Notes on several lizards of the genus Emoia, with descriptions of new species from the Solomon Islands

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FIELDIANA • ZOOLOGY

L^

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Volume 34 FEBRUARY 11, 1954 No. 25

NOTES ON SEVERAL LIZARDS
OF THE GENUS EMOIA

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES FROM
THE SOLOMON ISLANDS

A» " WALTER C. BROWN

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Since my return to the United States from the Pacific theater of
World War II, I have been engaged on research on the classification
of Pacific Island amphibians and reptiles. When I turned from de-
tailed studies on the amphibians of the Solomon Islands to the
reptiles of those islands, a special series of problems was immediately
evident in the lizards of the scincid genus Emoia. For the further-
ance of my studies on Emoia, I wish to thank Dr. Karl P. Schmidt
and Mr. Clifford H. Pope of Chicago Natural History Museum
(C.N.H.M.), Mr. Charles Bogert of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History (A.M.N.H.), Mr. Arthur Loveridge of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology (M.C.Z.), Dr. Robert Stebbins of the Museum
of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California (M.V.Z.), Dr.
George S. Myers of the Stanford Natural History Museum (S.N.
H.M.) and Mr. James R. Slater of the College of Puget Sound
(C.P.S.), who have lent the material used in this study.

A number of species of Emoia exhibit marked modification of
the primitive, simply rounded lamellae on the lower surface of the
digits (fig. 44). The lamellae are thinned, transversely enlarged,
and more numerous beneath the basal phalanges, suggesting adapta-
tion to an arboreal or semi-arboreal habitat. Three or possibly
four evolutionary lines within the genus show this modification.

VUSff.

Cyanogaster Group

The cyanogaster group includes several species, ranging in size
from a comparatively small lizard such as E. kordoana Meyer to a
No. 729 263 "RARY OF THE

FEB241S54

ILLINOIS

264

FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34

moderately large form such as E. cyanogaster cyanogaster Lesson.
All are relatively slender with elongate, pointed, depressed snouts
and with the number of lamellae beneath the fourth toe very rarely
below fifty. The two loreals on either side are of about equal
length and both are narrow (fig. 45, a). The interparietal is con-
sistently present in some species, consistently absent in others.

FIG. 44. Under surface of fourth toe of (a) E. baudinii, (b) E. c. cyanogaster.

There exist in the literature descriptions of nine species and
three (possibly five) subspecies that refer to members of this group :
E. beccarii Doria, E. carteretii Dume"ril and Bibron, E. cyanogaster
Lesson, E. iridescens Boulenger, E. kordoana Meyer, E. longicauda
Macleay, E. sorex Boettger, E. speistri Roux, E. tetrataenia Boul-
enger, E. cyanogaster keiensis Sternfeld, E. cyanogaster aruensis
Sternfeld, E. cyanogaster tongana Werner. Of the nine, E. carteretii
is, on the basis of our present knowledge, a synonym of E. c. cyano-
gaster; E. longicauda is apparently the earliest available name for
the race of cyanogaster that occupies New Guinea, the islands of
Torres Straits and possibly some other islands at the western end
of New Guinea; and E. iridescens is a synonym of E. kordoana
Meyer. Re-examination of the types, if possible, or examination
of more extensive samples of the populations they represent, should
be helpful in determining the exact status of E. beccarii and of the
three subspecies.

Emoia cyanogaster longicauda Macleay

Specimens examined. — M.C.Z. 9470, Murray Island, Torres
Straits (H. L. Clark), 1913; M.C.Z. 45504, Prince of Wales Island,
Torres Straits, 1929; C.N.H.M. 43181-82, Doromena, Dutch New

BROWN: LIZARDS OF GENUS EMOIA 265

Guinea (S. G. Jewett, Jr., and H. Cook), 1945; A.M.N.H. 58402,
Tarara, Papuan New Guinea (Archbold Expedition), 1938; A.M.N.H.
61958-59, Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea (Archbold Expedition),
1938; A.M.N.H. 66678, Gusika, Australian New Guinea, 1944.

Emoia longicauda Macleay is revived from the synonymy of E.
nigra Hombron and Jacquinot and made a race of E. cyanogaster,
since this series of specimens from the islands of Torres Straits and
New Guinea is in much closer agreement with Macleay's brief
description (1877, p. 68) than are typical specimens of E. nigra.
Boulenger's placing of E. longicauda in the synonymy of E. nigra
(Boulenger, 1887, p. 297) was not without reservation, for an inter-
rogation mark precedes the name and he does not include New
Guinea or the islands of Torres Straits in the range of E. nigra.
Although Macleay gave no scale counts, his description — "Head
rather elongate, and pointed at the muzzle, . . . frontonasals contig-
uous; . . . the sixth upper labial plate more than twice the size of
any of the preceding plates. Ear openings nearly round, with two
or three denticulations in front . . . tail twice the length of the
body . . ." — is characteristic of specimens of this western race of E.
cyanogaster but not of E. nigra. Also, on the basis of our present
knowledge, the western limits of the range of E. nigra are the is-
lands of the New Hebrides, the Solomons and the Bismarcks, with
the exception of one somewhat doubtful record (Valise Island off
northeast New Guinea; de Rooy, 1915, p. 261).

Amended diagnosis. — Differs from the typical race in the more
uniform color pattern. The broad dark brown to blackish band
along the side of the head and upper lateral surface of the body is
absent or reduced to a few blotches; the dorsum is often more grayish
or grayish-tan, marked frequently by scattered small, dark, and
occasionally light spots as is cyanogaster at times. The dorso-
lateral series of white or bluish spots, so often present in E. c. cyano-
gaster, is not in evidence in the present series of E. cyanogaster longi-
cauda; the latter is also a larger race. Five of the above eight
specimens measure more than 85 mm. from snout to vent, the
largest 98 mm. A.M.N.H. 58402, the smallest adult, measuring 79
mm. from snout to vent, is a female. The largest of a series of 24
specimens of c. cyanogaster from the Solomon Islands measures only
85 mm. from snout to vent; two males (C.N.H.M. 44894 and M.C.Z.
15107), measuring 65 and 67 mm., respectively, from snout to vent,
are mature, and one female (M.C.Z. 15118), measuring 70 mm.
from snout to vent, is gravid.

266 FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34

Description. — As in the typical race the body is slender; the tail
is very long; the snout is long, pointed and depressed, with the two
loreals of nearly equal length and very narrow; a small to moderate
interparietal is consistently present; pref rentals are large but gener-
ally separate in the present series; supranasals are triangular with
their moderately broad bases against the rostral; they are not in
contact with the anterior loreal; the number of rows of scales around
the middle of the body ranges from 24 to 27; the number of rows of
scales along the mid-dorsal line from the parietals to the base of the
tail varies from 55 to 59; and the number of lamellae under the
fourth toe ranges from 73 to 94.

The color (in preservative) is generally grayish-tan or light
brown on the dorsum and upper lateral surfaces. The broad, dark
brown or blackish band on the body is entirely absent or only sug-
gested by a few small, scattered, brownish spots. Occasionally
bluish or bluish-white spots occupying the area of a single scale or
less occur on the dorsal and lateral surfaces.

Emoia kordoana Meyer

Euprepes (Mabuya) kordoanus Meyer, 1874, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1874: 133 — Kordo, Mysore Island, Dutch New Guinea.

Lygosoma iridescens Boulenger, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 19: 9, pi. I,
fig. 4 — Mount Victoria, British New Guinea.

Specimens examined. — M.C.Z. 7683, Ansoes, Jobi Island, Dutch
New Guinea (T. Barbour), 1907; M.C.Z. 7688, Wooi Bay, Dutch
New Guinea (T. Barbour), 1907; M.C.Z. 7689, Sorong, Dutch New
Guinea (T. Barbour), 1907; M.C.Z. 48603 (+1 uncatalogued),
Aitape, New Guinea (W. M. Beck), 1944; M.C.Z. 49317, Toem,
Dutch New Guinea (W. H. Stickel), 1944; C.P.S. 4311, 4327,
Cape Endaiadere, Papuan New Guinea (W. C. Brown), 1944;
S.N.H.M. 11617, Cape Endaiadere, Papuan New Guinea (W. C.
Brown), 1944; A.M.N.H. 58655, Daviumbu, Papuan New Guinea
(Archbold Expedition); A.M.N.H. 59172, Kubuna, Papuan New
Guinea (Archbold Expedition).

The specimens from New Guinea in the collections of the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology were referred to E. cyanogaster by
Loveridge (1948, p. 366). I called his attention to the probable
validity of E. kordoana unfortunately too late for his consideration
at that time. He very kindly suggested that I re-examine the
material and publish my conclusions at a later date.

Emoia kordoana is a smaller lizard than the races of E. cyanogaster.
A male (A.M.N.H. 59172) is mature at a length of 43 mm. from

BROWN: LIZARDS OF GENUS EMOIA 267

snout to vent, and a female (A.M.N.H. 58655) is gravid at 48 mm.
The largest of the present series, a male (C.P.S. 4327), measures 59
mm. from snout to vent. The number of lamellae beneath the
digits is generally less than is characteristic of known races of E.
cyanogaster and the interparietal is consistently absent.

E. kordoana was placed in the synonymy of E. cyanura by
Boulenger (1887, p. 290). The name was later revived by Sternfeld
(1918, p. 411) but was assigned to the species now recognized as E.
cattistica Peters and Doria. Schiiz (1929, p. 8), after re-examination
of the type, again placed E. kordoana in the synonymy of E. cyanura,
but with reservation. He did so primarily because of the close
correspondence in the number of lamellae under the toes (70-72
under the fourth toe for the type of E. kordoana) and the number
of rows of scales around the middle of the body (26 for the type of
E. kordoana). Other characteristics — the more depressed snout and
the much longer and narrower anterior loreal — distinguish this
species from E. cyanura and indicate its closer relationship to the
members of the cyanogaster group.

The specimens from Daviumbu and Kubuna— the latter locality
is near Mount Victoria, the type locality of E. iridescens — are wholly
in agreement with the description of Emoia iridescens. Since they
cannot be distinguished on morphological grounds (to which our
present knowledge is limited) from specimens of E. kordoana from
other localities throughout New Guinea, I regard E. iridescens as a
synonym of E. kordoana.

Description. — The body is slender; the snout is pointed and
depressed; the anterior loreal is as long as the posterior or nearly so
and equally narrow; the prefrontals are separate; the supranasals
are narrow, triangular, posteriorly in contact with or but narrowly
separated from the anterior loreal; the supralabial beneath the orbit
(generally the sixth) is large, its length about 50 per cent of its dis-
tance from the rostral; the interparietal is absent. The number of
rows of scales around the middle of the body ranges from 24 to 28,
the number of lamellae beneath the fourth toe from 65 to 82, the
number of rows of scales along the mid-dorsal line from the parietals
to the base of the tail from 52 to 56 for eleven specimens.

Color (in preservative) on the dorsum grayish olive-green or grayish
brown, adults generally with the lateral margins of the scales dark
brown or with two or more rows of dark brown spots; a narrow,
generally broken, darker band of brown of varying intensity along
the upper lateral surfaces from the region of the eye to the hind

268 FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34

limb; lower lateral surfaces bluish white to tan; venter of the same
color but generally lighter.

This is in close agreement with Meyer's brief description, "Oli-
venfarbig oben, jede Schuppenreihe von der anderen durch etwas
Schwarz geschieden; an den Seiten blaulich, unten gelblichweiss."

In life, C.P.S. 4327 was greenish-brown on the dorsum mottled
with darker brown, light brown on the tail ; laterally more grayish-
green with an irregular brownish stripe extending from the eye to
the hind limb. A juvenile (C.P.S. 4311) was greenish-copper on
the dorsum when alive.

Differences in size and scale counts for the species discussed
above are summarized in Table I.

INCERTAE SEDIS

Euprepes (Mabuya) carteretii mysorensis Meyer, 1874, Mo-
natsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874: 133 — Mysore Island, Dutch
New Guinea.

Meyer's complete description is as follows: "Schwarzer Streif
vom Auge bis an die Vorderextremitaten, Unterseite schon blau."

Euprepes (Mabuya) samoensis moluccensis Peters, 1864,
Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864: 386 — Moti Island, Mollucas.

Peters' description is as follows: "Oben olivenbraun mit metal-
lischem Glanze und unregelmassig schwarz gesprenkelt, unten griin-
gelb. Die Supranasalia viel kleiner und die Ohrb'ffnungen enger,
sonst in der Gestalt und Pholidosis so sehr mit E. samoensis iiberein-
stimmend, dass ich nicht wage, das einzige Exemplar, welches Hr.
Dr. v. Martens auf der Mollukkeninsel Moti eingesammelt hat,
davon zu trennen."

These descriptions may or may not refer to members of the E.
cyanogaster group.

Cyanura Group

The members of the cyanura group are small to moderate-sized
lizards, distinguished from the members of the cyanogaster group by
the less elongate and less depressed snout. The anterior loreal is
much shorter and higher than the posterior and in contact anteriorly
with the supranasal (fig. 45, 6). Descriptions of four species, E.
arundeli Garman, E. cyanura Lesson, E. cuniceps de Vis, and E. im-

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270 FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34

par Werner, and one subspecies, E. cyanura schauinslandi Werner,
refer to members of this group. Emoia cuniceps is placed in the cy-
anura group because of the close correspondence in scale and lamel-
lae counts to the new species described at this time from the Solo-
mon Islands, although de Vis does not mention the shape of the
anterior loreal or discuss the depression of head and snout relative
to other species. E. arundeli is a race of cyanura.

E. impar, described from Ralum, New Britain, and Mioko Is-
land in the Bismarcks, and E. cyanura schauinslandi, described from
the Hawaiian Islands, may prove to be good races of cyanura when
population studies of this widely spread species are completed. E.
cuniceps from New Guinea is a distinct species. Two heretofore
undescribed species from the Solomon Islands appear to be most
closely related to the latter.

Schmidt (1932, p. 187) suggested that the series of specimens
from Ugi and Kolombangara Islands in the Solomons, which he
referred with reservation to E. cyanura, might actually be a distinct
species. Examination of a larger number of specimens from these
and other islands of the Solomons group has shown this to be the
case. With his permission, it gives me great pleasure to name the
species from the New Georgia group in his honor.

Emoia schmidti sp. nov.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 41331, an adult
female from New Georgia Island. Collected by William J. Beecher,
1943.

Paratypes. — Twenty-seven specimens, as follows: C.N.H.M.
41327-30, Munda, New Georgia Island (William J. Beecher), 1943;
C.N.H.M. 44276, New Georgia Island (T. W. Stixrud), 1945; C.N.
H.M. 13853 Kolombangara Island (Karl P. Schmidt), 1929; A.M.
N.H. 40312, 40336, and 40338, Kolombangara Island (Whitney
Expedition); A.M.N.H. 41311, Arnavon Island (Whitney Expedi-
tion); M.V.Z. 44956-61, Munda, New Georgia Island (Charles G.
Sibley), 1944; S.N.H.M. 13483, Kolombangara Island (exchange,
C.N.H.M.), 1952.

A single specimen (A.M.N.H. 41863) from Oema Island in the
Bougainville group is referred to this species but is not made a
paratype.

Definition and diagnosis. — An Emoia of moderate size with well-
developed limbs; snout moderately tapering and bluntly rounded;

BROWN: LIZARDS OF GENUS EMOIA 271

number of rows of scales around the middle of the body 31-36;
number of lamellae beneath the fourth toe 71-87; number of rows
of scales along the mid-dorsal line from the parietals to the base of
the tail 56-65; interparietal consistently absent; color pattern with
a broad, generally uniformly light brown mid-dorsal stripe (3 to 4
and a fraction scale-rows in width) which gradually fades into the
blue of the tail posterior to the hind limbs, and a narrow ivory to

a —^ ' b

FIG. 45. Lateral view of head of (a) E. schmidti, (b) E. cyanogaster. ^ante-
rior loreal.

pale greenish white dorso-lateral stripe edged dorsally by a narrow
dark brown band and laterally by the dark brown of the upper
lateral surfaces. Differs from E. cyanura from the same localities
in the greater number of rows of scales around the body, the color
pattern, the stockier build, and the blunter head and snout; from
E. cuniceps in the color pattern, the absence of a distinct interparie-
tal, the lower number of supralabials anterior to the enlarged one
beneath the orbit, and the generally smaller size and longer limbs,
the adpressed hind limb reaching to the shoulder or beyond (not
just to the elbow or a little beyond).

Differences in size and scale-counts are summarized in Table 2.

Description of type. — Body moderately slender; snout moderately
tapering and bluntly rounded; supranasals long, in contact with the
anterior loreal, which is shorter and broader than the posterior
loreal (fig. 45, a); prefrontals not in contact; frontal longer than
broad, slightly shorter than the fused fronto-parietals; no inter-
parietal; a pair of large nuchals and temporals behind the parietals.
Supraoculars 4, plus a small one posteriorly; ear opening about equal
in size to the palpebral disk, several small lobules along its anterior
border. Fifth and largest supralabial beneath the eye, its length
about one-half its distance from the rostral; six infralabials; post-
mental scarcely longer than the mental; the anterior pair of chin-
shields in contact. Scale-rows across the nape from ear opening to
ear opening 10; scale-rows around the middle of the body 34; from

272

FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34
TABLE 2. — Emoia cyanura Group

Scale-rows:

Midbody

Lamellae on

parietals to

Size at

scale-rows

fourth toe

base of tail

maturity

Emoia cyanura. . .

n=12

n=12

n=12

(Bougainville

m=27.1±0.275

m=88± 1.632

ra=57.9±0.399

45+

group)

R=26-28

R=72-98

R=55-60

Emoia cyanura . . .

n=31

n=18

n=32

(Guadalcanal)

m=28.2±0.214

?n=75.1±1.41

7w=57.8±0.313

44+

R=26-30

R=66-85

R=54-63

Emoia cyanura . . .

n=8

w=3

n=8

(Ugi)

ra=28.6±0.466

m=73.3±1.44

?n=57.9±0.728

47+

R=26-30

R=70-76

R=54-61

(3 meas.)

Emoia cyanura . . .

n=l

n=l

n=l

(New Georgia)

28

72

56

Emoia cuniceps* .

R-33-36

R=75-87

9

?

(New Guinea)

Emoia maculata. .

n=24

rc=23

n=24

m=29.9±0.178

m=82.1±0.742

7W=54.9±0.284

40 +

R=28— 32

R=74-88

R=52-59

Emoia schmidti . .

n=27

n=27

n=20

m=32.7±0.251

wi-77.6±0.749

?»=59.5±0.515

44+

R=31-36

R=72-81

R=55-65

n=number of specimens; ra=mean; R=range.
* Based on de Vis' description.

parietals to base of tail 61; lamellae under the fourth toe 70-71.
Color: Head and mid-dorsal region (three to four scale-rows in
width) light olive brown suffused with darker brown, head somewhat
lighter; a light ivory dorso-lateral stripe from the supraciliary region
to the hind limbs, bordered dorsally by a narrow blackish brown
line (one-half to two half-scales in width), which is broken and
irregular on the posterior part of the body, and below by the broad
black-brown band (generally four or five scales in width) on the side
of the head and upper lateral surface of the body as far posterior as
the hind limb. This dark lateral band is marked ventrally by small,
whitish or pale bluish green spots; limbs dark brown to black brown,
heavily marked with whitish or blue spots; toes with light transverse
bars; tail blue, marked with series of brown blotches on the dorsal
and lateral surfaces; lower lateral surfaces bluish; venter yellowish,
or whitish anteriorly and bluish white posteriorly.

Measurements. — Length of snout 5 mm.; snout to forelimb 11;
snout to vent 59; axilla to groin 28; tail 92; forelimb 18; hind limb
27.5; fourth toe 8.

BROWN: LIZARDS OF GENUS EMOIA 273

Variation. — The color pattern is very uniform throughout the
series.

Ernoia maculata sp. nov.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 13715, an adult
male from Ugi Island. Collected by Karl P. Schmidt in 1929.

Paratypes.— Twenty-three specimens from the following locali-
ties: C.N.H.M. 13710-14, 13716, Ugi Island (Karl P. Schmidt),
1929; M.C.Z. 49501-05 (+10 uncatalogued), Wainone Bay, San
Cristoval Island (W. M. Mann), 1915; S.N.H.M. 13484, Wainone
Bay, San Cristoval Island (exchange, M.C.Z.).

Definition and diagnosis. — A small Emoia with well-developed
limbs; snout moderately tapering and round-pointed; number of
scale-rows around the middle of the body 28-32; number of lamellae
beneath the fourth toe 74-88; number of scale-rows from the parietals
to the base of the tail 52-59; interparietals consistently absent;
color pattern with a mid-dorsal light stripe which is two plus two
half scale-rows in breadth at the nape but basically two-plus along
the back. Margins are uneven, however, and in the two rows of
dark scales separating the mid-dorsal from the dorso-lateral light
stripes, at intervals of one to four scales, are light blotches covering
a part or all of a scale. The light stripes are greenish bronze in the
head region, greenish blue on the body, and merge with the blue of
the tail posteriorly. Differs from E. cyanura from the same locality
in the distinctive color pattern and the slightly greater number of
rows of scales around the middle of the body; from E. schmidti, to
which it appears to be most closely related, in the generally smaller
size, lower number of scales around the middle of the body, and
color pattern.

Description of type. — Body moderately slender; snout moderately
tapering, rounded; supranasals long and narrow, in contact with
the anterior loreal on one side (barely separated from it on the
other); anterior loreal shorter and broader than the posterior; pre-
frontals rather widely separated; frontal longer than broad, shorter
than the fused fronto-parietals, no interparietal; a pair of large
nuchals and temporals behind the parietals; supraoculars four plus
a small one posteriorly; ear opening and palpebral disk equal in
size; fifth and largest supralabial beneath the eye, its length about
three-fourths of its distance from the rostral; postmen tal longer
than the mental; the anterior pair of chinshields in contact; scale-
rows across the nape from ear to ear 10, around the middle of the

274 FIELDI ANA, ZOOLOGY: VOLUME 34

body 28, from the parietals to the base of the tail 55; number of
lamellae under the fourth toe 75.

Color: Head and mid-dorsal band (two to two and two half
scale-rows in width) light greenish yellow or bronze anteriorly, be-
coming more greenish blue on the posterior half of the body before
it merges into the light blue of the tail, heavily blotched with
blackish-brown on the head and with scales dark bordered or with
scattered spots of blackish brown; dorso-lateral stripes (one to one
and one-half scale-rows in width) are also light greenish yellow
anteriorly, greenish blue posteriorly, bordered above by a narrow
blackish brown band (two half scales to two scale-rows in width)
and below by a black-brown band beginning on the snout, passing
through the eye and above the ear and ending in the region of the
hind limb (generally two to two and one-half scale-rows in width
along the flank). Frequent light spots occupying the area of a scale
or less tend to mark those areas along the borders of the mid-dorsal
and dorso-lateral stripes, giving a much more spotted appearance
than is characteristic of Emoia schmidti.

The blackish brown bands tend to be continued on the blue tail
as four series of dark blotches gradually disappearing toward the
tip. The lower lateral surfaces are bluish; the venter is white or
yellowish-white, faintly tinted with blue. The upper surfaces of
the limbs are dark brown spotted with blue or bluish-green, the toes
transversely barred with blue or bluish-white.

Measurements of type. — Length of snout 5 mm.; snout to fore-
limb 20; snout to vent 50; axilla to groin 22; tail 65; forelimb 15.5;
hind limb 23; fourth toe 7.

Variation. — The irregular margins of the dorso-lateral light
stripes and the regular pattern of light scales along the dorsal stripe
are frequently more pronounced than in the type (C.N.H.M.
13711-13, for example). Preservation in formalin makes the speci-
mens generally darker and the spotted pattern less conspicuous.

Remarks. — E. maculata appears to be related to E. schmidti but
since they are apparently morphologically distinct and geographi-
cally isolated, there being no evidence of intergradation or even
occupancy by either form of the intermediate island group (the
Guadalcanal group), I regard them as distinct species. Both over-
lap the distribution of E. cyanura without known evidence of inter-
gradation. Schmidt (1932, p. 186) noted that a series (C.N.H.M.
13706-08) from Ugi Island contained typical specimens of cyanura.
A single specimen (C.N.H.M. 44275), as is true of others collected

BROWN: LIZARDS OF GENUS EMOIA 275

by Mr. T. W. Stixrud, bore only the locality data, Solomon Islands.
However, in his correspondence with Mr. Pope he mentions collect-
ing only on New Georgia Island. The distribution within the Solo-
mons of all three species, based upon the specimens I have examined,
follows:

E. cyanura: Arnavon, Bagga, Banika, Bougainville, Fatura,
Fauro, Guadalcanal, Isabel, Malaita, New Georgia, Santa Ana, Savo,
Sterling, Treasury, Tulagi, Ugi.

E. schmidti: Arnavon, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Oema.

E. maculata: San Cristoval, Ugi.

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA