
592. 


amarulum. 
amarum. 
virgatum. 
condensum. 
agrostoides. 
longifolium. 
longifolium. 
anceps. 
anceps. 
rhizomatum. 
hians. © 

ashei. 
tennesseense. 
ovale. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
spretum. 
leucothrix. 
albomarginatum. 
addisonii. 
addisonil. 
oricola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
patentifolium. 
ashei. 

ashel. 

ashel. 

ashei. 

ashel. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
mutabile. 
equilaterale. 
equilaterale. 
joori. 

jooril. 
malacophyllum. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 


-clandestinum. 


clandestinum. 
clandestinum. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
latifolium. 
boscli. 

boscil. 

boscii molle. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Hitcucock, A. §.—Continued. 


593. 
594. 
595. 
596. 
597. 
598. 
599. 
613. 
627. 

6274. 
630. 
633. 
634, 
636. 
639. 
648. 
652. 
653. 
654. 
655. 
658. 
659. 
660. 
661. 
664, 
665. 
666. 
667. 
668. 
670. 
673. 
674. 
677. 
678. 
679. 
687. 
688. 

6894. 
690. 
692. 
695. 
696. 
697. 
699. 
705. 
706. 
710. 
711. 
712. 
73 
714. 
715. 
TBs 


t 


scoparium. 
scoparium. 
scabriusculum. 
microcarpon. 
linearifolium. 
linearifolium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
geminatum. 
fusiforme. 
virgatum. 
webberianum. 
equilaterale. 
ovale. 

joorii. 
albomareinatum. 
bartowense. 
joorii. 
equilaterale. 
patulum. 
equilaterale. 
bartowense. 
xalapense. 

jooril. 

ovale. 
lancearium. 
polycaulon. 
albomarginatum. 
albomarginatum. 
ovale. 
albomarginatum. 
xalapense. 

joorii. 

ovale. 
lancearium. 
albomarginatum. 
nitidum. 

ovale. 
polycaulon. 
caerulescens. 
albomarginatum. 
condensum. 
hemitomon. 
bartowense. 
condensum. 
neuranthum 
caerulescens. 
neuranthum. 
polycaulon. 
trifolium. 
lancearium. 
albomarginatum. 
caerulescens. 
nitidum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 861 


Hitcucocr, A. S.—Continued. ’ | Hitcucock, A. S.—Continued. 
719. ovale. 797. pauciciliatum. 
720. albomarginatum. 798. vernale. 

721. polycaulon. 800. leucothrix. 
728. virgatum. 801. malacon. 
729. chamaelonche. 802. patentifolium. 
730. patentifolium. | 803. pauciciliatum. 
733. pauciciliatum. 804. pauciciliatum. 
734. breve. ; 805. leucothrix. 
735. webberianum. 806. chamaelonche. 
737. pauciciliatum. 807. chamaelonche. 
743. virgatum cubense. 808. pauciciliatum. 
744. hemitomon. 809. vernale. 
W747. condensum. 811. webberianum. 
748. webberianum. 813. malacon. 
750. pauciciliatum. 814. nitidum. 
755. patentifolium. 817. albomarginatum. 
756. joorii. 818. chamaelonche. 
757. commutatum. 819. pauciciliatum. 
759. chamaelonche. 820. ovale. 
760. joorii. 821. lancearium. 
761. albomarginatum. . 823. albomarginatum. 
7614. ovale. 824. lancearium. 
762. polycaulon: ; 825. lancearium. 
763. polycaulon. 826. albomarginatum. 
764. lancearium. 827. polycaulon. 
765. patulum. 828. chamaelonche. 
7654. webberianum. 833. ovale. 
766. lancearium. 834. fusiforme. 
7664. webberianum. 835. angustifolium. 
767. patentifolium. 836. polycaulon. 
7674. flavovirens. 837. fusiforme. 
768. albomarginatum. -838. albomarginatum. 
769. chamaelonche. 8384. webberianum. 
770. lancearium. 839. albomarginatum. 
771. polycaulon. 840. webberianum. 
772. polycaulon. 843. polycaulon. 
773. xalapense. 844. lancearium. 
774. nitidum. 845. malacon. 
775. chrysopsidifolium. 846. ovale. 
778. chamaelonche. 847. ovale. 
779. trifolium. 848. albomarginatum. 
781. chamaelonche. 849. lancearium. 
782. webberianum. 850. fusiforme. 
784. lancearium. 851. ovale. 
785. ovale. 855. webberianum. 
786. fusiforme. 856. patentifolium. 
787. ovale. 863. hemitomon. 
791. fusiforme. 864. lancearium. 
792. webberianum. 865. chamaelonche. 
793. pauciciliatum. 866. chamaelonche. 
794. chamaelonche. 867. curtifolium. 
795. vernale. 868. polycaulon. 
796. patentifolium. 869. lancearium. 
>, 


362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Hitcucock, A. §.—Continued. 


870. 
872. 
873. 
874. 
875. 
876. 
87. 
880. 
881. 
882. 
884. 
885. 
886. 
887. 
888. 
889. 
890. 
893. 
895. 
897. 
898. 
899. 
900. 
9014. 
903. 
904. 
905. 
906. 
908. 
909. 
910. 
911. 
912. 
913. 
914. 
915. 
9152. 
916. 
918. 
919. 
920. 
921. 
922. 
923. 
9231. 
924. 
927. 
928. 
929. 
930. 
9303. 
931. 
932. 


albomarginatum. 


hians. 
chamaelonche. 
erectifolium. 
longiligulatum. 


albomarginatum. 


fusiforme. 


albomarginatum. 


longiligulatum. 


albomarginatum. 
albomarginatum. 


chamaelonche. 


albomarginatum. 


chamaelonche. 
Jancearium. 
pauciciliatum. 
trifolium. 
glabrifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
caerulescens. 
nitidum. 
fusiforme. 
ovale. 
flavovirens. 
polycaulon. 
caerulescens. 
flavovirens. 
xalapense. 
nitidum. 
joorii. 
webberianum. 
lancearium. 
fusiforme. 
lancearium. 
ovale. 
caerulescens. 
patentifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
webberianum. 
lucidum. 
trifolium. 
trifolium. 
patulum. 
fusiforme. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
xalapense. 
chamaelonche. 
lancearium. 
patentifolium. 
webberianum. 
vernale. 
lancearium. 


Hircucocx, A. §8.—Continued. 


933. 
934. 
935. 
936. 
937. 
938. 

9381. 
939. 
940. 
941. 
942. 
943. 
944. 
945, 
946. 
947. 
949. 
950. 
951. 
952. 
953. 
954. 
955. 
956. 
957. 
958. 

9584. 
959. 
960. 
961. 
962. 
963. 
964. 
965. 
966. 
968. 
969. 
970. 
971. 
972. 
973. 
974. 
975. 

‘976. 
977. 
978. 
979. 
980. 
984. 
985. 
986. 
987. 
988. 


polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
xalapense. 
vernale. 
lancearium. 
trifolium. 
roanckense. 
roanckense. 
trifolium. 
vernale. 
vernale. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
albomarginatum. 
patulum. 
joorii. 
albomarginatum. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
chamaelonche. 
trifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
webberianum. 
lancearium. 
longiligulatum. 
longiligulatum. 
vernale. 
vernale. 
vernale. 
nitidum. 
trifolium. 
albomarginatum. 
fusiforme. 
caerulescens. 
glabrifolium. 
ovale. 
patentifolium. 
patentifolium. 
patentifolium. 
webberianum. 
chamaelonche. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
joorii. 
lancearium. 
elabrifolium. 
webberianum. 
fusiforme. 
aneustifolium. 
chamaelonche. 
consanguineum. 
roanokense. 
longiligulatum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 3863 


Hitcucocxk, A. S.—Continued. 


989. 
990. 
991. 
992. 
993. 
994. 
997. 
998. 
999. 

1000. 
1003. 
1004. 
1005. 

10054. 

1006. 
1008. 
1009. 
1010. 
10104. 
1011. 
1012. 
1013. 
10134. 
1014. 
1015. 
1016. 
1019. 
1020. 
1021. 
1022. 
1023. 
1024. 
1025. 
1026. 
1027. 
1028. 
1032. 
1033. 
1035. 
1036. 
1037. 
1038. 
1039. 
10393. 
1040. 
1041. 
1042. 
1043. 
1046. 
1047. 
1048. 
1049. 
1050. 


ackulare. 
albomarginatum. 
ciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
ciliatum. 
lancearium. 
trifolium. 
roanokense. 
consanguineum. 
ciliatum. 
lancearium. 
vernale. 
longiligulatum. 
spretum. 
sphagnicola. 
commutatum. 
laxiflorum. 
ravenelii. 
boscil molle. 
joorii. 
arenicoloides. 
ovale. 


pseudopubescens. 


oligosanthes. 
mutabile. 
lancearium. 
ciliatum. 
vernale. 
albomarginatum. 
albomarginatum. 
trifolium. 
webberianum. 
lancearium. 
lucidum. 
chamaelonche. 
lancearium. 
lanuginosum. 
lancearium. 
mutabile. 
ciliatum. 
chamaelonche. 
trifolium. 
angustifolium. 
lancearium. 
ciliatum. 
vernale. 
trifolium. 
strigosum. 
villosissimum. 
ravenelii. 


pseudopubescens. 


commutatum. 
trifolium. 


Hitcucocr, A. §.—Continued. 


1052. 
1053. 
1054. 
1055. 
1058. 
1059. 
1062. 
1063. 
1066. 
1067. 
1068. 
1069. 
1070. 
1072. 
1073. 
1077. 
10773. 
1078. 
1079. 
1080. 
1081. 
1082. 
1083. 
1084. 
1087. 
1088. 
1089. 
1090. 
1091. 
1092. 
1093. 
1094. 
1095. 
1096. 
1099. 
1100. 
1101. 
1102. 
1103. 
1104. 
1105. 
1106. 
1107. 
1108. 
1109. 
1111. 
1112. 
1113. 
1114. 
1115. 
1124. 
1126. 
1127. 


scabriusculum. 
trifolium. 
fusiforme. 
oligosanthes. 
curtifolium. 
lucidum. 
ciliatum. 
trifolium. 
vernale. 
ensifolium. 
longiligulatum. 
consanguineum. 
consanguineum. 
trifolium. 
xalapense. 
arenicoloides. 
ovinum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
pseudopubescens. 
nitidum. 
aciculare. 
consanguineum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
angustifolium. 
trifolium. 
trifolium. 
pseudopubescens. 
aneustifolium. 
vernale. 
lancearium. 
curtifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
pseudopubescens, 
sphaerocarpon. 
trifolium. 
polycaulon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
mutabile. 
commutatum. 
angustifolium. 
oligosanthes. 
ravenelii. 
commutatum. 
villosissimum. 
trifolium. 
pseudopubescens. 
pauciciliatum. 
chamaelonche. 
angustifolium. 
xalapense. 
sphaerocarpon. 
aciculare. 


364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Hitcucocxk, A. S.—Continued. 
1128. 
1129. 
1130. 
Se 
1132. 
IW ey 
1134. 
1135. 
1136. 
ius) 
1138. 
1139. 

11398. 
1140. 
1141. 
1142. 
1143. 
1144. 
1146. 
1147. 
1148. 
1149. 
1150. 
1151, 
1152), 
1153. 
1154. 
1155. 
1156. 
1162. 
1163. 
1164. 
1165. 
ele /ales 
alle 
G3: 
1174. 
1175. 
1179. 
1181. 
1182. 
1184. 
1186. 
1187. 
1190. 
1192. 
1193. 
1194, 
1195: 
1202. 
1203. 
1207. 
1208. 


nitidum. 
lanuginosum. 
trifolium. 
ovinum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
hians. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
lindheimeri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lindheimeri. 


consanguineum. 


aciculare. 
aciculare. 
ovinum. 
joorii. 
nitidum. 
roanokense. 
trifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
nitidum. 
microcarpon. 
ovinum. 
angustifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
nitidum. 
nitidum. 


consanguineum. 


lindheimeri. 
strigosum. 
leucothrix. 
yadkinense. 
lindheimeri. 
thurowli. 
ovinum. 
helleri. 
roanokense. 
spretum. 
helleri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
xalapense. 
hians. 


helleri. 


ravenelii. 
sphaerocarpon. 


_ovinum., 


angustifolium. 
oligosanthes. 
thurowli. 
lindheimeri. 
lindheimeri. 
joorii. 

joorii. 


Hirceucocx, A. S.—Continued. 


1209. 
1210. 
1212. 
1213. 
1214. 
1215. 
1216. 
1221. 
1229, 
1225. 
1226. 
1238. 
1239. 
1240. 
1241. 
1244. 
1245. 
1246. 
1249. 
1250. 
1251. 
1252. 
1253. 
1255. 
1256. 
1258. 
1259. 
1260. 
1261. 
1262. 
1263. 
1264. 
1267. 
1268. 
1269. 
1270. 
1272: 
1274. 

12744. 
1275. 
ae 
1278. 
1282. 
1283. 
1284. 
1285. 
1286. 
1287, 
1288. 
1289. 
1290. 
1291. 
1292. 


angustifolium. 
ovinum. 
helleri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
lindheimeri. 
sphaerocarpon. 
angustifolium. 
ovinum. 
aciculare. 
thurowii. 
lanuginosum. 
xalapense. 
dichotomum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
boscil. 
ravenelii. 
dichotomum. 
depauperatum, 
ovinum. 
dichotomum. 
barbulatum. 
commutatum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
villosissimum. 
lanuginosum. 
villosissimum. 
xalapense. 
angustifolium. 
dichotomum. 
oligosanthes. 
angustifolium. 
trifolium. 
commutatum.,. 
angustifolium. 
polyanthes. 
boscil. 
commutatum. 
oligosanthes. 
villosissimum. 
trifolium. 
lindheimeri. 
hians. 

boscii molle. 
sphaerocarpon. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


commutatum. 
lindheimeri. 
ravenelil. 
villosissimum. 


xalapense strictirameum. 


commutatum. 
dichotomum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Hircucocr, A. S.—Continued. 


1293. 
1294. 
1295. 
1296. 
1297. 
1298. 
1299. 
1300. 
1301. 
1303. 
1305. 
1306. 
1307. 
1310. 
1311. 
1319. 
1320. 
1321. 
1323. 
1325. 
1327. 
1328. 
1330. 
1331. 
1332. 
1333. 
1334. 
1336. 
1337. 
1339. 
1340. 
1343. 
1344. 
1348. 
1350. 
1352. 
1353. 
1354. 
1356. 
1357. 
13574. 
1358. 
1360. 
1361. 
1362. 
1369. 
1370. 
1371. 
1372. 
1373: 
1375. 
1376. 
1377. 


ol#yosanthes. 
ravenelii. 
scribnerianum. 
scribnerianum. 
lanuginosum. 
angustifolium. 
villosissimum. 
boscii. 

boscii molle. 
depauperatum. 
trifolium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
xalapense. 


. °? 
xalapense strictirameum. 


commutatum. 
boscii. 

boscii molle. 
ashei. 
wilmingtonense. 
ashel. 
commutatum. 
dichotomum. 
pseudopubescens. 
angustifolium. 


xalapense strictirameum. 


ravenelii. 
pseudopubescens. 
curtifolium. 
commutatum. 
angustifolium. 
microcarpon. 
boscii molle. 
commutatum. 
barbulatum. 
dichotomum. 
ashei. 
depauperatum. 
pseudopubescens. 
pseudopubescens. 
huachucae silvicola. 
tennesseense. 
depauperatum. 
xalapense. 
angustifolium. 
albomarginatum. 
ensifolium. 
ciliatum. 


- leucothrix. 


consanguineum. 
aciculare. 
nitidum. 
cryptanthum. 


365 


Hitcucocx, A. §.—Continued. 


1378. 
1379. 
1380. 
1381. 
1382. 
1383. 
1384. 
1387. 
1388. 
1389. 
1390. 
1391. 
1392. 
1393. 
1394. 
1395. 
1398. 
1400. 
1401. 
1402. 
1403. 
1404. 
1405. 
1406. 
1407. 
1408. 
1410. 
1411. 
1412. 
1413. 
1414. 
1415. 
1416. 

14163. 
1419. 
1420. 
1421. 
1422. 
1423. 
1424. 
1425. 
1426. 
1427. 
1428. 
1429. 
1430. 
1431. 
1432. 
1433. 
1434. 
1435. 
1436. 

14364. 


scabriusculum. 
ensifolium. 
pseudopubescens. 
sphaerocarpon. 
consanguineum. 
pseudopubescens. 
villosissimum. 
trifolium. 

ashei. 

nitidum. 
ravenelii. 
xalapense. 
nitidum. 
microcarpon. 
pseudopubescens. 
lanuginosum. 
leucothrix. 
dichotomum. 
pseudopubescens. 
pseudopubescens. 
dichotomum. 
aciculare. 
ensifolium. 
ashei. 

ashel. 
angustifolium. 
oligosanthes. 
microcarpon. 
boscii. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
xalapense. 
barbulatum. 
yadkinense. 
microcarpon. 
nitidum. 
nitidum. 
nitidum. 
nitidum. 
xalapense. 
ensifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
chamaelonche. 
albomarginatum. 
albomarginatum. 
ciliatum. 
lancearium. 
pauciciliatum. 
webberianum. 
albomarginatum. 
chamaelonche. 
chamaelonche. 
ensifolium. 


366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Hitcucocx, A. S.—Continued. 


1437. 
1438. 
1439. 
1440. 
1442, 
1447, 
1449, 
1450. 
1451. 
1455. 
1457. 
1458. 
1459, 
1460. 
1461. 
1463. 
1465. 
1466. 

14663. 
1467. 
1468. 
1469. 
1470. 
1471. 
1472. 
1473. 
1474, 
1475. 
1476. 
1477. 
1479. 
1482. 
1483. 
1484. 
1485. 
1486. 
1487. 
1488. 
1489. 
1490. 
1603. 
1604. 
1605. 
1606. 
1607. 
1608. 
1609. 
1611. 
1612. 
1613. 
1615. 
1616. 
1617. 


pseudopubescens. 
tenue. 

ensifolium. 
albomarginatum. 
lucidum. 
aciculare. 
consanguineum. 
strigosum. 
ciliatum.: 


mattamuskeetense. 


oligosanthes. 
commutatum. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
ashei. 

ravenelii. 
mutabile. 
lancearium. 
angustifolium. 
tenue. 
lanuginosum. 
cryptanthum. 
lucidum. 
consanguineum. 
webberianum. 
aciculare. 
pseudopubescens. 
angustifolium. 
pseudopubescens. 
pauciciliatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
auburne. 
chamaelonche. 
pseudopubescens. 
pseudopubescens. 
lancearium. 
pauciciliatum. 
chamaelonche. 
ravenelii. 
ciliatum. 
lindheimeri. 
boscil. 


' sphaerocarpon. 


microcarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
polyanthes. 
microcarpon. 
albemarlense. 
lanuginosum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
addisonil, 


Hircxcock, A. S.—Continued. 


1618. 
1619. 
1621. 
1622. 
1623. 
1624. 
1626. 
1627. 
1628. 
1629. 
1630. 
1631. 
1632. 
1635. 
1636. 
1637. 
1638. 
1639. 
1640. 
1641. 
1643. 
1644. 
1902. 
2061. 
2086. 
2114. 
PALI 
2190. 
2204. 
2200. 
2275. 
2374. 
2380. 
2385. 
2391. 
2395. 
2398. 
2399. 
2403. 
2404. 
2407. 
2408. 
2409. 
2410. 
2411. 
2412. 
2413. 
2414. 
2415. 
2418. 
2500. 
2001. 
2002. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
villosissimum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
lindheimeri. 
villosissimum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
villosissimum. 
albemarlense. 
meridionale. 
huachucae silvicola. 
villosissimum. 
columbianum. 
villosissimum. 
meridionale. 
scoparium. 
lanuginosum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
ashel. 
barbulatum. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
thermale. 
thermale. 
thermale. 
barbipulvinatum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
capillare. 
scribnerianum. 
virgatum. 
meridionale. 
agrostoides. 
polyanthes. 
villosissimum. 
polyanthes. 
columbianum. 


‘sphaerocarpon. 


albemarjerse. 
ashei.. ~ 
barbulatum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
columbianum. 
depauperatum. 
villosissimum. 
columbianum. 
praecocius. 
perlongum. 
scribnerianum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Hircucocx, A. S.—Continued. 


2504. 
2505. 
2006. 
2509. 
2511. 
2518. 
2519. 
2023. 
2024. 
2029. 
2528. 
2789. 
2798. 
2836. 
3069. 
3070. 
3071. 
3072. 
3073. 
3074. 
3077. 
3214. 
3219. 
3232. 
3233. 
3234. 
3481. 
3482. 
3494. 
3495. 


_ 3009. 
3026. 
3041. 
3042. 
3044. 
3047. 
3903. 
3061. 


3062. 
3573. 
3098. 
3604. 
3631. 
3637. 
3646. 
3658. 
3661. 
3675. 
3694. 
3695. 
3706. 


leibergil. 
wilcoxianum. 
linearifolium. 
perlongum. 
scribnerianum. 
leibergii. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
praecocius. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
scribnerianum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
shastense. 
pacificum. ¢ 
scribnerianum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
pacificum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
praecoclus. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
obtusum. 
hirticaule. 


obtusum. 


hirticaule. 
plenum. 
arizonicum. 
hallii. 


367 


Hircucocxk, A. §.—Continued. 


3716. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
3730. hirticaule. 
3737. obtusum. 
3760. barbipulvinatum. 
3762. hallii. 
3763. obtusum. 
3783. hallii. 
3784. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
3819. barbipulvinatum. 
3830. obtusum. 
3838. dichotomiflorum. 
3840. virgatum. 
3842. capillare. 
3851. capillare. 
3853. praecocius. 
3854. scribnerianum. 
3865. nodatum. 
3866. firmulum., 
4932. capillare. 
5050. barbipulvinatum. 
5083. barbipulvinatum. 
5099. capillare. 
5111. capillare. 
5712. decolorans. 
5822. decolorans. 
Hircucocx, A. 8., Lez Co. Pu. 
147. adspersum. 
148. adspersum. 
159. adspersum. 
469. erectifolium. 
470. webberianum. 
471. joorii. 
472. chamaelonche. 
473. longiligulatum. 
474. ovale. 
477. joori. 
478. nitidum. 
479. nitidum. 
480. xalapense. 
481. lucidum. 
482. polycaulon. 
483. bartowense. 
484. fasciculaturm. 
485. adspersum. 
487. chapmani. 
488. hians. 
489. hians. 
490. rhizomatum. 
491. virgatum. 
492. tenerum. 
611. adspersum. 
618. adspersum. 
620. adspersum. 
650. adspersum. 


368 


Hitcucocr, A. 


570a. 
o71. 
571a. 
571b. 
572. 
876. 
877. 
879. 
880. 
882. 
883. 
921. 
 Hovuss, H. D. 
257. 
358. 
413. 
450. 
831. 
907. 
911. 
947. 
949. 
957. 
961. 
1041. 
1058. 
1136. 
1231. 
1287. 
1443. 
2105. 
2106. 
2ASZ- 
2136. 
2158. 
2161. 
ATT 
2179. 
2200. 
Aoale 
2258. 
2269. 
2305. 
2387. 
2418. 
2430. 
2492. 
2551. 
2575. 
2668. 
JENMAN, G. 
3969. 
4081. 


Sey Pn Kane 
virgatum. 
scribnerianum. 
scribnerianum. 
leibergii. 
obtusum. 
anceps. 
agrostoides. 
wilcoxianum. 
linearifolium. 
huachucae silvicola. 
sphaerocarpon. 
scribnerianum. 


anceps. 
virgatum. 
philadelphicum 
polyanthes. 
scribnerianum. 


‘tsugetorum. 


yadkinense. 
depauperatum. 
dichotomum. 
meridionale. 
ashel. 

aculeatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
implicatum. 
tsugetorum. 
stipitatum. 

ashel. 
commutatum. 
clandestinum. 
boscil. 
villosissimum. 
depauperatum. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
ravenelii. 

boscii molle. 
meridionale. 
villosissimum. 
commutatum. 
commutatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
ashel. 
sphaerocarpon. 
xalapense strictirameum. 
virgatum cubense. 
virgatum cubense. 


geminatum. 
stoloniferum. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


JENMAN, G.—Continued. 


4403. 
4438. 
5969. 
5978. 
5998. 
6001. 
6008. 
6009. 
6022. 
6024. 


/JeRmy, G. 


234. 

787. 
NJONES, M. E. 
619. 

2294. 

4019. 

4168. 

4212. 

6035. 

6069. 
Kearney, T. 


trichoides. 
geminatum. 
pilosum. 
rudgei. 
barbinode. 
zizanioides. 
laxum. 
laxum. 
geminatum. 
reptans. 


obtusum. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

reverchoni. 

huachucae silvicola. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 


. virgatum. 


reverchoni. 
reverchoni. 
virgatum. 


tennesseense. 
pacificum. 

bulbosum sciaphilum. 
obtusum. 

hirticaule. 
barbipulvinatum. 
tennesseense. , 


lets 


scoparium. 
dichotomum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
columbianum thinium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
polyanthes. 

anceps. 

repens. 
dichotomiflorum. 
lindheimeri. 
anceps. 

polyanthes. 
virgatum. 

aciculare. 
clandestinum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
ciliatum. 
villosissimum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lindheimeri. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Kearney, T. H.—Continued. 


27. 


28. 


29. 
29a. 
30. 
ol 
one 


33. 
34. 


30. 
39. 
45. 
49. 
50. 


92. 

96. 
108. 
116. 
120. 
121. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
145. 


146.. 
147. 
151. 
156. 


albemarlense. 
scabriusculum. 
angustifolium. 
yadkinense. 
villosissimum. 
tennesseense. 
hians. 
commutatum. 
clandestinum. 
lindheimeri. 
huachucae silvicola. 
ashel. 
commutatum. 
villosissimum. 
barbulatum in part. 
scabriusculum. 
lucidum. 
wrightianum in part. 
microcarpon. 
tenerum. 
polyanthes. 
xalapense. 
ashei in part. 
barbulatum. 
polyanthes. 
huachucae. 
villosissimum. 
rhizomatum. 
scoparium. 
flexile. 
agrostoides. 
xalapense. 
capillare. 
virgatum. 
anceps. 
flexile. 
microcarpon. 
chamaelonche. 
polycaulon. 
rhizomatum. 
longifolium. . 
verrucosum. 
hians. 
rhizomatum. 
tenerum. 
patulum. 
villosissimum. 
chamaelonche. 
leucothrix. 
dichotomum. 
philadelphicum. 
scoparium. 


41616°—voL 15—10——-24 


369 


KEARNEY, T. H.—Continued. 


157. 
158. 
167. 
168. 
172. 
173. 
176. 
ite 
178. 
181. 
183. 
187. 
188. 
191. 
194. 
206. 
207. 
208. 
209. 
212. 
215. 


216. 
217. 
218. 


220. 
229. 
234. 
Zao. 
243. 
246. 
247. 
250. 
258. 
260. 

267a. 
267b.. 

268. 
269. 
270. 
274. 
282. 
283. 
284. 


2841. 
288. 


292. 
293. 
298. 


hemitomon. 
virgatum. 
lucidum. 
virgatum. 
commutatum. 
hians. 
adspersum. 
chamelonche. 
Jancearium. 
rhizomatum. 
scoparium. 
hians. 
sphaerecarpon inflatum. 
oligosanthes. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
angustifolium. 
ashel. 
dichotomiflorum. 
commonsianum. 
xalapense. 
aciculare. 
arenicoloides. 
oligosanthes. 
sphaerocarpon. 
consanguineum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
longifolium. 
clandestinum. 
dichotomum. 
rhizomatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
wrightianum. 
aciculare. 
ciliatum. 

boscii. 

lucidum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum cubense. 
albomarginatum. 
hemitomon. 
scabriusculum. 
anceps. 
strigosum. 
ciliatum. 
aciculare. 
consanguineum. 
aciculare. 
lucidum. 
longiligulatum. 
amaruium. 
tenerum. 
virgatum. 


370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


KEARNEY, T. H.—Continued. KEARNEY, T. H.—Continued. 
299. ashel. 969. stipitatum. 
300. dichotomum. 970. xalapense. 

longiligulatum. 971. villosissimum. 

301. pseudopubescens. 972. commutatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 973. commutatum. 

302. villosissimum. 974. polyanthes. 

306. aciculare. 1029. ashei. 
angustifolium. 1033. xalapense. 

307. wrightianum. 1104. xalapense. 

308. scoparium. 1179. xalapense. 

309. lindheimeri. 1307. microcarpon. 

312. flexile. 1308. xalapense. 

320. sphaerocarpon. 1317. commutatum. 

324. ashei. 1369. angustifolium. 

325. boscil. _ 13874. dichotomum. 

326. ciliatum. 1375. aciculare. 
microcarpon. 1386. oligosanthes. 

327. commutatum. 1393. commonsianum. 

328. huachucae silvicola. 1400. oligosanthes. 

329. dichotomum. 1411. boscii. 

330. clandestinum. 1414. commutatum. 
lancearium. 1416. angustifolium. 
patentifolium. 1447. tsugetorum. 

331. patulum. 1454. commonsianum. 

3314. pauciciliatum. 1461. oricola. 

336. mutabile. 1463. commutatum. 
verrucosum. 1467. xalapense. 

337. villosissimum. 1469. boscii. 

342.. repens. 1476. polyanthes. 

308. rhizomatum. 1477. scoparium. 

363. hians. 1514. roanokense. 

367. dichotomum. 1559. lJanuginosum. 

369. virgatum. 1560. sphaerocarpon. 

372. agrostoides. 1566. aciculare. 
anceps. 1748. anceps. 
dichotomiflorum. 1761. strigosum. 

374. dichotomiflorum. 1775. amarulum. 

376. anceps. 1776. commonsianum. 

378. gattingeri. 1798. scabriusculum. 

379. verrucosum. 1871. aciculare. 

380. longifolium. 1899. virgatum cubense. 

380a. stipitatum. 2018. virgatum. 

384. dichotomum. 2021. amarulum. 

594. sphaerocarpon. 2025. longifolium. 

960. flexile. 2026. roanokense. 

961. philadelphicum. 2038. aciculare. 

962. gattingeri. 2043. lJanuginosum. 

963. gattingeri. 2053. verrucosum. 

965. anceps. 2063. amarulum. 

966. dichotomiflorum. 2064. amarum. 

967. microcarpon. 2114. commonsianum. 


968. sphaerocarpon. 2242. longifolium. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 371 


Kearney, T. H.—Continued. 
2249. stipitatum. 
2272. aciculare. 

. 2317. amarum. 

\/ Keierman, W. A. 
20. praecocius. 

4725. maximum. 
5114. polygonatum. 
5119. pilosum. 
6231. viscidellum. 
6236. sphaerocarpon. 
6246. pulchellum. 
6249. viscidellum. 


KNeEvucKER, A., GRAM. Exs.—Continued. 
423. latifolium. 
424. clandestinum. 
425. scribnerianum. 
485. tennesseense. 
546. dichotomiflorum. 
547. perlongum. 
548. depauperatum. 
549. xalapense. 
5590. microcarpon. 
551. huachucae silvicola. 
552. lindheimeri. 
503. sphaerocarpon. 


6250. geminatum. 554. polyanthes. : 
6253. paludivagum. 555. villosissimum. 
6254. paludivagum. 556. ashei. 


6263. trichoides. 
6267. maximum. 
6272. trichanthum. 
6758. huachucae silvicola. 
6765. capillare. 
6766. latifolium.- 
~— 6767. polyanthes. 
- 6768. dichotomum. 
~~ 6769. huachucae. 
6778. microcarpon. 
6785. huachucae. 
6799. latifolium. 
67994. clandestinum. 
6800. stipitatum. 
6873. huachucae. 
6881. commutatum. 
6883. clandestinum. 
6885. implicatum. 
6886. barbulatum. 
6887. bicknellii. 
6888. clandestinum. 
6890. huachucae silvicola. 
6891. dichotomum. 


507. commutatum. 
LEIBERG, J. B. 
714. barbipulvinatum. 
834. barbipulvinatum. 
1312. pacificum. 
5732. virgatum. 
5783. barbipulvinatum. 
5816. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
5916. hall. 
‘Lemmon, J. G. 
353. arizonicum. 
2907. huachucae. 
2908. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
2912. bulbosum. 
2914. bulbosum. 
2916. bulbosum. 
2922. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
3062. arizonicum. 
3152. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
| 3154. virgatum. 
“Leon, BROTHER. 
190. diffusum. 
276. reptans. 


6892. ashei. 283. barbinode. 
6893. huachucae. 291. adspersum. 
6894. scribnerianum. 292. reptans. 
6895. huachucae silvicola. 296. repens. 
6899. latifolium. 297. reptans. 
6900. clandestinum. 305. diffusum. 
6901. ashei. 305b. distantiflorum. 
6902. commutatum. 335. elephantipes. 
6903. barbulatum. 427. maximum. 
V Kneucker, A., Gram. Exs. 557. trichanthum. 
189. capillare. 563. repens. 
245. dichotomum. 566. reptans. 
302. virgatum. : 567. distantiflorum. 


366. molle. 568. barbinode. 


372 


Leon, BRoTHER—Continued. 


570. adspersum. 
573. fasciculatum. 
576. reptans. 

813. fasciculatum. 

902. exiguiflorum. 

903. zizanioides. 

906. reptans. 

907. laxum. 

908. pilosum. 

909. laxum. 

910. reptans. 
910b. reptans. 
910c. reptans. 

911. exiguiflorum. 

912. distantiflorum. 

913. exiguiflorum. 

914. laxum. 

916. fasciculatum. 

917. distantiflorum. 

918. geminatum. 

919. dichotomiflorum. 

920. geminatum. 

921. maximum. 

922. ghiesbreghtii. 
922b. ghiesbreghtii. 

923. diffusum. 
923b. diffusum. 
923c. diffusum. 

924. adspersum. 

925. adspersum. 

957. maximum. 

/ Lizsmann, F. M. 

275. millegrana. 

277. fasciculatum. 

279. fasciculatum. 

317. trichoides. 

320. trichanthum. 

323. viscidellum. 

324. viscidellum. 

327. sphaerocarpon. 

328. xalapense. 

394. zizanioides. 

405. frondescens. 

411. pilosum. 

412. laxum. 

419. laxum. — 

425. maximum in part. 

428. glutinosum. 

432. trichanthum. 

44]. bulbosum. 

442. bulbosum. 

450. gouini. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


v LINDHEIMER, F. 


158. pedicellatum. 

565. lindheimeri. 

728. condensum. 

733. virgatum. 
1265. pedicellatum. 

‘YY Macxenzis, K. K. 

297. leibergil. 

301. agrostoides. 

460. lucidum. 
1339. linearifolium. 
1355. oricola. 
1360. clandestinum. 
1379. tsugetorum. 
1380. polyanthes. 
1381. villosissimum. 
1398. linearifolium. 
1399. columbianum. 
1405. dichotomum. 
1414. latifolium. 
1452. depauperatum. 
1459. tennesseense. 
1484. microcarpon. 
1485. commonsianum. 
1548. barbulatum. 
1605. microcarpon. 
1611. scribnerianum. 
1663. . sphaerocarpon. 
1664. aciculare. 
1671. verrucosum. 
1686. microcarpon. 
1688. scoparium. 
1708. ashei. 
1709. latifolium. 
1710. villosissimum. 
1725. amarulum. 
1733. auburne. 
1736. amarum. 

1745. polyanthes. 
1794. joorii. 

1854. scoparium. 
1893. stipitatum. 
2067. commonsianum. 
2068. columbianum. 
2075. huachucae. 
2076. tennesseense. 
2093. boreale. 
2105. columbianum. 
2106. dichotomum. 
2109. boreale. 
2137. huachucae silvicola. 
2138. annulum. 
2144. boscii. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. ole 


~ Macxenziz, K. K.—Continued. 


2155. -Commonsianum. 
2156. lindheimeri. 
2159. huachucae silvicola. 
2160. lindheimeri. 
2161. microcarpon. 
2163. ashei. 
2164. lindheimeri. 
2165. commonsianum. 
2166. sphaerocarpon. 
2167. lucidum. 
2168. lindheimeri. 
2169. huachucae silvicola. 
2170. meridionale. 
2195. ashel. 
2197. huachucae silvicola. 
2220. tsugetorum. 
2247. columbianum. 
2249. huachucae silvicola. 
2250. sphaerocarpon. 
2251. werneri. 
2280. dichotomum. 
2349. lindheimeri. 
2355. agrostoides. 
2366. philadelphicum. 
2404. columbianum. 
2476. microcarpon. 
2477. meridionale. 
2480. ashei. 
YMacoun, J. anp J. M. 
135. agrostoides. 
7444. philadelphicum. 
~ 138003. virgatum. 
13225. capillare. 
13227. wilcoxianum. 
13231. virgatum. 
21957. werneri. 
22022. boreale. 
22023. subvillosum. 
22024. implicatum. 
22025. xanthophysum. 
26236. tsugetorum. ~ 
26316. lindheimeri. 
26317. capillare. 
26322. depauperatum. 
26324. virgatum. 
26325. latifolium. 
26326. latifolium. 
26327. latifolium. 
26328. scribnerianum. 
26329. scribnerianum. 
26330. flexile. 
26331. flexile. 


Macouwn, J. anp J. M.—Continued. 


26332. 
26333. 
26334. 
26337. 
26338. 
29297. 
29303. 
29304. 
29348. 
29349. 
29368. 
29369. 
65370. 
69204. 
69205. 
72965. 
73003. 
73004. 
77229. 
6230: 
Ti2ak 
AXON, W. R. 
550. 
1659. 
2109. 
2361. 
2816. 
3153. 
3476. 
MeEaARNS, E. A. 
25. 
738. 
743. 
755. 
756. 
758. 
767. 
769. 
(A A® 
as 
788. 
791. 
793. 
925. 
LOZ: 
1130. 
1845. 
1905. 
1932. 
2093. 
2294. 
2308. 


flexile. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
huachucae. 
lindheimeri. 
scribnerianum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 
agrostoides. 
boreale. 
subvillosum. 
huachucae. 
lindheimeri. 
boreale. 
subvillosum. 
tennesseense. 
leibergil. 
leibergii. 
occidentale. 
scribnerianum. 
scribnerianum. 


huachucae silvicola. 
fasciculatum. 
zizanioides. 
fasciculatum. 
elutinosum. 
pulchellum. 
barbinode. 


villosissimum. 
hirticaule. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
capillare. 
virgatum. 
hirticaule. 
virgatum. 
scribnerianum. 
obtusum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
latifolium. 
virgatum. 
obtusum. 
arizonicum. 
obtusum. 
obtusum. 
hirticaule. 
bulbosum sciaphilum. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
obtusum. 


374 


Mearns, E. A.—Continued. 


2501. bulbosum. 
3061. thermale. 
4050. thermale. 
4166. thermale. 
4203. thermale. 
4789. thermale. 
4870. thermale. 
4983. thermale. 
5064. thermale. 
5110. thermale. 
5134. thermale. 
MERRILL, E. D. 

2. implicatum. 

7. implicatum. 

8. implicatum. 

9. implicatum. 
11. xanthophysum. 
16. implicatum. 
43. barbipulvinatum. 

152. barbipulvinatum. 
157. thermale. 
164. thermale. 
165. thermale. 
197. microcarpon. 
198. clandestinum. 
199. polyanthes. 
202. boscii molle. 
203. boscii molle. 
204. commutatum. 
233. scoparium. 
1243. latifolium. 
METCALFE, O. B. 
6. plenum. 
80. bulbosum. 
plenum. 
354. helleri. 
357. bulbosum sciaphilum. 
434. barbipulvinatum. 
738. plenum. 
739. plenum. 
749. obtusum. 
768. arizonicum. 
807. hallii. 
1294. arizonicum. 
1422. bulbosum. 
1442. hirticaule. 
MiuuspaueH, C. F. 
126. dichotomiflorum. 
324. barbinode. 
454. maximum. 
702. utowanaeum. 
726. reptans. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


MituspaueH, C. F.—Continued. 


(ONG 

1859. 

2182. 
“Morone, T. 
317. 

405a. 

44]. 

519. 

534. 

536. 

537. 

548. 

(19a. 

813. 

977. 

1001. 

1002. 


1072. 
1571. 
1574. 
‘Morris, E. L. 
S). 
48. 
53. 
55. 
124. 
135. 
hale 
220) 
240. 


252. 
287. 
294. 
She 
984. 
139: 
1186. 
19S: 
1193a. 
1283. 
\)Nasu, G. V. 
15. 

36. 
45. 


50. 
51. 
52. 
63. 


barbinode. 
pilosum. 
caerulescens. 


trichanthum. 
glutinosum. 
polygonatum. 
parvifolium. 
laxum. 
zizanioides. 
laxum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
barbinode. 
megiston. 

laxum. 
zizanioides. 
dichotomiflorum. 
elephantipes. 
megiston. 
trichanthum. 
laxum. 


huachucae. 
huachucae silvicola. 
virgatum. 
implicatum. 
virgatum. 
villosissimum. 
capillare. 
capillare. 
pseudopubescens. 
tsugetorum. 
capillare. 
dichotomiflorum. 
virgatum. 

ashe. 
lindheimeri. 
microcarpon. 
polyanthes. 
microcarpon. 
dichotomum. 
philadelphicum. 


pauciciliatum. 
malacon. 
equilaterale. 
commutatum. 
patulum. 
chamaelonche. 
patentifolium. 
malacon. 
pauciciliatum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Nas, G. V.—Continued. 


rid 
72. 
75. 
78. 
103. 
132. 
147. 
151. 
213. 
239. 
240. 


273. 
287. 
301. 
302. 
334. 
330. 
Sol. 
372. 
375. 
376. 
424. 
466. 
467. 
500. 
598. 
603. 
628. 
745. 
746. 
778. 
780. 
781. 
807. 
874. 
925. 
1012. 
Hy. 
1118. 
1119. 
1120. 
1226. 
1238. 
1243. 
1337. 
1338. 
1436. 
1507. 
1518. 
1674. 
1675. 
1694. 


“chamaelonche. 


patentifolium. 
ovale. 
commutatum. 
ovale. 
malacon. 
ovale. 
patulum. 
hians. 
laxiflorum. 
commutatum. 
joorii. 

vernale in part. 
tsugetorum. 
lancearium. 
commutatum. 
leucothrix. 
chamaelonche. 
lucidum. 


dichotomiflorum. 


lanuginosum. 
nitidum. 
vernale. 
lancearium. 
leucothrix. 
lucidum. 
arenicoloides. 
malacon. 
malacon. 
hemitomon. 
paludivagum. 
chamaelonche. 
verrucosum. 
webberianum. 
ciliatum. 


dichotomiflorum. 
albomarginatum. 


erectifolium. 
patulum. 
ovale. 
commutatum. 
equilaterale. 
fusiforme. 
chamaelonche. 
aciculare. 
pauciciliatum. 
leucothrix. 
arenicoloides. 
curtifolium. 
ovale. 
equilaterale. 
commutatum. 
agrostoides. 


Nasu, G. V.—Continued. 


375 


1713. rhizomatum. 
1730. maximum. 
1856. fusiforme. 
1857. ovale. 
2034. laxiflorum. 
2075. leucothrix. 
2076. pauciciliatum. 
2156. laxiflorum. 
2204. scoparium. 
2249. tenerum. 
2258. rhizomatum. 
2329. boscil. 
2500. sphagnicola. 
2522. microcarpon. 
2529. anceps. 
‘NELson, A. 

516. scribnerianum. 
2524. scribnerianum. 
3626. virgatum. 

6037. thermale. 

6174. thermale. 

8346. barbipulvinatum. 

8360. virgatum. 
NEtson, E. 

330. virgatum. 

476. virgatum. 

481. barbipulvinatum. 
4984. barbipulvinatum. 

/ Netson, E. W. 
201. xalapense. 

1374. bulbosum. 

1622. reptans. 

2874. fasciculatum. 

2958. fasciculatum. 

2975. virgatum. 

3023. zizanioides. 

3056. pilosum. 

3357. glutinosum. 

3781. biglandulare. 

3908. obtusum. 

4257. trichoides. 

6187. bulbosum. 

6297. hirticaule. 

6298. bulbosum sciaphilum. 

6301. bulbosum. 

6352. obtusum. 

6355. hirticaule. 

| PALMER, E. 
lb in 1885. arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 

le in 1885. sonorum. 
14 in 1897. hirticaule. 


376 


. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


“Patmer, E.—Continued. 


15 in 1869. 
19 in 1897. 
143 in 1897. 
145 in 1897. 
149 in 1897. 
152 in 1904. 


158 in 1887. 
159 in 1887. 
159 in 1887. 


168a in 1887. 
175 in 1896. 
206 in 1887. 
207 in 1886. 


207 in 1887. 
207a in 1886. 
208 in 1887. 
241 in 1897. 
249 in 1897. 
250 in 1897. 
251 in 1897. 
266 in 1904. 
287 in 1895. 
289 in 1894. 
340 in 1906. 
346 in 1887. 
348 in 1906. 


349 in 1906. 


370 in 1868. 
375 in 1868. 
376 in 1868. 
380 in 1868. 
381 in 1868. 
382 in 1868. 
383 in 1868. 
384 in 1868. 
394 in 1898. 
412 in 1907. 


429 in 1886. 


467 in 1896. 


469 in 1906. 


510 in 1886. 
525 in 1896. 
525a in 1896. 


geminatum. 
fasciculatum. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
molle. 
fasciculatum char- 
taginense. 
fasciculatum. 
arizonicum. 
fasciculatum char- 
taginense. 
stramineum. 
obtusum. 
stramineum. 
bulbosum. 
virgatum. 
fasciculatum. 
bulbosum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum. 
hirticaule. 
arizonicum. 
hirticaule. 
obtusum. 
trichoides. 
geminatum. 
bulbosum. 
hirticaule. 
bulbosum scia- 
philum. 
bulbosum scia- 
philum. 
obtusum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
virgatum. 
anceps. 
hians. 
helleri. 
malacophyllum. 
lindheimeri. 
obtusum. 
fasciculatum char- 
taginense. , 
paludivagum. 
bulbosum scia- 
philum. . 
bulbosum. 
bulbosum scia- 
philum. 
virgatum. 
lepidulum. 
bulbosum. 


554 in 1907. 
561 in 1890. 
590 in 1898. 
631 in 1874. 
632 in 1874. 
633 in 1874. 
634 in 1874. 


690 in 1887. 
690 in 1890. 
694 in 1890. 
695 in 1890. 
741 in 1896. 
750 in 1890. 
947 in 1889. 
1078 in 1890. 
1083 in 1890. 
1151 in 1879. 
1257 in 1891. 
1338 in 1880. 
1538 in 1891. 
1539 in 1891. 
1544 in 1891. 
1545 in 1891. 
1554 in 1891. 


1557 in 1891. 
1558 in 1891. 
1659 in 1891. 
1660 in 1891. 
1758 in 1891. 
2649 in 1892. 
2709 in 1892. 


“PALMER, E.—Continued. 
533 in 1906. 
504 in 1906. 


lepidulum. 
bulbosum scia- 
philum. 
hallii. 
scribnerianum. 
obtusum. 
lancearium. 
lucidum. 
sphagnicola. 
breve. 
chamaelonche. 
geminatum. 
hirticaule. 
fasciculatum. 
hirticaule. 
plenum. 
hirticaule. 
sonorum. 
barbinode. 
trichoides. 
trichanthum. 
trichanthum. 
hallii. 
stramineum. 
sonorum. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
hirticaule. 
sonorum. 
fasciculatum. 
laxum. 
parcum. 
molle. 
trichoides. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 


y Parmer, W., AND Rinzy, J. H. 


7S 
213. 
377. 
447. 
481. 
542. 
545. 
746. 
He 
802. 
816. 
982. 
989. 
990. 
1065. 


maximum. 
strigosum. 
maximum. 
acuminatum. 
chrysopsidifolium. 
maximum. 
maximum. 
adspersum. 
adspersum. 
diffusum. 
maximum, 
chrysopsidifolium. 
acuminatum. 
polycaulon. 
viscidellum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—-NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


PaLMER, W., AND Ruiter, J. H.—Cont’d. 


4 
V Paris, 


|, PaRLin, 


V PirTiER, 


1069. 
1083. 
1086. 
1134. 
Su: B. 
263. 
887. 
1081. 
1663. 
J. C. 
7ol. 
938. 
1029. 
1181. 
1186. 
1187. 
1188. 
1189. 
1190. 
HOt. 
1196. 
1198. 
1215. 
1266. 
1423. 
1502. 
1577. 
1581. 
1607. 
1701. 
1738. 
1744. 
1776. 
1806. 
1957. 
1971. 
2000. 
2001. 
2013. 
2016. 
2017. 
2034. 
i. 
101. 
207. 
361. 
364. 
521. 
593. 
665. 
932. 
940. 


Taxum. 
acuminatum. 
cayennense. 
virgatum cubense. 


pacificum. 
urvilleanum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
pacificum. 


agrostoides. 
languidum. 
boreale. 


huachucae silvicola. 


huachucae. 
boreale. 
implicatum. 
huachucae. 
werneri. 
latifolium. 
columbianum. . 
implicatum. 
tsugetorum. 
dichotomum. 
boreale. 
werneri. 
tsugetorum. 
subvillosum. 
lindheimeri. 
boreale. 
boreale. 
boreale. 
philadelphicum. 
werneri. 
depauperatum. 
linearifolium. 
implicatum. 
subvillosum. 
boreale. 
subvillosum. 
tennesseense. 
boreale. 


paludivagum. 
strigosum. 
laxum. 
stoloniferum. 
laxum. 
laxum. 
laxum. 
acuminatum. 
viscidellum. 


377 


Pitter, H.—Continued. 


971. 
982a. 
1617. 
1621. 
1800. 

1805a. 
1805b. 
1960. 


trichoides. - 
acuminatum. 
maximum. 
trichoides. 
strigosum. 
albomarginatum. 
arenicoloides. 
maximum. 


VPouLarp, Ob 


16. 
92. 
180. 
ooo. 
324. 
337. 
338. 
353. 
362. 
365. 
398. 
401. 
403. 
406. 
408. 
412. 
523. 
595. 
682. 
1106. 
1152. 
Pon, 
1228. 
PRINGLE, C. G. 
i 
26. 
73. 
74. 
124. 
376. 
Sire 
379. 


380. 


465. 
476. 
487. 
497. 

1124. 

1415. 

1406. 

2377. 


dichotomum. 
clandestinum. 
ashei. 
barbulatum. 
dichotomum. 
villosissimum. 
depauperatum. 
meridionale. 
microcarpon. 
clandestinum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
polyanthes. 
lucidum. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
boscii molle. 
tennesseense. 
virgatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
rhizomatum. 
repens. 
virgatum cubense. 
anceps. 


plenum. 

barbinode. 

reptans. 

fasciculatum. 

fasciculatum. 

hallii. 

bulbosum. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

arizonicum. 

obtusum., 

arizonicum. 

lepidulum. 

havardii. 

vaseyanum. 

bulbosum sciaphilum. 

ramisetum. 


378 


/Prinete, 0. G.—Continued. 


3336. 
3449. 
3817. 
3828. 
5203. 
5207. 
5069. 
5073. 
6322. 
6418. 
7882. 
7883. 
8083. 
8089. 
8195. 
8323. 
8339. 


8344. 
9209. 
9210. 
9556. 
9575. 
9577. 
13250. 
/ Purpus, ©. A. 
2156. 
2159. 
2160. 


2902. 
2903. 
2908. 
3774. 


REVERCHON, J. 


22. 
o2. 
88. 
92. 
93. 
99. 
103. 
106. 
1074. 
1075. 
1078. 
1079. 
1083A. 
1086. 


1087. 
1096. 
1226. 


paludivagum. 
cupreum. 
schmitzii. 
trichoides. 
albomaculatum. 
bulbosum. 
gouini. 
hirsutum. 
elephantipes. 
bulbosum. 
multirameum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
xalapense. 
viscidellum. 
longum. 
ramisetum. — 
multirameum. 
olivaceum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
multirameum. 
multirameum. 
paludivagum. 
bulbosum. 
elephantipes. 
xalapense. 


elutinosum. 
laxum. 
laxum. 
viscidellum. 
trichoides. 
elutinosum. 
bulbosum. 
maximum. 


virgatum. 
virgatum. 
geminatum. 
ovinum. 
xalapense. 
hians. 
agrostoides. 


“anceps. 


helleri in part. 

huachucae silvicola. 

geminatum. 

obtusum. 

agrostoides. 

fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 

ovinum. 

reverchoni. 

texanum. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


REVERCHON, J.—Continued. 


1620. 
1622. 
1682. 
1831. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
1884. 
D222. 
VAM 
2224. 
2228. 
2235. 
2341. 
2342. 
2344, 
2345. 
2357. 
2368. 
2390. 
2444, 
2844. 
2855. 
3026. 
4136. 
4137. 
4138. 
4142. 
4143. 
4144b. 
4147. 
4155. 
4156. 
4158. 
4159. 
4163. 
4193. 
4194. 
éRicker, P. L. 
666. 
908. 
933. 
936. 
943. 
945. 
952. 
962. 
963. 
975. 
1158. 
LT. 
12772, 
13809. 


pedicellatum. 
virgatum. 
hallii. 
malacophyllum. 
oligosanthes. 
oligosanthes. 
philadelphicum. 
lanuginosum. 
agrostoides. 
brachyanthum. 
brachyanthum. 
texanum. 
eymnocarpon. 
hemitomon. 
helleri. 

helleri. 

helleri. 
lindheimeri. 
condensum. 
ravenelii. 
helleri. 
virgatum. 
helleri. 

filipes. 
villosissimum. 
ovinum. 
helleri. 
oligosanthes. 
commutatum. 
boscil. 
barbulatum. 
dichotomum. 
consanguineum. 
dichotomum. 
angustifolium. 
thurowii. 
angustifolium. 
microcarpon. 


huachucae silvicola. 
tenerum. 
rhizomatum. 
virgatum cubense. 
equilaterale. 
patentifolium. 
adspersum. 
rhizomatum. 
patentifolium in part. 
capillare. 
commutatum. 
implicatum. 
subvillosum. 
dichotomum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 
tJ 


/ 
Z 
VRICKSECKER, A. E. 
= 


66. 

Lie 
200. 
212. 
300. 
317. 
384. 
413. 


* RIEDEL, L. 


52. 
53. 
958. 
959. 
1239. 
1360. 


\/ Rose, J. N. 


1834. 
1878. 
1883. 
1884. 
1889. 
1999. 
2053. 
2280. 
2609. 
3281. 
3301. 
3361. 
* Rovrrosa, J. 
427. 
434. 
497. 
532. 
598. 
599. 
624. 


V Rueet, F. 


123. 
142. 
184. 
229. 
231. 
290. 
291. 
347. 
351. 
376. 
377. 
378. 
392. 
394. 
443. 


adspersum. 
reptans. 
maximum. 
geminatum. 
barbinode. 
fasciculatum. 
adspersum. 
maximum. 


laxum. 
maximum. 
parvifolium. 
dichotomiflorum. 
megiston. 
trichanthum. 


fasciculatum. 
stramineum. 
stramineum. 
fasciculatum. 
stramineum. 
bulbosum. 


bulbosum sciaphilum. 


arizonicum. 
bulbosum. 
stramineum. 
hirticaule. 
bulbosum. 


N 


laxum. 
trichoides. 
frondescens. 
megiston. 
trichoides. 
pilosum. 
zizanioides. 


geminatum. 
consanguineum. 
albomarginatum. 
erectifolium. 
hians. 
neuranthum. 
lancearium. 
hemitomon. 
jooril. 
lancearium. 
chamaelonche. 
joorii. 
xalapense. 
chapmani. 
webberianum. 


379 


Rueet, F.—Continued. 


444. 

595. 

598. 

| 599. 
/Russy, H. H. 
22. 

199. 

210. 


red ds 
27: 
228. 
229. 
PAY 
236. 
244. 
444, 
445. 
445b. 
445c. 


864. 
866. 
8921. 


Russy, H. H., 


19 
347. 
300. 
362. 
Ruta, A. 


IO oH 


dibe 
15. 
19: 
21. 
56. 
57. 
59. 


60. 
61. 
63. 
64. 
65. 
66. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
i 


amarulum. 
virgatum. 
verrucosum. 


eymnocarpon. 


laxum. 

polygonatum in part. 

laxum. 

pilosum< 

pilosum. 

pulchellum. 

laxum. 

frondescens. 

millegrana. 

laxum. 

elutinosum. 

pampinosum. 

virgatum. 

bulbosum. 

bulbosum sciaphilum in 
part. 

obtusum. 

bulbosum sciaphilum. 

obtusum. 

AND Squires, R. W. 

pilosum. 

pilosum. 

megiston. 

rudgei. 


sphaerocarpon. 
polyanthes. 
sphaerocarpon. 
polyanthes. 
commutatum. 
polyanthes. 
villosissimum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
aneustifolium. 
microcarpon. 
capillare. 
gattingeri. 
clandestinum. 
commutatum. 
depauperatum. 
microcarpon. 
agrostoides. 
flexile. 
xalapense. 
polyanthes. 
boscii molle. 
dichotomiflorum. 


380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 


Rut, A.—Continued. 


72. 
75. 
76. 
RYDBERG, P. 
1096. 
1097. 
1098. 
1099. 
1100. 
1279. 
1308. 
1368. 
1498. 
1538. 
1561. 
1604. 
1788. 
2011. 
2351. 
2505. 
2508. 
2512. 
2516. 
SCHAFFNER, S. 
138. 
146. 
148. 
284. 
285. 
1037. 
SHEAR, C. L. 
85. 
52. 
DLN 
264. 
436. 
606. 
750. 
706. 
767. 
819. 
965. 
975. 
980. 


SINTEN!s, P. 


dl. 
160. 
305. 
307. 
360. 
847. 
938. 

1216. 


villosissimum in part. 


sphaerocarpon. 
virgatum. 


A. 
barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 
scribnerianum. 
huachucae. 
perlongum. 
scribnerianum. 
wilcoxianum. 
huachucae. 
scribnerianum. 


barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 
scribnerianum. 


barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 

W. 
sphaerocarpon. 


pseudopubescens. 


obtusum. 
viscidellum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
sphaerocarpon. 


scribnerianum. 


barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 


barbipulvinatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 


barbipulvinatum. 


virgatum. 
virgatum. 
virgatum. 


barbipulvinatum. 


obtusum. 
virgatum. 


maximum. 
trichoides. 
acuminatum. 
glutinosum. 
laxum. 
reptans. 
elephantipes. 
parvifolium. 


_SINTENIS, P.—Continued. 


1224. acuminatum in part. 
1254. laxum. 
1901. fasciculatum. 
1957. adspersum. 
2468. maximum. 
2471. trichanthum. 
2609. glutinosum. 
3365. utowanaeum. 
3366. maximum. 
3367. geminatum. 
0368. reptans. 
3416. utowanaeum. 
3463. utowanaeum. 
3647. fasciculatum. 
4983. ghiesbreghtii. 
5719. parvifolium. 
5724. polycaulon: 
5908. acuminatum. 
5985. chrysopsidifolium. 
‘SMALL, J. K., Aanp Heuer, A. A. 
201. commutatum. 
204. scoparium. 
205. hians. 
279. depauperatum. 
348. clandestinum. 
394. latifolium. 
463. polyanthes. 
480. dichotomum. 
/SmirH, H. H. 
151. geminatum. 
167. trichoides. 
169. zizanioides. 
173. reptans. 
202. laxum. 
203. pilosum. 
204. Jaxum. 
206. polygonatum, 
211. barbinode. 
589. pulchellum. 
1409. maximum. 
2146. millegrana. 
2151. trichanthum. 
2153. maximum. 
2190. polygonatum. 
Somss, M. P. 
25. praecocius. 
153. tennesseense. 
167. scribnerianum. 
189. virgatum. 
207. huachucae silvicola. 
210. huachucae. 
219. virgatum. 
229. scribnerianum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


¥ Somes, M. P.—Continued. 


230: 
231. 
232. 
236. 
245. 
246. 


\ Spruce, R. 


| 2344, 
YSuxsporr, W. 
124. 
2330. 
5162. 
5174. 
6292. 


/ Tureme, C. 


195: 
532. 
781. 
5078. 
5584. 
5087. 


~ Trpestrom, I. 
4. 
5. 
22, 
48. 
2482. 
2636. 
~ Tracy, S. M. 
a2 
13. 
26. 
29. 
38. 
42. 
43. 
44, 
47. 
PTs 
91. 
95. 
120. 
161. 


huachucae silvicola. 


clandestinum. 
microcarpon. 
leibergil. 
perlongum. 
praecocius. 


rudgei. 
trichoides, 
millegrana. 
parvifolium. 
zizanioides. 
stenodes. 
parvifolium. 
zizanioides. 
N. 
pacificum. 
hirticaule. 
occidentale. 
occidentale. 
pacificum. 


fasciculatum. 
virgatum. 
polygonatum. 
polygonatum. 
fasciculatum. 
laxum. 
pilosum. 
polygonatum. 
trichanthum. 


ashei. 
tennesseense. 
barbipulvinatum. 


huachucae silvicola. 


barbipulvinatum. 
pacificum. 


boscii. 
sphaerocarpon. 
tenerum. 
joorii. 

repens. 
scribnerianum. 
leucothrix. 
ensifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
dichotomiflorum. 
spretum. 
lucidum. 
joorii. 
villosissimum. 


381 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


162. 
192. 
433. 
434. 
459. 
459a. 
912. 
1410. 
1416. 
1417. 
1418. 
1478. 
1535. 
1730. 
1733. 
iL /3De 
1751. 
1752. 
1753. 
. 1754. 
1755. 
1837. 
1883. 
1884. 
1888. 
2027. 
2028. 
2031. 
2032. 
2036. 
2050. 
2058. 
\ 2854. 
2856. 
2859. 
2861. 
2862. 
2863. 
2865. 
2867. 
2869. 
2873. 
3190. 
3198. 
3204. 
3205. 
3207. 
3208. 
3209. 
o2Lt. 
Suan 
3224. 
3225. 


ciliatum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
urvilleanum. 
arenicoloides. 
arenicoloides. 
virgatum. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
aciculare. 
hians. 
xalapense strictirameum. 
anceps. 
angustifolium. 
microcarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
huachucae silvicola. 
scribnerianum. 
xalapense. 
oligosanthes. 
dichotomum. 
reptans. 
angustifolium. 
consanguineum. 
angustifolium. 
flavovirens. 
dichotomum. 
nitidum. 

xalapense. 
agrostoides. 
dichotomum. 
xalapense. 

amarum. 
lanuginosum. 
neuranthum. 
wrightianum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
pauciciliatum. 
trifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
lancearium. 
consanguineum. 
huachucae. 
huachucae silvicola. 
dichotomum. 

boscii molle. 
microcarpon. 
huachucae silvicola. 
dichotomum. 
xalapense. 
huachucae silvicola. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 


382 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


3228. 
- $238. 
3202. 
3253. 
3200. 
3206. 
3265. 
3266. 
3267. 
3268. 
3272. 
3273. 
3279. 
3285. 
3287. 
3296. 


3306. 
3316. 
als: 
3334. 
3387. 
3388. 
3388a. 
3603. 
3604. 
3614. 
3015: 
3616. 
3617. 
3618. 
3619. 
3620. 
3622. 
3623. 
3624. 
3625. 


3626. 
3627. 
3629. 


3630. 
3631. 
3633. 
3634. 
3635. 


3636. 
3637. 
3638. 
3639. 


nitidum. 
polyanthes. 
boscil. 
dichotomum. 
xalapense. 
xalapense. 
lindheimeri, 
joorii. 
xalapense. 
ashel. 
villosissimum. 
dichotomum. 
ashel. 
lindheimeri. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
scoparium. 
polyanthes. 
jooril. 
trifolium. 
jooril. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
rhizomatum. 
virgatum. 
fusiforme. 
lindheimeri. 
dichotomum. 
ovale. 
microcarpon. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


lanuginosum. 
lanuginosum. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
dichotomum. 
roanokense. 
rhizomatum. 
longifolium. 
ashel. 
commutatum. 


‘commutatum. 


polyanthes. 
consanguineum. 
aciculare. 
angustifolium. 
fusiforme. 
angustifolium. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 
aciculare. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


3640. 
3641. 
3642. 
3643. 
3644. 
3645. 
3646. 
3647. 
3649. 
3650. 
3651. 
3653. 
3650. 
3656. 
3697. 
3608. 
3660. 
3661. 
3746. 
3747. 
3748. 
3749. 
3750. 
3701. 
3702. 
3753. 
3704. 
3756. 
o757. 
3758. 


3759. 
3760. 
o761. 
3762. 


3763. 
3858. 
3859. 
3860. 
3861. 
3889. 


3976. 
3978. 
4562. 
4563. 
4564. 
4569. 
4566. 
4567. 
4568. 


aciculare. 
aciculare. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
scabriusculum. 
wrightianum. 
lanuginosum. 
mutabile. 
oligosanthes. 
dichotomum. 
aciculare. 
angustifolium. 
villosissimum. 
jooril. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
angustifolium. 
villosissimum. 
virgatum. 
consanguineum, 
angustifolium. 
ashel. 
curtifolium in part. 
lucidum. ; 
angustifolium. 
villosissimum. 
curtifolium. 
villosissimum. 
villosissimum. 
ashei. 
dichotomum. 
angustifolium, 
villosissimum. 
xalapense. 
polyanthes. 
microcarpon. 
virgatum. 
virgatum cubense. 
virgatum. 
longifolium. 
longifolium. 
longifolium. 
repens. 
lindheimeri. 
huachucae silvicola. 
patulum. 
scoparium. 
verrucosum. 
longifolium. 
rhizomatum. 
virgatum. 
gouini. 
neuranthum. 
combsii in part. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


4569= 
4573. 


4574. 
4576. 
4577. 
4578. 
4579. 
4580. 
4581. 
4582. 
4583. 
4584. 
4585. 
4586. 
4587. 
4588. 
4591. 
4592. 
4593. 
4594. 
4595. 
4596. 
4597. 
4598. 
4599. 
4601. 
4603. 
4604. 
4605. 


4606. 
4607. 
4609. 


4610. 
4611. 
4612. 
4614. 
4615. 
4616. 


4617. 
4618. 
4619. 
4620. 
4621. 
4622. 
6350. 
6358. 
6444. 
6446. 


scabriusculum. 
commutatum. 
mutabile. 
xalapense. 
sphaerocarpon. 
commutatum in part. 
angustifolium. 
angustifolium. 
lanuginosum. 
lancearium in part. 
ciliatum. 

trifolium. 
roanokense. 
spretum. 

patulum. 

patulum. 
xalapense. 
nitidum. 
roanokense. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 


spretum. 
microcarpon. 
erectifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
curtifolium. 
curtifolium. 
trifolium. 
trifolium. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lanuginosum. 
albomarginatum. 
polycaulon. 
sphaerocarpon. 
nitidum. 
microcarpon. 
chamaelonche. 
wrightianum. 
trifolium. 
consanguineum. 
angustifolium. 
angustifolium - 
ovinum. 
scabriusculum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
rhizomatum. 


. anceps. 


rhizomatum. 


sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
-patentifolium. 


xalapense. 
condensum. 
pauciciliatum. 


383 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


6447. 
6451. 
6452. 
6455. 
6458. 
6460. 
6464. 
6465. 
6466. 
6469. 
6470. 
6471. 
6507. 
6507a. 
6508. 
6691. 
6692. 
6693. 
6694. 
6695. 
6698. 
6699. 
6700. 
6701. 
6702. 
6703. 
6707. 
6708. 
6710. 


6711. 
6713. 


6713a. 
6714. 
6715. 
6716. 
6723. 
6725. 
6726. 
6727. 
6729. 
6730. 
6731. 
6732. 
6733. 
6736. 
7008. 
7018. 
7029. 
7048. 
7050. 


pauciciliatum. 
chamaelonche. 
lancearium. 
fasciculatum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
equilaterale. | 
chamaelonche. 
lancearium. 
lancearium. 
lanuginosum. 
polycaulon. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
longifolium. 
amarulum. 
bartowense. 
polycaulon. 
chamaelonche. 
xalapense. 
commutatum. 
polycaulon. 
vernale. 
malacon. 
patulum. 
patentifolium. 
patulum. 
laxiflorum. 
fusiforme. 
fusiforme. 
polycaulon. 
neuranthum. 
fusiforme. 
equilaterale. 
fusiforme. 
lancearium. 
elabrifolium. 
webberianum. 
polycaulon. 
malacon. 
chamaelonche. 
polycaulon. 
patulum. 
lancearium. 
hemitomon. 
chamaelonche. 
albomarginatum. 
lindheimeri. 
hians. 
microcarpon. 
trifolium. 
scoparium. 
equilaterale. 


384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


7051. 


7093. 
7105. 
7163. 
7166. 
7167. 
7170. 
7174. 
7175. 
7176. 
7180. 
7186. 
7188. 


7189. 
éV91. 
7193. 


7194. 
7195. 
7198. 
7199. 
7200. 
7202. 
7203. 
7205. 
7207. 
7208. 
7209. 
7371. 
7381. 
7382. 
7383. 
7387. 
7392. 
7400. 
7402. 
7405. 
7409. 
7412. 
7651. 
7738. 
7740. 
7745. 
7748. 
7753. 
7763. 
7935. 
7939. 
7940. 


7941. 


7942. 


equilaterale. 
lancearium. 
rhizomatum. 
rhizomatum. 
fusiforme. 
neuranthum. 
equilaterale. 
nitidum. 
patentifolium. 
lancearium. 
neuranthum. 
vernale. 
webberianum. 
flavovirens. 
polycaulon. 


albomarginatum. 


chamaelonche. 
leucothrix. 


longiligulatum. 


lancearium. 
lancearium. 
patulum. 
nitidum. 
chamaelonche. 
xalapense. 
lancearium. 
lancearium. 
chamaelonche. 
polycaulon. 
lancearium. 
fusiforme. 
geminatum. 
commutatum. 
laxiflorum. 
reptans. 
geminatum. 
gymnocarpon. 


sphaerocarpon. 


rhizomatum. 
capillare. 
paludivagum. 
agrostoides. 


' bartowense. 


bartowense. 
hians. 
texanum. 
gouini. 
barbinode. 
obtusum. 
reverchoni. 
reverchoni. 
hallii. 
malacon. 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


7948. 


7944. 
7945. 
7946. 
7947. 
7948. 
7949. 
7950. 
7952. 
7953. 
7954. 
7950. 
7958. 
8029. 
8200. 
8224. 
8229. 
8289. 


8290. 
8295. 
8396. 
8397. 
8398. 
8399. 
8400. 
8401. 
8402. 
8403. 
8405. 
8406. 
8407. 
8408. 
8409. 
8410. 
8411. 
8412. 
8413. 
8414. 
8415. 
8416. 
8417. 
8418. 
8419. 
8420. 
8421. 
8422. 
8423. 
8424. 
8425. 
8426. 


praecocius. 
villosissimum. 
lindheimeri. 
hallii. 
sphaerocarpon. 
lindheimeri. 
reverchoni. 
helleri. 

hallii. 

hallii. 

hallii. 

hallii. 
ciliatissimum. 


Tamisetum. 


yadkinense. 
hallii. 
plenum. 
ramisetum. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. 
texanum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
geymnocarpon. 
pauciciliatum. 
longiligulatum. 
lanuginosum. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum. 
caerulescens. 
strigosum. 
barbulatum. 
lucidum. 
pauciciliatum. 
chamaelonche. 
combsii. 
lancearium. 
leucothrix. 
polycaulon. 
pauciciliatum. 
longiligulatum. 
anceps. 
villosissimum. 
lanuginosum 
microcarpon 
polyanthes. 
helleri. 
aciculare. 
curtifolium. 
strigosum. 
longiligulatum. 
mutabile. 
lancearium. 
pseudopubescens. 
villosissimum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


Tracy, S. M.— 
' 842% 
8428. 
8429. 
8430. 
8431. 
8432. 
8433. 
8504. 
8591. 
8847. 
8849. 
8850. 
8853. 
8859. 
8864. 
8865. 
8866. 
8867. 
8868. 
8869. 
8870. 
8879. 
8885. 
8908. 
9054. 
9055. 
9060. 
9062. 
9063. 
9068. 
9072. 
9073. 
9074. 
9075. 
9078. 
9079. 
9080. 
9082. 
9089. 
9091. 
9098. 
9099. 
9102. 
9103. 
9109. 
9111. 
9114. 
9116. 
9137. 
9138. 
9139. 
9140. 


Continued. 
consanguineum. 
equilaterale. 
wilmingtonense. 
auburne in part. 
nudicaule. 
nudicaule. 
spretum. 
lucidum. 
scoparlum. 
hemitomon. 
xalapense. 
nitidum. 
patulum. 
villosissimum. 
trifolium. 
microcarpon. 
commutatum. 
xalapense. 
boscii molle. 
villosissimum. 
helleri. 
ramisetum. 
helleri. 

filipes. 

laxum. 


dichotomiflorum. 


parvifolium. 
laxum. 
pilosum. 
ghiesbreghtil. 
laxum. 
cayennense. 
fusiforme. 
exiguiflorum. 
acuminatum. 
parviiolium. 
tenerum. 
diffusum. 
utowanaeum. 
fasciculatum. 
millegrana. 
laxum. 
adspersum. 
reptans. 
adspersum. 
diffusum. 
laxum. 
ghiesbreghtii. 


_sphaerocarpon. 


lanuginosum. 
patentifolium. 
malacon. 


41616°—vo.t 15—10——25 


Tracy, S. M.—Continued. 


9141. commonsianum. 
9142. joorii. 
9143. lancearium. 
9144. arenicoloides. 
9338. hallii. 
9342. dichotomiflorum. 
Y TurRcKHEIM, H. von. 
56. multirameum. 
sphaerocarpon. 
428. olivaceum. 
657. millegrana. 
1254. laxum. 

IT. 1956. biglandulare. 
7699. zizanioides. 
7700. zizanioides. 
7702. pulchellum. 
7797. polygonatum. 
7798. trichanthum. 
7799. barbinode. 
7801. trichoides. 
8617. barbinode. 
8783. millegrana. 
8784. millegrana. 
8785. zizanioides. 
8790. paludivagum. 
8794. pulchellum. 
8795. polygonatum. 
8796. zizanioides. 
8797. pilosum. 

8803. Jaxum. 
“Umpacg, L. M. 

1080. pseudopubescens 
1087. meridionale. 
1657. depauperatum. 
1669. leibergii. 
1670. perlongum. 
1685. pseudopubescens. 
1704. scribnerianum. 
1789. dichotomum. 
1791. Jlatifolium. 
1799. spretum. 
1800. meridionale. 
1816. huachucae. 
1820. huachucae silvicola. 
1922. virgatum. 
2153. sphaerocarpon. 
2155. meridionale. 
2237. huachucae. 
2242. lindheimeri. 
2244. huachucae. 

' 2353. lindheimeri. 
2363. miliaceum. 


GO 


Or 


386 CONTRIBUTIONS 
Umsacu, L. M.—Continued. 
2365. scribnerianum. 
2543. flexile. 
2646. ~villosissimum. 
3686. scoparioides. 
4962. lucidum. 
WETHERBY, A. G. 
18. lindheimeri. 
19. dichotomiflorum. 
21. gattingeri. 
32. clandestinum. 
51. lindheimeri. 
53. latifolium. 
58. ashel. 
09. commutatum. 
64. villosissimum. 
Witcox, T. E. 
13. virgatum. 
15. virgatum. 
22. latifolium. 
. dichotomiflorum. 
41. latifolium. 
54. virgatum. 
100. virgatum. 
V Wiuitams, T. A. 
1. sphaerocarpon. 
2. sphaerocarpon. 
3. ashe. 
4. ashei. 
5. villosissimum. 
6. dichotomum. 
7. clandestinum. 
8. dichotomum. 
9. dichotomum. 
10. ashei. 
philadelphicum. 
12. philadelphicum. 
2184. capillare. 
2228. leibergii. 
2577. scribnerianum. 
2847. barbipulvinatum. 
3009. scribnerianum. 
3061. virgatum. 
3089. ‘-amarum. 
3090. amarulum. 
3097. auburne. 
3098. sphaerocarpon. 
3099. aciculare. 
3100. augustifolium. 
3105. auburne. 
3110. oligosanthes. 


VWunsox, 1 Se 
8. 


14. 
rf 
= be 
47. 
125. 
137. 
179. 
188. 
283. 
51. 
512. 
593. 
_ 1248. 
1249. 
$ 1405. 
‘Wooton, E. O. 
64. 
303. 
368. 
1068. 
1071. 
2001. 
2014. 
2017. 
2936. 
2948. 
Vy Wriaat, C. 
280. 
753. 
797. 
758. 
759. 
761. 
786. 
792. 
797. 


1317. 
2084. 
2085. 
2086. 
2088. 
2092. 
3450. 
3451. 
0452. 
3453. 


FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


polyanthes. 
xalapense. 
boscii molle. 
ravenelii. 
ravenelii. 
microcarpon. 
microcarpon. 
dichotomum. 
trichoides. 
trichoides. 
diffusum. 
adspersum. 
fasciculatum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
capillare. 
diffusum. 


obtusum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
bulbosum. 
obtusum. 
barbipulvinatum. 
virgatum. 
pampinosum. 
plenum. 
virgatum. 
barbipulvinatum, 


ravenelii. 
trichanthum. 
glutinosum. 
ghiesbreghtii. 
laxum. 
geminatum. 
plenum. 
reverchoni. 
fasciculatum chartagi- 
nense. | 
dichotomiflorum. 
pampinosum. 
lindheimeri. 


‘bulbosum sciaphilum. 


lindheimeri. 
obtusum. 
exiguiflorum. 
pilosum. 
utowanaeum. 
chrysopsidifolium. 
fusiforme. 
neuranthum. 


HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 


~ 


3454. 
3455. 
3456. 
3458. 
3460. 


3462. 


3463. 
3463. 


3466. 
3467. 
3751. 
3852. 
3855. 
3897. 


Wrieut, C.—Continued. 
fusiforme in part. 


millegrana. 
dichotomiflorum 
parvifolium. 
lancearium. 
leucothrix. 
erectifolium. 
millegrana. 
albomarginatum 
caerulescens. 
wrightianum. 
zizanioides. 
scoparium. 
laxum. 
diffusum. 
millegrana. 
reptans. 


387 


_ Wricut, C.—Continued. 


3860. 


3861. 
3862. 
3863. 
3865. 
3869. 
3870. 
3871. 
3872. 
3873. 
3874. 
3875. 


3876. 
3877. 


dichotomiflorum. 
diffusum. 
dichotomiflorum. 
condensum in part. 
laxum in part. 
cayennense. 
adspersum. 
tenerum in part. 
stenodes. 
megiston. 
virgatum cubense. 
acuminatum. 
polycaulon. 
strigosum. 
pauciciliatum. 
diffusum. 


INDEX. 


[Page number of principal entries in bold-face type. Synonyms in italics.] 


ate 

Page. 

PUPMER A COE BOSE. 2s on oe eee wen eee e seer ens 100 
PINT PARES SS eee eae eR ar a 115 
TRS ania sec fers Sis Sl siaime isis) ss wivls siaiw sansa ee 107 
PRRIIMENYIE ER crows coe cm cles Sw Sm cre tie So 100 

SLT OTTER ROE Se a 102 
RMMBMMR CS 8 ioc oe Sas oo cigas a= ec 99 
RUROINI CLE ose San o's aia SAce ew — os s < = 118 
American Codeof Botanical Nomenclature. 5,14, 15 
a DETTE 11 (0) 12m oes ee a i 165 
PSHE ove Wi, Her pani Of. =... 2.2.2. 55s6s- 2 
DERM TE Se Se ee 18 
Barbey, William, herbarium of...... ae that 3 


Beauvois, limitation of genus Panicum by... 14 


ereneMerOAniA ab. 5. ...-..0-22------+--5-+- 2 
Bermabiards Herierium .-.-........2..2.6-.2.s 2 
1 TCL ST ETE TOY 1 5 176 
Pm ICEMATIUIN nce n een 1 
Merson HMenpanuil so 532. seo. bila nents 3 
PMMA. GY PCS Of... 2.2.--.-...--. 6552 --- 4 
PeEeRIUCCHOUS OL. 2... 2s. 2-2 2.---5----- 3 
0 Die 22 Eo eS yee ee 18 
NMR RS oho eae So chon As a me 323 
SUODSEs 2 S82 G0ee ee eee eer 321 
PRIN ae en ne sks toc od zelse em 36 
British Museum, herbaria at..............-- 3 
ei) 69 | 
Brussels HervarwlIEM ab. 255. e elk ee 3 
Buexiey, cauectiwons Of.........2.2:......-.-.- 1 
LL SS a 54 
Sap ARCUVIOM =.) 5 ts tee ease 13 
WiaWeNES SLY PCS Ol 5 ose Sots ee wee es 3 
Cenchrus alopecuroides.........-....2---2---- 12 
Citieteckiod elauen... 2.22. 52sec ce ann sk 12,15 
MMMM Tee ce coca PZ 13515 
ERICMI Eros Voce Sees ook Sedu aes ls 11 
NaH epee ie Moe Ses LES SEAS 112513 
AGhitpaitaa by Pes OL. . 2... ans cdce bans deen etc 1 
Ciimiien of specimens: .......-...22....025..- 8 | 
LL eee eae 16 
OU UTIEE GID Ete? CS ee 47 | 
Wolamipiatiaes oo pool set OES pane 240 
Columbia University Herbarium............ 1 
MNT AL Ame Ae Sak. hokk ee See SS 300 
‘Copenhagen, herbarium at.........2........ B 
OSIM PEMCTAPIE IS ess eS co's. 2 Says sD oct ecaee 4 
De'Candolie Herbarium. ..2.2....225422--.- 3 | 
Delessert Herbarium. ..............-2-2-.2+2 3 | 
Westerns eran Ore 5 oe oo Soe cis Secs 151 
Desfontaines Herbarium..................-- 3 
Desvaux, duplicate types of................- 3° | 
PVG oR Here ey ES USER ate sacs 4 
Wictarplelaint. (2S eee ee ees Snteate=~. > 17,142 | 
Dichptormar eee. 24 nos tee eee s ee cane 179 | 
PPPOE: oo oe at. sae tees OG 47 | 
MSc ste hm aes ee mates UL 25k Tih 


Page 
OMIT INII ETT Sooo Son Se i es oe 30 
VD ERE Uo CO OE CAGES Se EER eae Aca araee 30 
SUL UNPES EP Soe ng ee SS oS ke 15 
Distribution, maps illustrating.............. 10 
geographical, of genus Panicum in North 
Be SUR hE ee See ae a a a 8 
Deri tiypesieee neo ee i le 3 
Wail species. ere Seek 5 oe. Se 329 
Drake de Castillo, herbarium of.............- 4 
EQOA AUT PUTOSCONS. wae oe Boos elke me cen 87 
Bebmoechloaieclaan) 2h o8 3 odes 31 
LUISE Tee eee NS Geek 3 re at oe 1, 12513) 
ehingliens. too eee estas eee 16 
ho tGber barium sae os ers. oe eee 2 
Engelmann Herbartaim, 02... 25. 22k keh 2 
TERS TT O Lice = See Se See ee es Se ee ee 258 
BIAGIO”: FUICNCUE. tanaka a oan ete 123 
PASGCIC UIA bas $5 ees a ee ee re pone 35 
HESGiCd OM tUSane pee = eee ce ea ane ae A 118 
Field Museum: Herbarium. -......---.2.....2 1 
iMorence; herbarwiml ats... 25 les eee 3 
HOPEGtCIA MES Ol..n 2 cet. oa ale Cee 3,4 
Franqueville Herbarium. 2.2: 2..-..:-2.-s-c1 4 
Fries, South American collections of......... 4 
Galeotti, Mexican collections of.............. 3 
Gastridinmilendivertm: 322). 2-65 c 2 11 
GattingerHenbartwmsco-.e 728 Ae es 2 
EPSP TUG) 82 ecg Pere RRS A at te eh a ee a: 30 
Genera excluded from Panicum............- 16 
Genevasnenbaria ate. 5565 eee = ess 3 
Geographical distribution of the genus Pan- 
feumiin North Americas. ===. 254 dene 8 
Gottingen, herbaria ab... 2l<2 soca sese eee 3 
Gray HerpARiiiie ss 90) aso. cee et oo 1 
Grisepach HerpariteMs 2 52222. o<2 ks eooee 3 
Gronovius Herbarium............- Dries 3 
GroupineOlspecies.—. sarc .cc wn ome hace ce 17 
GUNG AVP TASS Se sa eke hes oso eee meee a, 79 
Hackel, Eduard, herbarium of..............- 2 
Mackelochioa sranulariss.: 234.522 ee. 28- 312 
Heaenke: collections ole2n 252-22 <2 seeee - oe 4 
Eate: herbaniaaiees:ss0~,2 ele sass ee oe 3 
Herbaria, American, examined .............. 1 
Huropeans examined S222 <> sos eee 2 
ler DRO CNSHE’S ooo eee BA Se 2 
| BIE of 0) 5 tera RC etn ee a 3 
Berlin, K6niglicher Botanischer Garten. 2 
Bernhardt. 233022. soos eee eee 2 
IBILEMIONCC Ce cea s ao) Some oe Sean 1 
BOmnIeR ooo ee ree. Sse ee oe 3 
Bonpland..... ES AR EG tae oye Mee 4 
Herbarium, British Museum of Natural His- 
) COLYER oman ie cs cae sare sacks oe cea 3 
Drussels, Jardin Botanique...........-.-- 3 
Columbia University... -...5. 2225 ePae 1 


CO He 


890 INDEX. 
. Page. Page. 
Herbarium, Copenhagen, Botanical Garden Herbarium, Stockholm, Naturhistoriska Rik- 
ofthe University 22-20-50. sean) oe a8 3 SINUSCUM 2... Goo. 2c. oe ee 
GOSSOI ES HS Se ne ie ge eer 4 Swartz. 22... eee 
De Candolles, st. je pte ene ee a. oe 3 Torrey .......2:-. 0.2.5.0 
Delessert sci25s co eee aa ee eee 3 Erinius.. 3... 0. ee 
Destowmtainesi es hea We ieee rane a eee 3 United States National.................. 
DGS Vee aoe eo Oe ae ae pe 4 Van Buerck 33) 
IDrakedeCastilla: o.oo 3c Se eee 4 Vienna, Kaiserliches und Ké6nigliches 
Othe Casas Oe Oa SES ene. es 2 Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum. ...._.- 4 
Hneelmalin.. su... oe eee ee eee 2 Walter’s. 2. 3220.3.) 3 
Piel WSC Una soe oo kee a ee ee 1 Willdenow.-..2.... 3220); See 2 
Florence, Orto Botanico....- pias Ae th 3 | History and limitation of the genus Panicum. 11 
OQUTTIIER tS ee ee ees ene 4 of Panicum: after 175322222. ee 15 
Pranqile ville 8 ees neers 4 | Hitchcock, A. S., herbarium of.............. 2 
Gatti Seis ooo. ee Goa Sea ee ae gee 2 | Hog millet 2.2.02.) 69 
Geneva, Censervatoire et Jardin Bo- Holeus sorghum... 1... 5). 11 
TAMMNIGUIC |p Pe ete eee ene 3 SpicatUs....0 22 0. 15 
Institut de Botanique del’ Université. 3. | Hymenachne.....2.. 2.2) 16 
Gottingen, Botanischer Garten der Uni- Ichnanthus glaber oo). 5) Ge 88 
VOLS taboos eee a eee ee ae ees ae 3 | Jussieu Herbarium!) ee ee 
GPayo es oe teehee en Sere 1 Karwinsky, Mexican collections of.........- 
Grisebach -.....+-+-++++++++-+++4+0+-++- 3 | Kew, herbarium at... 92.50 eee 
Gronovius. ....-..-----+-+++++-22222 0027+ 3 | Lagasca, duplicate types of.................. 3 
Hackel.......---....-------2---++ +++ ++. 2 types of: oo. a 3 
Halle eetagtin a pee Ea gr eRe Pn ee 3 | Lamarck, duplicate types of ce dik a) a ee 3 
Hitchcock’ Eee oe Sewanee rn SNe 2 Herbarium...) >. 4 ee 4 
Jussieu... .-.-.--+- 22-22-2222 se eee esse 4 || ‘Lancearia.. 2...) 271 
i) ee 3 | Lanuginosa.:... {. 208 
Lamarck nie cine nic iam sim aise ie clinica ini 4 |" Lasiasis.... 2 ee 16 
Linnean..........-----------.-- ------- Js divaricata,.2.2.17 1. eee 16 
London, British Museum of Natural Latifolia...... | 2 312 
Kee in ee ee is 
pete Gieie Laxiflora..2..£22 2... Se 158 
Sana, ardin Botanico......--.-.--..-- ; Liebmann, Mexican collections of. .......... = 
Nets ataeat Gunn us ee > Lindman, South American collections of.. 4 
Aerie atin iether Sere te Nee ee 9 Linnean Herbarium 2. . - ee 3 
MhIcahere als eae 9 London, herbaria:at.: 5 3 
Munich, Konigliches Botanisches Mu- edd heron Ween 608 a 
Bei. eae a tee ne 3 Maps, illustrating distribution...........__. 10 
Nasa! ik ouch le oan ate eee 1 Martius, collections of 2 2. eee 3 
New York Botanical Garden.........--- 1 oe POU iat pot SE SS hi 
(PAG Onto Otani COs see eee oe 3 Mez, Carl, work of............-.--2-2-.-t-22- 3 
Paris Bonpland:... iene ie ere a Michaux Herbarium _ sash rr 4 
Geasnynee deeds coat eee 4 | Milium, Linnzeus’s limitation of the genus - . 1153 
TSN Ge ec ee eae | pre-Linnean use of the name ........... it 
DrmkedeCashlion A eee 4 Tournefort’s limitation of the genus...._- 11 
ENSUE GIe oe eke oe er a 4 capillare... 0... eee 60 
Frangueville...2.2. 2350.28 2 4 clandestinum.......)... 312 
SSC lok ee aes Pe a is tle: 4 confertum .....:..: \ 2: ee 13 
EUW ou. oe. eRe so Bae ala 4 @flusum': 2 1504515 
Michalik coe on eae gl CSCULENIUM. . 2 2 2 = 2 69 
Puch arale: wtes Blah oie hae purer 4 | latifoliwm. 222. od. mSi4. 
St aridelc i: tat eene) aaeNtolecmis ates 4 | microspermum...>..... 322 131 
Panny oe Poke Sa a IRD ks ea 2 “POUNMCWM. .. 2,2,0 = na <> wae 15, 69 
Philadelphia Academy. -..2.-2.-.2..22-. 1 j Millet... ...-.. 2020-2. 2-22.22 2- 20s ee esses 11 
Prague, Botanischer Garten........--..- es broom-corn ...----- +--+ 2+ -+-- 2-222 22+-- 69 
Museum des Kénigreichs BOhmen 4 fox-tail...-----..- 222-2 eee ee eee reese 13 
Presto ee ON a ee ee 4 | HOG... fas os. sie ee 69 
Richard We. kcal Ss ee ee 4 | pearte.. 2... 2. 15 
St. Petersburg, Académie Impériale des . | Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium....-- z 
Sciences 2 oes ee re ‘4 | ‘Mohr Herbarium . 2.” .: [2.2.5 )s6aee 2 
Botanical Gardenias eee ee 4 | Mueller, F., Mexican collections of..........- 4 
Snir. orcs eee perce eee ee 9) Muhlenberg Herbarium 2322.22 oa eee eee 2 
SHOE oka Se eee 2.) Munich,;herbarimsat ;. 25. eee 3 
SlOAME sais ond ee cee eee 3 | (Nash, 'G. V., herbarium: of. 202 5:2-.e2e0 essere tie | 
SLCUGE eaters es ne tate get er naan 4 | Nees von Esenbeck, types of................ 3 


INDEX. 391 


Page. ; Page. 

New York Botanical Garden Herbarium.... 1 | Panicum balbisianum ...........---------+-- 325 
Nomenclatufe, American code of botanical. 5,14,15 (AAT id ieee ip alec Sen tn Sy See a ey ae 268, 269 
po Ae ee 179 barbinode™::.. 50. ste- 22 0 Sec vos 17, 18,388, 34,35 
Nuttall, collections of.........--- es 1 barbipulivinatumis.. 2.25.05. Senses 61, 62 
PE NN een ert a sin cise alee ye oe + 278 barbulatum ...... 6, 7,181, 183,193, 195, 207,331 
Oplismenus compositus..........-.--.------ 12 PatLOWENSE 2 oon oe a oon ee 52, 53 
er 16 GECLMOTUNIGE ONE oc. caci es = 205 24 - ae ee 30 
Pee PODATIUIN Ab... 2... en -s-..- =. 0. 3 | oY eu 7210 Gage WG eA Be Ae Were BUR rsa oy 78 
Poanmeriaria longotd ......=----...-..-+--++-- 118 DEUTICN IE aoa ne a 2 ere aa 136 
7 LEE a Sa a eae ee een 118 DiGae lies vere. A ga sia oma: Mein oe 177,178 
Panicum aciculare .... 166, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 212 bislandiulene ss re seer. see eee 120, 123, 124 
RMR eM She ere oe Se hn Se ec d a 297 OORT Or ae eee ne i M8 oN Clare cine tora 60 
MELINA GM. ..<.. ccs cct cee oe 151, 152, 222, 226 NO GKATOO TORE 6 ees See RSENS a See 185 
RETR PET Eee hla inthe = apa Sm pet mc 129 MOPeM ert ened tan co eae rig oe seen ey 189, 239 
SEEM Seer Soe es SoS SL ce sho ea on 2 240, 243 1OXD SE Ae ae a aa ee a 193,314,317, 318 

BR TRRAER TIS ee So eI a rat eee 2S ois 5, Uldatce' 134 FANON aera eae eens ---- 318,319, 320 

2 TSU SE ESTE aan a ga 18,43, 44 DOUEGME ens ees ie Saar Sena MN 112 
SUP TESS 3 escent ss Se eee 30 DRO CIULEIT Uae ioe aS Se ey 48,49 
LPESSICTAT TORU Da a a 100, 115 POA CH yee In Waar ey tye oe en 128 
Ree ee eS ST es ew cee vn 115 [USED DUE TALET RS ae pe eS oe ERIE TERR, UP 122 
MOAROSLOIGES) soc). 2. c.ciciei= 2-5 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 DT OSTULCIIS CHT Safes neater ciate pas ya 134 

5 SCTE DE Sor coe Ses Bo einen Sint oS Spe 104 DSPMCS See ae ones nice 23 oa sca eee 271 
EIEN Me! SM og aS ee ie Sate saree 244 brewalplipiinc) esc 2 5) Seo. 13, 62, 129, 329 

35 SELES 1s 1g RSs eA wa eae pence a 212 LPILIAGY OTe neo nek Oe ge aie Salis MUI 264, 265 

PO OREACIE GUE. 2 oat oo ac a Seek io oa 311 WMATA GUUS, 3 ae SE Coe sates Ace 30 
albomarginatum...... 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264 DIRE OUL ES SAS tre ete ere Oe, cs orks re ee 31 
DRREBEEITAUIES 6.50) Seo iooen see ie 2 Seb 12 bitehimgerii i253. ue ce aoe eee 329 
POSS ALT pte an ges a ey ok Nae ees 82,141 INU OSU Eee come eee 58,81, 82,83 
amaroides....- Pf a a gen cna we 94,95 GUCTIOCCUINR eae nee fy 82 
SAMIR te SE Ses en alte 96 POUR TUS Pee 2k 0 ye PA eR og NR a 83 
PRAGA NCE TTD PO ee a alee a MU 94,95, 96 Slap lanham ee ee cy as 83 
TOLLS G33 SE Ee 95 Souci 2 OLO CCUM. Wate mn ane a era 82 
SUPREMUS RURAL forse occ 3 wine aim Sac isia man, « SUSE, EGAS C72 oa pee ea Sy Renee ge ra arse ee 177 
TREO ETDL YT SRE ES SOON SESE ee 12,14,15 GACTUILEG RE TIS yaar ee oes py tea oe ee 197 

TER TUAEG OS ef ea ae 49 TLRS OYEACLI/ AL) Hit OI Sea ai eg pa a gee ee 72 
LINGE 2 Se ee 100, 105, 107, 109, 110, 331 COS PUGOSTE TID Seapetp ee  eeiaes Sere 0, 2 36, 43 
NTIS TAT Oe RESETS ROE Ie eee 107 COLO ONT ete ee ein to ee oe 169 
DEERE Thy ge pele ASS SEEGER 107, 108 Cau aval Maes eee wt Pa gee Poe 178 
PREMEBEENES ee ce wea Oe 105, 109 GaMIPCSLER eae. le i fo. ee ee oe 57 
DEL SS Se ee a 97 CUBULICOCUAT ae oh Boer eS so. se ee aera A 129 

ee TEIOMIUD totes n'a a ola Aalg's Siclacleimaeris «<<. 2 RUG CUPULACCUMT SUTICITIES = bass aaj ee 129 
128, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 190, 201 capillare.......... 13, 55,56, 57,59, 60, 63, 70, 129 

memantine 8s ue eek eS 185 CT TIa a APN Re eee eb RO Se FN 60 
SGRRTARILIRIIT CCM Cea AGEL) Snobs oh ik FOR 185 DECUUOIUUTIV ER ae elaine ert ee eae 62 
PESADOS NS ofS cE! ae oe 113 COMED CSING St trate ee Soe ee Ae, 37 

EN NETL I np RR aa aE Ran ea 31 ULODT are hethe a ceehnc nye etc a ew Sac 55 

OO ia id SAS Be ge A a 48,303 OLGLILG CRUE 2 coe SR aa per tess ees 57 
RURAL Pe wd or sere Sto Cot a elt Oe 13 OLA SUTIA RIN OP as Sees ee ieee eae 57 
MISERIES Ss Oy hne Sheba s eS 85, 88 TAL] TEL opal be Le Ae CORAL OBE ties Po 64 
Coon ECA SS eet SS ae ee 166 TTUVULOC OU TTR Seon os HP ee Le 67 

) SETLC eee 178 DEMME Sees he creas BER RS 58 
PUZONICHMALS S225 lt ot pe ees 18, 42,44, 45 TTUIU IES moo ee Mn go RT 55, 283, 301 
MINOR A SNe oo on ot de ek a 45 | SS UDIDEL CRU NDR: Pr eetiy ee vane ane oe ee i 58 

Pg SN OR, eee 45 POWELLS GRRE art A Coy ieee TE VE RIES 60 

TEIWIE Ee eee en a eke ee. 45 GapUlaniniGes ame hee ast ae oem eas 72 
ALUMGINATING 522 oo) a ee ye ee 329 CUO MIU aoe ae eR ae) ue 159, 160 
REPRE eer GSN. eA anc 134 CALICO CS ee 2 Oe See eeee eae tape 99 
i Gea et Sa ieges Sees 154,193, 300,301, 302 COT TEMPOUNIE Cg MOR ood eae ho ee ae ae 323 
Gepenmpn ar. 2 fs Cte oS es 69 | GUTILOS WIL = Neier aN eee oe Ameer 30 
(UMTIEUND Sirs ee eee A tT 233 COROLUNI CULT be Ric ae rayne ee ee 323 

PY SE Tacs cys nA 5 eae 1), Oe ea 16 CHIN T CIEE OS. rs eae 329 
aturense. Balb..... Sipe SEARS Shay Se ae ae 325, cavennense ny) Jao yen 5 wean ---- 60, 140, 331 
PRIINUTRG see eh AT ai a win fc = 223 TSPEEIUIN cen Foe ke eS 140 
aurelianum........22..---2-2-- SS ei amege 5 nee PICU 1) Bap a a Tp SEER SPR ie fecha 70 

WUT EU eo Ss = oe BOS eS Lae aa ee een 158 chamaclinehes.. £50 ee a2h se oe .- 268, 269, 270 
Qustro-MOntanum ......-.22+222---2------ 267 FpM Os) E112) SOC RE ne Rate, te 24 


QUETICEUAN 25 25 Foe ee Ss 81 CROMDINEUSCR sare ca ae ee ee 40, 41, 44 


392 INDEX. 

. Page. Page. 
IPANICHIMCHIONOLMCUNY s5cc. cc ener eee ee ee 48,50,51 | Panicum dichotomum barbulatum........--- 193 
GT ESTE NA Se ee EN eva Se ele ene cy 48, 49 COMMUNE... 2s se aden eee eee 191 
DUNG WC oo ee tate cee ae oe Ee ce 49 CUTUCIUM . . oo. 250k eee 330 
SULVESENE Maco NG YS See ee ee ae aoe 48, 49,51 Qivaricabum...2 325.2 191 
chrysopsidifolium..........-.- 168, 169,171,175 CMMUWIMN.. . oo he co eee 298 
CRIA OI INE at et eee eee ee ee 162 jasciculatum:. 42.22 eee 216 
Cillabissimiplm: 2-2 shee eee aces eee 324 OTACHE. oes 525 ke ee eee 330 
Cilia h ue eee 162, 163, 164, 216 LaNUGINOSUM: 3. 2-2 eee ee ee 220 
COULTON TI AOE Beco e She eee en Cae eae 237 NMUMUWMN. 2.2.5. ee 183 
CULOSUTID= eeepc eo ee ee ea eee 220 SPAthwaceun..<..-s\.2 he eee 330 
CHaMiCinaiS Ss eee, OPN Coe nee ee 325 Sphwerocerpon. ... 2 esas cee 251 
elandestimumisscee aso ee ee 13, 290, 298, 812, 314 villosum.... 22. eee eee 233 
PEAUNCTMUALI 32 o> Soe ee eee 312 VITIE . oo. ode 190, 191 
210 Re) Wee Sean Secieeae Sutil i Acaty S ate Ade yas Y 188 diffusum ............. 6,55, 72,73, 74, 77, 330, 331 
COLONIE RG | IE Ek RE eee 34 digitarioides .2 =. 3254 - eee 323 
COLONEL UNG 82 Suse. Sete Bee OA seere ane 87, 88 dimidintwmM ©... ode 12, 323 
Columbianume eee ee ae 240, 246,247, 248, 259 disciferum.. sc. 22. . 22.2523 eee 330 
thintum (soe ee ee 240, 248 discolor 22... isso eee 181, 187, 330 
COMPS Jas Ce aN eee e a RE ae en tee 106 CiSPerSuM x 2. oc cea oe 136 
commelmacgoliuamnn2 =O. 55 SS. ene eee 304 dissectwM 232200 ss oe ee 12,15 
commonsianum...-.2-2-.-2-22 238, 240, 242, 243 dissitiflorum:. .22252 hae eee 44,45 
COMmmM~AtabUIMeee = eee eee oe 6, 154, 237, 301, 302, GiSlONS 22. 2 oA ee ee eee nts 
303 304, 305, 307, 310, 317, 318, 329, 331 distantifloram. 2222... --4 eee eee . 22,28, 24 
CONSONGUIN CUNT tana aa ee eee 169 GiStiChUmn v2 3. ee ee 113 
Lacifoliiniys oi. ose ae ONS eee 304 lancifoliwm. 2. 025, 2 eee 114 
TIVES Ne reek Ae Oe Sk res Se pon 301, 304 CiVATICOLWIN 5 5522 a ee 16,118 
COMO PNY LAUT eRe e ee iaress Pa ee 222 drummondit -.2o.cak 2 eee 327 
COND POSCLUMNUE oats coe one 12 dubium)... 5... 12.242. 4-2 eee 112 
COME G Us ee ees fare heer ear yay oe 124,329 GUWMNUS 02'S he ee ee 195 
COMCINMIS oye oa ee eee a8 ae es ae 263 COTE i nee oe g08 ha ee 267 
CONG CNSUIM aaa ee eee ere 101, 102 CRONE. os 2d Naa ee 201 
COMPERGUTI see oes ere cece eine ace 86 ClQUUS....\5 5. ees ee eee 141 
COP MESILITIS ae Sere tne One tite ae ey et rae tes 82 elephantipes: 2:20 aes a eee 18, 48, 58, 88 
COusaneuinetiM: 2. -.2-- 5.5 cess. 169, 171, 233 Glliotis:: 2. ea ee 49, 330 
CONTE CEUTA on cron ote a ea eee 102 elongaium ... .. 222 Sse eee 88, 104 
EG HO TACO D 8 Nepean a ea aR a) esa 329 TOEMOSTUS 205. 5 soe 100, 101 
CORMOVENSE seen aes teem etcee ea ce eee 329 ensifolium(:-).:0. 32.524 259, 264, 265, 266 
POStARICENSCe crf ise aot ge ee ce 134 CNSUNG 2.0 ooh es Sank 304 
CULES LT Se a Urey oe cet oe ae Ee OE ee aR 12,14 CpilifoliUni soe hee oe ee 310 
ery pionthim: oe See ee 299, 300 equilaterales) 2. ee seee see 184, 300, 304, 310, 311 
CUCNIOMES ee Pee nae ae ciate eS 121 CQUINUM. «22 occ b esos 2 ee see eee 33 
TIVE TUS Re ee Breen pe a oct ot oycieue a eee 122 COUWISCHUM : 2 5 2s 22 eee see eee eee 141 
CURCUMIN Senso ean aA eee ee 110, 118, 120 erectifolium. 2) 0os52-8...3222 eee oe eee 256 
CURROM Meson 8 Ses ened tetra rae ees eee oe 304, 305 criophorum &. ... 225-5 aoe eee eee 298 
CURIOUS Ss prea oes see Cee ce 258, 267 CTUCTOTMNGS 25 25.6 sen ee eee 321 
CUTLISUUE Sees Sale: Ds bene See eee 171, 323 CrythTOCan Pol. = <2 -2 =. see eee 237 
CUTLOE GIVI ears ne Ata Nora Me eee 196 exiguiflorum.< 225. 9.22 eesee eee eee 117,118 
CUEUCTI 1 ee nas nr aca tale ie ete 264 expansum. Four. ....:.2..s-seseseeees 134, 136 
CY MOM OMS sree tse oe Hs Sopra tie aot weer ees 300 CLPOIUSUAN GALEN seo ees Reais cin se 136 
CLOT trae ea Bo eee rage eye syne 13, 14,15 fasciculatum=- 226 eases 18, 38,39, 41, 166, 216 
LOUSY UTICIUUTIUE Bones eh Me Seater Ae 139 chartacinensed.<25 5.4 see eee 40, 41, 44 
CATAL AS ©, Se Pc stb ne sl ae ec 118, 127 dissitiflorwm -)-.. <5 ..2 2. eee 45 
Mecipiene O25. first staf ee ee ee 118 flavescens ...0: .s.<.~ 2 39 
decolorans..-....- PS Se Ree see 66, 328, 329 fUSCUM. soc on oe 39 
HECOLOTO LILIES Soe sae aes ne ec eee aoe 312, 313 JENUINUWM 0 = Ss ob te eee 39 
ELE ORENISES 0 oye ee eee ee eee ee 156 relicuUlabwim. -< <2 2325 oe 41 
CENSTLOTIUM «o.oo nt ates nese ocfoneeele ea 113 fastigiatum... : 2. 22.. 2. 1.22 ee ee 38 
REUSUA: oe BSE RICO Re he ee ees 330 flliculMe. ... 200.0. ees ee So 210 
depatiperatim=:.2---- 222. — 151,152, 154, 155, 157 filiforme. ... 2. ..2. 2 232 12 
ENUOVUTITD occas te = eae 152 hlipes 2.2.05. .4- sss as 73, 74, 75, 76 
COUN ia NaS Re ican ie here ae ce 152 flltrameum. 2. . ==. Jo. «22s ce se eee 166 
CEUSALME «ons 7 Soo sae Cae e eee ee Oe 193, 259 frmondum: «5.2 .2--2-.< <3 330 
DONATI es oS oS cee Cee oe 115 firmulum.c.. <6... ances 27 
dichotomiflorum..............- 48, 49, 52,53, 54 fistuloswinn..c>co<ao0-ons 2 eee 53 
Gichotomumy sie 2c. ee eee ee 13, 142,190, flabellatum......- Shwk Sn ut See cee 64 
191, 194, 195, 198, 233, 252, 269, 301, 331 flavescens...... a RPE eee a! - 38, 39 
COUMINAIUT £.< c LoaC  e ee 222 flavoOvireus:... els... 2... ceca e ee eee 262 


) 


INDEX. 393 
Page. Page 
Secu Hewile. <n. ae ee se 6)a0, 55,59,61 | Pamecum iowense.....-...-.-20--s2---------- 330 
hE fa eal et nas 9 SNES ae ae 186, 330 SRFIESEI RS 3 ee od ee ey ee 1i,12,14,15 
(SDS al ec ae ee 70 CENTRE econ n i eee Retin Se So 118 
EUs Steg NES 9 ee es 256 ROOM Cs stan foe oun ee ae ae 305, 308,309 
| LIS Ee 49 PURINES oti oes onesies oo ae rat ee ae i 
“Ee CDEC a gl ee a 121, 122 PULTE EUMIID Reon ireee fo tee. on ee ee ae 151 
ow UP. 25 all eR Se ee ae See 203 IUD ITGR stesso os ee cs Sateion 5 Nea ee ts 251 
ea gee REE eer eee 38 TRULIA Fe as Sth ee eae eae ete dae a 
ES Se Se eat 38 PRG Po wal Pensa ee kas See oe coat res 88 
Repairs en coc.) a ) tk ee eee 38 LOVE Minh Tey. Shree wiate Meats onal ara 78 
SU ad | ie ie eae 38 JETS 1c ROP ee dee ea 272,273,275, 276 
Mee R syne okt we ceo See e wok 44,45 PAUSE Ta ae ne tae hae skascde vase = 232 
SREENNES OG oon nae on oor a- soe 41 lanuginosum ......... 212, 216, 220, 221, 224, 298 
ot EE NS Soe ee ee 172 pLELETEA CTT 7 A ale ee ee Re a a 215 
PERE MB 0. set Gates.» > seabacse te 57 SEP TUIENEL Si erates hrs tthe aie oe = 245, 246 
PRPPERTITE oe 28 8s soc ech cvs bi 17, 18,30, 33 lasianthum .....-2--* Ree Se lk ea 136 
generic description of..............------ 18 latifolium... 6, 13,280, 283, 304,314, 317,318, 326 
LL a ae ere 48,49 USO aS arse cian Sn a neta dest aan = 317,318, 320 
PPOMEMDN ons oe sac = ene Sen Ee Sem 169 CHETMICSIEIUGND ois oh on & creas eet 312 
MEI i no 6 ses Sas ere 169 USUAL Ci it Wares Se nic he i aaa ge 317,319,320 
IMEEM Soo soe a kc enie ce Ses 15 PROBOREME 7. oso Sale ee | tee 158, 159, 160 
Pemreeertigit 42... soe ee ee 73, 76, 330, 331 HIDESCOI SS aan ae st aero 164, 233, 295 
PLT VCS FE RE eee EEE 74, 88 Pea ee 100, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 297 
MENMNINIMR Nt os Sono lo. Ss. eee ee 88, 265 PUUESCENS i Sioa ee eek dee dae 115, 116 
SS a ae 269,270, 271 OUTUCGULUMD sae See iee we, da sacie sa ae eee 117 
MERON re So) Fe ee iy Peet 265 Bees 2h Le ner en See ae 289,291 
MMT eee ass SNS ol Ree 12,14 VCLODNGUATT. = err on Sees cea eee ee 308 
97 RIS 31 lepidulum.......-..- Me Sst a ee 5 
7 Laat ae en ee 19,138 : oe ne kee fo SA ice RS re 
OCU Fine Sous) ee ed 
mexugaiodes i ire a tn We e EG fide Scams 2S Lyle Wee ai 123 
Eee ioe oan Na wns oni ees 86, 88 : 
eee pets 36 leucoblepharis Brent a Nua ts Fea eth cereeee 162 
; WeMbOPHTbeS Soe oi si52e oe tease 205, 206, 260, 329 
CERES ST eae bc 230 TET TT Oe Ce hes a RO eli 138 
gracilicaule........--.+--2-22-+- 20.222 0es 263 lindbeimeri ....... 183, 193, 208, 206, 215, 219, 248 
grandiflorum.....--+--- +++ 20-202 2222+ 325 linearifolium.............- 151, 152, 155, 156, 157 
GTOVIUS ..------ 2-2-2222 eee ee eee eens 193 Linnzean species of .....-...----..---+--- 12 
OO La ae eee 36, 43 Pe Dae ake Se PET AN nl gf me Nn 259 
OO ee ae 33 Ti: | AS ee RE et Rae Ate 85 
UPURIIMIENISCD <2 = ane 0 oe on oo bee ss 131 GIST UNIITE se ete oe ae 105, 106, 107 
SO he ae 327 loneiiomlatiem 2 44s Rea. sas ae eee 206, 269 
ESTE ee es ee 233, 330 LONGEDCAUNCULAIENIS. «oma 155 2 coeite oo  loe 164 
ci.) | ee ee cee 74,75, 76 BOWIE. ais. oats in Owl ein ee 110, 111 
halophilum Sthag sy Bye ll eM PON Ie bie a poe ee = fe 86 lucidum = ata See SaaS SASS AE 198 ’ 200. 244, 330 
ERTIES echt on ir Bs ie Sige 93 AVA CRAM UNUM te ec toe en et aa Creare 93, 111 
os a oa SE eee ee ea 281,282 MUCTOCOT PON = 12s a= eas ae ease 283, 304, 314, 315 
RaMETIMES ot ee 322 ,323 TROT ae eye > mia Soc mec aie rin = 259 
heterophyllum.........-..2--+--++- 181, 247,251 LEE AN ESI etc a Rica ee ae 18 
Bere 98, 110, 117, 118, 120 Malacon......------+-2++--2-2-++- 2225: 240,241 
etter oe 19 | Malacophyllum..................222.. 280, 283 
Geib Swartz..................-2... 77 CTU Lf OS Boe ee eee = 308, 309, 310 
i Se ee 135 mattamuskeetense ie Aaa 186, 187, 188, 189 
WU SULUMEWNG  Sa rss Se 8 SS 139 PoE goo Soe pee Sie 48, 79, 83 
| ie a a a ee 330 bulboswm.....-.--+-++0- 20-22-2202 22 82 
Nien tucstematee- Settee eS Te ie 64, 67, 68 gongylodes....-..--++--++--+2-------- 82 
Rint niilics = 1. so. 2 52 bay se 76 megastachyuM....--.--+-++-++++--- Soe 132 
history and limitations of............... il megiston....-....-.--+---+-++++----++-- 23,141 
Misery Of, alter 17535... 3... 2. 15 melicariwm.....--.----+--+2----+2--++-- 48, 118 
huachucae....... 7,214,215, 217, 230, 233, 238, 330 meridionale..............- 210, 211, 212, 214, 228 
silvicola ........ 7,216, 219, 220, 221, 230, 232 microcarpon Muhl. in Elliott...........- 6, 
hydrophilum he Odes EA eta SS, aI cote eine 112 181, 182, 184, 190, 193, 195, 255, 330 
Regrniinah  o 49 MUICHICAR DON WIE 274 Smo in ee cae ee 255 
IRM ENe oS iS ee a 88 SOphylUM. .---.-- 422-2 -<-0 taco ne=2- 255 
ipasaiinae. Soc to ee te 38, 166 sphaerocarpon ....------------------- 251 
inmigiidenturt 2.3... JS. 22. 211,218, 214, 228, 246 MCT OPRYUUMI >. 8005 2s. Cece are a 210 
UPL TLE 17 Pegae et tae SS See eat fe kt tage 253, 254 S IICTOS DET UIDs oes a Gs oe ee eee 131 
RUSULAT UI 2 Teel Se Oe 36 Miliacetlm.......... 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 48, 67,69 
PROOUW 52 sn HE tse RE OES dha 151 MMR oT od Fe oS sige cai ae 50 


394 INDEX. 
. Page Page 

PR AMCUIA PBIB oho scoala aie ek 69 | Panicum oryzoides... 2.4.3.2 2.0 325 
millesrana 2. ic). e2c. sheeeme as oe 135, 136, 137 ovale... 2os, 4.) Sa eee 235, 287, 238 
TS ELC IN Nae gre eee Socata 8 58 ovalijolium...-. 2225225. eee 13,129 
UTE TET eA eae oe oe ee ABIES 2 55 OVINUM. ...... 2 eee 174, 175, 176 
TUINULLLOTUN ace os 5 Sw aun Oa eee 117 OWENRE:.. oocc-. eee 243 
PRIWULUTUTIE oa ates Mae orale se rs re 207 pacificum....\.... 2.1... eee 229, 231 
Mississippiense...-------------------+--- 253 paludivacum: ... 5. See 17,18, 31,82 
molle or. eccressee Seeee eee 34, 35,42, 45, 320 paludosum....<....0.. 3.0). 53 
MONGCWNOULES 2 <8 = tn ins ee ee 327 pemndi....... 154 
muhlenbergianum........-....----------- 330 pampinosum........) 7 eee 66 
MaVMlemUengii: aos aeons ace cs 151, 152 paniculaium.........<. ea 39 
miuUktiedlmeUm {252.225 = eae Res 41 PATAGUAYENS......-<..6. 34 
MALTS OTIMD carci Sta ose Soe ete en 48, 254, 255 parciin...2. 1... 68 
multirameum........-.-.- eaeseed ioe 185, 226 " parvifolium......... a 134 
ORL, Sr aie kee i datetetin  cre iss TL Ones a parvighume:...°. 5.225: eee eee 124, 126 
mutabile Se ieee tire a cae ey 307 porvipaniculatum = 265 
eis Sr hee pL eaee ain Gyre ee Tee ee ae DOTVIS PICU os so 205, 206 
TGSLAQRER < os cite odes: ce wea ast eet eee = parvulum......2.-2..1.5e ee Sees cE 
pie ee ee Ss paspalodes: «2.00.2 30,31, 33 
MOL OUR fn are ie een oaie mene ee a 298 patens... 3... 1. 2 13 
nemopanthum....--.-------++--.-------- 177 patentiolimn. 2a oe on” 

MET VOSULNY roe iar sine eee eee eee 6, 303, 304,315 
neuranthum 167, 168, 169,175, 331 Dene a ee — 
Re eS ahaa oe de LS tae Seance pauciciliatum . -<..;. 2 ee 
eT eS ian sty a ee 2 pauciflorwm..........2.--- 280, 283, 285, 286, 294 
my Gece Rae Ne Rie Bee hs tas ok Cae ee we PUUCDIUM fai 5 2 32 eee 201 , 202 
eae DEVEL TAGE IS Meghna aOR i - paucispicatum ..... 422 ee eee eee ~ 326 
188, 184, 185, 201, 203, 206, 252, 269, 303 Pedic eee 292, 294 
HGR bAtTh Ce ee a eee 181 PCAUACUATE «= 26 a= oe ee ee cose es 70 
Fon a i Pea 6, 193 PELE ae itt soc shee eee . 312 
AHS con OE a ee 216 PENSYLOENICUM. « ... see 331 
CROSSUOUUTIUR ie ee oS ae ee ee 251 perlongum..-.-.-------+++++++++++2+---- 158 
WERSTOTURY 2 oF ds Sz ee 201 tli AL aaah ah pb oe 281 
EMS OUUND HS FE 264, 266 Peliveril. ...- <7. -- 0 ee ee 42 
Glabrinnii eee ae 231 philadelphicum. <2. 2-22se eters 55, 56,58, 59, 61 
GT OCRE es fA ee eee re 331 pictiguume ..- 2 - = eee ae ee 34 
UOTUS Ase St OF Say ce Re ee eran ee 303, 331 pilisparTsuM.....------+-+----2+---+ +--+ 113 
PAR magmas Mele tant ie Me Rote eee GLa nabs 268 plloshine see eee 110,118, 118, 214, 227 
OBNOMOU eee eae 201 epilosuM......------------+--------- 115 
TOUCIROT UND 22. leg) ok eee 191 QCNUINWM ....------++2----+2----- === 136 
DORMS ice Pd oy Caen eee ees 214 letogonuUm : . .2 <2) ee 136 
PUB ORCCTIS Fc oe eT er es 933 Macranthum ..... =. 35086 a. = eee 111 
HET TLOSUTE a eee ae 181 POLYGOTALUM oe cae ee 112 
DANAE eee E RO RL DLN OR peter eR 191 plenum. 22+. - 0.2.2 seee ae eee 80 
NGS Eo Le ee Sa 292, 293 polyanthes...25. 2.2235 eee 181,254, 255 
nodiflorum.......- a Fee oie LONG, polycaulon .-2.< >=. =. 505 -eeoeeee 162, 163 
WODOSUMso5 ee 82 polygamum.....-.-------------------- =- 78 
HOU Dist oe Oa ig Shon 2 ae 85 gongylodés......---.--------++------- 82 
Hiilieailedscuan aoweeehn Oe ar 179 hiTtwOule v2. Soo eee 64 
NuUMNGIaNih, ee ee 34 polysonatum 522. 2 32 eee 110,112, 118 
ULL TES oe ee ee SEE ae 107 POLY JONES. - --- nee ee 321 
GAXACCTISG Mh seo ae or ea ae el eee 141 POLYNCUTON...---------- === 22a sen aes 5, 6,304 
OULORGTNOVION 328 hs ek SEE a 118 porphyriwm.....--------++-+++++-222222- 58 
OBVONu Raia oi See Ae ae 125 POTkerianums <5. 2 ine 317 
OUIUSIOTUAD Foot a es Se eee Se Bet portoricense.......--.-.------.=.2222222- 331 
Bisa hc. ee tate oe $21, 322 potamMicwM ....---------------+---------- 112 
ougidientale: 2) 2.55: Jc 3. esd a eee 228, 230, 239 . potamium.....-----------------++------- 112 
OCLOMOMON 2 22 phe oe: nee a aac 201 PUDCCOCTUS (= 2 2 an =< 226, 330 
oliganthivincek Jac oe Sees eee ees 285 PTQlCOlG..i.. 225 ne ase 79 
olisosanthes-..-= 4-2 2-- -ceoes 6, 280, 282,285, 286 pre-Linnzean use of the name .........-- il 
OliVACEMIN a5 526 4 S-2 ae eee 185, 225 PICSIEL «cds. n= oo 2 se oe 132 
Oly TrAefOliwm - js nn aoa 5 ee: 121 PTOUONHUM . . 22 =. 5- -/2 32 3s 136 
ONSLOWENSE 265. ati. Soe ae ee eee ee 276 procerrimum)..< =... 52... . pe eee eee 141 
OPLiSMeNOIGES 4 2. seed ee ee: 135 PROVERB <2 5's 2 es eee 49,50, 53, 54, 100 
ONONGETISEL)/ Ne es Sake oe ee ee 220, 221 Chloroticum . > 3.2 <<< 32. eee 50 
GLICO. 52 2b<. i eee eee eee 240, 249 geniculadwm. . =~. ->-+-=- eee " 49 
OPNaUIMN 25.4... 2 So eee nee 331 THIOSWIN 0)0\ ein in Coes eee eee 49 
OFRODNYUU . <5 cose nite oe sae eee 173 SENICTUML 6 wid cece sen eS ee 49 


INDEX, 395 
Page. Page 
ICH PAITALUMT . wow woe nen cece ccences 36,232 | Panicum scoparium majus......---e.eeeeeees 287 
OST a 36 minus......... pane As Nee eee 280, 283 
(TEPC cys anlipalieteaplll eaR eeee 87 PUUCHTRIUATE ee one ee ee 280, 286 
Co nur | i 247 Sscribnerianum .... 238, 280,281, 282,288, 286,315 
Re eee eae 105 RENOIR Oe cede See KOO eee _ 289 
Pesmaopubescens. .-.....--..-4.5...6. 235, 236 SPDR ro 0 Selo epee ers ec ee eae ae 136, 187 
OU OLS a ee 325 LONGCURGIMOTUAN a2 ken aka ck eee ewes 136 
1 ES ee epee, eae 136 SUSSENCHINE © Sat Pans Gaon none Sie 331 
PUOESCENS. ...5. 22% 208, 228, 233, 235, 294, 295, 330 SOGOU eich crche aie Seas ye amie cie ere oe ee 166, 167 
ERIN 2 bso net tions wwrate wem eae. oo 193 STRONG Soc Matibeanc oe ots wae ey Geek 265 
PRN erie e eh cen hn Scare eee le en 320 SHESUB DINGS op sehe-tian a w(Gle Some ices c ciaie 239 
OS Se eens fae 123, 124 SURV RTOS ce tee ane a nei oe Stee a Maio pha 
MIN re ove een ES Sn 159, 331 MIDRIB tee ee Sea noe deer gts Swiee 314 
Himetetutt.’.........----- id ces PN RE 31,33 ODE CAT EL SP een ea Se a ale 58 
DUEL TELS SSA GOS ey a ae a 166, 167 SOMOGUM Hey ercrc ys sete eps Scie eye oss ereae Sininie 67 
PunpuTascens 4. BK... 5). so dese cence 120 STOUT SELON IUTEG orp eh os I a ares ie 128 
murpimascens Radi: ... . 25.0... 20... 33, 34 Spectosum...-.22--5. SA Ce SER aa mented ve 331 
(eR aA Se se 158 sphaerocarpon. 185, 193,251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 330 
Od 331 PEGDURERUUNTR Oita a tote Pore SEY aie Se 256 
OSS Oe ee eS 5,25, 27,28 ITV VEINS Se ein Bs crcisl Co cictawacteh a nee 253 
PETES Cie) Se en i ee Re a 41,44, 172 SPHACTUICO LAR eAr reo eho Det oS See 6,199 
MAMIE LTD oa cei ears ns ee ee Sse h ene 115 STI UGLUD TID CLUTID a apc ee a a Tate See ey chy 38 
MEME Fick Mee Sc aS 170, 269 SOP ETC CP Cees mes reese ental NH oe 152 
CALLER REE EI SS AS ea ee 191 SDECU UMM se Ase eee ean chee ams 201 
LETTE OR SSO eo eM a ce, 159 Stenodessank sage ees sous te hoe cee sea 97,98 
CERES ee ane 278, 280, 284, 287 SUP Iba DME wets sos see Sor aa eels 100, 101, 104 
RRM UPR se Se as ane ohio esine ce hone 151 65351229) COD OY 21 b 8 CVPR EN CO aye tee ts eect 67 
ES ala RSE Ri es Sl a eae el ie re 174 SEPTUM boo Hered ents a ei edle Seren oe 331 
MM MERINBRIIIAS cao eo cect ae cece 331 SHEL OUMM 2 of as sade eed cea oe oe 241 
“EVD PUA ET eR a a SiS ee paae 322 SUNCCLUNIU a1 rater a ia alate ete Re 151, 207 
TEDETLS.2 2.518 5 aia Sai pea 85, 87 SUPIS OSUMME eee aera fara cen ks en 158, 164, 295 
BET ALY CORPO Sk eae aa ae pies 86 stoloniferum......--. aA Sareea ns seer ib ey 
OSE OS Se Gece Se ec ae eee 321 DILOGUUS as EN we RSME SRL ee hd RO 122 
PPS Se ee a ee eo 17,36, 43 SUUBCTOULIDUN Coos Ste Ss wae celnwse one 182, 183 
RMPMMPO TES 262 CS Solow wn sete hat 38, 40, 41 UPI SUMOPIED oS si tataicata ute ahiteerts tales cene 304, 305 
REM MESUN LO oe ae ne ees ee nee oe 49 SUBS PICOLUI- rai oat rac a Rae SA OP Ie he 5, 25 
UTES ES DS SEE Soe ee eet ae ene 25,26 SRL ORIAT 1 D4 [| OOS ee AS eS 8 Pe aE 166 
CULL, (ea a a ih a ee 139, 140 SUI AUILCSS Ear fe Ce ee ger te ile al 227,229 
Time =... ac oe 105, 109,110 QUEOUIDIUT oot set nk tenes 2 shoe Ssaek 2 198 
APES © cE IS oa ee a 140 VOOCUNTY Aaya araccrct eye sie eeaPa rote ntals Sean hee 233 
COE TEC UTTER TTD AES = sia Sa en A 100 GEM SUTIN aoe, pete a ot caer, meet nee ee ae 97,98 
PE AMERERISO Sm sree she eee? mee 196, 197 LEMMESSGCNSChe. senna see ne 208, 217,218, 219 
RIMMED IE TI Dee poe aioe ke eee See 107, 331 penuwes sa 425522 211, 215, 247,259, 260, 264, 265, 304 
PROTA TRICE ere et SER Re SN A 133,189 LOTUUACWUNAUTI YS ore i ae Se oie rae eee Oe LS 
cE Li i a ee ae 70, 71, 133,139, 140 LENA MAS OS oes Ase ce dee ose ne 18,46 
ET UTE DST AS OE Eee ae ee aS 139 CHEDMale wo MeeekGee on SoA aeeeseeins 8, 230, 231 
Co PARES ETH iS EE ae Te a 127 DIVO TIUOSTON TUG tara = ems i inch alee eS Te oe 43 
MEMES 2 oh Psa Sok a eg Pre ee a a 135, 136 PMULO Wale Hey ean ccna reine Baa ate etaetne ere 224 
FHAMTOSCONS ton Pan ee oo se oon awe ks os a 136 LONTCY Ree, Sem tine SENS tse se IOS Seem cee oe 58 
WRU PILIIIE = orate oe ta is See ewe 86 Tournefort’s limitation of the genus...... 13 
PRUMESECILD Seer oie Scere ee 86 REL UON CTH Dg Se Se RET EI oe 190 
subvelutinum.........-: Soe eae 137 [AACE ete TOU ey oka ate eet Te SS a ee eae sn me eee 131 
pe ree ees ka ee te 159 CriGhiiitachM Cmte ts ys eric eae rote ee stare 124 
MULTI ETTE igesogfralel ee ERO 20. ais RCW 12,15 UIICILOCOTULYULLTID Aa atartnae oetcte tons ree ee cia 79 
WOME AIIONE apse es Fo ae ae eS 78 TRUCOT OIRO MINS a = Ser ese ee Cy 112 
scabriusculum ....- ese. 5 Ree 298, 300 PRICHOIMES Rees weer ee Ses Mion 60, 129,131 
SUMMING E ren ss vee gaara se Soa ec 124 IPC PO PNONUMES Sota ess Sabie wis aa oe banc 113 
Beate Sead se Spe 125,329 PREG ie S Betis Mee eke Leeks 2 eo ce Aeris 1 
a [ue 9 Tapa ek Deapaelee Se ey a EI Roe 315 VEEL SSS a het Ona MERRY tf 261, 263 
SCHED Eee Sen PEO aa as een 83 NTLET OE ELLLTHT Of ie eae iart ER to aN ose Pee ey ama 30 
SCOpPaMiOles t= se SSA. FSS. cee sree ete 238 PREP HONUE sce04 52 Poo ee 240, 246, 246, 248 
scoparium Lam....... 221, 280, 283, 287,294, 297 WIA AROTIMM RIMS 2 8 BAO OOS AC a ae Ee 141 
scope BaGee. =e. . fon. Sos fe dee snes 139, 140 MUCICK DOM tas hose sor ck eS Cos. ae eon ee 16 
ONGUEH AR 5. 5 os on cae cues 286 Quy SSS CU O Re he ream "13, 14 
GONUTAUIR So os Fee pert seen Bae oo 280, 287 RENTERS EMSs BEES yon 3 einer ain ni aa 127 
LEDER GIT Ania see aes Ce ee 289 CAGE ERSTE = ASE SE RSP RE payee eS 122,301 


396 INDEX. 
. Page Page. 
PAE WNCINATUIN ss a3.2 855 cases oe Seine 16 | Pre-Linnzan use of the name Milium....... 11 
MNCL PIU WU «sie 8 ee os ae 215, 247,259 | Pre-Linnzan use of thename Panicum..... ‘11 
FOLIND Di OSWE s- 5 oe ae ie minim cree iaeite 227 | Presi, C. B. and J..S., types of. 255-2 4 
forma prosialumMaacneeee eee ee ‘-- - 232) \Ptychophyllum :. 03.2.2. 2 eee 18 
GU DUCATI amigas onetime 213 || Pursh, typesof. ...... 52.7 3 
TILEVICLOTVALE Sees cies eae a ne ee 211. | Raddi, specimens from...) 2a eee 3 
FE COLON eae ee ly SIE eee i te a: 2 248 | Rafinesque; types of... 1.222 2s eee 2 
Mvilleam Wm sere ere scene eee eee 19,132 | Richard, types off |.0.5 52. 4 
LONGRQUEI Ce aes a ee ate ec eae 132 | Rudge, specimens from___)/3eae55 eee 3 
WO WANACUIN ao oce Sele cme a es 24. | Sacciolepis: 2.0.0. 2225 ee 16 
VELCNAWUAMUNS moa es eee eer 136 striata: 3... 2.22: eee *. 308 
Wassyanume.. 25022528 ee a acter 47 | St. Petersburg, herbaria at. 32) === 4 
VEL UULTIOSUTIU ea rs eta oe 42 | Salzmann, Brazilian collections of..........- Da 
VOLULLTULTIVE 2 ae Sete eee ae ee 42,212 | Schaffner, Mexican collections of..........- r! 4 
WEEN TIES Wye eee yack eee ene epee 208, 264,266 | Scoparia: 223.222: 2 279 eee 294 
MELE COSTA: eran selene enetn: 118,127 |) ‘Seribner; herbartum(of 2-5-2. 2eeeee eee 2 
HIN UAH LOO a eT IS Eye iy Se eae 201.1 Setaria disticha..2.2). 5 ee 113 
DUT OTIC ease on ah oe Sp he pees 331 MeYOli: soo eee 113 
SVALLOSISS Ina DTN ee ye ee 232, 233, 236, 330 PUlOsa sD! 2 kes A ee 113 
WVOSU SEAL ot Se ey eer eae See eee 169, 233 POLYGONAL. ... a 2 ade oe ee eee 112 
Willoswmaaime ea ee ee er eee 294 Schradert. . 2.2204. Jka eee 113 
VIECAtUMN 5. ace 8, 13,87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 100, 329 UNSA See LU ee 26 
OREUIROMOST Ms eee Se eee eee eee 92 | Short: Herbarium... 2.23522 eee 2 
CONPCTUUTIV=< oS Gra Rees tees arenes 88,89 | Sloane’ Herbarium...) . 2322s 3 
CUD CHSC erie eres ab we ae pe 92. | Species, sroupingiof.. 2.2.2 5a 17 
GUPUSUIN 2 so. taes «52a seas segese aes 88 miscellaneous... s\--/ 424.562 see ee 321 
CLONG UU TI see see ie eee teen eae 88 subspecies and formis:; 3.0.25. .-eeee 7 
PO CTOTULIUIL TTY See, ey cee re ee 93 | Specimens; citation of. .2-2 eee 8 
OOLUSUIN xe eee ene aes soe eee 92)| (Spelling of names: is: 2. ee 6 
VAT SUIGOnUIN. ba SoS eeh coe aon eee 125.529 |) sSphacrocanpares .22-- =) oe 250 
pUstDGL Gillean is nes cca nae ca teers ri 331 | Spikelets, text fieuresiof =. 2-=-- eee 10 
viscidellum......... Spe iN A) MUR ee 116,296,381. | (Spretass..22 a3. 05. 2 200 
ISSO (HRA Ree ATE et eee A SES ES HS LE IS 294 | Stemehisma- 2.0... 22:2 ees eee 18,118 
BRRCTUR Sc a aca. Sane ake 280, 317, 322, 323 Mans 22.00 <2 basses pe eee 118 
MTLOULE Bez A hak chy ene eae 319 | Stenotaphrum dimidiatum.................. 12 
PE CLUBIU CTUsan epes ca  ataeae e e e  e ol7| Steudel, types of... 225.555. 05-eee 4 
WeDDSRAMIUIN ee ep seee nn ener 274,246,200. | Stockholm’ herbaria abss-3- asses 4 
WIELMEII cece oe aoe eee 155,156, 157,177 || Stoloniferac:.82--. {40 120 
ViAlCop:ce ayo rans Se a Se ete 279: | Streptostachyss.< 2s 25.322. 5525 eee 16 
Wilminafomense. oc... 2.0.25. eo 240,244 | Subspecies, species, and forms............... fl 
SUV sRr Ea GLEN URN eee a ie tee ee NRE pee at ta 207. | Swartz Herbarium. 2202222 = ee eee 
xalapense..... 154,159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,233 | Swartz, duplicate types of..................- 3 
SthIChinamMeliM anos oso ae eee eee 161 | Synonymy... .4..-...235: 5.2223 5 
KAM MOPMYSHM. 2c aseeenee ce: 178,290, 291 | ‘Syntherisma filiformis 9. 22) eee es=eeee 12 
LOLMVANOMUDUUOUIL a2 eae eee ae 290 saneuinalis - os 20.202. .2ecee eee 12 
DUNGROS POTN. = 2 «sales cane wie ain eee ae 233 | TeMera.z oo. 0:.2s5.. i oo 97 
WAC KINENSEe oo. G2 secon asic eae 195,303,330) | Rerminology |) 620226 - eee. ee 10 
VAT AINMOIGES =). sat ea ce aoe erase 314,825,326 | Text figures of spikelets. 222252223 sseeeeeee 10 
PARA TASS se oa Vos sake coat a Mey aie ae 34_| Norrey Herbarium. 2045245225 -e eee 1 
Panis NErowgla/ Aten oa oh eae se ace oerete eye 4 | Tournefort, limitation of the genus Milium... 11 
Parry Eenpariinsa. 22) 28 2 etles ee eee 2 limitation of the genus Panicum......... 11 
POV AMMA ee eee ere eee eS 124 | .Uricheidia...2. 0/2... J2se2 eee 129 
Praspaiiinees ae foc tyes SSN ie ener 17,18 | Trintus Herbarium J... eee 4 
Paspalumuappressumic® 22) 2.2. kage sees 30331 | Lypespecimens: 4.22. 3) 50. eee 4 
GSS CHEMI crepe Stes eosin eres een ae 12> || My pOMyAMNS Se je= ma eenees ©. cos eee 5 
PAMiewlabeImM Gees ee ee ee 39 | United States National Herbarium-.......-. 1,2 
IPAUTOGhaActiltins. -s. eeeee wee ohare a. 17,18,22 | Wirvilleanal.....2-..2.0- 6 ee 132 
Pedicollatac se ec cet onsen ee ee 992 | Valota.2...¥.----c-act-< rr 18 
Pennisetum americanum)... 22 soseee- as ee 11,12" Van Enierck; herbaniimok=--- = =.e=e= eee 2 
PRAM O DUT sae 3 ne ee Eee ees ete 18.) Verrucosa... 205.22 .:.2.0) 22 126 
GYUDUNOCER DIM = soe ee He Sec eieee e 327. Vienna, herbariumiat......2---5.eeeeee ee 4 
Philadelphia Academy Herbarium........-- 1 | Virgata.. 5.2 22.22.0050. 2o eee 84 
Poiret, ity pes-olscis2. so sie. eon eee eee 3,4°|. Walter's herbarium: / =. 25 22.5 5c eee 3 
Poly pogon monspeliensis: 222-22 coe see a ece if | Willdenowablenbanumin. =>: =. ees eeeee ase 2 
Prague dherbaris At. i.c2cs slate. ceremonies aere ce 4 | Wood, Alphonso; types of: 52: = 22sec -aeeeeee 2 


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