iiiiii
i
2K.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XXVL, 1919.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
H Journal of Zoology
IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XXVI., 1919.
(WITH SIX PLATES.)
Issued at the Zoological Museum, Trino.
PRINTED BY HAZKLL, WATSON k VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1919-1920.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVI. (1919).
AVES.
PAGES
1. More Notes on the Crested Larks of the Nile Valley. Ernst Haetekt . 36 — 40
2. Further Notes on some Uicruridae. E. C. Stuabt Baker . . . 41 — 45
3. Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. B. T3rpes in the General Collec-
tion (Part 1). Ernst Hartert 123—178
4. Some Notes on the Genus Surniculus. E. C. Stuart Baker . . 291 — 294
5. Explanations of Plates V. and VI. Ernst Habtert .... 358
LEPIDOPTERA.
1. Supplementary Notes to the Review of Houlbert and Oberthiir's Mono-
graph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Lord Rothschild . 1 — 27
2. Review of ■' A Monograph of the Castniinae." George Talbot . . 28 — 35
3. A Classification of the Aegeriadae of the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.
Sib George F. Hampson ........ 46 — 119
4. Three New Genera of Tineina resembling Aegeriadae. John Hartley
DURRANT 120—122
5. Some Sphingidae from the East. Karl Jordan ..... 190 — 192
6. List of Tjrpes of Lepidoptera in the Tring Museum. Part I. Lord
Rothschild 193 — 251
7. On new Genera and Species of Lepidoptera Phalaenae with the characters
of two new famiUes. Sir George F. Hampson ..... 253 — 282
8. The PapiHos of Para (Plates II.— IV.). Rev. A. Miles Moss . . 295—319
9. A Geographical Table to show the distribution of the American PapUios.
W. J. Kaye 320—355
10. Algerian Lepidoptera. (Explanation of figures on Plate I.) Lord
Rothschild . . . < . . . . 356 — 357
V
( vi )
NEUROPTERA.
PAOKS
1. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Neuropterous Insects of Algeria.
(Illustrated.) Lonoinus Navas 283—290
VERMIDEA.
1. Dispharages (Nematodes) de I'Afrique Mineure. (Dlustre.) L. G.
Seurat 179—189
INDEX 359—385
LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XXVI.
I. Algerian Lepidoptera. By P. W. Erohawk.
II. — IV. Larvae of Papilios of Para. By A. Miles Moss.
V. Sylvietta neumanni Rothsch., Pachycephala moroka Rothsch. and Hart.
Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothsch. By H. Gronvold.
VI. Melipotes ater Rothsch. and Hart. <J. Dicaeum nigrilore Hart. ?.
By H. Gronvold.
The parts of this volume were issued as follows :
No. 1. Containing pages 1—251, issued May 28th, 1919.
No. 2. Containing pages 253 — 358 and Plates I. — VI., issued January 20th, 1920.
No. 3. Contaming pages 359—385 and i-viii, issued May 18th, 1920.
EREATA.
Page 136, No. 69 : Read " cristatdla " instead of " iristatella."
Page 144, No. 124 : Read " Pyromelana " instead of " Pyrwmelana."
Page 145, Nos. 125, 126, 127 : Read " Pyromelana " instead of " Pyromelaena.'
Page 199, No. 50 : Read " Uhlae7wgramma " instead of " ChaUnogramma."
ym
NOVITATES Z00L06ICAE.
H 3ounial of Zooloo^.
KUITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and De. K. JORDAN,
Vol. XXVI.
No. 1.
Pages 1 — 251.
Issued Mat 28th, 1919, at tub Zoological Museum, Tbing.
FEINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1919.
Vol. XXVI.
N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BT
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT. and KARL JORDAN
CONTENTS OF NO. I.
PAGES
1. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES TO THE RE-
VIEW OF HOULBERT AND OBERTHUR'S
MONOGRAPH OF CASTNIINAE BY
TALBOT & PROUT Lord Rothschilil . . 1—27
2. REVIEW OF ."1 MONOGRAPH OF THE
" CASTNIINAE " George Talbot . . 28—35
■S. MORE NOTES ON THE ("RESTED LARKS
OF THE NILE VALLEY .... Ernst Hartert . 3fi— 40
4. FURTHER NOTES ON SOME DICRURIDAE E. C. Sluarl Bnker . 41—4.5
5. A CLASSIFICATION OF THE AEGERIADAE
OF THE ORIENTAL AND ETHIOPIAN
REGIONS Sir George F. Hmnpson 46—119
li. THREE NEW GENERA OF TINEINA RE-
SEMBLING AEGERIADAE . . . John Hnrlh'n Durrmit . 120—122
7. TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM.
B. TYPES IN THE GENERAL COLLEC-
TION . - Ervsl Ilnrlnl . . 12:i— 178
t(. DISPHARAGES (NEMATODES) DE L'AF
RIQUE MINEURE L. </. Seiirol . . 17!)- 189
9. SOME SPHINGIDAE FROM THE EAST. Karl Jordnn . . 190—192
11). LLST OF TYPES OF LEPIDOPTERA IX
THE TRING MUSEUM .... Lord h'oihsc/iild . . 193-251
I
5^
•^^
#^
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
Vol. XXVI. MAY 1919. No. I.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES TO THE REVIEW OF HOULBERT
AND OBERTHtJR'S MONOGRAPH OF CASTNIINAE BY
TALBOT AND PROUT.
By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S.
I HOPE when Dr. K. Jordan returns to Tring that he will complete and
publish his Monograph of the Castniidae which will also necessarily include
a detailed analysis of Houlbert and Oberthiii's Revision ; but meanwhile, I
have been asked to publish Mr. George Talbot's review of the work in question.
Thinking that, in view of the rarity of Castnias in collections, it would be
interesting to give a list of those in the Tring Museum, I am doing so, adding
such notes as I have been able to make while arranging my specimens according
to the revision in question.
Castnia (Cyparissias) dedalus (Cram.)
Papilio dedalus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. part 1. p. 1. pi. i. ff. A.B. (1775) (Berbice).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir consider that, as there are no specimens
they have seen which agree with Cramer's figure, this insect is still unknown
and therefore have renamed the Guiana Castnia of this group guyanensis. It
is well known that many of the plates in Cramer are very coarsely executed,
though the "originals" now in the British Museum are very well drawn. In
consequence of the faulty reproduction many figures do not agree closely with
the insects we know they are meant to represent ; therefore it is quite evident
that the insect named guyanensis by Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir is really
dedalus Cram, and guyanensis becomes a pure synonym. Among the series at
Tring moreover are specimens with very broad bands and large spots approach-
ing very closely to Cramer's figure. In his description Cramer says he has
seen specimens from Surinam, but that they are smaller. At Tring we have
3 specimens from the Felder collection which originally formed part of the Van
Lennep collection, one of which bears the characteristic large label with the
inscription " Danai Festivi, No. 1, Dedalus Cr. 1 fs. A.B." This is evidently
one of the Surinam specimens examined by Cramer, who figured and described
many specimens out of Van Lennep's collection. This specimen, however, is
not dedalus, but is a cj of Castnia grandis Jord. We have in the Tring Museum
12 specimens as follows :
3 <J<J, 2 ??, Surinam (Felder coll.) ; 2 ^cj, 3 ??, British Guiana ; 1 6, Chris-
tiaaeberg, Rio Demerara ; 1 ? Bartica, British Guiana.
1
2 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Cyparissias) dedalus amazonensis Houlb.
Castnia amazonensis Houlbert, Ettnl. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 51. pi. ii. f. 2 (1917) (Upper
Amazon).
This subspecies is chiefly distinguishable by the almost obsolete spots in
the two rows on outer one-third of hindwing of o and the enlarged anterior spots
on inner row in the ?. The Tring Museum has 3 specimens as follows :
2 cJcJ, 1? Juhuty Amazons, April 1905 (M. de Mathan).
Castnia (Cjrparissias) dedalus conspicua subsp. nov.
(J ?. Distinguished from aU the other races of dedalus by the almost imi-
form width of the oblique band on the forewing and by the large size and sulphur-
yellow colour of the two rows of spots on the liindwing. The white markings,
including the obKque band, on the forewings are also wider and more sharply
defined than in the other forms.
ab. magnipuncta ab. nov. 3 $ the two rows of yeUow spots on the hind-
wings very much enlarged. The following specimens are in the Tring Museum :
1 (J, 5 ?? Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 m. = 2,438 ft., August 1906—
April 1907 (Jose Steinbach) (? type) ; 2 ?$ Sta Cruz de la Sierra, East Bohvia,
1905—1906 (Jose Steinbach) ; 1 $ Rio Chuchui'ras, Rio Palcazu, 320 m. = 1,040
ft., September 5th, 1904 (W. Hoffmanns) ; 1 ? Pozuzo, Dept. Huanaco, Peru
(W. Hofifmanns) ; 1 cJ Santiago del Estero, East Bolivia, 1905-6 (Jose Stein-
bach) ; 1 (J Prov. Sara, Dept. Sta Cruz de la Sierra, East Bolivia, February
1904 (Jose Steinbach) ; 1 (J, 1 $ Escorado, Dept. Sta Cruz de la Sierra,
East Bolivia, January 1904 (Jose Steinbach) (ab. magnipimcta, type ?) ;
2 ?? Santiago del Estero, East Bolivia', 1905-6 (Jose Steinbach).
Castnia (Cyparissias) grandis (Jord.)
Eiipalamides grandis Jordan, Novit. Zool. vol. xxiv. p. 59. no. 1 (1917) (Kouron River).
Of this very distinct species, which exhibits its most distinctive characters
in the genitalia, but which can, however, be outwardly distinguished from
dedalus by its lacking the white submarginal spots on the forewings above the
first radial nervure and in the entirely scaled underside, there are at Tring
10 specimens as follows :
1 S Mouth of Kouron River, December 1903 (E. Le Moult) (type) ; 2 (J<J ? ? ;
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Surinam (coll. Van Lennep, ex coU. Felder) ; 1 ? ? (ex Leyden
Museum, ex coll. Felder) ; 2 ?? ? (ex Berlin Museum, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 ?
British Guiana.
Castnia (Cyparissias) boliviensis Houlb.
Castnia boliviensis Houlbert, Etud. Entom. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 52 (1917) (Bolivia).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir maintain that the unique Brazihan ? sent
to Vienna by J. Natterer and described by KoUar as Castnia geron is entirely
distinct from the cJ insect from Bolivia described by Preiss as the 3 of geron.
These gentlemen also state they have never seen Preiss's insect either, but
only know the two dra\vings. They nevertheless proceed to name the figure
of Preiss as above. The Tring Museum possesses 9 Bolivian and Peruvian
specimens, all 33, so the question of the identity or otherwise of Kollar's and
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 3
Preiss's insects cannot be finally splved yet. As, however, these Peruvian and
Bolivian ^<J differ immensely from Kollar's figure of the Brazilian 2 and the
habitats of the two are very far apart, I have preferred at present to keep them
as distinct species till we can compare Brazilian cjtj and Bolivian ??. Preiss's
figure agrees exactly with the 9 (Jc? at Tring.
5 <J(J Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 m. = 2,438 ft., August 1906— April
1907 (Jose Steinbach) ; 3 <J<J Yahuarmya, S.E. Peru, 1,200 ff., February and
March 1912 {H. and C. Watkins) ; 1 cj Sta Cruz de la Sierra, East Bohvia, 1905-6
(Jose Steinbach).
Castnia (Amauta) cacica Herr.-Schaeff.
Castnia cacica Hesrioh-SchsieflFer, Ausseur Schmett. pi. liv. fig. 143 (1854) (Central Columbia).
In the case of this species I am convinced that Druce was wrong and Houl-
bert and Oberthiir right in separating two races of aicica, the typical one being
confined to Central Columbia. The Tring Museum has 5 specimens of cacica
cacica as follows :
2 (J<J Columbia ; 1 3 Sta Pe de Bogota ; 1 ? ? ; 1 ? Bogota (Lindig coll.,
ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Amauta) cacica procera Boisd.
Castnia procera Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lepid. Hit. p. 503 (1874) (Mexico).
This form differs chiefly in the absence of the white discocellular stigma
in the forewings.
There are at Tring 1 1 specimens as follows :
1 $ Guatemala (Salvin, ex coll. Felder) ; 2 <?<?, 2 ?? Sixola River, Costa
Rica (W. Schaus) ; 2 cJcJ ? ; 1 <J S. America ! (loc. err.) ; 1 <? Carilla, Costa
Rica ; 1 (J, 1 ? Carrabianco, Costa Rica (Lankester).
Castnia (Amauta) papilionaris amethystina Houlb.
Castnia amethystina Houlbert, Etud. Entom. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 54 (1917) (Panama).
This form differs from papilionaris papilionaris by its small size and narrow
blue band on hindwings. The Tring Museum has one specimen, 1 <? Merida,
Venezuela (Briceno).
Castnia (Amauta) papilionaris velutina Houlb.
Castnia velutina Houlbert, Etud. Entom. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 55 (1917) (Guayaquil ?).
1 ? Maceo, Ecuador, 1905-6; 1 ? Zamora, Ecuador, 2—4,000 ft. (0. T.
Baron) ; 2 <J<J, 2 ?$ Ecuador.
Castnia (Amauta) papilionaris affinis subsp. nov.
This form is nearest to velutiim, but the ?? have the bands almost as broad
as in Westwood's figure of papilionaris papilionaris. The Tring Museum has
8 specimens as follows :
3 <JcJ, 1 $ Yahuarmya, S.E. Peru, 1,200 ft., February— March 1912 (H.
and C. Watkins) ; 1 S Pozuzo, Huanaco, 800—1,000 m. = 2,600—3,250 ft.
(W. Hoffmanns) ; 2 ?? Chanchamayo, Peru ; 1 S Songo, Bolivia (Garlepp).
4 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Amauta) angustata Druce
Castnia angustata Drucc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p. 505 (1907) (Ecuador).
Messrs. Houlbert and Obeithiii- as usual refuse to accept Druce's name
because unaccompanied by a figure, though they were informed by Mr. Talbot
that Houlbert's Castnia oherthiiri was antedated ten years by angustata Druce.
The Tring Museum possesses 10 specimens as follows :
1 (J Rio Dagua, Columbia (W. Rosenberg) ; 2 (JJ Paramba, Ecuador,
3,500 ft., April 1897 (W. Rosenberg) ; 1 <?, 5 5? Paramba, Ecuador, January-
August 189S— 1899 (Flemming) ; 1 ? Zamora, Ecuador, 3—4,000 ft. (0. T.
Baron).
Castnia (Eupalamides) schreibersi Mikan
Castnia .schreibersi Mikan, Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis, pi. 18 (1820).
The Tring Museum has 4 specimens of this species as follows :
1 (J ? ; 1 $ ? (ex coll. Felder) ; 2 $ Upper Amazons.
Castnia (Eupalamides) actor Dalm.
Castnia actor Dalman, Prodr. Monogr. Castniae, in Act. Holm. p. 398. 2. pi. v. {. 1 (1824) (Brazil).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir in opposition to Boisduval consider actor
a distinct species from schreibersi ; I cannot express r.n opinion as I only have
one specimen, which agrees with Dalman's plate except that it lacks all blue
on liind\\ing.
1 (J South Brazil.
Castnia (Eupalamides) zerynthia Gray
Castnia zerynthia G. R. Gray, Trans. Enlum. Soc. Land. 1838. p. 144.
Of this conspicuous species there are at Tring 7 specimens as follows :
1 ^ Esperitu Santo, Brazil (ex coll. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 J South Brazil ; 1 $ 1 ;
2 ?? Rio Janeiro, Vienna Academy Expedition, 1867 (ex coll. Felder) ; 2 ?? 1
but probably same source (ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Corybantes) pylades (Stoll)
Papilio pylades Stoll, in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. part xxxiii. p. 200. pi. 387. ff. A.B. (1782)
(West Indies).
The Tring Museum possesses a single specimen of this fine and large species :
1 $ Cayenne (coll. Becker, ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Corybantes) mathani Oberth.
Castnia mculuini Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. fasc. vi. pi. 4. f. 2 (1881) (Teffe).
The <J in the Tring Museum differs from the <J in the Paris Museum {Etvd.
Lepidop. Comp. fasc. xv. p. 183. fig. 63 ter.) by the entire absence of the 2
subapical pale spots on forewing, the spot above vein 5 alone being present.
1 (J Maripa, Caura River, Venezuela, July 1901 (S. M. Klages) ; 1 ?, Rio
Demerara, British Guiana.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. '5
Castnia (Corybantes) veraguana parambae subsp. nov.
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir have stated their conviction that West-
wood's veraguana and Schaus's govara are distinct species, while Dr. Strand
considers them 3 ?. There are in the Tring Museum 3 SS of govara, and if it
were not for a fourth ^ of this group the question of identity or otherwise might
have remained doubtful. But a S from Paramba, Ecuador, appears to solve the
problem, for while having as in govara only 2 vitreous subapical spots instead of
3 as in veraguarui, it has the large median chevron-like band of the fcrewings
much narrower and deeper rufous, not whitish as in govara, while the hindwings
are exactly as in Westwood's figure of veraguana. The latter, however, has
the chevron band much broader than in govara. The truth therefore seems to
be that we have here 3 local races or subspecies of veraguami, but the character
of the 2 versus 3 hyaline subapical spots appears to be sexual.
This new form differs from veraguana veraguana by the very narrow and
more rufous chevron band.
I (J Paramba, Ecuador, January — August 1898 (Flemming)
Castnia (Corybantes) veraguana govara Schaus
Castnia govara Schaus, Joiirn. Nov York Enlnm. Soc. vol. iv. p. 147 (1896) (Columbia).
Differs from both ver. veraguana and ver. parambae in the entire absence
of the red median band on the hindwings, only 1 of the 3 SS at Tring showing
a minute red dot in the black disc.
3 (J (J Sta Fe de Bogota, Columbia.
Castnia (Castniomera) atymnius Dalm.
Castnia atymnius Dalman, Prodr. Monogr. Castniae, in Act. Holm. p. 12 (1824) (Brazil).
Messrs. Oberthiir and Houlbert have divided this species into a number of
species ; but as far as my series of this group of Castnia shows, I can only
accept two as good species, viz. drucei Schaus and atymnius Dalm., the latter
with at least 6 subspecies. All the subspecies show a tendency for some
individuals to have the outer half of hindwings rufous or pale brown instead
of black or deep brown, and this makes it almost impossible at the present
moment to fix the forms named neicmanni and afjinis by Houlbert, for he records
neunnanni from Panama, Columbia, Guatemala, and Venezuela, while afpnis
is only recorded from Columbia. Again it is very difficult to follow Mr. Houlbert
when he says in one paragraph (page 209) that hitmboldti is exclusively confined
to Columbia and four lines farther down records specimens of humboldti in
Mr. Oberthiir's collection from Venezuela. As Mr. Houlbert, however, states that
Guenee quotes Columbia with a ? as the habitat of the type of Houlbert's
neivmanni I consider we have the right to fix the type locality by subsequent
designation as probably Venezuela, as my series from there agree best with
their figure, and I shall in this list do so, at the same time considering all
the specimens from other localities quoted by Houlbert imder neumanni as
aberrations of the respective forms of atymnius from those localities.
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir divide their genus Castniomera into two
sections ; one Melanosema, where the forewing has only a single pale band, while
the other, Phaeosema, has two. On examination it will, however, be found that
6 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
all the specimens of this group of Castnia have two distinct pale bands on the
underside of the fore\\ing, and if in drucei or in the forms of alymnius other than
aiymnius aiymniits the outer macular band shows through in some specimens,
it is the exception and not the rule. (It is present above in the ?? of all.)
The Tring Museum possesses 7 specimens of alymnius atymniiis :
1 (J Espiritu Santo (ex coll. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 $ Rio Janeiro (the subapical
macular band above is much more obsolete than in the other races and in
drucei) ; 3 <JcJ Brazil, Westin (ex. Mus. Holm, ex coll. Felder) (type) ; 2 <J(J ?.
Castnia (Castnicmera) atymnius humboldti Boisd.
Castnia humboldti BoisduTal, Spec. Gen. Lipid. Hit. p. 528 (1874) (Columbia).
The Tring Museum possesses 8 specimens of this race as follows :
4 cJcJ, 2 ?? Rio Dagua, Columbia (W. Rosenberg) ; 1 S Bogota (Childs) ;
1 <J Sta Fe de Bogota.
Castnia (Castniomera) alymnius futilis Walk.
Castnia futilis Walker, Cat. Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. vol. 7. p. 1581 (1856) (Nicaragua).
Owing to the confusion of futilis by Westwood and Druce, and because it
has never been figured, Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir ignore it entirely as a
nomenclatorial unit, though under drucei they go fuUy into its history. I have
compared the type carefully and have come to the conclusion that it is the
same as Boisduval's salasia, which it therefore antedates by eighteen years.
Strand's brunneata is rightly considerel by Houlbert as a pale ? of salasia =
futilis, there are 2 <J<J at Tring of the same aberration. The series in the Tring
Museum consists of 34 specimens as follows :
1 cj Panama, October 1896 (W. Rosenberg) ; 5 JcJ Isthmus of Panama,
December 1907 (Pemberton) ; 2 SS Guapiles, Costa Rica, Jime (W. Schaus) ;
1 (J Carillo, Costa Rica, June — July 1903 (Underwood) ; 1 <J Tuis, Costa Rica ;
1 <J San Jose, Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 (J, 1 ? San Ramon, Rio Wanks,
Nicaragua, 375 ft., May— June 1905 (M. G. Pahner) ; 1 $ Honduras; 11 <J<J,
1 ? Pacific Slope, Guatemala (Salvin, ex coll. Felder) ; 2 (JcJ ? (ex coll. Felder) ;
1 d Orizaba, Mexico ; 1 § Orizaba, Mexico (Biliwick, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 <?
Pacific Slope, Guatemala (Salvin), 1 (J Central America, 1 (J ? (ex coll. Felder).
ab. brunneata Strand.
Castnia (Castniomera) atymnius newmanni Houlb.
Castnia neumanni Houlbert, Etud. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 58 (1917) (Columbia, '!, Venezuela
desig. subsp. W. R.).
The Tring Museum possesses 7 specimens of this form as follows:
5 (JcJ San Esteban, Venezuela, July 1909 (S. M. Klages) ; 1 <J Venezuela
(Mocquerys) ; 1 $ Onaca, Sta Marta, 2,000 ft. (Engelke).
Castnia (Castniomera) atymnius ecuadorensis Houlb.
Castnia ecuadorensis Houlbert, Btud. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 57 (1917) (Ecuador).
The Tring Museum has 18 specimens of this race as follows :
2 (JcJ Zamora, Ecuador, 3—4,000 ft. <0. T. Baron) ; 2 (JcJ Cachabe,
January 1897 (W. Rosenberg) ; 12 3S, 2 ^ Paramba, Ecuador, 3,500 ft., April
1897 (W. Rosenberg).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 7
Castnia (Castniomera) atymnius afi&nis Houlb.
Caatnia affinis Houlbert, Etud. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 57 (1917) (Columbia).
This may only prove to be an aberration of humboldti, but for the present
I keep it separate. Two specimens only are in the Tring Museum.
1 cJ Rio Negro (ex coll. Felder) ; 1 3 Coreato, Cauca Valley (Paine and
Brinkley).
Castnia (Castniomera) drucei Schaus
Castnia dnicei Schaus, Ann. d:. Mag. Nal. Hist. (8)7. p. 191 (1911) (Costa Rica).
The Tring Museum series consists of 17 specimens :
1 ? Guapiles, Costa Rica, May (W. Schaus) (cotype) ; 2 <J<J San Mateo,
Costa Rica, 1—2,000 ft., November 25— December 12, 1906 (W. Schaus) ;
7 <J<J, 2 ?? Ascazu, Costa Rica, August — October 1903 (Underwood) ; 2 cJtJ
Bogava, Chiriqui, 800 ft. (Watson) ; 1 3 Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 cJ Pacific
Slope, Guatemala (Salvin, ex coll. Felder).
Castnia licus (Drury).
Papilio licus Drury, lllust. Nat. Hist. vol. i. p. 30. pi. xvi. £f. 1, 2 (1770) (Surinam).
The Tring Museum possesses 5 specimens of this excessively rare species,
including a ? out of the Van Lennep collection which must have been examined
by Cramer though he figures a (J. I should have considered all the forms treated
by Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir under licus, licoides, and licoidella as sub-
species of licus without hesitation, but I have a large series of specimens from
British, Dutch, and French Guiana which agree with licoides and differ remark-
ably from the 5 true licus. It will most likely turn out that the genitalia of
licus and the licoides forms are quite different, but I must leave the settling
of this question and also the detailed description of licus to be published in
Dr. Jordan's monograph.
1 (J, 1 $ Surinam (ex coll. Van Lennep, ex coU. Felder) ; 1 $ ? (ex coll.
Felder) ; 1 <J, 1 ? ?.
Castnia licoides Boisd.
Castnia licoides Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lepid. HH. p. 527. pi. i. (1874) (Sta Catharina).
This is a very widespread and variable species, and I do not feel competent
at this moment to describe the S3Veral unnamed subspecies and shall only treat
them as Mr. Oberthiir has done as races as yet unnamed.
The Tring Museum has 41 specimens from the following localities :
1 (J Bahia, 1 <J, 1 ? ? (probably Bahia) (ex coll. Feld.) ; 9 <?(?, 2 ?? Amazon
River; 6 (JcJ, 1 ? Ega, Amazons (Bates, ex coll. Felder) ; 3 cJcJ, 3 ?? Itaituba
to Obidos, April 1906 (W. Hoffmanns) ; 1 ^, 1 $ Obidos, Amazons, October-
November 1904 (M. de Mathan) ; 2 (J<J, 3 ?? Yuhuty, Amazons, April 1905
(M. de Mathan) ; 4 <J,J, 2 $$ Rio Janeiro ; 1 <J Para 1893 (Stuart).
Castnia licoides subsp. ?
Of the Guiana race there are 62 specimens at Tring :
8 (?<?, 6 $? British Guiana ; 3 cJcJ, 3 ?$ Rio Dcmerara, British Guiana ;
8 <J(J, 1 ? Bartica, British Guiana ; 1 S Fort George, September 1891 ; 1 ?
8 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Gourdonville, Kouron River, Cayenne, September 1905 (E. Le Moult) ; 600,
9 ?S Mouth of Kouron River, Cayenne, July 1905 (E. Le Moult), 1 (J Kouron
River, Cayenne, January 1906 (E. Le Moult) ; 1 3 Gfeorge Town, British Guiana ;
larva and pupa, George Town, British Guiana ; 8 SS, 3 $? St. Laurent de
Maroni, Cayenne, August — December 1905 (E. Le Moult) ; 1 ? St. Jean de
Maroni, July — August 1904 (E. Le Moult) ; 2 33, I Cayenne, I Maraukam (ex
coU. Felder).
Castnia licoides insulaiis Houlb.
Castnia licoides form, insutaris Houlbcrt. Eliid. Lipid. Cump. fasc. xv. p. 235 (1918) (Trinidad).
The Tring Museum has 21 specimens :
15 (J (J Trinidad ; 1 ? Maraval, Trinidad, August 1891 ; 1 <J Port of
Spain, Trinidad, July 1891; 3 SS Ariapite Valley, Trinidad, June 1892; 1 (J
Caparo Valley, Port of Spain, January 1897 (Dr. Percy Rendall).
Castnia licoides subsp. ?
Of the Venezuelan race there are 1 2 specimens at Trtng :
1 J, 1 $ La Vuelta, Caura River, May 1904 (S. M. Klages) ; 9 <?<? Suapure,
Venezuela, March — October 1899 (S. M. Klages) ; 1 3 Pataoguiria, Venezuela,
August 1891.
Castnia licoides subsp. ?
Of the Columbian subspecies there are 4 specimens at Tring. The ? has the
subapical spots very small.
1 3 Villa vicencio to Rio Ocoor Forest, 350—400 m. = 1,137—1,300 ft.,
January 1897 (Dr. Biirger) ; 1 S Columbia ; 2 ?? Bogota.
Castnia licoides subsp. ?
The Peruvian subspecies is represented at Tring by 18 specimens :
5 (J<J Chanchamayo, Peru, January — July 1901 (Hoffmanns & Schunke) ;
6 ??, 1 S Pozuzo Huanaco, 800—1,000 m. = 2,600—3,250 ft. (W. Hoffmanns) ;
2 33 Cuzco, Peru, March 1901 (Garlepp) ; 1 Oroya Inambari, 3,000 ft., May
1901 (G. Ockenden) ; 2 33 La Union, Rio Huacamayo Carabaya, 2,000 ft.,
November 1904 (G. Ockenden) ; 1 $ La Merced, Central Peru.
Castnia licoides subsp. ?
Of the Bolivian race there are at Tring 31 specimens :
16 cJcJ, 3 ?$ Buena vista, East BoKvia, 750 m. = 1,950 ft., October 1906—
March 1907 (Jose Steinbach) ; 1 3 Sta Cruz de la Sierra, East BoUvia 1905 —
1906 (Jose Steinbach) ; 6 33, 2 ?? Province Sara, Dept. Sta Cruz de la Sierra,
East Bolivia, February 1904 (Jose Steinbach) ; 2 33 Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia
1,000 m. = 3,250 ft., November 1899 (Garlepp) ; 1 3 Quarnay Mapiri, River
Bolivia, 15,000 ft., July 1895 (Maxwell Stuart).
1 3 from Buenavista lacks the transverse white band on forewings, only
having a white spot on costa, a white patch in cell and a white streak abov©
tomus.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 9
Castnia licoides licoidella Strand
Castnia licus licoidella Strand, in Seitz, MacroUp. Erde, vol. vi. p. 8. pi. 26 (1913) (Peru).
1 believe this is nothing but an aberration occurring in all the races of
licoides, but until I can prove it I record here imder this name the specimens from
the Peruvian Amazons and Rio Negro. There are 5 specimens at Tring :
2 (J (J, 1 ? Rio Negro (ex coll. Felder) ; 1 (J Iquitos, 1 ^ Rio Cachiaco (Max-
well Stuart).
Castnia albomaculata Houlb.
Castnia albomaculata Houlbert, Etud. Lipid. Camp. fasc. xiii. p. 59. pi. iv. f. 4 (1917) (Amazons,
Peru).
This may turn out to be an extreme form of licoides, but apart from the
fact that both S and $ have the white subapical spots above, it appears that
a true licoides race occurs with this species in the Peruvian Amazons.
There are two specimens at Tring :
1 :J, 1 ? Bogota (Lindig, ex coll. Felder).
Castnia albomaculata microsticta subsp. nov.
This race differs from ulh. albomaculata in having the subapical white spots
above very small.
There are 5 specimens of it at Tring :
4 SS San Ramon, Rio Wanks, Nicaragua, 375 ft.. May — June 1905 (M. G.
Palmer) ; 1 $ Esperanza, May (W. Schaus) (type San Ramon).
Castnia (Erythrocastnia) syphax (Fabr.)
Papilio sijpliax Fabricius, Syst. Entom. p. 480. No. 165 (1775) (in Indiis).
Of this species there is a series of 19 specimens at Tring, one of which
belonged to the Van Lennep collection, and is one of those examined by Cramer :
3 oij Suruiam (Klinkenberg, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 ? Surinam (ex coll. Van
Lennep, ex coU. Felder) ; 1 S Amazon (Bates), 1 S America CentraUs ; 1 cJ Berlin
Museum, 1 <? ? (ex coll. Felder) ; 2 (JcJ South America ; 1 S Para -,2 33 Saint
Laurent de Maroni, Cayenne, September 1905 (E. Le Moult) ; 3 <?<?, 2 ?? Itaituba
to Obidos, January — April 1906 (W. Hoffmanns) ; 1 cj ViUa Franca, Amazonas
(M. de Mathan).
Xanthocastnia Houlb.
In this section there are 3 fairly distinct groups : ( 1 ) evalthe and subspecies,
(2) viryi and subspecies, and (3) euphrosyne. Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir
make this section consist of 7 species, but I consider that there are only 3, viz.
evalthe with 4 named subspecies, viryi with 2 named subspieces, and euphrosyne.
The forms of evalthe are distinguished above by two transverse bands on the
forewing, and the yellow band on hindwing is narrow, while the red margino-
submarginal spots are small ; euphrosyne has on the forewing two transverse
bands as in evalthe, but the yellow band on hindwing is transformed into a
large irregular patch, and the red spots are much enlarged, lengthened and
coalescent ; in virtji above, the 2nd transverse band on the forewings is
absent. The fact that Mr. Talbot found the pulviUus of evalthe differing some-
what from that of evalthonida does not necessarily mean that it is distinct, and
10 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
that the two are species as opposed to subspecies. If my readers will refer to
Dr. Jordan's and my monograph, "Revision of the Lepidopterous Family
Sphingidae," Novitates Zoologicae, volume ix. Supplement, pages 132-134,
they will find imder the description of Hyloiais ( = Sphinx) perelegan.s Edwards
that the species has two forms, i.e. is dimorpliic, and that the one form
asellus R. and J. has the pararychium of the tarsus reduced and without lobe,
while the other form perelegans Edw. has this organ with a prolonged lohe.
This case shows that occasionally seasonal or climatic influences may affect
individual organs in lepidoptera within the same species or subspecies in the
same locality, and yet are not of specific or subspecific importance or significance.
On the other hand, structural variation, especially in chitinous organs, is in most
instances of deeper significance than colour and pattern differences and must
be more carefully studied before coming to a decision as to the precise meaning
of this variation in a given instance.
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe (Fabr.)
Papilio evalthe Fabricius St/st. Entoniol. p. 480. no. 166 (1775) (in Indiis).
I (?, 1 ? Onoribo, Dutch Guiana, February 1893 (C. W. Ellacombe) ; 1 ?
Paramaribo, February 1892 (C. W. Ellacombe) ; 1 $ Rio Demerara ; 1 ? British
Guiana ; 1 $ ? ; 2 ??, 1 cj ? (ex coll. Felder) evidently Surinam.
I have no specimens from Cayenne, so am imable to say if evaltheformis
Houlb. is constantly distinct or not.
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe evalthoides Strand
Castnia evalthe evalthoides Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 8. pi. 3a (1913) (Bolivia).
1 3 Cajon, Cuzco, November 1900 (Garlepp.) ; 1 3 Province Rio; 1 cJ, 1 ?
Buenavista, East BoUvia, 750 m. = 2,437 ft., August 1906— April 1907 (Jose
Steinbach) ; 1 (J, 1 $ Sta Cruz de la Sierra, E. Bolivia 1905—1906 (Jose Stein-
bach) ; 1 <J Santiago del Estero, E. Bolivia, 1905-1906 (Jose Steinbach).
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe quadrata subsp. nov.
Nearest to evalthe evalthoides by reason of the complete submarginal row
of 7 red spots on the hindwing. Differs from e. evalthoides in its much larger
size, narrow and strongly bent upper portion of yellow band on hindwing, and
in the great size and quadrate shape of the red spots.
Length of forewing : <? 52 mm. ; ? 70 mm. Expanse : cj 112 mm. ; ? 148
mm. Largest cJ evalthoides at Tring length of forewing : 44 mm. Expanse :
7 mm.
1 (J, 1 ? Pozuzo, Department Huanaco, Peru (Hoffmarms) (type ?) ; 1 cJ Mar-
capata, East Peru, 4,500 ft. ; 1 <J Zamora, Ecuador, 3—5,000 ft. (0. T. Baron).
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe evalthonida Houlb.
Castnia evalthonida Houlbert, Elud. Lipid. Comp. faac. xiii. p. 66. pi. iv. f. 5 (1917) (Cananchc).
3 ?§ Bogota ; 1 <J Bogota (Child) ; 3 33 Bogota (Lindig, ex coll. Felder) ;
2 (J (J, 1 $ Sta Fe de Bogota ; 2 cji^ Pizarro Cundinamarca, September 1903
(M. de Mathan) ; 1 ? Cundinamarca, Columbia, June — September 1903 (M. de
Mathan) ; 1 tJ ?.
KOVITATES ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919. 11
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe wagneii Buchecker
Gaatnia wagneri Buchecker, Syst. Entomol., Castnia, pi. xx. f. 26 (1880).
1 (J Humayta, Rio Madeira, July — September 1906 (W. HofEmanns) ; I ? ?.
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe subsp. ?
The material we possess is insuflScient to describe this form.
1 (J CariUo, Costa Rica, June — July 1903 (Underwood) ; 1 $ Central
America (Felder coU.).
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) viryi intermedia subsp. nov.
Differs from viryi vicina in the much narrower and feebler distal transverse
line on the underside of forewing.
1 (J Costa Rica.
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) euphrosyne Perty.
Castnia euphrosyne Perty, Delect. Anim. artic. Bras. p. 155. pi. 31. fig. 1. (J (1830) (Brazil).
1 <J, 2 $? Rio de Janeiro ; 2 <?<?, 1 ? ?.
Castnia (Xanthocastnia) euphrosyne anerythra subsp. (?) nov.
Differs from e. euphrosyne by the yeUow patch on hindwing being joined to
costa by a narrow serpentine yellow broken band on the upperside, and in the
yellow patch having no red on outer side. The red spots much reduced.
1 cJ ? (ex Felder coll.).
Castnia (Graya) dalmannii Gray
Castnia dalmannii Gray, Trans. Entom. Soc. Land. 1837. p. 145 (Brazil).
1 cJ Peru ; 1 (J ?.
Castnia (Athis) hegemon KoOar
Castnia hegemon Kollar, Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 217. pi. xiii. fig. 2. (1839) (Rio .J.ineiro).
3 (J<J Rio de Janeiro (ex coll. Felder) ; 3 ocJ Rio de Janeiro (R. May) ;
1 <J, 1 ? ?.
Castnia (Athis) hegemon variegata subsp. nov.
Differs from h. hegevion on the liindwiiigs in the inner black line being
extended to costa and the outer to vein 6 and enclosing Ln two loops portions
of the red ground-colour.
1 ? Sta Catharina.
Castnia (Athis) frnscolombei Godt.
Castnia fonscolombe Godart, Enc. ileth. vol. ix. p. 799. no. 13 (1824) (Brazil).
Houlbert uses Hiibner's name of japyx, as he quotes 1806 as the date of the
" Sammlung " ; but the real date of vol. ii. is 1824, so Godart's name has priority.
3 <J<J Petropolis ; 5 (J<J, 1 ? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 <J Rio de Janeiro (Stockhobn
University Expedition 1867, ex Felder coll.) ; 4 <JcJ ? (Felder coll.) ; 2 cJcJ, 1
? ? ; 2 (J<J Sta Catharina ; 1 cJ Brazil.
12 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1910.
[Castnia (Athis) menetriesi Boisd.
Castnia menetriesi Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lipid. Hit. p. 511 (1874) (Brazil).
Messrs. Houlbert and Obcrthiir consider this insect as a distinct species,
but if one examines the drawing even superficially it becomes at once apparent
that it is in reality only an extreme form of hegemon. My hegemon variegata
described above stands exactly intermediate between hegemon and menetriesi
in regard to the amount of black on the outer one-third of hindwing ; while on
the underside of fore wing the black markings are much more developed in mene-
triesi than in either hegemon or h. variegata ; menetriesi must therefore stand as
hegemon menetriesi. It probably came from the extreme south of Brazil.]
Castnia (Athis) fabricii boisduvalii Walk.
Castnia boisduvalii Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mils, part i. p. 27 (1854) (Brazil).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir declare that only males of this species are
known. They also appear to have had very few specimens for examination,
4 in the collection of M. Charles Oberthiir and 2 in the Paris Museum. The Tring
Museum possesses 2& 3o and 1 ?. The ? is exactly like the 2? of papaguya
Westw., but the forewings are much darker, almost as dark as in S hoisduvalii.
5 (JcJ Sao Paulo, 2,500—2,700 ft., February 1910; 2 So Sta Catharma ;
6 <J<J, 1 $ Theresopolis, Sta Catharina, 800—1,000 ft., November 1904— February
1905 (J. Michaelis) ; 8 <?<? ? ; 2 <J(J ? (ex Berlin Museum, ex coll. Felder) ; 2 33
Petropolis ; 1 3 Blumenau.
Castnia (Athis) fabricii papagaya Westw.
Castnia papagaya Westwood, Trans. Linn. Sue. Land. 1877. p. 170. pi. xxx. fig. 6 (Papagaya).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir treat this as a distinct species, but it is
only a larger and brighter race of boisduvalii. The Tring Museum has 11
specimens :
4 33, 7 ?? Rio Grande do Sul.
[Castnia (Athis) fabricii Swains.
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir regard this insect, known to us only by
Swainson's figure, as a distinct species. To my mind it is nothing but a female
of a form of boisduvalii closely allied to 6. jKipagaija. the black markings of the
hindwings being reduced still more. This is the reason I have used this name
for the species.]
Castnia (Athis) orestes Walk.
Castnia orestes Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. part i. p. 26 (1854) (Brazil).
The Tring Museum possesses 1 6 specimens of this species :
2 <?<?, 1 ? Petropolis ; 4 cJ(J, 2 ?? Nova Friburgo ; 2 <?<?, 1 ? ? (ex coll.
Felder) ; o 33 Brazil ; 1 <J ?.
Castnia (Athis) orestes leopoldina Strand
Castnia orestes leopoldina Strand, in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde, vol. vi. p. 9 (1913) (Leopoldina).
1 3 Leopoldina, Espiritu Santo, Brazil.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 13
Castnia (Elina) icarus (Cram.)
Papilio icarus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. part ii. p. 26. pi. xviii. £f. A.B. (1775) (Surinam).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir place in the icarus section of their genus
Elina 6 species and one variety. Mr. Talbot (see postea, p. 30) lumps all these,
with the exception of juturna, as aberrations of icarus. In my opinion both
these points of view are wrong and I consider we have only one species of the
icarus group with 5 subspecies; the most southern of which, icarus endelechia
Druce, appears in 4 forms or aberrations.
As a rule the typical form icarus icarus is considerably larger than the 4
other subspecies.
The Tring Museum has 19 specimens of icarus ircarus:
1 o' Surinam (ex coll. Van Lennep, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 (J, 1 ? Rio Demerara,
British Guiana ; 1 S Mouth of Kouron River, Cayenne, September 1905 (E.
Le Moult) ; 1 ? Gourdonville, Kouron River, November 1905 (E. Le Moult) ;
1 ? Onaca, Sta Marta, 2,000 ft. (Engelke) ; 1 <J Ciudad Bolivar, June 1891 ;
1 ? La Vuelta, Caura River, April 1904 (S. M. Klages) ; 6 <J<J, 2 ?? Suapure,
Venezuela, March 1899 (S. M. Klages) : 1 ,^, 2 ?? Cayenne.
Castnia (Elina) icarus penelope Schauf.
Castnia penelope Schaufuss, Xunquam Otiosus, p. 9. pi. 1 (1870) (Brazil).
The Tring Museum possesses 2 <J (J and 2 ?$ which agree exactly with Schau-
fuss's description ; and 2 (J<J almost identical with i. endelechia Druce, but with
more black on hindwing : ab. endelechiodes ab. nov.
1 tJ, 1 ? Amazon (Bates, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 o Upper Amazon ; 1 J Nivac,
Matto Grosso ; 2 (J<J Nivac, Matto Grosso. ab. endelechiodes ab. nov.
Castnia (Elina) icarus endelechia Druce
Castnia endelechia Druce, P.Z.S. 1893, p. 280 (Corrientes Argentina).
This subspecies is more variable than the others ; but the aberrations
appear to be rare, the 3 named aberrations being represented in collections by
6 specimens only, viz. 4 ab. icaroides, 1 ab. jordani, and 1 ab. -paraguayensis.
The Tring Museum possesses 15 specimens of i. endelechia and its aberra-
tions.
8 (J(J, 2 $? Sapucay, nr. Villa Rica, Paraguay, November — December 1902 —
1904 (W. Foster) ; 2 <J<J ? ; \ 6 Paraguay.
ab. icaroides Houlb.
1 (J Sapucay, nr. Villa Rica, Paraguay, November — December 1904 (W.
Foster) ; 1 ? Rio Bermejo, Chaco, Argentina, December 1903 (Jose Steinbach).
ab. jcyrdani Houlb.
1 (J Sapucay, nr. Villa Rica, Paraguay, November — December 1904 (W.
Foster).
[ab. paraguayensis Strand
The Tring Museum does not possess this aberration.]
14 NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919.
[Castnia (Elina) icarus invaria Walk.
Caslnia invaria Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. part i. p. 23 (1854) (Rio Janeiro).
No specimen in the Tring Museum.]
[Castnia (Elina) icarus jutuma HopfE.
Castnia juturna Hopffer, Neue od. wenig hekannte Sdimett. part ii. p. 6. pi. iv. fig. 3 (1856) (Brazil).
There are no specimens at Tring.]
Castnia (Elina) eudesmia Gray
Castnia eudesmia G. R. Gray, Trans. Entom. Soc. Land. 1838. p. 145.
The aberration chilena Houlb. has the abdominal margin of hindwings
orange-yellow, but all intermediates occur.
The Tring Museum possesses 1 6 specimens and 3 cocoons :
4 (J;?, 6 ??, 3 cocoons, Valparaiso, Chili (Maxwell Stuart) ; 2 <J(J Chili
(Germain, ex coll. Felder, fig. in Seitz) ; 3 (J,J, 1 $ ?.
Castnia (Ceretes) marcel-serresi Godt.
Castnia marcel-sems Godart, Encijcl. Milhod. vol. is. p. 800 (1824) (Brazil).
I propose the name ab. nigrita for two specimens <? ? from Matto Grosso.
The <J is much blacker, almost sooty black instead of amber brown, while the
? has the stigmatic blotch of the forewings much heavier and the black mark-
ings on hindwings much broader and heavier. The Tring Museum has 35
specimens :
3 (?<?, 1 9 ? (ex coll. Felder) ; 4 (J<J, 4 ?? ? ; 3 <J(J Province Rio ; 2 $?Rio
de Janeiro ; 2 cJ(J, 1 ? Matto Grosso (Zobrys & Wolter) ; 1 (J, 1 $ Matto Grosso
(Zobrys & Wolter) (ab. nigrita $ type) ; 3 (J<J, 1 ? Sta Catharina ; 1 <J Paraguay ;
3 <?<J Buenavista, East BoUvia, 750 m. = 2,437 ft., August 1906— April 1907
(Jose Steinbach) ; 3 (J(J, 1 ? San Jacintho Valley, Theophilo Ottoni Minas
Geraes, 1907—1908 (F. Birch) ; 1 ? TheresopoHs, Sta Catharina, November 1904
—February 1905, 800—1,000 ft. (J. Michaelis).
Castnia (Ceretes) thais (Drury)
Papilio thais Drurv) III. Xat. Hist. vol. iii. p. 20. pi. xvi. fig. 4 (1782) (Brazil).
I agree with Mr. Talbot that fftais var. gracillima Houlb. is only a small
aberration.
The Tring Museum has 31 specimens.
7 (J<J, 6 ?? ? ; 2 <J<J, 1 ? ? (ex Felder coll.) ; 2 <J<J, 1 ? Brazil ; 1 <?, 1 ?
Petropolis ; 2 <J(J Province Rio ; 1 (J, 1 ? Rio de Janeiro ; 3 (J(J San Jacintho
Valley, Theophila Ottoni, Minas Geraes, 1907—1908 (F. Birch) ; 1 ? Brazil,
1 (J, 1 ? ? (? Brazil ex Felder coll.) (ab. gracillima).
[Castnia (Sympalamides) mimon Hiibn. and allied forms.
Mr. Talbot expresses the opinion (postea, p. 31) that this section of
Hiibner's genus Sympalamides is aU referable to one species, and that, contrary
to the opinions of Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir, the name for the species is
phalaris Fabr. Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir consider the description of
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 15
phalaris Fabr. to be drawn up from a bad figure of a Nymphalid to which has
been affixed the head of an Agaristid, but I cannot agree to this. I will take
an opportunity of inspecting the Jones drawings and collection from which
Fabricius described phalaris, as soon as the war work of the owner permits, and
try and puzzle out the truth ; but meanwhile, lack of suflScient material pre-
vents me from giving a definite opinion as to whether these forms consist of
one or several species. For the present I enumerate them imder mygdon Dalm.
as forms of one species, not defining their exact status.*]
[Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon Dalm.
Castniz mygdon Dalman, Vit. Hardb. Art. Holm. 1824. p. 403. no. 13. pi. i. fig. 2 (Brazil).
No specimens at Tring.]
[Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, sora Druce
Caetnia sora Druce, Ann. JIag. Sat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1890) (Paraguay).
No specimens at Tring.]
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form. ?
This race is similar to sora Druce, but much smaller and the orange spots
on the hindwings also smaller.
5 cj^ Sao Paulo.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form. ?
Similar to sora Druce, but spots on hindwings deep buff.
1 cJ ? ; 1 cJ Rio de Janeiro ; 1 cj Nova Friburgo.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, mimon (Hiibn.).
Sympalamides mimon Hiibner, Saviml. Exot. Schmett. vol. ii. pi. 142. ff. 1, 2 (1822 — 1824).
Tring Museum possesses 20 specimens :
1 <J Rio de Janeiro ; 3 <JcJ Province Rio ; 4 c?(? Tijuco ; 3 <?<?, 3 ?? 1 ;
1 ? Amazon, Bates ; 3 <J(J Surinam (Klinkenberg, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 (J Brazil ;
1 <J South America.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, lombardi (Houlb.).
Sympalamides lombardi Houlbert, Etud. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xv. p. 383. fig. 130 bis (1918)
(Parana). ^
There are 9 specimens at Tring :
1 (J, 1 ? Sta Catharina ; 1 (J, 4 ?? Theresopolis, Sta Catharina, 800—1,000 ft.,
November 1904— February 1905 (J. Michaelis) ; 1 <? South America ; 1 $ Brazil.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form. ?
<J. As large as the largest (J mimon but much paler, hindwings as in whitest
? lombardi.
2 cJcJ ? ; 1 <J Tijuco.
* I have carefully examined, by the courtesy of Dr. Drewitt, the Jones drawings ; Donovan's
figure is a caricature, and the Jones drawing is a good figure of Castnia invaria Walk., which must
stand as phalaris Fabr.
16 NovrrATES Zoologicae XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, albofasciata Schauf.
Castnia albofasciata Schaufuss, Nunquam Otiosvs, vol. i. p. 10 (1870) (Brazil).
The Tring Museum possesses 7 specimens of this form described from a
? ; the o was described by Boisduval under the name of argns.
2 SS, 1 ? ? (ex BerUn Museum), 1 § Surinam (Klinkenberg) (ex coll.
Felder) ; 1 <J, 1 ? ?.
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, rubrophalaris Houlb.
Castnia rubrophalaris Houlbert, Etiid. Lipid. Cotnp. fasc. xiii. p. 69 (1917) (Bahia).
1 (J Sapucaj', Paraguay, November 1903 (W. Foster) ; 1 <J Paraguay.
[Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, subvaria Walk.
Castnia sulvaria Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. part. i. p. 25 (1854) (Rio de Janeiro).
No specimen at Tring.]
Castnia (Sympalamides) mygdon form, dionaea Hopff.
Castnia diunaea Hopffcr, Neue od. wen. bek. Schmett. part. ii. p. 8. pi. v. fig. 3 (1856) (Brazil).
1 <??.
For another form of mygdon, cf. postea, p. 32.
Castnia (Sympalamides) chelone Hopff.
Castnia chdone Hopffer, Nene od. urn. bek. Schmett. part ii. pi. iv. ff. 1, 2 (1856) (Mexico).
Of this extremely rare and very remarkable species there are a (J and 2 at
Tring.
1 <J ? (ex Mus. Berlin, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 $ Rio Balzas to Ignala, 1,100 —
480—800 m. = 3,575—1,560—2,600 ft., August 1904 (Dr. Gadow).
Castnia (Ypanema) hiibner Boisd in Latr.
Castnia hiibner, Boisduval in Latreille in Cuvier, R^ne Anim. vol. iii. p. 439. pi. 20. f. 2 (1830).
Dr. Strand has described an aberration with the median band of white
spots and the submarginal band of orange-yellow patches on liindwing much
reduced as ab. indecora. Li the Tring Museum is an aberration with the whole
hindwing orange, only a patch of black surrounding the median band of white
spots ; this I name ab. flavidior ab. nov. There are 8 specimens in the Tring
Museum :
1 5, 3 $0 Matto Grosso (Zobrys and Wolter) ; 2 cJ(J ? (1 ex Mus. Berlin, both
ex coU. Felder) ; 1 ? Nivac, Matto Grosso (ab. indecora Strand) ; 1 ? ? (ex coll.
Felder) (ab. flavidior type).
[Castnia (Ypanema) urugnayana Burm.
Not in Tring Museum.]
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 17
Castnia (Ypanema) uruguayana cinerascens (Houlb.)
Ypanema uruguayana var. cinerascens Houlbert, Elud. Lepid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 79 (1917)
(Banda Oriental).
2 <?<?, 1 $ ?.
[Castnia (Ypanema) strigata Walk.
Caslnia strigata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. part. i. p. 30 (1854) (Pemambuco).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir make the statement in common with many
other aiithors that godarti of Menetries is the same as strigata of Walker. This
is the more astounding because they have separated as good and distinct species
many much closer allied forms, such as licus, licoides, and licoidella. Anyone
comparing Menetries' figure with that of Butler of the type of Walker's strigata
will perceive at once great differences ; in the drawing of Menetries the median
longitudinal band is almost parallel to the streak in the cell and quite straight,
while in Butler's plate it is almost S shape ; then in godarti there are a series of
4 white patches above vein 1 , whereas in strigata there are only 2 ; on the hind-
wings the median band in strigata consists of small linear or irregular white
spots, whereas in godarti these spots are large quadrate patches. In fact, except
for the presence of the white streak in the cell and the slight break between the
longitudinal and the oblique transverse white bands on the forewing, Butler's
figure agrees almost exactly with Strand's decussata fulvipyga. It is true that
the figure of godarti appears to be that of a ?, while that of strigata is of a 3, but
in decussata, the nearest allied species, the sexes only differ in the size of the
white markings, not in their number or shape.
There are no specimens of this form at Tring.]
Castnia (Ypanema) godarti Menetries
Castnia godarti Menetries, Descr. Nouv. Esp. Lepid. Mus. Petr. part iii. p. 130. no. 1462. pi. xi. fig
4 (1863) (Diaraantina, Brazil).
Of this form there are two specimens at Tring agreeing in all respects with
Menetries' figure except that the white longitudinal band on forewing below
median vein reaches base of wing. As these are both (J<J it more than proves
my contention that godarti is not the ? of strigata.
1 o PetropoHs ; 1 cJ Interior of Brazil (ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Ypanema) decussata Godt.
Castnia decussata Godart, Encycl. Method, vol. i.x. p. 799 (1824) (Brazil).
Of this species the Tring Museum possesses 23 specimens, one of which
has the ground-colour metallic plum purple instead of metallic oil green ; I
propose to call this ab. pupnrascens ab. nov.
4 <J(J, 1 $ Theresopolis, Sta Catharina, 800—1,000 ft., November 1904—
February 1905 (J. Michaelis) ; 4 <J<J, 1 ? Sta Catharina ; 1 ? Brazil ; 1 <?, 1 ?
Rio de Janeiro (ex coll. Felder) ; 1 S Brazil ; 1 S South America ; 1 cJ, 3 ?? ? ;
1 (J, 2 $? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ? Brazil (ex coll. Felder) (type of ab. purpurascens).
2
18 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Ypanema) decussata fulvipyga Strand
Caslnia decussata form, julvi^iyga Strand, in Seitz, Grususrhmell. Erde, vol. vi. p. 12 (1913) (Brazil).
This may eventually prove a distinct species. The single $ at Tring agrees
with Strand's description in having the fulvous spot at tornus and the pure white
three-fifths of underside of liindwing. In addition it differs in the band of hind-
wing above reaching tornus and not as in d. decvssata stopping short at vein 2,
i.e. it consists of 8 spots instead of 5, each spot bordered with orange instead of
being pure white ; the submarginal row is distinct and strongly marked, con-
sisting of 6 orange spots with whitish centres to last 2, whereas in d. decussata
this submarginal row consists of 3 almost obsolete whitish spots. Below on the
forewing it lacks the rufous band below median vein on fore\\ing of d. decussata,
and on hindwing the median band is much wider and pure white edged distally
with orange, not pale lavender. Expanse : 87 mm. 1 <? ?.
Castnia (Schaefferia) amyous (Cram.).
Papilio amycus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. part xix. p. 00. pi. ccxxvii. li. D.E. (1779) (Berbice).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir wish to restrict the name amycus to speci-
mens from the Guianas. I am of opinion that amycus must include all the
Brazilian specimens down to Rio de Janeiro ; in Sta Catharina we first find
such constant differences that we can set up a local race.
The Truig Museum contains 5 specimens of true amycus, 2 of which have
so much reduction in the red markings that I propose to call them ab. reducta
ab. nov.
1 (J Interior of Brazil (Schott, ex Vienna Museum, ex coll. Felder) ; 1 $
Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ? ? ; 2 JcJ ? (type of ab. reducta).
Castnia (SchaeSeiia) amycus alboinsignita Strand
Castnia amycus form, alboitisignila Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 13. pi. 5 d (1913)
(South America).
This form seems prettj' constant in Sta Catharina and varies only in the
amount of red on hindwing, which, however, is always less than in a. amycus.
There are in the Tring Museum 11 specimens, of which 7 &xe amycus alboinsignita ,
3 are ab. trislicula Strand, and I is ab. meditrina HopSer :
2 (J(J, 1 9 TheresopoUs, Sta Catharina, 800—1,000 ft., November 1904—
February 1905 (J. Michaelis) ; 3 SS Sta Catharma ; 1 <^ ? ; 2 <J<J TheresopoUs,
1 cJ Sta Catharina (ab. tristicuki) ; 1 <J Theresopolis (ab. meditrina).
Castnia (Schaefferia) subcoerulea sp. nov.
?. Antennae black, distal half of club rufous brown ; head, thorax, and
abdomen deep black, anal tuft rufous orange. Forewing deep black, a post-
median white oblique band from costa to just before termen below vein 2, a
white oblique subapical band from costa to vein 6. Hindwing deep black, a
large median bandlike patch of pale silvery blue on the edge of which and joined
to it ;ir.' two white patches on each side of vein 5 ; 2 white patches also, separated
from it, on each side of vein 3.
Length of forewing : 31 mm. Expanse : 69 mm.
Habitat. Ecuador, 1 $.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 19
[Castnia (Aciloa) inca Walk.
Castnia inca Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. part. i. p. 24. no. 22.
There are no specimens from either Honduras or Venezuela in the Tring
Museum, so I cannot judge if the differences between inca and clitarchus are
individual, racial, or specific ; so I must leave the question to be settled later.]
Castnia (Aciloa) inca orizabensis Strand
Castnia ditarcha form, orizabensis Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmetl. Erde, vol. vi. p. 11. pi. 8 «. (1913;.
The figure in Seitz taken from the type at Tring is much too dark. This
is the same insect as Monsieur Houlbert's var. mexicana, and therefore Strand's
name has priority. The majority of Mexican ?? are much darker than the one
mentioned by Walker, and 2 of my 33 also, but 2 agree fuUy with Herrich-
SchaefiFer's figure.
3 cJ(J, 1 ? Orizaba, Mexico ($ type) ; 1 <? Tuxpan, Vera Cruz ; 2 ?? Cordoba,
Mexico (Bilimet, ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Acilia) clitarcha Westw.
Castnia ditarcha Westvfood, Trans. Linn. Soc. Land. (2) i. p. 170. pi. 31. fig. 1 (1S77) (Panama).
Should all this group turn out to be one single species inca, and not two,
it remains to be found out whether we have to deal with a number of local races
or only one polymorphic race all over its range. In any case, Strand is wrong
in naming the Honduras form, which is typical inca of Walker by subsequent
designation of Butler. There are at Tring 9 specimens :
1 (J South America ! ! ? ; 2 $$ ? ; 2 (J^ Presidio, Vulcan de Chiriqui ; I <J
Juan Vinas, Costa Rica (W. Schaus) ; 1 cJ Vera Paz, Guatemala (0. Salvin, ex
coll. Felder) ; 2 $? Vulcan de Chirique, 5—9,000 ft. (Watson).
Castnia (Aciloa) rutila Feld.
Castnia rutila Felder, Seise Novara, Lipid, iv. pi. 79. f. 1 (1874) (Ega, Amazons).
The Tring Museum has 4 specimens :
1 ? Ega, Amazons (Bates, ex coll. Felder) (type) ; 1 3 Rio Demerara, British
Guiana ; 1 2 Christianeburg, Rio Demerara ; 1 ? Amazons (Bates, ex coll.
Felder) ; (ab. rutiloides).
Monsieur Houlbert gave the name rutiloides to Preiss's figure of rutila from
Iqnitos, believing it to be a geographical race, but Mr. Bates's 2nd ? from the
Amazons is practically identical with Preiss's figure and thus proves it to be
only an aberration.
Castnia (Aciloa) palatinus (Cram.).
Papilio palatimis Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. part .xiv. p. 98. pi. clix. ff. B.C. (1777) (Surinam).
We have 10 specimens at Tring:
2 cJ<J Rio Demerara, British Guiana ; 1 <J, 1 ? Bartica, British Guiana ,
1 $ British Guiana ; 2 <?<?, 1 ? St. Laurent de Maroni, Cayenne, August 1905
(E. Le Moult) ; 1 $ Surinam (ex coll. Felder) ; 1 ? Trinidad.
20 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Aciloa) superba Strand
Castnia superba Strand, in Seitz, Grosaschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 11. pi. 5 a (1913) {Chanchamayo),
1 ? La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3,100 ft., October 1904 (G.
Ockenden).
[Castnia (Imara) pallasia Esch.
Castnia pallasia Eschscholtz, Eolzeb. Beise, vol. iii. p. 27. pi. 6. f. 27 (1821) (Brazil).
There are no specimens of this species at Tring.]
Castnia (Imaia) pallasia lativittata Strand.
Castnia pallasia form. Intivittnta Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 10. pi. 4 h (1913)
(Brazil).
Dr. Strand in Seitz has named the figure of Preiss of hrecourti ? as
nmbratvla, while Monsieur Houlbert figures a specimen agreeing almost exactly
with it as var. nigrescens. The Tring Museum has i specimens of this insect,
which is only the melanic aberration of 'pallasia lativittata Strand.
The Tring Museum has 1 8 specimens of this form :
3 (J<J, 1 ? Theresopolis, Sta Catharina, 800—1,000 ft., November 1904—
February 1905 (J. MichaeUs) ; 1 ? Sta Catharina ; 2 <?<? ? ; 2 ?? Rio de Janeiro,
1 (J, 1 ? Rio de Janeiro 1867, 1 ? ? (ex coU. Kader) (ex coll. Felder) ; 1 o' Tijuco ;
2 tJcJ, 2 ?$ Sta Catharina (ab. umbratula).
[Castnia (Imara) satrapes Kollar
Castnia satrapes Kollar, Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 216. pi. 12. fig. 3 (1839) (Matto Grosso).
The description of the type distinctly states the hindwings to be yellowish
red. There is no specimen of this form at Tring.]
Castnia (Imara) satrapes catharina Preiss
Castnia satrapes var. catharina Preiss, Xe>'e dk Selt. Art. Cast. p. 7. pis. 1. fig. 1. and 4. fig. 3 (1899)
(Rio Grande do Sul).
The $ of this form generally has the liindvvings darker yellow than the <?<?,
though I -S I have shows distinctly darker hindwings than the rest. Contrary
to the statement of Dr. Strand my $ has hardly any red on the hindwings above,
while aJl my 5 (JcJ have distinct red bands, so that the loss of red is not a sexual
character but purely individual.
2 cJ<? ? ; 3 5 (J, 1 9 Rio Grande do Sul.
Castnia ( Spilopastes) galinthias Hopff.
Castnia galinthias Hopffer, Neue od. wen. bek. Schmett. p. 7. pi. iv. fig. 4 (1856).
2 <J(J Petropolis ; 2 33 Brazil.
Castnia (Prometheus) cochrus (Fabr.).
Papilio cochrus Fabricius, MarU. Ins. part ii. p. 25. no. 263 (1787).
E. Strand sets up a number of aberrations, founding them on the number
of white submarginal spots in the hindwing, taking those with 4 as typical.
Among the 1 5 specimens at Tring are several with no white spots = depunctata
Strand, several with 1 spot = casmilus Hiibn., several with 2 spots = bipunctata
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVT. 1919. 21
Strand, 1 with 3 spots = tripunctata Strand, and lastly one with 5 spots, but
not one with i spots. The naming of aberrations on such sUght ground appears
to me to be useless, especially as from the large series in the Adams collection,
those at Tring and many other collections, the specimens with 1, 2, 3 or more
spots appear to occur in almost equal numbers. The ab. comhijmta is more
distinct owing to the reduced median white band on hind wing.
3 <J(J, 2 ?? Brazil (1 ex coll. Felder) ; 1 ? South America ; 1 ? Lapa, Brazil
(5 submarginal spots) \ i SS Province Rio ; 1 <? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 <? Interior
of Brazil (ex Vienna Mus. ex coll. Felder) ; 1 (J, 1 $ ab. combinata Strand,
(J Brazil, ? Parte Allegro, Brazil ; 1 $ Rio Grande do Sul.
Castnia (Prometheus) garbei Foett.
Castnia garbei Foetterle, Rev. Mus. Paul. vol. v. p. 639. pi. xvi. fig. 6 (1902) (Rio Grande do Sul).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir had never seen this species, but Mr. Talbot
records (see antea) Q SS and 3 ?? in the Joicey collection and also some in the
Adams collection.
We have 5 at Tring :
3 (JcJ, 2 ?? Rio Grande do Sul.
Castnia (Prometheus) houlberti sp. nov.
It is most extraordinary that 3 such closely allied species as cochriis, garbei,
and houlberti should occur in Southern Brazil.
Differs from both cochrus and garbei in the forewmg being deep black ; a
broad obUque transverse band slightly paler, more sooty and less densely scaled,
down the centre of which runs an intense black line. In cochrus this line is inside
the pale band and in garbei outside the pale band. A complete row of white
submarginal spots on hindwing as in garbei and the central band as in cochrus
ab. combinata. Eggs like grains of wheat.
1 ? Rio de Janeiro (Arp coll.).
Castnia (Orthia) therapon Koll.
Castnia therapon KoUar, Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 218. pi. xiii. fig. 3 (1839) (Rio de Janeiro).
1 ^ Rio de Janeiro ; 1 <? 1 (ex Berlin Mus. ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Cyanostola) diva Butl.
Castnia diva Butler, Lepid. Exot. p. 46. pi. xvii. ff. 1, 2 (1869—1874) (Chontales).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir rightly separate tricolor Feld. from diva
Butl., but I think no one else can possibly consider it more than a snbspecies,
while they accord it full specific rank. Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir have
taken Dr. Strand's maculifera to be the race from Chiriqui, while they say they
do not know his Chiriquensis. Dr. Strand's figure of maculifera shows the red
margins broken into spots like Monsieur Oberthiir's Chiriqui o, but 1 have 2 (J (J
from Chiriqui with the band entire though suffused with dark scales. It is there-
fore evident that specimens with broken red bands occur in both Central
American races, while we can only guess that it may be the same in d. tricolor,
for only 1 (J is as yet on record of that race.
The Tring Museum has 9 diva diva :
1 <J, 1 $ Carillo, Costa Rica, May— July 1903 (Underwood) ; 1 ? Guatemala
(Salvin, ex coU. Felder) ; 2 o" J ? ; 4 <J<J, 1 Carillo, 3 Esperanza, May (W. Schaus).
22- NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Cyanostola) diva chiriciuensis Strand
Castnia diva chiriquensia Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. 6. p. 13 (1913) (Chiriqui).
2 ^(J Bogava, Chiriqui, 800 ft. (Watson).
Castnia (Cyanostola) diva tricolor Feld.
Castnia triculor Felder, Rcise Novara, Lipid, iv. pi. 79. f. 3 (1874) (Bogota).
The Tring Museum has 9 specimens including the "type," all ?$:
4 $? Bogota ; 1 ? Bogota (Lindig. ex coll. Felder) (type) ; 4 ?? ?.
Castnia (Haemonides) cronis (Cram.)
Papilio cronis Cramer, Pap. Exol. vol. ii. part xt. p. 125. pi. clxxviii. fig. A (1777) (Surinam).
Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir maintain that Cramer's figure is all that is
luiown of true cronis and all other black and white Castnias of the genus
Haemonides Hiibner are distinct species. There are so few of these handsome
insects available for examination that I should not like to express a definite
opinion on the subject, but at all events the Tring Museum possesses 2 (J (J of the
true cronis :
1 <J St. Paulo de 01iven9a, Upper Amazons, August 1906 (M. de Mathan) ;
1 (J Cacuta, Venezuela.
Castnia (Haemonides) cronis comingii H. Edwds.
Castnia corningii Henry Edwards, Insect Life, vol. iii. p. 316. fig. 29 (1891) (Oaxaca, Mexico).
This form is at once recognisable by its dark buff hindwings.
1 cJ?.
Castnia (Haemonides) strandi Houlb.
Castnia strandi Houlbert, Etud. Lipid. Comp. fasc. xiii. p. 75 (1917) (Cayenne).
I am keeping this separate as a species for the present on account of the
heavy black bar on the hindwmgs below, which is entirely absent both in my
two cronis and my soUtary corningii.
1 (J St. Laurent de Maroni, Cayenne, July 1905 (Le Moult) ; 1 ? Amazon
(Bates, ex coll. Felder).
Castnia (Haemonides) cronida Herr.-Schaeff.
Castnia cronida Herrich-Schaeffer, Satnml. ausscur. Schmett. p. 56. pi. 57. fig. 142 (1850— 1S69).
This fine species appears to be exceedingly rare.
1 6 Arouany, July 10th, 1881.
Castnia (Herrichia) aeraeoides Gray.
Castnia aeraeoides G. R. Gray, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd. v. pi. 53. fig. 4 (1832) (BrazU).
Tring Museum possesses 10 specimens :
2 <J(J Petropolis ; 1 $ Rio de Janeiro ; 2 ?? ? ; 3 <?<?, 1 $ ? (ex coll. Felder) ;
I ? labelled " ex larva, Dez. 1892 " and cocoon and pupa case ; this specimen
differs much from the remaining 9 ; the forewings are more uniform, the light
markings being very much reduced ; the hindwings are duller in colour, and
their black margin becomes very narrow below vein 5.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 23
[Castnia (Jephrostola) gramivora Schaus.
There are uniortunately no Sao Paulo specimens of gramivora at Tring
for comparison, but there are 8 from Castro, Parana, collected by Mr. E. Duckin-
field Jones, who took Mr. Schaus's type. I must at once say that I do not imder-
stand how the entirely erroneous figure in Seitz was produced ; Strand
described his gramivora parana from my smallest specimen, so either the figure
is an utter travesty or, what is so often the case. Dr. Seitz, without consulting
the author, used a totally different insect for his plate. All my 8 specimens dis-
tinctly show the large brown patch starting from the costa and alnxst dividing
the large diaphanous space in two; they also have the " secondaries " (hindwings)
and their large submarginal spots much more rufous than in Mr. Oberthiir's
figure of Houlbert's feneslrata. I therefore am convinced that all 3 forma
gramivora, -parana, and fenestrata are only aberrations of one. insect, gramivora
Schaus.]
Castnia (Tephrostola) gramivora Schaus.
Castnia gramivora Schaus, Journ. New York Entom, Soc. vol. iv. no. 4. p. 147 (189G) (Sao Paulo).
I consider that the only difference between Strand's parana and Schaus's
gramivora is that the basal area of hindwings and their submarginal spots
appear more rufous. This I consider merely aberrational. As regards size my
8 ?? vary much as follows :
Length of forewing : 25 mm. — 32 mm. Expanse : 54 mm. to 81 mm.
The specimen measuring 54 mm. in expaiirse is the "type" of Strand's
parana and which he says expands 45 mm. This is due to faulty measurement.
As I have proved by repeating this method, Strand must simply have placed
the specimen against a rule and taken the breadth between the points of the
wings ; this is bound to be wrong, as no two specimens are ever set with their
wings at absolutely the same angle. I take my measurements with a pair of
compasses from the thorax to the end of wing, then again with the compasses
take the width of thorax ; this by adding the width of thorax to the length
of both forewings gives the exact expanse of the insect. A more rough-and-
ready way of arriving at an almost equally accurate result is to measure from
the pin to apex of one forewing and then double the resulting figures. This
is the method employed by Sir George Hampson and is fairly accurate if the
pin is properly in or about the centre of the thorax. It will be seen that my
largest $ is the same size as the Schaus " type."
8 ?? Castro, Parana, February 1897 (E. D. Jones).
Castnia (Xanthospila) mimica Feld.
Castnia mimica Felder, Reise Novara, pi. 79. fig. 7 (1874) (Ega).
The Tring Museum possesses two specimens of this remarkable species:
1 (J Ega, Amazons (Bates, ex coll. Felder) (type) ; 1 6 JeSe, Amazons,
November 1907 (M. de Mathan).
Castnia (Enicospila) marcns Jord.
Castnia marcus Jordan, Novit. Zool. vol. xv p. 2.53 (1908) (Pebas).
This remarkable species has up to now remained imique.
1 $ Pebas, Amazons, November 1906 (M. de Mathan).
24 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Castnia (Cabirns) linus (Cram.)
Papilio linus Cramer, Pap. Exut. vol. iii. part xxii. p. 111. pi. cclvii. fig. A (1779) (Surinam).
Of this form we have at Tring 3 specimens :
2 S3 Surinam (ex coll. Van Lennep, ex coll. Fclder) (Cramer's cotypes
probably) ; 1 (J ?.
Monsieur Houlbert has united to liniis linus specimens from French Guiana,
the Amazons, and even Matto Grosso. I find that not only is this incorrect,
but that even French Guiana specimens of which I have 6, and British Guiana
ones of which I have 2, show important differences. All these 8 specimens
differ from my 3 Surinam specimens in two important points, (1) the basal one-
fourth of forewing and the yellow semivitreous median band are much lighter, less
suffused with dark scales, and (2) in Surinam specimens the 2 first spots of the
submarginal line of spots on the hindwing only are large and elongate, the rest
are small ; in the British and French Guiana specimens there is an extra spot
nearer costa, and of the rest 4 are very large and elongated, while the rest are
minute and semi-obsolete. I therefore describe them as follows :
Castnia (Cabirus) linus omissus subsp. nov.
Differs from linus linus on forewing by the basal area and median band of
forewings being lighter, brighter and less suffused with black scales, and in the
submarginal row of spots having an extra subapical one, while of the rest 4 as
opposed to 2 are very large and elongate, being also larger than in linus linus.
4 (J(J, 2 ?? Gourdonville, Kouron River, French Guiana, September 1905
(E. Le Moult) ; 1 ^, 1 $ British Guiana.
Castnia (Cabirus) linus obidonus subsp. nov.
This is distinguished from I. omissus and I. heliconoides by its great size,
especially in the $, and in the submarginal spots on the hindwing, which are
very large and have the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th very large and oblong, while the
3rd is small ; and also by the very wide black outer portion of wing in which
these spots stand.
Length of forewing : ? 56 mm. Expanse : 121 mm.
1 (J, 1 $ Amazon (Bates, ex coll. Felder) ; 2 (JJ, 1 $ Obidos, August 1906
(W. Hoffmanns) (? tjpe).
Castnia (Cabirus) linus subsp. ?
The Tring Museum possesses 1 cj, 1 $ of a form of linus which differs from
obidonus in several particulars, but the material is insufficient for a proper
diagnosis, especially as the localities appear incorrect.
1 (J labelled Honduras ; I ? labelled Bolivia (bought of Watkins and Don-
caster).
Castnia (Cabirus) linus micha Druce
Catnia micha Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1896) (Paraguay).
1 (J Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 m. = 2,438 ft., August 1906— April 1907
(Jose Steinbach) ; 1 ? Sta Cruz de la Sierra, E. Bolivia, 1905—1906 (Jose
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXVI. 1910. 25
Steinbach), these two = ab. micliana Strand ; 2 SS, 2 $? Sapucay nr. Villa
Rica, Paraguay, November — December 1902 — 1903 (W. Foster).
[Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir place linoides Strand in the genus Cahirvs
Hiibn. ; it is, however, a true Gazena.'\
Castnia (Boisduvalia) pellonia songata Strand
Castnia pellonia songata Strand, in Seitz, Orossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 13. jil. 8 h (1913) (Songo,
Bolivia).
? 1 Rio Songo, Bolivia, 1,100 m. = 3,575 ft., March— June 1896 (Garlepp)
(type).
Castnia (Boisduvalia) pellonia punctimareo subsp. nov.
Differs from f. pellonia in that the submarginal rufous band on hind\ving
is broken up into spots and from p. strandi in that the black patch between vein
2 and inner margin on forewing is much larger and oblique, not longitudinal,
and on the liindwing in there being 6 spots instead of 2.
1 ? Columbia.
Castnia (Boisduvalia) melanolimbata Strand
Castnia melanolimbata Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 15. pi. 8 e (1913) (Peru).
1 (J Pozuzo, Department Huanaco, Peru (W. Hoffmanns).
Castnia (BoisduvaUa) amazonica Strand
Castnia amazonica Strand, in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 15. pi. 7 h (1913) (Pebas).
1 ,J, 1 ? Pebas Amazons, December 1906 (M. de Mathan).
Castnia (Boisduvalia) melessus Druce
Castnia melessus Druce, Entom. Month. Mag. vol. xxvi. p. 70 (1890) (Upper Amazons).
1 (J Pebas, Amazons, November 1906 (M. de Mathan) ; 1 ? Iquitos
(Michaelis) ; 1 $ Iquitos 1893 (Maxwell Stuart) ; 1 ? Rio Cachyaco, Iquitos,
1893 (Maxwell Stuart).
Castnia (Boisduvalia) melessus columbiana subsp. nov.
Differs from m. melessus in the much narrower black band on hindwing
below costa, and in the narrower postmedian obUque line on forewing.
1 (J, 1 ? Bogota.
Castnia (Boisduvalia) tarapotensis Preiss
Castnia taropotensis Preiss, Neue <£• Sell. Art. (.'astnia, p. 10. pis. vi. fig. 5 and vii. fig. 11 (1899)
(Tarapoto, Peru).
1 ? Amazons ; 1 $ Rio Cachyaco, Iquitos, 1893 (Maxwell Stuart).
Castnia (Gazera) zagraea Feld.
Castnia zagraea Felder, Raise Novara Lipid, iv. pi. lx.Kix. f. 2 (1875) (Panama).
■ 1 cj, 1 ? Chiriqui ; 2 tJ<J Bogava, Chiriqui, 800 ft. (Watson) ; 1 <J " S.
America " ! ? ; 1 ? Panama (ex. coll Felder) (type).
26 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1910.
Castnia (Gazera) zagraea subsp. ?
There is a small $ of this species at Tring without locality and with the
abdomen almost destroyed which differs in the band of the hindwings and in the
oblique postmedian bar on forewings, but the material is too poor to warrant
describing.
1 $ ?.
Castnia (Gazera) habneli Preiss
Castnia hahneli Preiss, Xeue <t Sell. Art. Castnia, p. 10. pis. Ti. fig. 2 and vii. fig. 5 (1899) (Valera,
Venezuela).
The single specimen at Tring agrees perfectly with Preiss's figure and is
undoubtedly a <J.
1 (J Cucuta, Venezuela.
Castnia (Gazera) daguana Preiss
Castnia daguana Preiss, Xeue and Sdl. Art. Cast7iia, p. 10. pis. vi. fig. 6 and vii. fig. 6 (1899) (Rio
Dagua, Columbia).
2 ?$ Zamora, Ecuador, 3—4,000 ft. (0. T. Baron).
Castnia (Gazera) carilla Schaus
Castnia carilla Schaus, Ann. Mag. yat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 192 (1911) (Carillo, Costa Rica).
1 ? Carillo, Costa Rica, May (W. Schaus).
Castnia (Gazera) cycna form, minor Westw.
Castnia cycna form, minor Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. Land. (2) i. p. 191 (1877) (Columbia).
The forms cyciia Westw. and modificala Strand are not represented at Tring.
1 <J, 1 ? Bogota ; 2 (J(J Sta Fe de Bogota ; 1 ? Muzo, Columbia ; 1 <J ? ; 1 9
Columbia.
Castnia (Gazera) linoides Strand
Castnia linoides Strand, in Seitz, GrossschmeU. Erde, vol. vi. p. 14. pi. 8 b (1913) (Paramba).
This is only a white-coloured Gazera.
2 ?? Paramba, Ecuador, 3,500 ft., March 1897 (Rosenberg) (type).
Castnia (Nasca) pelasgus (Cram.)
Papilio pelasgus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. part xvii. p. 16. pi. ccii. fig. D (1779) (Surinam),
Messrs. Houlbert & Oberthiir treat pelasgus and unijasciaia Felder as
distinct species, while they describe a third form from the Upper and Peruvian
Amazons as fulvofasciata. The Tring Museum possesses 1 pelasgus and 1 unv-
fasciata (type), and whereas it would require a long series from all localities of
aU these 3 forms to ascertain definitely their exact status, I shall treat them
for the present as distinct.
1 ? S. America (ex Meyer coll.) (original of figure in Seitz).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 27
Castnia (Nasca) unifasciata Feld.
Castnia unijasriata Felder, Reise \omra. Lipid, iv. Erklar. Taf. p. 3. pi. Ixxix. fig. 5 (1875)
(Amazons).
In the Erkldrungen der Tafeln, p. 3, it is stated that this insect was from
the Amazons, collection Bates. There is, however, no indication whatever of
this on the specimen for the characteristic Felder locality label, a small circular
disc of blue paper, only has " Type '" on it ; this, however, is not of much conse-
quence, because Felder was, judging from the specimens at Tring, very careless
about labels. The specimen in addition to this blue disc has the full Type label
in red ink of all the No vara types.
1 ? Amazons (Bates, ex coll. Felder) (type).
Of the genus Westwoodia Houlb. (nom. praeocc.) no specimens exist at
Tring. Mr. Talbot has explained (postea, p. 430) that pelopia is an Erj-cinid
and not a Castniid. Probably Houlbert's pelopioides also is only an aberrant
erycina, though we have so many closely allied but distinct Castnias occurring
in one and the same district that the fact of both erycina and pelopioides
occurring in Ecuador is not necessarily a proof of their identitj'.
It may strike the readers of this article that I have throughout put Castnia
in front of my species names, and the Houlbert-Oberthiir generic names in
brackets. This must not be taken to mean that I consider that all the Cast'
niinae belong to the smgle genus Castnia, but only that I am not yet satisfied
as to the number of genera or their exact limits. At any rate I am not yet
satisfied that Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir's genera nor the limits of their
genera are the final and correct ones. I must, however, associate myself \vith
all Mr. Talbot has said in the article here following as to the great advance in
our knowledge brought about by the monograph we both have here discussed,
and to the immense service Messrs. Houlbert and Oberthiir have rendered to
Entomology by their great work. According to the figures given by Monsieur
Houlbert in the monograph, Mr. Oberthiir's collection contains 374 specimens
of 104 forms of Castniinae, while the Tring Museum possesses 919 specimens
of 117 forms.
The British Museum possesses in the general collection 260 specimens of
70 forms, and in the Adams collection 132 specimens of 28 forms, or altogether
392 specimens of 76 forms. According to Mr. Houlbert the Paris Museum
possesses 165 specimens of 55 forms and the Oxford Museum contains 176
specimens of 54 forms. Mr. Joicey's collection at Witley has 709 specimens
of 97 forms.
28 XOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
EEVIEW OF A MONOGRAPH OP THE " CASTNIINAE." *
By GEORGE TALBOT.
MONSIEUR CHARLES OBERTHtin and Monsieur C. Houlbert, Professor
to the University of Rennes, are to be congratulated on the publica-
tion of an important monograph on the moths of the family C'astniidae. The
sub-family Castnihuie, which is wholly American, is alone dealt with, but it is
hoped that Monsieur Houlbert will be able to give us at some future date further
studies on the rest of the family.
The author was fortunate in having plenty of material at his disposal,
because the Castniids are not common in collections, and many species are very
rare. Besides the material provided by the Oberthiir collection, containing
types of Boisduval and Guenee, there was placed at his disposal the rich collec-
tion of the Paris Museum, which included the types of Godart.
The work is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Boisduval, and comprises
730 pages of text, besides 16 pages of introduction. There are numerous text-
figures, including a large number of excellent photographs. The plates in
colour, for which the Etudes have been always famous, are not to be surpassed
and are wonderfully delineated by Monsieur Jules Culot ; there are 26 of
them, showing 70 figures. AU the known species are figured with a few excep-
tions, these being in the case of some very rare forms not known to the author
in nature.
The first chapter deals with the anatomical characters used in the classifica-
tion ; the second with the early stages ; the third with previous systems of
classification of the family ; the fourth with the systematic arrangement adopted
by the author, an analytical key to the tribes and genera being given.
The second part of the work deals with the description of every knowTi
species, and the third part with their phylogeny and distribution.
A systematic catalogue with synonymy is given at the end, but we wish
that the synonymy had been more complete, many references in the text not
being included here, whilst many others are omitted altogether.
We have spent a portion of our leave from military duties in examining
certain portions of Monsieur Houlbert's work, especially with a view to throwing
more light on some species described by Druee. Mr. J. J. Joicey kindly gave
us facilities for comparing specimens and types of Druce's species in his Lepi-
dopterological Museum at Witley, where assistance was also rendered by Mr.
L. B. Prout, who is acting as curator in our absence.
We wiU first deal with the Druce species :
1. Corybantes dolopia Druce (p. 186).
The type is a $, and there is a second 9 in the collection without locality.
After careful comparison of these with the description and excellent figure of
fusca Houlb. {p. 184), we conclude that fxisca is the S of dolopia and must there-
* Rivinon munographique de la Soua-FamilU des Castniinae, par C. Houlbert. {Oberthiir, Etudet
dt Lip. Comp., faac. iv. Mars 1918.)
NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 29
fore sink. In the absence of a figure of dolopia we think it useful to amend
Druce's description as follows :
Female. — Head, collar, tegulae, thorax and base of the abdomen dark
brown ; abdomen black ; antennae black, the tips pale brown. Primaries dark
brown glossed with green ; a large greyish-brown spot at the end of the cell,
beyond which the wing is crossed from near the apex by a series of dull greyish-
brown spots, those nearest the apex very indistinct and merged with a large
patch between veins 6 and 9, which is joined to two well-defined spots in cellules
4 and 5 ; below these two larger spots in 2 and 3 ; the spots are edged \\ ith
black ; below the spots on the inner margin are two lunular black marks.
Secondaries velvety blackish-brown, the base shot with bluish- green ; a row
of 6 white spots crosses the wing from near the anal angle, the anterior spot in
cellule 5 indistinct. The underside of both wings pale brown, with all the spots
much more distinct, and all edged with black ; some blackish-brown scaling at
the anal angle.
2. Sympalamides sera Druce (p. 394).
We compared the type of this species with the figure and description of
ruhrophalaris Houlb. (p. 387) and there is no doubt as to their identity. Houl-
bert's name must therefore sink. He expressed the opinion that sora was
probably the ? of mygdon Dahn. The type is a <? and we regard it as a red
form of rnirnon Hiibn. The variation exhibited in 4 tJc? of sora in the Joicey
collection is the same as seen in (Jo of mimon.
3. Aciloa staudingeri Druce (p. 459).
Although A. palatinoides Houlb. (p. 458) presents a close resemblance to
■staudingeri we cannot say that it is the (J of Druce's species. The tj^pe of Druce
is in the Staudinger collection, but a specimen bearing the same data exists in
the Joicey collection. In this specimen the brown discal spots on the underside
of the hindwing are placed more as in jmlatiriKS and form a less oblique line
than in the figured jialatirwide-s . On the forewing below, the black costal spot
is much broader distaUy, as in palatimis. On the forewing above are two white
spots, and the three lower submarginal spots are nearer the post-discal line.
On the hindwing above, the costal area is more broadly orange, the four
anterior black spots separated, the whole band being farther from the margin
and leaving in cellule 1" two yellow submarginal spots instead of the two white
dots enclosed by black as seen in •palatinoides. The abdomen is pale yellow,
but in the figure of Houlbert's species it is white.
We judge therefore that in staudingeri we have a race, equally with pala-
tinoides, of palatinus.
We note in passing that Aciloa palatinoides is headed as being a ? in both
the original description and the present transcription, whereas it is defined in the
description as being a <J in each case.
4. Orthia amalthaea Druce (p. 508).
This is a very distinct species and appears more nearly allied to iherapon
than to any other form.
We can add to Druce's description that the submarginal black spots on the
hindwing are irregular in shape, are slightly separated at veins 2 and 4, and
bear irregular white centres in cellules T, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
30 NovrrATES Zoolooicae XXVI. 1919.
5. Cabirus micha Druce (p. 576).
This more nearly resembles heliconioides H.-S. The hyaline areas are much
enlarged, especially the apical patch on the forewing. It can only be considered
as a race and not as a distinct species. Cabirus dodona Druce represents another
race similar to heliconioides.
6. Boisduvalia melessus Druce (p. 599).
The type is a <J from Iquitos. A second S is in the Joicey collection, bear-
ing the label " Amazons, ex Staudinger."
! 7. Westwoodia pelopia Druce (p. 656).
Tiiis species bears such a striking resemblance to eryciiia Westw. that
Druce failed to examine it more closely.
The type is imique and upon examining it for the first time we found it
to be a butterfly belonging to the family Erycinidae. We have referred it to the
genus Xena/idra on account of its neuration and general appearance.
The extraordinary likeness of this species (imique among the Erycinidae)
to Castnia erycina Westw. ( = pelopioides Houlb.) led Houlbert to suppose that
it might prove to be the $ of his species.
The figure of erycina in P.Z.S. 1881, pi. xii. fig. 4, gives a wrong impression
of the forewing in showing a red band ; this is an exaggeration of the metallic
gloss, the wing bemg without markings.
Apparently only four specimens of erycina are known. Besides the type
in the Hope Museum, which has been kindly examined by Professor Poulton,
two cj J are in the Joicey collection {ex. Druce), and were collected by Buckley
at Chiguinda in Ecuador. As the Godman and Salvin moths passed into the
possession of Druce, these specimens are undoubtedly paratypes. Oberthiir's
type of pelopioides is clearly identical.
It is to be expected that a form of Castnia resembling erycina will one day
be found in Colombia in association with the Erycinid pelopia.
We will now proceed to discuss some other species concerning the treatment
of which we beg to differ from Monsieur Houlbert. We take them in the order
in which they ocoir in the monograph.
1. Elina icarus Cram. (p. 326).
Dr. Jordan, in Novitate.s Zoologicae 1906, pi. x., figures four forms of
Castnia under the name of icarus Cram., all from Paraguay, and considered by
him to belong to one variable species.
Now Houlbert professes to have discovered three species among the four
figured by Jordan ; one he calls icaroides Houlb., one jordani Houlb., and the
other icarus Cram. The two former forms are separated by Houlbert from
icarus by the absence of the sub-apical white band on the forewing above. We
have examined a series of 39 icarus in the Joicey collection. The sub-apical
band is variable, and although it is not entirely absent in any one specimen,
yet it becomes indistinct in some individuals. The pattern on both wings is
subject to some variation, and one specimen from Venezuela closely approaches
jordani in the white markings of the huidwing ; no character appears constant.
Noni'ATEs ZooLooicAE XXVI. 1919. 31
We observe, however, in the excellent figures of icaroides and jordani that these
agree in the continuity of the distal edge of the red ground which in all typical
icariis is broken up into spots. This character is not specially mentioned by
Houlbert. We are inclined to regard these forms as well-marked aberrations
in which there is an increase of red coloration combined with white, forming a
transition to endelcchia Druce.
The forms in question are very rare ; of icaroides only a pair seem to be
known and of jordani probably only the one specimen figured in Novitates
ZoOLOGiCAK. With such scanty material it is unsafe to draw conclusions as
to specific distinctions in relation to a variable species, and under these circum-
stances we must accept the more obvious view that we have to do with one
variable species.
Monsieur Houlbert refers to ''''jordani var. endelechia Druce" when of
course it should be endelechia var. jordani Houlb.
Until much more material is available for study, we must regard endelechia
as a form (possibly a race) of icarus, whilst icaroides and jordani may be treated
as aberrations more clearly defined than the other and smaller variations of a
variable species.
2. Ceretes thais var. gracillima subsp. nov. (p. 366).
This appears to us to represent an aberration only, a similar form wdth
sUghtly increased black markings on the hindwing being represented in the
Joicey collection. As gracillima comes from Rio de Janeiro, and most of the
known thais are from Brazil without precise localitj', we cannot regard gracillima
as being a local race in the absence of more strictly localized material.
3. Sympalamides phalaris Fabr. (p. 373).
We have gone carefuUy into the question raised as to the identity of this
form, and discussed by both Messieurs Houlbert and Oberthiir on pages 373-
379!
It is true perhaps, that at first sight one would not suppose that Donovan's
figure of phalaris represented a Castnia. We have searched for something
resembling it among other groups of Lepidoptera v^ith negative results, and,
as Monsieur Houlbert points out, literature does not contain any other similar
figure. The only insect which we find to possess a forewmg underside like the
figured pJialaris is the Castnia mimon Hiibn. We find, too, that the markings
of the hindwing below are also very similar to the scheme of Castnia. The fore-
wing above is said by Fabricius to be immaculate, and we suspect that certain
obscure spots were exaggerated by Jones, whose drawing Donovan reproduces.
These spots occupy the same position as the dark areas in mimon, and as these
areas sometimes include some pale scaling, it is conceivable that such pale
scaling could be enlarged. It is equally conceivable that these two spots may
represent anterior parts of the pale bands as seen in mimon. On the hindwing
one can trace a considerable likeness of the white markings to those of mimon
and subvaria, the latter appearing to exhibit a transition between it and phalaris.
Regarded in this Light Donovan's figure becomes perfectly intelligible, and
iintil much stronger proof can be adduced to the contrary we see no reason for
sinking Fabricius' name phalaris. We feel therefore justified in assuming that
32 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
the figure is that of a Castnia, but a rare form at present unknown in nature
to Lepidopterists, and most likely an aberration.
Although Monsieur Houlbert separates mimon Hubn. from subvaria Walk.,
placing them in two different .sections, their general facies is so similar that it
seems reasonable to suppose that they represent forms of one variable species.
Where orange forms are found we can very well have a yellow one. We submit
then, from these considerations, that whilst the name mimon Hiibn. ( = phalaris
Godt.) stands, the name phalaris Fabr. must also stand for the form figured by
Donovan.
Further, it seems highly probable that phalaris Fabr. is a species comprising
the forms phalaris Fabr., mimon Hiibn., lombardi Le Cerf, mygdon Dalm., argus
Bdv., subvaria Walk., dionaea Hopff., albofasciata Schauf., and sora Druce.
The albofasciata Schauf. must certainly be a $ form of phalaris. The 5
appears to vary in tlie amount of orange-red on the liindwing. There may be
none at all, or yeUowisli ^^hite edging to the white spots, merging into orange-
red in other examples.
Another $ form of the phalaris group is represented by a specimen in the
Joicey collection without locality. It is of striking coloration, with the darker
ground-colour of sora stiU more increased especially on the hindwing, and with
intensified white bands on the fore^^■ing.
We propose the name signata for this form, and Mi. L. B. Prout has kindly
appended a more detailed description.
4. Prometheus garbei Foett. (p. 491).
It may be interesting to record that specimens of this species exist in the
Adams collection in the British Museum. There are also 6 <Jo and 3 $? in the
Joicey collection from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
5. Tephrostola fenestrata Houlb. (p. 560).
The figure does not differ at all from some of the specimens of gramivora
in the Joicey collection from Castro, Parana, and we rau.st consider it to repre-
sent, like pararta Strand, a simple aberration.
6. Cabirus peruviana Strand (p. 575).
The author is imable to confirm the identity of this form. There are two
females in the Joicey collection, one from Chanchamaj'o, and one from San
Joas, Solimoes Riv. These are easily distinguished from the other races by
their larger size, greatly enlarged hyaline areas, and by the very sparse dark
scaling on the veins of the discal area of the hindwing.
It is interesting to note that the forms of this group of Gastnia exhibit the
same development of pattern as do the Ithomiine Rhopalocera with which
they are doubtless associated.
7. Boisduvalia amazonica Strand (p. 598).
There is a (J of this species in the Joicey collection which bears the locality
of "S. Paulo, Amazons, ex Stgr."
NOVITATBS ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 33
8. Boisduvalia personata Wlk. (p. 608).
Mr. L. B. Prout has examined the type of this species at the British Museum
and there is no doubt that Houlbert has placed the species in its right position.
9. Erythrocastnia sypbax Fabr. and Amanta angusta Druce
are both placed as synonyms by Houlbert in conformity with Monsieur Ober-
thiir's well-known dictum.
If Fabricius neglected to figure syphax there is no reason why it should
be sunk under harmodius Cram., who figured it first. The same applies to
angusta Druce.
In this connection we would call attention to Monsieur Oberthiir's remarks
at the bottom of page 370. He argues that if the type is lost the species must
be referred to the category of the ignota. Now many practical entomologists
will contend that most species can be identified by their descriptions, more
especially if the correct habitat is given. A figure must only be a subsidiary aid
to identification. A good figure must not only show form and pattern, but
also all anatomical details, and this is absent in nearly all representations of
Lepidoptera. A rule laid down for Lepidoptera must obviously be applicable
to other animal forms as well as to plants. Would botanists and bacteriologists
prefer good figures of plants and bacteria to proper descriptions of them ? The
answer would be in the negative. Some species of insects, proved to be quite
distinct, so closely resemble others that without a complete description the species
could not be recognized, and as in these cases it is the description which gives
us the clue to identification, the figure must remain of secondary importance.
Monsieur Houlbert divides the Castniinae into 33 genera, of which 21 are
regarded as new. These genera comprise 179 forms, of which 39 are new, but
of these there are 4 names which we have a,lready submitted should be sunk
as synonyms.
We also find that the names given to some of the new genera are pre-
occupied. These are Boisduvalia, preoccupied Desv. in Diptera (1830) ; Elina,
preoccupied Blanch, in Saiyridae (1852); Xanihospila, preoccupied Fairmaire
in Coleoptera (1884) ; Westwoodia preoccupied Brulle in Hymenoptera (1864)
and several times since ; Cabirus Hiibn.
The genus Cabirus Hiibn. was a composite one, comprising linus (a Castnia)
and julettus (a Hesperid). Scudder in 1875 rejected linus and made julettus the
type, and this has since been accepted by aU writers on the Hesperidae. In the
Castniinae this name now stands as Cabirus Houlb. nee Hiibn. As linus Cram.
is the oldest name for the group we must use the generic name Gazera Boisd.,
which that author undoubtedly created for linus Cram.
The group included by Houlbert imder Gazera is represented by zagraea
Feld. as the oldest species, and for this the generic name of Doubledaya was
proposed by Buchecker, Syst. Ent. Castn., t. 23 (1880 ?). This name wiU there-
fore stand, providing the genus is sufficiently charactered.
The spUtting up of the Castniinae into several genera, some of which only
lay claim to generic distinction by reason of their scheme of pattern and by
quite small differences in the shape of the pulvillus and paronychium, seems to
us to be of doubtful value. This is more so in the absence of any comparative
study of the genitaha of these groups.
3
34 NOVITATBS ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
It is clear, however, that some of these genera will stand, since not only
does the pulvillus show in these a weU-marked difference in structure, but it is
associated with a different neuration.
If our time had perforce not been occupied with the more practical side of
entomology connected with War Service we should have Hked to go more fully
into the question of the genera of Castniinae. One test only were we able to
make. Upon examining the unique specimen of lanra Druce, it struck us that
this probably did not belong to the licus group, but might perhaps be more
suitably placed with evaltke. We therefore made preparations of the tarsus
of the three species. To our surprise, we found that the pulviUus of liens was
of the same form as that of evalthe, whilst laura differed distinctly from these.
The pulvillus of laura is similar to the figured licoides, but licus itself is
different, the base being straight as in evalthe. The pulvillus of evalthe is similar
to the figured evalthonida, but the anterior margin is not evenly rounded, there
being a depression at either end ; the base, too, is not rounded but straight.
It seems likely that evalthe and evalthonida are good species, and although
in the same genus it is worthy of note that they differ in the form of the pul-
viUus. Let it be noted also that licus, although placed in a different genus, more
closely resembles evalthe in the form of the pulvillus, whilst it differs from licoides
already associated with it.
It appears therefore that m the Castniinae the form of the pulviUus is not
a good character on which to found genera. The author, however, whilst ad-
mitting it as a character for most genera, regards pattern as of primary impor-
tance. We regret he has very Uttle to say doncerning neuration and the struc-
ture of the genitalia in diagnosing his genera. Without these essentials we are
disposed to think that the creation of genera on pattern alone, combined perhaps
with some slight difference in the form of the pulviUus, is to be deprecated.
The genera Spilojxtstes, Xanthospila, and Enicospila are foimded on pattern
alone.
The genus Coryhantes is curiously constituted as compared with other
genera. It is not homogeneous from the point of view of pattern, and contains
two types of pulviUus. A comparison of pylades with dolopia exliibits not only
a difference in the scheme of pattern but also in neuration.
This monograph is the most exhaustive and elaborate yet given to the
entomological world on the Castniinae, and materiaUy advances our knowledge
of this most interesting group of moths. The errors of previous authors are
discussed and rectified, and some advance is made in grouping the various species,
partly by a study of the morphology of the last segment of the tarsus.
There must be a much larger amount of properly locaUzed material avail-
able for study before we can hope to arrive at definite conclusions as to the
affinities of the various species and the real significance of their marked differ-
ences in pattern.
At Mr. Talbot's request, the foUowing fuUer description of the new Castnia
has been prepared.
Castnia (Sympalamides) signata Talbot & Prout sp. nov. {phalaris form ?).
?. Very distinct from any known form, especiaUy in presence of the longi-
tudinal dark band on the forewing above. May be recognized by a comparison
NovirATES ZooLoaicAE XXVI. 1919. 35
with argus Bdv. figured by Houlbert, pi. cdxlvii. fig. 3,801. Antenna much
lighter, more yellowish.
Forewing darker, less brown, mixed — especially in anterior and posterior
regions and near termen — with slaty-grey scales ; markings blacker ; discal
band somewhat broader (except at costa) , more evenly margined, ending at fold
about 2 mm. from termen, broadly confluent with a longitudinal band which
runs inward, tapering behind cell nearly to base ; a narrow white band proximal
to the dark transverse band between SC' and M."-, the pale area distally to the
dark band likewise mostly white ; subapical patch larger than in argus, its
proximal edge less deeply sinuate ; dark distal border very narrow, of equal
width throughout. Hindioing predominantly black (browner in abdominal
region) ; proximal orange spot and the two yellow spots which succeed it re-
placed by a band of three elongate, confluent orange spots between R' and M' ;
the white, orange-edged spots somewhat further from termen, mostly rather
elongate, that between R' and M' wanting ; curved tornal mark shorter ; sub-
marginal orange spots separate posteriorly, large between R' and M', obsolete
anteriorly to R' ; fringe white in distal half. Forewing beneath with proximal
area almost black, the yellow bands and posterior spot almost white, the first
one narrow ; distal border blacldsh, narrowly edged with white against the
white band. Hind wing beneath largely blackened, becoming browner at
abdominal margin, apex and termen ; two elongate white spots in middle be-
tween the radials ; the spots distal hereto likewise white, the two between M'
and SM* large, the curved subtornal short and mixed with orange ; orange sub-
marginal spots nearly as above.
Patria ? Type in coU. Joicey, labelled albofasciata, which — according to
Schaufuss' short description — cannot be correct.
Length of forewing : 41 mm.
Louis B. Pkout.
36 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 191 ft.
MOEE NOTES ON THE CRESTED LARKS OF THE
NILE VALLEY.
By dr. ERNST HARTERT.
BEING exeeedinglj' busy at present, I very much di.slike answering articles
in which attempts are made to correct my views on certain questions,
and prefer to trust to the future which will vindicate me or prove that I erred ,
but I cannot help replying to NicoU's letter on Crested Larks of the Nile Valley
in Ibis, 1918, pp. 741-3, which is a reply to my notes on the same subject in
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, 1917, pp. 439-41.
Nicoll evidently dislikes to alter the conclusions to which he came before.
Nobody, however, can work without ever making mistakes, and should be
broad-minded enough to accept alterations of one's own views or correct them
oneself if one finds them out to be erroneous. This latter is what I have done
in 1917, and Nicoll should not call what I have done "transferring " the name
altiroslris, because I have now not transferred it, but only applied it correctly.
I have misled Nicoll in accepting the name altirostris for the bird inhabiting the
Nile VaUey from Cairo (and on poorer soil north to Damietfa), to at least Assuan
(Aswan). AU he knew about this name was what I had written about it, and
he agreed with that, because he was misled by my having labelled a Kom Ombos
specimen as the type ; before I unearthed the name altirostris and others it had
been entirely forgotten, since the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vol. xiii. made no mention
of it. In my notes in Novttates Zoologicae, 1917, I tried to prove that I had
been wrong, and as Nicoll now disagrees with me, I must do so again.
The reasons for my stating that the Akasheh specimen is the type cf
altirostris, and not the one from Kom Ombos (or Kom Ombo), are several.
First of all the description of G. c. altirostris in Naumannia, 1855, p. 209,
does not agree with the Kom Ombo bird, but wth the Akasheh ones. In the
first very short and preliminary diagnosis, Vogelfang, p. 124 (1855), is hardly
anything definite except the mention of the short, curved, and exceptionally
high beak — otherwse Brehm said it was like some German specimens which he
at the time called pagorum, and that is the whole description ! We must therefore
look for the fuller description in Naumannia, 1858. There Brehm compares it
with angustistriata, of which he says that the middle rectrices are strongly tinged
with rust -colour, while the lateral ones arc chieflj' rust -colour — in opposition to
maculata which has the middle rectrices blackish. Now this is exactly what the
Akasheh specimens show, while the one from Kom Ombos has the darker tail.
I don't think much of the shape of the bill, which varies and is not very different
in the two specimens in question. This is the most important point : the
description fits the Akasheh skins, not the Kom Ombo one !
Secondly, the labels : One of the two Akasheh skins has the name altirostris
clearly written out and unaltered. The one from Kom Ombo has it crossed out
on both sides of the label, though " underpunctuated " again on the front side,
meaning clearly that Brehm (we suppose, but do not know, that he had crossed
it out himself) was uncertain about the name.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOCICAE XXVT. 1919. 37
Thirdly, the locality : Kom Ombo (or Kom Ombos) is north of Assuan, and
the specimen is, as Nicoll quite correctly states, somewhat ochreous, but un-
doubtedly the same form as the Assuan ones, from where the type of maculata
came. On the other hand, the Akasheh birds are not like the Assuan ones, but
paler, the middle rectrices more isabelline, the lateral ones rufous isabelline with
a black wedge on the inner web only, while in all the maculata which I have seen
there is much more dark colour on the middle tail-feathers, and the outer ones
are blackish, with, generally, only the outer web isabelline, and that often not
entirely.
Nicoll is in error about the situation of Akasheh ; here again I may have
misled him. I said near Ambiikol, because A. E. Brehm, in Reiseskizzen, iii. p. 304,
mentions an Ambukol near Akasheh, but that is not the town of Ambukol south
of Dongola, for Akasheh is only 112km. south of Wadi Haifa, and the " Ambukol "
mentioned by A. E. Brehm is what maps now spell "Ambigol." Akasheh is
shown on all better maps, and Nicoll might have known it. This, however,
seems to make no difference, for Nicoll agrees with me that the bird from south
of Dongola is different from the one from Assuan, and I consider that the Akasheh
and Dongola and the Dongola-bend birds are the same. These birds, as I have
pointed out, must be called altirostris, and it was my mistake that I formerly
placed maculata as a synonym of the latter.
NicoU wishes to stick to the original locality given by Brehm, in 1855, as
" Oberagypten, selten nordlich." This statement is not confirmed by the collec-
tion, and, keeping to Brehm's expression, " Oberagypten, selten nordhch " is
actually all Nicoll has to stand on, because the description of 1858 does not agree
•mth the birds north of Assuan. As I have said, Brehm's names of localities in
Africa were sometimes vague, moreover the boundary of Egypt, as fixed by the
Firman of February 13th, 1841, just passed through Akasheh, so that the latter
might as well be called Upper Egypt as Nubia. No importance can be attached
to the words "selten nordlich," which may mean anything, either Northern
Egypt or even Europe. It is true that I omitted to quote them — miserable sinner
that I am.
Nicoll wants to use Bianchi's name nubica for this form, but that name has
no standing. Bianchi, in Bull. Acad, de St. Petersbourg, xxv. p. 69, 1906, says :
" 1 17. G. cristata nubica Bianchi, ex Hartert, 1904, I.e. p. 234. Galerida
cristata, subsp. ?, Hartert, 1904, Vog. paladrkt. Fawn. i. p. 234 (Abyssinische
Kiistenlander).
Icones.
Nidif.
Nubia from Dongola to the Abyssinian coast."
Thus Bianchi merely gave a name to the birds which I mentioned under
No. 376, pp. 234, 235. It is a very bad practice to give a new name to a form
which, out of great carefulness, because he had not seen enough, or was otherwise
uncertain, an author left unnamed, considering that the question was not settled ;
if it ia done, however, such name is technically valid, but in this case Bianchi's
name is practically a nomen nudum, as I had not given a diagnosis or differ-
entiating description. I said that the Abyssinian coast-countries, perhaps even
both sides of the Red Sea, were inhabited by a pale middle-sized Crested Lark,
which did not seem to differ from brachyura, further that the birds from the
38
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
Dongola-bend of the Nile seemed to me to be the same, but that, before a
decision was arrived at, better series, specially of fresh autumn birds, should
be examined, as I had only, at the time, worn spring birds. I now consider
that the Dongola birds are the same as the Akasheh ones, i.e. allirostris, while
those from the Abyssinian coast are different and have been named G. cristata
eritreae (Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsber. 1910, p. 59). Should the Dongola birds differ
again from the Akasheh ones (possibly a larger series might show them to be
paler again, but this I cannot now decide, as I have only autumn birds of the
one, spring ones of the other locahty, but I believe they are identical), a new
name must be given to the former.
NicoU is convinced that his moeriiica, collected about 50 km. from the Nile,
is separable from the birds of the Nile Valley at the same latitude. Of course
the Fayoum is very peculiar and has, as shown by Nicoll, who made a collection
of birds there, several different, most interesting forms, but other species arc
quite the same, and the distance — ^probably actually much less than really
50 km., because Crested Larks probably occur between the places where Nicoll
collected and the Nile — is so small that even local birds like Larks may well
be the same in both places. I have found isolated colonies of Gahrida theklae
deichleri in the Western Sahara at places that were quite and even more than
50 km. apart. According to Nicoll, moeriiica differs from the form of the opposite
Nile Valley by having longer wings, "and in a large series generally having
whiter underparts and smaller, more clear-cut spots on the jugulum."
Now the supposed longer wings of " moeriiica " are not a fact, at least two
males from the Fayoum, collected by Messrs. Nicoll & Bonhote, have the wings
102 and 106 (barely), while others from the Nile Valley have wings of 102-7 mm. —
i.e. exactly the same ; even if Nicoll's larger series happens to show a slight
greater average of length in wings of Fayoum birds, that would not be enough
for separation, as it might be individual, accidental ; such very slight (supposed)
differences in the length of wing as might possibly exist in Nicoll's series become
only worth considering if they are confirmed by a very large scries. The smaller,
" more clear-cut spots " are not in the least noticeable in the two Fayoum birds,
compared with over a dozen Nile Valley ones. Remains the more whitish under-
side : this I remember was apparent in some, but not all, of Nicoll's little series
which I saw when he and Bonhote described moeritica, but it seems to me
insignificant, as of the two now before me only one shows it, and that can be
matched by Nile Valley birds. In Larks, where the underside is often more or
less soiled with the dust of the ground, this is altogether a very unsatisfactory
character, and if it is the only one is not a good subspecific one. I therefore
believe that in the end my uniting of moeriiica -wWh maculata v>'\\\ be approved
of by unbiased brother ornithologists.
It is perhaps good that Nicoll wrote that letter to the Ihis, if only that it
induced me to make my own views clearer and more expUcit. In difficult genera
like Gahrida finality and consent can only be reached very gradually, by studying
and discussing over and over again the various forms and questions. The status
of the genus Galerida has altered more than perhaps any other within the last
30 years. In 1890 appeared Sharpe's account of it in vol. xiii. of the Catalogue
of Birds. It is clear from the lengthy notes on pp. 625, 626, that Sharpe was
considerably puzzled, and, though he might have separated more forms than he
did, if he had had more regard to geographical separation, he could not possibly
NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919. 39
have come to a fully satisfactory conclusion with the material before him. About
the same time I began to take special interest in Larks, and the unsatisfactory
state of the genus in the Catalogue of Birds led me to make my notes in Novitatbs
ZoOLOGicAE, 1897, pp. 142-7. Thus I broke the spell, which, as in other cases,
a great leading work had cast over the group. While Sharpe had recognized four
species, Galerida cristata, theklae, malabarica, and isabdlina — though not one of
the birds he called theklae was a real theklae, and most of his isabellina belonged
to other forms — ^I acknowledged two species, G. cristata and deva (Sharpe's
Spizalauda deva), the former with 18 subspecies. This was a considerable
advance, though some of my conclusions were utterly wrong.
The next step, and doubtless the greatest ever made in the study of Crested
Larks, was Erlanger's review of the Tunisian forms in Journ. f. Orn. 1899, pp. 324-
52. Erlanger had the enviable opportunity to travel through the greater part
of Tunisia, and to observe and collect Crested Larks wherever he v.ent. He was
the first modern ornithologist who, apparently in collaboration witli Kleinschmidt
and Hilgert, clearly recognized that G. theklae was not a subspecies, but that
in many parts of Northern Africa a form of cristata and one of theklae Uved
together, that both were therefore species, each with a number of subspecies.
Erlanger also described biological differences, and so did I from my first journeys
in Algeria with Lord Rothschild, but these conclusions do not hold good, the
only difference which is a fact being that G. cristata is chiefly a bird of the plains,
while some (not aU) forms of theklae range high up in the mountains — in many
places, however, for example in Spain, near Biskra, on the Hauts Plateaux of
Algeria, in Marocco, in Tunesia, both occur in the same places ; certain forms
inhabit only certain restricted localities, but these peculiarities do not hold good
throughout the species in all forms. Song, nests, and eggs differ sometimes,
but not equally throughout the two species.
Based on Erlanger's discoveries, Whitaker's and my own continual studies
of this group, I was able to come to a fairly correct review in Vog. pal. Fauna,
pp. 226-40 (publ. 1904), but since then Kleinschmidt and Hilgert, Loudon and
Harms, Nicoll, Neumann and others, have advanced our knowledge, while
Rothschild, Hilgert, and I collected vast series in Algeria and the Sahara. It
is there where an observant collecting ornithologist must see that two species
live together, and how they vary geographically, but also, sometimes to a
disturbing degree (specially the theklae forms), individually !
Wliile Nicoll assures us that he has studied Crested Larks in Egypt for over
eleven years, may I remind him that I have studied the Crested Larks of the
world for about twenty-eight years, and I know probably very much more about
their considerable individual variation, which Nicoll tells us (p. 743) exists, as if
it was a point missed by us. It is just the individual variation which leads me
to beUeve that " moeritica " cannot be separated from maculata, and I believe
that this view wiU be the right one in the end, though I admit that I would like
to examine again a larger series from the Fayoum.
About the distribution of maculata and nigricans nothing can be clearer than
NicoU's words in Ibis, 1914, p. 548, where he says of the former, which he called
altiroslris of course, that it " can be traced on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt
from Mariut on the west as far east as Damietta, southward on both sides of
the Nile south of Cairo to Asswan," adding : "It generally skirts the breeding
range of G. c. nigricans in the delta and keeps to the poorer soil near the
40 NovrrATEs Zoologicae XXVT. 1919.
desert edge, but in places it meets with, and possibly interbreeds with,
the latter."
There is one sentence in Nicoll's article in the Ibis, 1918, p. 742, which I
do not understand at all. He says, " Hartert, who has frequently expressed to
me personally and also done so in print, that a scientific name on a label is
unnecessary." I have surely never said such a thing, and I don't think Nicoll
means that exactly. There are perhaps not very many ornithologists who have
written more scientific names on labels than I, and for anyone using a collection
it is of the greatest value to find the correct scientific names on the labels, and
nobody has empha.sized more than I how important it is to write them on the
type specimens, and to mark the latter clearly and conspicuously, and for this
we have adopted bright-red labels, which is of the greatest convenience and
saves a lot of trouble. Probably Nicoll meant to say that I had explained to
him that names on labels, unless pubhshed in print, have no standing in nomen-
clature, or I might have said that I did not consider it of value that a collector
in the field, who has as a rule only his memory to go by, puts a name on a label,
or that it is better not to write a name on unless one has compared the specimen
in question and has made out what one believes to be the correct name, so as
to avoid alterations afterwards. — Vivat, crescat, floreat scientia Oaleridarum !
NOVTTATEa ZOOI^OOICAE XXVI. 1919.
41
FUETHER NOTES ON SOME DICRURIDAE.
By E. C. STUART BAKER, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
OicTurus annectens.
IN the Ibis, 1918, p. 226, Kloss has recently separated the Siamese form of
the Ci'ow-billed Drongo as Dicrurus annectens siamensis on account of the
alleged smallness of the bill. This diagnosis is to some extent confirmed by the
material in the British Museum, but not to the same extent by two birds collected
by Mr. E. G. Herbert.
Kloss 's birds, which include three adults and two juv., have bills which
measure 87 mm. in breadth at the nostrils, and 85 mm. in height at the chin.
There are four birds in the British Museum from Siam, and these have the bill the
same size in breadth as given by Kloss, but in depth at the chin they are just
under 10 mm., practically the same as other birds from other areas. Of Mr.
Herbert's two birds, one collected at Mi Nam Kabren, some 100 miles N.E. of
Bangkok, has a bill only 83 mm. in width, but the other from Keo Tung Song in
S.W. Siam, close to where Kloss's birds were obtained, has a biU 10 3 mm. in
breadth.
The following table gives the measurements of D. annectens over the whole
of its habitat. The width of the bill is taken at the nostrils and the depth at
the chin in the same way as taken by Kloss, a method which obviates vaiiation
due to difference in make up of skin and loss of feathers.
and
Area.
Oude, Nepal.
A33ain
Central and North
Burma
Cen. Burma and
Tennasserim .
S. Malay Pen.
Borneo
Siam .
BiU, breadth.
Bill, depth.
Wing.
So. of
spedouju.
10-1 mm. ( 9'0toll-5) 105 mm. (100 to 110) 1430 mm. (132-147)
10-Omm. ( 90toll"0) 107 mm. (100 to U'O) 138 3 mm. (132-145)
10-8 mm. (10-0 to 12-0)
irOmm. (lO'O tol2 0)
10-0 mm. ( 9'0 to 12 0)
8-5mm. ( S'Sto lO'S)
lO'Smm. (lO'OtoirO)
10-7 mm. (10-0 to U'o)
102 mm. ( 95 to II'O)
9'5mm. ( S'Sto HO)
140'0mm. (
138-5mm. (
139'1 mm. (
144*5 mm. (
131-147)
129-145)
124-147)
137-156)
12
15
5
30
9
The variation in both depth and breadth of bill is very great, but in Siamese
birds the latter dimensions are very small, in every case but one being below
the minima in other areas. It must also be noted that though they have the
smallest bill measurements the birds themselves are the largest of all. Thus,
in spite of the paucity of Siamese material, Kloss's sub-species must be maintained,
at all events until more material either confirms or disproves his diagnosis. I
therefore recognize two races of this species.
(1) Dicrurus annecteris annectens.
Buchanga annectens Hodge., Ind. Rev. L p. 326 (1837).
Type in Calcutta Museum.
Type Locality. Nepal.
Size a trifle smaller, wing averaging just over 139 mm.
broad, measuring at the nostrils about 105 mm.
bill decidedly more
42 NOVITATIIS ZOOI/OOICAE XXVI. 1919.
HMtat. The Sub-Himalayas and adjoining country of Northern India
from Nepal to extreme east and south of Assam, the whole of the tracts of lower
hills in Burma, Malay Peninsula, and Northern Siam.
(2) Dicrunis annectens siamensis.
Dicrurus annectens siamensis Kloss, Ibis, 1918. p. 226.
Type in Museum Fed. Malay States.
Type Locality. Koh Lak, S.W. Siam.
Size a trifle larger, wing averaging 144- 5 mm. ; biU decidedly less broad,
measuring only about 8' 5 mm. at the nostrils, also generally less deep and a little
shorter, but by no means constant in the two last respects.
Habitat. Central, South, and Peninsular Siam. The boundaries of this form
cannot be given at present with any degree of certainty, Gyldenstolpe did not
meet with it in North and North Central Siam.
It must be remembered that Malayan birds generally, including those from
Peninsular Burma, have bills of 11 mm. in breadth, larger than anywhere else,
although in geographical position they are nearest to Kloss's siamensis. This
is a fact that makes one doubt if, eventually, this sub-species wiU not have to be
suppressed.
Bhringa remifer.
This Drongo follows the universal, or almost universal, rule in Indian and
Burmese birds and becomes somewhat smaller and smaller as one follows it
through from north to south. The diminution in size is not, however, quite so
marked as it is in many other instances, whilst, on the other hand, the extent
of over-lapping is even greater. This is shown in the following table :
Area. Wing, e^remes. Average. ""vl'^S^
(1) Nepal to Sikkim . . . 132'0 to 146'0 mm.
(2) Assam to Manipur . . . ISl'O to 143'0 mm.
(3) Upper Chin and Shan Hills . . 133'0 to U2-0 mm.
(4) Central and South Burma . 129'0 to 137*0 mm.
(5) Java 1300 to 1370 ram.
(6) Sumatra 1280 to 132-0 mm.
(7) Mt. of Perak and Pahang . . 127'0 to 134-0 mm.
As regards division by size it is only the first four of these areas which need
consideration, as birds from ( 5) and ( 6) are easily separable on account of their
very small outer tail feathers, the racquets of which are smaller — both shorter
and narrower — than in birds from other parts ; whilst No. 7 is differentiated at
once from all other geographical races by the quite different formation of the tail.
After some consideration it seems advisable to retain all those birds found
in the four areas first enumerated under one and the same name. Principally
I come to this conclusion because nowhere can a line be drawn where it can be
said that the majority of birds on either side of it are larger or smaller, and no
definite area exists in which the size is in any way constant. Again, there are
no colour or structural differences which help to support the differences in average
measurements.
I therefore recognize the following three races only :
Average.
PTamin
140'Omm.
40
134-6 mm.
33
136-2 mm.
22
131 -5 mm.
23
132 -6 mm.
5
130-0 mm.
3
130-0 mm.
11
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 43
(1) Bhringa remifer remifer.
Edolius remifer Temm., PI. Col. 178 (1823).
Type Locality. Java and Sumatra.
I designate Java as the type locality.
This is a small bird with a wing averaging 131-6 mm. and varying between
128 and 137 mm. The tail is a very poor ornamental feature when compared
with those of birds from the north ; the outer tail feathers are only of 300 mm.
or under, and with small, narrow racquets seldom exceeding 50 mm. in length.
The birds in the collection of the Tring Museum confirm my diagnosis both in
this and the other races admitted by me.
Habitat. Java and Sumatra only.
(2) Bhringa remifer tectirostris.
Bhringa tectirostris Hodgs., Ind. Rev, L p. 325 (1837),
Type Locality. Eastern Nepal.
This is on an average a much larger bird than typical remifer, though in the
South of Burma the two forms are very similar in size. In every case, however,
it has a far finer tail than has the Javan and Sumatran bird. The outer
tail feathers in most cases exceed 350 mm. in length, running up to 400 mm.,
whilst the racquets are a good deal longer, generally between 70 and 90 mm.,
and, especially, a good deal wider.
The wing averages in llSbirds 136 mm., and varies between 129 and 146 mm.
Habitat. Northern India from Eastern Nepal to the whole of Burma north
of Rangoon, Chin, Kachin and Shan States, Yunnan, and Northern Siam.
(3) Bhringa remifer peracensis.
Stuart-Baker, Bull. B.O.C. xxxix. p. 18 (1918).
Type Locality. Mts. of Perak, Telom.
B. r. peracensis differs at a glance from all other races of Bhringa remifer in
having the outermost tail feathers without any broad spatulae, but with the
terminal half, or rather more, with broad webs on either side, narrowest where
they commence from the practically bare shaft, and gradually increasing until
the two form a feather about 15 mm. in width at the widest part. If the appar-
ently bare webs be examined under an ordinary magnifying glass it will be seen
that, unlike B. remifer remifer a.nd B. r. tectirostris, there are signs of feathering
everywhere except for an inch or two near the base.
In size B. r. peracensis averages in wing measurement 130 mm., and varies
between 127 mm. and 134 mm. The tails are very long, the outermost feathers
sometimes exceeding 400 mm.
Habitat. The mountains of Perak, Telom, Pahang.
It is quite probable that this form will be found to inhabit a higher range
than the more typical remifer, and may possibly extend throughout the
mountains of the Malay Peninsula, and we may expect the birds in the extreme
north and extreme south to graduate in appearance with B. r. tectirostris and
B. r. remifer respectively.
44
NOVITATES ZOOIOOICAE XXVT. 1919.
Chibia hottentotta.
The Hair-Crested Drongo is yet again one of the birds which follow the usual
rule, and birds from the south are smaller than those from the north, as shown
in the table here given.
Ares.
Wing.
Average-
BUL
Areragc.
No.of
specimftM.
North-Westjndia
169-180 mm.
175'1 mm.
27-32 0 mm.
29-5 mm.
10
Nepal, Sikkiiu, Bhutan
162-177 mm.
1687 mm.
26-3 rs mm.
293 mm.
26
Assam ....
158-175 mm.
166*3 mm.
26-3 ro mm.
28 -0 mm.
21
Burma and Siam
152-175 mm.
162 '6 mm.
25-30-5 mm.
27-6 mm.
32
Bombay and Central India
155-1 65 mm.
158"0 mm.
25-29-5 mm.
28-0 mm.
5
China ....
160- 180 mm.
168 '6 mm.
24-260 mm
253 mm.
72
The above series are those contained in the British Museum, and the measure-
ments of these 166 are confirmed by some 40 skins examined elsewhere, but the
5 Bombay and Central Indian birds and the 10 from North-West India are all
T have been able to examine from these parts, and the smallness of my material
from these places whence we have the two extremes of measurement makes me
hesitate to draw any conclusions therefrom.
At first sight it would seem impossible that the birds from these two areas
could be the same, the difference in average wing measurement being no less
than 17 mm., whilst the largest Bombay bird is 4 mm. smaller than the smallest
specimen from the North-West. If further material from these two areas confirms
the above measurements it may be desirable to divide the Indian and Burmese
birds into three forms. For the present I leave them all under the same name.
As regards the Chinese birds we do not require to rely on body measurements
to distinguish them from those farther west, the smaD biU sufficing to show at
a glance, in 9 out of 10 cases, the country from which they have come ; the
bill in Chinese birds measuring only some 25 mm. as against 29 mm. in those from
elsewhere. The measurements are taken from the anterior edge of the nostril
to the tip of the bill in a straight line, and though this makes the comparative
difference seem but small, it ensures great accuracy. For the present, and until
an examination of more specimens confirms or contradicts the measurements
given in the table above, I retain only two races.
(1) Chibia hottentotta hottentotta.
Corvus hottentottus, Linn., Sys. Nat. L p. 155 (1766).
Type Locality. Said to be Cape of Good Hope.
This locality is of course absurd, and I therefore designate Sikkim as the
type locahty.
A form varying very greatly in size ; -wing from 1 52 to 180 mm. and averaging
166-2 mm. This name may well embrace two more races when further material
is available for examination, one from North-West India and a second from
Bombay and Central India.
Its large bill, averaging about 29 mm. and varying between 26 and 29- 5 mm.
(rarely 25 mm.), suffices to distinguish it from the next sub-species -viith a bUl
of only a little over 25 mm.
Habitat. Bombay Presidency, the Himalayas from Murree to Eastern
NOVITATEe ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. 45
Assam, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Burma as far south as Tennasserim, Shan States,
Yunnan, and Northern Siam.
(2) Chibia hotientotta brevirostris.
Trichomeiopus brevirostris Cab., Mus. Heiti. L p. 112 (1851).
Type Locality. China.
About the same in size as C. h. hottentoita ; wing average, 168- 6 mm., and
running from 160 to 180 mm., but with a distinctly smaller bill, measuring on
an average only 25-3, and never exceeding 26 mm.
Habitat. South China.
46 . NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
A CLASSIFICATION OF THE AEGERIADAE OF THE ORIENTAL
AND ETHIOPIAN REGIONS.
By sir GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Bart., F.Z.S., Etc.
THE follomng classification of the Aegeriadae is intended to be supplementary
to M. Le Cerf' s excellent paper in Oberthiir's Etudes de Lepidopterologie
ConiparSe, xiv. pp. 127-388 (1917), and the extremely beautiful plates illustrating
it published by M. Ch. Oberthiir in his Fascicules, xii. and xiv. This paper is
unfortunately left very incomplete, owing to M. Le Cerf having been called up
for military service ; and as, besides the collection of the British Museum, I have
had the types at the Oxford Museum, Lord Rothschild's collection, and also
those in Mr. J. J. Joicey's and Mr. E. Meyrick's collection Idndly placed at inv
disposal for study, I have had a rather exceptional opportunity afforded me for
bringing the study up-to-date as far as the Oriental and Ethiopian regions are
concerned. The studj^ of the whole subject so as to include the faunas of the
Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions would have taken more time than
I had my disposal, but I have included all the sufficientlj- described genera in my
key, and given a list of those from outside the regions dealt with, mth the names
of the type species. I am also indebted to Mr. A. J. T. Janse of Pretoria and
Mr. H. Dollman of N. Rhodesia for the gift to the British Museum of tlie types
of some new species described in this paper, and have also availed myself of the
beautiful series of specimens bred by Mr. F. P. Dodd in Queensland in Lord
Walsingham's collection.
A t signifies that I have examined the type of the species, and an * that the
species is not in the British Museum.
fam. aegeriadae.
Proboscis fully developed or aborted and not functional ; palpi upturned,
usually more or less obUquely, and reaching to about vertex of head, often fringed
with long hair in front tow'ards base, almost always acuminate at tip and very
rarely with some spinous hair at the extremity of the joints {Echidgnathia), in
Grypopalpia with tuft of long hair from 2nd joint in front ; frons smooth, very
rarely with conical prominence (Rodolphia) ; eyes more or less elUptical and often
rather small, not hairy ; antennae pectinate with paired or uniseriatc branches,
serrate and fasciculate, fasciculate, or ciUated, the cilia often very long, or often
almost simple, the shaft in all the genera of the typical group dilated towards
extremity and ending in a small tuft of hair, but in the much smaller Bembecia
group tapering to extremity and not ending in a tuft of hair ; thorax usually
smoothly scaled ; legs with the mid and hind tibiae often tufted or fringed with
long hair and scales ; this reaches its cUmax in Melittia, where the tufts on the
tibiae and tarsi are very largely developed and the hind legs are used for paddUng
in the air when hovering before a flower, in Synanthedon, etc., the hind tarsi
have the first joint only tufted with scales, and in others the tibiae only are
fringed with hair or scales, whilst in Conopia, etc., there are slight tufts of spurious
hair at the spurs and at the tarsal joints, in Alonina the mid tibiae are spined, in
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
47
H-l
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ft
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48 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVl. 1910.
Tipiilomima, Macrotarsipus, etc., the tarsi are very long ; abdomen usually
smoothly scaled, in Oligofhlehia vAih hairy dorsal crests, in Sura, etc., with
lateral tufts of scales towards extremity, the anal tuft usually large and spreading,
but in Aegeria, etc., the abdomen tapers to a small compressed anal tuft ; in
Sannina, Episannina, etc., the abdomen ends in pencils of hair ; whilst in Alcathot
and CTyptomima there are long roughly scaled dorsal processes from above the
base of the anal tuft ; in Tipiilomima, etc., the abdomen is somewhat constricted
at base, in Vespanthedon and Similipepsis it forms a slender pedicel. Forewing
more or less narrow and elongate, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ;
veins 1 b forked towards base ; 1 c absent ; 2, 3 usually separate, but .sometimes
stalked or coincident, and in Tradescanticola veins 2, 3, 4 all coincident ; 4, 5, 6
usually well separated, in the Aegeria group veins 4, 5 curved downwards ; 7, 8
usually stalked, but sometimes coincident or separate ; 9, 10, 1 1 usuallyfrom the cell,
but in Aegerosphecia, etc., 9 is stalked with 7, 8, and in Lenyra 10 also is stalked
wth them ; whilst in Callisphecia 9is stalked with 8, and 7 from the cell, and in other
genera veins 10, 1 1 arc coincident or become coincident towards the costa. Hind-
wing with veins 1 a and b present, 1 c absent, 2 usually from well before angle of
cell ; 3 and 5 usually stalked or from a point ; but 3 in Paranthrene, etc., from
before the angle of cell ; in Melittia, etc., from nearer 2 than 5 ; and in the Tinihia
group almost from a point with 2 ; vein 4 coincident with 3 ; 6 usually from well
below upper angle of cell ; and 7 from the angle, but in the Bembecia, Tinthia
group 6 usually from much closer to the upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed in a
fold and closely approximated to the cell and vein 7.
A. Antennae dilated towards extremity and ending in a minute tuft of hairs,
a. Hindwing with veins 3, 5 stalked or from a point,
a'. Forewing with veins 4, 5 not curved downwards,
a'. Forewing with veins 7, 8 coincident.
a'. Forewing with veins 2, 3 coincident ; hind tibiae and tarsi
tufted with scales Oligophlebia, p. 52
b*. Forewing with veins 2, 3 not coincident,
a*. Hind tibiae and tarsi tufted with scales.
a'. Hind tarsi very long ....... Aschiatophleps, p. 52
b^. Hind tarsi of normal lengtli.
a'. Palpi w th very long tuft of hair from 2nd joint in front Grypopalpia, p. 52
b^ Palpi without tuft of hair from 3rd joint in front. . . Helnosphena. p. 53
b*. Hind tibiae and tarsi not tufted with scales.
a'. Abdomen constricted towards base .... Hymenosphecia, p. 77
b*. Abdomen not constricted towards base . . . Calascsia, p. 51
b'. Forewing with veins 7, 8 stalked.
a'. Fofewing with vein 9 stalked with 7,8. . . . Megalosphecia, p. 78
b'. Forewing with vein 9 from the cell.
a*. Forewing with veins 10, 11 coincident.
a'. Hind tarsi with the Ist joint fringed with scales above . Alcaihoe, p. 51
b'. Hind tarsi with the 1st joint not fringed with scales above.
a'. Abdomen slightly constricted towards base . . Aegerina, p. 51
b*. Abdomen not constricted towards base,
a'. Proboscis aborted and not functional,
a*. Forewing with veins 2, 3, 4 coincident . . Tradescanticola, p. 64
b*. Forewing with veins 2, 3, 4 separate . . Chamanthedvn, p. 64
b'. Proboscis fully developed.
a». Vertex of head with large tuft of scales . . Lophoceps, p. 69
b'. Vertex of head without tuft of scales . . Teleosphecia, p. 51
NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
b«. Forewing with veins 10, 11 becoming coincident towards oosta,
a*. Abdomen with very long roughly scaled process from
above base of anal tuft . .....
b'. Abdomen without dorsal process from above base of anal
tuft
c*, Forewing with veins 10, 11 separate.
a^. Hind tarsi with the 1st joint fringed with scales above,
a'. Proboscis aborted and not functional,
a'. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked .
b'. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from a point
b«. Proboscis fully developed.
a'. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked.
a*. Mid tibiae spined ; hind tarsi very long .
b'. Mid tibiaa not spined.
a". Hind tarsi very long .....
b'. Hind tarsi of normal length.
a". Palpi with the 2nd joint fringed with long
scales in front ; abdomen with large anal
tuft
b". Palpi smoothly scaled in front,
a". Abdomen with five anal pencils of hair in
male, two in female ....
b". Abdomen with large anal tuft
b'. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from a point.
a'. Hind tarsi strongly fringed with scales to near
extremity ......
b». Hind tarsi with the Ist joint only fringed with scales.
a'. Hind tibiae with large tuft of scales above
towards extremity.
a". Hind tarsi with fringe of scales on Ist joint
above and tufts of scales on terminal
joints .......
b". Hind tarsi with fringe of scales on 1st joint
above only ......
b». Hind tibiae fringed with scales above throughout ;
palpi with the second joint fringed with long
scales in front. ......
c'. Hind tibiae with tufts of hair at the spurs ; palpi
with the 2nd joint smoothly scaled in front
, Hind tarsi with the 1st joint not fringed with scales
above.
a«. Proboscis aborted and not functional,
a'. Abdomen constricted towards base
b'. Abdomen not constricted towards base.
a*. Forewing with vems 2, 3 closely approximated.
a'. Hind tarsi very long
b'. Hind tarsi of normal length ....
b". Forewing with veins 2, 3 not approximated.
a». Head and palpi clothed with long hair .
b". Head and palpi not clothed with long hair .
b'. Proboscis fully developed.
a'. Abdomen constricted to a slender pedicel towards base
b'. Abdomen slightly constricted towards base,
a*. Hind tarsi very long .....
b». Hind tarsi of normal length.
a». Palpi fringed with long hair in front .
b». Palpi smoothly scaled in front
b'.
Pseudalcathoe, p. 51
Ghamaeaphecia, p. 68
Monopetalotaxis, p. 58
Oaia, p. 63
Aloniiia, p. 78
Lepidopoda, p. 54
Pyropteron, p. 51
Sannina, p. 51
Synanthedon, p. 59
Trilochana, p. 83
Tarsopoda, p. 51
Euryphrissa, p. 51
Hypanthedon, p. 62
Crinipus, p. 53
V eapanthedon, p. 77
Aenigmina, p. 71
Dipsosphecia, p. 63
Euhagena, p. 64
Veismannia, p. 51
Sphecosesia, p. 77
Tvpvlomima, p. 56
Podoaeaia, p. 63
Parharmonia, p. 51
50
X0\1TATES ZOOLOOICAE XX\^. 1919.
c'. Abdomen not constricted towards base.
a*. Hind tarsi very long .....
b*. Hind tarsi of normal length.
a'. Hind tibiae very strongly tufted with scales
b'. Hind tibiae not strongly tufted with scales,
a". Frons with conical prominence ; palpi porrect
W. Frons without prominence ; palpi upturned .
c'. Forewing with vein 9 stalked with 8, 7 from the cell .
d^. Forewing with veins 7, 8, 9 from the cell ....
W. Forewing with veins 4, 5 curved downwards.
a'. Forewing with vein 9 stalked with 7. 8.
a'. Forewing with ve'.n 7 from 8 before 9. . . . .
b'. Forewing with vein 7 fiom 8 beyond 9.
a*. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked ; abdomen clothed
with rough hair ........
b*. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from the cell ; abdomen
smoothly scaled .......
b*. Forewing with vein 9 from the cell.
a*. Proboscis aborted and not functional.
a'. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked ....
b*. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from a point .
b'. Proboscis fully developed.
a'. Forewing with veins 10, 11 becoming coincident towards
costa, 2, 3 closely approximated ; hindwing with the lower
discocellular outwardly oblique, veins 3 and 5 stalked
b*. Forewing with veins 10,11 not becoming coincident towards
costa, 2, 3 well separated ; hindwing with the lower dis-
cocellular inwardly oblique, veins 3 and 5 from a point .
b. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell and nearer 2 than 5.
a*. Forewing with veins 7, 8 coincident ....'.
b*. Forewing with veins 7, 8 stalked.
a'. Hind tarsi very long and tufted with scales at the joints, especi-
ally towards extremity .......
b'. Hind tarsi of normal length and tufted with scales throughout .
c. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell and nearer 5 than 2.
a*. Forewing with veins 7, 8 coincident.
a'. Proboscis aborted and not functional ; palpi obliquely upturned
and moderately scaled ; hind tibiae at extremity and tarsi at
the joints with shght tufts of hair, the latter very long and
fringed with scales above towards extremity ....
b*. Proboscis fully developed.
a'. Hind tarsi strongly tufted with scales ....
b'. Hind tarsi not tufted with scales .....
y, Forewing with veins 7, 8 stalked.
a'. Forewing with veins 9 and 10 stalked with 7, 8 ; hind tarsi tufted
with scales .........
b'. Forewing with veins 9 and 10 from the cell,
a'. Proboscis aborted and not functional.
a*. Palpi with some spinous hair at extremities of 2nd and 3rd
joints ; mid and hind tibiae at the spurs and the tarsi at
extremity of 1st joint with tufts of scales and spinous hair
b'. Palpi without spinous hair at extremities of 2nd and 3rd
joints ; mid and hind tibiae at the spurs and the tarsi
at extremity of 1st joint without tufts of scales and
spinous hair ........
b'. Proboscis fully developed.
a*. Hind tarsi strongly tufted with scales ....
b*. Hind tarsi not strongly tufted with scales.
Macrotarsipus, p. 58
Episannina, p. 55
Bodolphia, p. 70
Conopia, p. 71
CaUisphecia, p. 83
Anaudia.p. 112
Toleria, p. 79
Dasyaphecia, p. 79
Aegeroephecia, p. 79
Sphecia, p. 80
Aegeria, p. 81
Mettuphecia, p. 82
OlosBosphecia, p. 83
Melanosphecia, p. 95
Macroscelesia, p. 84
Mdiltia, p. 84
PyrarUhrene, p. 1 10
Hypomdittia, p. 96
Adixoa, p. 100
Lenyra, p, 96
Echidgnathia, p. 97
Thyranthrene, p. 97
Pseudomelitlia, p. 100
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
61
a'. Abdomen constricted towards base .... Sincara, p. 5 1
b'. Abdomen not constricted towards base.
a'. Abdomen with lateral tufts of hair towards extremity . Sura, p, 98
b'. Abdomen without lateral tufts of hair towards extremity,
a'. Abdomen with very long roughly scaled dorsal process
from above base of anal tuft .... Cryptomima, p. 100
b'. Abdomen without dorsal process from above base of
anal tuft,
a'. Abdomen with large spreading anal tuft . . Paranthrene, p. 100
b*. Abdomen with slight anal tuft . . . Homogyna, p. 1 10
B. Antennae tapering to a point at extremity and not ending in a tuft of hair.
a. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked ; forewing with veins 2, 3 coincident,
a^. Forewing with veins 7, 8 stalked.
a''. Proboscis aborted and not functional.
a'. Forewing with veins 10, 11 coincident .... Micrecia, p. 113
b'. Forewing with veins 10, 11 separate .... Bcmiecia, p. 112
b^. Proboscis fully developed ....... Qlosaecia, p. 113
b'. Forewing with veins 7, 8 separate, 2, 3 stalked .... Paradozecia, f. IH
b. Hindwing with veins 2, 3 almost from a point long before angle of cell.
a'. Forewing with veins 7, 8 coincident ..... Tyrictaca, p. 114
y. Forewing with veins 7, 8 stalked, 10, 11 coincident . . , Paraaesia, p. 51
c'. Forewing with veins 7, 8 separate.
a?, Forewing with veins 2, 3 coincident,
a'. Hind tarsi with large tufts of scales above to near extremity.
a,'. Antennae with the shaft clothed with rough scales above Sophona, p. 51
b'. Antennae with the shaft not clothed with rough scales above Neotinthia, p. 1 15
b'. Mid and hind tarsi with large tuft of scales on Ist joint above . Tinthia, p. 1 15
c'. Tarsi without tuft of scales on 1st joint above . . . Trtcftowroto, p. 116
b^. Forewing with veins 2, 3 stalked ..... Zenodorus, p. 1 18
c'. Forewing with veins 2, 3 separate ..... Proaegeria, p. 119
C, Hindwing with vein 3 from just before angle of cell and widely separated
from 2 ; forewing with veins 2, 3 coincident, 9 stalked with 7, 8 ;
abdomen constricted to a slender pedicel at base . . . Similipspais, p. I li
GENERA NOT FOXJKD IN THE ORIENTAL AND ETHIOPIAN REGIONS
Aegerina Le Cerf, Oberth. St Lip. Camp. xiv. p. 332 (1917) type ovinia
^ioWAoeH. Edw., Popi70, ii. p. 53 (1882) typeca!((fatoi ....
Calasesia Beutenm.. J.N. Y. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 256 (1899) type cocoinea .
Euryphrissa But!., A.M.N.H. (4) xiv. p. 409 (1874) type plumipea
Parasesia Le Cerf. Oberth. £l. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 322 (1917) tjrpe crystallina
Parharmonia Beutenm. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 124 (1896) type pint
Pyropterontiewma.n, Ent. Mag. i. XI. T5{\S35)ty^e chrysidiformis
Peeudahathoe Le Cerf, Oberth. St. lAp. Comp, xiv, p. 320 (1917) tjje
chatanayi ........
Sannina Wlk., viii. 64 (1856) type uroceriformis
Sincara Wlk.. viU. 61 (1856) type eumeniformis
SophonaWik., viii. eO{lS56) type halictipennis
Tarsapoda Butl., A.M.N.H. (4) xiv. p. 410 (1874) type remipes
Tdeoephecia Le Cerf, Oberth, £t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 280 (1917) type bibia
Le Cerf = unicolor Wlk. ........
Vtiamannia Spiiler, Hoffmaim's Or, Schm, Eur, ii. p. 317 (1910) type agdiatijorrrtia
Mexico ; Guatemala.
Canada ; U.S.A.
U.S.A.
Brazil.
Brazil.
Canada : U.S.A.
Europe.
Panama.
U.S.A.
Brazil.
Brazil.
Brazil.
Bolivia.
Europe.
Gen. Oligophlebia.
Oligophhbia Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 201 (Jan. 10th, 1893) ; id. III. Lep. Het. B.M.
ix. p. 61
Type.
nigraiba
52 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
t Oligophlebia subapicalis n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, with a slight leaden-grey gloss, the
frons whitish at sides, the patagia at extremity and dorsal crest on 1st segment
of abdomen tipped with some white and orange-yellow scales, the other segments
with a few white scales at extremities, on the 5th segment forming a more com-
plete band ; antennae white before tips ; palpi white in front except at tips ;
throat and coxae white, the fore tibiae below at base and tarsi except at tips
white, the mid and hind tibiae and tarsi banded with white, the ventral surface
of abdomen white except at extremity. Forewing black with a leaden-grey gloss ;
two white discoidal points ; a semicircular white patch with a cupreous tinge
except at costa just before termen from costa to vein 2 ; a slight white point above
middle of inner margin and white mark at tornus. Hindwing hyaline, the veins
and margins narrowly black-brovm ; cilia fuscous. Underside of forewing
black-brown.
Up. Burma, Maymyo (Bingham), 1 ? type ; Siam, Biserat, 1 ?. Exp. 1 mill.
(1) Oligophlebia nigralba.
t Oligophlebia nigralba Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 201 (1893) ; id. III. Het. B.M. Lx. p. 61. pi. 157. f. 21.
Ceylon.
(2) * Oligophlebia cristata.
Oligophlebia cristata Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xii. 1. pi. 377. f. 3159 (1916) ; id. Ic. xiv.
p. 273.
Java.
(3) * Oligophlebia amalleuta.
Oligophlebia amaHeiUa MejT., Eec. Ind. Mus. v. p. 219 (1910).
Bengal, Parisnath.
Gen. Aschistophleps.
Type.
Aschistophleps Kmpan., Moths Ind. i. p. 200 {IS93). lampropoda
(1) Aschistophleps lampropoda.
t Aschistophleps lampropoda Hmpan., Moths Ind. i. p. 200 fig. (1893).
Assam, Khasis, Margarita ; Tonkin.
(2) Aschistophleps metachryseis.
t Aschistophleps metachryseis Hmpsn., Moths Ind. iv. p. 465 (1896).
Tip. Burma.
(3) Aschistophleps ruficrista.
t Aegeria ruficrista Roths., Nov, Zool. six. p. 122 (1912).
Borneo, Sarawak.
Gen. Grypopalpia nov.
Type. G. iridescens.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching to
about middle of frons, with a very long curved tuft of hair projecting from it m
front with some loose hair above it, the 3rd long and nearly smoothly scaled ;
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. 53
frons smoothly scaled ; eyes large, elliptical ; antennae of female almost simple,
dilated towards extremity where there is a slight tuft of hair ; thorax smoothly
scaled ; fore tibiae slightly fringed with hair ; mid tibiae with slight tufts of
spinous hair at middle and extremity ; hind tibiae and the first joint of tarsi
strongly fringed on both sides with hair and hair -like scales ; abdomen smoothly
scaled. Forewing narrow ; veins 2, 3 approximated ; 7, 8 coincident ; 10, 11
approximated. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from a point at lower angle of cell,
4 absent ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed
in fold.
* t Grypopalpia iridescens n. sp.
?. Head and thorax black with an iridescent gloss and irrorated with a few
white scales, the sides of frons and genae white, the palpi with the scales at
extremity of 1st joint on inner side and some of the long hair at extremity
of 2nd joint white ; abdomen scarlet, the basal segment black, the 2nd, 3rd,
4th, and 5th with slight black segmental lines and diffused dorsal spots ; fore-
legs black with white spots at base and extremity of coxae and the tarsi ringed
with ochreous, the hindlegs with some white and ochreous at middle and extremity,
the tarsi suffused with ochreous, the hindlegs with the tibiae except at base and
the 1st joint of tarsi orange-scarlet, the rest of tarsi with a few orange scales ;
ventral surface of abdomen orange-scarlet except at base. Forewing black
suffused with brilliant metallic blue-green except the costal area and cilia. Hind-
wing with the costal half and the veins and margins of inner half black suffused
with brilliant metallic blue-green, the interspaces of inner half hyaline ; cilia
black.
ITatal, Durban (Leigh), type ? in Coll. Rothschild. Ex-p. 20 mill.
Gen. Heterosphecia.
Type.
Heterosphecia Le Ceri, Oberth. £<. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 243 (1917) .... myticus
(1) Heterosphecia eruentata.
■\Adixoa cruerUata Swinh., A.M.N.H. (6) xvii. p. 359 (1896).
Assam, Khasis.
(2) * Heterosphecia haematochiodes.
AachistophUps liacmatochrodes Le Ceri, Bull. Sor. Ent. Fr. 1912. p. 354. fig.
Tonkm.
(3) * Heterosphecia myticus.
Heterosphecia myticus 1,6 Ceri, Obertii. M. Lip. C<»np.:ia, 1. pi. 375. f. 3139 (1916); id. Ic. xiv.
p. 244.
Assam, Naga Hills.
(4) * Heterosphecia melissoides.
t AschistopMeps melissoides Hmpen. Moths Ind. i. p. 201 (1893).
Burma, E. Pegu.
Gen. Crinipus.
Crinipus Hmpsn., P.Z.S, 1896. p. 277 hucozunipus
54 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
Crinipus leucozonipus.
•f Crinipus leucozonipus Hmpsn. P.Z.S. 1896. p. 277. pi. x. f. 21.
Aden.
Gen. Lepidopoda.
Type.
Lepidopoda Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 43 (1900) .... heterogyna
(1) Lepidopoda heterogyna.
t Lepidopoda heterogyna Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 44 (1900).
Uadras, Cuddapah.
(2) t Lepidopoda xanthogyna n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metallic steel blue, the
frons white at sides, the neck with j'ellow ring, the patagia with yellow dorsal
edge and slight bar at middle, the pro- and metathorax with small yellow spots,
the abdomen with yellowish white segmental lines, the large anal tuft with yellow
dorsal streak and white lateral streaks ; antennae yellow above towards tips ;
palpi yellow, the 2nd joint towards extremity and the 3rd joint black except
in front ; pectus with yellow lateral patches ; forelegs yellow with some black
scales ; mid and hind legs black glossed \\-ith blue, the tibiae with some yellow
hairs in the tufts ; ventral surface of abdomen with yellowish white fascia except
towards extremity. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black,
glossed with metallic blue except the terminal band, which is black with a few
yellow scales in the interspaces, moderately broad, its inner edge slightly waved
and indented by a wedge-shaped hyahne spot between veins 7 and 8 ; the discoidal
bar rather strong. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black.
Underside of forewing with the costal and subcostal nervures streaked with yellow
to end of cell, and with more yellow on the terminal band except towards tornus ;
Mndwing with the costa yellow to near apex.
?. Thorax and abdomen chrome-yellow, the tegulae, patagia at base, and pro-
and metathorax -nith black patches, the abdomen with dorsal black bars, the
anal tuft orange-yellow- with lateral black streaks ; antennae not yellow towards
tips ; legs yellow, the mid femora blue-black above, the hind tarsi black above ;
forewing with some yellow at base ; hindwing with the hair on inner margin
yellow.
Queensland, Kuranda (Dodd), 1(J, 3 ? type ; Walsingham Coll. Exp. S
30, ? 36 mill.
(3) Lepidopoda tenuimarginata.
t Sciapteron tenuitnarginatum Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 193 (1893).
Burma, Karen Hills.
(4) Lepidopoda andrepiclura.
■f Lepidopoda andrepictera (sic) Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xx. p. 94 (1910).
Ceylon.
(5) t Lepidopoda pictipes n. sp.
(J Head with the vertex black, some golden yellow scales between th«
antennae which are black, the frons golden yellow (palpi wanting), the hair round
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXVI. 1919. 55
neck golden yellow, white below ; thorax black, the patagia with tufts of orange
hair at extremity and orange-tipped tufts behind them ; abdomen black with a
slight fulvous tinge on two basal segments, then with some white scales especially
on the three terminal segments, the anal tuft white above ; pectus and legs
black, the fore coxae white at sides, the terminal half of tibiae orange-yellow with
a black spot above, the tarsi ringed with white, the mid legs with orange-yellow
bands above at middle and extremity of tibiae, and the tarsi ringed with white,
the hind legs with bands at middle and extremity of tibiae which are orange-yellow
above, white below, the spurs white, the tarsi ringed with white ; ventral surface
of abdomen white and brown, the anal tuft orange -yellow. Fore\ving hyaUne,
the veins and margins black, the costal area black, tapering to apex, the discoidal
bar strong, the cilia black-brown. Hindmng hyaline, the veins and margins
narrowly hyaline, some j'ellow hair at base of inner margin, the cilia black-brown.
N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi (H. DoUman), 1 ^ type. Exp. 26 mill.
(6) t Lepidopoda sylphina n. sp.
$. Head and thorax black, the vertex of head and tips of patagia with some
ochreous hair, the neck with ochreous ring ; the frons with white Unes at sides ;
palpi with the 2nd joint white at base and in front and behind ; abdomen black
■with some ochreous scales and white segmental lines, stronger on the two terminal
segments, the anal tuft fulvous yellow, the ventral surface with large white scales
mixed except towards extremity ; pectus ochreous white and black ; legs black,
the fore coxae with white patches, the mid and hind tibiae with some ochreous
and white hair above. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black,
the costal area and a discoidal bar black. Hindwing hyaUne, the veins and
margins narrowly black, the cell with the hyaUne tinged with rufous ; the inner
area clothed with black and white scales except towards tornus.
Sierra Leone, Kamag-Bonse (Simpson), 2 $ type. Exp. 18 mill.
Gen. Episannina.
Type.
Episannina Auriv., Ark. f. Zool. ii. 12. p. 44 (1905) chalybea
Sylphidia Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris, xvii. p. 305 (1911) . . . perlucida
(1) * Episannina chalybea.
Episannina chalybea Auriv., Ark. f. Zool. ii. 12. p. 45 (1905).
Sylphidia pulchra Le Cerf, Oberth. ^t. Up. Cmnp. xii. 1. pi. 380. f. 3185 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 348.
Cameroons.
(2) * Episannina perlucida.
Sylphidia perlucida Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Soc. Paris, xvii. p. 306. pi. v. £. 3 ( 1911) ; id. Oberth.
St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 346. pi. 479. f . 3950.
Gaboon,
(3) Episannina albifrons.
t Lepidopoda albifrons Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 151 (1910) ^ (is a $).
Gold Coast.
(4) t Episannina flavicincta n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black with a slight purple gloss, some silvery blue
between antennae, the frons edged with white above and at sides, the palpi white,
56
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1916,
except behind to near extremity of 2nd joint ; abdomen black with slight
yellow segmental hnes on 1st and 3rd segments ; forelegs black -ttdth the coxae
white with a black bar just before extremity, the tibiae with some ochreous and
white at extremity and fringe of white hair on outer side, the tarsi white except
below, the mid legs with the coxae and femora mostly white and the tarsi white
below, the hind legs with the coxae and femora mostly white, the tibiae with
white bar above at middle, the tarsi ochreous below ; ventral surface of abdomen
ochreous white. Forewing with the costal area, veins, discoidal bar, and inner
area greenish black ; a hyaUne streak above inner margin before middle and
wedge-shaped patch in end of cell ; the interspaces beyond the cell between veins
9 and 3 hyaline, leaving a very narrow line on termen and the cilia black. Hind-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black, the hair on inner margin
mostly ochreous to beyond middle, long towards base. Underside of forewing
•with the costal area to beyond the cell and the median nervure golden yellow.
Gold Coast, Obuasi (Graham), 3 type. Exp. 16 mill.
(5) * Episannina modesta.
Sylphidia modesta Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xii. 1. pi. 380. f. 3184 (1916); id, Ic. xiv.
p. 349.
Cameroons.
Gen. Tipulamima.
Type.
Tipulamima HoU., J.N.T. Ent. Soc. 1. p. 183 (1894) flanfrons
Macrolarsipodes Le Cerf, Oberth. J^t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 338 (1917) . . . tricincta
Sect. I. Hind tarsi of male fringed with hair above throughout.
(1) * Tipulamima grandidieri.
Macrotarsifodes grandidieri Le Cerf, Oberth. J$«. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 341. pL 479. f. 3951 (1917).
Madagascar.
(2) *t Tipulamima pyrosoma n. sp.
(J. Head black glossed with metalUc blue, the palpi orange, the antennae
orange -scarlet above towards tips, the neck with scarlet ring ; thorax black-
brown, the tegulae and patagia edged with scarlet, abdomen with the four basal
segments black -brown above, the terminal segments and ventral surface scarlet ;
pectus and legs scarlet, the hind tarsi black glossed with blue, the 1st joint
scarlet below except at extremity, and the hairs of the fringe mostly scarlet.
Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black, some scarlet at base ;
cilia cupreous brown. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black ; cilia cupreous brown. Underside of both wings with the costa orange
to beyond middle.
Br. E. Africa, Kilindini (Lcgros), type S in Coll. Rothschild. Exf. 28 mill,
(3) Tipulamima flammipes.
t Macrotarsipus flammipes Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 153 (1910).
Uganda.
(4) * Tipulamima opalimargo.
8t»ia opalimargo Le Cerf, Bvil. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913. p. 167. fig.
BTadagascar,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 57
Sect. II. Hind tarsi of male not fringed with hair above.
(5) * Tipulamima flavifrons.
t Tipuiamima flavifroas HoU., JJf.Y. Ent. Soc. i. p. 183 (1894) ?.
Gaboon.
(6) * Tipulamima haugi.
Macrotarsipodes Uugi Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 343. pi. 479. ff. 3952 3 (1917).
Gaboon.
(7) t Tipulamima nigriceps n. sp.
?. Head black glossed with blue, the palpi orange-yellow with a few black
scales at tips ; thorax orange-yellow mixed with some black ; abdomen black
glossed with metallic blue ; pectus, femora, and fore and mid tibiae orange-yellow,
the tarsi black, the hind tibiae and tarsi black glossed with blue, the former with
some orange-yellow below towards base ; ventral surface of abdomen with yellow
patches on three basal segments. Forewing uniform black suffused with brilliant
metallic blue. Hindwing with the interspaces to end of cell hyaUne, and with
elongate hyaline spots beyond the cell above veins 5 and 4, and a slight mark
above base of vein 2, the veins and a discoidal bar black ; the rest of wing black,
suffused with deep purple to vein 3, then with brilliant metallic blue, the dark
area narrowing to tornus.
Sierra Leone, Panguma (Simpson), 1 ? type. Exf. 26 mill.
(8) * ? Tipulamima festiva.
iSe«»o festiva Beutenm., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 170 (1899).
Gaboon.
(9) Tipulamima sophax.
t Acgeria sophax Druce, A.M.N.B. (7) iv. p. 203 (1899).
The female has no orange-scarlet on the abdomen, but at sides of pectus and
base of forewing only.
Uganda ; Br. C. Africa ; Lo'tiren9o ntarqnes ; S. Khodesia.
(10) Tipulamima sexualis.
t Macrotarsipus sexualis Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 152 (1910).
Macroiarsipodes sexualis var. Walerloti Le Cerf, Oberth. M. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 341.p 1. 479. f. 3954
(1917).
S. ITigeria ; Dahomey ; Br. C. Africa.
(11) *? Tipulamima malimba.
Sesia malimba Beutenm,, J.N.T. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 172 (1899).
Gaboon.
(12) Tipulamima tricincta.
Macroiarsipodes tricincfus Le Cerf, Oberth. £l. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 380. f. 3182 (1916) ; id. I.e.
xiv. p. 341.
Znlnland ; Natal.
"° NOVITATES Z00IX30ICAE XXVI. 1919.
Gen. Macrotarsipus.
Type.
Jfacrotorjipua Hmpan., if ojA«/»id. i. p. 194 (1893) albipuncta
(1) Macrotarsipus albipuncta.
t Macrotarsip-iUi albipunctus Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 194. fig. (1893).
Burma, Bhamo.
(2) * Macrotarsipus airicana.
Seaia africana Beutenm., J.N.T. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 170 (1899).
t Aegeria bdia Druoe, A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 181 (1910).
Gaboon ; Cameroons.
(3) t Macrotarsipus microthyris n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown ; neck with a yellow ring ; palpi
creamy white to near extremity of 2nd joint, then orange-yellow, the 3rd joint
with some black scales ; tarsi ringed with yellow. Forewing black -brown ;
a small hyaline spot in the cell towards extremity and short streaks beyond the
cell between veins 7 and 4. Hindwing hyaUne, the veins black ; a narrow black-
brown terminal band ; cilia greyish black.
Br. E. Africa, Psaro R. (Neave), 1 ? type ; Br. C. Africa, Mlanje plateau,
6,500 ft. (Neave), 1 ?. Exp. 28 mill.
Gen. Monopetalotaxis.
Type.
Monopetalolaxis WUgm., Kongl. Vet. Akad. Fork. 1858. p. 135 doUrijormia
TrocMKJMiFeld., Bcw. iVot). p. 9 (1874) non descr candescens
Sect. I. (Monopetalolaxis). Antennae of male with long uniseriate
branches.
(1) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis.
t Aegeria doleriformis Wlk., viii. 56 (1856).
Monopetalotaxis wahlbergi Wllgm., Wien. Ent. Mon. iv. p. 41 (1860) ; id. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Fork.
V. 4. p. 8(1865).
t Aegeria taylori Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 204 (1899).
Transvaal ; ITatal ; Cape Colony.
Sect. II. [Trochilina). Antennae of male serrate and fasciculate.
(2) Monopetalotaxis candescens.
t Trochilina candescent Feld., Reis. Nov. pi. 82. f. 23 (1874).
Cape Colony.
(3) Monopetalotaxis pyrocraspis.
t Sciapteron pyrocraapia Hmpsn. A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 153 (1910).
Cape Colony.
NOVITATBS ZOOLOOIOAB XXVI. 1919 69
(4) f Monopetalotaxis sinensis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a sUght purplish gloss, the frons
with yellow spots above and at sides, the neck with yellow ring, the patagia with
yellow streak above and spot at origin of forewing, the abdomen with yellow
bands on each segment, the anal tuft with yellow streaks at middle and sides ;
antennae with the serrations rufous ; palpi yellow with some black hair in front ;
legs black and yellow, the hind tibiae yellow with black band at extremity, the
tarsi yellow. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins cupreous brown ; a slight
yellow streak below costa and fiery orange streak above inner margin to beyond
middle ; the discoidal spot with fiery orange spot on its outer side ; some yellow
in the interspaces before termen from apex to vein 3. Hindwing hyahne, the
veins and margins narrowly cupreous brown. Underside of forewing with the
costa to beyond middle, the inner area to termen, the discoidal spot and the inter-
spaces of terminal area golden yellow ; hindwing with the costa golden yellow to
near apex, expanding into a small spot at upper angle of cell.
?. Abdomen with yellow bands on dorsum of 2nd, 4th, and 6th segments
only, and a lateral spot on 3rd.
C. China, Shanghai (J. J. Walker), 1 (J type ; Fokien, Ting-hai (de la Garde),
1 $. Exp. S 30, 5 32 mill.
(5) t Monopetalotaxis chalciphora n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with leaden grey, the vertex
of head with some rufous hair and the neck with rufous ring, the metathorax
fiery red at sides, the abdomen with fiery red in front of 2nd segment at sides,
the 3rd segment with yellow and fiery red in front, the 4th with yellow band,
the 5th and 6th with fiery red bands, the anal segment fiery red above except
at base ; antennae fiery red with some black at sides ; palpi fiery red, yellow
towards base, the hair in front of 1st and 2nd joints leaden black at tips ;
fore coxae fiery red on outer side, the tibiae fiery red, the hind tibiae black on
inner side, the tarsi yellow, white on inner side, the hind tarsi with some fiery
orange on inner side at base. Forewing hyahne, the veins black ; the costal
area golden yellow tinged with scarlet and irrorated with black, the cell golden
yellow, the inner margin golden yellow tinged with scarlet, the terminal area
yellow suffused with black -brown ; cilia black-brown. Hindwing hyahne, the
veins yellow with some black scales, the terminal Une and cilia black -brown.
Underside of forewing with the costal area, cell, inner margin, and terminal area
golden yellow, the last irrorated with black -brown ; hindwing with the costa
golden yellow.
Br. C. A&ica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 $ type. Exp. 26 mill.
Gen. Synanthedon.
Type.
Synanthedon Hiibn., Vem. p. 129 (1827) aestrifomit
Auatroaetia Feld., Beta. Nov. p. 2 (1874) non descr semirufa
(1) Synanthedon pyrethra.
t Sciapteron pyrethra Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 154 (1910). $.
The male has the forewing hyaline, the costal and terminal areas red-brown,
a scarlet streak below base of costa and fascia on inner margin to near tornus,
60 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXV7. 1919
a broad dark discoidal bar with the veins just beyond it scarlet ; hindwing with
the inner area clothed with scarlet scales and with a black streak above base of
inner margin.
Cape Colony.
(2) * Synanthedon semirufa.
t AustrosHia semiruja Feld., Reis. Nov. pi. 82. f. 22 (1874).
The abdomen is without white bands as figured, the hindwing sometimes
has the disk almost hyaline and the black terminal band narrower.
Cape Colony.
(3) * Synanthedon aurania.
t Ceratocorema aurania Druce, A.M.N.B. (7) iv. p. 205 (1899).
Ferak.
(4) * t Synanthedon hypochalcia n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax red-brown, some rufous between antennae, the neck
with yellow ring and the patagia \^-ith yellow hair at extremity ; abdomen dark
red-brown tinged with grey, a yellow band on 3rd segment, the anal tuft with
some rufous ; frons yellow at sides ; palpi yellow with a few black hairs in front ;
pectus and legs yellow, the tibiae banded with black ; ventral surface of abdomen
with yellow bands on four basal segments. Forewing hyahne, the veins, margins,
and streaks in the interspaces of terminal area black ; the costa with orange
scales mixed, and some orange below it towards apex ; the discoidal bar orange
with some black scales on it. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black. Underside of forevs-ing with the costal area, discoidal bar, and the median
nervure towards end of cell cupreous ; hindwing with the costa cupreous with
some black scales on it.
$. Abdomen with five yellow bands, the band on 3rd segment broader, the
ventral surface with broad yellow bands on each segment ; forewing with some
orange-yellow in and beyond upper part of cell and on inner margin.
Assam, Khasis, type (J, $ in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 22 mill.
(5) t Synanthedon erythromma n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the frons and genae white, the neck
with white ring, the abdomen with strong white segmental lines on all the
segments, the anal tuft fuscous and white ; palpi with the 1st joint and basal half
of 2nd joint black and white, the rest of 2nd joint and the 3rd joint white ;
fore coxae black and white, the femora white at extremity, the tibiae orange-
yellow below, the tarsi orange-yellow ringed with white, the mid tibiae with
scarlet hair at middle, the spurs and hair at extremity white, the tarsi ringed
with white, the hind tibiae fringed with scarlet hair above mixed with black
towards extremity, the spurs and hair below at extremity white, the tarsi with
black and scarlet hair above on 1st joint, the tarsi white below. Forewing
hyaline, the costal area, veins, and margins black, a scarlet discoidal spot defined
by black except below ; some scarlet below the costa towards apex and before
the black terminal Une. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black, the cilia blackish. Underside of forewing with the discoidal spot scarlet,
NOVITATE3 ZOOLOQtCiE XXVI. 1919. flj
with some black scales on its inner edge, and with more scarlet beyond it below
costa and before termen.
Br. E. A&ica, S. Kavirondo, Kisii Eist. (Neave), 1 (J type. Exp. 20 mill.
(6) t Synanthedon rubripicta n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the frons white, the neck with yellow
ring, the abdomen with yellow segmental lines on 1st and anal segments and
band on 4th, the anal tuft with scarlet mixed ; antennae scarlet ; black above
towards base ; palpi orange-yellow with some black scales in front of 1st and
2nd joints ; fore tibiae yellow below, the tarsi yellow, banded with black above,
the mid tibiae with scarlet hair at middle and extremity, the tarsi ringed with
yellow, the hind tibiae with scarlet hair at middle and extremity, the spurs white,
the tarsi with black and scarlet hair, the terminal joint white above, the ventral
surface of abdomen with the yellow band on 4th segment only. Forewing
hyaline, the costal area, veins, and margins black ; some scarlet at base of inner
margin and above vein 1 to below end of cell and below middle of subcostal
nervure ; the discoidal spot black with scarlet bar in centre ; a scarlet streak
below terminal part of costal area and some scarlet scales on the moderately
broad terminal black band. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black ; a minute black and scarlet spot at upper angle of cell ; cilia blackish,
tinged with scarlet at base. Underside of forewing with the costal area scarlet
to end of cell, the discoidal spot scarlet, defined by black on inner side ; hindwing
with some scarlet below base of costa.
Sierra Leone, Kengama (Simpson), 1 (J type. Exp. 18 mill.
(7) ? Synanthedon mesochoriformis.
t Aegeria mesochoriformis Wlk., viii. 56 (1856).
Ifatal. The type has the legs wanting.
(8) Synanthedon pyrodisca.
t Aegeria pyrodisca Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xx. p. 94 (1910).
Burma, Maymyo.
(9) I* Synanthedon pyrosema n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the frons white at sides, the
neck with yellow ring, the abdomen with fiery-red lines at base and on 5th and
7th segments, and some scales at base and extremity of anal tuft ; mid and
hind tibiae with some white hair at middle and extremity ; ventral surface of
abdomen with white line on 5th segment. Forewing hyaline, the veins and
margins rather narrowly black-browTi, with a purple gloss ; the discoidal bar
defined on outer side by fiery red. Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins
narrowly black-brown. Underside of forewng with some fiery-red scales on
subcostal and median nervures ; hindwing with some fiery-red scales on costa.
Assam, Khasis, type 3 in Coll. Eothschild. Exp. 20 mill.
(10) Synanthedon enpreifascia.
Troehilium cupreifascia Miskin, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. viii. p. 58 (1892).
Queensland. Type destroyed in post fide R. Turner, the two specimens in
B.M. are part of the original material.
62 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
(11) * Synanthedon vassei.
Aegeria vaaaei Le Cerf, Oberth. £<. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 337. pi. 478. f. 3939 (1917).
Mozam'biq'ae.
(12) Synanthedon flavipalpis.
t Ltpidopoda flavipalpis Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 505. pi. xli. t. 17,
Br. C. A&ica ; IT. £. Rhodesia ; Transvaal.
(13) Synanthedon auripes.
t Ltpidopoda auripes Hmpsn., A.M.N.B. (8) vi. p. 152 (1910).
Gold Coast.
(14) Synanthedon xanthozonata.
t Sciapteron xaruhozonatum Hmpsn., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895. p. 282 ; id. Moths Ind, It, p. 464.
Burma, Tenasserim.
(15) Synanthedon exochiformis.
t Aegeria exochiformis Wlk., vii 58 (1856).
t Ltpidopoda albijrons Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 151 (1910) $.
Sierra Leone ; Gold Coast.
(16) * Synanthedon nyanga.
Setia nyanga Beutenm., J.N.T. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 171 (1899).
Gaboon.
Gen. Hypanthedon nov.
Type, B. marisa.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned to rather above vertex of head,
the 1st and base of 2nd joint clothed with long scales in front ; frons smooth ;
eyes elliptical ; antennae of male ciliated, the cilia rather longer towards base,
dilated towards tip, where there is a small tuft of hair ; vertex of head with tuft
of hair-Uke scales ; lateral tufts of hair on metathorax and base of abdomen,
which has the anal tuft small ; fore and mid tibiae fringed with rather long hair
above, the hind tibiae fringed with long hair -like scales above and below, and the
1st joint of tarsus with large tuft of hair-like scales above. Forewing narrow,
the costa straight, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; veins 2 and 3
closely approximated ; 4, 5, 6 at intervals ; 7, 8 stalked ; 9, 10, 11 from cell,
9 widely separated from 7, 8. Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 from a point, 4
absent ; 6 from below upper angle of cell ; 7 from angle ; 8 concealed in the
costal fold.
Hypanthedon marisa.
t Aegeria marisa Druce, A.M.N.B. (7) iv. p. 205 (1899).
Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje ; Transvaal, Barberton in C!oll. Janse ; Cape
Colony, Bedford.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. QJ
Gen. Dipsosphecia.
Type.
Dipsosphecia Spiiler, Hofifmann's Or. Schm. Eur. ii. p. 316 (1910) . . . ichntumonijormie
Dipsosphecia montis.
t Aegcria montis Leech, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 592. pi. 30. f. 4 ; Baitel, Seitz. Or. Schm. pal. ii. pi. 51. i.
Japan.
There is a specimen of another species from N. China, Wei-hai-wei, in British
Museum in too bad condition to describe.
Gen. Podosesia.
Type.
Qrotea Mosohl., Slett. Ent. Zeil. xxxvii. p. 319 (1876) nee Cress. Bym. 1864 . . . syringae
PodosesiaMoschl., Stett. Ent.Zeit.xl. -p.ZiGilSIQ) syringae
t Podosesia surodes n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metalKc blue ; palpi with
some white in front ; pectus crimson at side ; tarsi white except towards base.
Forewing black glossed with metallic blue. Hindwing black and strongly glossed
with metallic green, the basal area with hyaline streaks in and below the cell
and above inner margin. Underside of forewing suffused with purple to beyond
the cell ; hindwing with some purple suffusion in and beyond end of cell.
$. Hindwing metallic blue with slight green reflections.
In the forewing of the male veins 10, 11 become coincident towards the
costa.
Br. C. Africa. Mt. Mlanje (Neave), !<?, 1 9 type. Exp. <J 34, ? 40 mill.
Gen. Gaea.
Type.
LarundaB.Edv!., Papilio i. p. 182 {l88\)nec'LeAoh, Crust. 1815 .... aolituda
OaeaBeatenm., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat, Hist, vm.p, 115 {1896) aolituda
(1) Gaea variegata.
t Tinthia variegata Wlk., xxxi, 24 (1864).
Hongkong.
(2) t * Gaea leucozona n. sp.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metallic purple-blue, the frons
white at sides, the palpi black and white, the 2nd joint entirely white towards
extremity, the shoulders and sides of metathorax mth patches of fiery red scales,
the abdomen with subdorsal patches of yellowish white hair on 4th segment
and broad band clothed with yello\vish white hair on 5th ; coxae white, the
fore coxae with black patches, the fore tibiae white except above, the mid and
hind tibiae with rings of white hair at middle and extremities, and the 1st joint
of tarsi with white ring at extremity ; ventral surface of abdomen with yellowish
white band on 5th segment. Forewing black glossed with metallic purple-blue ;
hyaline fasciae in the cell and submedian interspace to middle of wing. Hindwing
hyaline to beyond the cell and tornus, the veins and margins black, the terminal
area blackish glossed with metallic purple-blue, its inner edge irregular. Under-
side with some ochreous white on costal area of forewing to near apex, and on
base of costa of hindwing.
Assam, Khasis, type <J, 9 in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. jj 30, 5 32 mill.
64 NOVTTATES ZOOtOOICAE XXVI. 191d.
Gett. Euhagena.
Typ«.
Euhagena H. Edw., Pap. L p. 181 (1881) nebraacae
In the typical section the antennae of the male are bipectinate with long
drooping branches.
Sect. II. Antennae of male serrate with long fasciculate cilia.
(1) Euhagena lasicera.
t Trochilium lasicera Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1906. p, 495. pi. 36. f. 21.
Tibet.
E. dispar Stand, from Algeria belongs here.
Sect. III. Antennae of male ciliated.
(2) Euhagena nobilis.
t Aegeria nobUis Druce, A.M.N.H. (8) v. p. 401 (1910).
Angola ; " Germ. E. Africa."
Gek. Tradescanticola nov.
Type, T. unijormis.
Proboscis aborted and minute ; palpi obliquely upturned to rather above
vertex of head, the 1st joint with a few rather long hairs in front, the 2nd
with short hair in front and some rather long hair behind at extremity, the 3rd
smoothly scaled and acuminate at tip ; fron.s smooth ; eyes rounded ; antennae
almost simple, dilated towards extremity and ending in a small tuft of hair ;
thorax smoothly scaled ; fore tibiae slightly fringed with hair, the mid tibiae
fringed with long hair above and below, the hind tibiae fringed with still longer
hair above and below, the tarsi smoothly scaled ; abdomen of male somewhat
flattened and with slight lateral tufts of hair towards extremity, the anal tuft
very large, of female cylindrical and the anal tuft small. Forewing very narrow
and elongate, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; veins 2, 3, 4
coincident ; 5, 6 well separated ; 7, 8 stalked ; 9 from cell ; 10, 11 coincident.
Hindwing with vein 2 from towards angle of cell ; 3 and 5 very shortly stalked ;
4 absent ; 6 from above middle of discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle of cell ;
8 concealed in a fold.
Tradescanticola uniformis.
Sana uniformia Snell, Tijd. v. Ent. xliii. p. 34 (1900). (J.
?. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins rather broadly black -brown.
Java. The lava makes galls in Tradescantia (Aneilema).
Gen. Chamanthedon.
T7P8.
Cftomonrtedon Le Cerf, Oberth. ^(.L^p.Comp. xiv. p. 287(1917) .... hypochroma
( 1 ) * Chamanthedon elymais.
t Aegeria elymaia Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 202 (1899). ?.
The cJ in Coll. Rothschild has the abdomen dorsally black except at base
and extremity, the forewing with short hyaline streaks in the interspaces beyond
the discoidal bar.
]joiiren90 Marqnes ; Transvaal.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 6S\
(2) ? * Chamanthedon tropica.
Sesia tropica Beutenm., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 172 (1899).
Gaboon.
(3) f Chamanthedon chrysopasta n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax blue-black, the antennae with white ring towards tip,
the palpi orange-yellow and black -brown, the neck with ring of orange-yellow
scales, the shoulders with some orange-yellow scales and the metathorax at sides
with some orange-yellow hair ; abdomen black -brown irrorated with orange-
yellow, the anal tuft orange-yellow at middle, black at sides ; pectus and legs
black -brown and orange-yellow, the coxae with some white scales ; ventral
surface of abdomen mostly orange-yellow, the anal tuft wholly so. Forewing
black-brown thickly irrorated with orange-yellow scales ; a wedge-shaped hyaline
patch in the cell, bisected by a dark streak in the discal fold ; the discoidal patch
mostly orange-yellow ; rather short hyaline fasciae above veins 6, 5, 4, and a
minute spot above 3, defined on outer side by an orange-yellow band. Hindwing
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; veins 5, 1 c, lb, and 1 a, and the
inner margin mostly orange-yellow ; the black termen defined on inner side by
orange-yellow. Underside of forewing orange-yellow, the costa black, the
discoidal patch defined at sides by black, some black scales on the veins beyond
the cell ; hindwing with the costa and veins mostly orange-yellow, the cilia with
some whitish.
IT.'W. Rhodesia, Solwezi (H. DoUman), ^ type. Exp. 20 mill.
(4) 1 * Chamanthedon brillians.
Seaia brilliana Beutemn., J.N.Y, Ent. Soc. vii. p. 172 (1899).
Gaboon.
(5) Chamanthedon ochiacea.
t Aegeria ochracea Wlk., xxxL 10 (1864).
Natal.
(6) * Chamanthedon xanthopleura.
Chamanthedon xanihofleum Le Cerf, Oberth. £«. Lip. Comp. xii. L pi. 379 £. 3179 (1916) ; id. I.e.
xiT. p. 289.
Kadras, Trichinopoli.
(7) * Chamanthedon hypochroma.
Chamanthedon hypochroma Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 379. f. 3178 (1916) ; id. Ic.
xiv. p. 288.
TTp. Burma, Momeit.
(8) Chamanthedon flavipes.
t Seaia flavipes Hmpan., III. Het. B.M. ix. p. 60. pi. 157 ff. 19, 20 (1893) ; id. Moths Ind. i. p. 198.
Madras, Bangalore ; Ceylon.
(9) t Chamanthedon albicincta n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with steel-blue, the last with
narrow white segmental bands on 4th and 6th segments ; basal joint of
antennae at sides and frons at sides white ; palpi with the 1st and 2nd joints
6
66 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXVI. 1919.
white behind ; pectus with yellow patches at sides ; femora and tibiae streaked
with white, the tarsi ringed with white ; ventral surface of abdomen cupreous
bro\vn with white bands on 4th, 5th, and 6th segments. Forewing black
glossed with purple ; a hyaline fascia below the cell, wedge-shaped streak in end
of cell and short streaks beyond the cell between veins 7 and 3 ; some yellow
scales on the discoidal spot and slight streaks in the interspaces of terminal area.
Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black.
Ceylon (Green), 1 (J type. Exp. 16 mill.
(10) Chamanthedon hilariformis.
t Aegeria hilariformis Wlk., viii. 57 (1856).
ITatal.
(11) t Chamanthedon xanthopasta n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black, the neck with some yellow scales, the tegulae
with some yellow at sides, the patagia with some yellow above and tufts of pale
yellow hair at extremity, the frons yellow below ; abdomen black with dor.sal
series of large elliptical pale yellow spots, confluent towards extremity, the anal
tuft with orange-yellow streaks at middle and sides ; palpi white, tinged with
yellow at sides except towards base and with some black scales towards extremity ;
pectus black and greyish ; legs mostly white with some yellow and black, the
tarsi entirely white ; ventral surface of abdomen with j'ellowish white segmental
bands, obsolescent towards base, the anal tuft orange-yellow below. Forewing
hyaline, the veins and margins black ; slight whitish streaks on and below costa,
on base of median nervure and above inner margin to end of cell ; the discoidal
bar defined on outer side by golden yellow ; a golden-yeUow patch on apical
area extending to vein 4. Hindwing hyaline, the veins white, black beyond the
cell ; a small black spot at upper angle of cell ; the termen black ; the hair on
inner margin white. Underside of forewing with the costa and veins to end of
cell white ; hindwing with the veins white to termen.
Mashoualand, Maroe (Marshall), 1 <5 ; Transvaal, Waterberg Distr. (Distant)
1 <?, Johannesburg (Cooke) 1 S type. Exp. 28-30 mill.
(12) I Chamanthedon leucocera n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black-brown glossed with bronze, the frons white with
some bronze above, the neck with yellow ring, the patagia and metathorax
tipped -with orange ; abdomen orange with dorsal series of black-brown patches
forming dorsal bands on 2nd and 4th segments, the anal tuft with some
black at middle and sides ; antennae bronze-brown, pure white above towards
tips ; palpi pale yellow ; pectus and legs orange-yellow^-, the femora black above,
the mid and hind tibiae at extremities and tarsi banded with black. Fore%\ing
hyaline, the veins and margins black-brown ; the discoidal bar strong ; four
hyaline streaks beyond the cell ; the terminal band expanding towards apex
and indenting the hyaline area in the fork between veins 7, 8. Hindwing hj-aline,
the veins and margins black-brown ; the costa yellow to beyond middle. Under-
side of forewing with the costal area golden yellow towards apex ; hindwing with
the costa orange-yellow to towards apex, interrupted by a black-brown spot at
upper angle of cell.
Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave) 1 <J type. Exp. 16 mill.
KOTITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919. 67
(13) Chamanthedon fulvipes.
t Lepidopoda fvivipes Hmpan., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 506. pi. xli. f. 11.
Congo, Katanga.
(14) t Chamanthedon amorpha n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown with a slight bluish gloss, the
frons white at sides, the abdomen with slight white ring on 4th segment ;
palpi whitish in front to near extremity of 2nd joint ; fore coxae white ; mid
and hind tibiae at the spurs and the tarsal joints with white lines ; ventral
surface of abdomen with white lines on each segment. Forewing hyaline,
the veins and margins black-brown with a slight bluish gloss ; the discoidal
bar strong ; five hyaline streaks beyond the cell ; the terminal band broad,
expanding on apical area. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black-brown. Underside of forewing with some orange-yellow below the costa
to beyond the cell ; hindwing with the costa orange-yellow towards base.
Fortuguese £. Africa, Mt. Chiperone (Neave), 1 ? type. Exp. 16 mill.
(15) f Chamanthedon tapeina n. sp.
S. Head, thorax, and abdomen black wth'a slight blue-green gloss ; palpi
fulvous ; neck with a fulvous ring, a small tuft of fulvous hair behind the patagia ;
the abdomen wth slight dorsal patches of golden cupreous scales on 2nd and
4th segments, the anal tuft with some fulvous scales at middle ; fore coxae
fulvous, the mid and hind tibiae with tufts of fulvous hair at middle and extremi-
ties, the tarsi ringed with fulvous. Forewing brown ; the cell and a fascia
below it hyaline ; a dark -brown discoidal spot ; hyaline streaks in the interspaces
beyond the cell between veins 9 and 3 to towards termen ; cilia white. Hind-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly brown ; cilia white.
Transvaal, Zoutpanberg (Janse), 1 <? type. Exp. 14 mill.
(16) =** Chamanthedon quinquecincta.
t Sesia quinqiKcincta Hmpsn. Jloth. Ind. i. p. 196 (1893).
Burma, Bernardmyo.
(17) t Chamanthedon leucopleura n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown glossed with greenish blue, the
back of head with some red-brown hairs and the neck and shoulders with some
white scales, the base of abdomen with some white scales at sides and lateral
white bars on the 4th and 6th segments ; pectus in front and fore coxae
with some white ; mid and hind tibiae above with some white and the tarsi
ringed with white ; forewing black -brown glossed with greenish blue mixed with
some red -brown especially on terminal area and cilia ; a black discoidal spot.
Hindwing black-brown, mixed with some red-brown on apical area ; a hyaline
streak below the cell to origin of vein 2 ; the cell and short streaks beyond it
between veins 7 and 5 hyaline ; a black discoidal spot.
Transvaal, Johannesburg (Distant), 1 ? type, Pretoria in Coll. Janse.
Exp. 18 mill.
(18) t Chamanthedon chalypsa n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown glossed with blue-green, the
back of head with some fulvous orange hair, the abdomen with slight lateral tufts
gOl NOVITATCS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
of fulvous orange scales on each segment, the anal tuft orange at middle and
below ; palpi fulvous orange with some black above on 2nd joint at extremity
and on 3rd joint ; fore coxae fulvous orange ; (mid and hind legs wanting).
Forewing black -brown glossed with blue-green, the ciUa more cupreous brown.
Hindwing black -brown ; the cell and streaks in the interspaces above and below
submedian fold to end of cell and short streaks bej-ond the cell above and below
vein 6 hyaUne. Underside of forewing with the costa to beyond end of cell and
the median nervure towards base fulvous orange ; hindwing with the costa
fulvous orange towards base.
Natal, Durban (Queckett), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mill.
(19) * Chamanthedon critheis.
t Aegeria critheis Druoe, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 202 (1899).
Lanrenco Marques. The hind legs of the type are wanting.
(20) * Chamanthedon tiresa.
t Aegeria tiresa Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 202 (1899).
Lourenco Uarqnes.
Gen. Chamaesphecia.
Type.
CAomaespftccia SpUler, Hoffmann's 6V.Sc/in». £«r.ii. p. 316(1910) .... empiformis
(1) t* Chamaesphecia tritonias n. sp.
5. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a purple gloss, the frons white at
sides, the neck with yellow ring, the thorax irrorated with yellow, the patagia
edged with yellow, the abdomen with yellow bands on 2nd to 6th segments ;
palpi yellow, the 2nd joint towards extremity and the 3rd joint black above ;
(fore and mid legs wanting), the fore coxae yellow, the hind legs yellow with black
band on the tibiae from the medial spurs to near extremity and the tarsi black
ringed \Tith yellow above. Forewing yellow hyaUne with an opalescent gloss,
the veins and margins dark reddish brown, the costal area and intcr.spaces of
terminal area irrorated with yellow ; a golden-yellow discoidal bar defined by
some black scales ; the terminal band broad, indenting the hyaUne area in the
fork of veins 7, 8. Hindwing yellowish hyaUne, the veins and margins narrowly
black -brown with some yellow^ on the veins to end of cell and on inner area, the
hair on inner margin yeUow. Underside of forewing with the costa and subcostal
nervure yellow to end of cell ; hindwing with yellow streak below costa to near
apex.
Assam, Khasis, type ? in Coll. Kothschild. Exp. 40 mill.
(2) t Chamaesphecia ethiopica n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown mixed with some grey-white, the
frons cupreous brown, white at sides, the neck with white ring, the abdomen with
white ring on each segment, the anal tuft black with some white hair at sides ;
antennae with a sUght blue gloss ; palpi with the basal joint white and the 2nd
joint white above and below ; pectus with some white ; fore coxae white ; legs
black-brown, the tibiae and tarsi ringed with white ; ventral surface of abdomen
grey-brown, the 4th segment with white Une. Forewing hyaUne, the veins
NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVl. 1919, 69
and margins dark cupreous brown ; the discoidal bar moderate ; the terminal
band broad, slightly indenting the hyaline area at fork of veins 7, 8. Hindwing
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly cupreous brown. Underside of forewing
with the costa yellowish white to well beyond middle and the median nervure
yellowish white.
Br. C. A&ica, Mlanje Boma (Neave), 2 ? type. Exp. 24-28 mill.
(3) * Chamaespbecia rhodia.
t Acgeria rhodia Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 203 (1899).
Cape Colony.
(4) Chamaespbecia cyanopasta.
t Aegeria cyanopasta Hmpsn. J, Bomb. Nat. Hist, Soc. xx. p. 93 (1910).
Baluchistan.
Gen. Lophoceps nov.
Type, L. dbdominalis.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching to
about vertex of head and moderately scaled in front, the 3rd moderate ; frons
smooth ; eyes large, round ; antennae dilated towards tips where there is a
minute tuft of hair, typically almost simple ; vertex of head in both sexes with
large tuft of long scales projecting forward between antennae ; tibiae with sHght
tufts of hair at the spurs ; abdomen of male typically very long with large
lateral tufts of downturned scales on three terminal segments, of female with
large anal tuft. Forewing narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ;
veins 2 and 3 closely approximated from near angle of cell ; 4, 5, 6 at intervals ;
7, 8 stalked ; 9 from upper angle of cell ; 10, 11 coincident. Hindwing with
veins 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8 hidden in the
costal fold.
Sect. I. Abdomen of male very long with large lateral tufts of downturned
scales on three terminal segments.
(1) t* Lophoceps abdominalis n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with steel-blue, the frons white,
the neck with white ring, the abdomen with white line on 2nd segment and
some scales on dorsum defining the 3rd to 6th segments ; palpi white in front ;
coxae white ; tibiae and tarsi ringed with white ; ventral surface of abdomen
with white band on 2nd segment and the 4th to 6th segments white, the
anal tuft with some white at sides. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins
rather narrowly, black -brown with a greenish gloss, the terminal band with a
cupreous gloss, widening to apex and indenting the hyaline area between veins
7, 8 ; the discoidal bar rather strong. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins
narrowly black-brown. Underside of forewing with the terminal part of sub-
costal nervure and the interspaces of terminal area glossed with golden yellow ;
hindwing with the costa yellow to near apex, indented by a black spot at upper
angle of cell.
$. Abdomen with white segmental lines on 2nd to 6th segments.
<IQ NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Br. E. Africa, Mombasa (Doherty), type ^ ? in Coll. RothschUd. Exp. (J 14,
? 16 mill.
Sect. II. Abdomen of male normal.
A. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
(2) t *Lophoceps tetrazona n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with greenish blue, the frons
white at sides, the neck with white ring, the abdomen with orange bands on 2nd
to 5th segments ; palpi with the 1st and 2nd joints white in front ; pectus
and coxae white, the tibiae and tarsi ringed with white ; ventral surface of
abdomen with the 4th and 5th segments white. Forewing hyahne, the veins
and margins glossed wth greenish blue, the costal area, discoidalbar,and terminal
band broad, the five hj'aline streaks beyond the cell between veins 9 and 3 short.
Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black.
Assam, Khasis, type <3 in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 18 mill.
B. Antennae of male with long cilia.
(3) t * Lophoceps cyaniris n. .sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metallic blue-green, the
frons white at sides ; palpi white on inner side, brown tipped with white in front ;
fore coxae white on outer side, the mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with the hairs
at the spurs and joints white. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black glossed with metallic blue-green, the costal fascia and discoidal bar rather
stronger ; cilia brown. Hindwng hyaUne, the veins and margins narrowly
black ; cilia Brown.
Assam, Khasis, type 3 in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 22 mill.
(4) t Lophoceps quinquepuncta n. sp.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown glossed with bronze, the frons with
some white scales above below the tuft on vertex of head ; tibiae with some
white below, their extremities and the tar.sal joints ringed with white. Fore-
wing dark brown glossed with brilliant purple and cupreous, the terminal half
with a few yellow scales ; a round hyaline spot in the cell towards extremity ;
minute spots beyond the angles of cell with two points above the lower spot,
forming an incurved series of four marks in the interspaces. Hindwng hyaline,
the veins and margins narrowly dark brown.
Sierra Leone (Maj. F. Smith) 1 ?, Free Town (Austen) 1 ? type, Bomaru
(Simpson) 1 S- Exp. 16 mill.
Gen. Rodolphia.
Type-
Rodolphia he Ceri, Bull. Sac. Ent. Ft. 1911. p. 92 hombergi
* Rodolphia hombergi.
Rodolphia hombergi Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911. p. 92.
BTadagascar.
NOVTTATES ZOOIOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
71
Gen. Aenigmina.
Aenigmina Le Cerf., Butt. Soc. Enl. Ft. 1912. p. 291
* Aenigmina aenea.
Aenigmina aenea Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912. p. 291.
Aenigmina aenea var. latimargo Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912. p. 292.
" Germ. E. Africa."
Type.
aenem
Gen. Conopia.
Conopia Hiibn., Verz. p. 129 (1827)
Teinotarsina Feld., Reis. Nov. p. 9 (1874) .....
Ichneumenoptera Hrapsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 194 (1893) .
Vespamima Beutenm., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vli. p. 87 (1894)
Palmia Beutenm., Bnll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 123 (1896) .
Sanninoidea Beutenm., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 126 (1896)
Camaegeria Strand. Arch. Naturg. Ixxx. A. 1. p. 48 (March 1914)
Leptacgeria Le Cerf, Oberth., St. Lep. Comp. siv. p. 281 (1917) .
Stenosphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 285 (1917) .
Osminia Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 327 (1917)
Type.
stomoxyformis
longipes
auripes
sequoiae
praecedens
exitioaa
auripicta
flavacastanea
columbica
ferruginea
(1) Conopia auriplena.
t Aegeria auriplena Wlk., xxxi. 13 (1864).
Synanthedon subauratus Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 378 f. 3156 (1916) ; id. I.e.
xiv. p. 295.
Celebes ; IT. Guinea.
(2) * Conopia phasiaeformis.
Aegeria phasiaeformis Feld., Sitz. Akad. Wiss. xUii. p. 26 (1861).
Amboina.
(3) Conopia chrysophanes.
S,esia chrysophanes Meyr., P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) i. p. 689 (1886).
Queensland.
(4) Conopia panyasis.
t Aegeria panyasis Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 201 (1899) cJ.
t Aegeria caieta Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 202 (1899) $.
Queensland ; bred from Alphiionia excelsa by Mr. Dodd.
Differs from C. chrysophanes in the markings being yellow instead of deep
orange.
(5) t Conopia melanocera n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metallic steel-blue, the
neck with chrome yellow ring, the patagia edged with yellow, the abdomen
with some yellow at base, a ring on 2nd segment and rather diffused bands
on 4th, 5th, and 7th segments, the anal tuft with yellow streak at sides
and yellow sublateral streaks ; antennae without white towards tips ; frons
with white lines at sides ; palpi yellow with some black at side of 2nd joint
towards extremity and on 3rd joint ; pectus with yellow patches at sides ;
forelegs yellow ; mid legs yellow mixed with some purple-brown ; hind legs
black glossed with metallic blue with some yellow on inner side and with the
72 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
tufts of hair at the spurs and extremities of tarsal joints yellow ; ventral surface
of abdomen with purple-brown patch on 2nd and 3rd segment, and spots on
'5th, 6th, and 7th segments. Forewng hyaline, the veins and margins blacli
glossed with metallic blue except on the terminal band, which is broad, and
with yellow streaks in the interspaces to vein 3, its inner edge slightly waved
and indented by a hyaline streak above vein 8 ; the discoidal bar rather strong ;
cilia cupreous brown. Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly
black ; the hair on inner margin yellow ; cilia brown. Underside of forewing
wth shght yellow streaks on costa and subcostal nervure to end of cell and
the yellow on terminal area stronger ; hindwing with yellow streak on costa
to near apex.
Ab. 1. Abdomen with the streaks at sides of anal tuft orange, and the
yellow bands reduced.
?. Thorax with the markings deep orange, the metathorax defined by a
curved orange band, abdomen deep orange with black segmental bands glossed
with metaUic blue, the anal tuft orange with streaks at sides and the tips black ;
palpi, lateral patches on pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen orange, the
femora blue-black above, and the tarsi with some blue-black ; forewing -wdth
some orange at base of median nervure and inner margin, the streaks en
terminal area orange, the hyaline streaks all short ; hindwing with the hair
on inner margin orange ; underside with the streaks orange.
Queensland, Kuranda (Dodd), 3 3, Johnson R. (Dodd) 2 (J, 1 ? type, bred
from a soft-wooded tree, Walsingham Coll. Exp. 20 mill.
The male differs from the same sex of C. chrysophanes Meyr. in the antennae
not being white towards tips and the female in having short hyaUne streaks,
beyond the cell of forewing.
(6) * Conopia auritincta.
f Conopia auritincta Wileman, Entom. li. p. 169 (1918).
Formosa.
(7) Conopia flava.
f Aegeria flava Moore, Lep, All:, p. 8 (1879) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 197.
t Aegeria calamis Dnice, A.M.N. H. (7) iv. p. 201 (1899).
Sikhim ; Bnrma ; Ferak ; Java ; Celebes.
(8) Conopia flavipalpus.
f Ichneumenoptera flavipalpus Hmpsn., Moth Ind. i. p. 195 (1893).
Bengal.
(9) Conopia flavicincta.
t Ichneumenoptera flavicincta Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 195 (1893).
Assam, Khasis ; Burma, Maymyo, Tenasserim.
(10) Conopia xanthosoma.
t Ichneumenoptera xanthoeoma Hmpsn., Moth Ind. i. p. 195 (1903).
Burma, Tenasserim.
(11) * Conopia quercus.
Sesia quercus Mat«., Thousand Ina. Jap. Sup^pl. iii. p. 86. pi. 36. f. 17 (1911).
Synanthedon nihonica Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 388. pi. 50. g. (1912).
Japan.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 73
(12) * Conopia simois.
t Aegeria simois Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 201 (1899).
IT. Borneo.
(13) Conopia pensilis.
t Aegeria pensilis Swinh., Cat. Bet. Mils. Oxon. i. p. 36 (1892).
Ceylon ; Snla.
(14) Conopia xanthosticta.
t Seaia xanthosticta Hmpsn., Moth Ind. i. p. 197 (1893).
Kashmir ; Fnnjab ; Balnchistan.
(15) Conopia unicincta.
t Sesia unicincta Hmpsn., Motfis Ind. i. p. 196 (1893).
Burma, Karen Hills.
(16) Conopia pentazona.
t Sesia pentazona Meyr., Exot. Micr. ii. p. 180 (1918).
Assam, Khasis.
(17) t * Conopia aurifera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the frons white at sides, the neck
with orange ring, the shoulders with some orange, the abdomen with orange
segmental lines on each segment, the anal tuft orange at middle and sides ;
antennae below except at tips and palpi orange ; pectus and legs orange, the
femora above and hind tibiae with band near extremity black ; ventral surface
of abdomen orange with black segmental lines and broader bands on 3rd and
6th segments. Forewing orange hyaUne, the veins and margins black, the
costal fascia rather broadly black ; a black discoidal bar defined on outer side
by fiery orange ; a sUght orange streak above inner margin to end of cell. Hind-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; some orange on inner side
of the black terminal line ; cilia cupreous brown. Underside of forewing with
orange streaks on subcostal and median nervures, the interspaces of terminal
area golden orange ; hindwing with orange streak on costa to near apex.
Assam, Khasis, type $ in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 16 mill.
(18) ? * Conopia longipes.
t Sesia longipes Feld., Sitz. Ak. Wiss. xliii. p. 26 (1861) ; id. Reis. Nov. pi. 75. f. 2.
Amboina; Ternate. In the type and another specimen from the Felder
Coll. the hind legs are wanting and legs of Aegeria apiformis stuck on, the abdomen
has that of another species — probably Euhlepharis rubricincta — stuck on ; the
hindwing has the discocellulars present.
(19) ? * Conopia rubripes.
t Sesia rubripes Pag., Zoologica, xxix. p. 22 (1900).
Bismarck Arch. In the type and another specimen from Coll. Ribbe the
hind tarsi are wanting.
(20) * Conopia chalybea.
t Aegeria chalyhea Wlk., Joum. Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 82 (1862).
Borneo, Sarawak.
•J^ NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIC&E XXVI. 1919.
(21) * Conopia versicolor.
Synanthedon versicolor Le Ceri, Oberth. it. Up. Comip. xii. i. pi. 378. f. 3167 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 296.
Siuuatra.
(22) * Conopia rhodothictis.
t Sesia rhodothictis Meyr., Exot. Micr. ii. p. 179 (1918).
Assam Khasis.
(23) t * Conopia opalizans n. sp.
<J. Head and thorax black glossed with purple, the neck with yellow ring,
the patagia edged with yellow, the metathorax defined in front by a curved
yellow band ; abdomen yellow with black bands, obsolescent except on the
two terminal segments, the anal tuft orange and black ; antennae with the
basal joint yellow ; frons white at sides and below ; palpi, pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen yellow, the tibiae and tarsi fulvous yellow, the mid
femora blue-black above. Forewing yellowsh hyaline with an opalescent gloss,
the veins and margins black glossed with purple ; the discoidal bar strong ; the
terminal band broad with some orange scales in the interspaces especially to-
wards apex, its inner edge obUque and indented by a hyaUne streak between
veins 7 and 8. Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly black, the
hair on inner margin yellow. Underside of forewing with shght yellow streak
on and below costa to end of cell, and more yellow below costa towards apex
and before termen ; hindwing with the costa yellow with some black scales on it.
Snla Mangoli (Doherty) type S in Coll. Rothschild. Ex'p. 26 mill.
(24) Conopia ignif era.
■f Ichnmmeiuyptera ignifera Hmpsn., Moth. Ind. i. p. 195 (1893).
Assam, Khasis, in Coll. Rothschild ; Burma, Karen Hills.
(25) t Conopia ignicauda n. sp.
S. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with steel-blue, the neck with
whitish ring, the shoulders w-ith yellow bars, the abdomen with some yellow
at base, narrow bands on 2nd, 4th, and 6th segments and at extremity, the
anal tuft fiery red, blue-black at sides ; palpi yellow, with some blackish
towards tips ; pectus yellow ; legs, blackish banded with yellow ; ventral sur-
face of abdomen with yellow bands on four terminal segments. Forewing
hyaUne, the veins and margins black with a greenish gloss, the discoidal bar,
costa, and termen rather broadly dark, the last with its inner edge sHghtly
indented by a hyaUne streak between veins 7 and 8. Hindwing hyaUne, the
veins and margins narrowly black. Underside of forewing with some yellow
on costa to end of cell, on outer edge of the discoidal bar, and in the interspaces
of terminal area except towards tornus ; hindwing with the costa yellow to
near apex.
Fanjab, Simla, in Coll. Rothschild ; Up. Burma, Chindwin, Kalewa (Wat-
son), 1 (J type. Exp. 18 mill.
NovrTATia Zoolooicae XXVI. 1919. 76
(26) * Conopia velox.
Sesiavdox Fixsen, Rom. Mtm. iii. p. 323. pi. 15. f. 5 (1887) ; Bartel, Seitz, Gt. Schm. pcU. ii. p.
388. pi. 51. c.
Corea.
(27) * Conopia concavilascia,
Synanthedon concavifascia he Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Camp. xii. i. pi, 380. f, 3180 (1916) ; id. I.e.
xiv. p. 313.
Java.
(28) * Conopia gabuna.
Stsia gabuna Beutemn., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. vu. p. 170 (1899).
Gaboon;
(29) Conopia gracilis.
t Ichneumenoplera gracilia Hmpsn., A.M.N. H. (8) vi. p. 155 (1910).
Cameroons.
(30) * Conopia nuba.
Stsia nuba Beutenm., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 172 (1899).
Gaboon.
(31) * Conopia anisozona.
t Sesia anisozana Meyr. Exot. Micr, li. p. 180 (1918).
Burma, Koni.
(32) Conopia flavicaudata.
t Aegeria flavicaudatayioore, Lep. Geyl- iii. p. 559. pi. 211. f. 12 (1887) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 197.
Ceylon.
(33) Conopia houQua.
t Aegeria howqua Moore, A.M.N.H. (4) xx. p. 83 (1877).
C. China.
(34) Conopia hector.
t Aegeria hector Butl., 111. Lep. Het. B.M. ii. p. 60. pi. xl. f. 4 (1878) ; Bartel, Saitz, Or. Schm. pal.
ii. p. 383. pi. 51. d ; Mats. Thousand Ins. Jap. Suppl. iii. pi. 36. f. 17.
JapEin.
(35) Conopia unocingulata.
t Synanthedon unocingulata Bartel, Seitz, Or. Schm. pal. ii. p. 383. pi. 51. d. (1912).
Japan.
(36) Canopia tenuis.
t Aegeria tenuis Butl., III. Lep. Het. B.M. ii. p. 60. pi. xl. f. 8 (1878) ; Bartel, Seitz, Or. Schm. pal.
ii. p. 383. pi. 51. c,
Japan.
(37) Conopia cenilipes.
t Ichneumenoplera cerulipes Hmpan., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 43 (1900).
SikKim.
(38) * Conopia tenuiventris.
Synanthedon tenuiventris Le Cerf, Oberth. it. Lep. Camp. xu. i. pi. 379. f. 3170 (1916) ; id. l.c. xir.
p. 314.
Java.
7g NOVITATKS ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
(39) Conopia fiavipectus.
■\ Ichneumenoptera flavipectut HmpBn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 155 (1910).
Gold Coast.
(40) * Conopia maculiventris.
Synamhedon maculiventris Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 378. f. 3168 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 304.
Cameroons.
(41) * Conopia javana.
Synamhedon javanue Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 380. I. 3181 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 305.
Java.
(42) * Conopia tricincta.
Aegtria tricincta Moore, L-p. Atk. p. 8 (1879) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 197.
Siiliim.
(43) * Conopia auripes.
•f Ichneumenoptera atinpcs Hmpsn. . Mollis Ind. i. p. 194 (1893).
Assam ; Burma.
(44) * Conopia iris.
Synamhedon iris he Cerf, Oberth. £i. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 378. f. 3169 (1916^ ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 308.
Cameroons.
(45) Conopia cyanescens.
t Ichneumenoptera cyanescens Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 505. pi. xii f. 10,
Congo, Katanga ; IT. E. Rhodesia.
(46) Canopia monozona,
t Algeria monozona Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 156 (1910),
Cape Colony.
(47) Conopia platyiiriformis.
■f Aegeria platyuriformis Wlk., viii. 57 (1856).
Cape Colony (ncjt Natal as stated by Walker).
(48) * Conopia albiventris.
Setia albiventris Beutenm., J.N.T. Ent. Soc. vii. p. 171 (1899).
Gaboon.
(49) * Conopia leucogaster n. n.
Ichneumenoptera albiventris Le Cerf, Oberth. jSt. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 318. pi. 478. f, 3948 (1917)
me Beutenm. 1899.
Gaboon.
(50) * Conopia olenda.
Sesia olenda Beutenm., J.N.T. Em. Soc. vii. p. 171 (1899).
Gaboon.
(51) * ? Conopia pauper.
Sylphidia pauper Le Cerf, Oberth. £{. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 380 f. 3183 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 350.
Cameroons.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 77
(52) * Conopia clavicomis.
f Aegeria clavicomis Wlk., xxxi. 14 (1864).
Batchian.
Species auclorum..
Sesia setodiformis Mab., Bull. Soc. Ent. Ft. 1891. p. 174 Malafascar
Sesia? xanthopyga Auriv., Ark. f. Zool. ii. 12. p. 45 (1905) .... CameiOOns
Sesia? donkieri Le Ceri, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912. p. 55. fig Madagascar
Aegeria? alenicola Strand, Arch. Naturg. kxviii. A. 12. p. 67(1913) . . . Caneroonj
Aegeria? guineabia Strand, Arch. Naturg. Ixxviii. A. 12. p. 68 (1913) . Spanish Guinea
Sesia auronitem Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913. p. 212. fig Gaboon
Gen. Hymenosphecia.
Type.
Hymenosphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. £!t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 284 (1917) .... albomaciUala
* Hymenospechecia albomaculata.
Hymenosphecia albomaculata Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lip. Comp. xiv, p, 284. pL 479. f. 3957 (1917).
Uganda.
Gen. Vespanthedon.
Type.
Vespanthedon Le Cerf, Oberth. St, Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 329 (1917) .... cerceria
* Vespanthedon cerceris.
Vespanthedon cerceris Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 330. pL 479. f. 3955 (1917).
Mozambique.
Gen. Sphecosesia.
Type.
Sphecosesia Hmpsn., J. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc, xx. p. 93 (1910) pedunculata
(1) Sphecosesia pedunculata.
t Sphecosesia pedunculata Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xx. p. 93. pL F. f. 14 (June 1910).
SiUiim.
(2) t Sphecosesia aterea n. sp.
S. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the frons silvery white at sides and
above, the genae, tegulao at sides, and a narrow band behind them yellow, the
abdomen with slight lateral tufts of yellow scales at base, the base of the peduncu-
late segment pale, the 4th segment with yellow segmental line ; palpi yellow
with tuft of black scales at base of 2nd joint ; pectus with yellow patches at
sides ; the coxae and femora mostly yellow, the tibiae yellow below and with
slight tufts of spinous yellow hair at middle and extremities ; ventral surface
of abdomen with the pedunculate segment pale, the 4th and 5th with yellow
bands. Forewing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly black, the costal area
black with a purplish gloss ; a black streak in end of cell ; the interspaces of
terminalarea with wedge-shaped black -brown streaks ; cilia black -brown. Hind-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black, the ciUa black-brown.
Hob. Fhilippines, Mindanao, Davao (Baker) 1 cj type. Exp. 22 mill.
(3) Sphecosesia brachyptera n. n.
t Ichneumenoptera pedunculata Hmpsn., A.M.N. H. (8) vi. p. 155 (Aug. 1910),
Gold Coast.
78 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Gen. Alonina.
Type.
Alonina Wlk., viii 62 (1858) rhynchiiformis
Cicinoicelis HoU., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. i. p. 182 (1894) longipes
( 1 ) Alonina rhynchiiformis.
t Alonina rygchiijormia (sic) Wlk., viii. 63 (1856).
ITatal.
(2) f Alonina difEormis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with bright rufous, the
anal tuft fiery red mth some dark-brovsTi hair at sides ; antennae and palpi
rufous ; pectus and femora black, the fore and mid tibiae and tarsi orange-fulvous,
the hind tibiae black, the extremity and tarsi fulvous, the spurs white. Forewing
yellow-hyaUne, the veins, margins, and a discoidal bar cupreous rufous, the
narrow terminal band expanding slightly on apical area ; a fine black terminal
fine ; ciUa grey-brown. Hind^^^ng yellow-hyaline, the veins rufous, black on
inner area, the termen black with some rufous scales to vein 2.
?. Antennae fiery rufous, browTiish towards base ; abdomen black-brown
with leaden grey dorsal line, and the anal segment sufiused with leaden grey, the
anal tuft black-brown, fiery rufous at middle. Forewing golden orange, the
basal area sufiused with black extending on costa to middle, the inner margin
narrowly black ; a rather broad black -brown terminal band expanding some-
what toward apex. Hinch\ing yellowish hyaUne, the veins and margins
narrowly black, the basal area sufiused with black with some orange beyond
it in and beyond end of cell, the veins beyond the cell yellow to near termen.
Eab. Natal, Durban (Millar) 2 <?, 1 $ type. Exf. <J 44, ? 48 mill.
(3) * Alonina longipes.
t Cicinoscdis longipes HoU., J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. i. p. 183 (1894).
Gaboon.
Gen. Megalosphecia.
Type.
Megalosphecia Le Ceri, Oberth. £t. Lip. Camp. xiv. p. 359 (1917) .... gigantipes
(1) t Megalosphecia callosoma n. sp.
?. Head and tegulae fulvous red, the back of head and tegulae in front
brown, glossed with leaden grey ; thorax brown glossed with leaden grey, the
dorsum and upper edge of patagia with crimson-red streaks and the metathorax
edged with crimson-red, tufts of ochreous white hair behind the patagia ; abdomen
with the basal segment black with tufts of yellow-tipped hair and yellow
segmental Une, the other segments banded black and crimson-red with yellow
segmental lines, prominent on 2nd and 3rd segments and slight on the three
following segments, the anal segment fulvous red ; pectus and ventral surface
of abdomen except the anal segment black ; fore legs fulvous red with the coxae
black on inner side, the mid legs fulvous red, the hind legs with the coxae fulvous
red, the femora black, the tibiae black with some yellow near base and fulvous
red streak on outer side, the tarsi with the 1st joint fulvous red, the others pale
yellow. Forewing hyaHne, the veins leaden black and fiery red ; the costal
area leaden black with the costal edge fiery red to end of cell ; fiery red streaks
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 79
below subcostal and above median neivures, the former expanding into a spot in
middle of cell ; discoidal bar black defined by fiery red, strongly on inner side ;
a fiery red fascia beyond the cell below the costa and a fiery red streak above
inner margin ; the termen and cilia black-brown. Hind\\'ing hyaline, the veins
and margin narrowly black. Underside of forewing with the costal area, the
veins to beyond the cell, and inner margin fiery red ; hindwing with the costa
and veins limiting the cell fiery red.
N. W. Rhodesia, Mwengwa (Dollman) 1 $ type, Kashitu 1 $ in Coll. DoUman.
Exp. 40 mill.
(2) * Megalosphecia gigantipes.
Megalosphecia gigantipes Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 381. f. 3192 (1916) ; id. Lc.
xW. p. 360.
Megalosphecia gigantipes var. obscura Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xii. 1. pi. 381, £. 3191 (1916) ;
id. l.c. xiv. p. 361.
Cameroons.
Gen. Toleria.
Type.
Toleria Wit., xxxi. 19 (1864) abiaeformU
(1) Toleria sinensis.
t Sphecia sinensis W\k., xxxi i (1864).
Hong Kong.
(2) Toleria abiaeformis.
t Toleria aliaeformis Wlk., sxxi. 20 (1864) .
N. China.
Gen. Dasysphecia nov.
Type, D. bombiformie.
Proboscis absent ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching to vertex of
head and fringed with long hair in front, the 3rd rather long, acuminate and
slightly hairy ; frons with rounded prominence ; eyes smooth eUiptical ; antennae
of female almost simple, dilated towards extremity, and ending in a tuft of hair ;
build stout ; thorax and abdomen clothed with long rough hair, the latter short ;
tibiae dotted with long hair, the tarsi with slight tufts of hair at the joints. Fore-
wing narrow towards base, expanding towards extremity, the apex rounded ;
vein 2from well before angle of cell ; 3 from just before angle ; 5, 6 well separated;
7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9, 10, 11 from cell. Hind-«ing with vein 2 from
well before angle of cell ; 3 and 5 moderately stalked , 4 absent ; 6 from below
upper angle of cell ; 7 from angle ; 8 concealed in a fold.
Dasysphecia bombiformis.
t Sphecia bombiformis Roths., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 45 (1911) and xix. pi. iv. f. 30.
Assam, Khasis.
Gen. Aegerosphecia.
Type.
Aegerosphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 363 (1917) .... caUiptera
(1) Aegerosphecia romanovi.
t Sphecia romanovi Leech, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 591. pi. 30. f. 1 ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii,
pi. 51. a ; Mats, Thoiuand Ins, Jap, Suppl, L pL 34, i, 1.
Japan.
80 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
(2) * Aegerosphecia calliptera.
Aegerosphecia calliptera Le Cerf, Oberth. ^t. Lip. Comp. xii i. pi. 381. f. 3193 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 364.
IXoInccas, Batchian.
(3) * Aegerosphecia fulviventris.
Aegerosphecia fulviventris Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 381. f. 3194 (1916); id. I.e.
xiv. p. 365.
Sntch IT. Guinea.
(4) * Aegerosphecia fasciata.
t Mdittia fasciata Wlk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 83 (1862),
Fadang ; Borneo.
(5) * Aegerosphecia mysolica.
t Mdittia mysolica Wlk., xxxi. 18 (1864).
SCysol.
(6) t * Aegerosphecia cyanea n. sp.
2. Head and tegulae orange, the vertex of head black glossed with blue ;
thorax and abdomen black glossed with metalUc blue ; antennae black, rufous
below ; palpi orange with some black scales at base, pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen black glossed with blue. Forewing uniform black strongly
glossed with metallic blue. Hindwing hyahne, the veins, inner margin, and
termen narrowly, the costal area, cell, and a small patch beyond it black glossed
with metallic blue.
S. Celebes, Samanga (Friihstorfer) type ? in Coll. Eothschild. Exp. 42 mill.
Gen. Sphecia.
Type.
Sphecia Hubn., Verz. p. 127 (1827) erabroniformis
Sphecodoptera Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 189 (1893) repanda
(1) Sphecia ignicollis.
■f Trochilium ignicolle Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 189 (1893).
Pnnjab.
(2) * Sphecia oberthuri.
Sphecia oberthuri Le CeTi,Bua. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914. p. 422 ; id. Oberth. 6t. Up, Comp. xii, i. pi. 380.
f. 3188 ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 362.
W. China.
(3) * Sphecia gloriosa.
Sphecia gloriosa Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914. p. 421. ; id. Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp, xiv, p. 363.
Sphecia mandarina Le Cerf, Oberth. it. Lip. Comp. xa. i. pi. 381. f. 3190 (1916).
W. China.
(4) Sphecia flavicoUis.
■j- Sphecodoptera flavicoUis Hmpsn., Moths Ind. I p. 190 (1893).
Kashmir.
N0VITATE8 ZOOLOCICAB XXVI. 1919. 81
(5) Sphecia repanda.
t Sphecia repanda Wlk., viii. 11 (1856) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 189. fig.
Fnnjab.
(6) t Sphecia asamaensis n. sp.
$. Head and tegulae ochreous yellow tinged with fulvous, the sides of frona
white, the antennae brown, rufous below ; thorax and abdomen dark brown
glossed with leaden grey, rufous streaks above extremities of patagia and some
rufous hair at sides of metathorax, the abdomen with narrow fulvous-yellow
band just behind the 2nd segment and diffused bands on two terminal
segments, the anal tuft fulvous yellow, legs mostly fulvous yellow, the fore coxae
rufous on outer side. Forewing hyaline yellow, the veins and margins reddish
brown glossed with leaden grey, the discoidal bar and a diffused fascia below
the costa beyond the cell rufous. Hindwing hyaline yellow, the veins and margins
narrowly reddish brown.
Japan, Hondo, Oiwake (Pryer) 1 $ type. Exp. 36 mill.
Gen. Aegeria.
Type.
Aegeria Fabr., III. Mag. vi. p. 288 (1807) apifurmia
TrochUium Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat. p. 414 (1777) no type ; Oken, Lehrh. Naturg. p. 745
(1815) apiformis
(1) Aegeria ommatiaeformis.
t TrochUium ommatiaeformis Moore, Ind. Museum Notes, ii. p. 16 (1891) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i.
p. 189. fig.
Balnchistan.
(2) t Aegeria yezoensis n. sp.
$. Head and tegulaefulvousyellow, some white at back of head, the antennae
red -brown, yellow above towards base, the palpi yellow, the hair fringing the
1st joint fulvous ; thorax and abdomen dark red-brown glossed with leaden grey,
the latter wth broad yellow band on 3rd segment and the three terminal seg-
ments suffused with yellow ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen red-
brown, the fore coxae rufous on outer side, the tibiae and tarsi fulvous yellow,
the hind tibiae fringed with red-brown hair on inner side except towards base,
the three terminal segments of abdomen suffused with fulvous yellow. Forewing
hyaline yellow, the veins and margins red-brown glossed with silvery grey, the
base darker brown ; a cupreous streak above inner margin ; a rather diffused
fulvous discoidal bar and some fulvous below costa towards apex. Hindwing
hyaUne yelkw, the veins and margins narrowly red-brown.
Hah. Japan, Yezo (Pryer) 2 $ type. Exf. 48-50 mill. In a specimen from
Hakodate, Cell. Wileman, vein 4 on each forewing anastomoses with 5 for some
distance.
(3) Aegeria rhynchioides.
t Sphecia rhynchioides Butl., Trav^, Ent. Soc. 1881. p. 389 ; Bartel, Seitz, Or, Schm. pal. ii. p. 378.
pi. 50. m.
Japan, Tokio.
6
82 NOVITATIS ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
(4) Aegeria scribal.
Sphecia scribai Bartel, Seitz, Or. Schm. pal. ii. p. 379. pi. 50. m (1912).
Japan, Yokohama.
(5) f Aegeria molybdoceps n. sp.
?. Head dark leaden grey with some yellow hair behind, the antennae
dark bro'wn, yellow above towards base, the sides of frons and palpi yellow, the
latter with some fulvous and black hair in front of basal joint ; thorax dark
brown glossed with leaden grey, the outer edge of tegulae and upper edge of
patagia yellow, the metathorax vnth some yellow hair ; abdomen dark brown,
a yellow band on basal segment, diffused fiery-red bands on 2nd and 3rd
segments, and fvdvous-yellow bands on the four terminal segments ; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen red-brown, the fore coxae and femora above
yellow, the tibiae and tarsi suffused with fulvous yellow, the hind tibiae fiery
rufous on outer side and black -brown on inner towards extremity, the ventral
surface of abdomen with broad fulvous-yellow bands on each segment. Forewing
hyaline yellow, the veins and margins rufous with a slight silvery gloss ; the
discoidal bar fiery orange ; a slight orange streak below postmedial part of
costa, the apical area rufous below costa, the interspaces of terminal area with
wedge-shaped rufous marks. Hindwing hyaline yellow, the veins and margins
narrowly red-brown.
Japan, Yokohama (Pryer) 6 ? type. Exp. 42-46 mill.
(6) t * Aegeria chrysoptera n. sp.
?. Head black with some yellow behind and the frons yellow, the antennae
cupreous red, the palpi yellow, the 1st joint fringed with black scales in front ;
thorax bright rufous, the patagia at extremity black edged with yellow ; abdomen
with the 1st segment and the 2nd except at extremity bright rufous with
some black hair at base, the extremity of 2nd segment and the 3rd black,
the 4th segment fulvous yellow and the three terminal segments fulvous with
black segmental lines ; pectus and legs fulvous, the pectus with yellow patches
below base of forewings, the hind tibiae fringed with black scales below and
above towards extremity ; ventral surface of abdomen brown. Forewing
golden yellow with some black scales on the veins and margins, the costa and a
rounded apical patch black. Hindwing hyahne yellow, the terminal area suffused
with golden yellow from vein 3 to near tornus ; the veins and margins with some
black scales and the basal area below submedian fold black.
Ceylon, Kandy, type ? in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 40 mill. The specimen
was received from Rolle of Berlin.
Species auctorum.
Trochiliam cUenicum Strand, Arch. Naturg. Ixxviii. A. 12. p. 70 (1913) . . . CameiOOns
Gen. Metasphecia.
Trp«.
Mttaaphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. £(. Lip. Oomp. xiv. p. 335 (1917) .... vuiUtIi
* Metasphecia vuilleti.
Metcuphecia vuilleti Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 335. pi. 479 f, 3949 (1917).
Sentgal.
NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919. 83
Gen. Glossosphecia nov.
Type, 0. coTUaminata,
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the 1st joint fringed with long
scales in front, the 2nd with moderate scales and tapering to extremity, the
third acuminate at tip ; irons smooth ; eyes large, elliptical ; antennae of female
almost simple, stout, dilated towards extremity where there is a minute tuft of
hair ; the fore tibiae on outer side and the mid and hind tibiae above moderately
scaled ; abdomen smoothly scaled, somewhat constricted towards base and
tapering to a point at extremity. Forewing ^nth the costa arched towards apex,
which is rounded, the termen evenly curved ; veins 2 to 6 well separated and
4 to 6 curved downwards ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9, 10, 11 from cell and approximated.
Hindwing mth the lower discocellular inwardly oblique ; veins 3 and 5 from
a point, 4 absent ; 6 from above middle of discocellular ; 7 from upper angle ;
8 concealed in a fold.
Glossosphecia contaminata.
t Sphecia contaminata Butl., ///. Hel. B.M. ii. p. 59. pi. xl. f. 2 (1878) ; Bartel, Seitz, Qr. Schm. ii.
p. 378. pi. 51 b. ; Mats. Thousand Ins. Jap. Suppl. iii. pi. 34. £. 2.
Japan, Yokohama.
Gen. Callisphecia.
Type.
Callisphecia Le Ceri, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 367 (1917) .... oberlhuri
* Callisphecia oberthiiri.
Callisphecia oberthiiri Le Ceri, Oberth. ^t. Lep. Comp. xiii. pi. 380. f. 3187 (1916) ; id. he xiv.
p. 367.
Cameroons.
Gen. Trilochana.
Type.
Trilochana Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 9 (1879) ecolioides
Scoliomima Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885. p. 371 . iiisignis
(1) Trilochana scolioides.
Trilodiana scolioides Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 10. pi. ii, £, 2 (1879) ; Hmpsn, Moths Ind, i, p. 191.
Si^him.
(2) * Trilochana oberthiiri.
Trilochana oberthiiri Le Ceri, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 353. fig. U. o. pi, 480. f. 3963 (1917).
Trilochana oberthiiri var, boulleti Le Ceri, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp, xiv. p. 353, f. 14. B, (1917).
Java.
(3) Trilochana insignis.
t Scoliomima insignis Butl., Trans, Ent, Soc, 1888, p, 371. pi, x, £, 10.
IT. Borneo.
(4) I Trilochana chalciptera n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with blue, the frons white at
sides, the palpi chrome-yellow with some black towards base and black tips,
some yellow scales near and on base of antennae, the tegulae chrome-yellow, some
yellow hairs on metathorax above the patagia, the abdomen with slight yeUow
84 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. IfllO.
band at base of 4th segment, the anal tuft yellow at sides ; mid tibiae with
a few yellow hairs at middle, the hind tibiae with some white hairs at middle and
extremity, the tarsi yellow towards extremities. Forewing semihyaline cupreous
broA\Ti, the costal area black, narrowing to a point before apex, the inner margin
black, broadly at base ; a short hyaline streak below the cell near base. Hind-
■wing semihyaline cupreous brown, the inner margin and cilia black -brown ; a
wedge-shaped hyaline patch below base of cell and the inner area from vein 1 to
near the margin hyaline. Underside of forewing with the base of costa chrome-
yellow.
Uadras, Palni Hills (Campbell), 1 o type. Exp. 54 mill.
Gen. Macroscelesia nov.
Type, if, longipea.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, extending to above vertex of
head and clothed with scales and some spinous hair, the 1st and 2nd joints
with rather long hair in front, the third acuminate ; frons smooth, with ridge of
hair above ; eyes large, elliptical ; antennae of male wth strong fascicles of
cilia, dilated towards extremity and ending in a small tuft of bristles ; abdomen
without crests ; fore and mid tibiae clothed with scales and spinous hair, the
mid tarsi with small tufts of hair above on the joints, the hind tibiae very strongly
tufted with hair and elongate scales, the tarsi very long with small tufts of
hair-like scales at the joints, stronger towards extremity, the 1st joint strongly
tufted with hair and scales. Forewing very narrow, the apex rounded, the
termen evenly curved ; veins 2 to 6 separate ; 7, 8 stalked ; 9 to 11 separate.
Hindwng with vein 3 from well before end of cell and nearer 2 than 5, 4 absent ;
6 from middle of discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed in a fold .
Macroscelesia longipes.
t Mdittia longipes Moore, A.M.N.H. (4) xx. p. 84 (18771.
C. China.
Gen. Melittia.
ileliUia HUbn., Verz. p. 128 (1827)
Eumallopoda Wllgm.. Oe/v. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Fork. 1858. p. 84 .
Parana Wllgm., Wien. Enl. Mon. vii. p. 137 (1863) nee Moore, Lep. 1859
Pansa Wllgm., Kongl. Svensk.'Akad. Handl. v. 4. p. 9 (1865)
Desmopoda Feld., Heis. Nov. p. 4 (1874) non descr. ....
Eublepharis Feld., Reis. Nov. p. 4 (1874) non descr. ....
Type.
bomhylijormia
laniremis
aure^jsqua-mnta
a ureosquamala
bombyjonnis
ruficincta
Sect. I. Vertex of head clothed with long hair projecting forward between
the. antennae.
(1) * Melittia haematopis.
t Melittia haematopis Fawcett, P.Z.S. 1916. p. 736. pi. 1. f. 1.
Br. E. Africa.
(2) t Melittia pyropis n. sp.
$. Head black -brown mixed with white, the frons white, the antennae black
with a bluish gloss, the palpi white, the 3rd joint with some black hairs in front ;
thorax and two basal segments of abdomen olive-fulvous, the rest of abdomen
black -brown with creamy white segmental lines, the 3rd and 4th segments
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 86
strongly irrorated with rufous, the 5th with broad creamy white band ; pectus
and ventral surface of abdomen white ; legs black and white, the fore tibiae with
a little rufous on outer side, the mid tibiae with some rufous, the hind tibiae and
tarsi rufous mixed with some black on outer side with two patches of wliite on
the tibiae and one on the tarsi, the hair and scales on the inner side of the tibiae
and tarsi black-brown. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins black tinged
with grey, the median nervure, inner margin, and veins beyond the cell irrorated
with fulvous ; the discoidal spot strong, black defined on each side by fiery
rufous ; the terminal band expanding towards apex and irrorated except at
termen with fulvous and whitish. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins
black ; a few fulvous scales at upper angle of cell ; the inner area orange fulvous ;
cilia grey-brown. Underside of forewing with some fulvous on costa towards
base and a whitish fascia below costa to beyond middle ; hindwing with some
fulvous on costa and median nervure to end of cell and on vein 1, the lobed inner
area orange fulvous as above.
Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ? type ; Hatal, in Mus. Oxon.
Exp. 42 mill.
(3) Melittia oedipus.
Mdillia oedipus Oberth., 6t. Ent. iii. p. 30. pi. iii. f. 1 (1878).
Melittia ignidiscata Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 597. pi. xli. f. 19.
Melittia oedipoides. Strand, Arch. f. Naturg. Ixxviii. A. 12. p. 68 (1913).
Spanish Gninea ; Zanzibar ; Br. C. A&ica ; IT.E. Rhodesia ; Mashonaland ;
S. Rhodesia ; Transvaal.
(4) t Melittia endoxantha n. sp.
?. Head white and fulvous yellow with the hair on vertex mostly black, the
antennae black with two series of white points above, the frons whitish, the palpi
white with some blackish and yellowish hair in front ; thorax olive-fulvous with
some blackish scales on shoulders ; abdomen black-brown mixed with orange-
fulvous, some orange-yellow hair at base of sides and whitish segmental lines ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen creamy white, the forelegs with some
black on femora and tibiae above, the mid legs with the femora blackish above,
the tibiae clothed with orange-fulvous and some black hair above and with black
patches at base and extremity, the tarsi black and white with the hair on basal
joint creamy white and fulvous, the hind legs with the femora black, the hair on
tibiae fulvous and black with patches of white at middle and extremity, the tarsi
with the hair fulvous and white on basal joint, mostly black on inner side and
towards extremity. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins black mixed with
grey ; some fulvous scales above inner margin and defining the discoidal bar on
inner and outer sides ; the terminal band expanding widely on apical area, defined
on inner side by fulvous scales and irrorated with blue-white before termen ;
cilia pale cinnamon-brown. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black ; the lobed inner margin orange-yellow and some yellow on lower disco-
cellular and base of vein 6 ; cilia pale cinnamon-brown. Underside of forewing
with pale yellow streak below costa to beyond middle, the hindwing with some
orange-fulvous at base of costa.
" Genu. E. Africa," Usangu Distr. (Neave), 1 ? type ; Portugese E. Africa,
in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 34 mill.
86 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
(5) t Melittia chrysobapta n. sp.
(J. Head with the vertex clothed wth golden ohve and black hair, the frons
yellowish white, the antennae with some white scales above, deep red in front ;
thorax golden oUve, with tufts of yellow hair behind the patagia ; abdomen \\ith
the two basal segments golden yellow, the other segments black clothed with
metalhc golden hair and \nth golden segmental rings ; pectus yello^^ish white,
the fore legs yellowish white, streaked \%'ith black above, the mid legs with the
femora yellowish white below, black above, the tibiae yellow wth black bands
at middle and extremity, the former with a white patch before it in front, the
tarsi banded black and j'ellow, the hind legs with the femora yeUowish white, the
tibiae banded yellow and black with some fulvous hair in front, the tarsi black
with some yellow and fulvous in front of 1st joint, the extremity of tarsi white ;
ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white with downturned lateral tufts of
golden hair. Forewing hyahne yellow, the veins and margins black irrorated
with yellowish and fulvous scales ; the discoidal bar moderate and defined by
fulvous scales. Hindwing hyahne yellow, the veins and margins narrowly
black -brown, the lobed inner margin clothed witli golden-yellow scales.
N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi, Lufu (H. DoUman), 1 5 type. Exp. 40 mill.
(6) Melittia uisipes.
t Mdiltia ursipes Wlk., viii. 68 (1856).
ITatal.
(7) * Mehttia victrix.
Melittia victrix Le Cerf, Oberth. ^t. Lep. Comp. xiii. pi. 375. ff. 3133^ (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 224.
Cameroons.
(8) t * Melittia amblyphaea n. sp.
3- Head, thorax, and abdomen dull rufous with a few white scales, the vertex
of head with more white, the palpi mostly white in front ; legs dull rufous, the
hind tibiae at middle and the tarsi with some white scales ; ventral surface of
abdomen yellowish white. Forewing dull rufous irrorated with somcbluish-white
scales, especially on apical half of terminal area, ; a yeUowish hyaliite streak below
the cell, a wedge-shaped patch in middle of cell, and four short streaks beyond
the cell between veins 7 and 3, the uppermost shortest, the discoidal dull rufous
patch large and rather wedge-shaped. Hinchving yellowish hj'ahne, the veins
and margins dull rufous, the lobed inner area with the inner margin blue-white.
Br. East Africa, Escarpment (Dohertj'), 1 S type in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 28 mill.
(9) * Melittia brevicomis.
Mdittia brevicomis Auriv., Arh. f. Zool. a. 12. p. 43 (1905).
Cameroons.
(10) * Melittia aethiopica.
MdiUia aethiipica Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 227. pi. 477. f. 3929 (1917).
Abyssinia.
(11) t Melittia accsmetes n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black-brown with a bronze gloss, the palpi black
mixed with ochreous white especially towards base, some yellow hair above base
NOVTTATES ZOOLOQICAi: XXVI. 1919. 87
of hindwings ; pectus and fore and mid femora white in front, the mid legs
black with some rufous and white hair on the tibiae, the hind legs clothed with
black, bright rufous and whitish hair, the tibiae with bands of spatulate white
scales before and beyond middle. Forewing hyaline ; the veins and margins
black -brown, the latter slightly irrorated with whitish ; the discoidal bar strong ;
•the terminal band expanding on apical area but leaving some hyaline between
bases of veins 7, 8. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black-
brown, some yellow hair on the lobed inner margin.
Uganda, Toro, Mpanga Forest (Neave), 1(? type. Exf. 34 mill.
(12) * Melittia bouleti.
Melitlia bouleti he Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 222. pi. 476. £. 3928 (1917).
Mozambique, Pungwe R.
Sect>. II. Vertex of head not clothed with long hair projecting forward
between the anten nae.
(13) * Melittia rutilipes.
t Melittia rutilipes Wlk., xxxi. 16 (1864),
Amboina in Coll. Rothschild ; Batchiau.
(14) * Melittia chrysogaster.
t Melittia chrysogaster Wlk., xxxi. 16 (1864).
Celebes.
(15) * Melittia batchiana.
Melittia batchiana Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 190. pi. 476. f. 3920 (1917).
Batchiau.
(16) * Melittia bombyJormis.
t Deemopoda bomhyfarmis Feld., Reis. Nov. pi. 75. f. 5 (1874).
Amboina.
(17) * Melittia marangana,
Melittia marangana Le Ceri, Oberth. tt. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373. f. 3116 (1916); id. I.e. xiv,
p. 188.
Sumatra.
(18) * Melittia distincta.
Melittia distincta Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 374. f. 3122 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 203.
Assam, Khasis.
(19) Melittia amboinensis.
Mdittia amboinensis Feld., Sitz. Ahad. Wiessens Wien. xliii. p. 28 (1861).
Melittia nepeha Moore, Lep. Alk. p. 10 (1879) ;. Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 205.
t Melittia dorsatiformis Hmpsn., III. Het. B.M. viii. p. 43. pi. 139. f. 21 (1891).
Melittia congruens Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 169. pi. vi. f. 4.
88 NOVITATES ZOOtOOIOAE XX VT. 1919.
Melittia amboinensis var. cdehica Le Ccrf, Oberth. &t. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373 f. 3117 (1916);
id. I.e. xiv. p. 193.
Melittia amhoinensis var. meeki Le Cerf, Oberth. tit. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 374. f. 3121 (1916) ; id. l.c.
.\iv. p. 195.
Melittia amboinensis var. doddi Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xii. L pi. 373. ff. 3119-3120 (1916) ;
id. l.c. xiv. p. 1916.
Melittia amboinensis var. asiatica Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 197. f. 5. g. (1917);
id. I.e. xiv. p. 197.
Melittia amboinensis var. javana Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373. f. 3118 (1916) ;
id, l.c. xiv. p. 197.
Sikhim ; Assam, Khasis ; Madras, Nilgiris ; Burma, Pegu. Rangoon,
Karen Hills; Ferak ; Sumatra; Borneo, Pulo Laut : Java; Snla ; Celebes;
Bali ; Lombok ; San^ir ; Amboina in Mus. Oxon. ; Ceram ; Br. IT. Guinea ;
Trobriand Is., FeigiLSson I., Kiriwini ; Queensland, Kuranda (Dodd), Walsingham
Coll.
(20) Melittia bombyliformis.
Sphinx lornbylijormis Cram., Pap. Exot. iv. p. 241. pi. 400. f. C. (1782) ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm.
pal. ii. p. 379. pi. 51 a.
Sesia chalciformis Fabr., Ent. Syst. iii. 1. p. 382 (1793) ; Hmpan. Moths Ind. i. p. 204.
Melittia anthedoniformis Hiibn., Verz. p. 128 (1827).
MeliUia phorcus Westw., Cab. Or. Ent. p. 62 (1848).
t Melittia arrecta Meyr., Exot. Ins. ii. p. 181 (1918).
Japan ; Assam ; Bombay ; Bladras ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Sumatra ; Java.
(21) * Melittia madureae.
Melittia madureae Le Cerf, Oberth. J^t. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373. f. 3111 (1916) ; id. l.c. xiv. p. 170.
Madras, Trichinopoli.
(22) Melittia auiiplumia.
t MeliUia auriplumia Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 506. pi. xii. f. 12.
MeliUia laboissierei Le Cerf, Oberth. /St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 229. pi. 477. f. 3930 (1917).
Congo, Katanga ; ITganda.
(23) * Melittia laniremis.
Ettmallopoda laniremis Wllgrn., Wien. Ent, Mon. iv, 41 (1860) ; id. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forh, v.
p. 8 (1865).
Cape Colony.
(24) Melittia binghami.
Melittia binghamii De Niceville, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 174. pi. E.E. f. 24 (1900).
MeliUia burmana Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 374. f. 3124 (1916) ; id. l.c. xiv. p. 206.
Sikhim in Coll. Rothschild ; Burma, Momeit, Thoungyen Valley.
(25) * Melittia siamica.
t Melittia siamica Wlk., xxxi. 18 (1864).
MeliUia sumatrana he Cerf, Oberth. 6l. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373. f. 3113 (1916).
Malacca, in Coll. Rothschild ; Siam ; Sumatra.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVT. 1919. 89
(26) * MeUttia tabanus.
Melittia tabanus Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xu. L pi. 374. pi. 374. f. 3128 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 205.
Burma, Tenasserim.
(27) t Melittia moluccaensis n. sp.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown, the vertex of head and meta-
thorax mth some fulvous hair ; palpi black -brown mixed with orange ; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen black -brown, the forelegs with orange
mixed and the tarsi orange, the mid tibiae with some orange hair, the hind
tibiae with deep orange hair at middle and extremity. Forewing very dark red-
brown with a few orange scales ; a yellowish hyaline streak below the cell, a
wedge-shaped streak in the cell, and four short streaks beyond the cell between
veins 7 and 3, the uppermost shortest ; the dark diseoidal patch large and
emitting a short streak in the cell. Hindwing yellowish hyaline, the veins and
margins narrowly dark brown.
Batchian (Waterstradt), 2 3 type in Coll. Rothschild ; Bum (Doherty),
1 (J, 1 9 in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. .34 mill.
(28) Melittia rufodorsa.
t MeliUia rufodorsa Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 150 (1910).
Congo.
(29) Melittia culuana.
t Melittia kulluana Moore, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 392 ; Butl., III. Met. B.M. vii. p. 98. pi. 135. f. 12 ;
Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 204 ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 379. pi. 51. a.
Punjab, Kulu.
(30) t * Melittia elaea n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black -brown mixed with some red-brown and whitish,
the palpi whitish to near extremity of 2nd joint ; build slender ; abdomen
blue-black with red -brown segmental lines ; pectus whitish tinged with rufous ;
legs black -brown, the fringe of hair on mid tibiae mostly rufous, on hind tibiae
and tarsi black -brown mixed with rufous and white ; ventral surface of abdomen
rufous. Forewing narrow, hyaline with the veins and margins black ; the
diseoidal patch emitting a short streak in the cell ; the terminal band expanding
slightly on apical area. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly
black.
Assam, Khasis, type S in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 22 mill.
(31) * Melittia hampsoni.
t MeliUia grandis Hmpsa., Moths Ind. L p. 203 (1893), nee Streck. 1881.
Melittia hampsoni Beutenm., Bull. Am. Mus. vi. p. 365 (1894).
Sikhim.
go NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
(32) Melittia gigantea.
t Melittia gigantea Moore, P.Z.S. 1879. p. 413 ; Waterhouse, Aid. U. pi. 131. f. 4 ; Hmpsn. Moths
Ind. i. p. 204.
t Melittia hiimerosa Swinh., Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 38 (1892).
Japan ; Corea ; C. China ; Punjab.
(33) Melittia nevara.
Melittia newara Moore, L(p. Atk. p. 10 (1879) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 203.
Sikhim ; Assam, Kha-^is.
(34) t * Melittia leucogaster n. sp.
?. Head and thorax olive-brown, the antennae black -brown, pale red-
brown below towards tips, the frons pale yellow at sides, the palpi pale yellow
with some black scales in front ; abdomen with the two basal segments rufous,
the others black -brown with fine white segmental hues ; pectus pale yellow ;
fore legs pale yellow streaked with black, the mid legs with the femora white
above, yellow and black below, the tibiae rufous with white band at middle
and some yellow at tips, the tarsi black, with silvery blue-white bands at base
of three first joints, the hind legs with the femora white, the tibiae rufous, with
some white above at middle, some silvery blue-white on outer side on basal
half and at extremity and some black and yellow at extremity, the spurs black,
the tarsi black with some yellow on 1st joint below ; ventral surface of abdomen
pure white. Forewing deep rufous, the terminal area irrorated with wiiite
scales ; an hyaline fascia in the cell, forldng at middle, a fascia below the cell,
and fasciae beyond the cell below veins 7 to 4, very short above, longer below.
Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; the lobed inner area
yellowish at base, then rufous ; cilia reddish brown.
Java, Salatiga, 1 $ type in Coll. Rothschild. Exf. 36 mill.
(35) Melittia sangaica.
t Melittia sangaica Moore, A.M.N.H. (4) xx. p. 84 (1877).
C. China.
(36) Melittia notabilis.
t Mdittia notabilis Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 168. pi. vi. f. 1.
Burma.
(37) Melittia chalconota.
t Melittia chalconnta Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vL p. 149 (1910).
Melittia congoana Le Cerf, Oberth. £(. Lep. Camp. xii. i. pi. 373. f. 3112 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 172.
Gold Coast; S. Nigeria,- Congo; "Germ. E. Africa," Usambara, in Coll.
Rothschild.
(38) t Melittia dichroipus n. sp.
,J. Head black mixed with some yellow, the neck with fulvous ring, the
frons brown, yellowish white at sides, the antennae black with lateral white
points, rufous below, the palpi pale yellow, the 2nd and 3rd joints with
some black in front and behind ; thorax fulvous yellow mixed with brown ;
abdomen black with golden yellow segmental lines, and some fulvous yellow
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 91
at base ; pectus brown and white ; forelegs black and yellow ; mid legs black
with some yellow on femora and base of tibiae, a blue-white spot at middle
of tibiae on outer side and blue-white points on the tarsal joints above ; hind-
legs black, the tibiae clothed with yellow hair above to middle where there is a
yellow patch on outer side followed by a minute silvery blue spot, and seme
yellow hair at extremity ; ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white. Fore-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins black -brown ; some fulvous at base and a
few scales on each side of upper part of the discoidal bar, which emits a streak
in the cell ; the black -brown terminal band expanding on apical area and
irrorated with a few white scales ; cilia grey-brown. Hindwing hyahne, the
veins and margins narrowly black ; the lobed inner margin brown with some
fulvous on basal half ; cilia grey-brown. Underside with the veins and margins
wholly black -bro\\Ti.
Burma, Bhamo 1 (J, Thoungho 1 <J, type, Tenasserim (Mackwood), 1 <J.
Exp. 36 mill.
(39) * Melittia staudingeri.
Melittia staudingeri Boisd., Lip. Het. i. p. 478 (1874) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 203 ; Le Cerf,
Oberth. Et. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 374. f. 3123 ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 173.
Sikhim, in Coll. Kothschild.
(40) Melittia indica.
t Mdittia indica But!., A.M.N.H. (4) xiv. p. 411 (1874) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 203 ; Le Cerf,
Oberth. M. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 182. pi. 476. ff. 3921-2.
Sikhim ; Assam, Kliasis ; SCalay States ; Sumatra ; Anuam.
(41) Melittia proxima.
Mdittia proxima Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 186. pi. 476. f. 3923 (1917).
Sikhim ; Assam, Khasis.
(42) t Melittia japona n. n.
Melittia eurytion Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 371. pi. 51. c; Mats. Thousand Ins, Jap, Suppl,
iii. pi. 36. f. 20 {nee Westw.).
Head and thorax dark red-brown, the latter with some whitish hair at
sides ; antennae black with paired series of white points to near tips ; rufous
below ; frons grey-brown, white at sides ; palpi white mixed with rufous, the
2nd joint with some black hair in front and the 3rd with some black towards
tip ; abdomen black with some red-brovvTi and whitish scales and fine white
segmental lines ; pectus white and rufous ; fore legs black and white with some
rufous, the hind tibiae black with alternating tufts of rufous and white hair
above and tufts of white hair at extremity, the hind tibiae and tarsi black mixed
with rufous and white hair ; ventral surface of abdomen white. Forewing
hyaline, the veins and margins black-brown, the latter irrorated with blue-white
scales, some pure white on basal inner area ; the discoidal patch large and
emitting a streak in the cell ; the terminal band expanding widely on apical
area. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black-brown ; the
lobed inner margin with some white scales tinged with silvery blue at the
margin ; cilia_ reddish brown.
Japan, Yokohama (Jonas, Pryer) 5 ?, <J in Coll. Rothschild, Tsuruga
(Leech) 2 ? type. Exp. 32 mill.
92 NOVTTATEa ZOOLOGICVE XXVI. 1919.
(43) Melittia cbalybescens.
MdiUia chalybeacens Miskin, Pr. R. Soc. Queensl. viii. p. 59 (1892).
Qneensland. The two specimens in Brit. Mus. from part of the original
material, the type was given to Mr. Lower (F. R. Turner).
(44) t Melittia callosoma n. sp.
(J. Head black -brown with some wliitish and fulvous hairs, the frons white
at sides and above, the antennae black with series of ochreous white points above
towards base, the palpi white mixed with black ; thorax fulvous brown ;
abdomen deep indigo-blue with bands of golden fulvous scales on each joint ;
pectus white ; fore legs black mixed with white and some fulvous, the mid
tibiae and tarsi black \\-ith patches of white scales above, the hind tibiae and
tarsi black with a few white scales above ; ventral surface of abdomen white
tinged with yellow. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins black -bro\\Ti ;
a strong black -brown discoidal bar, emitting a streak in the cell ; the terminal
band expanding on apical area and slightlj' indenting the hyaline area in the
fork between veins 7 and 8. Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly
black-brown, the lobed inner area with some fulvous brown and yellowish scales.
Sumatra, Padang Bovenlanden, in Coll. Rothschild ; Borneo, Sarawak,
Ulu La was (Shelford) 1 J type, Kuching, Pontianak, in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 32 mill.
(45) t Melittia flaviventris n. sp.
cJ. Head and thorax black-brown, the back of head and thorax tinged
with olive-brown, the antennae black, rufous below, the palpi yellow with a
black line at sides, some black hair in front of 2nd joint towards extremity
and the 3rd joint mostly black ; abdomen black glossed with purple and wth
yellowish-white segmental lines ; coxae and femora chrome yellow, the fore
tibiae and tarsi rufous and black, the mid tibiae and tarsi black, the former
with some yellow scales below and white scales at sides, the 1st joint of tarsi
with a tuft of wliite scales above (hind legs wanting) ; ventral surface of abdomen
chrome yellow. Forewing hyaline, the veins and margins black-brown ; the
discal bar strong, not emitting a streak in the cell ; the terminal band expanding
widely on apical area, the outer edge of the hyaline area obhque with the streak
above veins 7 and 8 very short. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins
narrowly black-brown, the lobed inner margin with some silvery blue above
and whitish scales towards the margin.
Ce7lon, 1 3 type. Exp. 36 mill.
(46) Melittia eurytion.
t MdiUia eurytion Westw., Cab. Or. Ent. p. 62. pi. 30. f. 5 (1848) ; Hmpsn. Moltis Ind. I p. 203.
fig. ; Le Cerf, Oberth. ^t. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 373. ff. 3114-5 ; id. i.e. xiv. p. 176. f. 4.
t MdiUia atrigipennis Wlk., xxxi. 17 (1864).
W. China ; Sildiim ; Assam ; Bombay ; Burma ; Java ; Gilolo.
(47) t Melittia proserpina n. sp.
$. Head black with some white hairs, the antennae with a few white scales
above, rufous below, the frons white at sides, the palpi black and white ; thorax
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 93
black-brown glossed -with silvery purple-blue ; abdomen black strongly glossed
with silvery blue ; pectus, coxae, and femora black wth patches of white, the
fore tibiae with some blue-white at base, the tarsi banded with white, the mid
tibiae and 1st joint of tarsi at sides with some blue-white scales, the other joints
of tarsi with white points, the hind tibiae with some white hair above and a patch
of brown scales and blue-white hair at extremity on outer side, the 1st joint of
tarsi with a few rufous hairs and the 1st and 2nd joints with patches of white at
sides ; ventral surface of abdomen black glossed with blue, the anal tuft with
some white below and at extremity. Forewing black -brown irrorated with some
blue-white scales especially on terminal area ; a hyaline streak below the cell
from base to near origin of vein 2, short streak in lower part of middle of cell,
and four short streaks beyond the cell between veins 7 and 3, very short above,
longer below ; some silvery blue scales at base of inner margin ; ciha dull brown.
Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly black ; the lobed inner
margin clothed chiefly with silvery-blue scales ; ciha dull browTi.
Qneensland, Kuranda (L'odd), 1 $ type, Walsingham Coll. Exp. 40 mill.
(48) *Melittia formosana.
Mdittia formosaiia Mats., Tliousand Ins. Jap. Suppl. iii. p. 86. pi. 36. f. 18 (1911).
Formosa.
(49) Melittia pellecta,
t Mdittia pdlecta Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 169. pi. vi. f. 2 ; Hmpsn. Moths. Itid i. p. 202.
Burma, Rangoon.
(50) Melittia volatilis.
t Mdittia volatilis Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 170. pi. vi. f. 3 ; Hmpsn., 31oths Ind. i. p. 202.
Burma, Rangoon.
(51) * Melittia chmer.
Melittia khmer Le Ceri, Oberth. El. Lip. Cump. xiv. p. 161. pi. 475. f. 3916 (1917).
Cambodia.
(52) * Melittia usambara.
Mdittia usambara Le Ceri, Obertb. ^<. Lep. Camp. xiv. p. 231. pi. 471. f. 3965 (1917).
" Genu. E. Africa," Usambara.
(53) t Melittia lentistriata n. sp.
Head grey-brown, the frons white, the palpi pale fulvous yellow mixed with
some white, almost wholly white towards base, the 2nd and 3rd joints with
some black hair in front, the antennae black -brown, rufous below except towards
base ; thorax olive-green ; abdomen black -brown, the anal tuft with some pale
fulvous at extremity ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white ; fore
femora and tibiae pale fulvous and white, the tarsi white, the mid femora and
tibiae pale fulvous above, white below, the tibiae with white band at middle,
the tarsi white, the hind femora black above, white below, the tibiae fringed
with black hair on inner side and at extremity and white hair on outer side with a
patch of fiery-red scales at extremity, the tarsi black with the scales on cuter
side of fu'st joint fiery red mixed with some black at base and white at extremity.
94 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919,
Forewing black -brown with traces of a hyaline streak below middle of cell and
of short streaks beyond the cell between veins 7 and 3. Hindwing hyaline, the
veins and margins narrowly black -brown.
Br. H. Africa, Kibwezi (Neave), 1 ? ; Iffashonaland, Salisbury (Marshall)
1 tJ type. Exp. 22-30 mill.
(54) t * Melittia xanthogaster n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -bro'mi -n-ith a few white scales, especi-
ally in the frontal tuft and round the neck ; antennae with the shaft yellow
above ; palpi black -brown with some white hairs and a few rufous ones at tips ;
pectus and legs black -browTi, the fore tibiae with some rufous and white hairs,
the tarsi black ringed with white, the mid tibiae with some rufous hair, the hind
tibiae and tarsi with some rufous hairs and the tibiae ^-ith some opalescent white
scales ; ventral surface of abdomen yellow. Forewng black -brown sparsely
irrorated with blue-white scales ; short hyaline streaks beyond the cell between
veins 6 and 3 and in the type a minute spot above vein 6. Hindwing hyaline,
the veins and margins narrowly black -brown, the lobed inner margin clothed
with silvery-blue scales.
Br. E. Africa, Escarpment (Doherty), 2 ? type in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 36 mill.
(55) Melittia aenescens.
t Melittia aenescens Butl., P.Z.S. 1896. p. 134. pi. 6. f. 10.
Melittia natalensis var. occidenialis Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 167. pi. 475. f. 3917
(1917).
Gaboon ; Br. C. Africa ; N-W. Rhodesia ; Portuguese B. Africa.
(56) Melittia natalensis.
t Melillia natalensis Butl., A.M.N.H. (4) xiv. p. 411 (1874).
ITatal.
(57) * Melittia ruficincta.
t EubUpharis ruficincta Feld., Reis. Nov, p. 75. f. 4 (1874).
Sudan. The type has no abdomen or legs, the neuration is that of a Melittia.
(58) * Melittia astarte.
t Trochilium astarte Westw., Cab. Or. Ent. p. 61. pi. 30. f. 4 (1848);' Hmpsu. Moths Ind. p. 202.
Punjab.
(59) * Melittia aurcciliata.
Pansa aurociliata Auriv., Oefv. Ak. Fork, xxxvi. 7. p. 47 (1879).
Bam ar aland.
(59ffl) t Melittia ectothyris n. sp.
$. Head and tegulae fulvous orange ; thorax and abdomen brown, the
former with orange-fulvous line behind the tegulae and tuft of hair at end of
patagia, the latter with golden-orange band on 2nd segment and the anal
tuft orange ; antennae black ; pectus and legs orange and brown, the hind legs
black -brown, the tibiae above except at base and the tarsi except at extremity
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 95
orange, the spurs white at tips. Fore-ning golden green irrorated with golden-
yellow scales ; cilia grey-bro-mi. Hindwirg brown glossed with blue, the inter-
spaces of terminal half hyahne ; cilia grey-brown. Underside of forewing dark
brown glossed with blue and slightly irrorated ^-ith white ; hindwing with the
veins of terminal half orange.
Transvaal, 1 3 type. Exp. 40 mill.
(60) Melittia aureosquamata.
Paraaa aureoaquamata WUgm., Wien. Ent. Man. vu. p. 137 (1863).
Pansa aureosquamata WUgrn., Kongl. Svensk. Alcad. Handl. v. 4. p. 9 (1865).
Melittia houlberti Le Ceri, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 233. pi. 1577. f. 3931 (1917).
Uganda ; Br. C. A&ica ; N-W. Rhodesia ; Transvaal ; Cape Colony.
(61) t * Melittia abyssiniensis n. sp.
?. Head and tegulae orange, the antennae black, some white at sides- of
frons and behind the eyes ; thorax black suffused with orange, the shoulders and
tufts of hair behind the patagia orange ; abdomen black slightly glossed with blue ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen black, the tibiae and the hind tarsi
to extremity orange above the outer spurs of hind tibiae slightly fringed with
white hair. Forewing metallic blue-green irrorated with silvery scales. Hind-
wing brilhant metallic blue, the cilia brown tipped with whitish. Underside of
wings purple-blue with greenish reflections in parts.
Abyssinia, Harrar (Kristensen) type ? in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 36 mill.
Auctorum.
Sphinx tibialis Drury, Exol. Ins. ii. p. 49. pi. 28. f. 2 (1773) Sierra Leone err. loe. -
Melittia satyrinijormis Hiibn., Zutr. ex Schnntt. iii. p. 17. ff. 453-1 (1825) N. America.
Melittia iridisquama Mab., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) x. p. 31 (1890) . . . W. Africa.
The description of the pencils of hair and long hair at end of abdomen
suggests a new genus.
Melittiaazrad'ljeCeii,BvU.Soc.Ent.Fr.\^li.^.&\.l.l Gaboon.
The naked hind tarsi suggest a new genus.
Gen. Melanosphecia.
Type.
Melanosphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. tt. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 245 (1917) .... atra
This genus appears to have no tuft of hair at the extremity of the antennae ;
if so it is a derived and not ancestral character ; the hair papillae are present,
and the hairs may be worn off in the three specimens I have examined.
(1) * Melanosphecia auricoUis,
t Melittia auricoUis Roths., Nov. Zool. six. p. 123 (1912).
Melanosphecia bouvieri Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 247. pi, 477. ff, 3934-5 (1917).
Borneo, Sarawak, Mt. Penrissen.
(2) Melanosphecia Junebris.
t Melittia junebris Roths., xviii. p. 46 (1911) and xix. pi. iv. £. 31.
Dorey.
90 NonTATEs Zoological XXVI. 1919,
(3) t * Melanosphecia dohertyi n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown with a slight bluish gloss, the
antennae rufous below, the palpi rufous in front ; hind tibiae with a few white
hairs at the spurs, the ventral surface of abdomen with white segmental lines.
Forewing glossy black-brown, the terminal area Avith a slight purplish gloss.
Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black.
Obi, Laiwui (Doherty) 1 (J type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 30 mill.
(4) * Melanosphecia atra.
Melanosphecia atra Le Cerf, Obertb. £t. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. f. 3140 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 246.
Dntch N. Guinea, Geelvink Bay.
Gen. Hypomelittia nov.
Type, H. hyaloptera.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned to rather above vertex of head,
moderately scaled, acuminate at tip ; frons smooth ; eyes elhptical ; antennae
of female simple, dilated towards tip and ending in a minute tuft of hair ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter tapering to extremity and with small
anal tuft ; fore and mid tibiae fringed with long hair and scales, the tarsi with
slight tufts of scales at the joints, the hind tibiae fringed on each side with very
long hair and scales, the 1st joint of tarsi fringed on each side with long scales,
the other joints with slight tufts of scales. Forewing narrow, the apex rounded,
the termen obliquely ciu-ved ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 well separated ; 7, 8 coincident ;
9, 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell but nearer
5 than 2, 4 absent ; 6 from middle of discocellular ; 7 from upper angle of cell ;
8 concealed in a fold.
f Hypomelittia hyaloptera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the metathorax with some white scales,
the abdomen with the terminal segments glossed with blue and the 5th segment
edged by some yellowish scales ; palpi with some white scales in front ; pectus
with an orange-scarlet streak below the shoulders ; fore tarsi white below, the
terminal joints with seme pale red, the mid tibiae with seme white hair, the hind
tibiae and tarsi with some scarlet and white scales and hair. Forewing hyaline,
the veins and margins black, the costal area lather broadly black to end of cell,
then tapering to a point ; a black disccidal bar defined on outer side by rather
diffused orange-yellow ; the interspaces of terminal area with fine black streaks.
Hindwing hyahne, the veins and margins narrowly black, the veins to beyond
end of cell tinged with yellow ; the inner margin with some white hair.
Burma, Kawkerait (Mackwood) 1 $ type. Exp. 18 mill.
Gen. Lenyra.
Type
Lenyra Wlk., viii. 71 (1856) . " aslaroth
Lenyra astaroth.
t Trvchilium astaroth Westw., Cab. Or. Ent. p. 14. pi. ti. f. 5 (1848); Hmpsn, Moths Ind. i.
p. 205 fig.
Pnnjab ; Sikhim ; Assam.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 97
Gen. Echidgnathia nov.
Type, E, vilrifasciala.
Proboscis aborted and non-functional ; palpi obliquely upturned and liardly
reaching to vertex of head, the 1st joint with long scales in front, the 2nd and
3rd with spinous hair at extremities, the 3rd short ; frons smooth ; antennae
of female thickened, dilated towards extremity and ending in a minute tuft of
hair ; fore tibiae with some spinous hair above, the mid and hind tibiae at the
spurs and tarsi at extremity of 1st joint with tufts of scales and spinous hair ;
abdomen with lateral tufts of scales except towards base. Forewing narrow, the
apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 all well separated ;
7, 8 stalked ; 9, 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before angle
of cell, but nearer 5 than 2, 4 absent ; 6 from above middle of discocellulars ;
7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed in a fold.
Echidgnathia vitrifasciata.
t Tinlhia vitrifasciata Hmpsn., A.M.N. H. (7) vi. p. 1.50 (1900).
Mashoualand.
Gen. Thyranthrene nov.
Type, T. obliquizona.
Proboscis aborted and not functional ; palpi upturned to well above vertex
of head, the 1st and 2nd joints fringed with long hair in front, the 3rd with some
hairs towards tip, which is acuminate ; frons smooth with tufts of scales at
sides and above, the vertex of head with some rough hair ; antennae of male
bipectinate with rather long branches diminishing to before tip where the shaft
is dilated and terminates in a minute tuft of hair ; tibiae and the 1st joint
of hind tarsi above fringed with rather long hair ; abdomen with rather large
lateral tufts of scales except at base, the anal tuft large. Forewing Father narrow,
the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 all well separated ;
7, 8 stalked, 9, 10, 11 from cell. Hind-wing with vein 3 from just before angle of
cell, 4 absent ; 6 from just above middle of discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle,
8 concealed in a fold.
(1) Thyranthrene obliquizona.
t Lepidopoda obliquizona Hmpsn., P.Z.S. 1910. p. 506. pi. 41. f. 8.
TS.'E. Rhodesia.
(2) f Thyranthrene metazonata n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the hair on vertex of head pale
brown, the frons white with some pale brown above, the palpi white with some
of the hair in front of 1st and 2nd joints black, the 3rd joint brownish
ochreous, the antennae with the shaft above and branches brownish white, the
abdomen with white and ochreous line on penultimate segment, the anal tuft
with some ochreous and white at middle ; fore tibiae with some pale brown hair,
the tarsi brownish white above, the mid tibiae with the hair towards base and at
extremity pale brown and white, the tarsi white, the hind tibiae with the hair on
upperside pale brown and white, the tarsi white ; ventral surface of abdomen
with the segments fringed with brownish-white scales. Forewing black -browTi ;
7
98 NOVITiTES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
a wedge-shaped hyaline mark in the cell towards extremity ; a semihyaline white
fascia below the cell except at b;isc ; an incurved hyaline band formed of five
Rmall spots in the interspaces between veins 9 and 3 beyond the cell ; a series of
small hyaline white spots edged with brown just before termen between apex
and vein 3 ; cilia red-brown. Hindwing black -brown ; a hyahne subbasal
band interrupted by the brownish veins frc ni costa to above inner margin towards
which it narrows ; a triangular hyaline spot beyond the cell ; a series of small
hyaline white spots edged with brown just before termen from apex to below
vein 2 ; cilia red-brown ; the hair on inner margin white towards base.
Natal, ]\Ialvern (Jansc), 1 3 tjpe. Exp. 26 mill.
Gen. Sura.
Type.
Sura Wlk.. viii. 65 (1856) ........... xylocopiformia
(1) t Sura pyrocera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with blue, the antennae, sides
of frons, and palpi fiery orange, the vertex of head with some orange scales, the
neck -with orange ring and some white behind the eyes, the patagia -with fiery-
orange patches, the anal tuft fiery orange except at base ; fore and mid femora
wth some fiery orange at extremities, the tibiae and tarsi fierj' orange. Forewing
uniform black strongly glossed with metallic blue-green. Hindwing black
strongly glossed with metallic greenish blue ; a hyaUne fascia in the cell, two in
submodian interspace above and below the fold from near base to near termen,
and a more wedge-shaped patch above inner margin ; two short fasciae beyond
the cell above and below vein 6.
Ab.l. Hindwing metallic blue without the green tinge, hardly a trace of the
two hyaline fasciae beyond the cell.
Br. C.Africa, Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 $ type; Fortnguese E. Africa, Ruo
Valley (Neave), 1 $. Exp. 26-30 mill.
(2) Suia ruficauda.
|- Aegeria ruficanda Roths., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 46 (1911) and xix. pi. iv. f. 36.
" Germ. E. Africa " ; Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave).
(3) fSura rufitibia n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black shot with greenish blue, the palpi with
the terminal half of 2nd joint in front and the 3id joint rufous, the anal tuft
orange above except at base ; (fore and mid legs wanting) ; hind legs with the
coxae white, the femora rufous above, white bcluw, the tibiae fringed wth rufous
hair above, the spurs white. Forewing uniform black strongly glossed with
metallic blue-green. Hindwing black strongly glossed with metallic blue-green,
a hyaline latcia in the cell, a fascia above subniedian fold from near base to
towards termen, a slight fascia below the fold, and a short fascia above middle of
inner margin ; two very short hyaline streaks beyond the cell above and below
vein 6.
N. Nigeria, Baro (Morrison), 1 $ type. Exp. 40 mill.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919, Oo
(4) * Sura bicolor.
Sura xylowiiijormis Le Cerf. Oberth. Et. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 377 ff. 3155. G. (iiec Wlk.).
-Sum bicolor Le Cerf, Oberth. El. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 271 (1917).
Transvaal.
(5) * Sura ignicauda.
t Trilochana ignicauda Hmpsn., Mollis Ind. i. p. 191. fig. (1892) ; Le Cerf, Oberth. ]Sl. Lep. Comp.
xiv. p. 272. pi. 480. f. 3959.
Burma ; Java.
(6) * Sura pryeri.
t Sara pryeri Druce, Ent. Mo. Matj. xLx. p. 15 (1882).
Malacca, in Coll. Eothschiki ; W. Borneo.
(7) t Sura Phoenicia n. sp.
?. Head and thorax black -b^o^vTl, the patagia with scarlet patches, the
antennae rufous below towards tips, the frons whitish, the palpi with some white
in front ; abdomen black shot with steel-blue ; pectus and legs black -brown, the
spurs whitish. Forewing brilliant metallic purple, the costal area and cell black
shot with blue-green, narrowing to a point at apex. Hindwing brilliant metalUc
purple ; hyaline fasciae below the coll and above inner margin from base to
below origin of vein 2.
Borneo, Pulo Laut (Dohcrty), 1 $ typo. Exp. 26 mill.
(8) t Sura cyanea n. sp.
ij. Head, thorax, and abdomen black shot with steel-blue ; frons cupreous
brown, whitish at sides ; palpi dark brown. Forewing black shot with brilliant
steel-blue, the costal area wth a more purple-blue tinge. Hindwing black shot
with brilliant steel-blue ; hyaline fasciae below the cell from near base to below
origin of vein 2 ; cilia black -brown. Underside of both wings ^\ith the terminal
area shot with purple.
Javai Arjuno (Doherty), 1 cJ type. Exp. 36 mill.
(9) Sura xylocopiformis.
t Sura xylocopiformis Wlk., viii. 65 (1856).
Xatal.
(10) * Sura chalybea.
Sura chalybea Butl., P.Z.S. 1876. p. 309. pi. 22. 1. 4.
I Sphecia cutrukomtens Roths., Nov. Zool. xix. p. 122 (1912).
Singapore ; Borneo, !Sura\\ak.
(U) * ? Sura ellenbergi.
Episannina ellenbergii Lc Cerf, Oberth. El. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 319. pi. 478. f. 3941 (1917).
Gaboon.
(12) Sura melanochalcia.
Episannina melanochalcia Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 319. pi. 478. 1. 3940 (1917).
S. Khodesia; Mozambicine.
100
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Gen. Adizoa.
Adixoa Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 198 (1893)
Typo-
aiteTna
(1) Adixoa altema.
t Acgeria altema Wlk., xxxi. p. 10 (1864) ; Hmpsn., Mollis Ind. i. p. 198. lig.
Madras, Coimbatore.
(2) * Adixoa soror.
Adixoa soror Le Cerf, Oberth. 6t. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. f. 3143 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 253.
Sikhini.
Species auctorum.
Adixoa tomentosa Schultze, Joum. Phil. Sci. A. iii. p. 28. pi. i. ff. 2. a. b. c. d. (1908).
Philippines.
Gen. Cryptomima.
Cryptomima Butl., P.Z.S. 1902. p. 50 • .
Type.
hampsoni
Cryptomima hampsoni.
t Cryptomima hampsoni Butl., P.Z.S. 1902. p. 50. pi. i. f. 8.
Uganda.
Gen. Pseudomelittia.
PseudomeliUia Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 240 (1917)
Typfl.
berlandi
( 1 ) Pseudomelittia andraenipennis.
t Melittia andraenipennis Wlk., viii. 69 (1856).
Cape Colony.
(2) Pseudomelittia berlandi.
Pseudomelittia berlandi Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 241. pi. 477. f. 3932 (1917).
" Germ. E. Africa " ; Br. C. Africa.
Gen. Paranthrene.
Paranthrene Hubn., Verz. p. 128 (1827)
Memythrus Neum., Ent. Mag. i. p. 44 (1832)
Sciapteron Staud., SleU. Ent. Zeit. 1856. p. 195
Tarsa Wlk., viii. 61 (1856) .
Pseudoselia Feld., Site. Ak. Wiss. Wien. xliii. i. p. 28 (1861
Tirista Wlk., .xxxi. 22 (1864)
Pramila Moore, Up. Atk. p. 9 (1879) .
Albuna H. Edw., Papilio i. p. 186 (1881)
Faiua H. Edw., Papilio, u. p. 97 (1882)
Phlogothauma Butl., A.M.N.H. (5) x. p. 237 (1882
Typo.
tabanijormis
tabanijormis
tabanijormis
asilipennis
irtsularis
argentijrons
atrinsoni
pyramidalis
asilipennis
scintillans
Sect. I. {Tarsa). Antennae of male bipectinalc with the branches long
towards base, then diminishing and ending before the dilation at end of shaft.
Paranthrene asilipennis Boisd. from N. America, of which Trochilium vespi-
pennis, Herr Schaff, Amser. Eur. Schmett. f. 217, Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii.
p. 380, China, err. loc, is a synonym.
Sect. II. {Paranthrene). Antennaeof male bipectinate with short branches.
NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. lOl
(I) fParanthrene propyria n. sp.
(?. Head fulvous red, the fascicles at end of antennal branches blackish,
some white hair behind the eyes ; tegulae fulvous red and blackish ; thorax
black, the patagia tinged with red and with tufts of fulvous red hair at extremity ;
abdomen black glossed with blue, the anal tuft fulvous red and black ; fore legs
black, the tibiae above and tarsi at extremity fulvous red, the mid and hind legs
with the femora black, the tibiae and tarsi fulvous red, the spurs whitish. Fore-
wing hyaline, the costal area fiery red, the median nervure black and red, the
discoidal bar strong, fiery red defined by black, the veins beyond the cell, inner
margin, and termen black ; a short hyaline mark above bases of veins 7, 8 ;
the red extending before termen to below vein 6. Hindwing hyaline, the veins
and margins narrowly black ; the underside with the costa streaked with fiery red.
N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi (H. Dollman), 1 (J type. Exp. 40 mill.
(2) Faranthrene flammans.
t Sciapleron flammans Hmpsn., Moths Ind. 1. p. 191 (1893).
Punjab, Murree.
(3) * Faranthrene anthrax.
Faranthrene anthrax Le Ceri, Oberth. l5t. Lep. Camp. xii. i. pi. 377. f. 3154 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 270.
Sierra Leone.
(4) f Faranthrene thalassina n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with blue-green, the frons
greyish edged with silvery, the palpi black-brown mixed with white, the neck
with bronze ring above and some white behind the eyes and below. Forewing
black suffused with metallic blue-green, with purple reflections on terminal area.
Hindwing bronze-green, the interspaces of terminal area hyaline from below
vein 5, lengthening to tornus where the hyaline extends to above middle of inner
margin.
?. Palpi with some orange on third joint, the neck with orange ring, the
patagia and fore coxae with some orange scales ; forewing with the terminal area
blue ; hindwing metallic blue with hardly a trace of green.
Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ,5, 1 ? type. Exp. 40 mill.
(5) t Faranthrene chalcochlora n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with greenish blue with purple
reflections ; palpi with some white hairs in front of 2nd joint ; tibiae with
the spurs white above. Forewing black suffused with dark green, the veins with
diffused streaks of brilhant metalhc golden green. Hindwing black, strongly
suffused with brilliant metallic golden green, the interspaces of terminal area
with hyaUne patches, short towards apex and below vein 2 extending to before
middle ; cilia blackish.
N.W. Rhodesia, Mwengwa (H. Dollman), 1 $ type. Exp. 44 mill.
(6) t Faranthrene xanthopyga n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the vertex of head mostly
rufous, the antennae rufous below towards tips, the frons whitish above, the palpi
rufous, the abdomen with the terminal part of penultimate segment, the anal
IQ2 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
•segment, and the anal tuft orange ; fore legs with the tibiae in front and at
"extremity and the tarsi with some rufous, the mid and hind legs with some
rufous at extremity of the tibiae and the spurs white. Forewng blaek shot
with metallic greenish blue. Ilindwing black shot vnth met^ilUc greenish blue ;
hyaline strciks in the interspaces of terminal area above and below submcdian
fold and above inner margin.
Mimics Synngris analis Sauss.
Br. E. Africa, N. Kavirondo, Nyangori (Ncave), 1 $ type ; TTganda,
W. Ankole and S.E. Ankolc (Neavo), 2 $. Exp. 28-40 mill.
Sect. III. Antennae of male strongly serrate and fasciculate, the abdomen
with paired anal pencils of hair.
(7) Paranthrene regalis.
t SJciaplemn rgale Bntl., III. Net. B.M. ii. p. GO. pi. 40. f. .3 (1878) ; Bartel, Scitz Or. f^rhm.. pal. ii.
p. 380. pi. 51. h. ; Mats. Thousand Ins. Jap. Snppl. ill. pi. 3G. f. 21.
Japan.
(S) Paranthrene ehinensis.
S-iapteron regale Lpech. P.Z.fJ. 1888. p. 591 (part).
t Sciapteron chinense Leech. Trans. Enl. Soc. 1S89. p. 121. pi. vii. f. 5.
C. China.
(9) * Paranthrene tricincta.
t Paranthrene tricinrta Wileman, EnUrm. Ii. p. 109 (1918).
Formosa.
(10) Paranthrene bicincta.
.Argeria bkinela Wlk. xxxi. 12 (1804) ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 380. pi. 50. k.
Japan ; C. China.
Sect. IV. [Pseudosesia). Antennae of male fasciculate.
(11) * Paranthrene atcinsoni.
Pramila atkinsoni Moore. Lep. .Atk. p. 9. pi. ii. f. I (1879) : Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 1912.
Sikliim.
(12) * Paranthrene limpida.
Paranthrene limpida Lc Cerf, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xU. i. pi. 37G. f. 3145 (1910) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 256.
Java.
(13) t * Paranthrene pentazonata n. sp.
cj. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown slightly glossed with blue, the
frons white at sides, the basal joint of antennae yellow on outer side, the palpi
with the 1st joint yellow except at base and the 2nd and 3rd yellow in front,
the neck with yellow ring, the patagia with some yellow at base and the edges
yellow, the metathorax edged with yellow behind, the abdomen with narrow
yellow bands on five basal segments, the fore coxae yellow with black patch at
middle, the tarsi white except the basal joint, the mid and hind tibiae with some
yellow below towards extremities ; ventral surface of abdomen with six yellowish
NOVITATES ZOOI.OQICAE XXVI. 1919. 103
white bands, the anal tuft with some whitish below. Forewing yellowish hyaline,
the veins and margins narrowly black with a purplish gloss, the base with a
nietalUc blue gloss ; the discoidal bar narrow and glossed with metallic blue,
narrowly edged on outer side with golden yellow. Hindwing hyaline, the veins
and margins narrowly black with a purplish gloss. Underside of forewing with
a narrow golden-yellow streak below costa to beyond the cell, the discoidal bar
more strongly edged with yellow ; cilia of both wings with some yellow scales
at tips.
New Britain, Kiningunang (Ribbe), 1 S type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 26
mill.
(14) Paranthrene rangoonensis.
t Argeria rangoonensis Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 1C5.
Burma, Rangoon, Bliamo.
(15) f * Paranthrene flavifrons n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown slightly glossed with blue, the
antennae with the basal joint yellow except above, the frons yellow with a blackish
patch at middle, the palpi with the base and the 2nd joint in front yellow,
the neck wdth yellow ring, white behind the eyes, the patagia at extremity, the
metathorax at sides and the abdomen at base with some yellow scales ; pectus
and fore coxae with yellow patches, the fore tarsi yellowish, the mid and hind
tibiae with some yellow at middle and extremities ; ventral surface of abdomen
wdth yellowish white bands on two basal segments. Forewing hyaline, the veins
and margins narrowly black -brown, the discoidal bar oblique. Hindwing hyaline ,
the veins and margins narrowly black -brown.
Dntch N. Guinea, Humbolt Bay (Doherty), 1 3 type in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 34 mill.
(16) f Paranthrene albifrons n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -browoi with a slight purplish gloss, the
frons white, the palpi white tinged with yellow, the neck with some yellow hair
above, white behind the eyes and below, the shoulders with orange-yellow patches,
the metathorax with some orange-yellow at sides ; the abdomen with orange-
yellow bands on 2nd and 4th segments ; fore coxae white at base, the tarsi
white at extremity, the mid and hind tibiae with some orange-yellow hair at
middle and extremities, the tarsi slightly ringed with whitish ; ventral surface
of abdomen with five yellowish white bands. Forewing hyaline, the veins and
margins black -brown with a slight purplish gloss, the discoidal bar oblique, the
terminal band expanding towards apex but leaving some hyaline in the fork of
veins 7, 8. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black -brown,
the discoidal bar narrow, the hair on inner margin white except at base.
Burma, Rangoon (Noble), 1 <J type, Pegu, Magaree, 1 S- Exp. 34 mill.
(17) t Paranthrene canarensis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the frons bronze-brown with
some white at sides and below, the palpi yellow, white behind, the neck with
white ring, the metathorax with some white at sides ; fore coxae and tarsi with
some white, the hind tibiae and tarsal joints with some white at extremities.
104 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919
Forewing yellowsh hyaline, the veins and margins black -brown with a greenish
tinge, the discoidal bar oblique, the terminal band expanding somewhat towards
apex but leaving the fork of veins 7 and 8 hyaline. Hindwing hj'aUne, the veins
and margins narrowly black-brown.
Bombay, Kanara, Karwar (Davidson), 1 tJ type. Exj). 36 mill.
(IS) *Paranthrene caeruleimicans.
f Sciapteron caeruleimicans Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 1912 (1893).
Burma, E. Pegu.
(19) Paranthrene insularis.
t Pseudosetia insularis Feld., Sit~. Akad. Wiss. H'icn. xliii. p. 28 (1861) ; id. Beis. Nov. pi. 75. f. 3.
t Melitlia productalis Wlk., xxxi. 19 (1864).
Borneo, Fulo Laut ; Amboina ; Celebes.
(20) Paranthrene grotei.
t Pseuddsesia grotei Moore, P.Z.S. 1879. p. 414 ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 1912.
Assam, Kliasis.
(21) Paranthrene oberthuri.
Phlagothauma oberthuri Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. ff. 3141-2 (1916); id. l.c
xiv. p. 251.
Queensland, Kuranda ; N. Australia, Port Darwin (Dodd), Walsingham Coll.
(22) * Paranthrene isozona.
t Sesia isozana Meyr., Pr. Linn. Sac. N.8.W. (2) i. p. 680 (1886).
Queensland.
(23) Paranthrene trizonata.
■j" Sciapteron trizonata Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. \}. 43 (1900).
Sikhim.
(24) * Paranthrene auricollis.
f Adiioa auricoUum Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 198 (1893).
Burma. Tenasserim.
(25) * Paranthrene dybousci.*
Albuna dyboit'skii Le Cerf, Oberth. it. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 324. pi. 477. f. 3938 (1917).
Gaboon.
(26) * Paranthrene africana.
Albuna africana Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 325. pi. 481. f. 3973 (1917).
Togolaud.
(27) t * Paranthrene opalescens n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with blue, the frons white at
sides, the palpi yellaw in front except towards base, the neck with yellow hair
above and white hair behind the eyes, the patagia golden yellow at base and
above ; pectus with some yellow below the shoulders ; mid and hind tibiae with
* The Author alone is responsible for alterations in the spelling of names. — Editobs.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 105
tufts of yellow hair at middle and extremity. Forewing hyaline, the veins and
margins black with a purplish gloss ; a golden yellow bar from costa near base ;
the hyaline streaks beyond the cell between veins 9 and 3 with silvery blue
reflections ; the terminal band broad, emitting short streaks into the hyaline
interspaces and indented by some hyaline in the fork of veins 7, 8. Hindwing
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black, the discoidal bar oblique. Under-
side of forewing with the discoidal bar fiery red defined by tlack scales.
S. Celebes (Doherty), 1 3 type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 24 mill.
(28) * Paranthrene dohertyi.
t Ichneumenoptera dohertyi Roths., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 47 (1911) and xix. pi. iv. f. 37.
Dutch TU. Guinea, Humboldt Bay.
(29) Paranthrene cyanopis.
t Paranthrene cyanopis Dmt. Lep. Snow Mts., N. Guinea, p. 166 (1915).
Dutch N. Guinea, Snow Bits.
(30) Paranthrene chrysochloris.
t Trilochana chrysochloris Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Sue. xi. p. 283 (1897).
Sciapteron metallica Van Eecke, Tijd. v. Ent. Iviii. p. 276. pi. 9. f. 1 (1915).
Assam, Khasis ; Sumatra.
(31) t * Paranthrene aurifera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the frons white at sides, the palpi
yellow mixed with black, yellowish white in front, the neck white behind the eyes
and below, the outer part of tegulae, upper edge of patagia and metathorax
behind golden yellow, the abdomen with broad golden yellow bands on 2nd,
4th, and 6th segments ; pectus yellow and black -brown ; fore legs with the
base of coxae, the greater part of tibiae and tarsi yellow, the mid and hind legs
with the femora below, the greater part of tibiae and tarsi yellow. Forewing
semihyaline yellow, the veins and margins cupreous brown ; a golden yellow bar
from base of costa ; a wedge-shaped patch of golden yellow and dark scales in
end of cell ; discoidal bar oblique, golden yellow defined by dark brown ; the
greater part of terminal area irrorated with brown scales leaving some hyaUne
yellow above bases of veins 5 and 6, and as a streak above veins 7 and 8 extending
to termen. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly dark brown, the
cilia cupreous brown. Underside of forewing with the costal area yellow to
beyond the cell.
Assam, Khasis, 1 § type in coll. Rothschild. Exp. 38 mill.
(32) * Paranthrene cupreivitta.
t Sciapteron cupreivitta Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 193 (1893) ?.
Burma, Pegu.
(33) Paranthrene minuta.
t Pramila minuta Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc, 1890. p. 171. pi, vi, f. 5; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 196.
Burma, Rangoon.
106 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919
(34) *Paranthrene zoneiventris.
Paranlhrene zoneiventris Le Cerf. Obcrtli. lit Lip. Comp. xii. i pi. 37G. f. 3140 (1910) : id. l.r. xiv.
p. 257.
Bnnua, Momcit.
(35) Paranthrene pernix.
t Bemhcria pernix Leech, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 592. pi. 30. f. 5; B.artel, S;it7,, Gr. Schm. pa!, ii. p. 409.
pi. 51. k.
Japan.
(36) * Paranthrene davidi.
Paranthrene davidi Lo Cerf, Oberth. ^t. Up. Comp. xiv. p. 259. pi. 177. f. 3936.
W. China.
(37) Paranthrene feralis.
t Sciapteron ferale Leech, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 591. pi. 30. f. 3 ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 380.
pi. 51. h.
Japan.
(38) * Paranthrene tristis.
Paranthrene tristis Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 2G1. pi. 477. f. 3937 (1916).
Annam.
(39) Paranthrene sesiiformis.
t Paranthrene se.iiiformis Moore, Lep. E.l.C. p. 385 (1858).
Java.
(40) t Paranthrene cuprescens n. sp.
cj. Head, thorax, and abdomen black slightly glossed with blue, the antennae
rufous below and with some yellow on basal joint below, the frons white at sides,
the palpi yellow, the genae white, the neck with yellow ring, the abdomen vAth
yellow bands on 2nd, 4th, and 5th segments, incomplete dorsally, some yellow
above base of anal tuft ; (fore and hind legs wanting), the mid legs with some
white on the femora below towards extremity, the tibiae and tarsi scarlet,
the mid and hind coxae yellow ; ventral surface of abdomen with the 2nd,
3rd, and 4th segments golden yellow and a spot on the 5th. Forening black
glossed witli purple-blue ; some fiery red above base of inner margin ; the cell
and submedian interspace except at base and all the interspaces of terminal area
cupreous red except at eosta, the apical area suffused with purple-blue. Hind-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black. Underside of forewing
golden yellow, some black on basal area except at costa, the apical area suffused
with purple and blue ; hindwing with the costa and the veins defining the cell
golden yellow.
Portuguese E. Africa, Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 cJ type. Exp. 30 mill.
(41) Paranthrene xanthosoma.
t Sciapleron ranthosoma Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 104 (1910).
Uganda, S. E. Ankole ; S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 107
Sect. V. Antennae of male simple.
A. Abdomen of male with the anal tuft bifurcate.
(42) t Paranthrene mesothyris n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the vertex of head with some chestnut-
red hair, the antennae chestnut-red below, the palpi chestnut-red, the 1st joint
yellow above and below, the neck wiih yellow ring, the patagia chestnut-red with
some yellow hairs at extremity, the abdomen sufifused with chestnut-red, with
fine yellow bands on 2nd, 4th, and 6th segments and the anal tuft fiery red
at middle and below ; pectus with yellow patches below the shoulders ; fore
legs with the coxae, femora, and tibiae above chestnut-red, the tarsi red mixed
with some yellow ; mid and hind legs with some chestnut-red and whitish hair
on femora below, the tibiae and tarsi chestnut-red with the spurs white. Fore-
wing deep chestnut-red, the terminal area with a purple gloss ; a fan of black
scales tipped with chrome-yellow at base of cell ; a wedge-shaped yellowish
hyaline mark in middle of cell ; a yellowish hyaline bar beyond the discocellulars
above bases of veins 8, 6, 5. Hindwing hyaline, the base obliquely, the costa,
a diseoidal bar, and the veins chestnut-red ; a narrow dark bro-mi terminal band
tinged mth chestnut-red, its inner edge slightly angled inwards at vein 2 ; ciUa
with a leaden gloss. Underside brighter chestnut ; forewing with the costal
area to towards apex yellow, the median nervure and a diseoidal striga yellow ;
hindwing with the costa yellow to end of cell.
?. Palpi without yellow on basal joint, the ring round neck chestnut-red,
the patagia without chestnut-red or yellow, the abdomen without chestnut-red
or yellow rings, the anal tuft fulvous ; pectus without yellow below the shoulders,
the legs with less red and the spurs not white ; forewing black -b^o^vn with
hardly a trace of red or purple, without the yellow mark at base or the hyaline
marks ; hindwing with the dark areas black -brown with hardly a trace of red.
Hab. Natal, Durban (Bell-Marley), 1 <?, 1 $type bred, Lr. Umkomass (Leigh)
in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. S 30, $ 32 mill.
B. Abdomen of male with the anal tuft not bifurcate.
(43) Paranthrene scintillans.
t Phloijothanmn sdnliUnnx Rut.l.. A.M.N.H. (5) x. p. 2.S8 (1882).
New Britain.
(44) * Paranthrene charlesi.
Parar.threne charlesi he Ceri,Oberth. £t. Ley. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376 f. 3144 (1916) ; id. l.r. xiv. p. 255.
Dutch W. Guinea.
(45) * f Paranthrene leucocera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown with a slight bluish gloss, the
antennae creamy white from two-thirds length to near tips, ringed with black
below ; palpi with the 2nd joint yellowish white in front ; fore tarsi ochreous
white from near base to near tips. Forewing black-brown strongly suffused
with brilliant silvery blue except the costal area and termen which have a slight
greenish gloss ; a wedge-shaped hyaline subterminal patch between veins 6 and
3, intersected by the black veins and with its upper edge excised. Hindwing
108 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; the costal area to just beyond
the cell, the cell and area below it to just below submedian fold brilliant silvery
blue.
New Britain, Kinigunang (Ribbe), 1 ? type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 34 mill.
(46) * t Paranthrene microthyris n. sp.
?. Hind, thorax, and abdomen black -brown slightly glossed witli blue ;
frons white at sides ; fore tarsi white towards tips. Forewing black -brown
strongly suffused with brilliant metallic blue, except the costal area and termen
which are slightly tinged with purplish blue ; a small wedge-shaped subterminal
hyaline spot between veins 4 and 3. Hinch\ing hyaline, the veins and margins
narrowly black, the costal area to beyond the cell, the cell and area below it to
submedian fold brilliant metallic blue.
New Britain, Kinigunang (Ribbe), 1 $ type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 26 mill.
(47) Paranthrene meeci.
Sciapleron meeki Druce, A.M.NJI. (7) i. p. 207 (1898).
Trobriand Is.
(48) t Paranthrene carulifera n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown \vith a slight bluish gloss, the
frons white at sides, the palpi with some white scales, the neck with white ring ;
mid and hind coxae with some white. Forewing black glossed with sage-green,
the interspaces, except on costal area, suffused with brilliant metallic blue to
well beyond the cell where it ends obliquely, the terminal area glossed mth purple.
HindwLng hyaUne, the veins glossed with sage-green, the margins black -brown
glossed with purple ; the costal area to beyond the cell,the cell and area below it
to vein 1 brilliant metallic blue, leaving slight hyaline streaks in and below base
of cell ; cilia greyish brown.
Queensland, Kuranda (Dodd), 1 ? type, Walsingham Coll. Exp. 32 mill.
(49) * Paranthrene pulchripennis.
t Sannina pulchripennis Wlk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 82 (1862).
Mdiltia ambigua Snell.. Tijd. v. Ent. xliii. p. 36 (1900).
Paranthrene andamana he Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 377. f. 3150 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 265.
Andaman Is. ; Borneo, Sarawak ; Java.
(50) * Paranthrene cambodialis.
t Sannina cambodialis Wlk., xxxi. 15 (1864).
Siam, Cambodia.
(51) * Paranthrene affinis.
t Paranthrene affinis Roths., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 46 (1911) ; id. I.e. xix. pi. iv. f. 32.
Malay States, Padang Rengas.
(52) * Paranthrene javana.
Paranthrene javana Le Cerf, Oberth. £t. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. i. 3149 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv,
p. 265.
Java.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 109
(53) Paranthrene ruflflnis.
t Sannina rufifinis Wlk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 82 (1862).
Paranthretic celebica Le Cerf, Oberth. &. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. f. 3148 (1916) ; id. !.-. xiv. p. 264.
Borneo, Sarawak ; Celebes.
(54) t Paranthrene zygophora n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the frons cupreous brown with
some white at sides, the neck with ring of white hair. Forewing black -brown
strongly suffused with brilUant metallic blue except on costal area which narrows
to a point at apex. Hindwing hyaline suffused with brilliant metallic blue ;
a strong oblique metallic blue discoidal bar ; the terminal area metallic blue
extending to the median nervure at veins 3-5 and thence oblique to termen at
apex and vein 6, leaving hyaline streaks above veins 6, 5, 3, elongate towards
costa and short above vein 3.
Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching (Shelf ord) 1 ? type. Exp. 36 mill.
(55) * Paranthrene lecerfi n. n.
Paranthrene oberthuri Le Cerf, Oberth. £l. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 377. f. 3153 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 267 (nee p. 251. pi. 376. f. 3141).
Batchiau.
(56) t Paranthrene metaxantha n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown with a purple-blue gloss, the
last with orange bands on the 5th and 6th segments and the anal segment and
tuft orange ; frons white at sides ; genae white ; palpi orange, black above ;
fore legs wth the tarsi white, the mid and hind legs with the outer spurs white,
the tarsi obscurely ringed with yellowish white. Forewing black -bro-svn strongly
suffused with metalUc blue, except on costal area which narrows to a point at
apex ; cilia black-brown. Hindwing hyaUne, the veins and margins narrowly
black -brown, the cell suffused with black brown ; a strong black discoidal bar.
Burma, Tenasserim, Ataran (Bingham), 1 ? type. Exp. 38 mill.
(57) * Paranthrene henrici.
Paranthrene henrici Le Ceri, Oberth. St. Up. Comp. xii. i. pi. 376. f. 3147 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 262.
Burma, Momeit.
(58) Paranthrene gracilis.
t Sciapteron gracilis Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1S90. p. 168 ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 193.
Burma, Rangoon.
(59) Paranthrene noblei.
t Sciapteron noblei Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 166 ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 192.
t Sciapteron jucunda Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890. p. 167.
Burma, Rangoon, Tcnasseiim.
(60) * Paranthrene siccima.
t Sciapteron sikkima Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 9 (1879) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 193.
SiTrhim.
110 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
(01) Paranthrene metallica.
t Sciapteron mctallicum Hmpsu., Mollis Ind. i. p. 193 (1893).
Burma, Karen Hills.
(62) Paranthrene pythes.
t Aegcria pythes Druce, A.M.N.H. (7) iv. p. 204 (1899).
Natal ; Cape Colouy. Bedford.
Gen. Pyranthrene nov.
Type, P. flammans.
Proboscis aborted and not functional ; palpi obliquely upturned to above
vertex of head, moderately scaled, acuminate at tips ; frons smooth ; antennae
of male simple, dilated towards extremity and ending in a minute tuft of hair ;
tibiae with slight tufts of hair at the spurs, the hind tarsi very long with slight
tufts of scales at the joints ; abdomen tapering to extremity and \ai\\ the anal
tuft slight. Forewing narrow, the apex rounded ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 all well
separated ; 7, 8 coincident ; 9, 10, 11 from cell. Hindwing mth vein 3 from
well before angle of cell, but nearer 5 than 2, 4 absent ; C from middle of
discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed in a fold.
t Pyranthrene flammans n. sp.
$. Head and thorax black, the patagia and prothorax fiery red, the papil
with the 1st joint and the 2nd above to near extremity fiery red ; abdomen
fiery red, the basal segment black ; mid tibiae vnth some fiery red below except
towards base, the hind tibiae fiery red, black at base, the spurs white, the hair
at extremity black, the tarsi black and blue with some white at base. Forewing
fiery red, the base blue-black ; a round black discoidal spot conjoined above to
the broad cupreous black terminal area, its inner edge extending on costa to
near middle, and slightly angled inwards at vein 2. Hindwing fiery red, the
terminal area cupreous black, extending at costa to above end of cell, narrowing
to tornus and with irregular inner edge angled inwards at median nervure and
submedian fold. Underside of forewing with the dark area extending to well
before middle ; hindwing with black discoidal spot.
Br. C. Africa, Chiromo (Neave), 1 cj type. Ex'p. 28 mill.
Gen. Homogyna.
Tyiio.
Homogyna Le Ccrf, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. xvii. p. 303 (1911) .... allaudi
(1) Homogyna igiiivittata, ii. sp.
<J. Head and thorax black \\ith a leaden gloss, the vertex of head with some
white hail', the frons white, the palpi white with the 2nd joint in front, except
at base, and the 3rd joint on outer side black, the neck with white ring, some
orange-scarlet behind the tegulae and above base and extremity of patagia which
have a tuft of white hair beyond them ; abdomen black with white bands
which are rather diffused, except on 4th and 7th segments, the anal tuft with
ochreous white patch at extremity ; pectus in front and fore coxae mostly
white, the fore tibiae white at sides, the mid tibiae %\ith tufts of white hair at
base and extremity and the spurs white, the hind tibiae with bands at middle
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. Ill
and extremity and the spurs white, the tarsi banded white and black ; ventral
surface of abdomen black nith white band on 4th segment, incomplete
ventrally. Forewiiig black, suffused with grey, the costal area blacker to end
of cell ; an oblique fiery scarlet band close to the base from below costa to just
above inner margin, where it emits a fascia extending to near tornus ; a wedge-
shaped fiery scarlet patch from middle of cell to just before apical half of termen,
interrupted by a small round black discoidal spot ; the costal edge white towards
apex, the termen black, the cilia brownish white. Hindwing grey-black with
the cell and interspaces of inner area to near termen occupied by hyahne fasciae ;
cilia whitish brown. Underside of forcwing grey-black with the base and costa
to beyond middle white, some reddish white suffusion before and beyond the
black discoidal spot.
Transvaal, Pretoria (Janse), 1 S type ; Natal, Weenen, in Coll. Rothschild.
Exj). 18 mill.
(2) Homogyna xanthophora.
t Tinthia xanthophora Hmpsu., A.il.N.H. (8) vi. p. 150 (1910).
Natal ; Cape Colony.
(3) Homogyna endopyra.
t Tinthia endopyra Hrnpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) vi. p. 151 (1910).
Natal.
(4) I Homogyna pyrophora n. sp.
?. Head and thorax red-bro^vn, the patagia with tuft of rufous hair behind
them, the frons at sides, basal joint of antennae in front and genae white, the
palpi white, the extremity of 2nd joint and the 3rd joint rufous ; abdomen
black-brown with some rufous scales, the 2nd, 4th, and 6th segments with
creamy white bands ; pectus and legs black -brown and rufous, the fore coxae
creamy white ; ventral surface of abdomen with white band on 4tli segment
only. Forewing cupreous browTi ; a wedge-shaped white patch tinged with
fiery red and indented by a streak from the discocellulars ; a short white streak
tinged with fiery red between veins 4 and 3. Hindwng hyaline, the veins and
margins cupreous brown ; some fiery red above inner margin and a slight streak
in submedian fold.
Natal, Malvern (Barker), 1 ? type. Exp. 28 mill.
(5) * Homogyna allaudi.
Homogyna allaudi Le Cerf, Bull. Muts. Hist. Nat. xvii. p. 303. pi. v. f. 1 (1911).
Er. E. Africa.
(6) t Homcgyira sanguicosta n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black-brown, the vertex of head and neck with white
hairs, the antennae with white points on the shaft in front and some white on
the branches towards base ; palpi white at base, the tegulae with some crimson
scales behind and the patagia with tufts of crimson scales at extremity ; abdomen
black with white bands on 4th and 5th segments ; pectus with some crimson
below the wings ; coxae and femora below white, the spurs white, the tarsi
ringed with white, the hind tarsi wholly white except the 1st joint ; ventral
surface of abdomen with crimson bands on each segment and some crimson
112 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 191 "J.
on anal tuft below. Forewing black wth a greenish gloss, the costa and inner
margin crimson to beyond middle. Hindmng black with a greenish gloss ;
hyaline streaks in lower part of base of cell, below the cell to origin of vein 2
and above base of inner margin ; some white hair at base of inner margin ;
cilia black -brown. Underside of forewing with the costal area white to beyond
middle, a white streak above the crimson streak on inner margin ; hindwing
with the costal edge white.
?. Hindwing wth the hyaline streak filling the cell and extending to beyond
the black discoidal bar, the streaks below the coll and on inner area extending
to near termen.
Cameroons, Buar, 1 S ; N.W. Rhodesia, Jlwengwa (H. Dollman), 1 o, 1 ?type ;
S. Rhodesia, Sebakwe, 1 ?. Exp. 26 mill.
(7) * Homogyna spadicicorpus.
t Homogyna spadicicorpus Prout, A.M.N.H. (9) iii. p. 190 (1919).
IT.E. Rhodesia.
(8) t Homogyna albicincta n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -browai, the frons white, the palpi
white with some black at extremity of 2nd joint and on inner side, the neck
with white ring, the abdomen -with white bands on 2nd, 4th, and 6th segments
and before the anal tuft ; pectus with some white below base of forewing ;
fore coxae white, the hind coxae, femora above, and tibiae above except at
extremity white ; ventral surface of abdomen with white bands on 3rd and
4th segments. Forewing black -brown with a few white scales in the inter-
spaces beyond the cell. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and margins black, the
discoidal band narrow and oblique, the narrow terminal band expanding some-
what at apex.
Br. C. Africa, Jit. Mlanje (Neave), 1 $ type. Exp. 24 mill.
Gen. Anaudia.
Type.
Anatidia Wllgm., Wien. Eni. Mm. vii. p. 138 (1863) feUeri
* Anaudia felderi.
Anaudia felderi Wllgm., ICten. Ent. Hon. vii. p. 138 (18C3); id. Kongl. Svensk. Akad. Handl.
V. pp. 9. 10 (1865).
Br. Bechnanaland, Lake N'Gami.
Gen. Bembecia.
Type.
Bembecia Hiibn., Verz. p. 128 (1827) veapiformis
Pennisetia Dehne, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1850. p. 28 vespiformis
Anthrenoptera Swinh., Cat. Hel. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 35 (1892) conlracla
Bembecia contracta.
t Sphecia contracta Wlk., vUi. 11 (1856) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 190. Iig.
t Sphecia fixseni Leech, P.Z.S. 1888. p. 591. pi. xxx. f. 2 ; Seitz, Gr. Schm. pal. ii. pi. 52. f. ;
Mats. Thousand Ins. Jap. Suppl. iii. pi. 34. f. 3.
Japan ; ? India.
Bembecia odyneripennis Wlk. = marginata Harr., Bartel, Scilz. Gr. Schm. pal. ii. p. 381. pi. 50. m.
is from N. America (not Japan).
KovrrATBs ZooLOGicAE XXVI. 1919. 113
Gen. Micrecia nov.
Type, M. methyalina.
Proboscis aborted and minute ; palpi obliquely upturned to about vertex
of head, smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint with slight tuft of scales in front at
extremity ; frons smooth ; eyes rounded ; antennae of female almost simple,
the shaft somewhat thickened and flattened, then tapering to extremity which
is without a tuft of hair ; thorax smoothly scaled ; fore tibiae with tuft of
spinous hair at extremity, the mid tibiae with tufts of spinous hair at base and
extremity, the hind tibiae with tufts at medial and terminal spurs, the tarsi
Vfith slight tufts of spinous hair at the joints ; abdomen flattened with lateral
tufts of scales towards extremity to which it tapers. Forewing narrow, the
apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved ; veins 2 and 3 coincident ; 4, 5, 6
well separated ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9 from cell ; 10 and 11 coincident. Hind-
wing with veins 3 and 5 strongly stalked ; 4 absent ; 6 from middle of
discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 concealed in a fold.
f * Micrecia methyalina n. sp.
9. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with blue-green, the last with
white line at base of second segment, the slight anal tuft fulvous yellow ; palpi
white, tinged with brown towards extremity ; forelegs with the coxae white on
outer side, the femora and tibiae white below, the mid legs with the femora
white below, the tibiae white at middle and extremity, the hind legs with the
femora white below, the tibiae wholly white ; ventral surface of abdomen
mostly white. Forewing black glossed with blue-green. Hindwing hyaUne,
the veins and margins black, the black -brown on termen somewhat diffused on
inner side.
Little Kei I. (Kiihn), 1 $ type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 14 mill.
Gen. Glossecia nov.
Type, G. ignifiua.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned and not reaching
vertex of head, the 1st and 2nd joints moderately scaled in front, the 3rd
acuminate at tip ; frons smooth ; eyes rather small, elliptical ; antennae of
male with long cilia, the shaft tapering to extremity where there is no tuft of
hair ; thorax smoothly scaled ; legs smoothly scaled, tibiae at the spurs and
tarsal joints with slight tufts of spinous hair ; abdomen rather flattened and
with small lateral tufts of scales except towards base, the anal tuft slight.
Forewing very narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obhquely curved ; veins
2, 3 coincident ; 4, 5, 6 well separated ; 7 and 8 stallsed ; 9, 10, 11 from cell.
Hindwing wdth vein 2 from towards angle of cell ; 3 and 5 stalked ; 4 absent ;
6 from rather above middle of discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle of cell ;
8 concealed in a fold.
Glossecia igniflua.
t Seaia igniflua Lucas, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. viii. p. 133 (1894).
Queensland.
8
114 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXV'I. 1919.
Gen. Paradozecia nov.
Type, P. gravis.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, hardly reaching to vertex of
head and moderately scaled ; frons smooth ; eyes rather small, round ; antennae
of female with the shaft fringed with long scales above on medial third, then
tapering to apex, minutely ciUated, without tuft of hair at extremity ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter tapering to extremity ; the fore and
mid tibiae at extremity, and the hind tibiae at middle and extremity with tufts
of spinous hair above, the tarsi with some spinous hair at the joints. Fore-
wing very long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen oblique ; veins 2 and
3 stalked ; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 all from the cell and well separated except 7
and 8 which are from a point. Hindwing with vein 3 from well before angle
of cell but nearer 5 than 2, 4 absent ; 6 and 7 from upper angle of cell ;
8 concealed in a fold.
Paradoxecia gravis.
t Aegeria gravis Wlk., xxsi. 12 (18&1).
C. China.
Gen. Similipepsis.
Type.
Similipepsis Le Cerf, Bull. Mtis, Hist. Nat. Paris, xvii. p. 304 (1911) ■ . . violacea
Vespaegeria Strand, Arch. Nat. Ixxviii. A. 12. p. 70 (1912) typica
(1) t Similipepsis lasiocera n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a purple-blue gloss ; palpi with
some white in front ; abdomen with white segmental line on 2nd segment,
the ventral surface white to just beyond the 2nd segment ; hind tibiae with
a few spinous hairs near base and at extremity, the tarsi mostly white except
the 1st joint ; (hindlegs wanting). Fore\ving hyaline, the veins and margins
narrowly black ; a moderately broad black costal fascia with a purple-blue
gloss, expanding somewhat towards apex. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and
margins narrowly black.
Hab. Assam, Shillong (R. Turner), 1 S type ; Siam. Exp. 18 miU.
(2) Similipepsis typica.
Vespaegeria It/pica Strand, Arch. Nat. Ixxvii. A. 12, p. 71 (1912).
Sierra Leone ; Cameroons ; IT. Rhodesia.
(3) * Similipepsis violacea.
Similipepsis violaceus Le Cerf, Bidl, Mus, Hist. Nat. Paris, xvii. p. 304. pi, v. f. 5 (1911).
Gaboon.
Gen. Tyrictaca.
Type.
Tyrictaca Wlk., Journ. Linn, Soe. Zool, vi. p. 83 (1862) ..... apiealis
* Tyrictaca apiealis.
t Tyrictaca apiealis Wlk., Journ, Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 84 (1862), ,
Borneo, Sarawak.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919. 115
Gen. Neotinthia nov.
Type, N. semihyalina.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned to about middle of
frons, rather broadly scaled in front towards base ; frons smooth ; eyes ellipti-
cal ; antennae of male with long ciUa, tapering to extremity and not ending in
a tuft of hair ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the anal tuft with large
lateral tufts of scales ; fore legs with the coxae clothed with long spatulate
scales, the tibiae \vith spinous hair at extremity, the tarsi fringed with scales
above, (mid legs wanting), the hind legs with spinous hair at sides of tibiae at
middle and extremity, and tufts of long spatulate scales above at middle and
extremity, the tarsi with large tuft of scales on 1st joint above and fringe of
scales on the other joints. Forewing narrow, the apes rounded ; veins 2 and 3
coincident ; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 from the cell and well separated except 7, 8, 9
which are from a point. Hindwing with veins 2 and 3 almost from a point ; 4
absent ; 5 from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 concealed in a fold.
t Neotinthia semihyalina n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown, the anal tuft orange-yellow,
the palpi white in front, the neck with white behind the eyes ; fore tibiae and
tarsi with some rufous, the hind tibiae with the spinous hair rufous, the tuft
of scales on 1st joint of tarsi yellow. Forewing hyahne, the veins and margins
black -brown, the costal area black -brown, the discoidal bar strong ; some
cupreous in, below, and just beyond the cell. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and
margins narrowly black -brown.
Burma, Ahsoon Hamdrow (Bingham), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mill.
Gen. Tinthia.
Type.
Tinthia Wlk., xxxi. 23 (1864) mripes
Soronia Moore, A.M.N.H. (4) xt. p. 83 (1877) nee Ericha. Col. 1845 . . . cuprealis
Geratocorema Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i. p. 200 (1893) postcristata
(1) * Tinthia postcristata.
t CeraiocoreTna postcristatum Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 200, fig. (1893).
Ganjam ; Bombay.
(2) Tinthia ruficollaris.
t Pamnthrene ruficollaris Pag., Zoologica, xxix. p. 21. pi. iv. f. 26 (1900).
Bismarck Arch., New Britain ; D'Butrecasteanz Is. Egum I. in Coll.
Rothschild.
(3) t Tinthia xanthospila n. sp.
<J. Head and thorax black-brown with a slight greenish gloss, the palpi,
back of head, a ring round neck, tegulae and shoulders orange-yellow ; abdomen
with the basal segment orange-yellow (the other segments wanting) ; pectus
blue-black ; fore and mid legs orange-yellow with some blue-black on femora
and tibiae above, the mid tarsi with the 1st joint blue-black with the extremity
orange-yellow, the hind legs with the coxae yellow, the femora blackish above,
whitish below, the tibiae orange-yellow, blue-black at extremity, the tarsi blue-
black with the spinous hair yellow. Forewing black with a greenish gloss ;
116 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XX\^. 1919.
an (■lliptical orange-yellow patcli beyond the cell. Hindwing hyaline, the vein,s
and margins narrowly black, the terminal area slightly tinged with blackish, the
hair at base of inner margin orange-yellow. Underside of forewing with the
costa orange-yellow to near end of cell and some orange-j'ellow scales in and
below the cell ; hindwing with the costa orange-yellow to near apex.
Queensland, Cedar Bay (Meek), 1 S type. Exp. 20 mill.
(4) Tinthia varipes.
t Tinthia varipes Wlk.. xxxi. 24 {18&4).
Celebes.
(5) Tinthia cuprealis.
t Soronia cuprealis Moore, A.M.N.H. (4) xx. p. 84 (1877).
C. China, Shanghai.
Gen. Trichocerota.
Type.
Trichocerota Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 199 (1893) ...... ruficincta
Microsphecia Bartel, Seitz, Or. Schm. pal, ii. p. 414 (1912) ..... tintijormis
Sect. I. Antennae of male bipectinate with moderate branches to near
apex.
(1) Trichocerota constricta.
t Tiruhia constricta Butl., III. Lep. Met. B.M. ii. p. 61. pi. 40. f. 10 (1878) ; Bartel, Seitz, Gr. Schm.
pal. ii. p. 413. pi. 52. f.
Japan.
Sect. II. Antennae of male with long fascicidate ciha.
(2) t * Trichocerota radians n. sp.
?. Head and thorax black, the frons cchreous white with some black scales
above, the antennae fulvous \\'ith seme black scales at sides, the palpi ochreous
white, the 2nd and 3rd joints black behind except the former towards base,
the neck with ochreous white ring, the tegulae with cchreous white band, the
patagia ochreous white on outer side and with streaks of ochreous-white
scales above them ; the metathorax ochreous white ; abdomen with the basal
segment black, the 2nd ochreous white, the others black, strongly suffused
with ochreous white, on the 3rd and 4th segments reduced to dorsal patches,
the anal tuft ochreous white ; pectus ochreous white ; fore legs orange, the
coxae yellowish white, orange on oxiter side, the mid legs with the femora ochreous
white with some blackish above, the tibiae and tarsi orange, the tibiae with
yellowish band at middle, (the hind legs wanting) ; ventral surface of abdomen
yellowish white with narrow black segmental bands. Forewing black ; a slight
fulvous yellow streak below costa to end of cell, a yellowish white fascia below
the cell and yellowish white fasciae beyond the cell in the interspaces below
veins 8 to 4 tinged with fulvous towards extremities and ending just before
termen ; cilia pale fulvous yellow at base, blackish at tips. Hindwing hyaline,
the veins and margins narrowly black ; cilia pale yellow at base, blackish at
tips. Under.side of forewing with the costal edge fulvous to near apex, the
fasciae fulvous, no fascia below vein 8 and below vein 7 towards apex only ;
hindwing with the costa fulvous, the cilia fulvous at base towards tornus.
Assam, Khasis, 1 ? type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 22 mill.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 117:
(3) t * Trichocerota intervenata n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black -brown with a leaden gloss ; the palpi
fulvous yellow ; the neck with yellowish ring ; the abdomen with some orange
scales on 2nd segment and narrow orange bands on 5th and 6th segments ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen dark cupreous brown, a slight
orange streak below the shoulders, the abdomen with whitish patch on 5th, 6th,
and 7th segments. Fore wing with the veins and margins black -brown, the
interspaces filled in by semihyaline brownish white streaks, the streak in the
cell bifurcating at middle ; a small orange spot at base of costa. Hindwing
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black -brown.
Assam, Khasis, 1 S type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 16 mill.
(4) * Trichocerata bicolor.
Zenodoxus bicolor Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xiv. p. 372. pi. 431. f. 39G8 (1917).
Dahomey.
(5) * Trichocerota ruficincta.
t Trichocerota ruficincta Hmpsn., Moths Ind. i. p. 199. fig. (1893).
Burma. E. Pegu.
(6) t * Trichocerota Julvistriga n. sp.
<?. Head and thorax black -brown with a slight leaden gloss ; the palpi
white in front, a fulvous streak on upper edge of patagia ; abdomen with the
four basal segments black-brown with a slight leaden gloss and an orange line at
base of 4th segment, the three terminal segments clothed with rather rough
grey-brown scales, the anal tuft red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen glossy dark brown, the hind coxae white, the 4th segment of
abdomen with white band. Forewing black-brown ; a semihyaUne brownish
white streak on lower part of cell, another below the cell, and short streaks
beyond the cell above veins 3 and 4. Hindwing hyaline tinged with brown, the
veins and margins narrowly black -brown.
Assam, Khasis, 1 3 type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 24 mill.
1
(7) * Trichocerota spilogastra.
Trichocerota spilogastra Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xii. i. pi. 377. f. 3158 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv,,
p. 370.
Up. Barma. Momeit.
(8) t * Trichocerota dizona n. sp.
?. Head and thorax black -brown with a leaden gloss, the palpi white ;
abdomen black -browTi, a narrow golden yellow band at base of 5th segment and
a rather broader band at extremity of 7th ; throat white ; coxae and femora
below with some white, the hind tibiae with the terminal half white below and
the tarsi with some white below ; ventral surface of abdomen with white bands
on 5th and 6th segments. Forewing black -brown with a slight cupreous gloss ;
a shght hyaline streak below the cell to beyond middle of wing. Hindwing
hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black -brown.
Assam, Khasis, 1 <J type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 26 mill.
118 NOVITATES ZOOIXJOICAE XXVI. 1919.
(9) Trichocerota leiaeJormis.
t Aegeria leiaeformis Wlk., viii. 58 (1856).
C. China.
(10) Trichoceiota cupreipennis.
■f Aegeria cupreipennis Wlk., xxxi. 11 (1864) ; Hmpsn. Moths Ind. i, p. 199. fig.
DEadras, Cbimbatore.
(11) Trichocerota univitta.
t Trichocerota univitta Hmpsn., J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii p. 44 (1900).
Sikhim.
(12) t Trichocerota brachythyra n. sp.
<J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a leaden gloss, the palpi orange-
scarlet, the neck with ring of orange-scarlet hair, the shoulders with some orange-
scarlet scales ; pectus and fore coxae scarlet, (the fore legs wanting) ; the mid
femora and tibiae scarlet, the latter black above at base and extremity, the
spurs and tarsi black, the latter with the terminal joints scarlet below, the hind
femora scarlet, the tibiae and tarsi black glossed -ndth blue, the former with
white band at middle and the spurs whitish, the latter with the spinous hair and
terminal joints below scarlet. Fore-ning black glossed with metallic green.
Hindwing black glossed with purple and silvery green ; the cell, the submedian
interspace to end of cell, and a streak above basal half of inner margin hyaline.
$. Back of head and tegulae and prothorax except dorsally suffused with
scarlet.
Hob. Celebes, Bonthain (Doherty), 1 ^ type, Toli-toli (Fruhstorfer), 1 ? in
Coll. Eothschild. Exp. S 20, $ 26 mill.
(13) * Trichocerota lambomella.
t Tinthia lambomeUa Durrant, Trojw. Ent. Soc. 1913. p. 513.
S. Kigeria, Lagos.
Gen. Zenodoxus.
Typ5.
Zenodoxus Grote and Rob., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii. p. 184 (1868) . . . macvlipea
Paranthrenopsis Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xvii. p. 302 (1911) . . . editha
Myrmecosphecia Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Camp. xiv. p. 374 (1917) .... lemoulti
Sect. I. Antennae of male bipectinate to three-fourths length, the two
terminal .segments of abdomen clothed with rough scales above, the anal tuft
large and with lateral tufts of long scales.
(1) Zenodoxus proxima.
Trichocerota proxima Le Cerf, Oberth. Et, Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 377. f. 3157 (1916) ; id. I.e. xiv.
p. 372.
Assam, Khasis ; Up. Banna, Momeit.
Sect. II. Antennae of male clothed with rough scales above to near tips ;
abdomen slightly constricted towards base and tapering to a small anal tuft.
(2) t Zenodoxus auiantia n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black mixed with some orange, the antennae orange
with the terminal fourth black, the sides of frons, palpi, and neck orange ;
NOVTTATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXVT. 1919. 119
abdomen black with orange bands on the six first segments, interrupted dorsally
on the first four ; legs orange-yellow, the tibiae and 1st joint of tarsi fiery
orange above ; ventral surface of abdomen orange-yellow. Forewing black-
brown suffused with orange scales, the cell, a streak below it, and short streaks
in the interspaces beyond the cell below veins 7 to 4 hyaline ; an orange bar
from costa near base, streaks on medial part of costa and below subcostal
nervure and above base of inner margin. Hindwing hyaline, the costa to
end of cell, and the veins orange, the costa towards apex, extremities of veins
6, 5, 3, termen, and inner margin black. Underside with fiery red replacing
the orange.
?. Head, thorax, first six segments of abdomen, anal tuft, antennae,
pectus, and legs entirely orange ; forewng with more orange on basal half, a
black discoidal patch ; hindwing with the veins beyond the cell black, the termen
and inner margin orange.
Assam, Khasis, 1 <?, type, <?, 9 in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 36-40 mill.
Sect. III. {Zenodoxus). Antennae of male •nith long fasciculate cilia.
(3) t Zenodoxus flavicincta n. sp.
9. Head and thorax black -brown, the palpi, the shoulders in front, and the
metathorax at sides orange-yellow ; abdomen black -brown with orange-yellow
bands on each segment except the anal segment which is orange and black with
the anal tuft orange-yellow ; pectus whitish and brown ; legs orange-yellow
with some blackish above ; ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white banded
with blackish, the bands incomplete on terminal segments. Forewing black-
brown -v^ith some orange-yellow scales, especially in the interspaces of terminal
area ; a wedge-shaped hyaline patch in the cell and short streaks beyond the
cell above bases of veins 4, 5, 6. Hindwing hyaUne, the veins and margins
narrowly black -brown, the hair at base of inner margin yellow. Underside of
forewing with orange-yellow streak below costa to beyond middle.
Borneo, Pulo Laut (Doherty), 1 9 type. Exp. 26 mill.
(4) Zenodoxus editha.
t Tinthia editha But!., III. Lip. Het. B.M. ii. p. 61. pi. 40. f. 9 (1878) ; Bartel, Seitz, (Jr. Schm. pal.
p. 413. pi. 52. f.
Paranthrenopsis Tiarmandi Le Cerf, BvU. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xvii. p. 302. pi. v. f. 4 (1911).
Japan.
Gen. Proaegeria.
Type.
Proaegeria Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lep. Comp. xiv. p. 275 (1917) .... vouauxi
* Proaegeria vouauxi.
Proaegeria vouauxi Le Cerf, Oberth. St. Lip. Comp. xii. i. pi. 381. f. 3195 (1912) ; id. I.e. xiv. p. 276.
Cameroons.
Genera auctorum.
Conopyga metaUes:ens Feld., Sitz. Akad. Wisa. xliii. p. 27. (1861) ? Sura or Paranthrene Amboina
Adixnana auripyga Strand, Arch. Naturg. Ixxvlii. A. 12. p. 69 (1913) . . . CameroonS
Conopsia terminiflava Strand, Arch. Naturg. Ixxviii. A. 12. p. 71 (1913) . . Cameroons
Camaegeria auripicla Strand, Arch. Naturg. Ixxix. A. 1. pp. 48, 49 (1914) . . Cameroons
Nyctaegeria rohani Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris, xx. p. 336 (1915) .... Angola
Bonia unicolor Wlk., Journ, Linn. Soc. Zool. vi. p. 83 (1862) belongs to the Heliodinidae Borneo
120 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAS XXVI. 1919,
THREE NEW GENERA OF TINEINA RESEMBLING
AEGERIADAE.
By JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S.
{Published by permission of the Trustees oj the British Museum.)
HELIOSIII'IDAE.
ANYPOPTUS, gii. n.
{avviroirroi, ov = unsuspected).
Type : Sphecia tricolor Rothsch.
Antennae (?) simple, densely scaled. Labial Palpi erect, closely scaled ;
terminal joint short, pointed, scaled. Head loose-haired above. Eyes large,
prominent. Thorax smooth. Forewings narrow, elongate, apex rounded, temien
and tornus evenly rounded : neuration 13 veins ; 7-8 separate, 7 to termen ;
2-5 approximated at origin ; 6-9 approximated at origin, 6 remote from 5 ;
11 from two- thirds of cell; an extra vein (12°) between 11-12, from before
one-third of cell ; an internal vein from midway between 11 and 12 to above 5.
Hindwings narrow, elongate, apex rounded, termen oblique : neuration 8 veins ;
6-7 separate ; 3-4 stalked ; 5 almost parallel with 6, remote from 3 -f 4, an internal
vein to above 5 ; 12 separate. Abdomen robust, anal segment long-haired
(probably tufted in a good specimen) ; ovipositor extruded. Legs : hind tibiae
long-haired above, but with slight mdication of division into tufts ; hind tarsi
densely clothed with biistles at ends of joints.
Perhaps most nearly allied to Cotaena Wkr.
Anypoptus tricolor Rothsch.
Sphecia tricolor Rothsch., Nov. Zool. six. 123. sp. 3 (1912).
Type $, Mus. Rothsch.
Hab. Sarawak ; Malang Road, 30. X. 1909 {J. C. Moulton).
The type was wrongly recorded as a J ; it is a ? with trifid frenulum and
extruded ovipositor.
DOLOPHROSYNE, gn. n.
[^oKof^porrvvrj, t) — subtlety).
Type : Dolophrosyne balteata Drnt.
AnteuTiae three-fourths, bicihate in ^. Labial Palpi recurved ; median joint
clothed with appressed scales, termmal joint shorter than median, pointed.
Maxillary Palpi rudimentary. Haustellum well-developed. Ocelli absent.
Head and Thorax smooth. Forewings narrow, elongate, apex depressed, obtuse,
termen obliquely rounded : neuration 12 veins ; 7-8 stalked, 7 to costa ; 2 from
beyond five-si.xths ; 3-5 approximated at origin ; 6-9 approximated at origin ;
1 1 from two-thirds ; 1 basaUy furcate. Hindwings slightly broader than the
forewings, costa rather straight, apex depressed, obtuse, termen obUquely rounded
neuration 8 veins ; 6-7 long-stalked ; 3-4 connate ; 5 arising about midway
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 121
between 4 and 6, but approaching 4 on the margin ; 11 connecting radius to 12.
Abdomen robust, anal tufts strongly developed and spreading laterally in both
<J and ?. Legs : hind tibiae smooth, with expan.sible hair-scales at origin of
spurs ; hind tarsi with short spines at apex of joints.
Allied to Pseudaegeria Wlsm., but differing in the structure of the antennae,
in FW. 7 running to costa, and in H\V. 3-4 being connate. In general
appearance Dolophrosyne balteata most strongly resembles the genus Paran-
threne Hb. ( = Sciapteron Stgr.) — Aegeriadae.
Dolophrosyne balteata, sp. n.
Antennae blackish. Palpi dark fuscous. Head and Thorax dark purplish
fuscous ; face shining. Forewings dark purpUsh fuscous, with some scattered
whitish-opalLne scales which occur in most profusion above the tornus ; underside
blackish fuscous. Exp. al. 3 17 mm. — $ 22 mm. Hindwings hyaline, with
ochreous scales along the veins and toward the costa ; the scaling on the veins
becomes blackish toward the margins, which with the cilia are also blackish fuscous;
underside as above, but with a strong blackish subcostal line. Abdomen blackish
fuscous, the second and fifth segments strongly banded posteriorly with ochreous
scales, and with lateral patches of the same colour on the third and fourth seg-
ments, sometimes continued narrowly along the posterior edge of the fourth
above ; anal tuft ochreous, outwardly blackish fuscous. Legs : anterior and
median pairs blackish fuscous, front tarsi ochreous beneath ; posterior pair
blackish fuscous, mixed with ochreous in the tufting at the spurs, femora ochreous
tarsi banded with whitish ochreous.
Type : S (350,090) ; ? (350,091). BM. [PT. (7,566, Drnt. Det. 1919), Mus.
Rothsch.]
Hab. Queensland : near Duaringa. Seven specimens from Dr. Lucas,
and one in Lord Rothschild's Museum from the Barnard Collection.
HEMEROPHILIDAE (= GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE).
CIBDELOSES, gn. n.
(<i^S'?Xo? = deceitful ; (Tj)f, 6 — moth).
Type : Cibdeloses dolopis Drnt.
Antennae (?) two-thirds, somewhat thickened above by appressed scales
(from about one-fourth to three-fourths). Labial Palpi moderate, ascending ;
median joint clothed with appressed scales ; terminal joint less than half second,
pointed. Maxillary Palpi obsolete. Ocelli (not visible). Head with appressed
scales. Thorax smooth. Forewings elongate, narrow at base, costa nearly
straight to two-thirds, thence slightly arched, apex sUghtly depressed, obtuse,
termen obliquely rounded : neuration 12 veins ; 7-8 stalked, 8 to termen, 9 to
apex ; 2 from near end of cell, closely approximate to 3 at base ; 4-5 slightly
approximate toward base ; 5-6 parallel ; 1 weak. Hindwings broader than
forewings, costa nearly straight, apex slightly depressed, obtuse, termen and
dorsum evenly rounded : newation 8 veins ; 2-4 separate, remote ; 6-7 stalked,
5 out of their stalk ; media in hne with 4. Abdomen (?) moderate, anal tuft
weU-developed. Legs : hind tibiae smooth-scaled.
A transparent form, aUied to Burlacena Wkr., but much more Aegeria-Uke
than that genus.
122 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Cibdeloses dolopis, sp. n.
Antennae dark purplish fuscous, basal joint and a broad patch above, before
three-fourths, orange-ochreous. Palpi pale orange-ochreous. Head shining,
leaden-metalUc, pale orange-ochreous around the eyes and neck. Thorax leaden-
metallic, posteriorly shining orange-ochreous ; tegulae margined with orange-
ochreous, with two interrupted ochreous hnes between them on the thorax ;
patagia tipped with ochreous. Forewings hyaUne, the costa, termen, dorsum,
and neuration dark purplish fuscous ; an orange subcostal patch near the base
with a similar patch obUquely beyond it on the dorsum ; cilia dark purpKsh
fuscous. Exp. al. 22-23 mm. Hindivings hyaline, narrowly margmed with
purpUsh fuscous, with some ochreous scaling below the costa ; the neuration
toward the margin, and the ciUa dark purplish fuscous. Abdomen leaden-metallic,
banded with yellow, anal tuft duU ochreous ; underside yellow, banded with
ochreous. Legs orange-ochreous, purplish fuscous above on the outer half of the
hind tibiae and on the basal joint of the tarsi.
Type : 9 (400,1.30), BM. [PT. ? (7,567, Drnt. Det. 1919), Mus. Rothsch.]
Hab. Assam: Khasis, V-VI 1895 {Nat. Gall.). Two specimens.
NoTITATBa ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 1^
TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM.
By Ernst Harteet, Ph.D.
B. TYPES IN THE GENERAL COLLECTION.
(For A., Types in the Brehm Collection, see Novitates Zoologicae,
1918, pp. 4-63).
I. COBVIDAE TO lUELIFHAGIDAE.
THIS is the first instalment of the list of types in the general collection. It
is written on the same plan as the list of types in the Brehm Collection.
As, however, the majority of the names are valid — only 40 out of 338 being
now considered as anticipated, not valid or doubtful forms — a dagger (f) has
been placed against the names of species and subspecies which cannot be used,
while in the list of the Brehm types valid names were marked with an asterisk (*).-
The majority of the birds described from the Tring Museum are naturally
named by Lord Rothschild and myself, and next to ourselves by those ornith-
ologists who have temporarily worked here — i.e. Carl Hellmayr, Oscar Neumann
and Erwin Stresemann — but there are altogether also a good many types
made by other ornithologists in the collection, partly purchased with smaller
collections or allowed to be described when already in the Tring JIuseum, the
contents of which are so generously placed at the disposal of ornithologists from
all parts of the world.
A critical examination of all types is not always easy and my judgment
may not be correct in every case, but I trust that it is so in nearly all instances.
Tring, November 1918.
COBVIDAE.
1. Garrulus glandarius rufltergum Hart. = G. glandarius rufitergum.
Oarrulus glandarius rufitergum Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 30 (Novemb. 1903 — " Grossbritannien
und Irland." Ireland errore !)
Type : cJ ad., Tring, 21. x. 1895. Shot by Hon. (now Lord) Walter Roth-
schild.
The British Jay is very closely allied to the continental form, but it is dis-
tinguishable if a series is compared ; moreover, it is of particular interest as a
stepping-stone from G. glandarius glandarius to G. glandarius hihernicus.
2. Garrulus glandarius hibemicus With, and Hart. = G. glandarius hihernicus.
Oarrulus glandarius hibemicus Witherby & Hartert, Brit. B. iv. p. 234 (1911 — Irland).
Type : Ad., County Wexford, Ireland, November 1910. From Williams &
Son (W. J. Williams) in Dublin.
This is the most distinct one of the Irish subspecies hitherto separated.
There are now 28 skins in the Tring Museum and a good series in Witherby 's
124 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
collection. It is strange that Irish birds have only quite recently been compared
with their English and contirtental brothers. So far, besides the Jay, there have
been separated the Irish Coal-tit and the Dipper.
3. Gamilus glandarius whitakeri Hart. = G. glandarius whitakeri.
Garrulns glandarius whitakeri Hartert, Yog, pal. Fauna, L p. 33 (1903 — North Marocco).
Type : <J ad., Tangiers, N. Marocco, No. 6348. Vaucher Coll.
(For Garrulus glandarius kleinschmidti = fasciatus see list of types in the •
Brehm Collection).
4. Cissa jefferyi Sharpe = Cissa jefferyi.
Cissa jefferyi Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 383 (Kina Balu).
Cf. Ibis, 1889, pi. iv. Our late friend Sharpe, Handlist B. v. p. 609, spoiled
the case of the species of Cissa, omitting to state that Cissa minor is not only
found on Sumatra, but also on Borneo, where C. jefferyi and minor occur on the
same mountain, Kina Balu, though the former inhabits higher elevations.
Type : 3 ad,, Kina Bahi, 8,000 feet, 16. iii, 1888. John Whitehead leg.
5. Cissa katsumatae Rothschild = Cissa katsumatae.
Cissa katsumatae Rothschild, Bull. B.C. Club, xiv. p. 9 (1903 — Hainan).
Type: $ ad., Mt, Wuchi, Hainan, 24, iii, 1903, Katsumata leg. Cf.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, 1910, p. 253.
6. Dendrocitta sinensis insulae Hartert = D. sinensis insulae.
Dendrocitta sinensis insulae Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 252 (Hainan),
Type : S ad,, No Tai, Hainan, 3, x. 1902, Katsumata leg.
7. Dendrocitta formosae sinica Stres, = D. formosae sinica.
Dendrocitta jormosae sinica Stresemann, Orn. Monalsber. 1913, p. 9 (China, Typus Ching-Feng in
Fokien).
Type : ? ad,, Ching-Feng, Fokien, 21, xii, 1897 (not 21, x, as quoted by
Stresemann), F. W. Styan Coll,
D. f. sinica is only a new name for the bird generally called " Dendrocitta
sinensis," Corvus sinensis Latham, 1790, being preoccupied by Corvus sinensis
Gmelin, 1788, which is based on the drawing of an unknown and probably
fictitious Chinese bird,
8. Cyanopica cyanus swinhoei Hart. = C. cyanus swinhoei.
Cyanopica cyanus swinhoei Hart«rt, V6g. -pal. Fauna, i. p. 24 (1903 — China).
Type : ad,, Kiukiang, 20. xi. 1882. (No. 351.)
9, Cyanopica cyanus interposita Hart. = C. cyanus inter posita.
Cyanopica cyanus interposita Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 493 (Tsinling Mts. and Corea).
Type : S ad,, Tai-pai-shan, Tsin-ling Mts., 20. xi. 1905. Collected by Alan
Owston's Japanese collectors. (No. 20915.) (Sharpe [Handlist B, v, p. 605]
maintained that the correct generic name was Cyanopolius, but his quotation in
the Cat. B. Brit. Mu-s. iii, p, 67 is incorrect and the earliest name is Cyanopica).
NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAB XXVI. 1919. 125
10. Nucifraga caryocatactes japonicus Hart. = N. caryoc. japonicus.
Nttcifraga caryocatactes japonicvs Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1897, p. 134 (Japan).
Type : S ad., No. 197, Shimotsuke, Island of Hondo, Japan. Bought from
Alan Owston.
11. Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi Hart. = N. caryoc. rothschildi.
Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 27 (1903 — Tian-schan).
Type : (Jad., south of Lake Issik-Kul, February 1901. Collected by Riickbeil,
Tancre's faithful collector. (No. I. K. 44.)
12. Corvus meeki Rothsch. = Corvusmeeki.
Corvus meeki Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xv. p. 21 (1904 — Bougainville).
Type : (J ad., Bougainville, Solomon Is., 2. v. 1904. A. S. Meek Coll. No.
A. 1719.
13. Gazzola unicolor Rothsch. and Hart. = Gazzola unicolor.
Gazzola unicolor Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xi. p. 29 (1900 — Banggai, Sula Islands).
Type : ad., Banggai, Sula Islands. Native Coll.
In 1900 we received a number of well-prepared skins, collected by natives,
from Mr. van Renesse van Duivenbode. They were said to come from Banggai in
the Sula group, east of Celebes. Though the localities of skins from this source
are often doubtful and incorrect, the locahty must have been correct this time,
as shown by certain other species and subspecies. Among these skins were the
two specimens of Gazzola unicolor, and they remain all that is known to this day.
The genus Gazzola is based on rather slight grounds, and is perhaps as well
united with Corvus. All that I can appreciate is the rather wide ridge of the
culmen, which is broadly devoid of bristles to the base, and the general thickness
of the beak. The tail is almost quite square. The shape of the wings affords
no reason for generic separation.
14. Corvus corax hispanus Hart, and Kleinschm. = C. corax Mspanus.
Corvus corax hispanus Hartert &, Kleinschmidt, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 45 (Spain. Type AguUas).
Type : J ad., Aguilas near Murcia, shot from nest, 2. v. 1898. Gray leg.
15. Corvus corax canariensis Hart, and Kleinschm.
Corvus corax canariensis Hartert & Kleinschmidt, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 45 (Canary Islands. Type
from Palma).
Type : S ad., Palma, Canary Islands. Scott Wilson leg.
I admit that it is not easy to distinguish this form from G. c. tingitanus,
and that one might not agree to separate it, while no such questions can arise
with regard to C. c. hispanus. Mr. Bannerman {Ibis, 1912, p. 625, 1914, p. 235)
declares that he does not find the supposed differences in his series, and he also
cites a letter from Otto le Roi, who said that he had come to the same conclusion.
At the same time I am not convinced that our conclusions are quite incorrect.
While there are specimens of canariensis which have the same beaks as tingitanus,
in the majority of examples the bill is slightly more elongated and not so high.
126 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAS XXVI. 1919
and the hackles on the throat are in most cases narrower and more pointed in
canariensis, wider towards the tips in tingitanus.
When describing canariensis, Kleinschmidt and I had very few specimens
for comparison, in fact Kleinschmidt saw only the tj'pe and I four others, while
of tingitanus 12 were available in Tring alone, and some in Kleinschmidt 's collec-
tion. We have now 32 tingitanus and 16 canariensis in the Tring Museum. The
usually greater length in the bill of the latter is best seen when measuring the
gonys. Males have a longer bill than females, as a rule.
16. Corvus corax clarionensis Rothsch. and Hart. = Corvus corax clarioneyisis.
Corvui corax darionensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902, p. 381 (Clarion Island).
Type : S ad., Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo group, 11. xii. 1900. No. 103.
R. H. Beck leg.
We have since also received a male from San Benedicte Island with the
wing-tips rather worn, but hardly over 390 mm. long. Cf. Ridgway, B. North
and Middle Am. iii. p. 265. — Ridgway unites with these birds specimens from
San Clementa and Santa CataUna in the Santa Barbara off South California,
but states that these measurements are larger, having wings up to 412-7 mm.,
but shorter tarsi ; perhaps these birds belong to another race, the Revilla
Gigedo group being far away and having many specialized forms. According to
Oberholser, however, C. c. clarionensis extends even over the south-western
United States !
17. Corvus macrorhynchus osai Ogawa = Corvus coronoides osai.
Corvus macrorhynchui osai Ogawa, Aniiot. Zool. Japan, v. pt. 4. p. 196 (1905 — Okinawa, Ishigaki
and Kobama Iriomote),
Type : (J ad., Kobama Island, southern group of Riu-Kiu (Loo-tshoo)
Islands, 26. vii. 1904. Collected by Owston's Japanese collectors. No. 1647.
This is a very small form. Cf. Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Oes. Bayern, xii.
p. 282. In this article Stresemann has very ably reviewed the eastern Ravens,
and he makes japonensis, ^nandshuricus, hassi, connectens, osai, intermedius,
andamanensis, levaillanti, madaraszi, hainanus, colonorum, 7nacrorhynchus,philip-
pinus, orru, insularis, coronoides, perplexus, bennetti, cecilae, and latirostris sub-
species of coronoides, a view with which I fully agree.
18. Corvus coronoides connectens Stres. = C. coronoides connectens.
Corvus coronoides connectens Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Gee. Bayern, xii. p. 281 (1916 — Okinawa and
Miyako, Biu-Kiu Islands),
Type : S ad., Miyako-shima, 5. vii. 1904. No. 1642. Alan Owston's
Japanese collectors.
? 19. Corvus coronoides madaraszi Stres. = C coronoides madaraszi.
Corvus coronoides rtuidaraszi Stresemsinn, Verh. Orn, Ges. Bayern, xii. p. 285 (1916 — Ceylon),
Type : <J ad., Colombo, 13. ii. 1894. E. Ernest Green leg.
Seems to be distinguished from its nearest ally (levaillaniii) by its short
wings and more glossy, somewhat violet underside ; but must perhaps be called
culminatus, if the South Indian birds are as small as those from Ceylon (Baker
in litt.). Most Ceylon forms are smaller than their continental brethren.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. l27
20. Corvus coronoides hainanus Stres. = C. coronoides hainanus.
Corvus coronoides hainanus Stresemann, Verh, Orn, Ges, Bayem, xii. p, 286 (1916 — ^Hainan),
Type : S ad., Hoihow, 15. iii. 1902. Katsumata leg.
21. Corvus frugilegus tsehusii Hart. = Corvus frugilegus tschusii.
Corvus frugilegus tschmii Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, L p. 14 (1903 — ^North Persia, Tuikeetan, S.W.
Siberia, in winter in Afghanistan, Cashmir, and N.W, India).
Type : ,Jacl., Gilgit, 7.xii. 1879. J. Scully leg. (No. 711.)
22. Coloeus monedula cirtensis Rothsch. and Hart. = C. monedula cirtensis.
Coloeus monedula cirtensis Eothschild & Hartert, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 471 (1912 — North Algeria),
Type : Constantine, N. Algeria, 4. xii. 1911. Paul Dechabert leg.
FARADISEIDAE.
f 23. Aeluroedus jobiensis Rothsch. = Ailuroedus melanotis arjakianus.
Aduroedus jobiensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, iv. p. xrvi (1895 — Jobi).
Type : An adult specimen purchased from van Renesse van Duivenbode,
said to have been prepared on Jobi Island by one of Bruijn's hunters. The
latter statement is probably correct, judging from the preparation of the sMn,
but the locality is almost certain to be erroneous. Cf. Rothschild, Paradiseidae,
Tierreich 2. Lief, p. 7 (1898), and Novitates Zoologicae, 1903, p. 67.
24. Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothsch. and Hart. = Ailuroedus buccoides oorti.
Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1913, p. 526 ("N.W, New Guinea and
adjacent islands." Type Waigiu).
Type : 3 ad., Waigiu, 24. xii. 1902. John Waterstradt leg.
25. Amblyomis flavifrons Rothsch. = Amblyoryiis flavifrons.
Artiblyomis flavifrons Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 1895, p. 480 (Dutch New Guinea),
Type : An adult bird, doubtless a male (as females of Amblyomis have no
crest) of Arfak native preparation, purchased from van Renesse van Duivenbode.
See pi. i., Novitates Zoologicae, 1896.
The exact locality of this very distinct species is not yet known, and our
three males are all which are on record.
26. Loboparadisea sericea Rothsch. = Loboparadisea sericea.
Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, vi. p. xvi. (1896 — Dutch New Guinea),
Type : <J ad. Purchased from van Renesse van Duivenbode, who said it
was bought by his collectors from natives at Kurudu, Dutch New Guinea.
Whether this locality is correct, we cannot say, but Albert Meek discovered the
species on Mount Goliath, C. Boden Kloss on the Utakwa River, 4,200 to 5,500
feet high. , ,
128 NOVTTATES ZOOLOCICAE XXVI. 1919.
27. Lophorina minor laiipeimis Rothsch. = Lophorina swperha latipennis.
Lophorina minor latipennis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xbi. p. 92 (1907 — RawUnson Mountains).
Type : ^J ad., Rawiinson Mts., German New Guinea, December 1905 or
January 1906. Carl Wahnes leg.
L. minor is a subspecies of L. superba, which therefore consists of L. superba
superba, L. superba latipenriis, and L. superba minor.
28, Parotia duivenbodei Rothsch. = Parotia duivenbodei.
Parotia duivenbodei Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, x. p. 100 (1900— Dutch New Guinea).
Type : Adult male purchased from van Renesse van Euivenbode. Dutch
New Guinea ; bought from native hunters.
There is now a specimen in the Paris Museum, with no supra-orbital flags
at all !
29. Parotia carolae meeki Rothsch. = Parotia carolae meeki.
Parotia carolae meehi Rothschild, Bull. B.O, Club, xxvii. p. 35 (1910 — Snow Mountains).
Type : S jun. (or moulting from oS-plumage into nuptial), Lower Snow
Mountains near Utakwa River, 2,500 feet, 1. viii. 1910. No. 4558. A. S. Meek
Coll.
30. Parotia wahnesi Rothsch. = Parotia wahnesi.
Parotia wahnesi Rothschild, " Two New Birds of Paradise," p. 2 (1906 — " Mountains of German
New Guinea ") ; see also Bull. B.O. Club, six. p. 8 (October 1906) ; Ibis, 1911, pi. vi.
Type : cJ fere ad., Rawiinson Mountains, Kaiser Wilhelm Land, December
1905 — January 1906. Carl Wahnes leg.
31. Paradigalla brevicauda Rothsch. & Hart. = Paradigalla brevicauda.
Paradigalla brevicauda Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911. p. 159 (Mt. Goliath).
Type : <J ad., Mt. Goliath, Eastern Central Lu ch New Guinea, 22. i. 1911.
A. S. Meek Coll. No. 5164.
32. Manucodia ater altera Rothsch. &. Hart. = Manucodia atra altera.
Manucodia ater altera Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 84 (Eastern (British) New Guinea,
Eastern Papuan Islands, and Aru).
Type: 3 ad., Sudest Island, Louisiade group, 16. iv. 1898. No. 1735.
A. S. Meek Coll.
33. Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons Rothsch. = Cicinnurus regius coccineijrons.
Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons RothschUd, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 10 (Jobi).
Type : cj ad., Jobi Island, Geelvink Bay, 11. xi. 1883. H. GuiDemard leg.
f 34. Paradisea minor var. albescens Mussch.
Paradisea minor ; var. albescens Musschenbroek, Bijdr, Taal-Land-en Volkenh. Nederl. Indie, ser. 4.
vii. p. 186 (1883).
Type : 6 jun., with white breast and abdomen of Paradisea minor minor
with the plumes of an adult male of P. m. jobiensis. Bought somewhere in the
cast by Messrs. Beal & Steere. Ex Michigan University Collection.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919. 129
35. Paradisea minor jobiensis Rothsch. = Paradisea minor johiensis.
Pamdieea minor jobiensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, vi. p. xlvi (1897 — Jobi Island).
Type : <J ad., Jobi Island, 9. xi. 1883. H. Guillemard leg.
36. Loborhamphus nobilis Rothsch. = Loborhamphus nohilis.
Loborhamphus nobilis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xii. p. 34 (1901— Dutch New Guinea). Figured :
Nov. Zool. 1903. pL i.
Type : Adult male, from some part of Dutch New Guinea. Purchased
from van Renesse van Duivenbode. Another S reached the Tring Museum
afterwards.
t 37. Pseudastrapia lobata Rothsch. probably = Pseudastrapia ellioti.
Pseudastrapia lobata Rothschild, Bull. B.O. CUib, xxi. p. 25 (1907).
Type: (J immat. (probably). Dutch New Guinea. Imported by Bensbach.
Rothschild, Ibis, 1911, p. 361, has quite correctly stated, that " Epimachus
ellioti " belongs to the same genus as the very curious Pseudastrapia lobata. In
fact, in view of the females (and probably young males) of Astrapia nigra and
rothschildi bearing exactly the same relation to the adult male as this Pseu-
dastrapia lobata does to Psetidastrapia ellioti, 1 believe that lobata is the young
male (or female) of Pseudastrapia ellioti. The name Pseudastrapia is well
chosen. Of neither P. ellioti nor " lobata" do we know the exact locality. The
latter is unique, while of ellioti only two adult males are known, one in London
(an imperfect skin without wings and feet !), and one in Dresden. Nearly thirty
years ago a perfect male was offered for sale in London and shown both to Lord
Rothschild and Dr. Sharpe, but the price was so exorbitant that both rejected
it. Sharpe says he does not know what became of the specimen, but there
can be no doubt that it is the one which the late A. B. Meyer bought for the
Dresden Museum, at the same time, i.e. in 1889 or 1890.
38. Astrapia rothschildi Foerster = Astrapia rothschildi.
Astrapia rothschildi Foerster, Foerster & Rothschild, Two New Birds of Paradise, p. 2 (1906—" Moun-
tains of German New Guinea").
Type : 3 ad., Rawlinson Mountains, 800 — 1,000 m. Carl Wahnes leg.
39. Astrapia splendidissima Rothsch. = Astrapia splendidissima.
Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 1895. p. 59. pi. v. (" Said to come from the foot
of the Charles Louis Mountains ' ').
Type : ,J ad., found among plumassier's trade-skin, bought from van
Renesse van Duivenbode. In view of the fact that this magnificent species
has been found by Albert Meek on Mount Goliath, and by C. Boden Kloss's
Dyaks on the Utakwa River, slopes of Snow Mountains, the original locality has
probably been quite or nearly correct, though information about the Papuan
trade-skins is generally unsatisfactory.
40. Epimachus astrapioides Rothsch. = Falcinellus astrapioides.
Epimachus astrapioides Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, vii. p. 22 (1898— Dutch New Guinea) ; Nov.
Zool, xviii. pi. vii.
Type : J ad., Dutch New Guinea, trade-skin. Still unique !
9
130 NoviTATKS Z00L001CA.E XXVL 1919.
41. Falcinellus striatus atratus Rothsch. and Hart. = Falcinellus siriatus
atratus.
Falcinellus striatum atratus Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. 1911. p. 160 (Mt. Goliath).
Type : cJ ad., Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5,000 ft.,
12, i. 1911. A. S. Meek leg. No. 5100.
42. Selencides ignotus auripennis Schlut. = S. ignotus auripennis.
Sdeucides ignotus auripennis Schlut«r, Falco vii. p. 2 (1911 — " Dallmannshafen in Deutsoh-Neu-
guinea ").
Type : <J ad., Dallmannshafen, 1910.
43. Paradisea mirabilis Rehw. = Janthothorax mirahilis.
Paradisea mirabilis Eeichenow, Orn. Monatsher. 1901. p. 186 (" Deutsch Neuguinea) " ; Fig. Joum.
/. Om. 1902. pL i.
Type : (J ad., near Kaiser Wilhelmshafen, 1901.
This species is closely allied to Janthothorax bensbachi, of which only the
type in Leyden is known. Of J. mirabilis we have, in the Tring Museum, now
another specimen with the elongated central tail-feathers, but flat and without
legs, in the old Papuan preparation. If more material is known and available
for comparison, it is not impossible that J. mirabilis turns out to be the same
as J. bensbachi, in which, however, head and neck are more glittering green
and golden, and the flank-plumes all dark brown. When will a collector
succeed in reaching the place where this, and about a dozen other species of
Paradiseidae, of which the home is still unknown, live ?
DICKURIDAE.
(The Dicruridae are, in Sharpe's Handlist, most judiciously placed next
to the Paradiseidae to which they are, in my opinion, nearest related. Only
recently E. C. Stuart Baker called my attention to the striking similarity of
many of their eggs to typical Paradisea eggs. )
44, Dissemurus paradiseus johni Hart. = Dissemurus paradisetis johni.
Dissemurus paradiseus johni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 580 (Hainan).
Type: cJ ad.. Five Finger Mts., Hainan, 9. iv. 1899. John Whitehead leg..
No. 72.
45. Buchanga palawanensis WTiiteh. = Dicriirus cineraceus rebaptizatus,
nom. nov.
Buchanga palawanensis Whitehead, Ibis, 1890. p. 47 (Palawan).
Type: J ad., Taguso, Palawan, 3. vii. 1887. John Whitehead leg. No.
1491.
If Buchanga is united with Dicrurus, this form must be renamed, and I
call it therefore Dicrurus cineraceus rebaptizatus, the type being the type speci-
men of palawanensis. This becomes necessary because there is already a
Dicrurus palawanensis of Tweeddale, 1878.
(Under the name of Dicrurus Yieillot, Nouv. Did. d'Hist. Nat. ix. p. 585,
NOVITATEB ZOOLOOICAE XXVT. 1919. 131
1817, had a number of species. Of these the first has afterwards been desig-
nated as the type. This first species is the Corvus balicassius of Linnaeus, 1766 !
This balicassius is solely based on Brisson, who described and figured a Drongo
with a forked tail, which he supposed to have come from the Philippines. This
must have been an error, because the Philippine Drongo just happens to difler
from the other species by not having a forked tail, the central pair of rectrices
being almost as long as the others, so that no fork is visible at all. In this re-
spect it is only almost equalled by the otherwise rather different D. longirostris
of the Solomon Islands. iMorever, the common Philippine Drongo differ in
having the whole upperside metallic glossy, in which D. mirabilis of Negros
agrees with it, which, however, besides its white abdomen has already a dis-
tinctly, though not very deeply forked tail ! Between this and the deep forks
of the so-called Buchanga there is a complete gradation, moreover the name
Dicrurus belongs, as I have shown, to a fork -tailed Drongo 1 I therefore agree
with Gates (who was generally a great genus splitter !)and others, that Buchanga
must be united with Dicrurus. But to return to the so-called balicassius. It
is evident that this name, based on a Drongo with a deeply forked tail (see
descriptions and figures of BrLsson — ^vol. ii. pi. ii. fig. 1 — and Daubenton's pi. enl.
603) cannot be used for the species which differs from nearly all the others by
not having a forked tail. Therefore the Manila Drongo must henceforth be
called Dicrurus viridescens (Gould) : Edolius viridescens Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1836, p. 6, described from a Philippine skin in the Eyton collection,
examined by Viscount Walden (cf. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, iv. p. 180).)
46. Buchanga periophthalmica Salvad. = Dicrurus stigmatops periophthalmica.
Buchanga periophthalmica Salvadori, Ann. Mue. Civ. Oenova, xxxiv. p. 594 (1894 — ^Island of Si-
Oban in the Mentawei group, west of Sumatra).
Cotype : ? ad., Si-Oban, 27. iv. 1894. No. e of Salvadori's list. I.e. E.
Modigliani leg. No. 86.
This specimen is marked " Typus " by the author, but he marked all his
ten specimens " tipi della specie." One, therefore, is as good a type as the
others, all being, in fact, " cotypes," according to Oldfield Thomas's now
generally accepted nomenclature.
B. periophthalmica is undoubtedly a subspecies of stigmatops, which, how-
ever, might further be a form of cineracea.
47. Dicruropsis viridinitens Salvad. = Dicrurus (bracteatus) viridinitens.
Dicruropsis viridinitens Salvsidori, Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova, xxxiv. p. 593 (1894 — Si-Oban, Mentawei
group).
Cotype : <J ad., Si-Oban, 28. iv. 1894. Dr. E. ModigUani leg. No. 91.
Specimen b of Salvadori's list. (See note under No. 46.)
I have very little doubt that viridinitens, suluensis, guillemardi, meeki,
dejectus, manumeten, buruensis, and many others must be looked upon as sub-
species of bracteatus. In some of these forms long bristles stand on the fore-
head, but not always, probably in adult males, and possibly at certain seasons
only, others have never any. D. densus with its two subspecies seems to form
another species. (Cf. Novitates Zoologicae, 1902, p. 440.)
132 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919,
48. Dicrurus snlnensis Hart. = Dicrurus hracteatus svluensis.
IHcrvrus svluensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 441 (Sulu Islands).
Type: <J ad., Maimbun, Sulu Islands, 23. iv. 1883. Dr. H. Guillemard
leg.
49. Dicruropsis guillemardi Salvad. = Dicrurus hracteatus guillemardi.
Dicruropsia guillemardi Salvadori, Aggiunte Om. Pajmasia, ii. p. 94 (Mem. R. Accad. Torino, xi,
p. 220) (1890— Bisa).
Type : $ Island of Bisa, Obi group, 13.x. 1883. Dr. H. Guillemard leg.
Salvadori named this form, without having seen the skin, from Guillemard 's
remarks about his single specimen. I had overlooked the name ijuillemardi
when describing dohertyi.
t 50. Dicrurus dohertyi Hart. = Dicrurus hracteatus guillertiardi.
Dicrurus dohertyi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 441 (Obi Major).
Type : S ad., Obi Major, September 1897. W. Doherty leg.
In these birds males and females differ much in size, and probably the
former only have the long frontal bristles.
51. Dicrurus meeki Rothsch. and Hart. = Dicrurus (hracteatus) meeki.
Dicrurus meeki Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 110 (Guadalcanar).
Type : S ad., Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, 24. v. 1901. A. S. Meek leg.
No. 3188.
52. Cbibia carbonaria dejecta Hart. = Dicrurus (hracteatus) dejectus.
Chibia carbonaria dejecta Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1898. p. 522 (Sudest I.).
Type : cJ ad., Sudest Island, Louisiade group, 24. iv. 1898. A. S. Meek
leg. No. 1788.
This and meeki are of course subspecies of. each other and of carhonarius,
but can no doubt be associated \\ith hracteatus, to which carhonarius is sub-
specifically allied.
53. Dicrurus kahni Hart. = Dicrurus densus kiihni.
Dicrurus kiihni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 170 (Tenimber Islands).
Type: o ad., Larat, Tenimber Islands, 28.1.1901. Heinrich Kiilm leg.
No. 3078.
54. Dicrurus hottentottus manumeten Stres. = D. (hracteatus ?) manumeten.
Dicrurus hottentottus manumeten Stresemann, Nov. Zool. 1914. p. 148 (Ceram).
Type: tj, Manusela, Ceram (Seran), 2. vi. 1911. Erwin Stresemann leg.
No. 739.
I do not think that one can go so far as to place this form as a subspecies
of the Indian hottentottus \Wth its huge frontal hairs, but it might be a form of
the hracteatus group, though rather different. D. densus densus, D. densus
megalornis, and D. densus kiihni form a group by itself, with very long tails and
high beaks.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919. 133
55. Dicrorns (bracteatus ?) buruensis Hart., subsp. nov.
This very distinct form differs from D, amhoinensis, with which it lias
hitherto been united, by its considerably larger dimensions. While in D. (brac-
teatus ?) amhoinensis the wmg in males measures to about 150, in females to
140 or less, the wings in burnensis measure in males about 155, females about
145. The tail in ainhoinensis does not exceed about 146 or 147, in Buru speci-
mens it measures 166 — 178 mm. in males.
Type : cJ ad., " Mt. Madang," West Buru, 6. iii. 1902. Heinrich Kiihn leg.
No. 4712.
ORIOLIDAi:.
56. Oiiolus flnschi Hart. = Oriolus striatus finschi.
Oriolua finacU Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1904, p. 219 (Wetter).
Type: <J Wetter (Wetar) Island, north of Timor, 16. iv. 1901. Heinrich
Kiihn leg. No. 5604a.
I have decided to treat Oriolus finschi, as well as bouruensis, decipiens and
even viridijuscus, as subspecies of striatus. The latter is, in my opinion, the
most primitive of these forms, in which the sexes are still similar and heavily
striped, while the striping becomes more indistinct in the other forms, and the
sexes in finschi are ah-eady a little different, while they have reached the greatest
divergence in viridijuscus, the male of which, with its green head and back and
ashy throat and chest, seems to be quite different, while female and young are
quite similar to finschi.
In a most interesting discourse in Novitates Zoologicae, 1914, pp. 395-
400, Stresemann has discussed the origin of the well-knowTi similarity between
Orioles and Honey-eaters on Buru, Ceram, and other islands, and discredited
the recently quite popular theory of mimicry in these cases, explaining the
interesting phenomenon by an independent similarity of their course of develop-
ment. I follow these clever deductions with great interest, and 1 quite see,
and always felt, the weakness of the theory of mimicry in this case, because
there seemed to be no particular need for this extraordinary mimicry, and the
Honey-eater is no more able to withstand the attack of a hawk than the Oriole.
There is, however, one remarkable fact which requires some more explanation, and
which has not been mentioned by Stresemann : On the Timorlaut (Tenimbcr)
Islands the Philemon moluccensis timorlaoensis not onlj' resembles Oriolus striatus
decipiens so closely in coloration, as to make their similarity really deceptive, but
the Oriole has the feathers of the hind-neck also ruffled and defective, as is the
case in the Philemoii. It is perfectly true, that Wallace's statement that the
Buru-Oriole has an incipient knob at the base of the culmen is imagination,
and the same is, according to Stresemann, who has observed both birds in their
native home, the case with the supposed mimicry of voice and flight, but the
curious " defective " character of the neck-feathers, well known in the Phile-
mon, where they are often quite curly, is an evident fact in Oriolus s. decipiens
and also sometimes noticeable, at least during moult, in Oriolus s. bouruensis.
The reason for this cannot in my opinion be the moult alone, or if it should
be, it would be just as curious, as in other birds the hind neck-feathers do not
moult in this way, all at once, so as to produce the appearance of a Philemon-
neck.
134 NOVITATEa ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919,
57. Oriolus flavocinctus migrator Hart. = 0. flavocinctus migrator.
Oriolus ftavocinctns migrator Haitert, Noo. Zool. 1904. p. 218 (Letti, Moa, Roma).
Type : 3 ad., Letti Island, 4. xi. 1902. Heinrich Kiihn leg. No. 5907.
58. Oriolus bioderipi oscillans Hart. = 0. broderipi oscillans.
Oriolus broderipi oscillajis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 32 (Tukang Bessi Islands, S.E. of Celebes).
Type: <J ad., Binungku, Tukang Bessi Islands, 12. xii. 1901. Heinrich
Kiihn leg. No. 4201.
59. Oriolus celebensis meridionalis Hart. = Oriolus indicus meridionalis.
Oriolua celebensie meridionalis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 155 (South Celebes).
Type : <J ad., Indrulaman, S. Celebes, 2,000 ft., October 1895. Alfred
Everett leg.
A. Goodson has called my attention to the obvious fact, that celebensis and
other forms can only be looked upon as subspecies of 0. indicus, of which also
tenuirostris, tnacrurus, andamanensis, coronatus, maculatus and insularis are
subspecies.
60. Oriolus isabellae Ogilvie-Grant = Oriolus isabellae.
Oriolus isabellae Ogilvie-Grant, Bull, B.O. Club, iv. p, ii. (1894 — Northern Luzon).
Type: ?, Province Isabella, Central North Luzon, 4. v. 1894. John
Whitehead leg. No. 363.
61. Oriolus albiloris Grant = Oriolus albiloris.
Oriolus albiloris Grant, BuU. B.O. Club, iii p. xlix. (1894— Northern Luzon) ; Ibis, 1894. p. 604.
Type: $, Sablan, Benguet, North Luzon, 18. ui. 1894. John Wliitehead
leg. No. 333.
The original description compares this extraordinary new species \\-ith
O. samarensis, with which it has nothing to do. In both O. isabellae and
albiloris, according to Bourns and Worcester, the sexes are alike.
62. Oriolus monachus permistus Neum. = Oriolus monachus permistus.
Oriolus monachus permistus Neumann, Journ. f. Om. 1905, p. 233 (" Berge des Omogebietes ").
Type : ? ad., Gadat in Gofa, 3. ii. 1901. Oscar Neumann leg. No. 752.
STUBNIDAE.
t 63. LamprocoUus chloropterus schraderi Neum. = L. chalybeus chalybeus.
Lamprocolius chloropterus schraderi Neumann, Om. Monalsber. 1908. p. 65 (" Abyssinien, Schoa,
Omo-Gebiet ").
Type : S ad., Ailet in Northern Aby.ssinia, 15. iv. 1903. G. Schrader leg.
Besides the colour-diflferences described by Neumann, this form is generally,
though not always, smaller than L. chalybeus chloropterus from Senegal. Nubian
specimens, however, agree absolutely with schraderi ; I must therefore agree with
what Sclater and Praed said. Ibis, 1918, jjp. 429, 430.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 135
64. Lamprocolius sycobius nordmanni Hart, and Neum. = L. sycoUus
nordrnanni.
Lamprocolius sycobius nordmanni Hartert & Neumann, Orn. Monatsber. 1914. p. 11 (Mossamedee).
Type : <J ad., Huilla, Mossamedes, 23. vii. 1906. W. J. Ansorge leg. No.
2376.
65. Onychognathus intermedins Hart. = 0. fnlgidus intermedius.
Onycognalhus (should be Onychognathus) intermedius Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896, p. 56 (Lukolele,
Congo).
Type : ad., Lukolele, Congo. Rev. Harrison leg.
Sharpe and Shelley as well as Reichenow have united intermedius with
hartlaubi, but this is incorrect. Neumann {Journ. f. Orn. 1904, p. 568) has
explained that the type of 0. hartlaubi cannot have come from Fernando Po,
but must have been collected on the Lower Niger, where it is not rare, while
it has never yet been obtained on Fernando Po. The type agrcos absolutely
with a series collected on the Niger by the late Dr. Ansorge. It is true that
Salvadori, in 1903, in his list of the birds of Fernando Po, quotes Bocage, J orn.
Scienc. Lishoa (2), iv. No. xiii. p. 11, 1895, as authority for the occurrence on
Fernando Po, but Bocage only suggests that a flock of birds seen (not collected !)
there by F. Newton might have been 0. hartlaubi ! The Lower Niger birds,
therefore, must be looked upon as topotypical hartlaubi. Ten males from there
have the wings 125 — 132 (mostly about 128) mm. long, two females 120 — 122-5
mm. Two males from the Congo, two males and two females from the Kindu
forest and 320 km. west of Baraka, Congo Free State, collected by Rud. Grauer,
and two from North Angola (Ansorge leg.) agree with each other and differ
in being larger : wings, S3 134—136-5, ? 130—132 mm., and the bills are gener-
ally stouter, higher, not so pointed. These are my intermedius. Neumann
(Journ. f. Orn. 1904, p. 568) and Shelley (B. Africa, v. p. 105) credit me with
having named an " Amydrus niorio intermedius," but this was merely a slip of
memory by Neumann, and Shelley copied it from the latter, for I have never
given the name "intermedius" to a form of A. morio, though I described A.
morio shelleyi ! I may here add that A. morio shelleyi from East Africa is
actually intermediate between A. morio morio from South Africa and the much
larger ruppelliirom Abyssinia, but much nearer morio from which it only differs
slightly in size.
Onychognathus fulgidus harterti Neum. from the Gold Coast is also very
distinct by its much smaller size from both 0. f. fulgidus and hartlaubi, as well
as, of course, intermedius, which is not a well-chosen name.
66. Aplonis panayensis gusti Stres. = Aplonis panayensis gusti.
Aplonis panayensis gusti Stresemann, Nov. Zool. 1913. p. 375 (Bali).
Type: cj ad., Danau Bratan, Bah, 21.iii. 1911. E. Stresemann Coll.
No. 328.
67. Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus Stres. = Aplonis panayensis
leptorrhynchus.
Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus Stresemann, Nov. Zool. 1913. p. 377 (Pini Island, west of .Middle
Sumatra).
Type : " $ " ad., Pini. Raap coll. No. 34.
J3g NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
68. Calomis kuehni Hart. = Aplonis minor kuehni (Hartert).
Calomis huehni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 220 (Romah).
Tj-pe : <J ad., Romah Island, 25.,viii. 1902. Keirr. Kiihn leg. No. 5824.
69. Acridotheres iristatella brevipennis Hart. = Aethiopsar cristatellus
brevipennis.
Acridotheres cristatella brevipennis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1910. p. 250 (Hainan).
Type : cJ ad., Kiung-chan, Hainan, 14. xi. 1902. Katsumata leg.
70. Aethiopsar cristatellus formosanns Hart. = Aethiopsar cristatellujs
formosanus.
Aethiopsar cnstatellus formosanus Hartert, Bull. B.O. CM, xni p. 14 (Nov. 1912— Formosa).
Type: <? ad., Bankoro, Central Formosa, 6. v. 1907. Coll. by Alan
Owston's Japanese collectors. No. F. 112.
71. Leucopsar rothschildi Stres. = Leucopsar rothschildi.
Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, Bull. B.O. Chib, xxxL p. 4 (1912 — Bali). See alao Nov. Zool.
xix. pi. ii. fig. 1.
Type and unique specimen hitherto known : ? ad., Bubunan, Bali,
24.iii. 1911. Erwin Stresemann leg. No. 352.
72. Gracupica tertia Hart. = Gracupica melanoptera tertia.
Gracupica tertia Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 547 (Bali). See also Nov. Zool. 1912. pi. ii. 1913.
p. 374. (This bird is quite different from G. melanoptera, though one might treat it as a sub-
species of the latter.)
Type : <J ad., Bali, March 1896. William Doherty leg.
73. Goodfellowia miranda Hart. = Goodfellowia miranda.
Goodjellowia miranda Hartert, BuU. B.O. Club, xiv. p. 11 (1903 — Mindanao) ; Nov. Zool. xiii pL ii.
fig. 2.
Type : o ad., Apo volcano, Mindanao, 8,000 ft., April 1903. Walter Good-
fellow leg.
74. Stumus vulgaris granti Hart. = Sturnus vulgaris granti.
Sturnus vulgaris granti Hartert, Vog. pat. Fauna, i. p. 43 (1903— Azores).
Type: 3 ad., near .Santa Cruz, Graciosa, Azores, 22. iv. 1903. W. R.
Ogilvie-Grant leg. No. 446.
ICTEBIDAE.
75. Icterus xanthomus trinitatis Hart. = Icterus xanthormis trinitatis.
Icterus xanthomus trinitatis Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxiii. p. 76 (1913— Trinidad).
Type : <J ad.. Savannah Grande, Trinidad, 13. ii. 1897. Dr. Percy Kendall
leg. No. 56.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVT. 1919. 137
76. Icterus icterus ridgwayi Hart. = Icterus icterus ridgwayi.
Icterus icterus ridgwayi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 299 (Curasao and Aruba).
Type : <? ad., Aruba, 26. vi. 1892. Ernst Hartert leg. No. 105.
77. Molothrus occidentalis Beil. and Stolzm. = Molothrus bonariensis
occidentalis.
Molothrus occidentalis Berlepsch & Stolzraann, Proc. Zool, Sac. London, 1892. p. 378 (Lima, October
and November 1889, January 1890).
Cotype : cj ad., Lima, Peru, 10. xi. 1889. J. Kalinowski leg. No. 258
(marked " typus " by Stolzmann).
FLOCEIDAE.
78. Spermospiza haematina leonina Ncum. = Spermospiza haemcttina leonina.
Spermospiza haematina leonina Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1910. p. 523 (" Gambia bis Liberia").
Type : (J ad., Bo, Sierra Leone, viii. 1904. R. Kemp leg. No. 147.
The females do not differ at all, and sometimes males from Sierra Leone
have no dark red tips to the upper tail-coverts ! In two specimens, collected
by Major Kelsall, they are not visible ; one of them may be disregarded, as
some tail-coverts are wanting, but another, collected at Biwama, N.N.E. of
Bo, 13. ix. 1912, the tail-coverts are complete and have no trace of red tips.
On the other hand all our other specimens, i.e. those enumerated by Neumann,
I.e., and three further males from Major Kelsall, show the red tips distinctly.
Comparison of further material is desirable.
79. Amblyospiza aethiopica Neum. = Aniblyospiza alhijrons aethiopica.
Amblyospiza aethiopica Neumann, Orn. Monasiber. 1903. p. 9 (Malo, Kuffa).
Type: S ad., Uaja, Malo, 13. ii. 1901. Oscar Neumann leg. No. 795.
This subspecies is readily distinguished from unicolor, but very close to true
melanotus. The latter is said to have the head and neck lighter, more like
that of capitalha. I have no specimens from the White Nile to compare, and
nobody seems to have had a series for comparison. Koenig also obtained only
a single specimen. Cf. ZedUtz, Journ. f. Orn. 1916, p. 23.
80. Ploceus passerinus inJortunatus Hart. = Ploceus passerinus injortunatus.
Ploceus passerinus injortunatus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 578 (Malay Peninsula, type Sungai
Lebeh).
Type : <J ad., Sungei Lebeh, Malay Peninsula, 19. v. 1901. John Water-
stradt Coll.
81. Foudia omissa Rothsch. = Foudia rubra omissa.
Foudia omissa Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxi. p. 26 (1912 — Madagascar).
Type: 3 ad., Tamatave, Madagascar, 21. viii. 1891. Purchased from A.
Boucard.
igg NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAB XXVI. 1919.
82. Hyphantomis crocata Hartl. = Plocens (Hyphanturgns) ocularius crocatus.
Byphantomis crocata Hartlaub, Abhandl. nat. Verein Bremen, vii. p. 100 (1881—1 ? ad.. Magungo).
Type: cj ad., Magungo, 25, xi. 1879. Eniin Pasha leg. No. 152.
The grouping of the genera of African \\'eavers in Sharpe's Handlist is
quite impossible and unsuccessful. Symplectes (Sycobrotus) is perhaps separable.
Sitagra, Sharpia and Phormophlectes must be united. If split up as much
as pos.sible, Othyphantes, Heteryphantes (including aliena), and Hyphanturgns
may be kept separate, further Hyphantomis (with Xanthophilus and part of
Sharpe's Sitagra and Hyphanturgns), Hypermegestes, Melanopteryx, Pachyphantes,
and Brachycope. I do not say that I would finally advocate so much splitting
of genera, but the above arrangement would be sensible and logical, if unneces-
sary. (Cf. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, 1907, p. 492).
f 83. Ploceus ocularius abayensis Neum. = Ploceus {Hyphanturgns) ocularius
crocatus.
Ploceus ocularius abayensis Neumann, Jonrn. f. Orn. 1905. p. 339 (" Gigiro in Gudji ostlich des Abaya
—Sees "). Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. pp. 496, 497.
Type: ? ad., Gigiro, 25. xii. 1900. Type: Oscar Neumann leg., 497. No.
487.
Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn. 1916, pp. 13, 14, separates abayensis ; I regret to
say that the specimens before me do not bear out his statements of the dififer-
ences.
84. Ploceus ocularius po Hart. = Ploceus (Hyphanttcrgus) ocularius po.
Ploceus ocularius po Hartert, Nctv. Zool. 1907. p. 498 (Fernando Po).
Type : S ad.. Fish Town, Fernando Po, 2. i. 1904. E. Seimund leg. No.
3119.
85. Ploceus melanoxanthus malensis Neum. = Ploceus (Hyphanturgns)
nigricollis malensis.
Ploceus melanoxanthus malensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsber. 1904. p. 162 (Male-land). Cf. Journ. f.
Orn. 1905. p. 338.
Type : S ad., Schambala (or Barssa) River, Male-land, 19. i. 1901. Oscar
Neumann leg. No. 626.
86. Sycobrotus emini Hartl. = Ploceus (Othyphantes) emini emini.
Sycobrotus emini Hartlaub, Ornith. Centralbl. 1882. p. 92, Journ. f. Orn. 1882. p. 322 (Agaru).
Type : <J ad., Agaru, 30. iv. 1881. Emin Pasha leg. No. 101.
87. Ploceus insignis Jrater Neum. = Ploceus (Sitagra) insignis frater.
Ploceus insignis frater Neumann, Bull, B.O. Club, x.xiii. p. 12 (1908—" Country west of Lake Albert
Edward ").
Type : $ ad., Forest 90 km. west of Lake Edward, 16. ii. 1907. Rudolf
Grauer leg. No. 2055.
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAB XXVI. 1919. 139
88. Symplectes mentalis Hartl. = Ploceus {Symplectes) mentalis.
Symplecies mentalis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn. 1891. p. 314 (Bugudra).
Type: cJ ad., Buguera near Wadelai, 23. iii. 1889. Emin Pasha leg. (No. 1).
(The name Sytnplectes need not be rejected, as Meigen did not anticipate it.
His genus was called Symplecta !)
89. Ploceus graueri Hart. = Ploceus (Hyphantornis) nigriceps graueri.
Ploceus graueri Hartcrt, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 21 (1911 — Usumbura).
Type : S Usumbura, 31. iii. 1908. Rudolf Grauer leg. No. 2239.
I expect graueri, though easily distinguishable by the warm brown tinge of
the underside, must be a subspecies of P. [H.) nigriceps. The races of this
species require further study ; southern and northern birds (Natal and Zambesi
and Uganda !) are probably separable.
90. ploceus BohndorfH Rchw. = Ploceus (Hyphantornis) cucullatus iohndorffi.
Floeeus Bohndorffi Keichenow, Journ. j. Orn. 1887. p. 2U (" Stanley-Falle," Bohndorff ColL).
Type (or cotype) : <? ad., Stanley Falls, Congo, March. F. Bohndorff leg.
I quite agree with Oscar Neumann, who considers Ploceus abyssinicus
and hohndorffi to be subspecies of cucullatus. P. c. hohndorfp, is very closely
aUied to P. c. abyssinicus, but separable by the markings on the nape and hind-
neck, while the cJ of feminina has the black of the head more restricted. I do
not treat nigriceps as a subspecies of cucullatus, as the markings on the back of
the male are so very different. (See also This, 1918, p. 434.)
91. Ploceus heuglini neglectus Neum. = Ploceus (Hyphantornis) lieuglini neglectiis.
Ploceus heuglini neglectus Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 58 (1908 — " Upper Guinea, from Senegal
to the Niger ").
Type: S ad., Gassam, Senegal, 29. viii. 1907. F. W. Riggenbach leg.
No. 1254.
92. Ploceus aurantius rex Neum. = Ploceus (Hyphantornis) aurantius rex.
Ploceus aurantius rex Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 12 (1908 — "Uganda").
Type : <J, Entebbi, Uganda. Rud. Grauer leg.
93. Pachyphantes superciliosus omoensis Neum.
Pachyphantes superciliosus omoensis Neumann, Journ. /. Orn. 1905. p. 342 (Desor. from one single
$ from Omo, between Malo and Koscha).
This will most probably turn out to be a good subspecies, but one cannot
be certain about it from one female specimen. The supposed larger size does
not hold good, nor does the lighter coloration of the underside. The upperside
is very pale, but as the bird is in a worn plumage, even this requires confirmation.
The bill is only very sUghtly larger than that of some Unyoro specimens.
140 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
fQ-t. PloceusholoxanthusHartl. = Ploceus [Hyphantornis) aureoflavus aureoflavns.
Ploceus holoxanthus Hartlaub, Abh. not. Ver. Bremen, 1891. p. 22 (Mtoni on the Kingani River,
E. Airica).
Type : 3 ad., Mtoni, January. BohndorS leg.
In NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE, 1907, p. 499, I expressed my opinion that
P. holoxanthus could hardly be the same as aureoflavus. Zedlitz, Joitrn. f. Orn.
1916, pp. 20, 21, has examined more material and came to the conclusion that
the so-called holoxanthus were onlj' extreme yellow males, flavisms, as he calls
it. As I have no series to form an opinion, I can only accept Count Zedlitz's
view.
f 95. Ploceus rubiginosus cinnamominus Hart. = Ploceus [Melanopteryx)
rubiginosus trothae.
Plocevs rubiginosus cinnamominns Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 11 (1907 — S. Angola).
T^'pe : cj ad., Kimukua, Mossamedes, 14.iii. 1906. Dr. W. J. Ansorge
leg. No. 1436.
This excellent subspecies had alreadj' been named trothae by Reichenow
in 1905.
96. Malimbus malimbica melanobrephos Hart. = Malimhus nvtlimhicus
melanobrephos.
Malimhus malimbica melanobrephos Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 491 (" Upper Guinea from Liberia
to the Gold Coast and Togo ").
Type : S ad., Gold Coast (Fanti preparation) (No. 719).
97. Malimbus malimbicus crassirostris subsp. nov.
Formae Malimbus malimbicus malimbicus dictae persimilis, sed rostro orassiore facile distinguendus.
I have only one adult male, one apparently adult female, and a young bird
from Budongo Forest, Unyoro. All three are at once distinguishable by the thicker
beak, which appears more swollen, much wider at base, especially between the
nostrils. (Possibly the sincipital crest is more pointed and longer, but a series
would be necessary to prove this.)
Type : <? ad., Budongo Forest, Unyoro, 17. ii. 1907. L. M. Seth-Smith leg.
98. Uraeginthus bengalus perpallidus Neum. = Uraeginthus bengalus perpallidus.
Vraeginthiis bengalus perpallidus Neumann, Joum. j. Orn. 1905. p. 351 (White Nile).
Type: S ad. 15. or 16. vi. 1901 (not 14. or 15.), at Goz-abu-Guma or
Kaka, Upper White Nile. Oscar Neumann leg.
This form is very distinct, but specimens from Gondokoro (Seth-Smith)
are already distinctly darker, though by no means like ugandae.
99. Uraeginthus bengalus schoanus Neum. = Uraeginthus bengalus schoanus.
Uraeginthus bengalus schoanus Neumann, Joum. f. Orn. 1905. p. 350 (" Gebirge Sehoas und Sud —
" Athiopiens in Hohen von 2.200-3.000 m.").
Type: <J ad., Ejere, Province Meta, Shoa, 16. ix. 1900. Oscar Neumann
leg. No. 14.
NovrrATES Zoologicae XXVI. 1919. 141
100. Uraeginthus bengalus ugandae Zedl. = Uraeginthus bengalus ugandae.
Uraeginihus bengalus ugandae Zedlitz, Joxtrn. j. Orn. 1911. p. 606 ("Uganda, Victoria. See bis
Gazellen-Fe ").
Type : S ad., Entebbe, Uganda, 28. iv. 1907. Rud. Grauer leg. No. 76.
This form is very closely allied to schoanus, which is probably really its
nearest neighbour, as another, probably unnamed form, seems to separate it
near Gondokoro from perpallidvs. Only when a scries is compared it becomes
evident that the upperside is darker, and the wing generally, but not always
longer. A specimen collected by Dr. van Someren has a wing of 54 mm. The
distribution of schoanus is possibly wider than knowTi at present, but Mearns
described (Smithson. Misc. Coll. Ivi. No. 20. p. 6. 1911 !) an Uraeginthus bengalus
hrunneigularis from Wambugu, because the females had a brown throat. It
almost seems as if this were the case, while adult Uganda females have the
throat blue. Unless the specimens with brown throats which Mearns examined
are all juvenile (as they are in Uganda, etc.), his subspecies hrunneigularis would
be quite distinct, but the males seem to me to be exactly like the Ugand;i males.
If not different from ugandae, then the name hrunneigularis would have priority
over uganlae ! Unfortunately ZedUtz overlooked Mearns's name. He also
gave another new name, " naialensis" but that form must be called cyanogaster
Daud.
101. Estrilda atricapilla graueri Neum. = Estrilda atricapilla gratieri.
Estrilda atricapilla jrauert Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 55 (1908 — " Western Kivu Volcanoes ").
Type: 3 ad., foot of Mt. Sabjinjo, 2,700 m., i.ix. 1907. In bambco-
forest. Rud. Grauer leg. No. 1136.
102. Lagonosticta graueri Rothsch. = Estrilda cinereovinacca rudolfi, nom. nov. !
Lagonosticta graueri Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 102 (1909 — -" Forest near Baiaka, north-
west of Lake Tanganyika, 1,900 metres").
Type; 3 ad., forest north-west of Baraka, 11. xi. 1908. Rud. Grauer
Coll. "No. 3767.
I do not think that tlie genera Estrilda and Lagonosticta can be separated
at all, and even if they should be separable, cinereovinacea, of which graueri
Rothsch. is a subspecies, cannot be separated from Estrilda. If this view is
correct, a new name must be given to graueri Rothsch., because Neumann
named Estrilda atricapilla graueri in 1908. I propose for graueri Rothsch.
the new name :
Estrilda cinereovinacea rudolfi
derived from Grauer's Christian name. The type of this name would be the
same as that of graueri Rothsch. (The suspicion arises involuntarily, that this
is kandti Rchw. 1902, which may have been described from a young bird, but
the very short wing of the latter seems to exclude this possibility.)
103. Estrilda Cinderella Neum. = Estrilda Cinderella.
Estrilda Cinderella Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 44 (1908 — Benguella).
Type: cJ, Deep-Sloot, Benguella, 25. xi. 1905. W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 609.
More information is badly wanted about this masculine Cinderella, of which,
it seems, only this one specimen is known. It is doubtless a very distinct form.
142 NOVITATKB ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
104. Astrilda nonnula Haiti. = Estrilda twnnula.
Attrilda nonnula Hartlaub, Journ. j. Om. 1883. p. 425 (Kudunna) ; Fig. Zool. Jahrb. ii. pL xiii.
Type: ? immat., Kudurma, 12. xi. 1882. Emin Pasha Coll. No. 269.
105. Chlorura intermedia Hart. = Chlorura hyperythra intermedia.
ChloTura intermedia Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 558 (Lombok).
Type : o' ad., Lombok, 4,000 feet, June 1896. Will. Doherty leg.
106. Chlorura borneensis Sharpe = Chlorura hyperythra borneemis.
Chlorura horneensU Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), iii. p. 424 (1889— ex Ibis, 1887. p. 453. Kina
Balu, Borneo).
Type: <J ad., Kina Balu, 8,000 feet, 5.iv. 1887. John Whitehead leg.
No. 1312.
107. Erythrura trichroa vvoodfordi R. & H. = Erythrura trichroa xvoodfordi.
Erythrura trichroa woodjordi Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900. p. 7 (Guadakanar).
Type : ?, Ada, Guadaleanar, Solomon Islands, 30. vi. 1887. C. M. Woodford
leg.
108. Erythrvira trichroa papuana R. & H. = Erythrura trichroa papuava.
Erythrura trichroa papuana Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900. p. 7 (Arfak Mts.).
Type : S ad., Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea. (Purchased in
February 1894 from Gerrard & Sons.)
109. Erythrura trichroa pinaiae Stres. = Erythrura trichroa pinaiae.
Erythrura trichroa pinaiae Stresemann, Nov. Zool. 1914. p. 147 (Ceram).
Type: cj ad., Gunong Pinaia, Ceram, 7,500 feet, 18. viii. 1911. Erwin
Stresemann leg. No. 876.
110. Poephila nigrotecta Hart. = Alisteranus ductus nigrotectus.
PoephUa nigrotecta Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, viii. p. lix. (1899— Cape York, N. QueensUnd).
Type : 3 ad.. Cape York, 18. vi. 1898. A. S. Meek CoU., No. 1821.
(Cf. Mathews, List B. Australia, 1913, p. 304.)
111. Bathilda ruficauda clarescens Hart. — Aegintlia (Bathilda) rufica-uda
clarescens,
Bathilda ruficauda clarescens Hartert, Nov. Zool. vi. p. 427 (1899— Cape York).
Type: <J ad.. Cape York, North Queensland, 14. vi. 1898. A. S. Meek
CoU., No. 1794.
The genus Bathilda should, I think, be united with Aegintha. " Bathilda
clarescens " is undoubtedly a subspecies of ruficauda, yet Sharpe (Handlist B.
V. p. 446) placed it in the genus Aegintha, while he allowed a special genus,
Bathilda, for ruficauda. Mathews (1913) put clarescens, of course, in its correct
place, while placing ruficauda and its various subspecies under the generic name
Bathilda.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAB XXVI. 1919. 143
112. Munia nigeriima Rothsch. & Hart. = Munia nigerrima.
Munia nigerrima Rothsch. & Hart., Orn. Monatsber. 1899. p. 139 (New Hanover),
Type : <S, Nevy Hanover, 1897. Capt. Cailey Webster leg.
11.3. Munia subcastanea Hart. = Munia subcastanea.
Munia subcastanea Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1897. p. 161 (Dongala).
Type : <S ad., Dongala, Pales Bay, West Celebes, viii. 1896. William
Doherty leg.
{Munia subcastanea should probably be a subspecies of Munia pallida, but
the latter occurs also in Celebes, at least in South Celebes, near Makassar, from
where we have received specimens.)
114. Munia caniceps kumusii Hart. = Munia caniceps kumvsii.
Munia caniceps kumusii Hartert, BuU. B.O, Club, xxtu. p. 47 (1911 — Kumusi River).
Type: ^ ad., Kumusi River, north-eastern British New Guinea, 5. viii.
1907. Albert S. Meek Coll., No. 3372.
115. Munia punctulata blasii Stres. = Munia punciulata blasii.
Munia punctulata blasii Streaemann, Nov, Zool. 1912. p. 317 (Timor),
Type : <J ad., Dilly (DeU), Timor, 12. iii. 1885. Collected by Dr. Platen.
116. Hypochaera wilsoni Hart. = Hypochaera funerea wilsoni.
Hypochaera wilsoni Hartert, Nov, Zool. 1901. p. 342 (Yelwa, Borgu).
Type : <? ad., Yelwa, Borgu, Niger, 2. viii. 1899. Captain Malcolm Wilson
leg.
(Cf. NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE, 1915. p. 263, and Ibis, 1918. pp. 449-450.)
117. Pytelia phoenicoptera emini Hart. = Pytelia j)hoenicoplera emini.
Pytelia phoenicoptera emini Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1899. p. 413 (Lado).
Type: Lado, 14. vi. 1881. Emin Pasha leg. No. 169.
118. Pytelia ansorgei Hart. = Nesocharis ansorgei (Hart.).
Pytelia ansorgei Hart«rt, Bull. B.O. Club, x. p. xxvi. (1899 — Tom).
Type: cj ad., Wemo River, Torn, Uganda Protectorate, 21. iv. 1899.
W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 379.
It is, apparently, not possible to keep this species in the genus Pytelia,
and the generic name Nesocharis, though very inappropriate, as the birds of
this group are mostly not inhabitants of islands, must be adopted.
We have also a paratype of Nesocharis shelleyi Boyd Alexander (Bull. B.O.
Club, xiii. p. 48, 1903) from Fernando Po.
144 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
119. Pyrenestes ostrinus rothschildi Neum. = Pyrenestes ostrinus rothschildi.
Pyrenestes ostrinus rothschildi Neumann, Journ. j. Orn. 1910. p. 528 (Niger-Delta to Lagos and
North Kamenin).
Type : cj ad., Warri, Lower Niger, 11. v. 1897. Dr. Felix Roth leg.
120. Pyrenestes ostrinus gabunensis Neum. = Pyrenestes ostrinus gabunensis.
Pyrenestes ostrinus gabunensis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1910. p. 528 {South Kamerun and Gaboon,
to Manyanga on the Congo and the Uelle district).
Type: ? ad., Lambarene, Ogowe, Gaboon, 22. ix. 1907. W. J. Ansorge
leg. No. 756. (On the label: Iris red-brown. Feet brownish oUve. Bill
steel-black, but middle of upper near root steel-blue.'")
f 121. Nigrita sparsimguttata Rchw. = Nigrita canicapilla schistacea.
Nigrila sparsimguttata Keichenow, Ber. allg. D. Orn. Ges. is. p. 4 (December 1891 ; Journ. j. Orn.
1892, p. 132— Bukoba).
Cotype : adult, Bukoba. Eniiii Pasha leg.
The name Nigrita schistacea Sharpe was published in January, N. spar-
simguttata in December 1891. The two are doubtless identical.
t 122. Nigrita dohertyi Hart. = Nigrila diaboUca Rchw. & Neum. 1895.
Nigrita doAcrtj/s Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xii. p. 12 (1901 — Escarpment).
Type : cJ ad., Escarpment, Brit. E. Africa, S.500 feet, March 1891. William
Doherty leg.
123. Plocepasser mabali ansorgei Hart. = Plocepasser mahali ansorgti.
Plocepasser mahali ansorgei Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 487 (Benguella).
Type : 3 ad., Kawayella, BengueUa, 12. vii. 1904. W. J. Ansorge, No. 292.
124. Pyramelana franciscana pusilla Hart. = Pyromclana franciscana piisiUa.
Pyromelana jranciscana pusilla Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xi. p. 71 (June 1901 — Lake Stephanie).
Type: 5, Lake Stephanie, 7. vi. 1895. Dr. Donaldson Smith leg. No. 655.
There is in my opinion no doubt whatever that pusilla is a very " good "
subspecies. When naming it, I referred to the small size only, but I am now
of opinion that one cannot rely on this, though such small specimens as we have
from Somaliland do not seem to occur in the west. The real difference, i.e.
the shorter upper and under tail-coverts, which do not reach the end of the
tail, has first been pointed out by Neumann (Journ. /. Orn. 1905. p. .346). I
am, however, of opinion that all N.E. African specimens belong to pusilla, the
tail-coverts being shorter and less copious in all males. I don't agree with
Count Zedlitz (Journ. /. Orn. 1916. p. 27) that this varies individually, as I
found it quite constant, apart, of course, from moulting specimens. Generally
the red is less fiery than in western examples, but the back of adult males in
nuptial plumage is only generally, not invariably more spotted and brownish.
Possibly the West African P. jranciscana franciscana ranges — as in many other
cases — through the Sudan eastwards to the Nile and Akobo. The male shot
by Oscar Neumann at the latter place (v. Journ. f. Orn. 1905. p. 345), a male
from Khartum, and one obtained on the Lower Atbara by Captain Stanley
Flower, appear certainly to belong to the true pranciscana, not to pusilla !
NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIOAB XXVI. 1919. 145
125. Pyromelaena ansorgei Hart. = Pyromelaena ansorgei (? P. friedrichseni
ansorgei).
Pyromelaena ansorgei Hartert, Ansorge's Under the African Sun, p. 344, pi. U. (1899 — ^Masindi,
Unyoro).
Type: <?, Masindi, Unyoro, 17. vi. 1897. Dr. W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 147.
Cf. Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 47. Possibly this bird may be a
subspecies of P. friedrichseni, though perfectly distinct.
t 126. Penthetria hartlaubi Cab. = Pyromelaena ansorgei.
Penlheiria Hartlaubi Cabanis (nee Socage !), Journal f. Orn. 1883. p. 218 (" Lado." Ex Hartlaub,
Abh. not. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 202, sub nomine P. concolor).
Type : S (in winter dress), Wakkala (or Okkela, east-south-east of Lado),
7.iv. 1881. Emin Pasha leg. No. 24.
f 127. Coliuspasser dubiosus Neum. = Pyromelaena ansorgei.
Colitispasser dubioma Neumann, Jvam. /. Orn. 1905. p. 348 (Gelo or Akobo, April or May 1901).
Type : $ (in winter dress), CJelo or Akobo, April or May 1901. Oscar
Neumann leg.
Cf. Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 47, December 1908.
t 128. Ploceus flavissimus Neum.
Plocetis flavissimus Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 595 (Soullouk^).
Type: <J, 22. viii. 1904. No. 460.
The type — a single specimen ! — ^mostly canary-yellow and with white
shafts to primaries and rectrices, with strongly worn tips to the quills, so much
abraded, in fact, that the wings cannot be properly measured, is in my opinion
evidently an aberrant specimen, and the case of xanthopterus is quite different.
Probably this bird is an aberration of P. galbula, though Neumann denies it.
f 129. Urobrachya phoenicae quanzae Hart. = Urobrachya axillaris
mechowi.
Urobrachya yhoenicea quanzae Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xiii. p. 56 (1903 — Quanza River).
Type: (J ad., Burraca, Quanza River, Angola, 28. v. 1901. C. Hubert
Pemberton leg. No. 561.
When describing this supposed new form, our African collection was still
very small. I sent the specimen to Reichenow, who wTote on the label " Uro-
brachya sp. n. aff. hildebrandti," after which I had no doubt that 1 had a new
species, or rather subspecies before me. It is strange that Reichenow did not
refer to mechowi, and also in his Vog. Afr. iii. p. 133 united mechowi with bocagei
and kept my quanzae separate. He distinguishes mechowi (which he unites
with bocagei) as having the small upper wing-coverts orange-yellow, while he
calls those of my quanzae fire-red. Cabanis, in the original description,
calls the lesser upper coverts of mechowi " hochgelb," but in spite of this,
I think that Shelley {B. Afr. iv. p. 68) was right in uniting quanzae with
mechowi, which is not at all the same as bocagei. U-. axillaris bocagei inhabits only
Benguella (Caconda, Huilla, Kuvali River, Caculovar River). It is a much
10
146 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919'
smaller bird, with the bill smaller, wings (males) 83 — 87 mm., and the cinnamon
bases of the outer primaries show well in front of the under wing-coverts. U.
axillaris niechowi inhabits the valley of the Quanza River in Angola, where it
has been found at Barraca, Cunga, Malanje, Colombo, also northwards at
Duque de Braganza. This bird is closely allied to bocagei but larger, bill larger,
wing 94 — 99 mm. ; the lesser wing-coverts seem to vary, and in our two speci-
mens (only one — not two as Shelley said — collected at Barraca by Pemberton,
and one shot at Cunga by Ansorge) they are rather brighter orange than is
bocagei, but more yellowish in the specimen in the British Muteum from Colombo.
I have now no doubt that these forms are subspecies, not only of phoenicea,
but also of axillaris. The idea of Shelley, that this form ranges to Karungwesi
on the Kolongatsi, which runs into Lake Meru, and to Uganda, remains to be
proven. It is not possible to identify specimens in winter dress with absolute
certainty, therefore Karung\vesi remains doubtful, and of the occurrence in
Uganda I know nothing.
130. Diatropura progne ansorgei Neum. = Diatropura progne aiisorgei.
Diatropura progne oJisorjci Neumann, BuU. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 45 (1908 — Angola and Benguella).
Type: <J ad., Bulu-bulu, Bihe, Angola, 3.x. 1904. Xo. f 169. \V. J.
Ansorge leg.
It is strange that this strikingly different fcrm had not Leen noticed before.
131. Steganura paradisea aucupum Neum. = Steganura paradisea aucupum.
Stegarmra paradisea aucupum. Neumann, BuU. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 43 (January 1908 — " Upper Guinea,
especially Seuegambia ").
Type: (J ad., Diourbel, Senegal Colony, 8.x. 1907. F. W. Riggenbach
leg. No. 1638.
In the original description the date is given as " 8. viii. 1907," but the
specimen is marked " Oct." and October is the tenth month of the year.
132. Hypargos haiterti Shell. = Lagonosticta nitidula harterti.
Hypargos harterti Shelley, Bull, B.O. Club, liv. p. 30 (Dec. 1903 — new name for Lagonosticta nitidula
HartL 1886).
Type: <J ad., Sagua, Quanza River, Angola, 21. v. 1901. C. Hubert
Pemberton leg.
\ There is no necessity to reject the name nitidula of 1886, as " Estrelda
nitidula " Hartlaub, 1865, is not congeneric with liis Lagonosticta nitidula of
1886. This has already been stated by Bannerman, Ibis, 1910, p. 682, but it
is not, as Bannerman has it, the "attenuated extremity of the first primary "
(more correctly the second!) which separates "Hypargos" from Lagonosticta,
but on the contrary the fact that in Hypargos it is not attenuated ! The attenua-
tion of the second primary, moreover, is, though very remarkable, not found
in all species of Lagonosticta of Shelley and there arc intermediate forms. The
genera can therefore by no means be grouped as Shelley has done it, and Hypargos
and Lagonosticta cannot be separated by the shape of the second primary, and
thus Lagonosticta nitidula Hartl. 1886 must remain in the genus Lagonosticta.
On the other hand, Estrelda nitidula Hartl. 1865 differs very much by the short-
NOVITATBS ZOOLOOICAi: XXVI. 1919. I 147
ness of its tail ! The bill is comparatively large, the first primary minute, the
second normal, not attenuated, and very little shorter than the third, fourth,
and fifth. I propose for this species the new generic name :
Mandingoa, gen. nov.
Judging from two adult males collected by Rudolf Grauer 80 km. north of
Kasongo, which I take to be typical nitidula (described from Lake Tangan-
yika), the Lagonosticta harterti is not quite identical with nitidula, the latter being
darker, more brownish on the abdomen, and the white spots on the chest
smaller, while the vinous pink of the throat and breast appears to be brighter.
These birds will therefore have to be called Lagonosticta nitidula nitidula, while
the Angolan form will be Lagonosticta nitidula harterti.
133. Lagonosticta senegala rendalli Hart. = Lagonosticta senegala rendalli.
Lagonosticta senegala rendalli Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1898. p. 72 (Upper Shir6 River).
Type: S ad., Upper Shire River, B.C. Africa, 9. v. 1895. Dr. Percy
Rendall leg. No. 13.
134. Lagonosticta senegala abayensis Neum. = Lagonosticta senegala abayensis.
Lagonosticta senegala abayensis Neumann, Joum. /. Orn. 1905. p. 349 (Giditsoho Island, Lake Abaya),
Type : J ad., Giditscho Is., Lake Abaya, 27. xii. 1900. Oscar Neumann
leg. No. 502.
f 135. Lagonosticta senegala erythreae Neum. = Lagonosticta senegala brunneiceps.
Lagonosticta senegala erythreae Neumann, Joum, /, Orn, 1905. p. 349 (" Bogosland, Erythrea ").
Type : (J ad., Adarte, 16. xi. 1899 (not 16. ii. 1899 as quoted by Neumann).
G. Schrader leg.
There can be no doubt that erythreae is the same as brunneiceps from Eritrea.
See under 136.
136. Lagonosticta senegala pallidicrissa Zedl. = Lagonosticta senegala
pallidicrissa.
Lagonosticta senegala pallidicrissa Zedlitz, Orn. Monateber. 1910, p, 173 (Angola).
Type : S ad., Humpata, Mossamedes, 16. ii. 1906. W. J. Ansorge leg.
No. 276.
A useful review of the subspecies of Lagonosticta senegala is given by Count
Zedlitz in Orn. Monatsber. 1910, pp. 171-174. There is, however, an error in
it, under which also Neumann, Joum. j. Orn. 1905, p. 349, laboured, and for
which our late friend R. Bowdler Sharpe is really responsible. When Sharpe
Cai. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 277, 1890, first named Lagonosticta brunneiceps, he
united under this name specimens of various subspecies, viz. from " North-
eastern Africa throughout Eastern Africa, and the south-east and south-west
portions of the continent," and he unfortunately omitted to fix any "terra
typica " or any tjrpe ! Neumann (Joum. f. Orn. 1905, p. 349) called two males
irom the Gelo River L. s. brunneiceps, and described L. s. erythreae and abayensis.
The two " brunneiceps " from the G!elo should belong to the pale brunneiceps,
148 NOTITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
but (one especially.) are badly worn and rather difficult to name. His abayensis
is evidently a distinct form, and his erythreae much paler. In the same year,
however, Shelley (B. Africa, iv. i. pp. 258. 259) informed us which was Sharpe's
type, i.e. a bird collected by Jesse at Maragaz in Northern Abyssinia. If the
type locality had been fixed before, Shelley's statement would have been cf
no avail, as one could net have proved whether the label had been marked as
type in 1890 or later, but as that had not been done, Shelley's action must be
followed. Therefore L. s. erythreae is a synonym of brunneiceps (s.s.). In
Zedlitz's list therefore erythreae must be eliminated, and probably " carlo," said
to inhabit the Hawash Valley and North Somaliland, is also identical with
brunneiceps, at least 1 cannot see the differences described by Zedlitz. The
South African form, which Zedlitz called brunneiceps, thus restricting, but too
late, that name to the southern form, is probably not separable frcm rendalli,
but more material is necessary to decide this finally.
137. Lagonosticta rhodopareia ansorgei Neum. = Lagonosticta rhodopareia
ansorgei.
Lagonosticta rhodopareia ansorgei Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxL p. 58 (Febr. 1908 — Angola).
Type : o ad., Kabisombo River, Quillenges, Benguella, i. ii. 1905. W. J.
Ansorge leg. No. 364.
138. Estrilda paludicola benguellensis Neum. = Estrilda paludicola benguellensis.
Estrilda paludicola benguellensis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 96 (May 1908 — Benguella).
Type : o, Que River, Benguella, 14. i. 1906. W. J. Ansorge leg.
139. Amandina fasciata alexanderi Neum. = Amandina fasciata alexanderi.
Amandina fasciata alexanderi Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 43 (Dec. 1908 — " East Africa
from North Abyssinia, through Shoa and Somaliland, to German East Africa ").
Type : o ad., Waram, Hawash River, Shoa, 9. vi. 1903. P. Zaphiro leg.
TAN-AGKIDAE.
t 140. Nemosia rosenbergi Rothsch. = H emithraupis (Erythrothlypis)
salmoni (Scl.).
Nemosia rosenbergi Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xii. p. vi. (Oct. 1897 — Cachab^, N.W. Ecuador).
Type : <J ad., Cachabe, 500 ft., 13. xi. 1896, W. F. H. Rosenberg leg. No. 28.
The male with its scarlet upperside is a very striking, beautiful bird. No-
body could, when Mr. Rosenberg had discovered it, imagine that the dull
yellowish olive " Dacnis salmoni " of Sclater would be the same species. Never-
theless it is so. In NoviTATEs Zoologicae, 1898, p. 484, 1 had said already
that possibly " Dacnis salmoni " might be the female of the same, or a
closely allied form. Count Berlcpsch having explained to me in the British
Museum, that it was not a Dacnis at all, but what we then called Nemosia. This
was proved beyond doubt by Hellmayr, Novitates Zoologicae, 1906, p. 317,
and Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, vol. ii. pp. 1116, 1117. Cf. also Berlepsch,
Verh. V. Int. Orn. Kongress, p. 1081, where salmoni has been made the type
NoviTATEs Zooi,oGicAE XXVI. 1919. 149:
of a new genus. It seems to me that the latter, Erythrothlypis Berl., must be
accepted, if Chrysothlypis is accepted. See also Chapman, Distr. Bird-Life,
Colombia,^. 617, 1917.
141. Nemosia flavicollis centralis Hellm. = Hemithraupis fiavicollis centralis.
Nemoaia fiavicollis centralis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1907. pp. 350, 352 (" Western Brazil : Eumaytha,
Bio Madeira, Mattogrosso, N.E. Bolivia ").
Type : o ad., Humaytha on the Rio Madeira, 17. ix. 1906. W. Hoffmanns
leg. No. 1253.
142. Cypsnagra ruficollis paJlidigula Hellm. = C'ypsnagra hirundinacea pallidigula.
Cypsnagra ruficollis pallidigula Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 350 (Humaytha).
Type : 3 ad., Humaytha, Rio Madeira, 24. ix. 1906. W. Hoffmanns leg.
No. 1290.
143. Tachyphonus surinamus insignis Hellm. = Tachyphonus surinamus insignis.
Tachyphonus surinamus insignis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 357 (" I>ower Amazons from Para
westwards to Borba." Type : Bemfica).
Type : S ad., Bemfica near Para. J. B. Steere leg.
144. Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae Hellm. = Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae.
Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae Hellmayr, Ncni. Zool. 1910. p. 277 (" Rio Madeira valley and its
headwaters ").
Type: <J ad.. Calama, Rio Madeira, 2. viii. 1907. W. Hoffmanns leg. No.
329.
145. Rhamphocoelus inexpectatus Rothsch. = Ramphocelus inexpectatus.
ShamphocoHtts inexpectatus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, vi. p. xxxii. (February 1897 — Panama,
from preparation).
Type : S ad., Panama. (Trade-skin, bought from K. Dunstall).
Another specimen received afterwards agrees with the type, but the yellow
colour is less golden, more sulphur yellow, and there is not quite so much black
on the abdomen, there are no yellow edges to the feathers of the occiput, but
some on the sides of the head.
146. Rhamphocoelus dnnstalli Rothsch. = Ramphocelus dunstalli.
Shamphocoelus dunstalli Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 1895. p. 481 (Central America, probably Panama,
from preparation).
Type : <J, Panama. (Trade-skin bought from K. Dunstall).
A second male from the collection of Comte de Dalmas, bought in 1896
from Sciama, a feather-dealer in Paris, is perfectly similar to the type, only the
red of the underside a shade darker.
It is strange that no more information has come forth about these two
birds. No collector has ever come across them. If they are two distinct species
they must have a very restricted habitat, and no doubt they came from the
same place, arriving about the same time (1895 and 1896) and being prepared
in the same manner.
jg^ NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
t 147. Ramphocelus chrysopterus Bouc. = Ratnpkocelus chrysonotus.
Ramphocelus chrysopterus Boucard, Humming Bird, i. p. 53 (July 1891—" State of Panama, Co-
lumbia ").
Type (or cotypes, the author having had two specimens, both in tlie Tring
Museum, both marked by the author " typical specimen ") : <J, Panama. Bought
from A. Boucard 1891.
The name seems to suggest that there is yellow on the wings, but probably
Boucard meant to say " chrysonotus," because of the yellow lower back, or to
coin a name meaning golden-rumped. The lower back and rump as well as
nearly all upper tail-coverts are golden orange-yellow, all the rest of the plumage
black. In chrysonotus the rump varies from deep orange-red to orange -yellow.
14£. Buthraupis rothschildi Berl. = Buthraupis rolhschildi.
Buthraupis rothschildi Berlepsch, Bull. B.O. Club, vii. p. iii. (Oct. 1897— CachaW, Ecuador).
Type : cJ ad., Cachabe (Cachabi, Cachave), North Ecuador, 500 ft.,
17.xii. 1896. W. F. H. Rosenberg leg. No. 166.
See fig. NoviTATES Zoologicab, 1898, pi. ii. fig. 2.
149. Calliste mexicana media Berl. & Hart. = Calliste mexicana media.
GdUiste mexicana media Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 19 (Orinoco region o£ Venezuela),
Type : <S ad., Maipures, River Orinoco, 12. xii. 1898. George K. and Stella
Cherrie leg. No. 11,451.
(Though the difference of one letter is quite sufficient to distinguish two
names, in this case Calliste Boie 1826 has been considered preoccupied by Callista
Pali 1791, by American authors, because the two words are only different Latin
renderings of the Greek KaWL<;Tr]. Thus Calospiza Gray has been used, but it
seems to be that American authors now more correctly use the name Tangara).
150. Tangara aurulenta goodsoni Hart. = Calliste aurulenta goodsoni.
Tangara aurulenta goodsoni Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxiii. p. 78 (Dec. 1913— W. Ecuador).
Type : 3 ad., Gualea, W. Ecuador, August 1898. Walter Goodfellow and
Hamilton leg.
(Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, xxxiii. p. 188, 1914 ; Dist. Bird-life
Colombia, p. 595, 1917, described another race which he called Tangara aurulenta
occidentalis, from the subtropical zone of the western Andes. This race appears
to be quite recognizable, but two of our " Bogota " trade-skins agree well with
goodsoni, except in having a somewhat small bill. I doubt, however, if the size
of the bill is constant enough to serve as distinguishing any of these forms.) ^ ^
151. Calliste johannae Dalmas = Calliste johannae.
CaUiste johannae Dalmas, BuU. B.O. Club, xi. p. 36 (December 1900—" El Paillon," near Buena-
rentuia).
Type: <J, El Pailon, near Buenaventura, W. Colombia, 9. v. 1899. E.
Andre leg.
See figure. Ibis, 1901.
(In December 1900 I drew up a description of a specimen collected by R.
Miketta at Paramba, N. Ecuador, but at the meeting of the B.O. Club, when I
I^OVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. ISl
laid it before the members, the chairman, our unforgettable P. L. Sclater, read
the description sent by Comte de Dalmas, and I withdrew my new name. Comte
de Dalmas had, at that time, a fine collection of South American birds, but a
few years later he gave it up, as part of it had been destroyed by moths. We
were fortunate to acquire the rest, except all Humming Birds, which went into
Mr. Simon's collection, for the Tring Museum. Comte de Dalmas then turned
his energy and intelligence to fishing, chess-playing, and flying, apparently one
after the other, and recently to the study of spiders, in which he has become,
I understand, quite an authority.)
f 152. Calliste emiliae Dalmas <= Tangara lavinia lavinia.
CaUiste emiliae Dalmas, Bull. B.O. Club, xi. p. 35 (Dec. 1900 — San Jos^ and El PaiUon).
Type : <? ad., San Jose, near Buenaventura, 27. v. 1899. E. Andre leg.
153. Tanagrella velia signata Hellm. = Tanagrella velia signata.
Tanagrella velia signata Hellmayr, Bull. B.O. Club, xv. p. 90 (July 1905 — Para, N.E. Brazil).
Type : <J ad., Para. J. B. Steere leg.
154. Euphonia fulvicrissa purpurascens Hart. = Euphonia fulvicrissa purpurascens.
Euphonia fulvicrissa purpurascens Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 370 (Pambilar and San Javier in
N.W. Ecuador).
Type : S, Pambilar, N.W. Ecuador, 60 feet, 15. ix. 1900. S. Flemming leg.
No. 603.
155. Euphonia fulvicrissa omissa Hart. = Euphonia fulvicrissa omissa.
Euphonia fulvicrissa omissa Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxiii. p. 77 (Dec. 1913 — Colombia ; Noanami
and " Bogota Collections ").
Type : J ad., ex native Bogota collections. Per Coll. Comte de Dalmas.
156. Euphonia elegantissima vincens Hart. = Euphonia elegantissima vincens.
Euphonia elegantissima vincens Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxiii. p. 77 (Deo. 1913 — " Costa Rica and
Chiriqui ").
Type : <J ad., San Jose, Costa Rica, 20. i. 1898. C. F. Underwood leg.
COESEBIDAE.
157. Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Berl. & Hart. = Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei.
Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 16 (Munduapo, Orinoco).
Type : <J ad., Munduapo, Orinoco, 23. ii. 1899. Geo. K. and Stella Cherrie
leg. No. 12,087.
158. Dacnis berlepschi Hart. = Dacnis berlepschi.
Dacnis berlepschi Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xi. p. 37 (1900— Lita, N.W. Ecuador).
Type : $ (erroneously marked " S "), Lita, N.W. Ecuador, 3,000 feet,
13. X. 1899. G. Flemming leg. No. 339.
For description of adult male and figures see Novitates Zoologicae, 1901,
p. 371, plate v.
When I showed the comparatively simple coloured female, at first beUeved
162 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919,
to be a male, to the late Count Berlepsch, he wrote on the label " Dacnis sp. nqv. !,
a great discovery," but his excitement, -when he saw the beautiful male, was
such as only men with his boundless interest and love for birds could evince.
159. Diglossa pectoralis niiieincta Hellm. = Diglossa pectoralis unicincta.
Diglossa pectoralis unicincta Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1905. p. 504 (Levanto, Peru).
Type : J ad., Levanto, North Peru, 9,000 feet, 13. xi. 1894. 0. T. Baron
leg.
160. Coereba Inteola montana Lowe = Coereba luieola moniana.
Coereba luieola montana Lowe, Ibis, 1912. p. 509 (Merida).
Type : <? ad., Merida, Venezuela, 20. ii. 1897, 1,600 m. Salomon Briceno
leg.
FKINGILLIDAE.
161. Geospiza darwini Rothsch. & Hart. = Geospiza conirostris darwini.
Geospiza darwini Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899. p. 158 (Culpepper Island, Galapagos la.).
Type : <J ad., Culpepper Island, 27. vii. 1897. R. H. Beck leg. Cf. Novi-
TATES ZOOLOGICAE, 1902, p. 389.
162. Geospiza propinqua Ridgw. = Geospiza conirostris propinqua.
Geospiza propinqua Eidgway, Proc. V,S, Nat, Mus. xTii. p. 361 (1894 — Tower Island).
Type: S ad., Tower Island, Galapagos Is., 2. ix. 1901. G. Baur leg.
(From spirits.)
163. Geospiza tauri Ridgw. = Geospiza diibia bauri.
Geospiza bauri Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xrii. p. 362 (1894— James Island).
Type : ^ ad., James Island, Galapagos, 17. viii. 1891. G. Baur leg.
164. Geospiza dubia simillima Rothsch. & Hart. = Geospiza dubia simillhna.
Geospiza dubia simillima Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899. p. 161 (Charles Island).
Type : (J ad., Charles Island, Galapagos, 4. xi. 1897. Hall leg.
165. Geospiza fuliginosa minor Rothsch. & Hart. = Geospiza fuliginosa minor.
Geospiza fuliginosa minor Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899. p. 162 (Bindloe and Abingdon
Islands).
Type: <? ad., Bindloe Island, Galapagos, 5. ix. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
(From spirits. )
166. Geospiza acntirostris Ridgw. = Geospiza acutirostris.
Geospiza acutirostris Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 363 (1894— Tower Island).
Type : (J ad.. Tower Island, Galapagos. G. Baur leg. (From spirits.)
NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 15S
167. Geospiza harterti Ridgw. = Geospiza harterti.
Geospiza harterti Ridgway, B.N. <t Middle Amer. i. p. 507 (1901 — Chatham Idand. Ex EothsohUd
& Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899, p. 163 !)
Type : S ad., Chatham Island, Galapagos, 8. ix. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
(Ex spirits.) (Cf. Novitates Zoologicae, 1902, p. 396.)
168. Creospiza scandens septentrionalis Rothsch. & Hart. = G. scandens
septentrionalis.
Geospiza scandens septentrionalis Rotheohild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899. p. 165 (Wenman & Cul-
pepper Islands).
Type : (J ad., Wenman Island, Galapagos, 4. viii. 1897. Harris leg.
f 169. Geospiza barringtoni Ridgw. = Geospiza scandens fatigata.
Geospiza harringUmi Kidgway, Proc. V.S. Nat. Mus. xvii p. 361 (1894 — Barrington Island).
Type : S ad., Barrington Island, Galapagos, vii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
(Ex spirits.) Cf. Novitates Zoologigae, 1899, p. 164.
t 170. Camarhynchus productus Ridgw. = Geospiza pallida.
Camarhynchus proditctus Ridgway, U.S. Nat. Mus. svii. p. 364 (1894 — Albemarle Island).
Type: (J, Albemarle Island, 31. vii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg. Cf. Novitates
Zoologicae, 1899, p. 165.
t 171. Camarhynchus compressirostiis Ridgw. = Geospiza psittacula psittacula.
Camarhynchus compressirostrie Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. p. 294 (1896 — Jervis Island).
Type : ?, Jervis Island, Galapagos, 8. viii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
Ridgway, in B. N. and Middle Amer. i. p. 481, still maintains the distinctness
of this form, but it is quite impossible to separate, as not all Jervis Island speci-
mens have the bill as in the type, and all intermediates occur. Cf. Novitates
Zoologicae, 1902, pp. 400, 401.
172. Camarhynchus afiSnis Ridgw. = Geospiza psittacula affinis.
Cmmarhynchus affinis Ridgway, Proc. V.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 365 (1894 — Albemarle Island),
Type : Cowley Bay, E. Albemarle, 10. viii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
173. Camarhynchus incertus Ridgw. = Geospiza incerta (?).
Camarhynchus incertus Ridgway, U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. p. 294 (1896 — James Island).
Type : $, James Island, 13. viii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg.
Possibly this is only a Geospiza psittacula psittacula. Cf. Novitates Zoo-
logicae, 1902, p. 401.
t 174. Camarhynchus bindloei Ridgw. = Geospiza habeli.
Camarhynchus bindloei Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. p. 294 (1896 — Bindloe Island).
Type : 3 ad., Bindloe Island, Galapagos, ix. 1891. G. Baur leg.
164 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919.
175. Chloris sinica ussuriensis Hart. = Chloris sinica ussuriensis.
Chlorii sinica ussuriensis Hartert, Vog. pal.. Fauna, u p. 64 (1903 — " Ostliche Mandschurei bia
zum Amur, Korea und die Inseln Sachalin und Askold ").
Type : <J ad., mouth of Sidemi, Amur Bay, 30. iv. 1884. Domes Bros. leg.
(Sharpe, Hand-list of Birds, v. p. 196, says that Chloris must be rejected
because of Chloris Schwaiz 1788, but this is evidently an error.)
176. Eophona personata magnirostris Hart. = Eophona personata magnirostris.
Eophona personala magnirostris Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, v. p. xxxviii. (April 1896 — Amur-land).
Type : o ad., Amur Bay, Ussuriland, 10. iv. 1894. Eo.rics Bros. leg.
177. Eophona melanura migratoria Hart. = Eophona melanura migratoria.
Eophona melanura migratoria Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 59 (1903 — " Usauri-Liinder Siidost-
Sibiriens").
Type : <J ad., Sidemi River, 24. v. 1884. Doirics Bros. leg.
(It is interesting to .^^ce that in the case of Eophona personata the form from
Eastern Liberia has the larger bill, while in the E. melanura it is the small-beaked
one. This case shows again, what I have so often emphasized, that one cannot
lay down rules how the forms from one country must be, from the evidence of
other forms, and that nature has not developed in a machine-lilic way. Probably
in similar cases the development of the two forms has been quite different ; for
example, the one race may have become differentiated in Ussuri-land, while in
the other it may have been there first and become altered in the southern parts
of its habitat.)
178. Guiraca rothschildii Bartl. = Cyanocompsa rothschildii.
Quiraca Rothschildii E. Bartlett, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. vi. p. 168 (1890— R. Carimang,
British Guiana).
Type: <J ad.. River Carimang, 22. iv. 1885. H. Whitely coll.
(Ridgway, B. N. and Middle Amer. i. p. 594, 1903, has separated Cyanocompsa
from Guiraca, and other American ornithologists as well as Sharpe, Hellmayr,
Chubb, have followed him. While admitting that tlie two groups show some
differences in the shape of the wing and bill, those of the tail are not constant,
and altogether the differences have been overrated).
179. Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris Btrl. = Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris.
Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. 1908. p. 115 (Cayenne).
Type : S ad., Cayenne, 22. xi. 1902. Geo. K. Cherrie and B. T. Gault kg.
No. 882.
180. Melopyrrha taylori Hart. = Melopyrrha nigra taylori.
Udopyrrha taylori Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 257 (Grand Cayman).
Type : (J ad.. Grand Cayman Island, 25. iii. 1896. C. B. Taylor leg. No. 70.
181. Euetheia sharpei Hart. = Euetheia bicolor sharpei.
Etieiheia sharpei Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, i. p. xxxvii. (1893—" Bonaire, Curasao, Aruba "),
Type : 3 ad., Cura9ao, 28. vii. 1892. Ernst Hartert leg. No. 246.
NOVITATKS ZOOLOOICAB XXVI. 1919. 155
182. Cardinalis phoeniceus Bp. = Canlinalis phoeniceus.
Cardinalis 'phoeniceus Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. v. p. HI (1838 — "Received by Mr.
Gould from the country south of the Bay of Honduras " and at the time " in the collection
of the Zoological Society ").
Type : <? ad., " Honduras " (errore !), ex Mus. T. C. Eyton, per Coll. Edw.
Bartlett. Marked in Eyton 's hand " Ex Mus. Zool. Soc, Or. of Bonaparte's
description."
This specimen must evidently be considered as the type of Bonaparte's
description, not the male marked " Venezuela," from the Gould Collection, said
to be the type in Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 167. There is no proof that the type
of Cardinalis phoeniceus ever was in Gould's collection, nor was it described as
coming from Venezuela, though it probably did. The specimen was in the
collection of the Zoological Society of London and marked as " Cardinalis phoeni-'
ceus " by Gould. The latter, however, never described it. Bonaparte (I.e.)
said : " Finding in the collection of the Zoological Society two beautiful unde-
scribed species of this my new form, I take this opportunity of making them
linown, especially as both come from Mexico." By "new form " he evidently
meant "new genus," the genus Cardinalis here being established for the first
time. The author then proceeds to describe " Cardinalis phoeniceus Gould,"
of which he says that it was received by Gould from " the country south of the
Bay of Honduras." The bird must then have passed into Eyton 's collection,
thence into E. Bartlett's collection, which was bought by the present Lord
Rothschild.
183, Pitylus canadensis fiontalis Hellm. = Pitylus canadensis frontalis.
Pityltis canadensis frontalis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1905. p. 277 (Pemambuco).
Type: ? ad., S. Lourenzo, Pernambuco, 29. vii. 1903. A. Robert leg.
No. 1742.
184. Saltator immaculatus Berl. & Stolzm. = Saltator immaculatus.
SaUator immaculatus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1892. p. STU (eight specimens,
coUeoted by Kalinowski at Lima, Sept. and Oct. 1889).
Co- type (probably all 8 specimens were marked " typus ") : <3, Lima,
16. ix. 1889. Jean KaUnowski leg. No. 62. Marked: "Saltator immaculatus
Berl. and Stolzm., typus" by Stolzmann.
185. Fringilla teydea polatzeki Hart. = Fringilla teydea polatzeki.
Fringilla teydea polatzeki Hartert, Orn. Monatsber. 1905. p. 164 (Gran Canaria).
Type: iJ ad.. Gran Canaria, 1. v. 1905. Hptm. Polatzek leg. No. 1505.
Figure : Ibis, 1912, pi, xii.
186. Fringilla coelebs ombriosa Hart. = Fringilla coelebs omhriosa.
Frirtgilla coelebs ombriosa Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxiii. p. 78 (Dec. 1913— Hierro).
Type : cJ ad., Pinar (pine woods) of Hierro (Ferro), Canary Islands,
16. ii. 1903. Hptm. Polatzek leg.
166 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
187. Fringilla spodiogenys koenigi Rothsch. & Hart. = Fringilla coelebs
koenigi.
FringeUa spodiogenys koenigi Rothschild & Hartert, Om. Monatsber. 1893. p. 97 (Tanger.N. Marocco) ;
op. cit. 1894. p. 75, corr. ; Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 128.
Type: J ad., Tanger, 5.iv. 1884. Olcese leg. Ex. Coll. Bartlett, ex. Wilh.
Schliiter.
{Fringilla coelebs koenigi is not spread over the whole of Marocco. I only
know it from the neighbourhood of Tanger, and it is probably restricted to
the northern peninsula, the neighbourhood of Tanger, Ceuta, Tetuan, and the
Rif -country, and may not occur south of the River Sebou. Near Mazagan no
Finch seems to breed, while in and about Mogador and in the southern Atlas
F. coelebs africana is found. The typical F. coelebs spodiogenys appears to be
confined to Tunisia.)
188. Acanthis carduelis britannicus Hart. = Cardtielis carduelis britannicus.
Acanihis carduelis britannicus Hartert, Yog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 08 (1903 — British Isles, Type Rotting-
dean in Sussex),
Type : S ad., Rottingdean, April 1902. Brazenor Bros. leg.
189. Acanthis carduelis aWcanus Hart. = Carduelis uirduelis africanus.
Acanthis carduelis africanus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 09 (1903 — Spain, Marocco, Algeria,
Txmisia).
Type : <S ad., Mhoiwla (Mehuila), east of Mazagan, W. Marocco, l.ii. 1902.
F. W. Riggenbach leg. No. 78.
190. Loxigilla Chazaliei Oust. = Pyrrhulagra noctis chazaliei.
Loxigilla Chazaliei Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xx. p. 184 (1895 — Barbuda).
Types (only two specimens collected), two d, Barbuda, 15. ii. 1895. Comte
de Dalmas leg.
This distinct form has been overlooked in Ridgway's B. Norlh and Middle
Am. i. (1901).
191. Procarduelis rubescens Blanf. = Procarduelis rubescens.
Procarduelis rubescens Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 694 (Silikim).
Type : <J, Sikkim, sent to Blanford by Mandelli. Label in W. T. Blan-
ford's handwriting : " Type described P.Z.S. 1871, p. 693, pi. Ixxiv. W. T. B."
The Tring Museum received it with Mr. Elwes' collection. I do not know what
happened to the female, which came to Blanford together with the male ;
probably it has been lost somewhere.
192. Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis Neum. = Carduelis ciirinelloides
kikuyensis.
Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis Neumann, Journ. j. Om. 1905, p. 356 (" Kikuyu, Kenia, Naiwascha-
Sce ").
Type: S ad., Escarpment, Kikuyu Mts., E. Africa. W. Doherty leg.
(It is in my opinion quite wrong to separate the genera " Spinus " and
Carduelis, if we admit that colour alone cannot serve as a generic character.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 157
The supposed differences in the shape of the bill are imagination, or so slight
that, if admitted, it would follow that numerous new genera would have to be
made among birds in general, and especially in what Sharpe called Spinus even
in the Handlist. One might perhaps object to my also uniting the Linnets
\vdth Carduelis, as they really have a much thicker bill, but I prefer at present
to unite them still, because the gap is slight and partly bridged over.)
193. Spinus olivaceus Berl. & Stolzm. = Carduelis olivacevs.
Spinus olivaceus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, Ibis. 1894 (not 1904, as the Handlist says), p. 387 (three
males and one female from Vitoc, Central Peru, 24. vii. and 13. ii. 1893).
Type or cotj'pe : <J ad., Vitoc, 13. ii. 1893. Jean KaUnowski leg. No.
1872. Marked " Typus " by Stolzmann.
t 194. Acanthis flavirostris stoliczkae Hart. = Carduelis flavirostris montanellus.
Acanthis flavirostris stoliczkae Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 77 (1903 — Kashmir, Type Gilgit).
Type: (S) Gilgit, 7. iii. 1880. J. ScuUy CoU. (No, 738).
Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 261, 1873, proposed condi-
tionally, inconspicuously in the text, the name Linota montanella for the birds
from Yarkand. This hitherto overlooked name must be adopted, though the
differences originally described do not exist.
(The fine bill of this form differs from that of Carduelis canrutbina. If our
genus-sphtters separate Linnets, Siskins, and Goldfinches into three genera,
they must also again separate the Citril and Twites, and several more genera in
America. What do we gain by having at least half a dozen genera in the place
of one ? Should we resort to such " furor genericus " (Sclater) as has been
exhibited by Bianchi or Mathews and in some cases by Sharpe and American
nomenclators ? If we did hardly anyone would know what was meant by so
many birds under unknown names. This is beautifully illustrated by Mathews'
latest list of Australian birds, and his great work on the same.)
195. Acanthis cannabina meadewaldoi Hart. = Carduelis cannabina
meadewaldoi.
Acanthis cannabina meadewaldoi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 323 (Tenerife).
Type: (J ad., Esperanza, Tenerife, 22. iii. 1901. Curt Floericke leg.
196. Montifringilla ruficoUis Blanf. = Monti fringilla riificollis.
Montifringilla ruficoUis Blanford, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1871. p. 227 (" Lachen Valley near the
Tibetan frontier," but all specimens collected are labelled " Kangra Lama Pass "),
Type : Kangra Lama Pass, Sikkim, 15,500 ft., 5. x. 1870. Collected by
H. J. Elwes and Blanford.
There can be no doubt that this specimen is the actual type, and not the
one in the British specimen, which Sharpe registered as the type. The latter
is no doubt a paratype, but on the original label is no remark to the fact ; the
word " type " has only been written on the British Museum's label, apparently
by Sharpe, while our specimen bears the remark " Montifringilla sp. nov. type of
ruficoUis," evidently in the author's handwriting.
158 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
197. Montifringilla brandti walteri Hart. = Montijringilla hrandti walteri.
Montijringilla brandti walteri Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 138 (June 1904 — Sung-pan).
Type: " cJ ? " Sung-pan, Sue-shan, Sechuan, 6. iv. 1894 (Russian date).
Berezowsky leg. No. 286.
198. Erythrospiza githaginea amantum Hart. = Erythrospiza githaginea
anumtum {amantium).
Erythrospiza githaginea amanium Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 89 (1903 — Fuertaventura, Lan-
zarote, Gran Canaria).
Type: S ad., Oliva, Fuertaventura, 22. iii. 1889. Ramon Gomez leg.
No. 1211.
199. Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi Neum. = Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi.
Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi Neumann, Orn, Monatsber, 1907. p. 145 (Algeria and Tunisia).
Type : <J ad., west of Biskra, 20. i. 1903. Ernst Fliickiger leg.
200. Gymnoris pyrgita pallida Neum. = Gymnoris pyrgita pallida.
Oymnoris pyrgita paUida Neumann, Bull. B.O, Club, xxi. p. 70 (1908 — " The Sudan, from the region
of Khartum to Senegal").
Tjrpe : cJ ad., Shendi, between Berber and Khartum, on the Nile (not
"White Nile," as Neumann absentmindedly wrote), 28. ii. 1901 (not 26. i, as
Neumann wrote by a slip), N. C. Rothschild and A. F. R. Wollaston leg. No. 170.
201. Gymnoris pyrgita massaica Neum. = Gymnoris pyrgita massaica.
Gymnoris pyrgita massaica Neumann, Bull, B.O, Club, xSi. p. 70 (1908 — " Escarpment Station,
Kikuyu ").
Type : S ad., Escarpment, Kikuyu Mts., B.E. Africa, 6,500 ft., January 1901.
William Doherty leg.
202. Gymnoris flavicollis transfuga HarL = Gymnoris flavicoUis transfuga.
Gymnoris flavicollis transfuga Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 145 (1904 — Sind, Baluchistan, Southern
Afghanistan and Peisia).
Type: <J ad., Bagu-Kelat, Persian Baluchistan, 12. iii. 1901. N. Zarudny
leg. (No. 3901.)
203. Petronia petronia intermedia Hart. = Petronia petronia intermedia.
Petronia petronia intermedia Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 324 (Kashmir and Kandahar, Type Gilgit).
Type: <J ad., Gilgit, 9. i. 1880. J. ScuUy leg.
204. Passer domestica biblicus Hart. = Passer domesticus hihlicus.
Passer domestica biblicus Hart«rt, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 149 (1904 — Syria and Palestine),
Type: Sueme, Palestine, 2. iv. 1897. No. 143. Bacher leg. (Purchased
from Schliiter.)
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 159
205. Passer hispaniolensis maltae Hart. = Passer hispaniolensis tnaltae.
Passer hispaniulensis maltae Hartert, Nov. ZocH. 1902. p. 332 (Malta).
Type: cJ, Malta, May 1861, Charles Wright leg. No. 4. (Per Coll. Bartlett.)
In the Handlist, v. p. 248, Sharrpe said : " Probably hybrid between
P. ilaliac and P. hispaniohtisis. — Salvador! in litt." Perhaps Sharpe mistook
a sentence of Salvadori's, but even if the latter thought it probable that the
Malta Sparrow which I named is a hybrid between italiae and hispaniolensis ,
there is certainly no foundation for that belief. To produce hybrids both
parents must occur in the same place, and that is not the case in this instance.
All Malta Sparrows are nudiae, the true typical hispaniolensis does not live there,
and of italiae Despott tells us {Ibis, 1917, p. 305) that he knows of two undoubted
occurrences ! Passer hispaniolensis maltae used to be very numerous, but has
now become much rarer. Schembri's and Wright's notes about the Malta
Sparrows are confused (cf. Despott, I.e.).
206. Passer indicus Jard. & Selby = Passer domesticus indicus.
Passer indicus Jardine & Selby, III. Orn. iii. pt. viii. pi. 118 and text (1831 — ■" Continental India ").
Type : cJ ad., " India." Ex. Coll. Jardine. (Per Coll. Bartlett.)
The label is marked in Jardine's handwriting : " T3^e of plate Orn.
Illvst." The authors had only one pair; the female, however, is not in our
collection. The late Edward Bartlett bought quite a number of birds from the
Jardine Collection, and with the Bartlett Collection of Weaver-birds, Finches
and Larks they passed into the Tring Museum. Jardine's type is mentioned in
Bartlett's Weaver Birds and Finches, on p. 8 of the article " Passer domesticus."
On the dates of Jardine and Selby's III. Orn., see Ibis, 1894, p. 326.
207. Passer montana taivanensis Hart. = Passer montanus taivanensis.
Passer montana taivanensis Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 161 (1904 — Formosa).
Type: (J ad., Daihoku, Formosa, 9.x., collected by a Japanese in Mr.
Jonas's service. (No. 448.)
208. Passer rutilans debilis Hart. = Passer rutilans debilis.
Passer rutilans debilis Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 162 (1904 — Kashmir to Sind and Western
Himalaya).
Type : (J, Sind Valley in Kashmir, 19. vii. 1873. Colonel Biddulph leg,
No. 7265 g.
209. Serinus striolatus graueri Hart. = Serinvs (Poliospiza) striolatus graueri.
Serintis striolatus graueri Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xix. p. 84 (1907 — Ruwenzori).
Type : Ruwenzori, 7,000 ft. Rud. Grauer leg.
(I doubt if the genera Serinus and Poliospiza can be satisfactorily separated,
but in no case is the grouping of the Handlist recommendable.)
160 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
210. Serinus angolensis somereni Hart. = Serimis angolensis somereni.
Serinus angolensis somereni Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 63 (1912 — Tore, Uganda).
Type : (^ (and 9, pair), Toro, November 1910. Dr. R. V. L. van Someren
leg.
211. Serinus leucopygius riggenbachi Neum. = Serinus leucopygius riggenbachi.
hrinus leucopygius riggenbachi Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 44 (1908 — " Senegambia and
Western Sudan ").
Type: o', Thies (inland Dakar), 24. v. 1907. F. W. Riggenbach leg. No.
519.
212. Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae Hellm. = Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae.
Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae Hellmayr, Bull. B.O. Club, xvi. p. 85 (1906 — S. Leopoldina, Rio
Araguay, Goiaz, C. Brazdl).
Type : cj ad., S. Leopoldina, 15. viii. 1880. Dr. Ehrenreich and Prof. Karl
von den Steinen leg. No. 100.
t 213. Loxia curvirostra anglica Hart. = Loxia curvirostra curvirostra.
Loxia curvirostra anglica Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 119 (1904 — England).
Type: (J, High Scrubs, Tring, 7. xii. 1897. No. 1890.
It still seems remarkable to me that the rather long series which I examined
in 1903 consisted all of rather dull coloured specimens, and that most of them
had rather strong bills. Nevertheless it seems probable that the majority of
the Crossbills which were so common in 1897 and other 3'ear3 came from the
continent, that they only nest in England in small numbers and irregularly, and
it is certain that equally dull-coloured and thick-billed specimens are also
common on the continent of Europe. I therefore now consider L. c. anglica to be
a synonym of curvirostra, while, on the other hand, L. c. scotica is an excellent
form, which nests regularly in Scotland, and apparently nowhere else.
214. Pyrrhula owstoni Rothsch. & Hart. = Pyrrhula nipalerisis owstoni.
Pyrrhula owstoni Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi. p. 9 (1907 — ^Mt. Arizan, Formosa).
Type : 3 ad., Mt. Arizan, Formosa, 4. xii. 1907. Collected by Alan Owston's
Japanese collectors. (Possibly the date is not correct, being a translation from
the original Japanese label.)
In spite of the striking differences of the adult male, I now believe that
P. owstoni should be considered as a subspecies of nipalensis, and that Pyrrhula
uchidai Kuroda, Annot. Zool. Japon, ix. p. 295, 1917, described from Shishaban,
Ako district, Formosa, is the immature P. nipalensis owstoni. The plumage
described under the latter name had been described by us in Bull. B. O. Club,
xxi. p. 10, as the young of owstoni, but the white streak on the central tail-feathers
was not mentioned, probably because at the time we thought it was albinistic.
The bird which we took and take now to be an immature owstoni differs from
the adult nipalensis only in having a darker, more ashy brown upperside and
throat and chest, and a white shaft-streak on the central rectrices, and it agrees
well with Kuroda 's very good description. The white on the central rectrices
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 161
is evidently variable, as the male of Kuroda's bird had it on the two middle
pairs, his female and our bird on the central pair only. Kuroda's birds were
both captured together on July 16th, 1909, our specimen on December 17th,
while the adult male (type) and three adult females were caught on December 4th.
I fear, however, that there may be an error about the dates. We believe the
male of December 17th to be the young of owstoni for the following reasons :
It only differs from the adult females in the want of the sharply defined black
frontal line, the less slaty-grey but brownish crown with blackish dusky centres
to the feathers, the white line on the middle pair of tail-feathers, and more white
abdomen ; on the back some obviously juvenile feathers are seen ; the bird is
moulting, the lateral rectrices much worn ; on one of our adult females the
forehead is also distinctly spotted. Should Kuroda's view be correct, that
there are two species of this Bullfinch on Formosa, then his uchidai would doubt-
less be a subspecies of nipalensis, our owstoni a separate species — but from our
present knowledge I cannot take this view and consider uchidai a synonym
of owstoni.
215. Pyrrhula waterstiadti Hart. = Pyrrhula nipalensis waterstradti.
PyrrhtUa waterstradti Hartert, Bvll. B.O. Club, xii. p. 69 (1902 — Gunong Tahan, Eaatem Malay
Peninsula).
Type: ^ ad., Mount (Gunong) Tahan. John Waterstradt leg.
I now consider waterstradti also to be a subspecies of P. nipalensis, the only
important differences from the latter being the much more extended white on
the sides of the head, and the much more faintly spotted forehead and crown.
Mr. Herbert C. Robinson's Malay hunters collected this bird in several places of
Selangor, chiefly on Mount (Gunong) Meng Kuang Lebah, 4,800 feet high, and
Mt. Ulu Kah, between 4,700 and 5,800 feet.
f 216. Emberiza Alleonis Vian = Emberiza pallasi.
Emberiza Alleonis Vian, Bev. et Mag. Zool. 1869. pp. 97. 103 (Dauria),
Type of ? : ?, Dauria 1868. From Madame Verdey.
This specimen is marked " Type " on the label under the stand in the Riocour
Collection (cf. I.e. p. 98). The type of the male, which was also in the Riocour
Collection, appears to be lost. It is not in the Tring Museum, where the greater
part of the Riocour Collection seems to be now. It was bought from Boucard
in 1890, after Sharpe had selected 148 specimens, among which were a number
of types, and it is not among the latter. (Cf. Sharpe, History Coll. Nat. Hist.
Brit. Mvs. p. 315.)
217. Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior Hart. = Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior.
Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 197 (1904— Turkestan, Kashgar, Lob-
Nor, middle Yang-tse-kiang, Omsk, Baikal).
Type : <J,near Aiderli, Turkestan, 11. xi. 1899 (Russian date). N. Zarudny
leg. No. 1298.
218. Emberiza pynbuloides reiseri Hart. = Emberiza pyrrhvloides reiseri.
Emberiza pyrrhuloides reiseri Hart«rt, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 199 (1904 — Thessaly).
Type : 3, Lamia, 4.xii. 1901. No. 10,009.
11
162 NOVITATB3 ZOOLOQICAB XXVI. 1919.
219. Emberiza cia par Hart. = Emberiza da par.
£»nief »2a cia por Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna,^. 184 (1904 — " Mittleres Asien, vom nordlichen Kaukasua
durch Transkaapien bis Turkestan, Afghanistan, Ost-Persien und Baluchistan ").
Type : i, near Gudan, Transcaspia, 13. v. 1892, Russian date. N. Zarudny
leg. No. 1767.
220. Emberiza aflSnis omoensis Neum. = Emberiza affinis omoensis.
Emberiza affinis omoensis Neumann, Journ. j. Orn. 1905. p. 358 (" Omo-Gebiet, Siidathiopisohe Seen
und Sobat-Quellgebiet ").
Type : <? ad., " Schetic in Koscha," 28. ii. 1901. No. 934.
221. Emberizoides macrourus hypochondriacus Hellm. = Emberizoides sphenurus
hypochondriacus.
Emberizoides rruicrourus hypochondriacus Hellmayr, Bull. B.O, Club, xix. p. 28 (1906 — Frances,
Volcano of Chiriqui).
Type: cj ad., Frances, Volcano of Chiriqui, 2,000 feet, 11. xi. 1905. H.
Watson leg. No. 110,511.
The name macrourus must be replaced by sphenurus because Fringilla
macroura Gmelin is preoccupied by Fringilla macroura Pallas, in Vroeg's Cat.
Adumbratiuncula (1764).
222. Phrygilus alaudinus venturii Hart. = Phrygilus alaudinus venturii.
PhrygUus alaudinus venturii Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1909. p. 180 (Tucuman).
Type : (J ad., Lagunita, Tucuman, Argentine, 3,000 m., 31. i. 1903. G. A.
Eaer Coll. No. 1352.
223. Paroaria baeri Hellm. = Paroaria baeri.
Paroaria baeri Hellmayr, Bull. B.O. Club, xix. p. 43 (1907 — Goyaz, Brazil).
Type : ? ad., Rio Araguaya, State of Goyaz, Brazil, viii. 1906, 550 m. G. A.
Baer leg. No. 2396.
224. Cotumiculus savannarum caribaeus Hart. = Ammodramus savannarum
caribaeus.
Cotumiculus savannarum caribaeus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 298 (Curajao and Bonaire).
Type : (J ad.. Island of Bonaire, 11. vii. 1892. Ernst Hartert leg. No. 164.
225. Ammodramus savannarum intricatus Hart. = Ammodramus savannarum
intricaius.
Ammodramus savannarum intricatus Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xix. p. 73 (1907 — S. Domingo).
Type : ^ ad., El Valle, San Domingo, 16. i. 1907. A. Hyatt Verrill leg.
No. 4167.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 163
ALAUDIDAE.
226. Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni Hart. = Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni.
CerihUauda albofasciata erikssoni Hartert, Bull. B.O. Cltib, xix. p. 82 (1907 — " Okahokahaua, oa
the Etosha Saltpan in Southern Ovampoland, Gennan S.W. Africa ").
Type : Adult, Okahokahana (Okahokaanna), 25. vii. 1880. A. W. Eriksson
leg. No. 2580.
Only thi.s one specimen to hand, but a very distinct form.
227. Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata Hart. = Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata.
Certhilauda albojasciala obscurata Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xix. p. 83 (1907 — Benguella).
Type : S ad., Bulu-bulu in the Bihe district, Benguella, 30. ix. 1904. W. J.
Ansorge leg. (No. 143.)
A dozen specimens compared when described.
228. Alaemon alaudipes boavistae Hart. = Alaemon alavdipes boavistae.
Alaemon alaudipes boavistae Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxvii. p. 56 (1917 — Boa Vista, Cape Verd
Islands).
Type : ^ ad., Boavista, 29. x. 1897. Boyd Alexander leg.
229. Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa Hart. = Melanocorypha calandra
psaminachroa.
Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 210 (1904 — " Ost-Persien,
Afghanistan, Transkaspien und Turkestan ").
Type : <J, No. 14 (4420), Lur-Badom in East Persia, 14. xi. 1898 (Russian
date !). N. Zarudny leg.
1 f 230. Tephrocorys cinerea eriangeri Neum. = ? Calandrella cinerea ruficeps.
Tephrocorys cinerea eriangeri Neumann, Journ. f. Orn, 1906. p. 239 (North Somaliland).
Type : 3 ad., Sheikh Mahomet on the Webbe, 13. xi. 1894. Dr. Donaldson
Smith leg.
I doubt if this form can be separated from ruficeps ; the type is in very worn
plumage.
231. Calandrella minor polatzeki Hart. = Calandrella minor polatzeki.
CalandreUa minor polatzeki Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 217 (1904 — Lanzarote and Fuertaventura).
Type : <J ad., Lanzarote, 3. iii. 1902. Hptm. Polatzek leg. No. 1178.
This form is certainly not the same as rufescens, but curiously enough it
inhabits also Gran Canaria, while rufescens appears to be found only on the plateau
of Laguna, Tenerife.
f 232. Calandrella pispoletta canadensis Hart. = Calandrella minor rufescens.
Calandrella pispoletta canariensis Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xi. p, 64 (1901 — Laguna, Tenerife).
Type: <? ad., Laguna, 7. iii. 1901. Curt Floericke leg. No. 1260.
This is a very distinct subspecies, but it must bear the name rufescens, given
to it by Vieillot in 1820. In addition to their rufescent upperside these birds
become stained by the rufous soil of the Laguna plain, unless freshly moulted.
164 NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1019,
233. Calandrella minor aharonii Hart. = C(dam',-tlla minor aharonii.
CaiandreJla minor aharonii Hartert, BuU. B.O. Club, xxvii. p. J ' (Oct. 1910 — Karyatein, North
Syrian desert).
Type : o ad., Karyatein, 25. iii. 1910. J. Aharoni leg.
So far all I have seen of tliis interesting Lark are six specimens collected
in March and February at Karyatein.
234. Calandrella minor nicolli Hart. = Calandrella minor nicolli.
Calandrella minor nicolli Hart«rt, Bull. B.O. Club, xxv. p. 9 (Noy. 1909 — Damietta, Egypt),
Type : 3 ad., Damietta, 5. i. 1908. M. J. Nicoll leg. No. 268.
All I have seen so far of this little Lark are specimens collected near Eamietta
by Nicoll and by Schrader in winter, also en the shores of Lake Menzaleh in
March by W. L. S. Loat.
235. Mirafra hypermetra gallarum Hart. = Mirajra hypermetra gallarum.
Mirafra hypermetrn gallarum Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xis. p. 84 (GaUa countries).
Type : ^ ad., Bouta, Hawash Valley, 2. vi. 1903. Zaphiro leg. No. 2603.
236. Mirafra africana athi Hart. = Mirafra ajricana athi.
Mirajra ajricana athi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900. p. 46 (Athi Plain, East Africa).
Type : <? ad., Athi Plain, 25. i. 1899. W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 20.
237. Mirafra africana dohertyi Hart. = Mirajra ajricana dohertyi.
Mirajra ajricana dohertyi Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xis. p. 93 (1907 — Escarpment, Kikuyu Mountains),
Type : <J ad., Escarpment, 6,500 feet, February 1901. Will. Doherty leg.
This form occurs also at Nyeri, Kenia elistrict.
238. Mirafra africana tropicalis Hart. = Mirafra africana iropicalis.
Mirajra ajricana tropicalis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 190O. p. 45 (" Tropical East Africa to Lake distriota
and Uganda").
Type : o' ad., Bukoba, 6. iv. 1892. Dr. F. Stuhlmann leg.
f 239. Mirafra africana harterti Neum. = Mirafra africana iropicalis.
Mirajra ajricana harterti Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 45 (1908 — " British East Africa fronv
South Ukamba to Teita, especially the districts of the Kiboko River and Simba Station ").
Type: <J ad., Kiboko River, Ukamba, British East Africa, 25. iv. 1898.
W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 375.
I am sorry to say that I cannot reccgnize this form. I consider all our
specimens from Bukoba, Kiboko River, Buguera (Emin Pasha leg.), Toru (Ansorge
leg.), Bale in Uganda (van Someren leg.), KiUmanjaro district (Jackson leg.),
Entebbe (.Jackson, Grauer leg.). Fort George on Lake Albert Edward (Ansorge
leg.), the country between Kagera and Kivu, Kissenyi on Lake Kivu, Karag^ve
(Kud. Grauer leg.), and the Marienseen (Grauer), altoge'ther now before me 23
specimens, to belong to M. a. iropicalis, while on the Athi River it is replaced by
M. a. athi and in the Kikuyu Mts. to Kenia by M. a. dohertyi. We see thus here.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. IflS
what one observes in many cases, that a fairly widespread form suddenly splits
up into a number of closely situated local races ; it must, however, be stated,
that specimens of Mirafra ajricana have not been compared from many parts
of Africa where it is likely to occur, and that therefore the ranges of several
forms may have to be extended considerably, and even more forms may still
be discovered.
240. Miiafra aMcana transvaalensis Hart. = Mirafra ajricana transvaalensis.
Mirafra ajricana transvaalensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900. p. 45 (Transvaal).
Type : Ad., Rustenburg, February 1894. W. Ayres leg.
241. Mirafra mfescens Ingram = Mirafra javanica rufescens.
Mirafra rufescens Ingram, Bull. B.O. Club, xvi. p. 116 (1906 — Alexandria station in the Northern
Territory of South Australia).
Type : ? ad., Alexandria station, 1905. W. Stalker leg. No. 826. Ex-
changed from G. M. Mathews.
(Of the very rare Mirafra gilletti Sharpe we have a male, collected by Dr.
Donaldson Smith at Ahdeh, West Somaliland, 14. vii. 1894. This is actually
one of the cotypes of Sharpe, though he omitted to mention it, like several other
specimens. )
f 242. Mirafira bucolica Hartl. = Hdiocorys modesta.
Miraffra hucolica Hartlaub, Zool. Jahrb. ii. p. 327 (1887 — Fadjulo, Tamaja, Kabajendi).
Cotypes : <J, FadjuU, iii. 1882 ; ?, Kabajendi, 1. xi. 1882. Emin Pasha
leg. Nos. 6, 209.
? f 243. Heliocorys modesta gifiardi Hart. = Hdiocorys modesta ?
Beliocorys modesta giffardi Hartert, Bull, B.O. Club, x. p. v. (1899 — Gambaga).
Type : J, Gambaga, 18. vii. 1898. Capt. Giffard leg.
I do not now believe that H. m. giffardi is really different from H. modesta,
but the material at my disposal is so poor, that I would invite further investigation
before finally deciding the question. The two specimens collected by Giliard
are certainly lighter than those from Emin Pasha.
f 244. Galerida cristata deltae Hart. = Galerida cristata nigricans.
Oalerida cristata deltae Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1897, p. 144 (Delta of the Nile).
Type : 3 ad., Damietta, 22. xi. 1881. Gustav Schrader leg.
245. Galerida cristata alexanderi Neum. = Galerida cristata alexanderi.
Oalerida cristata alexanderi Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 45 (1908— Bautchi, interior
Hausaland).
Type : 3 ad., Bautchi, 11. ix. 1904. Boyd Alexander leg. No. 368.
246. Galerida cristata riggenbachi Hart. = Galerida cristata riggenbachi.
Galerida cristata riggenbachi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902. p. 333 (Mazagan, Weat Marocco).
Type : ? ad., Mazagan, 10. xi. 1900. F. W. Riggenbach leg. No. 48.
^ Igg NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
247. Galerida cristata caioli Hart. = Galerida cristata caroli.
Galerida cristata caroli Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 234 (1904— Natron Valley, Lower Egypt).
Type: 3 ad., Wady Natron, 26. ii. 1903. N. C. Rothschild and F. R.
Henley leg. No. 176.
248. Galerida cristata cinnamomina Hart. = Galerida cristata cinnamomina.
Galerida cristata cinnamomina Hartert, Yog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 235 {1904—" Nord-Palastina : Berg
Carmel").
Type : <?, Mt. Carmel, 29. viii. 1897 (not 28. viii !). Bacher leg. No. 151a.
The distribution and stability of this and other Crested Larks in Palestina
and Syria require further investigation.
249. Galerida cristata tardinata Hart. = Galerida cristata tardinata.
Galerida cristata tardinata Hartert, Yog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 235 (1904—" SiidArabien ").
Type: " ?," Dthubiyut, West Hadramant, South Arabia, 21. viii. 1903.
G. W. Bury leg. No. 239.
250. Galerida theklae polatzeki Hart. = Galerida theklae polatzeki.
Galerida theklae polatzeki Hartert, Orn. Monatsber. 1912. p. 30 (Balearic Isles, type Ibiza).
Type : <J ad., Ibiza, Western Balearic Isles, 29. iii. 1910. Hptm. Polatzek
leg. No. 17.
Dr. von Jordans is of opinion that this form cannot be separated from
G. theklae theklae of Spain, but after once more comparing ten specimens with
twenty Spanish ones, I am sorry to say I cannot agree -ttdth him, my polatzeki
having finer bills.
251. Galerida theklae erlangeri Hart. = Galerida theklae erlangeri.
Galerida theklae erlangeri Hartert, Yog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 237 (1904— "Nord-Marokko: Gegend
von Xanger "},
Type: ? ad., Tangiers, 16. iii. 1897. Olcese leg. No. 1177.
t 252. Galerida schluteri Kleinschm. = Galerida theklae harterti.
Galerida schluteri Kleinschmidt, Orn. Monatsber. 1914. pp. 196. 197 (Kerrata & Bone).
Cotype : 3 ad., Kerrata in North Algeria, 4. v. 1904. Ernst Fliickiger leg.
No. 295 (Marked by the author : " Cotypus von G. schluteri K.").
253. Galerida theklae hilgerti Rothsch. & Hart. = Galerida theklae hilgerti.
Galerida theklae hilgerti RothschUd & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. pp. 492. 494 (1912—" Southern
slopes of Atlas, from Batna and Lamb^se to El-Kantara and Biskra").
Type : S ad., El-Kantara, 2. iii, 1909. Rothschild, Hartert & Hilgert leg.
No. 42.
254. Ammomanes cinctura zarudnyi Hart. = Ammomanes phoenicura zarudnyi.
Ammomanes cinctura zarudnyi Hartert, BuU. B.O. Club, xii. p. 43 (1902— East Persia).
Type : $ad., Mudjnabad (Mudjun-Abad) in East Persia, 8. xi. 1900 (Russian
date). N. Zarudny leg.
(Some ornithologists think that the differences between A. phoenicura on
NOVITATES ZoOLOOICAIi XXVI. 1919. 167
the one and zarudnyi, arenicolor and cinctiira on the other hand are too
6triking — too qualitative, Dwdght would say — and that therefore " Ammo-
manes 'phoenicura " should be kept specifically separate from " A. cinctura
cinctura," ".4. cinctura arenicolor^'' and ".4. cinctura zarudnyi." Admitted
that I have, in this case and in several others, taken rather a wide view of species,
it cannot be denied that the similarity between, the two groups is striking,
and may as well be called quantitative ; it is in any case of interest to have
pointed this out, and the decision of what is quahtative and what quantitative
is often most difficult ! It is remarkable that a specimen collecU>l south of
Sehwan in Sind, 21. xii. 1875, by W. T. Blanford, and by him called Ammomdnes
deserti (!) is typical zarudnyi !)
255. Ammomanes deserti whitakeri Hart. = Ammomanes deserti ivhitakeri.
Ammomanes deserti whitakeri Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxvii. p. 46 (1911 — Djebel Soda, Tripolitania).
Type: (J ad., Koshby, Djebel Soda, Tripoli, 16. vi. 1901. Dodson leg.
No. 189. Ex Museo J. I. S. VVhitaker, Palermo.
256. Ammomanes deserti mya Hart. = Ammomanes deserti mya.
Ammomanes deserti mya Hartert, Ann, <fc Mag. Nat. Hist, eer. viii. x. p. 230 (1912 — Oued Mya,
Western Sahara).
Type : tJ ad., Oued llya, between the deserted Fort Miribel and In-Salah,
7.iv. 1912. Hartert & Hilgert leg. No. 200.
(Cf. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, 1913, p. 43.)
1 257. Pyrrhulauda lacteidorsalis Shell. = Eremo-pteryx leucotis melanocephala.
Pyrrhulauda lacteidorsalis Shelley, BuU. B.O, Clvh, xiii. p. 73 (1903 — ^Khartum).
Type (unique): (J (breeding) Khartum, 25. xi. 1902. A. L. Butler leg.
No. 77. (Cf. Butler, Ibis, 1905, p. 310 ; Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, Ihis, 1918,
p. 610.) This is a rather peculiar aberration of melanocephala.
1 258. Pyrrhulauda frontalis butleri Shell. = Eremopteryx frontalis frontalis.
Pyrrhulauda frontalis butleri Shelley, BuU. B.O. Club, xiii. p. 73 (1903—20 miles west of Omdurman).
Type : 3 ad., 20 miles west of Omdurman, 2.i. 1903. A. L. Butler leg.
No. 130. (Cf, Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, Ibis, 1918, p. 610.) There can be
no doubt that this is E. f. frontalis.
mOTACZLLIDAE.
259. Motacilla flava simillima Hart. = Motacilla flava simillima.
MotacUla flava simillima Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 289 (1905 — ^Kamtchatka, migrating to
Moluccas, ete.).
Type : S ad. (erroneously marked " ? "), Sulu Island, i. v. 1883. Dr.
Powell leg.
? t260. Motacilla boarula canariensis Hart., probably = Motacilla boarula
boarula.
MotaciUa boarula canariensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 322 (Tenerife).
Type: S ad., Esperanza, Tenerife, 22. iii. 1901. C. Floericke leg.
168 N0VITATE3 ZOOLOOIOiE XXVT. 1919.
261. Anthus novaezealandiae chathamensis Lor. = Anthits novaezealandiae
chathamensis.
Anihua novaezealandiae chathamensis Lorenz, Ann. Hofmuaeum Wien, xvii. p. 309 (1902 — Chatham
Islands).
Type : Ad., Mangare, Chatham Islands, 1890. H. C. Pahner leg., No. 236.
(Details of date, sex, etc., lost in a diary accidentally burnt in Cambridge.)
262. Anthus hellmayri Hart. = Anthus hellmayri.
Anihus hellmayri Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1909. p. 163 (Tucuman).
Type : Tucuman, Argentina, 450 m., 12. vi. 1904. DincUi leg. No. 3120.
263. Anthus spinoletta kleinschmidti Hart. = Anthus spinoletta kleinschmidti.
Anthus spinoletta kleinschmidti Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 284 (1905 — ^Faeroe Islands).
Type : o", Nolso, Faeroe Islands, 1900. (The date on the label " 8. 5. 1900,"
but the specimen appears to be in autumn plumage !) Bought from Klein-
schmidt.
264. Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hart. = Anthus berthelotii madeireiisis.
Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 271 (" Madeira und Porto Santo ").
Type : ? ad., Poizo, Madeira, 20. ii. 1903. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant leg. No.
1344.
265. Anthus richardi albidus Stres. = Anthus richardi alhidus.
Anthus richardi alhidus Stresemann, Nov. Zool. 1912. p. 316 (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Florea,
Sumba),
Type : <J, South Flores. Alfred Everett leg.
266. Anthus leucophrys captus Hart. = Anthus sordidus captus.
Anthus leucophrys captus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i. p. 269 (1905 — " Palastina, Peraien, Afghanis-
tan, Baluchistan, im Winter im Indus — ^Tal bis in die Nahe von Karachi ").
Type : " <? " (? ?), Wadi Zerka, Palestine, 27. ix. (not xi. !)1897. Bacher
leg. No. 158. (Cf. NovTTATES Zoologicae, 1917, p. 458 !)
267. Anthus sordidus sokotrae Hart. = Anthus sordidus sokotrae.
Anthus sordidus sokotrae Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1917. p. 457 (Sokotra Island).
Type: ? ad., Alilo Pass, Sokotra, 2.ii. 1899. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant &
Forbes leg. No. 361.
268. Anthus sordidus arabicus Hart. = Anthus sordidus arabicus.
Anthus sordidtis arabicus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1917. p. 457 (Yemen and Amiri district, S. Aiabia).
Type: "?" (probably (J), Menakha, Yemen, 29.1.1913. G. W. Bury
leg. No. 331.
N0VITATE3 Zooloqicaje: XXVI. 1919. 169
269. Anthus nichokoni longirostris Neum. = Anthus sordidus longirostris.
Anihus nicholsoni longirostris Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1906. p. 232 (" Nordliches Ost-Afrika vom
nordlichen Massai bis zum Gandjule-See ").
Type : <? ad., GarduUa, west of Gandjuli Lake, 13. i. 1901. Oscar Neu-
mann leg. No. 587.
270. Anthus nicholsoni hararensis Neum. = Anthus sordidus hararensis.
Anthus nicholsoni hararensis Neumann, Jorum. /. Orn. 1906. p. 233 (" Harar Gebiige. Sohoa ? ").
Type : 3 ad., Abu Bekr near Harar, 8. xi. 1902. Zaphiro leg.
271. Anthus leucophrys saphiroi Neum. = Anihus leucophrys saphiroi.
Anthtis leucophrys saphiroi Neumann, Journ. j. Orn. 1906. p. 235 ("Harar Gebirge").
Type : S ad., Balassire near Harar, 21. {120)xi. 1902. Zaphiro leg.
272. Anthus leucophrys omoensis Neum. = Anthus leucophrys omoensis.
Anthus leucophrys omoensis Neumann, Journ. /. Orn. 1906. p. 234 (" Gebiet des Omo-Flussea ").
Type : ? ad., Ergino Valley between Gofa and Doko, 10. ii. 1901. Oscar
Neumann leg. No. 710.
273. Anthus leucophrys angolensis Neum. = Anthus leucophrys angolensis.
Anthus leucophrys angolensis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1906. p. 236 (" Angola und uach Osten bia
in daa Nyassa Gebist und die Massal-Lander von Deutsch-O-stafrika ").
Type: (J ad., Ambaca in Angola, 13. v. 1903. W. J. Ansorge leg. No. 158.
(Neumann's article, I.e., is of great importance for the study of Africc/.i
Pipits. Other forms are described and discussed, which have nothing to do
with the present list of types.)
SBEFAiriDAE.
1 274. Telespiza flavissima Rothsch. = Telespiza cantons.
Tdespiza flavissima Rothachild, Ann. dL- Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x. p. 110 (1892 — Laysan).
Type : (Jad.,Laysan, 18. vi. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1095. Schauins-
land's collection proved beyond doubt that flavissima is the fully adult cantans.
275. Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothsch. = Ehodacanthis pahneri.
Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, Ann. <t- Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x. p. Ill (1892— Hawaii).
Type : J ad., Hawaii, 5. x. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1380.
276. Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothsch. = Rhodacanthis flaviceps*
Rhodacanthis flaviceps RothschUd, Ann. <fc Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x. p. Ill (1892— Hawaii).
Type : (J ad., Hawaii, 1.x. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1360.
* Henshaw, B. Hawaiian Islands, p. 69, 1902, believes that only two specimens were obtained,
and that " the exact status of the bird can hardly be regarded as settled." This is an error. The
species is absolutely distinct, being much smaller, wing about 1 cm. shorter, all dimensions less,
and the coloration o£ the males quite dissimilar. Eight skins were sent by Palmer, and it is
remarkable that no other collector — as far as I know — ever came across this species.
170 NoviTATES Zoological XXVI. 1919.
^ ' I = Psitiirostra psittacea deppei.
ch. J
277. Psittirostra psittacea olivacea Roths
" Psittirostra psittacea deppei Rothsch.
Psittirostra psittacea olivacea Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, p. 191 (1900 — Oihu).
Psittirostra psittacea deppei Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xv. p. 45 (1905 — ^New name for P.p. olivacea
Rothschild, nee Ranzani, Elemerui di Zool. iii. pt. 6. p. 66 (1823 — Amended name for Psit-
tirostra psittacea), (Not iii. p. 6 !)
Type of both names : S ad., Oahu, 30. x. 1846. Prof. Behn, on the ship
Galathea, No. Ill (1274 H.). Exchanged from the Kiel Museum.
{Psittirostra oppidana Bangs, Jlolokai, is not separable from P. p. psittacea.)
278. Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothsch. = Pseudonestor xanthophrys.
Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild, BuU. B.O. Club, i. p. xxxt. (1893 — Maui, Sandwich Islands).
Type : S ad., Maui, 4.viii. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1690.
279. Heterorhynchus wilsoni Rothsch. = Heterorhynchus wilsoni.
Beterorhynchus wilsoni Rothschild, Avifauna of Laysan, pt. ii. p. 97. pi. 50 (1893 — Hawaii).
Type: <J ad., Hawaii, 26. ix. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1342.
280. Hemignathus afiSnis Rothsch. = Heterorhynchus lucidus affinis (Rothsch.).
Eemignathus ajjinis Rothschild, Ibis, 1893. p. 112 (Mauai, rectius Maui) ; Avifauna of Laysan, pt, ii.
p. 103, pi.
Type: <J ad., Maui, 4. viii. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1688.
281. Hemignathus lanaiensis Rothsch. = Hemignathus dbscurus lanaiensis.
Eemignathus lanaiensis RothschUd, Bull. B.O. Club, i. pp. 24, 33 (1893— Lanai).
Type : S, Lanai, 22. xi. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1855.
(Only three specimens of this fine bird were obtained high up in the moun-
tains on November 15th, 21st, and 22nd, 1892. All three were single birds, but
another was seen on November 21st, two were beard calling to each other on
the 23rd, and again, in another place, on the 24th ; lastly one was seen in another
place again on the 26th, but not secured. " This convinces me the ' Akialoa '
inhabits pretty well all the upper part of the mountain of Lanai, where there
is forest. The three specimens secured were in good condition, the last quite
fat, and all their stomachs full of insects." No other collector has hitherto
found a Hemignathus on Lanai, and the greatest credit is due to H. C. Palmer
for having discovered this bird, which must be very rare and perhaps on the
verge of extinction, or possibly now extinct. Progress and collecting in the
upper forests of these islands is, however, difficult, and efforts should be made to
secure more specimens, before the subspecies passes away.)
282. Loxops ochracea Rothsch. = Loxops coccitiea ochracea.
Loxops ochracea Rothschild, Ibis, 1893. p. 112 (" Mauai "= Maui).
Type : 3 ad., Maui, 20-26. ix. 1892. H. C. Pahner leg. No. 1770.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 171
f 283. Loxops wolstenholmei Rothsch. = Loxops coccinea rufa.
Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, i. p. Ivi. (1893 — Oahu).
Type : S ad., Waihua district, Oahu, 24. iv. 1893. H. C. Palmer & Wol-
stenholme leg. No. 2050.
284. Himatione newtoni Rothsch. = Oreomystis newtoni.
BinuUione newtoni Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, i. p. xlii. (1893 — " Mauai " = Maui).
Type: ^ ad., Maui, 9.viii. 1892. H. C. Pabaer leg. No. 1699. The
genus Paroreomyza Perkins cannot be separated.
285. Oreomyza perkinsi Rothsch. = Oreomystis perkinsi.
Oreomyza perkinsi Rothschild, Avifauna of Laysan, pt. iii. p. 129 (1900 — Hawaii).
Type : S ad., Kona, Hawaii, 25. is. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1332.
This curious specimen, the only one like it ever obtained, is probably a
somewhat rare species which has been overlooked. Even Palmer, when he
skinned it, never noticed that it was anything uncommon, but mistook it for
the common "Amakihi," i.e. Chlorodrepanis virens. With this latter species
it has nothing to do, and Perkins's suggestion that it might be a " sport " of it,
has no foundation. In the shape of the beak and general proportions it agrees
closely with Oreomystis flammea { Wils. ) from Molokai, but, as the original descrip-
tion shows, is totally different in colour. In the dense forests of the Hawaiian
highlands small birds like Chlorodrepanis virens, Oreomystis mana, and 0. perkinsi
must look almost alike, even at small distances.
286. Viridonia sagittirostris Rothsch. = Viridonia sagittirostris.
Tiridcnia sagittirostris Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x. p. 112 (1892 — Hawaii),
Type : <J ad., Hawaii, 30. iv. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1601.
287. Himatione wUsoni Rothsch. = Chlorodrepanis wilsoni.
Bimatione wilsoni Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, i. p. xlii. (1893 — "Mauai" = Maui).
Type : <J ad., Maui, 17. vii. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No. 1650.
288. Himatione fraithii Rothsch. = Himatione sanguinea fraithii.
Bimatione fraithii Rothschild, Ann. <fc Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x. p. 109 (1892 — Laysan).
Type : <? ad., Laysan, 18. vi. 1891. H. C. Palmer leg.
t 289. Falmeria miiabilis Rothsch. = Palmeria dolei (Wils.).
Palmeria mirabilis Rothschild, Ibis, 1893. p. 113 {" Mauai "= Maui).
Type : 3 ad., Maui, September 1882. H. C. Pahner leg. No. 1764.
mXIOTILTIDAE.
290. Certhidea bifasciata Ridgw. = Certhidea cinerascens bifasciata.
Cerihidea bifasciata Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 359 ( 1894— Barrington Island, GalA-
pagos).
Type: Ad., Barrington Island, 9. vii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg. No. 593.
(From spirits !)
172 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAI: XXVI. 1919.
291. Certhidea becki Rothsch. = Certhidea olivacea becki.
Certhidea becki Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, vii. p. Uii. (1898 — Wenman Island, Galapagos).
Type: o, Wenman Island, 31. vii. 1897. Webster-Harris Expedition. No.
236. HuU leg.
292. Certhidea drownei Rothsch. = Certhidea olivacea drownei.
Certhidea drownei Rothschild, Butt. B.O. Club, vii. p. liiL (1898 — Culpepper Island, Galapagos).
Type: <?, Culpepper Island, 27. vii. 1897. Webster-Harris Expedition.
R. H. Beck leg. No. 148.
293. Certhidea mentalis Ridgw. = Certhidea olivacea mentalis.
Certhidea mentalis Ridgway, Pros. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 359 (1894— Tower Island, Galapagos).
Type : Ad., Tower Island, 2. ix. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg. No. 594. (From
spirits !)
294. Certhidea olivacea ridgwayi Rothsch. & Hart. = Certhidea olivacea
ridgwayi.
Certhidea olivacea ridgwayi Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1899, p. 149 (Charles Island).
295. Certhidea luteola Ridgw. = Certhidea olivacea luteola.
Certhidea luteola Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 360 (1894 — Chatham Island, Galapagos).
Type : S ad., Chatham Island, 17. vi. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg. No. 56.
t 296. Certhidea salvini Ridgw. = Certhiola olivacea olivacea.
Certhidea salvini Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 358 (1894 — Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos Archipelago).
Type: <? ad.. Indefatigable Island, 6. viii. 1891. Dr. G. Baur leg. No.
438.
f 297. Certhidea albemarlei Ridgw. = Certhiola olivacea olivacea.
Certhidea albemarlei Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. p. 360 (1894 — Albemarle Island, Gala-
pagos).
Type: Albemarle Island, 21. vii. 1891. G. Baur leg. No. 6.33. (Not No.
595, as Ridgway quoted). (From spirits !)
298. Granatellus pelzeini paraensis Rothsch. = Granatellns pclzcln.i paraensis.
Oranalellu^ pelzeini paraensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xvi. p. 87 (1906 — Para).
Type : <J ad., Prata near Para, 17. xi. 1905. W. Hoffmanns leg. No. 141.
UELIFHAGIOAZ:.
t 299. Myzomela splendida Tristr. = Myzomela cardinalis cardinalis.
Myzomda splendida Tristram, Ibis, 1879. p. 191 (Tanna Island).
Cotype : S ad.. Port Resolution, Tanna, New Hebrides, vii. 1878. E. L.
Layard leg.
This specimen is marked " type " by Tristram, it is therefore just as much
the type as the two males in the Tristram Collection, mentioned p. 206 of the
NOVITATZS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 173
published catalogue of his collection. The fact is that Tristram marked all
specimens as types, they are therefore all cotypes. There is no doubt that
splendida is a synonym of cardinalis, which was also described from Tanna.
Ti'istram's note is not quite correct ; he only named the birds " at Mr. Layard's
request, though with some hesitation," because he says Latham's measurements
did not agree ! He adds that Latham gave the length as 4 inches, instead of
5' 6 to 6. Latham, however, in the original description said only " Length of
our Creeper," and the length of the type is 4'5 and not 5'5 to 6 inches.
300. Myzomela eichhomi R. & H. = Myzomela eiclihorni eicJihorni.
Myzomela eiclihorni Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 181 (Kulambangra, Solomon Islands).
Type: o ad., Kulambangra, 26. ii. 1901. A. S. Meek and Eichhorn leg.
No. 2799.
301. Myzomsia eichhomi interposita R. & H. = Myzomela eichhomi
iiUerposiia.
Myzomela eichhomi interposita Rothschild & Hartert, Bail. B.O. Cliii), xxxvii. p. 38 (1917 — New,
Georgia, Solomon Is ).
Type: <J ad.. New Georgia, IS.iii. 1904. A. S. Meek and Eichhorn leg.
No. A. 1465.
302. Myzomela eichhomi atrata Hart. = Myzomela eichhomi atrata.
Myzomda eichhomi atrata Hartert, BtiM. B.O. Club, sxL p. 105 (1908 — VeUa Lavella Island
Solomon Is.).
Type ; 3 ad., Vella Lavella I., 28. ii. 1908. A. S. Meek and Eichhorn leg.
No. 3884.
303. Myzomela eques nymani Rothsch. & Hart. = Myzomela eques nymani.
Myzomela eques nymani Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 223 (Simbang, Kaiser Wilbelm's
Land).
Type : $ ad., Simbang, 26. viii. 1899. Dr. E. Nyman leg.
304. Myzomela simplex mortyana Hart. = Myzomela oh-scura mortyana.
Myzomela simplex mortyana Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 56 (Morty Island).
Type : Morty Island. Dumas leg. No. M. 59.
j- 305. Myzomela obseura grisescens Hart. = Myzomela ohscura ohscura.
Myzomela ohscura grisescens Hartert., Nov. Zool. 1905. p. 235 (Brocks Creek, Northern Territory
of South Australia),
Type: (J ad., Brocks Creek, 9. viii. 1902. J. Tunney leg. No. R. 635.
1 was quite right in separatmg this form from the one inhabiting North
Queensland. As, however, the type of M. ohscura Gould {Proc. Zool. Soc.
London 1842, p. 137, published 1843) came from Port Essington, my grisescens
became a synonym of obscnra, while the form usually called ohscura required a
new name, and Mathews named it M. ohscura harterti, terra typica Cape York,
distribution Northern Queensland.
174 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVT. 1919.
306. Myzomela obsciira meeki Rothsch. & Hart. = Myzomela obscura meeki.
Myzomela obscura meeki Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 479 (Upper Aroa River).
Type: ? ad., Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, 6.ii. 1905.' A. S.
Meek leg. No. B. 208.
(Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, Suppl. II. 1915, pp. 51, 52, united the forms from
the Aru Islands and from British New Guinea with 31. obscura obscura, but he
forgot to mention our meeki. The Aru specimens are darker, the ones from
the Aroa River smaller than M. obscura obscura. The birds from Outanata are
probably like the Aiu ones, but we have seen no specimens from there, nor
did we receive any from the Mimika River.)
307. Myzomela albigula Hart. = Myzoinela albigulu albigula.
Myzomela cUbigula Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, viii. p. sx. (1898 — Roasel Island).
Type : <? ad., Rossel I., Louisiade group, 27. i. 1898. A. S. Meek Coll. No.
1306. "
308. Myzomela pallidior Hart. = Myzomela albigida pallidior.
Myzomela pallidior Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, viii. p. xsi. (1898 — St. Aignan Island).
Type : cj ad., St. Aignan, Louisiade group, 31. vii. 1897. A. S. Meek coll.
No. 725.
In NoviTATES ZoOLOGiCAE 1907, p. 480, I suggested that even albigula and
pallidior might be subspecies of M. obscura, but the striped character of their
undersides seems to me now so peculiar that it appears to be more natural
to accept another species on the Louisiade Islands, which will then stand as
Myzomela albigula albigulu and M. albigula pallidior. Cf. also Novitates.
ZOOLOGICAE, 1899, pp. 79, 210.
309. Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hart. = Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis.
Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. v. p. 527 (1898— Sudest Island).
Type : o ad., Sudest Island, Louisiade group, 8.iv. 1898. A. S. Meek CoU.
No. 1690.
310. Myzomela batjanensis Hart. = Myzomela sanguinolenta batjancnsis.
Myzomela batjanensis Hart«rt, Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 56 (Batjan),
Type: cj ad., Batjan, vi. 1902. John Waterstadt leg. No. B. 579.
311. Myzomela kuehni Rothsch. = Myzomela kuehni.
Myzomela kuehni Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xiii. p. 42 (1903 — Wetter).
Type: <? ad.. Wetter Island, 5.x. 1902. Heinrich Kiihn leg. No. 5693.
312. Anthi'eptes meeki Hart. = Oedistoma pygmaeum meeki.
Anthreples meeki Hart«rt, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 239 (Fergusson Island).
Type: S ad., Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group, 6.x. 1894. A. S.
Meek leg. 1^
NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919. 175
31.3. Melilestes fergussonis Hart. = Toxorhynchus iliolophns fergussonis.
Mdilestes fergussonis Hartert, Xov. Zool. 1896. p. 237 (Fergus3on Island).
Type : i ad., Fergusson I., October 1894. No. 15, A. S. Meek Coll.
314. Melilestes novaeguineae flaviventris Rothsch. & Hart. = Toxorhynchus
novaeguineae flaviventris.
Melilestes novaeguineae flavivenlria Bothschild & Hartert, Bvll, B.O, Club, xxvii. p. 44 (Aru Islands).
Type : S ad., Sungej Bark, Kobroor, Aru Is., 27. viii. 1900. Heinr. Kiihn^
No. 2380.
31.5. Melipotes ater R. & H. = Melipotes ater.
Melipotes ater Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 13 (1911 — " RawUnson Mountains,
north of Huon GuU, German New Guinea ").
Type: ((J ad.) Rawlinson Mountains, 1911. C Keysser leg. (Bought
from Professor Foerster).
There are now two females and one male of this remarkable species in the
Tring Museum. Only one of the females is sexed, but it is evident from the very
different size (wing 22 mm. longer !) that the type is a male, the third specimen
also a female.
316. Melipotes gymnops goliathi R. & H. = Melipotes gymnops goliathi.
Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 34 (1911 — " Mt. Goliath,
Central Dutch New Guinea, above 5,000 feet ").
Type : <? ad., Mount Goliath, 27. i. 1911. A. S. Meek Coll. No. 5221.
This very distinct form is much nearer to M. jumigatus than to gymnops ;
we described it as M. gymnops goliathi because we had considered gymnops to be
a subspecies of ftimigatus. This may be open to criticism and goliathi might be
called M. jumigatus goliathi.
317. Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris R. & H. = Melirrhophetes belfordi
griseirostris.
Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p, 34 (1911 —
" Mt. Goliath, Eastern Central Dutch New Guinea").
Type : <J ad., Mt. Goliath, ll.ii. 1911. A. S. Meek Coll. No. 5353.
.318. Melirrhophetes foersteri R. & H. = Melirrhophetes foersteri.
Melirrhophetes foersteri Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 12 (1911 — "Rawlinson
Mountains, north of Huon Gulf, German New Gninea ").
Type: (<J ad.) Rawlinson Mts. C. Keysser leg. 1911. (Ex Professor
Foerster).
319. Stigmatops indistiacta nupta Stres. = Stigmatops indistincta nupta.
Stigmatops indistincta nupta Stresemann, Nov. Zool, 1913. p. 344 (" Ani-Inseln ").
Type: 3 ad., Manien, Aru Islands, 19. xi. 1897. Heinr. Kiihn leg. No.
347.
176 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
320. Stigmatops argentanris patasiwa Strcs. = Stigmatops argentauria patasitca.
Sligmatops argerUauris ipatasiwa Stresemann, Nov. Zool, 1913. p. 345 (Coral Island of Lusaolate on.
the north coast of Ceram).
Type: S, Lusaolate, 27. viii. 1911. E. Stresemann leg. No. 869.
321. Stigmatops deningeri Stres. = Stigmatops deningeri.
Stigmatops deningeri Stresemann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxi. p. 6 (1912), and Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 392
(1912— Burn).
Type: <?, Gunong Fogha, Buru, 25.ii. 1912. E. Stresemann leg. No. 1104.
322. Stigmatops monticola Stres. = Stigmatops monticola.
Stigmatops monticola Stresemann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxi. p. 5 (1912 — Ceram).
Type : cJ ad., Gunong Sofia, Ceram, 4,000 ft., 27. vi. 1911. E. Stresemann
leg. No. 696.
323. Ptilotis amensis sharpei R. & H. = Meliphaga aruensis sharpei.
Ptilotis aruensis sltarpei Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 442 (Berau Peninsula, Batauta,
Waigiu, Salwatti, Misol, Jobi, Erima, D'Entrecasteaux Islands).
Type : tj ad., Dorey, October 1896. Will. Doherty leg.
324. Ptilotis praecipua Hart. = Ptiloprora praecipua praecipua.
Ptilotis praecipua Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1897. p. 370 (between Mts. Scratchley and Musgrave, British
New Guinea).
Type : <J ad., between Mts. Scratchley and Musgrave, British New Guinea,
5,000—6,000 ft. Anthony leg.
•f 325. Ptilotis praecipua nigritergum R. & H. = Ptiloprora praecipua lorentzi.
Ptilotis praecipua nigritergum Rothschild & Hartert, Bull, B.O. Club, xxix. p. 35 (1911 — ^Mt. Goliath).
Type: 3 ad., Mt. Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 20.1.1911. A. S.
Meek Coll. No. 5143.
When describing this bird in 1911 we had overlooked that it had already
been named in 1909, by Dr. van Oort. I would agree with Dr. van Oort in
considering this form a subspecies of erythro pleura , but Mr. C. Boden Kloss has
collected both Ptiloprora praecipua lorentzi and what is apparently P. erythro-
pleura in the same places on the Utakwa River. (Cf. Ogil vie- Grant, Suppl. Ibis,
1915, p. 76).
326. Ptilotis meekiana R. & H. = Ptiloprora meekiana.
Ptilotis meekiana Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 482 (Upper Aroa River).
Type : 3 ad., head of Aroa River, British New Guinea, 4,000—6,000 ft.,
20. V, 1905. A. S. Meek Coll. No. A. 2199.
327. Ptilotis salvadoiii Hart. = Xanthotis Salvador ii.
Ptilotis salvadorii Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 531 (Owen Stanley Mts., British New Guinea).
Type : ad., Mt. Victoria, Owen Stanley Range, 5,000—7,000 ft., April-
June 1896. Anthony leg.
NOVTIATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 177
328. Ptilotis visi Hart. = Xanthotis flaviventer visi.
Ptilotis visi Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 15 (Mailu district, British New Guinea).
Type : S ad., Mailu district, vii.-viii. 1895. Anthony leg.
329. Ptilotis chrysotis madaraszi R. & H. = Xanthotis flaviventer madaraszi.
Ptilotis chrysotis madaraszi Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 446 (Simbang & Stephansort,
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land).
Type : S ad., Simbang, 7. ix. 1899. E. Nyman leg.
330. Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior R. & H. = Xanthotis flaviventer saturatior.
Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 445 (Aru Islands).
Type : (J ad., Sungei Wanumbai, Kobroor, Aru Islands, i.ix. 1900. Hein-
rich Kiilm leg. No. 2425.
331. Ptilotis Jorresti Ingram = Meliphaga sonora forresti.
Ptilotis forresti Ingram, Bull. B.O. Club, xvi. p. 116 (1906 — Alexandra Station, Northern Territory
of South Australia).
Type : ad., Alexandra, July 1905. W. Stalker leg.
332. Ptilotis analoga vicina R. & H. = Meliphaga sonora vicina.
Ptilotis analoga vicina Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xix. p. 203 (1912 — Sudest Island, Louisiade
group).
Type: <J ad., Sudest Island, 8. iv. 1898. A. S. Meek Coll. No. 1696.
333. Entomyza cyanotis harterti Rob. & Laver. = Entomyzon cyanolis harterti.
Entomyza cyanotis harterti Robinson & Laverock, Ihis. 1900. p. 635 (Cooktown, Queensland).
Type: <J ad., Cooktown, 10. ii. 1900. Olive leg.
334. Acrulocercus bishopi Rothsch. = Moho bishopi.
Acmlocercus hishopi Rothschild, Bull. B.O, Club, i. p. xlii. (1893 — Molokai).
Type : 3, Molokai, Sandwich Islands, 26. xii. 1892. H. C. Palmer leg. No.
1891.
335. Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus Hart. = Philemon novaegimteae
suhtvherosus.
Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896. p. 238 (Fergusson Island, D'Entre-
casteaux group).
Type: <J ad., Fergusson Islands, 9.x. 1894. A. S. Meek leg.
336. Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis R. & H. = Philemon novaeguineae
hrevipennis.
Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1913. vol. xx, p. 513 (Snow
Mountains, Dutch New Guinea).
Type: S ad., lower ranges of Snow Mountains, 4.ix. 1910. A. S. Meek
CoU. No. 4713.
12
178 NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919.
337. Phaemon novaeguineae tagulanus R. & H. = Philemon novaeguineae
tagithimis.
Philemon novaeguineae tagulanus Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1918. p. 319 (Sudest Island,
Louisiade group).
Type: <J ad., Sudest Island, 6. v. 1916. Eichhorn leg. No. 7411 of the
Meek Collections.
338. Philemon timoriensis pallidiceps Hellm. = Philemon tim^riensis pallidiceps.
Philemon timoriensis pallidiceps Hellmayr, Avif. Tim/jr (in Haniel, Zool. Timor, Lief i.), p. 47 ( 1914 —
Wetter).
Type: 3 ad., Wetter, 14. ix. 1902. Heiiirich Kiilm leg. No. 5432.
(To be continued.)
NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXVI. 1919. 179
DISPHARAGES (NEMATODES) DE L'AFEIQUE MINEURE.
Par L. G. SEURAT.
L'EXAMEN de I'oesophage et du ventricule succentuiie d'Oiseaux captures
en Algerie m'a permis de recueillir un certain nombre de Dispharages
dont la plupart appartiemient a des especes nouvelles ou a des especes insuffisam-
ment connues ; certains d'entre eux ne peuvent rentrer dans aucun des genres
actuellement existants A^Acnariidae.
Dans las lignes qui suivent, nous allons donner la liste de ces Nematodes,
dans Tordre de leurs affinites zoologiques teUes que nous les comprenons en
nous basant sur la structure des ornements cuticulaires de la region cephabque
et sur la morphologic de I'appareil genital femelle.
Fam. ACUARIIDAE Seurat 1913.
Genre Acuaria Bremser, 1811 ; Sous-Genre Acuaria.
1. Acuaria (Acuaria) anthuris (Rud. 1819). — Seurat, 1915, C. R. Soc. Biologie
Paris, t. 78, p. 41, fig. 2 (ovejecteur) ; ibid. 1916, t. p. 935.
Habitat : 5 femelles et 1 male trouves sous la tunique cornee du gesier
du Corbeau (Corvus corax tingitajius Irby), Bou Saada, 9 avril 1914.
Distribution geographique : Europe, Turkestan, Algerie.
Genre Chevreuxia Seurat 1918.
Ces Dispharages, a ornementation cuticulaire, tres primitive, sont carac-
terises par 1' existence de quatre cordons cutanes droits, sans branche recurrente,
unis deux a deux sur les lignes laterales par une anse appliquee sur une collerette
cuticulaii'e prenant naissance, par duplicature du tegument, immediatement
en avant de I'insertion des papiUes postcervicales.
2. Chevreuxia revoluta (Rud.). — Seurat, Bull. Soc. hist. nat. Afrique du Nord,
t. 9, pp. 106-109, fig. 1-2.
Synon. — Spiroptera revoluta Rud. 1819 ; Dujardin, 1845 ; Diesing, 1851. Dispharagus revolvius
Molin, 1860 ; Stossich, 1897.
Habitat : Galeries creusees sous la tunique cornee du gesier de I'Echasse
{Himantopus himantopus L.), 3 ? et 1 (J, Alger, 15 avril 1918 ; 1 ?, Bone, Janvier
1918.
Distribution geographique : Europe, Algerie.
Genre Echinuria Solovjev, 1912 (septembre).
Synon. — Hamannia Railliet, Henry, Sisov, 1912 (d^cenibre).
La disposition des cordons cutanes du Chevreuxia revoluta (Rud.) permet de
comprendre celle des cordons des Echinuria : chez les Chevreuxia et chez les
Echinuria la region cephalique est ornee de quatre cordons droits, unis deux
180
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
a deux par une anse laterale ; mais tandis que les cordons conservent lour dis-
position symetrique chez les premiers, chez les Echinuria ils s'inflechissent vers
les lignes latero-ventrales ou ils viennent s'unir a peu de distance au dela du
pore excreteur, cette modification de trajet etant surtout marquee pour les
cordons latero-dorsaux, qui passent au dessous des papilles cervicales ; * I'orne-
mentation cuticulaire des Echinuria comprend, en outre, une double rangee
d'aiguillons lateraux.
Fig. a. — Echinuria uncinata (Rud.).
1, oitr6mit6 c^phalique vue du c0t6 droit ; 3, !a m&mc, vue par la face ventrale ; p, papille postcervicale droite.
3. Echinuria uncinata (Rud.) Solovjev, 1912; Seurat, C. R. Soc. Biologie Paris,
t. 81, p. 579 (appareil genital femelle).
Synon. — Spiroplera uncinata Rurl. 1819, Synopsis, p. 26 et 246 ; Dujardin, 1845 ; Diesing,
1851 ; Molin, 1859 ; non Eberth 1863 (le Nematode figure par Eberth et consider^ par lui
comme se rapportant a cette espece est le Strangle de I'Oie, Amidostomum nodulosum (Rud.)
Seurat, 1918). Filaria uncinata Schneider, 1866, Monog. Nemat., p. 94, pi. vi. fig. 4 ; Hamann,
1893 et 1895. Disparagus uncinatus Railliet, 1895 ; Stossich, 1897 ; Neumann, 1909 ; Linstow,
1909. Acuaria (Hamannia) uncinata Railliet, Henry et Sisor, 1912, C. R. Soc. Biologie, t. 73,
p. 622 ; Henry et Sisov, 1913.
U Echinuria uncinata est caracterise par la position reculee de la vulve,
situee a peu de distance en avant de I'anus ; I'ovejecteiir, du type de celui des
Dispharynx, comprend un court vagin perpendiculaire a la parol du corps, tapisse
• Lea papiUea cervicales, qu'aucun auteur ne signale, sont situSes imm^diatement en arricre
du niveau du bord posti5rieur de I'anneau nerveux, ii la hauteur du troisieme aiguillon de la rangije
exteme.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 181
d'une epaisse tunique cuticulaire, qui donne acces dans I'ovejecteur proprement
dit ; celui-ci, dirige vers I'arriere, est divise en un vestibule et un sphincter dont
la limite est marquee par un epaississement de la tunique musculaire. Le sphincter
passe directement aux branches paires de la trompe, celles-ci remontant paral-
lelement a I'ovejecteur pour rejoindre les uterus ; ces derniers courent d'abord
vers I'avant, entortilles en une spirale lache, puis se separent, I'un continuant sa
direction vers la region anterieure du corps (uterus anterieur) tandis que I'autre
se replie et revient vers I'arriere (uterus posterieur) ; les oviductes et les ovaires
sont entortilles, d'une part dans la region anterieure du corps, d 'autre part dans
la region posterieure, en avant de I'anus. L'Echinuria micinata est ainsi un
amphidelphe a ovaires opposes, dont la vulva s'est secondairement rapprochee de
I'anus, en entrainant la region proximale des uterus (chez VEchinuria phoenicopteri
Seurat la vulve s'ouvre, au contraire, au cinquieme posterieur de la longueur du
corps, c'est-a-dire assez loin en avant de I'anus).
Habitat : Un individu femelle, de 18°"°5 de longueur, enfonce dans les
glandes gastriques de I'Anas penelope L., Ain Mokra (Algerie), 12 mars 1918.
Distribution geographique : Europe, Algerie.
Genre Acuaria, Sous-Genre Dispharynx Railliet, Henry, Sisov 1912.
4. Acuaria (Dispharynx) noctuae Seurat 1913, C. R. Soc. Biologie Paris, t. 74,
p. 103, fig. 1-4 et 1916, ibid. t. 79, p. 934.
Habitat : CEsophage de la Cheveche [Carine noctua glaux Sav.), Birine,
Hants plateaux d'Algerie, avril 1911.
Distribution geographique : Algerie.
5. Acuaria (Dispharynx) spiralis (Molin, 1858), Seurat, C. R. Soc. Biologie Paris,
1916, t. 79, pp. 934-938, fig. 1-4.
Synon. — Dispharagus spiralis Molin, 1858. Dispharagus nasutus Plana, 1897. Dispharagua
spiralis coliimbae Bridre 1910, Bull. Soc. path, exotique, t. 3, pp. 38-39.
Habitat : Ventricule succenturie de la Perdrix de roche (Alectoris barbara =
Caccabis petrosa auct. nee Gmelin), 10 femelles, 3 males, Aumale, 19 octobre
1913 ; Orleansville, novembre 1917 ; Medea, septembre 1917 ; ventricule suc-
centurie du Pigeon domestique, Tunis (Bridre).
Distribution geographique : Europe, Turkestan, Congo beige, Algerie,
Tunisie, Australia.
6. Acuaria (Dispharynx) laplantei n. sp.
Corps massif, attenue aux extremites. Cuticule epaisse, striea transver-
salement, a stries espacees de 6 fi. Cordons cutanes presentant la meme disposi-
tion que chez l' Acuaria noctuae et 1'^. spiralis. Papilles postcervicales tricus-
pides, subsymetriques, inserees ainsi qua chez V Acuaria spiralis immediatement
en avant du niveau du pore excreteur ; papilles intestinales laterales subsyme-
triques, inserees, chez la femalle, a peu de distance au dela de la vulve.
Bouche limitee lateralement par deux fortes levres triangulaires encadrees
par les cordons cuticulaires. Cavite buccale tubuleuse, legerement evasee a
son entree, finement striee transversalement, plus allongee que chez V Acuaria
182
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1910.
spiralis. CEsopliage ncttement dififerencie en deux regions ; cesophage muscu-
laire entoure par Fanncau nerveux au tiers anterieur de sa longueur.
Femelle. — Longueur totale 9°"9. Corps massif, brusquement attenue,
ainsi que chez YAcuaria spiralis, immediatement en aniere de la vulve. Queue
eonique, courte.
Vulve non saillante, s'ouvrant au tiers posterieur de la longueur du corps,
en rapport avec un ovejecteur courbe en ? tapisse d'une membrane cuticulaire
interne sur toute sa longueur. Le vestibule, coude vers son milieu (fig. B, 1)
remonte d'abord vers I'avant, sur une longueur de 150/i , puis revient brusque-
ment vers Tarriere ; la partie vestibulaire ascendante (vagin), tapissee d'une
epaisse cuticule, presente une lumiere assez large et renferme quelques (quatre)
oeufs prets a etre pondus ; au point de courbure du vestibule, on observe une
FlQ. B.
1, 07»^jectciir lie VAruaria luplantiH n. sp. ; 2, ovejecteur de I'Acnaria spiralis {Uolin).
volumiiieuse glande unicellulaire ; la branche descendante de Tovejecteur, de
320/u. de longueur, presente d'abord une lumiere tres etroite, puis s'elargit quelque
pen, s'etrangle a nouveau vers son milieu et s'elargit ensuite graduellement.
La partie etranglee correspond a la limite du vestibule et du sphincter ; en cet
endroit, I'assise musculaire est fortement developpee et fait saiUie a I'interieur ;
de cette partie etranglee partent des replis cuticulaires diriges vers I'avant et
s'afiFrontant par leur extremite libre ; ce dispositif permet le passage des oeufs
du sphincter vers le vestibule, mais s'oppose a leur retour vers Farriere. L'ove-
jecteur cuticulau-e passe directement aux branches paires de la trompe, tapissees
interieurement de hautes cellules epitheliales, en sorte que la trompe impaire
n'existe pas. Branches paires de la trompe diametralement opposees. Uterus,
opposes ; ovaires et oviductes entortilles, d'une part dans la region oesophagienne,
d'autre part en avant de I'anus. CEufs elliptiques, a coque Epaisse, larves, a
maturite.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 183
Acuaria (Dispharynx) laplantei n. sp.
9 c?
Longueur totale 9'°°'9 S^SSO
Epaisseur maxima ......... 565 ii 3(10 m
Queue 170 370
Distance a Testremite cephalique :
1° du milieu de I'anneau nerveux ...... 370 310
no , -n X • 1 fdroite 612 445
2 des papilles postcervicales-^ ,
^ (^gauche 672 410
3° du pore exor^teur 590 390
.„ , -11 ■ i *• , fdroite 7™°595
4 des papilles mtestmalesi , _„„ „
•^ ^ (gauche 7°"°.360
5° de la vulve ......... 7"°'030
Longueur des cordons ......... 805 ^ 455
Cavite buccale 190 170
(Esophage musculaire ......... 685 745
(Esophage entier .......... 3"" 2°°'640
Rapport de la longueur totale a celle de Tcesophage . . . 3, 3 3, 1
(Eufa 37 X 25 Ai
SpiculesC^"'* 240
Igauche 865
Male. — Longueur totale 7""7 a 8'°°'4. Corps beaucoup plus grele quo celui
de la femelle ; extremite posterieure enroulee en spirale. Ailes caudales et
papilles genitales ayant la memo disposition que chez V Acuaria noctuae et VA.
spiralis : quatre paires de papilles preanales, cinq paires de papilles postanales.
Spicules inegaux (rapport de longueurs 3, 7), le droit court et large, falciforme,
le droit, grele et tres allonge, pointu a I'extremite, non aile.
Habitat : Ventricule succenturie du Geai, Garrulus glandarius cervicalis Bp.,
2 ?, 2 (J, Medea, 15 novembre 1917 (L. de Laplante) ; Ain Ograb, 10 octobre
1912 (Seurat).
Afjinites. — ^Cette espece, que je suis heureux de dedier a mon neveu Louis
de Laplante, est extremement voisine de I'Acuaria spiralis (Molin) Seurat 1916,
dont elle presente tous les caracteres exterieurs ; elle en differe par la longueur
plus grande de la cavite buccale, par la position moins reculee de la vulve et
surtout par la longueur plus grande de I'ovejecteur cuticulaire, I'absence de la
trompe impaire et la longueur plus grande des spicules.
Genre Acuaria, Sous-Genee Synhimantus Railliet, Henry, Sisov, 1912.
7. Acuaria (Synhimantus) laticeps (Eud. 1819).
Synon. — Acuaria laticeps (J, Seurat, 1915, C.R. Soc. Biologie, t. 78, p. 42 ; Aciiaria laticeps (Rud.),
Seurat, 1916, ibid. t. 79, p. 1126, fig. 2. Spiroptera laticeps, Rud. 1819. Dispharagiis laticeps
Duj. 1845 ; Molin, 1860. Filaria laticeps Schneider, 1866. Filaria involuta Linstow, 1879.
Spiroptera fallax Siebold, 1837, Dispharagus spiralis Linstow, 1883.
Habitat : CEsophage de I'Epervier {Accipiter nisus L.), 12 ?, 2,J, Mascara,
juillet 1914; estomac de I'Effraie {Ty to alba Scop. = Strix flammea anctorum) ,
Bordj Menaiel et environs d 'Alger, decembre 1913 ; ventricule succenturie de
I'Elanion blanc (Elanus caeruleus Daud.), adultes et larves, Algerie.
Distribution geographique : Europe, Turkestan, Algerie.
184 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
8. Acuaria ( Synhimantus) aflSnis Seurat, 1916. C. R. Soc. Biologie, t. 79, p.
1126, fig. 1.
Synon. — Filaria latireps e.p. Mueller, 1897. Acuaria laticeps $, Seurat, 1915, C. R. Soc. Biologie,
t. 78, pp. 41^4, fig. 1.
Habitat: CE^ophage de I'Effi'aie {Tyto alba Scop = Strix flammea auct.),
Bordj Menaiel (Kabylie), 20 decembre 1913 ; Corso (Algerie), 6 decembre 1913.
Distribution geographigue : Europe, Algerie.
9. Acuaria (Synhimantus) invaginatus (Linistow, 1901).
Synon. — Dispharagus invaginatus Linstow, 1901, lenaisch. Zeitsrh. Naturw. vol. 28, p. 414. pi. 13.
fig. 10-11 ; Gendre, 1913, Proc. verb. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, t. 66, p. 23-31, fig. 1-3.
Cette espece est caracterisee par la po.sition reculee de la vulve immediate-
ment en avant de I'anus et par sa monodelphie ; le tube genital simple remonte
vers I'avant, I'ovaire filiforme etant entortille dans la region oesopliagienne.
La femelle jeiuie, immature, ne presente rien de particulier ; chez la femeUe
fecondee, au contraire, la region posterieure du corps s'invagine a I'interieur
d'un fort repli cuticulaire au fond duquel se trouvent caches la vulve et I'anus,
I'extremite de la queue digitiforme faisant seule saillie au dehors.
Habitat : CEsophage du Garde-Boeuf, {Ardeola ibis (L.), 2 $ et 2 (J, Algerie,
30 decembre 1917 et du Heron pourpre, Corse, mars 1914.
Distribution geographique : Afrique (Lac Nyassa, Guinea fran9aise), Algerie
Corse.
Genee Rusguniella n. gen.*
Corps allonge, relativement grele, orne dans la region cephaHque de deux
cordons eutanes en forme de croissant prenant naissance aux angles d'insertion
des levres buccales et s'etendant sur les faces laterales a la fagon de deux epaulettes
et, en outre, de deux ailes laterales qui prennent naissance a pen de distance
au dela des cordons ; une paire de papilles precervicales situees dans I'epaisseur
de ces ailes ; pore excreteur ventral, s'ouvrant au dela de I'anneau nerveux.
Bouche limitee par deux levres laterales dressees ; une paire de grosses papilles
sessiles inserees sur le cadre buccal pres des angles d'insertion de ces levres ;
cavite buccale tubuliforme, legerement evasee a son extremite ; oesophage
nettement differencie en un oesophage musculaire transparent entoure par
I'anneau nerveux dans sa region anterieure et en un oesophage musculaire opaque.
Vulve a levres saillantes, s'ouvrant a peu de distance en avant du milieu du
corps ; ovejecteur cylindrique, remontant vers I'avant ; uterus et ovaires opposes.
Male inconnu.
Habitat : CKsophage des Charadriides, des Longipennes et des Plongeons.
Espece-type : Spiroptera elongata Rud.
Afjinites. Ce genre, remarquable par la simplicite des cordons eutanes
de la region cephalique, se rapproche des Cosmocephales par I'existence des ailes
laterales.
* Rusguniae, ruines romaines du Cnp Matifou (Baio d' Alger).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. Ii)19.
185
10. Rusguniella elongata (Rud.).
Synon. — Spiroptera elongata Rud. 1819, Synopsis, p. 26 et 246 ; Dujardiu, 1845, Hist. nat. Hel-
minthes, p. 102 (Spiroptere de I'Hirondelle de mer) ; Diesing, 1851. Filaria elongata Schneider,
1866. Dispharagus clongatus Moliii, 1860 ; Stossich, 1891 ; Linstow, 1909. Dispharagus
sp. Wedl, 1856, Silzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 19, pp. 58-59, pi. 3, fig. 40, 41.
Pemelle. — Longueur totale 24 a 40"°". Corps grele, allonge ; queue allongee,
digitiforme, arquee, a concavite ventrale. Cuticule epaisse, marquee d'une
tres fine striation transversale (stries espacees de 3 /i). Aires laterales etroites
(42 fi de largeur) parcourues en leur milieu par les ailes laterales.
Fig. C. — Rusguniella elongata (Bud.).
1, ertr6nut6 cSphalique vue de profil ; 2, la m9me, Tue par la face ventrale.
Rusguniella elongata (Rud.).
$
Longueur totale 28'°"2
Epaisseur maxima ......... 312 /i
Queue 275
Distance a I'estremite cephalique :
1° du milieu de I'auneau nerveux ...... 290
2° des papilles pr^cervicales-l , .. .....
(.droite 192
3° du pore excreteur ........ 456
4° de I'origine des ailes laterales ...... 105
5" de la vulve 13°"°
Cavite buceale .......... 135 /i
(Esophage rausculaire ......... 865
CEsophage glandulaire 3°™ 135
Rapport de la longueur totale a ceUe du corps .... 7
Vulve a levres legerement saillantes, situee immediatement en avant du
milieu du corps ; I'ovejecteur cuticulaire, tubuliforme, de 450 /x de longueur,
remonte vers I'avant ; uterus opposes ; ovaires filiformes, entortilles, I'ovaire
anterieur a la hauteur de la region terminale de I'oesophage, I'ovaire posterieur
dans la region preanale (a 2°"° de la pointe caudale). CEufs non developpes ;
186 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAJE XXVI. 1319.
suivant Wedl, les ceufs ovales, a coque epaisse, larves a maturite, mesurent
38 fjb de longueur sur 24 /i de diametro transversal.
Male: Inconnu.*
Habitat : Une femelle immature, trouvee sous la tunique cornee du gesier
d'une Mouetto, Alger, decembre 1917.
Les exemplaires vus par Rudolphi, Schneider et Molin ont ete trouves
antra les tunique de I'estomac de I'Hirondelle de mer (Hydrochelidon nigra L.),
ceux de Wedl dans divers organes du Podiceps yiigricollis.
Afflnites : Cette espece differa nettement du Eusguniella vanelli (Rud. 1819,
Linstow, 1884) par sa taiUe beaucoup plus grande.
Distribution geographique : Europe, Algerie.
Genre Seuratia Skrjabina, 1916.
Les Dispharages du genre Seuratia peuvent, par leur orncmcntation cuti-
culaire et en particulier par la structure des cordons cephaliques en forme d 'epau-
lette, etre consideres comme des Rusguniella chcz lesquels les ailes laterales
sont remplacees par une double rangee d'aiguillons.
11. Seuratia shipleyi (Stossich, 1900). — Skrjabina, 1916, C. B. Soc. Biologic
de Paris, t. 79. p. 971.
Synon. — Gnatlwstama shipleyi Stossich 1900, Boll. Soc. adriat. Sc. nat. Trieste, vol. xx. pp. 1-2,
pi. i. fig. 1-5. — Rictularia paradoxa Linstow, 1904, Arch. f. Nat. 70 Jahrg. i. p. 297. — Acuaria
pelagica Seurat, 1916, C. R. Soc. Biologic, t. 79, p. 786, figs. 1-5.
Habitat : Ventricule succenturie de la Mouette cendree {Lams canus L.)
Mers-el-Kebir, 3 avril 1914 et du Puffin cendre {Puffinus kuhli Boie), Alger,
12 avril 1914.
Distribution geographique : Algerie (Mediterran6e), Pacifique occidental.
Genre Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858.
Les Cosmocephales, par la disposition des branches recurrentes des cordons
cutanes anastomosees sur les faces laterales dans la region cephalique, par celle
des papillas carvicales et du pore excreteur, des ailes caudales et des papilles
genitales du male, par la conformation de I'ovejecteur, montrent des affinites
tres etroites avec les Acuaria a cordons recurrents anastomoses((S2/'*^*''^'*'*^''*)-
lis sont nettement caracterises par rexistence des ailes laterales prenant naissance
immediatemcnt au dela des papilles.
12. Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825).
Sjmon. — Spiropiera obvelata Creplin 1825, Observ. de Entoz. p. 10; 1829, Novae Observ. de ErUoz.
p. 4 ; Wicgmann's Arch. 184G ; Mehlis, Isis, 1831, p. 75 ; Uujardin, 1845. Filaria obvelata
Linstow, Arch. f. Nat. 1877, I. pp. 174-175, pi. xii. fig. 4-6. Dispharagus obvelatus Linst. 1909.
Histiocephalus spiralis Diesing 1851, Sijst. Helm. II. p. 231. Cosmocephalus papillosus Molin
1859, Drasche 1883, Verh. zool. bot. Gesellsch. VVien. vol. 33, pp. 113-114, pi. III. figs. 17-20.
Dispharagus papillosus Stossich 1898, Linstow 19i)9. Cosmoceplmlus alalus Jlolin, 18G0.
Corps de couleur legerement sanguinolente. Cuticule epaisse, finement
striee transversalement, ornee dans la region cephalique de cordons cutan6s
* Wedl a observe \xn male dont la taille 6tait la moitie de celle de la femelle, maia n'en doime
pas de description.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
187
a bord interne festonne.naissant surles lignes ventrale et dorsale immediatement
en arriere de la bouche ; chacuii des cordons a un trajet tres sinueux : diriges
d'abord vers I'arriere, ils ne tardent pas a revenir vers I'avant en formant une
premiere boucle, puis se recourbent (seconde boucle) pour se diriger a nouveau
vers I'arriere ; apres un trajet assez long, ils forment une troisieme anse, remon-
FiG. D. — Gosmocephalua obvdatua (Creplin).
1, cstr6mit6c6phalique vue du cdt6 droit; 2, la mfirae, vue par la face ceutrale ; 3, queue de la EemoUe, vuc veutralemeut.
tent le long des lignes laterales et viennent s'unir a ceux du cote oppose ; la
outicule est legerement soulevee au niveau de la seconde boucle (fig. D). Au
dela des cordons cutanes, a la hauteur de I'origine de I'oesophage musculaire
se trouve une paire de grosses papilles bicuspides ; en arriere de celles-ci, la
cuticule est soulevee en deux ailes laterales a fine striation transversale qui ne
a'etendent guere au dela de la region cesophagienne.
188 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
Bouche limitee par deux levres laterales portant une dent conique et une
paire de volumineuses papilles a leur base. Cavite buccale tubuleuse, etroite
et tres allongee, s'etendant jusqu'au niveau des papilles bicuspides. Qilsophage
musculaire entoure, dans sa region initiale, par un large anneau nerveux ; oeso-
phage glandulaire de couleur foncee. Pore excreteur ventral, s'ouvrant au
dela de I'anneau nerveux, en rapport avee une glande unicellulaire appliquee
contre I'oesophage.
Femelle. — Corps droit, legerement attenue dans la region anterieure ; queue
conique, terminee par un petit bouton aplati de 8 /i de hauteur (signale par
Dujardin, Linstow, etc.) ; pores caudaux subterminaux, situes a 35 /i de I'ex-
tremite caudale. Papilles intestinales asymetriques (distantes I'une de I'autre
de l"™^) situees, la droite en avant, la gauche au dela du milieu du corps.
Vulve tres petite, non saillante, s'ouvrant en avant du milieu du corps,
aux deux cinquiemes de la longueur. Ovejecteur dirige vers I'arriere : ovejecteur
cuticulaire court (155 /j.) ; vestibule a cavite spacieuse, piriformc ; sphincter
retreci. Uterus opposes ; ceufs larves a maturite.
Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Crfeplin).
<? ?
Longueur totale 12°"°200 13"°1
Epaisseur maxima (sans les ailes) ...... 255 /i 300 f»
Queue 420 230
Longueur des cordons cutanfe ....... 400 410
Distance k rextremite cephalique :
1° du milieu de I'anneau nerveux ...... 466 480
2° des papilles cervicales ....... 430 490
3° du pore excreteur ........ 540 600
4° de rorigine des ailes laterales ...... 460 520
5° de la vulve 5'^6
„„ , 11 ■ X .• T fdroite 6°°145
6 de3 papilles mtestinaless
Igauche ..... 7 550
Cavity buccale 430 420 p
CEsophage musculaire ........ l'°°090 925
CEsophage glandulaire S^^gCO 3""900
Rapport de la longueur du corps a celle de I'ccsophage . . . 2, 4 2, 7
Oeufs 36 X 20 fi
Spicules/''™'* 155 M
Igauche 540
Male. — Corps grele ; queue legerement enroulee, relativement allongee,
reguUerement attenuee, ornee de deux longues et larges ailes caudales hyalines
qui s'unissent en avant de la, pointe caudale ; trois papilles preanales a droite,
4 papilles a gauche ; cinq paires de papilles postanales pedonculees, la premiere
(comptee a partir de la pointe caudale) eloignee des suivantes et situee a peu de
distance de la pointe caudale ; il existe en outre cinq petites papilles scssiles
groupees entre les papilles genitales de la premiere paire. Pores caudaux sub-
terminaux situes a la hauteur des deux premieres papilles sessiles. Spicules
inegaux, le droit court et large (30 fi de largeur), le gauche, filiforme, a une
longueur presque quadruple de celle du spicule droit.
Habitat : CEsophage du Puffin cendre {Puffinus kuhli Boie) Alger, avril
1916 et oesophage d'une Mouette, Alger, decembre 1916.
Distribution geographique : Algerie, Europe.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919. 189
FORMES LARVAIRES.
13. Acuaria tarentolae Seurat 1916. C. R. Soc. de Biologic, t. 79, p. 934, fig. 1-2.
Habitat : larve trouvee dans restomac de la Tarente (Tarentola mauritanica
L.), Kouba, aout 1916.
14. Echinuria phoenicopteri (Seurat, 1916).
Synon. — Acuaria (Hamannia) phoenicopteri Seurat 1916, C, R. Soc. de Biologic, t. 79, p. 439, fig. I— 1.
Habitat : Ventricule succenturie du Flammant rose {Phoenicopterus roseus
Pall.), Algerie, 19 fevrier 1914.
190
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
SOME SPHINGIDAE FROM THE EAST.
By dr. KARL JOLDAN.
(With three text-figures.)
1. Oxyambulyx phalaris Jord. (1916).
$. Oxyamhvlyx wildei, Rothschild & Jordan {err. detenn.), Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 204 no. 165.
pi. 8. fig. 4. 9 nee fig. 3. cj ; Milne Bay.
(J. Oj-yam'mlyx phalaris Jordan, in Scitz, Orossschmett. x. pi. Ole (1910).
The series of Oxyambulyx which we have received from New Guinea since
the publication of the Revision proves that there are two species side by side,
differing in colour and structure. The two specimens which we had when we
wrote the Revision were referred by us to 0. wildei Misk. (1891), and we find
now that only the male belongs to that species, while the female is an example
of the new species, which is the larger of the two.
c?. Wings, upperside. Forewing drab brown in fresh specimens, more fawn-
colour in somewhat worn ones, much darker than in 0. wildei ; for markings
cf. figures [11. cc.) ; the terminal band broader than in 0. wildei ; the oKve-
black submarginal Une more than twice as broad as in wildei. Hindwing, more
deeply coloured than in wildei ; the brown speckling denser, and the basal
patch less contrasting than in wildei.
Underside. The dark scaling a deep chestnut in the distal area of the wings,
the lines blackish, the limbal band drab, and the proximal area shaded with
drab ; abdominal area of hindwing more or less pure drab.
Body more deeply coloured than m O. tvildei, particularly on the under-
side, which is more or less deep chestnut colour.
?. Body and wings, on the upperside, of a pale chocolate tint slightly washed
with drab. Markings and underside as in the male. Anal tuft deep chestnut,
appearmg almost black.
Genitalia. $. Apical margin of eighth sternite slightly incmved laterally,
excurved medianly, the broad and very short lobe thus formed somewhat curved
upward ( = inward), but its angles not tubercuUform. Harpe differs from
that of 0. wildei as follows : in wildei the ventral process is long and narrow
(text-fig. 2) , while in pluilaris it is short and broad (text-fig. 1) ; the upper process
is much slenderer in phalaris than in wildei and sharply pointed, and there are in
phalaris no teeth proximaUy to this process, the ridge extending from the process
basad being smooth. The long serrate ridge of the penis-sheath is nearly straight
in wildei, and reaches beyond the apex of the apical process of the sheath ; in
phalaris the ridge is curved about halfway round the sheath, and therefore
does not reach to the tip of the apical process. ?. The eighth tergite is medianly
sinuate in both species, but the sinus is rather deeper and the lobes much less
broad in wildei than in phalaris. The vaginal cavity, in plmlaris, is continued
on to the postvaginal plate by a median depression which is flanked on each
side by an obtuse longitudinal ridge ; in wildei, on the contrary, the cavity is
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
191
posteriorly bounded by a transverse obtuse ridge which is highest in the centre ;
in wildei, moreover, the post-vaginal plate is flat, slightly concave, and smooth,
not wrinkled except laterally.
We have two subspecies :
(a) 0. phalaris phalaris (text-fig. 1).
Literature as above, the female figured in the Revision and the male figured
in Seitz belonging to this subspecies.
A very deeply coloured geographical race, recognised by the deep chestnut
colour of the dark portions of the underside, both on body and wings.
Length of forewing : <J, 56-58 mm. ; ?, 58-61 mm.
Hah. Dutch and British New Guinea, a series of both sexes, some col-
lected by Meek and others by Pratt. Type from the Nmay valley in the
Arfak Mts., 3,500 ft., Nov. 1908 to Jan. 1909.
Fia. 1 — O. ph, 'phalaris.
^f^l■l/Vp>
Fia, 2 — O. wildei.
Fia. 3 — 0. a. celebenaia.
(b) 0. phalaris carycina subsp. nov.
$. PaUidior, magis ochracea, linea obliqua costali antemediana ante cellulae
angulum posticum posita.
Long. al. ant. 56 mm.
Hab. Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek), one female.
The specimen is slightly worn, which may be the reason why it is paler
than our palest female of 0. ph. phalaris ; the hindwing particularly has the
dark colouring much reduced in extent, the ochraceous ground-colour being
as prominent as in 0. loildei. The terminal band inclusive of the broad Une
bounding it, above and below, and the anal tuft are as in O. ph. phalaris ; the
192 NoviTATEs ZooxoaicAE XXVJ. 1919.
chestnut scaling in the outer area of the forewing beneath is also deeper than
in 0. wildei, and the genital armature agrees with that of phalaris.
The subapical obUque bar in the cell of the forewing does not form a direct
contmuation of the brown vein-streak R', but ends below the lower angle
of the cell. On receipt of more material this may prove to be an mdividual
distinction only.
2. Oxyambulyx substrigUis tattina subsp. nov.
(J. Linea submarginaU alae anticae minus cm vata infra indistincta, armatura
genitali diversa.
Long. al. ant. 55 mm.
Hab. Battak Mts., North-East Sumatra (Dr. L. Martin), one male.
Forewing conspicuously shaded with ohve-green, especially between the
antemedian lines and again between the discal ones ; the subapical costal
triangular ohve-green patch broader and less obhque than in 0. s. substrigUis ;
the marginal band less widened before middle ; the black submarguial line
not accompanied on the proximal side by a pale line, but instead by a diffuse
ohve-green shadow ; the subbasal round spot drab in this specimen. Hind-
wing more tawny than in the male of 0. s. substrigUis.
On the underside the forewing almost uniformly reddish tawny in the area
proximal to the grey marginal border ; the latter less wide before middle than
in O. s. substrigUis, and the submarginal Une boxmding it not distinct, being
diffuse and but httle darker than the area proximal to it.
The apex of the ventral process of the harpe almost symmetrical, the apical
margin of it shghtly incurved ; distally of the long pointed upper process indica-
tions of teeth. Inside-rod of penis-sheath broad, not pomted.
3. Oxyambulyx semifervens celebensis subsp. nov. (text-fig. 3).
(J. Ahs angustioribus, antica margine exteriore in medio recto, macula
diffusa fusca subapicaU magna, linea submargmaU supra et subtus ohvaceo nigra.
Long. al. ant. 39 mm., lat. 12 mm.
Hab. Maros, South Celebes, July 30, 1906 (Dr. L. Martin), one male.
In shape and colourmg recaUuig 0. subocellata reld.(1874). The forewing
has two subbasal grey-bordered spots below the cell as in semifervens Walk.
(1864) ; the discal markings are distinct, as in many subocellata, and the ohvaceous-
black subapical cloud also reminds one of that species ; the submarginal hne,
which is ohve-black both above and below, is distinct to R' ( = vein 4 of Herrich-
Schafifer) and is curved as in 0. s. semifervens ; the distal margin is straight
from below apex. The anal angle of the hindwing is less produced than m
subocellata and shghtly more than in semifervens.
On the underside the forewing bears blackish lunules on the disk ; the
grey marginal band is as broad as in semifervens. Distal margin of hindwing
blackish ; this narrow band indented at the veins on the proximal side.
As in semifervens the harpe without the long upper process found in suh-
ocellata ; the ventral process long and narrow (text-fig. 3), very different from
that of 0. s. semifervens.
NOVITATBS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 193
LIST OF TYPES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN THE TRING MUSEUM.
By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S.
I. SFHIITGIDAE.
1. Sphinx fasciatus Rothsch. = Herse fascialus.
Sj>hinx jascialus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 94 ( 1894) (Lifu).
This species must be very rare, as it has not been recorded again since the
Tring Museum received the 5 specimens in 1893.
Type : ?, Lifu, Loyalty Islands, received from Watkins and Doncaster.
t 2. Phlegethontius lixi Rothsch. = Herse luctifera (Walk.).
Phlegethontius lixi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 94 (1894) (Nicura Brit. N. Guinea).
MacrosUa luctifera Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mas. xxxi. p. 35 (1864) (New Guinea).
Type : $, Nicura, British New Guinea. Lix coll.
3. Acherontia styx crathis R. & J. = Acheroniia styx crathis.
Acherontia styx crathis Rothschild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 23 (1903) (Java).
Type : o, Java.
4. Coelonia brevis R. & J. = Codonia brevis.
Codonia brevis Rothschild and JoTda,n, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. '281. No. 1. figs. 1-3 (1915) (Jliarimariva).
Type : S, Miarimarivo, Madagascar, received from BI. E. le Moult.
to. Meganoton cocytioides Rothsch. = Meganoton rujesceris severiim (Misk.).
Meganoton cocytioides Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 89 (1894) (Fort Maokay).
MacrosUa severina Miskin, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, vol. viii. p. 25. No. 42 (1891) (Cape York).
Type : $, Fort Mackay, Queensland, received from Watkins and Doncaster.
(j. Meganoton hyloicoides Rothsch. = Meganoton hyloicoulcs.
Meganoton hyloicoides Rothschild, Ann. Mag Nat. Hist. (8) v. p. 5U6 (1910) (Ninay Valley).
Type : 3, Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea, November
1908 to January 1909. A. E. Pratt coll.
7. Sphinx analis Feld. = Meganoton analis.
Sphinx anaiis Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 78. f. 4 (1874) (Shanghai).
Type : J, Shanghai, ex Felder coll.
8. Poliana micra R. & J. = Poliana micra.
Poliana micra Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol, ix, Suppl. App. p. 809. No. 766. fig. 6 (1903)
{Ganale River).
Type : cj, Ganale River, SomaUland, April 13, 1901. Baron Carlo von
Erlanger coll.
13
194 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
9. Foliana natalensis ferax R. & J. = Poliana natalensis ferax.
PotiaJM natalensis ferax Rothschild & Jordan, Sov. Zool, vol. xxiii. p. 247. No. 1 (1916) (Manow).
Type : J, Manow, East Africa. Eieceived from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas.
10. Poliana leucomelas R. & J. = Poliana leucomelas.
/"oitorao Jeucomrfos Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. x.xii. p. 283. ff. 4-6. pi. 20. f. 1 (1915) (Pnom
Penh).
Type : o, Pnom Penh, Cambodia. Received from Maison H. Donckier.
fll. Meganoton distinctum Rothscb. = Leucomonia bethia (Kirby).
Meganoton distinctum Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 89. t. 7. f. 12 (1894) (North Queensland).
Diludia bethia Kirby, Trans. Entom. Soc. Land. 1877. p. 243 (Rockhampton).
Type : S, North Queensland. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
12. Meganoton lifuense Rothscb. = Psilogramma menephron Ufuense.
Meganoton lijuense Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 90. t. 7. i. 20 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : cJ, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
13. Dovania poecila R. & J. = Dovania poecila.
Dovania poecila Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 47. No. 23. pi. 6. f. 9. (1903) (District
of Dowa on Chiwere).
Type: <J, 4,500 ft., Lake Nyassa, 50 m. S.W. of Central Angoniland, Dowa
(Native name Chiwere), December 1901 — January 1902. H. A. Byatt coll.
Received from Hope Museum, Oxford.
14. EUenbeckia monospila R. & J. = Elhnbeckia mo7iospila.
EUenbeckia monospila Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 810. No. 767 (1903) (Farro
Gumbi).
Tjrpe : $, Farro Gumbi, Somaliland, April 23, 1901. Baron Carlo von
Erlanger coll.).
15. Hoplistopus penricei R. & J. = Hoplistopus penricei.
Hoplistopus penricei Rothschild & .lordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 50. No. 26. pi. xii. f. 5 (1903)
(Munyendi River).
Type : S, Munyendi River, Angola, April 1901. Penrice coll.
16. Hoplistopus butti R. & J. = Hoplistopus butti.
Hoplistopus butti Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. iy. Suppl. p. 50. No. 27. pi. v. {. 15 (1903)
(Beaufort West).
Type : S, Foot of Nieuwveld Mts., 5 miles N.W. of Beaufort West, Cape
Colony. Miss Butt coll.
This species seems not to have been found again.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1910. 195
17. Praedora marshalli R. & J. = Pmedora marshalli marshalli.
Praedora marshalli Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. vs.. Suppl. p. 51. No. 28. pi. v. f. 16 (1903)
(Umtali).
Type : cJ, Umtali, Mashonaland. G. K. Marshall coll. Received from the
British Museum.
18. Praedora marshalli tropicalis R. & J. = Praedora marshalli tropicalis.
Praedora marsluUli Iropicalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xix. p. 128. No. 1 (1912) (Uganda),
Cotype : d\ Uganda, 1904. W. L. Doggett coll.
19. Praedora leucophaea R. & J. = Praedora leucophaea.
Praedora Uttcopham Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 52. No. 30. pi. Ixvi. f. 10
(1903)(Brit. E.Africa).
Type : o, Luitpold Mts., near Ikutha, B. E. Africa. Received from Messrs.
Staudiuger ;ind Bang-Haas.
2f). Cocytius vitrinus R. & J. = Cocytivs vitrinus.
Cocytius vitrinus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 456. No. 1 ( 1910) (Santiago).
Type : ?, Santiago, Cuba. Tollin coll.
21. Cocytius mortuorum R. & J. =Cocylius mortuorum.
Cocytius mortuorum Rotlischild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 448. No. 2 (1910) (Allianca).
Type : <i, AUianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November —
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
22. Cocytius lucifer R. & J. = Cocytius lucifer.
Cocytius lucifer Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 59. No. 35 (1903) (Jalapa).
Type ; 3, Jalapa, Mexico, June 1897. Received from William Schaus.
t2y. Cocytius aifinis Rotlisch. = Cocytius duponchel (Poey).
Cocytius afjinis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 92 (1894) (Central America).
Amphonyx duponchel Poey, Cent. Lipid. Cuba text and I. 4 (1832) (Cuba).
Type : o, Costa Rica. Underwood coll. Received from Henley Grose
Smith.
124. Cocytius magniflcus Rothsch. = Amphimoea walkeri (Boisd.).
Cocytius magniflcus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 92. t. 7. f. 21 (1894) (Guiana).
Amphonyx walkeri Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lipid. Hit. i. p. 67. No. 7 (1875) (Oyapocl<).
Type: (J, Surinam. Ex Felder coll.
t25. Phlegethontius indistincta Rothsch. = Protoparce dilucida Edwards.
PhlegethorUius indistinrja Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 93 (1904) (Honduras).
Protoparce dilucida Edwards, Enlom. Amer. vol. iii. p. 89 (1887) (Vera Cruz).
Type : ,S, Honduras.
196 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XX\"I. 1919.
26. Sphinx quinquemaculatus Haw. = Protoparce quinquemaculatus quinque-
macukitus.
Sphinx quim/uemaculatiis Haworth, in Wood, Ind. ErUom. p. 216. t. 53. f. 23 ( 1839) (Chelsea, London).
Type : <J, Chelsea, Haworth Coll., ex Edwin Sheppard coll. Bought at
Stevens's Sale.
27. Protoparce mossi Jordan = ProtoTparce mossi.
Protoparce mossi, Jordan, Proc. Zool. Sac. bond. 1911. p. 34 (Lima).
Type : J, Lima, Peru, 1908. A. Miles Moss coll.
28. Protoparce leucoptera R. & J. = Protojxirce leucoptera.
Protoparce leucoptera Rothschild & Jordan, Xov. Zool. vol. is. Suppl. p. 79. pi. xi. f. 2 (1903) (Chatham
Island).
Type : ?, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago, March 14, 1901. R. H.
Beck coll.
Besides the type there are only the 2 ?? from Albemarle Island, Galapagos,
in the Tring Museum, and a few specimens collected during the Expedition to
the Galapagos Islands sent out by the California Academy of Sciences in 1905-6.
29. Protoparce lucetius nubila R. & J. = Protoparce lucetiiis nubiki.
Protoparce lucetius nubila, Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 7i. No. 41a (1903)
(Costa Rica).
Type : J, Costa Rica. Underwood coll. Received from Henley Grose
Smith.
There is some doubt as to the correctness of the locality, though all three
specimens bear the printed label as above.
30. Protoparce occulta R. & J. = Protoparce occulta.
Protoparce occulta Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 77. No. 43 (1903) (Orizaba).
Type : S, Orizaba, Mexico, 1896. Received from W. Schaus.
31. Protoparce petuniae tropicalis R. & J. = Protoparce difpssa tropicalis.
Protoparce petuniae tropical is Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 77. No. 42c (1903)
(Brit. Guiana).
Type : a, Omai, British Guiana.
By an error petuniae Boisd. was made the specific name of this species, but
diffissa (Butl.) is four years older, so the four forms must stand as follows :
Protoparce diffissa diffissa Butl.
La Plata, E. Argentina.
P. diffissa petuniae Boisd.
Southern Brazil.
P. diffissa tropicalis R. & J.
Tropical South America S. to Minas Geraes and S.E. Peru.
P. diffissa mesosa R. & J.
Salta, N.W. Argentina.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 197
32. Protoparce diffissa mesosa R. & J. = Protoparce diffissa mesosa.
Proloparce diffissa mesosa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 252. No. 8 (Salta).
Type : S, Salta, N.W. Argentina. Steinbach coll.
33. Protoparce pellenia janira Jord. = Protoparce ■pellenia janira.
Protoparce pdlenia janira Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvUi. p. 135. No. 2 (1911) (Rio de Janeiro).
Tjrpe : 3, Rio de Janeiro. E. May coll.
34. Protoparce scutata brasiliensis Jord. = Protoparce scutata brasiliensis.
Protoparce saiiala brasiliensis Jordan, Noo. Zool. vol. xviii. p.l35.No.l(1911)(Riode Janeiro loc. err. )
Type : <J, Sao Paulo.
The type is unique ; the original description states " Rio de Janeiro 2 <J(J,"
as in the case of the two other Protoparce described on the same page ; this was
a pensUp.
35. Protoparce scutata scutata R. & J. = Protoparce scutata scutata.
Protoparce scutata sctdata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. .Suppl. p. 80. No. 47 (1903) (Merida).
Type : J, Merida, Venezuela, 1,630 m. = 5,298 ft. (1896). Briceno coll.
36. Protoparce clarki R. & J. = Protoparce clarki.
Protoparce clarki Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 248. No. 3. text ff. 1, 2 (1916) (Fonte
Boa).
Type: <?, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906. S. M. Klages coll.
37. Protoparce perplexa R. & J. = Protoparce perplexa.
Protoparce perplexa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 449. No. 4 (1910) (AUianca).
Type : cJ, Allianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November —
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
38. Protoparce tucumana R. & J. = Protoparce tucumana.
Protoparce tucumana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 81. No. 48. pi. v. f. 6 (1903)
(Tucuman).
Type : 3, Tucuman. P. Girard coU.
When we described this species the type was the only specimen at Tring
we have since then received 5 (J J and 3 ?$ from Tucuman and Salta from Jose
Steinbach.
39. Protoparce andicola R. & J. = Protoparce andicola.
Protoparce andicola Rotlischild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 251. No. 6 (1916) (Tinguri).
Type : J, Tinguri, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 3,400 ft. (August 1904). G. R.
Ockenden coll.
40. Phlegethontius stuarti Rothsch. = Protoparce stnarti.
Phlegethontius stuarti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iii. p. 22. No. 2. pi. 13. t. 8 (1896) (La Paz).
Type : cJ, La Paz, Bolivia. Maxwell Stuart coll.
J98 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXV'I. 1919.
41. Phlegethontius harterti Rothsch. = Protoparce rustica harterti.
PMegethonlius harterti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 93 (1894) (Bonaire).
Type : ?, Bonaire, Dutch West Indies. Ernst Hartert coll.
\Vhen I described this form I had only the single ? type ; but there are now
in the Tring Museum 600,6 ??, and 2 adult larvae from Bonaire, St. Vmcent,
Sta Lucia, and Dominica.
42. Piotoparce rustica calapagensis ab. nigrita R. & J. = Protoparce rnstica
cakipage7isis ab. nigrita.
Protoparce rustica calapagensis ah. nigritaB,othachiid & Jordan, Nov. Zoul. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 80 (1903)
(Chatham Island).
Type : <S, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago, March 14, 1901. R. H.
Beck coll.
One or more specimens of this aberration were procured during the
Expedition to the Galapagos Islands sent out by the California Academy of
Sciences in 1905-6.
43. Protoparce fosteri R. & J. = Protoparce fosteri.
Protoparce foateri Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 178. No. 1 (1906) (Sapuoay).
Type : g, Sapucay, Paraguay, January 22, 1905. W. Foster coll.
This species has remained unique, no second specimen having been recorded.
44. Protoparce trimacula R. & J . = Protoparce trimacttla.
Protoparce trimacula Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 8(i. No. .'55. pi. 5. i. 7 (19U3)
(Rio Dagua).
Type : S, Rio Dagua, Columbia. W. Rosenberg coll.
Since we described this species in 1903, we have received 1 S from Maceo,
E. Ecuador, and 'i ^^ and I ? from La Oroya and Sto Domingo, S.E. Peru.
The $ was unrecorded.
45. Protoparce dalica anthina Jord. = Protoparce dalica anthina.
Protoparce dalica anthina Jordan. Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 135. No. 3 (1911) (Rio de Janeiro).
Type : ^, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. May coll.
The Tring Museum has lately received 1 ,S, 1 ?, of this form from Sta
Catharina ; the $ was unrecorded.
46. Protoparce sesquiplex opima R. & J. = Protoparce sesquiplex opinia.
Protoparce sesquiplex opima Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 251. No. 7 (1916) (Tiiis).
Type : cJ, Tuis, Costa Rica. Received from Mr. Lathy.
47. Protoparce muscosa R. & J. = Protoparce muscosa.
Protoparce mitscosa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 91. No. Wl. pi. xi. f. 1 (1903)
(Cenemerara).
Type : ?, Cenemerara (Cuernavaca), Mexico, June 1900.
The Tring Museum has received 9 iS, 1 ? since 1903 from various parts of
Mexico and Costa Rica.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919. 199
48. Protoparce bergi R. & J. = Protoparce bergi.
Protoparce berfi Rothachiid & JoTda,D., Nou. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 94. No. 66. pi. v. f. 8 (1903)
(Tucuman).
Type : <?, Tucuman, N.W. Argentina. P. Girard coll.
Since we described this conspicuous species the series in the Tring Museum
has been increased by 39 cJo, 13 ??, 1 adult larva, and 1 pupa, from Tucuman,
Salta, and La Rioja, from Jose Steinbach and DineUi.
49. Protoparce armatipes R. & J. = Protoparce armatipes.
Protoparce armatipes Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 252. No. 9 (1916) (Tucuman).
Type : ,J, Tucuman. Jose Steinbach coU.
In addition to 4 out of the 5 recorded specimens, there is in the Tring Museum
a (J specimen of this species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which is larger
than the N.W. Argentine specimens. We also have an adult larva from
Tucuman.
50. Chlaenogramma undata undata R. & J. = Chalenogramma undata undaia.
CJilaenogramma undata undata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 97. No. 68a. pi. xi.
f. 6 (1903) (Costa Rica).
Type : S, Costa Rica. Underwood coll.
There is some doubt as to the correctness of the locality.
61. Chlaenogramma undata cinerea R. & J. = Chlaenogramma undata cinerea.
Chlaenogramma undata cinerea Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 97. No. 686. pi. x
f. 7 (1903) (Cordoba).
Type : ?, Cordoba, Argentina. Received from Professor Carlos Berg.
Since describing this form we have received 2 JiJ from Rioja and Salta, from
Giacomelli & Jose Steinbach.
52. Euiyglottis albostigmata basalis R. & J. = Euryglottis albostigmata hasalis.
uryglMis albostigmata hasalia Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 78. No. 2 (1906) (Santo
Domingo).
Type : ?, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6,000 ft. (March 1901). G. R. Ockenden
coll.
53. Euryglottis dognini Rothsch. = Euryglottis dognini.
Euryglottis dognini Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iii. p. 325. No. U (1896) (Loja).
Type : cj, Loja, Ecuador, 1888. Received from Monsieur P. Dognin.
Since our monograph was written in 1903 the Tring Museum has received
12 (J(J, 1 ? of this species from Maceo, Ecuador, S.E. Peru, and Central Peru,
from E. Boettger and G. R. Ockenden.
200 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
54. Euryglottis aper guttiventris R. & J. = Euryglottis guitiventris.
Euryglottis aper guitiventris Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 99. No. 12h (1903)
(Rio Songo).
Type : (J, Rio Songo, Bolivia. Garlepp coll.
Since describing this form the Tring Museum has received 19 SS, 4 $9 of
this insect from Peru, Columbia, and Ecuador, collected by G. R. Ockenden and
Lehmann, and as it is thus found side by side with wper it proves to be a distinct
species. The ? was not recorded.
55. Pseudodolbina aequalis R. & J. = Pseudodolbina aequalis.
Paeiidodolbina aequalis Rothschild & Jordan. Nov. Zoul. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 101. No. 74 (1903) (Khasia
Hills).
Type : ^, Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1894. Native coll. Received from
Watkins and Doncaster.
The Tring Museum has lately received a damaged $ without locality, w hich
is the first recorded 9.
t56. Pseudodolbina veloxina Rothsch. = Pseudodolbina fo (Walk.).
Pseudodolbina veloxifta Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 91. t. 6. f. 18 (1894) (Khasia Hills).
Zonilia fo Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 195. No. 6 (1856) (N. India).
Type : ?, Khasia Hills. Native coll. Received from Watkins and Don-
caster.
fST. Sphinx cossoides Rothsch. = Neogeiie reevi (Druce).
Sphinx cossoides Rothschild, Nup. Zool. vol. i. p. 94. pi. 7. f. 22 (1894) (Castro Parana).
Hyloicus reevi Druce, Entom. Mo. Mag, 1882. p. 18 (Paraguay).
Type : (J, Castro, Parana, Brazil.
58. Sphinx arthuri Rothsch. = Sphinx arthuri.
Sphint arthuri Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iv. p. 307. No. 1. 1. 7. f. 1 (1897) (La P.xz).
Type : S, La Paz, Bolivia. Arthur Maxwell Stuart coll.
The type has remained unique.
59. Hyloicus aurigutta R. & J. = Sphinx auriguUa.
Hyloicus auriguUa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 120. No. 91. pi. xi. f. 4 (1903).
Type : o, Chanchamayo, Peru. Thamm coll. Received from Messrs.
Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 4 (Jo, 3 ?? of this species from
Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, from E. Boettger.
(50. Hyloicus geminus R. & J. = Sphinx geminus.
Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 123. No. 95. ]
Type : ?, Jalapa, Mexico, July 1897. Received from W. Schaus.
Hyloicus geminus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 123. No. 95. pi. xi. f. 3 (1903)
(Jalapa).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. lOlf).
201
61. Sphinx separatus melaena R. & J. = Sphinx separatus melaena.
Sphinx separatus mdaena Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 253. No. U (1916) (Guerrero
MUl).
Type : 6, Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico, 9,000 ft. Mann and Skewes coll.
Received from R. Preston Clark.
C2. Hyloicus istar R. & J. = Sphinx istar.
Hyloicus istar Rothschild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. .Suppl. p. 126. No. 99. pi. xii. {. 2 (1903)
(Mexico).
Type : ?, Mexico.
The Tring Museum ha.s, since 1903, received 5 33,\ ? from Ciudad de Guate-
mala, Cuernavaca, Mexico, and Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico, from Rodriguez.
Dr. Gadow, and Mann and Skewes per R. Preston Clark.
63. Hyloicus praelongus R. & J. = Sphinx pi-aelongus.
Hyloicus praelongus Rothschild & Jordan. Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 126. No. 100. pi. xii. f. 1
(1903) (Rosery Mine).
Type : cj, Rosery Mine, Spanish Honduras, 3,000 to 4,000 ft.
64. Sphinx lanceolata Feld. = Sphinx lanceolata.
Sphinx lanceolata Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 78. f. 3 (1874) (Mexico).
Type : ?, Mexico. Ex Felder coll.
The Tring Museum possesses now 12 o^, 5 ?$ of this conspicuous species ;
one ? is very deep coloured and dusky.
65. Hyloicus chersis mexicanus R. & J. = Sphinx cher.ns mexicanus.
Hyloicus chersis mexicanus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 129. No. 102a. pi. xiii.
£. 5 (1903) (Mexico).
Type : (J, Mexico.
66. Hyloicus chersis pallescens R. & J. = Sphinx chersis pallescens.
Hyloicus chersis pallescens Rothschild & Jordan. Noo. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 129. No. 1026 (1903)
(Prescott).
Type: cj, Prescott, Arizona, June 25, 1898. Dr. Kunze coll.
67. Hyloicus perelegans H. Edw. f. asellus R. & J. = Sphinx perelegans H. Edw.
f . asellus.
H. perelegans f. asellus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 133. No. 105fi. pi. xiii. f. 2
(1903) (Colorado).
Type : ,1, Durango, Colorado, July 1, 1899. Oslar coll.
68. Hyloicus gordius oslari R. & J. = Sphinx gordixis oslari.
Hyloicus gordius oslari Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 136. No. 109o (1903)
(Colorado).
Type : <J, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 19, 1901. Oslar coll.
On the type label the name is erroneously written H. luscitiosa oslari.
202 NOVITATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919.
69. Hyloicus pinastri morio R. & J. = Sphinx piriustri morio.
Hyloictcs pinastri morio Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 147. No. 116(/. pi. xiii.
f. 9 (1903) (Japan).
Type : S, Japan.
This insect has remained unique at Trmg up to the present ; but I am not
sure whether others have not found their way into various txtra-European
collections.
70. Hyloicus caligineus sinicus R. & J. = Sphinx cnligineus siniciis.
Hyloicus caligineus sinicus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 149. No. 1176. pi. xii.
f. 7 (1903) (Zoo4).
Cotype : ?, Shanghai, China. Received from Mons. TAbbe de Joannis.
71. Hyloicus oberthueri R. & J. = Sphinx oberthueri.
Hyloicus oberthueri RothsohUd & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 149. No. 118. pi. xiii. f. 10
(1903) (Ts6-kou).
Type : o, Tse-kou, China, 1895. R. P. Dubernard coll. Received from
Mr. Charles Oberthiir.
According to the practice followed by the Commission on Nomenclature,
ligustri Linn, is the type of Sphinx, and therefore the genus called in our mono-
graph Hyloicus must stand as Sphinx, and the genus we called Sphinx, taking
ocelkila Linn, as type, must have another name.
t72. Hopliocnema melanoleuca R. & J. = Hopliocnema brachycera (Lower).
Hopliocnema melanoleuca Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 158. No. 126. pi. xii. f. 6
(1903) (Roebourne).
Coamotriche? brachycera Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. vol. xxi. p. 50 (1897) (Broken Hill).
Type : o, Roebourne, West Australia.
73. Sphinx marmorata Lucas = Synoecha marmorata (Lucas).
Sphinx marmorata Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales (2) vi. p. 278 (1891) (Coomooboolaroo).
Type : ?, Coomooboolaroo, Duaringa, Dawson River, December 27, 1884.
Ex Barnard collection, per A. S. Meek.
74. Dolbina elegans Bang-Haas = Dolbina elegans.
Ddbina elegans Bang-Haas, Iris. xxvi. 1912. p. 229 (1913) (Lskenderun).
Cotype : o, Akbes, Syria. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas.
75. Kentrochrysalis consimilis R. & J. = Kentrochrysalis consimilis.
Kentrochrysalis consimilis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. i\. Suppl. p. 104. No. 132 (1903)
(Chinzengi).
Cotype: o, Chinzengi, Japan, August 1881. Lewis coll. Received from
British Museum.
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXVI. 1919. 203
The following 3 types have been missed out of their proper sequence.
76. Poliana marmorata Fawcett = Poliana buchholzi wintgensi (Strand).
Poliana marmorata Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 191.5. p. lO.j. No. 8.5. pi. 2. f. 22 (Masongaleni
Brit. E. Africa).
JahoTibia wintgensi Strand, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. liv. p. 228 (1910) (German East Africa).
Type : J, Masongaleni, British East Africa, January 23, 1911. W. Feather
coll.
77. Oovania circe Fawcett = Callosphingia circe.
Domnia circe Fa.vroett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. {IQ15) p. 106. pi. 1. tig. 1 (Kedai).
Cotype : ?, Kedai, British East Africa, No. 25, 1911. W. Feather coll.
78. Sphinx cluentius Cram. = Cocytius daentius.
Sphinx cluerUius Cra-meT, Pap. Exot. vol. i. fasc. vii. p. 124. pi. 78. f. B. (1775) (West Indies).
Cotype : <?, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lenep, ex coll. Felder.
The insects forming the collection of Van Lenep, who was a contemporary
of Cramer, were all at the latter's disposal during the progress of his work, and
many of the species in the " PapiUons Exotiques " were described and figured
from this collection. This is not the case with this species, but it can quite
correctly be classed as a cotype, for it was before Cramer at the time of writing.
79. Protambulyx euryalus R. & J. = Protambulyx euryalus.
Protambidyx euryalus Rothschild & .Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 1715. No. 136. pla. i. f. 3 and
l.vvii. f. 9(1903) (Merida).
Type : S, Merida, Venezuela. Briceno coll.
Since 1903 the Tring Museum has received 16 cJ(J, 8 ?? of this species from
Santo Domingo and Tinguri,Carabaya,and La Oroya, Inambari, S.E. Peru, Macas
E. Ecuador, and Jungas de Coroico, Bolivia, from G. R. Ockenden and Gustav
Garlepp.
80. Protambulyx ockendeni R. & J. = Protambulyx ockendeni.
Protambulyx ockendeni Rothschild & .Jordan, Noi'. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 176. No. 137. pi. Ixvii.
ff. 7, 8 (1903) (Santo Domingo).
Type : (J, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6,000 ft., June 1901. G. R.
Ockenden coll.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 5 (J (J, 4 9? from Sto Domingo,
Oconeque, Carabaya, and Huayabamba River, Chachapoyas, Peru, from G. R.
Ockenden and O. T. Baron. The ? was unrecorded.
81. Protambulyx xanthus R. & J. = Protamhiilyx xantlms.
Protambulyx xanthus Rothschild &. Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 179. No. 3 (1906) (Tuis).
Type : (J, Tuis, Costa Rica. Received through Mr. Percy Lathy.
The Tring Museum has since received 1 cJ, 1 ? from Tuis and Limon, Costa
Rica, from Mr. William Schaus. The 9 is unrecorded.
204 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
82. Ambulyx eurycles ab. sulphurea Rothsch. = Protambulyx svlphurea.
Ambvlyx eurycles ab. sulphurea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 542 (1894) (Aroa).
Type : o, Aroa, Venezuela. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
83. Protambulyx carteri R. & J. = Protambulyx carteri.
Protambulyx carteri Rothschild & Jordan, Xov. Zool. vol. ix. Siippl. p. 180. No. 142. pis. Isvi. {. 3
and Ixvii. f. 12 (1903) (Bahamas).
Type : (J, Nassau, Bahamas. Sir Gilbert Carter coll.
In addition to the 2 S3 recorded there are 3 S<i in the British Museum.
84. Amplypterus gannascus cubanus R. & J. = Ainplypterus gannascus cuhaniis.
Amplypterus gannascus cubanus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xv. p. 259. No. 1 (Santiago,
Cuba).
Type : S, Santiago, Cuba. ToUin coll.
Since 1908 we have received a second ^J from Mr. W. F. Rosenberg,
collected by Mr. WilUam Schaus.
85. Amplypterus ypsilon R. & J. = Amplypterus ypsilon.
Amplypterus ypsilon Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 182. No. 144 (1903) (Costa
Rica).
Type : <J, Costa Rica. Underwood coll. Received from Henley Grose
Smith.
Since 1903 the series at Trmg has been increased by 13 <Jc?, 4 $?, from
Misantla, Vera Cruz; Siyo, Juan Vinas, Sixola, Carre Blanca, and Tuis,
Costa Rica ; Potaro, Tumatumari, and Georgetown, British Guiana ; received
from Mr. WiUiam Schaus, Mr. Percy Lathy, S. M. Klages, Mr. Lankester, and
the Rev. Mr. Whitford, and E. Gugelmann.
86. Ambulyx eurysthenes Feld. = Amplypterus eurysthenes.
Ambulyx eurysthenes Felder, Eeise Novara Lepid. t. 77. f. 5 (1874) (Columbia).
Type : ?, Columbia, ex coll. Felder.
At present there are in the Tring Museum 3 33 and 3 ?? of this species ; of
these 2 33, I <^ have been acquired since 1903, viz. 1 <J, 1 ? from TheresopoUs,
and 1 3 from Blumenau, Sta Catharina, from J. MichaeUs, per H. Fruhstorfer.
t87. Ambulyx schausi Rothsch. = Amplypterus eurysthenes (Feld.).
Ambulyx schausi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 87 (1894) (Petropolis).
Type : 3, Petropohs, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. W. Schaus coll.
ss. Ambulyx tigrina Feld. = Amplypterus tigrina.
Ambulyx tigrina Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 77. f. 4 (1874) (Venezuela).
Type : 3, Venezuela, ex coll. Felder.
The Tring Museum has acquired, since 1903, 13 33, 8 ?? of this species
from Santo Domingo and Tinguri, Carabaya, and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, and
Huancaboya, Cerro de Pasco, Peru ; and Zamora, Ecuador, from G. R. Ockenden
0. T. Baron, and E. Boettger.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 205
89. Amplypterus donysa dariensis R. & J. = Amplyjderus donysa dariensis.
Amplypterm donysa dariensis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 253. No. 13 (1916) (Sitio).
Type : tj, Sitio, Costa Rica, June. W. Schaus coll.
90. Compsogene panopus celebensis R. & J. = Compsogene panopus cekbensis.
Compsogene pinopiis cdebensi.s Rothschild &, Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 179. No. 4 (1906)
(Tondano).
Type : 3, Tondano, North Celebes. Received from H. Fruhstorfer.
91. Batocnema coquereli comorana R. & J. = Batocnema coqiiereli comorana.
Batocnema coquereli comorana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 191. No. 1536
(1903) (Gt. Comoro Island).
Type : S, Grande Comoro, Comoro Islands. Received from Mons. Rene
Oberthur.
We have received 1 ?, Grande Comoro, July 1911, from G. F. Leigh. The
? of this form is unrecorded ; it shows the same differences from $ c. coquereli
as the <J(J do.
92. Oxyambulyx bima R. & J. = Oxyamhidyx hima.
Oxyamhvlyx bima Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 197. No. 158. pi. ix. £. 1 (1903)
(Bima).
T3rpe : ?, Bima, Sambawa, February 1896. W. Doherty coll.
This has remained unique, no other specimen having been recorded.
93. Oxyambulyx substrigilis tattina Jord. = Oxyambulyx subslrigilis iatlina.
Oxyambulyx suhstrigilis tattina Joida,a, Nov. Zool. vol. xxvi. p. 192. (1919) (Battak Mts.).
Type : <?, Battak Mts., N.E. Sumatra. Dr. Martin coll.
94. Oxyambuljnc substrigilis wilemani R. & J. = Oxyambulyx substrigilis wilemani.
Oxyambulyx substrigilis wilemani Rothschild &. Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 254. No. 14 (1916)
(Manila) .
Type : S, Manila Philippine Islands, September 9, 1912. A. E. Wileman coll.
95. Oxyambulyx phalaris phalaris Jord. = Oxyambulyx phalaris pJuilaris.
Oxyambulyx phalaris phalaris Jordan, in Seitz, Grossschm. Erie, vol. x. pi. 61. e (1916) (Ninay
VaUey).
Type : S, Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea, November
1908 — January 1909. A. E. Pratt coll. Received from W. F. Rosenberg.
There are in the Tring Museum 3 J.J, 6 ?? of this subspecies from Nmay
Valley, Upper Setekwa River, and Nr. Oetakwa River, Dutch New Guinea ; and
Biagi, Mambare River and Milne Bay, British New Guinea, collected by A. E.
Pratt and A. S. Meek.
96. Oxyambulyx phalaris carycina Jord. = Oxyambulyx phalaris carycina.
Oxyambulyx phalaris carycina Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxvi. p. 191. (1919) (Rook Island).
Type : ?, Rook Island, Papuan Islands, July 1913. A. S. Meek coll.
206 I NOVITATES ZoOLOr.ICAE XXVI. I'JIfl.
97. Oxyambulyx meeki R. & J. = Oxymnbiilyx meeki meeki.
Oxyambulyx meeki Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. Lx. Suppl. p. 204. No. 1G6. pi. i. f. 2 (1903)
(Isabel Island).
Type : S, Isabel Island, Solomon Island.s, June 1 — July 9, 1901. A. S.
Meek coll.
9s. Oxyambulyx meeki pyrrhina Jord. = Oxyambulyx meeki pyrrhina.
Oxyatnhuli/x meeki pyrrhina .Jordan, in Seitz Grosaschm. Erde vol. x. (1915) (Choiseul Island).
Type : ?, South side of Choiseul Island, January 1904. A. S. Meek coll.
99. Ambulyx japonica Rothsch. = Oxyambulyx ja-ponica.
Ambulyx japonica Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 87 (1894) (Kiushiu).
Type : 3, Kiushiu, Japan. Received from Heine.
IOt». Ambulyx subocellata Feld. = Oxyambulyx subocellata.
Ambulyx sitbocellaia Felder, lieise Novara Lcpid. t. 76. f. 3 (1874) (Java).
Type : ?, Java, ex coll. Felder.
101. Oxyambulyx semifervens celebensis Jord. = Oxyambulyx semifcrvens
celebensis.
Oxyamhtihjx semijervctu celebeimi/s Jord in, .Vol). Zool. vol. xxvi. ]i, 192, (1919) (Maros).
Type : J. Maros, South Celebes, July 20, 1906. Dr. Martin coll.
102. Ambulyx dohertyi Rothsch. = Oxyumbnlyx dohertyi dohertyi.
Ambulyx dohertyi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 87 (1894) (Humboldt Bay).
Type : S, Humboldt Bay, N.E. Dutch New Guinea, September — October
1892. W. Doherty coll.
Smcc 19U3 the series at Tring has increased by 38 ocJ, 15 ?$ from Little Key ;
Oetakwa River, Ninay Valley, Upper Setekwa River, Kumusi River, Biagi,
Mambare River, Upper Aroa River, and Mount Kebea, New Guinea ; Fcrgusson
and Goodenough Islands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands ; and Rook Island, from
Heinrich Kiihn, A. S. Meek, and A. E. Pratt.
10.'!. Oxyambulyx meeki salomonis R. & J. = Oxyambulyx meeki saUmwnis.
Oxyambulyx meeki sah'monis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 209. No. 171 h (1903)
(Guadalcanar).
Type : 3, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, March 1901. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring Museum has leceived 2 So, ' 9, since 1903, from Arawa, Bougain-
ville, and Tulagi, Solomon Islands, from A. S. Meek and Charles M. Woodford.
tl04. Clanis gigantea Rothsch. = Clanis undulosa (Moore).
Clanis gigamXea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 96 (1894) (partim o, ? alia spec, Khasia Hills).
Clanis undulosa Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1879. p. 387 (N. China).
Type : o*, Khasia HiUs, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
The series at Tring has been increased since 1903 by 7 So, 5 ??, from N.
India ; Jaintia and Khasia Hills, Assam; and Chang Yang, West China, from
Swinhoe, Watkins and Doncaster, and A. E. Pratt.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 207
105. Clanis stenosema R. & J. = Clanis slenosema.
Clanis slenosema Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 92. No. 1 (1907) (Kalim Bungo, Nias).
Type : ? Kalim Bungo, Island of Nias, January — April 1896. R. Mitschke
coll.
106. Clanis euroa R. & J. = Ckmis eiiroa.
Clanis euroa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 216. No. 178 (1903) (Oinainisa).
Type : (J, Oinainisa, Island of Timor (Dutch), November — December 1891.
W. Doherty coll.
107. Clanis titan R. & J. = Clanis titan.
Clanis titan Rothschild & Jordan, Noo. Zool. vol. ix. .Suppl. p. 218. No. 180 (1903) (Khasia Hills).
Type : cJ, Khasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
lOS. Pseudoclanis grandidieri comorana R. & J. = Pseudoclanis grandidieri
comorana.
Pseudoclanis gmndidieri comorana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 254. No. 15 (1916)
(Comoro Islands).
Type : S Grande Comoro, Comoro Islands, 1894. L. Humblot coll.
Received from Mr. Charles Oberthiir.
109. Pseudoclanis postica occidentalis R. & J. = Pseudoclanis postica occidentalis.
Pseudoclanis postica occidentalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix; p. 222. No. 183 c (1903)
(Sierra Leone).
Type : S, Sierra Leone.
The series in the Tring Museum, since 1903, has been increased by 9 o j , 2 ??,
from Sierra Leone ; Abossi and Prestea, Gold Coast ; Lagos, Ogrugu, and Wassau,
Niger ; from Dr. J. Wilson and others.
110. Platysphinx phyllis R. & J. = Platysphinx phyllis.
Platysphinx phyllis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 226. No. 187. pi. 1. f. 1 (1903)
(Konakry Island).
Type : ?, Konakry Island, Los Islands. This has remained unique, as no
further specimens are recorded.
111. Leptoclanis pulchra R. & J. = Leptoclanis pulchra.
Leptodanis puichra Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 228. No. 189. pi. Ixvi. f. 9
(1903) (SaUsbury).
Type : <?, Salisbury, Mashonaland, S. Africa, December 1900. G. K. Marshall
coU.
Since 1903 2 (J (J have been added to the Trmg series from Bihe, Angola, and
Lilongwe, Angoniland, from Edw. Sanders and Andrews.
112. Leucophlebia afra edentata R. & J. = Leucophlebia afra edentata.
LeucopMebia afra edeniata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 254. No. 16 a. text ff. 5, 6
(1916) (Gambaga).
Type : S, Gambaga, Gold Coast. Dr. Bury coU.
208 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. lOlfl
113. Leucophlebia afra rosulenta R. & J. — Leumphlebia ufra rosiilenia.
Leucophlebiaajra rosiderUa Rothschild & Jordan, Nav. Zod. vol. xxiii. p. 256. No. 16 c ( 1010) (Mohoro) ;
Tj'pe : S, Mohoro, German Eat^t Africa, May 1902.
114. Leucophlebia neumanni R. & J. = Leucophlebia neumanni.
Leticophlebia neumanni Rothschild & Jordan, Xov. Zool. vol. ix. p. 598. No. 11 (I9U2) (Gelo River).
Type : ?, Gelo River, Akobo River, Abyssinia, May 1901. Oscar Neumann
coll.
We have received a third ? of this species from the Bhie Nile, collected by
Mr. Gorringe ; it is sUghtly smaller and also duUer in colour than Oscar Neumann's
2 ??.
115. Polyptychus draconis R. & J. = Polyptychits draconis.
Pdyptychris draconis Rothschild & Jordan.iVoi). ZooZ. vol.xxiii.p. 115. No. l.textf. 1 (1916)(Thibet
probably West China ';).
Type : J, " Tliibet " (West China I). Received from Mens. E. Le Moult.
11(3. Polyptychus trilineatus luteatus R. & J. = Polyptychus trilineatus luteahis.
Polypli/chiis trilinealus luteatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 237. No. 195(7
(1903) (Ceylon).
Type : <J, Ceylon.
117. Polyptychus trilineatus undatus R. & J. = Polyptychus trilineatus undatus.
Polyplychm Irilineatug undatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 238. No. 195 c
(1903) (Khaaia Hills).
Type : S, KJiasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
tj (J(J, 1 ? have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from Lakinpoor
and KLhasia Hills, Assam ; Monypo ; Andaman Islands ; and Sumatra ; from the
Elwes collection and Monsieur Le Moult.
118. Polyptychus trilineatus chinensis R. & J. = Poly pttjchus trilineatus chinensis.
Polyptychus trilineatus chinensis Rothschild & Jordan, A'oo. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 239. No. 195 (i
(1903) (China).
Type : ?, China.
119. Polyptychus orthographus R. & J. = Polyptychus orthographus.
Polyptychus orthographus Rothschild & Jordan, A'ov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 244. No. 201. pi. i. t. 9
(1903) (Bopoto).
Type : i, Bopoto, Upper Congo. Rev. Kenred Smith coll.
Since 1903 the Tring series has been increased by 6 (J (J from BingerviUe,
Ivory Coast ; Prestea, Gold Coast ; Bopoto, Congo ; Sierra Leone ; and Ilesha,
South Nigeria, from G. Melon, Rev. Kenred Smith, Major Bambridge, and Captain
Humfrey.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 209
120. Polyptychus murinus Rothsch. = Polyptychus murimis.
Polyptychus miirinus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 435. No. 1 (1904) (Kassai River).
Type : ?, Kassai River, Congo Free State.
Since 1904 we have received 6 <J<J from Upper Congo ; and Wassaw and
Abossi, Gold Coast, from Watkins and Doncaster, and Dr. J. J. Wilson.
121. Polyptychus retusus R. & J. = Polyptychus retusus.
Polyptychus retiisus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zod. vol. xv. p. 259. No. 3 (1908) (Sierra Leone).
Type : d, Sierra Leone. Major Bainbridge coU.
One additional (J has been received from Abouasi, Gold Coast.
122. Polyptychus falcatus R. & J. = Polyptychus falcatus.
Polyptychus falcatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 247. No. 207. pi. x. f. 12
(1903) (Salisbury).
Type : ?, Salisbury, Mashonaland, S. Africa.
We have since received 1 <S from Nyassaland, from Messrs. Staudinger and
Bang-Haas.
123. Polyptychus anochus R. & J. =Polyptythus anochus.
Polyptychus anochus Rothschild & .Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 179. No. 5 (1906) (Sierra Leone).
Type : S, Sierra Leone.
124. Polyptychus consimilis ancylus R. & J. = Polyptychus consimilis ancylus.
Polyptychus consimilis ancylus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. ZooL vol. xxiii. p. 258. No. 19 b, text S. 10
11 (1916) (Gambaga).
Type : cJ, Gambaga, Gold Coast. Dr. Bury coll.
125. Polyptychus consimilis prionites R. & J. = Polyptychus consimilis prionites.
Polyptychus consimilis prionites Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zod. vol. xxiii. p. 258. No. 19 c. test (. 12
(1916) (Upper Chari River).
Type : (J, Upper Chari River, Lake Chad.
126. Polyptychus coryndoni R. & J. = Polyptychus coryndoni.
Polyptychus coryndoni Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 251. No. 213. pi. ii. f. 7
(1903) (Gowlu-pan, E. Africa).
Type : (J, Gowlu-pan, between Lialui and Kazungula, Upper Zambesi, East
Africa, March 1898. Coryndon coU.
We have received, since 1903, 1 (J, 1 ? of this species from Pemba Island and
Bihe, Angola, from E. Morland and E. Sanders.
127. Polyptychus calcareus R. & J. = Polyptychus calcareus.
Polyptychus caXcarais RothsohUd & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 92. No. 2 (1907) (Masai).
Type : <J, Masai, German East Africa.
We have since received a ° from Mlanje, Nyassaland, from Watkins and
Doncaster, and have seen several other specimens, from which we have come to
the conclusion that nmvi Hampson and martha Gloss are synonyms of calcareusi,
U
210 NoviTATEs Zoological XXVI. 1919.
128. Polyptychus baxteii R. & J. = Polyplychus baxteri.
Polyptychus baxteri Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xv. p. 259. No. 2 (1908) (Mpapwa).
Type : S, Mpapwa, German East Africa. Dr. Baxter coll.
The Tring Museum has since received 1 S from Mamboia, German E. Africa,
also from Dr. Baxter.
129. Polyptychus amabilis Jord. = Polyptychus amabilis.
Polyplychus amabilis Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 135. No. 4 (1911) (Belgian Congo).
Type : cJ, Belgian Congo.
130. Polyptychus erlangeri R. & J. = Polyptychus erlangeri.
Polypi ychus erlangeri Rothschild & Jordan, A'oo. Zoo/, vol. ix. Suppl. p. 810. No. 768(1903) (Dahele).
Type : (J, Dahele, Abyssinian Somaliland, April 25, 1901. Carlo von
Erlanger coll.
131. Polyptychus fulgurans R. & J. = PolyptycMis fulgurans.
Polyptychus ftdgurans Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 254. No. 217. pi. ii. 1. 14
(1903)(Kiokwe).
Type : cJ, Kiokvve, British East Africa, 1894.
132. Polyptychus numosae hesperus R. & J. = Polyplychus numosae hcsperus.
Polyptychus nximosae hesperus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 260. No. 24 o (1916)
(Tsumeb).
Type : <?, Tsumeb, S.W. Africa.
133. Polyptychus contraria difiusus R. & J. = Polyplychus contraria diftusus.
Polyptychus cotitraria diffusm Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zod. vol. xvii. p. 456. No. 2 (Shinda).
Type : tj, Shinda, Eritraea. Received from Messrs. Staudingcr and
Bang-Haas.
134. Polyptychus nigriplaga R. & J. = Polyptychus nigriplaga.
Polyptychus nigriplaga Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 259. pi. v. f. 4 (1903)
(Camaroons).
Type : (J, Lolodorf, South Camaroons. L. Conradt coll. Received from
the Berlin Museum.
135. Polyptychus hollandi R. & J. = Polyptychus hollandi.
Polyptychus hollandi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 261. No. 224. pi. v. {. 3 (1907)
(Warn).
Type : <?, Warri, Niger, June 1897. Dr. Roth coll.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 4 cJcJ, 1 ? of this species from
Warri, Degama and Akassa to Onitsha, Niger ; W. Africa ; and Sekondi, Gold
Coast, from Dr. Roth, N. T. Hamlyn, and Dr. Cook.
NOVITATES ZOOEOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 211
136. Clanis bicolor Rothsch. = Libyoclanis bicolor.
Clanis 6»"«rfor Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 96 (190-t) {?).
Type : ?, hab. ?.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 5 cJ<J from various places on the
Gold Coast, from Dr. J. J. Wilson and others.
137. Libyoclanis major R. & J. = Libyoclanis major.
lAbyodanis major Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 284. No. 3 (1915) (Sierra Leone).
Cotype (Paratype) : ?, Sierra Leone.
138. Libyoclanis baiabridgei R. & J. = Libyoclanis bainbridgci.
LAyodanisbainbridgei Rothschild &, Jovdan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii.p. 180. No. 6(1906) (Sierra Leone).
Type : ?, Sierra Leone. Major Bainbridge coll.
139. Libyoclanis vicina R. & J. = Libyoclanis vicina.
Libyoclanis vicina- Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 285. No. i (1915) (Croaa River).
Type : <J, Cross River, Lower Niger. F. C. Martell coll.
140. Typhosia illustris R. «& J. = Typhosia illustris.
Typhosia illuMris Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 407. No. 2 (1906) (Abuassi).
Cotype (Paratype) : (J, Obuassi, Ashanti, Gold Coast, 1905 (G. E. Bergmann).
Received from the British Museum.
141. Likoma apicalis R. & J. = Likoma apicalis.
Lihoma apicalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 265. No. 229. pi. v. f. 5 (1903)
(Likoma).
Type : J, Likoma, Lake Nyassa, March 24, 1896. Rev. Button coll.
142. Likoma crenata R. & J. = Likoma crenata.
Likoma crenata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 93. No. 3 (1907) (Megana).
Type : J, Megana, British East Africa, August 6, 1896. C. S. Betton coll.
143. Marumba spectabilis malayana R. & J. = Marumba spectabilis malayana.
Marumha spectabilis malayana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 274. No. 232 b
(1903)(Benkoelen).
Type : S, Benkoelen, W. Sumatra. Ericsson coU. '
This has remained unique, no further specimens being on record.
144. Marumba juvencus R. & J. = Marumba juvencus.
Marumba juvencus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xis. p. 132. No. 5. text f. 6 (1912) (Malay
Peninsula).
Type : 3, Malay States, Malay Peninsula. Received from Messrs. Staudinger
?.pd Bang- Haas.
212 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
145. Marumba amboinicus celebensis R. & J. = Marumba amboinicus celebensis.
Manunba amboinicus cdebensis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zuol. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 277. No. 234 b
(1903) (Tawaya).
Type : ?, Tawaya, North of Pales Bay, North Celebes, August— September
1896. W. Doherty coll.
We have received 1 <J from North Celebes, from Messrs. O. E. Janson and Son,
since 1903.
146. Smerinthus amboinicus Feld. = Marumba amboinicus amboinicus.
Smerinlhus amboinicus Felder, Sitzber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xliii. p. 29. No. 33 (1682) (Amboina).
Type : ?, Amboina, ex coll. Felder.
147. Marumba timora timora R. & J. = Marumba timora timora.
Marumba timora timora Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 278. No. 235 o (1903)
(Oinanisa).
Type : <i, Oinanisa, Dutch Timor, November— December 1 S91 . W. Doherty
coll.
148. Marumba timora laotensis R. & J. = Marumba timora laoiensis.
Marumba timora laotensis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 278. No. 235 6 (1903)
(Larat).
Type : S, Larat, Timor Laut ( = Tenimber Islands), April— May 1901. H.
Kiihn coll.
This is still unique.
149. Poliodes roseicornis R. & J. = Poliodes roseicornis.
Poliodes roseicornis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. ZoiA. vol. ix. Supjil. p. 285. No. 242. pi. i. f. 7 (1903)
(Western side of Luitpold Mts.).
Type : <?, Western side of Luitpold Mts., nr. Ikutha, British East Africa.
Since 1903 the series at Tring has been augmented by 6 o o, 1 ? from Kedai,
British East Africa, from Mr. W. Feather.
150. Ceridia mira R. & J. = Ceridia mira.
Ceridia mira Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. Lx. Suppl. p. 287. No. 243. pi. ix. f . 12 ( 1 903) (Western
side of Luitpold Mts.).
Type : 3, Western side of Luitpold Mts., nr. Ikutha, British East Africa.
One $ from Kedai, British East Africa, from Mr. W. Feather, has been added
to the series at Trmg.
151. Smerinthus henglini Feld. = Ceridia heuglini.
Smerinthus heuglini Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 78. f. 2 (1874) (Abyssinia).
Type : o, Abyssinia (HeugUn coU.), ex coll. Felder.
1 $ from Raga, Bahr-el-Ghazal, from Dr. S. Malouf, has reached Tring since
1903. The 2 <J<J, 1 ? now at Tring appear to be all the specimens recorded
of this species.
MoVlTATEa ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. 2l3
152. Lophostethus carteri Rothsch. = LopJiostethus demolini carteri.
Lophostethus carteri Rothschild, Nov. Zud. vol. i. p. 97 (1894) (Lagos).
Type : ?, Lagos. Sir Gilbert Carter coll.
Since 1903 the Tring Museum has received 5 SS, 2 ?? from Prestea and
Gold Coast ; Ilesha, Nigeria ; and Kammanura, Bulamwesi, from Sir Gilbert
Carter, Captain Humfrey, and Dr. Ansorge. Also a huge series from Bingerville,
Ivory Coast, from Melon, and a large larva from Bihe, Angola, from W. C. Bell.
153. Langia zenzeroides nawai R. & J. = Langia zenzeroides nawai.
Langia zenzeroides nawai Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 292 No. 247 b (1903)
(Lake Biwa).
Type : ?, Lake Biwa, Hondo, Japan. Jiomach Nawa coll.
154. Cypa decolor euroa R. & J. = Cypa decolor euroa.
Cypa decolor euroa Rothschild & Hartert, Nm. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 299. No. 253 c (1903) (MiUie
Bay).
Type ; ?, Milne Bay, British New Guinea, December 1898. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring Museum has received 11 cJcJ, 1 ? since 1903, from Goodenough
Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands ; Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea ;
and Mt. Goliath and Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea, from A. S.
Meek and A. E. Pratt.
155. Cypa perversa Rothsch. = Smerinthulus perversa.
Cypa perversa Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. ii. p. 28 (1895) (Khasia Hills).
Type : S, Kliasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
150. Cypa mirabilis Rothsch. = Degmaptera mirabilis.
Cypa mirabilis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 542 (1894) (Khasia Hills).
Tjrpe : ?, Khasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
One other S from the Khasias from the same source as the type has leached
Tring since 1903.
157. Cypa olivacea Rothsch. = Degmaptera olivacea.
Cypa divacea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 70. t. 7. f. 7 (1894) (Labuk).
Type : S, Labuk, British North Borneo, May 20, 1885. D. Cator coll.
158. Callambulyx rubricosa amanda R. & J. = Callamhulyx rttbricosa amaiida.
Callambuly.c rubricosa amanda Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 309. No. 263
(1903)(KinaBalu).
Type : (J, Kina Balu, N. Borneo.
The Tring Museum, since 1903, has received 2 S3, 1 ? further specimens
of this form from Malay Peninsula (Malay States), and Upper Palembang, from
Volcker and Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
214 NovitAt Es ZooroGicAE XXVI. 19 1
159. Ambulyx poecilus Rothsch. = Callambulyx poecilns.
Ambulyx poecUus Rothschild, Nov. Zod. vol. v. p. G04. No. 4. fig. 2 ( 1898) (Muree).
Type : <J. Muree, North-West Provinces of India. Received from Watkins
and Doncaster.
160. Phyllosphingia dissimiUs sinensis Jord. = P/iyllosphingia dissimilis sinensis.
Phyllosphingia diasimilia sinensis Jordan, in Seitz, Qrossschm. Erde. vol. ii. p. 247 (1911) (Shantung).
Type : S, Tsingtau, Province of Shantung, Cliina. Received from Messrs.
Staudinger and Bang-Haas. 2 (Jo, 1 ? at Tring.
161. Pachysphinx modesta imperator f. temp, kunzei R. & J. = Pachysphinx
modesta imperator f. temp, kunzei.
Pachysphinx modesta imperator f. temp, kunzei Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 343.
No. 280 b (1903) (Arizona).
Type : <J, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., July 8, 1897. Dr. Kunze coll.
The Tring Museum possesses now of the 2 generations of imperator 33 ^<J
and 27 ??.
162. Pachysphinx modesta regalis R. & J. = Pachysphinx modesta.
Pachysphinx modesta regalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 343. No. 280c (1903)
(Jalisco).
Type : S, Jalisco, Mexico.
163. Isognathus swainsoni Feld. = Isognathus swainsoni.
Isognathus swainsoni Felder, Wien. Entom. Mon. vol. vi. p. 187. No. 175 (1862) (Rio Negro).
Type : J, Rio Negro, ex Felder coll.
The Tring .series has been augmented by 16 (J<J, 1 ?, since 1903, from Minas
Geraes and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; San Antonio do Javary, Amazons ; Omai
and Georgetown, British Guiana, and Songo, Bolivia, from Kennedy and E.
May, S. M. Klages, G. Garlepp, and the Rev. Whitford.
164. Isognathus rimosa molitor R. & J. = Isognathus rimosa molitor.
Isognathus rimosa molitor Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 286. No. 5 (1915) (Cape
Haitien).
Type : ?, Cape Haitien, Haiti. W. M. Mann coll.
165. Erinnyis lassauxi f. impunctata R. & J. = Erinnyis lassauxi i. impunctata.
Erinnyis lassauxi i. impunctata Rothschild & Jordan. Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 365. No. 293 dK
(1903) (.'^roa).
Type : S, Aroa, Venezuela. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
The Tring .series of this form has been augmented, since 1903, by 5 cJ(J, 3 ?9
from Caracas, Venezuela, and Sto Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, from Vv'atkins
and Doncaster, and G. R. Ockenden.
NoVltATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXVI. 1919. 2l5
166. Erinnyis obscura conformis R. & J. = Erinnyis obsctira conformis.
Erinnyis obscura conformis Rothschild & Jordan, Nm: Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 369. No. 298a (1903)
(Galapagos Islands).
Type : (J, Top of Crater, S.E. Albemarle Island, Galapagos Archipelago,
March 27, 1902. R. H. Beck coll.
167. Pachylia syces insularis R. & J. = Pachylia syces insuhris.
Pachylia syces insularis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 375. No. 3036 (1903)
(Jamaica).
Type : S, Jamaica.
168. Sphinx triptolemus Cram. = Leucorhampha triptolemus.
Sphinx triptolemus Cramer, Pap. Exol. vol. iii. fase. xviii. p. 40. t. ccxvi. f. F (1779) (Surinam).
Cotype : ?, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
169. Leucorhampha diffusa R. & J. = Leucorhampha diffusa.
Leucorhampha diffusa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 381. No. 309. pi. vi. f. 10
(1903) (Rio Dagna).
Type : ^, Rio Dagua, Columbia. W. F. Rosenberg coll.
170. Hemeroplanes ornatus Rothsch. = Leucorhampha ornatus.
Hemeroplanes ornatus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 9, pi. vi. f. 9 (1894) (Venezuela, err. ! !).
Type : ?, Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
Since 1903 the series at Triiig has been augmented by 87 (J<J of this species,
73 being from AUianca, Rio Madeira, from W. Hoffmanns, and the rest from Rio
Grande do Sul ; Rio Caehyaco, Iquitos ; and Rio Ouapes, from E. Maxwell
Stuart, Dr. Kock, and others.
171, Hemeroplanes acuta R, & J. = Hemeroplanes acuta.
Hemeroplanes acuta Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 451. No. 23 (1910) (Allianca).
Type : cJ, Allianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November —
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
172. Sphinx oiclus Cram. = Madoryx oiclus.
Sphinx oiclusCT3.meT. Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xviii. p. 39. t. ccxvi. f. C (1779) (Surinam).
Cotype or Type ? : <J, Surinam, ex coll. Van Lenep ex coll. Felder.
Cramer's figure is of a <? ex coll. Mr. W. van der Meulen, but this specimen
agrees so well with the figure that I suggest it is the tjrpe and had passed into
Van Lenep's possession. In any case, it is a cotype ; (for reasons, see antea).
173. Callionia grisescens Rothsch. = Hemeroplanes grisescens.
Callioma grisescens RothscliUd, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 73 (1894).
Type : ??, ex coll. Felder.
The series at Tring has been augmented, since 1903, by 28 <JJ, 21 $$ from
Salta and Santiago del Estera, Ai-gentma ; and Tucuman ; from J. Steinbach,
P. Gerrard, and Dinelli.
^1(5 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
f 174. Callioma ellacombei Rothsch. = Hemeroplanes calliomenae (Schauf.).
Callioma ellacombei Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 74 (1894) (San Domingo).
Philampilus calliomenae Schaufuss, Nnruj. Otivs. vol. i. p. 19 (1870) (Venezuela).
Type : ?, San Domingo, West Indies (Tweedie coll.), ex coll. Felder.
175. Hemeroplanes inuus R. & J. = Hemeropkuies initiis.
Hemeroplanes inmis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. Lx. Suppl. p. 391. No. 321 (1903) (Rio
Caohyaco).
Type : $, Rio Cachyaco, Province Iquito.s, Upper Amazons, 1893. Maxwell
Stuart coll.
Since 1903 we have received 75 (J (J, 7 ?? of this species from AUianca, Rio
Madeira ; Tuis and Juan Vinas, Costa Rica ; and Huatuxco, Vera Cruz ; from
W. Hoffmanns and W. Schaus.
tl76. Tylognathus philampeloides Feld. = Aleuron carinata (Walk.).
Enyo carinata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 1 17. No. 9 (1856) (Para).
Tylognathus philampeloides Feldei, Reise Nomra Lepid. t. 75. f. 11 (1874) (.\mazons).
Type : 9, Amazons (Bates coll.), ex coU. Felder.
tl77. Tylognathus smerinthoides Feld. = Aleuron 'prominens.
Tylognathus smerinthoides Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 82. f. 5 (1874) (Amazons).
Type : J, Amazons (Bates coll.), ex coll. Felder.
We have received 1 ? from Province of Rio Janeiro since 1903.
178. Aleuron neglectum R. & J. = Aleuron neglectum.
.diwron nejiedwrn Rothschild & Jordan, A'^ot'.ZooL vol. ix. Suppl. p. 39S. No. 330. pi. Ixvi. f. 11 (19o3)
(Rio Cachyaco).
Type : 3, Rio Cachyaco, Province Iquitos, 1893. Maxwell Stuart coll.
The Tring series has increased, since 1903, by 80 (J<J, 2 ?? from AUianca
and Humayta, Rio Madeira ; Bartica, British Guiana ; Suapure, Venezuela ;
St. Laurent de Maroni, French Guiana ; Buenavista, East Bohvia ; and Sapucay,
Paraguay ; from W. Hoffmanns, S. M. Klages, Monsieur Le Moult, J. Steinbach,
and W. Foster.
179. Enyo pronoe fuscatus R. & J. = Enyo pronoe fuscatus.
Enyo pronoe fuscatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 401. No. 3326 (1903) (Sta
Catharina).
Type : $, Sta Catharina.
This is still unique, with exception of Bonninghausen's record.
180. Epistor lugubris latipennis R. & J. = Epistor lugubris latipennis.
Epistor lugubris latipennis Rotliscbild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 404. No. 3336 (1903)
(Jamaica).
Type : (J, Jamaica. Taylor coll.
Since 1903 we have received 2 oo from Lord Walsingham, from Jamaica,
making the Tring series 18 cJ(J, 6 $9.
ifdVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXVl. 1919. 217
181. Epistor bathus Rothsch. = Epistor bathtis.
Epistor bathus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 436. No. 2 (1904) (Huancabamba).
Type: <?, Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, 6,000— 10,000 ft., Peru. Boettger
coU.
Since 1904 5 33 of this species have reached Tring from Huancabamba,
Cerro de Pasco ; Chanchamayo, and Pozuzu, Huanaco, Peru ; Chiriqui, Panama ;
and Rio Songo, Bolivia ; from Boettger, W. Hoffmanns, and Fassl.
182. Epistor taedium australis R. & J. = Epistor taedium australis.
Epistor taedium australis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zod. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 4U7. No. 3366 (1903)
(Petropolis).
Type : <J, Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
183. Epistoi cavifer R. & J. = Epistor cavifer.
Epistor cavifer RothschUd & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 407. No. 337 (1903) (Rio Dagua).
Type : <J, Rio Dagua, Columbia. W. Rosenberg coU.
Since 1903 we have received 9 cJcJ, 3 $$, and 1 pupa of this species from
Muzo, Columbia ; Quevedo, W. Ecuador ; St. Laurent de Maroni, Cayenne ;
La Palma, Cundinamarca, Columbia ; Rio Songo, Bohvia ; Espirito Santo,
Brazil ; Chanchamayo, and Pozuzu, Huanaco, Peru ; and Allianca, Rio Madeira,
Brazil ; from A. H. Fassl, von Buchwald, Mons. Le Moult, Mons. de Mathan,
Schuncke, and W. Hoffmanns.
184. Pachygonia drucei R. & J. = Pachygonia drucei.
Pachygonia drucei Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 411. No. 341 (1903) (Chiriqui).
Type : (J, Chiriqui, Panama. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas.
Since 1903 we have received 2 $? from St. Ramon, Rio Wanks, Nicaragua ;
and Bouquete, Chiriqui, Panama ; from M. G. Palmer and Watkins.
185. Ambulyx hyposticta Feld. = Nyceryx hyposticia.
Ambulyx hyposticta Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 77. ff. 2, 3 (1874) (Columbia).
Type : <J, Bogota, Columbia (Luidig coll.), ex coll. Felder.
Since 1903 the Tring Museiun series have been augmented by 13 <JcJ from
Zamora, Ecuador ; Sto Domingo, Carabaya, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Huanca-
bamba, Cerro de Pasco, and Caradoc Marcapa, Peru ; San Antonio, West Cor-
dillera, Canon del ToUma, and Pichinde, Cauca Valley, Columbia ; and Pozuzu,
Huanaco, Peru ; from O. T. Baron, G. R. Ockenden, Boettger, A. H. Fassl,
Seydlemayer, and Paine and Brinkley.
186. Nyceryx lunaris Jord. = Nyceryx lunaris.
Nyceryx lunaris Jordan, Nov. Zout. vol. xviii. p. 599 (1911) (Macas).
Type : 3, Macas, East Ecuador. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and
Bang- Haas.
il6 NOVItATES ZooiooicAE XXVl. 1919.
187. Perigonia magna Feld. = Nyceryx magna.
Perigonia magna Felder, Rtise Novara Lepid. t. 75. f. 12 (1874) (Amazons).
Type : 3, Amazons (Bates coll.), ex coll. Felder.
We erroneously gave Peru as type locality in our monograph (1903). We
have, since 1903, received 6 3,S, 1 9 from Allianca, Rio Madeira ; Teffe, Amazons ;
and Macas, East Ecuador ; from W. Hoffmanns, Mons. de Mathan ; and Messrs.
Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
188. Pachygonia maxwelli Rothsch. = Nyceryx maxwelli.
Pachygonia maxwelli Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iii. No. 4 (1896) (San Augustino).
Type : S, San Augustino, nr. Mapiri, Bolivia, 3,500 ft., September 1895.
Arthur Maxwell Stuart coll.
Since 1903 we have received of this species 5 3$, 1 $ from Zamora, Ecuador ;
Rio Songo, Bolivia ; and Theresopolis, Sta Catharina, Brazil ; from O. T. Baron.
J. Michaelis, and A. H. Fassl.
189. Nyceryx eximia R. & J. = Nyceryx eximia.
Nyceryx eximia Rothschild & Jordan, Noi: Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 116. No. 2 (1916) (Chiriqui).
Type : <?, Chiriqui, Panama. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas.
190. Nyceryx nictitans saturata R. & J. = Nyceryx nictitans saturata.
Nyceryx nictitans saturata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 420. No. 353i (1903)
(Chanchamayo).
Type : (J, Chanchamayo, Peru.
We have received 9 <J(J of this form, since 1903, from Rio Songo, Bolivia ;
Macas, E. Ecuador ; and Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru ; from A. H.
Fassl, Boettger, and Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
191. Nyceryx continua cratera R. & J. = Nyceryx continua cratera.
Nyceryx continua cratera Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 117. No. 3 (1916) (Rio Songo).
Type : <?, Rio Songo, Bolivia, 750 m. = 2,438 ft. A. H. Fassl coll.
192. Pachygonia stuarti Rothsch. = Nyceryx stvarti.
Pachygonia stuarti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 665 (1894) (Rio Cachyaco).
Type : <J, Rio Cachyaco, Province Iquitos, Upper Amazons, 1893. Arthur
Maxwell Stuart coll.
Since 1903 the Tring Museum has received 49 <J(J of this species from Allianca,
Rio Madeira ; San Augustino, Mapiri, Bolivia ; and Georgetown, British Guiana ;
from W. Hoffmanns, Arthur MaxweU Stuart, and Rev. Mr. Whitford.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVl. 1919. 2l&
193. Perigonia grisea R. & J. = Perigonia grisea.
Perigonia grisea RothschUd & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 424. No. 360. pi. x. f. 6 (1903)
(Rio Songo — Rio Suapi).
Type : cJ, Rio Songo to Rio Suapi, Bolivia, 1,100 m. = 3,575 ft., March —
June 1896. Gustav Garlepp coll.
The series at Tring has been augmented by 19 cJ(J, 4 ?? from Zamora,
Ecuador ; Chanchamayo, Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, C'uzco, Pozuzu, Huan-
aco, and Huayabamba, S.E. of Chachapoyas, Peru ; and Yungas de la Paz,
Bolivia ; from O. T. Baron, Schuncke, E. Boettger, W. Hoffmanns, and G.
Garlepp.
194. Perigonia pallida R. & J. = Perigonia pallida.
Perigonia pallida Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 425. No. 361 (1903) (Merida).
Type : 3, Merida, Venezuela. Briceno coll.
4 (J (J have been added to the Tring series since 1903 from Port of Spain,
Trinidad ; Corcovado, Brazil, and Valencia, Venezuela.
195. Perigonia leucopus R. & J. = Perigonia leucopus.
Perigonia leucopus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 457. No. 3 (1910) (Cuyaba).
Type : S, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Received from Messrs. Staudmger
and Bang- Haas.
196. Stenolophia tenebrosa Feld. = Perigonia lusca f. tenebrosa.
Stenolophia tenebrosa Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 82. f. 3 (1874) (Amazons).
Type : $, Amazons (Bates coll.), ex coll. Felder.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 10 33, 8 ?? of this form from
Merida, and Caracas, Venezuela ; Upper Amazons ; Bogota, Columbia ; British
Honduras ; San Pedro Sula, Honduras ; Dominica, andSta Lucia, West Indian
Islands ; and AUianca, Rio Madeira ; from Briceno, Watkins and Doncaster,
E. Agar, Selwyn Branch, and W. Hoffmanns.
197. Perigonia jamaicensis Rothsch. = Perigonia jamaicensis.
Perigonia jamaicensis RothschUd, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 69 (1894) (Jamaica).
Type : <J, Jamaica.
2 $? have been added to the Tring series since 1903, one from St. Anne's,
from Taylor.
198. Eupyrihoglossum venustum R. & J. = Ewpyrrlioglossum venustum.
Eupyrrhoglossum venustum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 453. No. 42 (1910) (AUianca).
Type : 3, AUianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November —
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
^0 NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXVI. 1919.
199. Sesia tantalus clavipes R. & J. = Sesia tantalus clavipes.
Sesia tantalus clavipes Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 43G. No. 371c (1903) (Guada-
lajara).
Type : <?, Guadalajara, Mexico, July 1896. Received from W. Schaus.
We have added to the Tring series, since 190.3, 14 cJtJ, 4 $?, from Bougava,
Chiriqui, Panama ; Valencia, and Merida, Venezuela ; Central Amazons, Brazil ;
Sixola River, Costa Rica ; Zamora, Ecuador ; Camoapa, W. Nicaragua ; Jalapa,
Mexico ; Maripa, Caura River, Venezuela ; and Buena vista, East Bolivia ; from
Watkins, Briceno, Watkins and Doncaster, W. Schaus, O. T. Baron, M. G.
Palmer, S. M. Klages, G. Steinbach, and others.
200. Haemorrhagia staudingeri ottonis R. & J. = Haemorrhagia staudingeri
otionis.
Haemorrhagia staudingeri ottonis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool, vol. ix. Suppl. p. 457. No. 383a
(1903) (Amur).
Type : S, Amurland, Eastern Asiatic, Russia.
We have received, since 1903, 2 So of tliis form from Pompejefka, Little
Chingan Mts., and Tjutju, Sichota-Alin Mts., Eastern Asiatic Russia, from W.
Mau.
201. Haemorrhagia tityus alaiana R. & J. = Haemorrhagia tityus alaiana.
Haemorrhagia lity)is alaiana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 451. No. 379a (1903)
(Alai Mts,).
Type : 3, Alai Mts., Russian Central Asia, ex Grum-Grschmailo coll.
The series at Tring has, since 1903, been augmented by 6 (^<J from Aksu,
Karagaitau, Juldus, Kuldcha, and Sanka, Tian Shan Mts., Russian Central Asia.
202. Macroglossa venata Feld. = Haemorrhagia venata.
MacroglossavenataFe\deT,Sitz.Ber.K.K.Ak. Wi«s. W'icM, vol. xliii. p. 29. No. 61 (1861)(Amboina).
Type : 3, Amboina, Moluccas (Doleschal coU.), ex coll. Pelder.
This still remains unique.
203. Sphinx pelasgus Cram. = Haemorrhagia thysbe i. pelasgus = cimbiciformis
(Steph.).
Sphinx pelasgus Cramer, Pap. Exol. vol. iii. fasc. xxi. p. 53. pi. ccxlviii. f. B (1779) (North America).
Sesia cimbiciformis Stephens, IlluM. Brit. Enimn. Uaust. Part i. p. 135. No. 3 (1828).
Cotype : ? ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Pelder.
I consider there is no doubt that this is a cotype, for Cramer had before him
Van Lennep's collection and would not have noticed the slight differences.
204. Cephonodes woodfordi Butl. = Cephonodes woodfordi.
Cephonodes woodfordi Butler, Trans. Entom. Soc. Land. p. 389. t. 12. f. 1 (1889) (Guadalcanar).
Type : ?, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands. H. M. Woodford coll.
One further <? from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, has come to hand since
1903.
NOyiTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 221
205. Cephonodes woodJordi luisae R. & J. = Cephonodes woodfordi luisae.
Cephonodes woodfordi luisae Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. is. Supjjl. p. 464. No. 3905 (1903)
(Rossel Island).
Type : ?, Rossel Island, Louisiade Ai-chipelago, February 1898. A. S.
Meek coll.
Only 1 ?, also from Rossel Island, came to hand in 1910.
206. Cephonodes janus austrosmidanus R. & J. = Cephonodes janus
mislrosundanus.
Cephonodes janus austrosiindanus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 465. No. 391o
(1903) (Flores).
Type : <J, South Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands, November 1896. A. E.
Everett coU.
2 (J (J have been added to the Tring series, since 1903, from Wetter Island,
Lesser Sunda Islands ; and Tomia, Toekan Besi Islands ; from H. Kiihn.
207. Cephanodes simplex Rothsch. = Cephonodes janus simplex.
Cephanodes simplex Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 66. pi. v. f. 1 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : <J, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
The type appears to be unique, no further specimens being on record.
t2li8. Cephanodes unicolor Rothsch. = Cephotiodes janus janus.
Cephanodes unicolor Roths-jhild, Nov. Zool. vol. iii. p. 231 (1896) (Duaringa).
Type : <?, Coomooboolaroo, Duaringa, Dawson District, Queensland.
Barnard coll.
209. Cephonodes xanthus R. & J. = Cephonodes xanthus.
Cephonodes xanthus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 465. No. 392. pi. v. f. 17 (1903)
(Okinawa).
Type : ?, Kimmura, Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands, August 26, 1891. Dr.
A. Fritze coll.
This also appears to be unique.
210. Macroglossum trochilus Guer. = Cephonodes trochilus.
Macroglossum trochilus Guerin in Dcless. Voij. hid. Or. p. 81 (1843) (Mauritius).
Type : (J, Mauritius.
211. Cephonodes leucogaster R. & J. = Cephonodes lencogaster.
Cephonodes leucogaster Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. tx. Suppl. p. 469. No. 396 (1903) (Mada-
gascar).
Type : (?, Antanambe, Bai d'Antongil, Madagascar, March— April 1897.
A. Mocquerys coll.
1 (J, 1 ? have been procured by the Tring Museum, since 1903, from Tama-
tave, Madagascar, from H. RoUe.
222 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XX\T. 1919.
212. Cephanodes titan Rothsch. = Cephonodes titan.
Cephanodes titan Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. vi. p. 69. No. 6 (1899) (Amboina).
Type : ?, Amboina. Received from Mons. H. Donckier.
SI.*?. Cephonodes armatus armatus R. & J. = Cephonodes armatus armatus.
Ceplionodes annatiis annatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 470. No. 399o (1903)
(Fiji Islands).
Type : S, Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Charles M. Woodford coll.
214. Cephanodes lifnensis Rothsch. = Cephonodes lifuensis.
Cephanodes lijuensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 66 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : ?, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
215. Sphinx pious Cram. = Cephonodes picus.
Sphinx picus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xiii. p. 83. pi. cxlviii. f . B ( 1777) (Coast of Coromandel).
Tj^e : 2 ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coU. Felder.
Cramer says that the insects figured at A and B and EF on this plate were
in the collection of Mr. C. StoU, while C and D were in the Van Lennep collection.
I believe, however, that many of StoU's and other collectors' specimens mentioned
by Cramer afterwards passed into the hands of Van Lennep, and so I think we
can assume this is the actual type. In any case it is a cotype.
216. Sataspes tagalica f. thoraeica R. & J. = Sataspes tugulicu f. thoracica.
Sataspes tagalica f. thoracica Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 474. No. 4026' (1903)
(Khasia Hills).
T3rpe : o, Khasia HiUs, Assam (Native coU.). Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, 4 (Jo of this form out of the
Elwes collection from Sikkim and Burmah, from Otto Moller and Adamson.
217. Sataspes tagalica f. coUaris R. & J. = Sataspes tagaliai f. collaris.
Sataspes tagalica f. collaris Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 474. No. 402c' (1903)
(Burmah).
Type : o, Burmah. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
The following six species have accidentally been omitted from their proper
sequence.
218. Sphinx ligustri nisseni R. & J. = Sphinx ligustri nisseni.
Sphinx ligustri nisseni Rothschild & Jordan, Nov, Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 253. No. 12 (1916) (Hammam
Meskoutine).
Type : <J, Hammam Meskoutine, Province of Constantine, Algeria, April
22nd, 1914. Dr. H. Nissen coll.
219. Cornipalpus succinctus Feld. = Enyo japix (Cram.).
Comipalpus succinctus Felder, Keise Nm-ara Lepid. tab. Ixxxii. f. 6 (1874) (America).
Sphinx japix Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. fasc. viii. p. 137. pi. Ixxxvii. f. C (1776) (New York),
Type : o, America, ex Museum Berol ex coll. Felder.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 223
t220. Sphinx camertus Cram. = £'ptstor lugvbris lugubris (Drury) $.
Sphinx camertus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. six. p. 53. pi. ccxxv. f. A (1779) (Surinam).
Sphinx lugubris Drury, Illustr. Exot. Entom. vol. i. p. 61. t. 28. f. 2 [Index Scieut. name] (1770)
(Antigua).
Cotype : ? ex coll. C. Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
The type of Cramer's plate was in the collection of Mr. W. Van der Meuler,
but all Van Lennep's specimens are cotypes where they aie not actual types.
t221. Sphinx fegeus Cram. = Epistor lugubris lugubris (Drury) (j.
Sphinx fegev.s Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. six. p. 56. pi. ccsxv. f. E (1779) (Surinam).
Sphinx lugubris Drury, Illustr. Exot. Entom. vol. i. p. 61. t. 28. f. 2 (1770) (Antigua).
Cotjrpe : (J ex coll. C. Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
The same remarks apply to this as to the preceding.
t222. Sphinx danum Cram. = Epistor ocypete (Linn.) tj.
Sphinx danum Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xbc. p. 53. pi. ccxxv. f. B (1779) (Surinam).
Sphinx ocypete Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 498. No. 4 (1758).
Cotype : (J, Surinam, ex coll. C. Van Lennep, ex coll. Felder.
The same remarks apply to this also.
t22;^. Sphinx lyctus Cram. = Epistor gorgon (Ci-am.) ^.
Sphinx lycius Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xix. p. 56. pi. ccxxv. f. F. (1779) (Surinam).
Sphinx gorgon Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xii. p.,73. pi. cxlii. f. E (1777) (Surinam).
Type : <?, Surinam, ex coll. C. Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
The same remarks apply here also.
224. Pholus triangulum R. & J. = Pholus triangulum.
Pholus triangulum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 479. No. 405. pi. ixvi, f. 2 (1903)
(Huafuxco).
Type : o, Huatuxco, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
The series at Tring, since 1903, has been increased by 61 specimens of both
sexes from Tuis, Costa Rica; Zamora, Ecuador; and Pozuzu, Huanaco, Peru;
from W. Schaus, 0. T. Baron, and W. Hoffmanns.
225. Pholus satellitia analis R. & J. = Pholus satellitia analis.
Pholus satellitia analis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool, vol. ix. Suppl. p. 482. No. 406(/. (1903)
(Paraguay).
Type : S, Paraguay. Dr. Bohls coll.
22 specimens (3 (J (J) have been added to the Tring series, since 1903, from
Sapucay and Patino Cue, Paraguay; and PetropoUs, Castro, Parana; Nivac,
Mattogrosso, and Sta Catharina, Brazil ; from W. Foster, E. D. Jones, and
others.
226. Dnpo domingonis Rothsch. = Pholus strenua (Menetr.).
Dupo domingonis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 83. (1894) (San Domingo).
Chaerocampa strenua Menetries, Enum. Corp. Anim. Mus. Petr. Lepid. p. 132. No. 1523. t. 12. f. 3
(1857) (Haiti).
Type : cj, San Domingo.
224 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
227. Pholus drucei R. & J. = Pholus drucei.
Pholus drucei Rothschild & Jordan, Soi: Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 483. No. 407. pi. ii. f. 3 (1903)
(Ecuador).
Type : o, Ecuador. Received from Emile Deyrolle fils.
We have received 2 cJ<J, 2 ??, since 1903, from Guayaquil, West Ecuador,
from von Buchwald.
228. Pholus neuburgeri R. & J. = Pholus neiiburgeri.
Pholus neuburgeri Rothschild & Jordan, Xov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 483. No. 408. pi. ii. f. 4 (1903)
(Argentina).
Type : g, Argentina, ex coll. Neuburger.
This appears to be stiU unique.
229. Philampelus cissi Schauf. = Pholus cissi.
Philampel'us cissi Schaufuss, Nunq. Olios, vol. i. p. 19 (1870) (Venezuela).
Cotypes : 1 (J, 1 $, Venezuela (Moritz coll.), ex coll. Felder.
The series at TrLng, since 1903, has increased by 17 oo, 8 ??, from Huanca-
bamba, Cerro de Pasco, and Pozuzu, Huanuco, Peru ; and Zamora, Ecuador;
from E. Boettger, W. Hoffmanns, and O. T. Baron.
230. Pholus obliquus R. & J. = Pholus obliquiis.
Pholus obliquus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 486. No. 411. pi. Ixvi. f. 1 (1903)
(Rio Dagua).
Type : <J, Rio Dagua, Columbia. W. Rosenberg coll.
We have received 6 (J<J, 6 ??, since 1903, from Tuis, Costa Rica ; Zamora,
Ecuador ; Cayenne ; Bebnont, Port of Spain, Trinidad ; St. Laurent de Maroni,
Cayenne ; Georgetown, Britiish Guiana ; and Jalapa, Mexico ; from W. Schaus,
O. T. Baron, E. Lafond, Mons. Le Moult, and the Rev. Whitford.
231. Pholus adamsi R. & J. = PJiolus adamsi.
Pholus adamsi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 488. No. 413 (1903) (Venezuela).
Type : (J, Venezuela, ex coll. H. J. Adams.
We have added 1 cj from Sao Paulo to the Tring Museum since 1903.
232. Pholus vitis fuscatus R. & J. = Pholus vitis fiiscatus.
Pholus vitis fuscatus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 181. No. 7 (1906) (Sta Lucia).
Type : ?, Island of Sta Lucia, West Lidies, May 26, 1904. Selwyn Branch
coU.
Since 1910 the Tring Museum has received 4 ?? from Dominica, West Indies,
from E. A. Agar.
t233. Sphinx crantor Cram. = Pholus achemon (Drury).
Sphinx crantor Cramer Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fa.sc. ix. p. 11. pi. civ. f. A (1774) (East Indies ! !).
Sphinx achemon Drury, Illustr. Exot. Entom. vol. ii. p. 51. pi. xxix. f. 1. Index (1773) (Jamaica ! !).
Type : ?, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
The following 2 types were omitted from their right sequence.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVl. 1919. 225
234. Sphinx hannibal Cram. = Protoparce hannibal.
Sphinx hannibal Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xviii. p. 39. pi. ccxvi. f. A (1779) (Surinam).
Cotype : <J, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Pelder.
235. Sphinx caicus Cram. = Grammodia caicus.
Sphinx caicus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xi. p. 42. pi. cxxv. f. F (1777) (Surinam).
Type : <S, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
236. Chromis meeki R. & J. = Chromis meeki.
Chromis meeki Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 93. No. 4 (1907) (Biagi).
Type : S, Biagi, Upper Mambare River, British New Guinea, January —
April 1906. A. S. Meek coll.
Besides the series of 18 specimens from Biagi, the Tring Museum now possesses
3 (J (J, 10 ?? from Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., nr. Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., and
Mt. GroUath, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea ; and Angabunga River, and Owgarra,
Aroa River, British New Guinea ; from A. E. Pratt and A. S. Meek.
t237. Theretra alberti Rothsch. = Chromis heliodes (Meyr.).
Theretra alberti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. ii. p. 162. pi. ix. f. 9 (1895) (Fergusson Island).
Type : <J, Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, October— November
1894. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring Museum series, since 1903, has been augmented by 33 specimens
of both sexes, from Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., Upper Setekwa River, nr. Oetakwa
River, and Mt. Goliath, Dutch New Guinea ; Stephansort, and Bongu, Huon
Gulf, N.E. New Guinea ; Biagi, Mambare River, and Kumusi River, N.E. British
New Guinea ; and Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands ; from A. E.
Pratt, A. S. Meek, and C. Wahnes.
238. Daphnis dohertyi Rothsch. = Deilephila dohertyi dohertyi.
Daphnis dohertyi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iv. p. 307. No. 2 (1897) (Kapaur).
Type : <?, Kapaur, Dutch New Guinea, December 1896. W. Doherty coll.
5 <J(?, 6 ?? have been added to the series at Tring, since 1903, from Sudest
Island, and Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago ; Ekeikei, British New Guinea ;
and Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea ; from A. S. Meek and A. E.
Pratt.
239. Deilephila dohertyi callusia R. & J. = Deilephila dohertyi callusia.
Deilephila dohertyi callusia Rothschild & Jordan, ^ov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 120. No. 9 (1916) (Choiseul).
Type : S, North side of Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands, December 1903.
A. S. Meek coll.
240. Deilephila placida salomonis R. & J. = Deilephila placida salomonis.
Deilephila placida salomonis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 181. No. 8 (1906) (New
Georgia).
Type : <?, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, March 1904. A. S. Meek coll.
15
226 NOVITATES ZoOLOtHCAE XXVI. 1919.
t 241. Daphnis torrenia rosacea Rothsch. = Deilephila placida torrenia (Druce).
Daphnis torrenia Druce, subsp. rosacea Rothschild, Nov. Zonl. vol. i. p. 85 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : S, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
t242. Daphnis gloriosa Rothsch. = Deilephihi hypothous pallescens (Butl.).
Daphnis gloriosa Eothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 85 (1894) (Borneo ! !).
Type : <J, Borneo (loc. err. R. & J.)'. Received from Emile DeyroUe et fils.
It is quite certain that tills is a rather worn specimen of h. pallescens and not true
hypothous, and must have come from a locality east of the Moluccas.
243. Ampelophaga khasiana Rothsch. = Ampelophaga khasiana khasiana.
Ampelophaga khasiana Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. ii. p. 482. No. 1 (Khasia Hills).
Type : (?, Khasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
1 (J from the Khasia Hills from the same source has been secured by the
Tring Museum, since 190.3.
244. Ampelophaga khasiana malayana R. & J. = Ampelophaga kJmsiana
nialuyami.
Ampelophaga khasiana malayana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 286. No. 6 (1915)
(Perak).
Type : $, Batang, Padang Valley, Perak, 1,250 m. = 4,063 ft., September-
October, 1910. E. Stresemann coU.
245. Acosmeryx anceus subdentata R. & J. = Acosmeryx anceiis subdentaUi.
Acosmeryx anceus subdentata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 528. No. 444a (1903)
(Sikkim).
Type : (J, Sikkim, July — September. Received from Fruhstorfer.
The Tring Museum series, since 1903, has been augmented by 7 <JcJ, 4 ??
from Darjeeling, Sikkim ; West Java ; Palawan ; Buxa, Bhutan ; and Sarawak,
Borneo ; from Fruhstorfer, Fritz MoUer, H. S. Young, and others.
246. Acosmeryx omissa R. & J. = Acosmeryx omissa.
Acosmeryx omissa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 530. No. 447 (1903) (Buxa),
Type : (J, Buxa, Bhutan.
1 (J ex coll. H. J. Elvves (without locality) has been added to the Tring
aeries since 1903.
247. Acosmeryx castanea R. & J. = Acosmeryx castanea.
Acosmeryx castanea Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 531. No. 448 (1903) (Yoko-
hama).
Type : <?, Yokohama, June 25, 1896.
There is an adult larva labelled " Japan," from the Pryer collection, at Tring.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 227
248. Panacra micholitzi R. & J. = Panacra micholitzi.
Panacra micholitzi Rothschild & Jordan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 456. No. 2 (1893) (Sirabang).
Type: (J, Simbang, N.E. New Guinea, June 1893. Micholitz coll. Received
from F. Sander & Co.
Since 1903 we have received 2 cJcJ, 1 ? from Biagi, Mambare River, and
Haidana, Collingwood Bay, N.E. British New Guinea, from A. S. Meek.
249. Panacra pulchella R. & J. = Panacra pulchella.
Panacra pulchella Rothschild & Jordan, Noi<. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 94. No. 5 (1907) (Biagi).
Type : tj, Biagi, Mambare River, N.E. British New Guinea, 5,000 ft., March
1906. A. S. Meek coll.
250. Panacra busiris marina R. & J. = Panacra husiris marina.
Panacra busiris marina Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 287. No. 8 (1915) (Andamans).
Type : <?, Andaman Islands.
251. Angonyx splendens Rothsch. = Panacra splendens.
Angonyx splendens Rothschild, Nov. Zonl. vol. i. p. 82. pi. v. f. 15 (1894) (Queensland).
Type : ?, Queensland. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
9 (J (J, 14 ?? have been added to the Tring series, since 1903, from Wokan,
Aru Islands ; Little Key, Key Islands ; Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland ; Barnard
Island ; Biagi, Mambare, and Kumusi River, British New Guinea ; nr. Oetakwa
River, Dutch New Guinea ; and Bougainville, Choiseul, Guizo, and Rendova
Islands, Solomon Islands ; from A. E. Pratt, H. Kiihn, W. P. Dodd, and A. S.
Meek.
252. Panacra malayana R. & J. = Panacra malayana.
Panacra malayana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. is. Suppl. p. 537. No. 454. pi. vii. f. 24 (1903)
(Java).
Type : ?, South Java, 1,500 ft. 189(5. H. Fruhstorfer coll.
Since 1903, 27 <J(J, 24 ?? have been added to the Tring Museum, from North
Nias and Pulo Nias, from Watkins and Doncaster, and Kannegieter ex coll.
Van de PoU.
253. Panacra dohertyi Rothsch. = Panacra dohertyi.
Panacra dohertyi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 81 (1894) (Gunong Ijau).
Type : $, Gunong Ijau, Perak. W. Doherty coll.
5 (?(?, 2 ??, have been received at Tring, since 1903, from Assam ; Pulo
Nias ; and Baram District, Sarawak, Borneo ; from Kannegieter ex coll. Van
de Poll, and Charles Hose.
254. Panacra sinuata R. & J. = Panacra sinuata.
Panacra sintuUa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 539. No. 459. pi. vi. f. 13 (1903)
(Sikkim).
Type : 3, Sikkim, July — September. Received from Fruhstorfer.
We have received, since 1903, 10 (JcJ, 1 ? from Darjeeling, Sikkim ; and
Khasia Hills, Assam ; from F. Moller, and Kiiyvett, ex coll. H. J. Elwes.
228 NorrtATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
255. Panacra hamiltoni Rothsch. = Panacra variolosa (Walk.).
Panacra liamiUoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 82 (1894) (Khasia Hills).
Panacra variolosa Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 156. No. 4 (1856) (Silhet).
Type : cJ, Khasia Hills, Assam (Hamilton coU.). Received from Watkins
and Doncaster.
1 ? from Khasia Hills has been received at Tring, since 1903.
t256. Panacra variegata Rothsch. = Panacra mydon elegantuhis (Herr.-Sch.) <?.
Panacra variegata Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 81 (1894) (Philippines).
Thyreus elegantulua Herrich-Schaeffer, Av-sserenr. Schmeth. i. 479 (1856) (Java).
Type : S, Philippine Islands.
■|-257. Panacra perakana Rothsch. = Panacra mydon eleganlulus (Herr.-Sch.) <^.
Panacra perakana Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 81 (1894) (Gunong Ijau).
Thyreus eleganlulus Herrich-Schaeffer, I.e.
Type : ?, Gunong Ijau, Perak. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
We have received, since 1903, 18 S3, 35 ?? of Paiuicra mydon eleganlulus
from various places in Sumatra and Nias, from Kannegieten and others, mostly
out of the Van de PoU collection.
258. Panacra excellens Rothsch. = Angonyx excellens.
Panacra excellens Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 234. No. 2 (1911) (Oetakwa River).
Type : <J, Nr. Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, up to 3,000 ft.,
October— December 1910. A. S. Meek coll.
259. Angonyx testacea papuana R. & J. = Angonyx testacea jxipwina.
Angonyx testacea papuana Rothschild & Jordan Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 544. No. 4636 (1903)
(Cedar Bay).
Type : S, Cedar Bay, Queensland. A. S. Meek coll.
2 36, 5 ?? have been added to the Tring series, since 1903, from German
New Guinea ; and Biagi, Mambare River ; and Upper Aroa River, British New
Guinea ; from C. Wahnes and A. S. Meek.
200. Angonyx meeki R. & J. = Angonyx meeki.
Angonyx meeki Rothschild & Jordan, New. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 545. No. 465. pi. ii. f. 6 (1903)
(Guadalcanar).
Type : 3, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, May 1901. A. S. Meek coU.
In our monograph we enumerated the ?? of A. meeki as the $? of A. testacea
-papuana, not having any 9? of that insect at that time. We have since
the pubUcation of the monograph added 21 (JcJ, 7 ?? to the Tring series, from
Bougainville, Choiseul, Guizo, Rendova, Florida, and Tulagi Islands, Solomon
Islands ; from A. S. Meek, and Charles M. Woodford.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXVI. 1919. 229
261. Angonyx boisduvali Rothsch. = Angonyx hoisduvali.
Angonyx hoisduvali Rothschild, Nm>. Zool. vol. i. p. 82 (1894) (Guadalcanar).
Type : $, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands. Charles M. Woodford coll.
We have received 5 <?<?, 2 ??, since 1903, from New Georgia, and Tulagi and
Bougainville Islands, Solomon Islands ; from A. S. Meek and Charles M. Wood-
ford.
262. Enpinanga labuana oceanica R. & J. = Enpinanga labiuxna oceanica.
Enpinanga labuana oceanica Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 120. No. 10 (1916)
(Andamans).
Type : ?, Andaman Islands. Received from J. W. Kaye.
26.3. Microlophia sculpta Feld. = Cizara sculpta.
Microlophia sculptu Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 75. f. 9 (1874) (Siam).
Type : <S, Siam (Lorquin coll.), ex coU. Felder.
We have received, since 1903, 1 $ from Mouhnein, Burma.
264. Maassenia beydeni comorana R. & J. = Maassenia heydeni comorana.
Maassenia heydeni comorana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 286. No. 7 (1915) (Grande
Comoro).
Type : <J, Grande Comoro, Comoro Islands, September 1911 (G. F. Leigh).
t265. Sphinx morpheus Cram. = Nephele didyma f. didyma (Fab.).
Sphinx morpheus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xiii. p. 84. pi. cxlix. f . D ( 1777) (Coast of Coromandel).
Cotype : ?, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep, ex coll. Felder.
266. Nephele xylina R. & J. = Nephele xylina.
Nephele xylina Rothschild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 457. No. 4 (1910) (Abyssinia).
Type : ?, Abyssinia. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
267. Nephele funebris f. conimacula R. & J. = Nephele junebris
f. conimamla.
Nephele funebris f. conim/icula Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 558. No. 478o6'
(1903) (Sierra Leone).
Type : ?, Sierra Leone.
7 <J(J, 4 ?? have been received at Tring, since 1903, from Mayotte Island,
Comoro Islands ; and Nguelo, Usambara, Dar-es-Salaam ; and Lluguru, German
East Africa ; from G. F. Leigh, Neuburger, and H. RoUe.
268. Nephele Junebris maculosa f. maculosa R. & J. = Nephele
maculosa f. maculosa.
Nephele funebris maculosa f . maculosa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 558. No. 4785c'
(1903) (Yakusu).
Type : cJ, Yakusu, Upper Congo, May 1900. Rev. Kenred Smith coll.
230 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
269. Nephele Junebris maculosa f . ovUera R. & J. = Nephele maculosa
f. ovijera.
Nephele fiinehris tnaculosa i. ovijera Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 558. No. 4786(J''
(1903) (Yakusu).
Type : <? Yakusu, Upper Congo, May 1900. Rev. Kenred Smith coll.
We have now, after examining further material, come to the conclusion that
maculosa is a distinct species and not a subspecies of junebris. We have received,
since 1903, 30 SS, 5 ?? of the form nmculosa and 5 S3 of the form ovifera from
Luebo, and Luluaburg, Kassai, Congo ; Niger Coast ; and Abonondo, Camaroons ;
from P. Landbeck, Taymans, per J. Linden & Sons, and others.
t270. Nephele aiireomaculata Rothsch. = Nephele discifera Karsch f. discifera.
Nephele aureomaculiita Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 88 (1894) (Upper Congo).
Nephele peneus (Cr.) f. discifera Karsch, Entom. Nachr. vol. xvii. p. 298 (1891) (Camaroons).
Type : $, Upper Congo.
The Trmg Museum has received, since 1903, 7 <J(J, 3 $? from Kumasi,
West Africa ; Luebo, Kassai, and Bopoto, Congo ; from D. Sanders, P. Landbeck,
and the Rev. Kenred Smith.
271. Nephele discifera f. rattraya Rothsch. = Nephele discifera I. rattraya.
Nephele discifera f. rattraya Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 436. No. 3 (1904) (Kampala).
Type : cJ, Kampala, Uganda. Captain H. B. Rattray coll.
We have received 2 SS, 1 § of this form, since 1903, from Kumasi, West
Africa ; from D. Sanders.
272. Nephele peneus f. innotata R. & J. = Nephele peneus f. innotata.
Nephele peneus f. innotata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 560. No. 4816' (1903)
(Sierra Leone).
Type : ?, Sierra Leone.
The series at Tring of this form has been augmented by 5 cJo, 3 ?? from
Moyambe, Sierra Leone ; Lagos, Nigeria ; Accra, Gold Coast ; Casamance,
Senegal ; and Kumasi, West Africa ; from Laglaize, D. Cator, and D. Sanders.
t273. Zonilia malgassica Fekl. = Nephele densoi (Keferst.).
Zonilia malgassica Felder, lleise Nomra Lepid. tab. 76. f. 2 (1874) (Madagascar).
Zonilia densoi Keferstein, Jahrb. Akad. Erjvrt. (2) vi. p. 14. t. 2. f. 5 (1870) (Madagascar).
Type : S, Madagascar, ex coll. Felder.
274. Nephele oenopion stictica R. & J. = Nephele oenopion stictica.
Nephele oenopion stictica Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 562. No. 4856 (1903)
(Grande Comore).
Type : <J, Grande Comore, Comoro Islands. Received from Mr. R. Oberthiir.
275. Nephele oenopion continentis R. & J. = Nephele oenopion continentis.
Nephele oenopion continentis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 562. No. 485c (1903)
(Sierra Leone).
Type : S, Sierra Leone, August 1898. Captain Stevens coll.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 231
276. Temnora oxyptera R. & J. = Temnora oxyptera.
Temnora oxyptera Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 119. No. 8 (1916) (Chintriche).
Type : S, Chintriche, Nyassaland.
277. Temnora aureata R. & J. = Temnora aureata.
Temnora aureata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 569. No. 491 (1903) (Camaroons).
Cotype (Paratype) : 9, Barombi Station, Camaroons. Dr. Preuss coll.
Received from the Berlin Museum.
Since 1903 the Tring Museum has received 11 cJcJ, 2 ?? from Pungo Andongo,
Angola ; Entebbe and Kampala, Uganda ; Nguelo, Usambara, German East
Africa ; and Eldoma Ravine, British East Africa ; from A. von Homeyer,
H. R. GaUatly, and H. RoUe.
278. Lophuron inomatum Rothsch. = Temnora inornatum.
Lophuron inornatum Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 71. t. v. f. 8 (1894) (Namaqualand).
Type : S, Little Namaqualand, Cape Colony. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
5 cJcJ, 2 ?? have been added to the series at Tring, since 1903, from Durban,
Natal ; from G. F. Leigh.
279. Temnora namaqua R. & J. = Temnora namaquu.
Temnora namaqua Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 571. No. 496. pi. vii. f. 2 (1903)
(Little Namaqualand).
Type : <J, Little Namaqualand, Cape Colony. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
We have received, since 1903, 2 ?? of this species from Amshaw, Cape Colony,
from Miss Barrett.
280. Temnora stevensi R. & J. = Temnora stevensi.
Temnora stevensi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 571. No. 497. pi. vii. f. 15 (1903)
(Port Loklsoh).
Type : S, Port Lokkoh, Suza Country, Sierra Leone, July 1899. Captain
Stevens coll.
1 (J from Ilesha, South Nigeria, from Captain Humfrey, has reached Tring
since 1903.
281. Temnora subapicalis R. & J. = Temnora siibapicalis.
Temnora subapicalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 572. No. 498. pi. vii. ff. 3, 4
(1903) (Kikuyu).
Type : ?, Kikuyu Escarpment, British East Africa, 6,500—9,000 ft., February
1901. W. Doherty coll.
This has remained unique.
232 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
t282. Diodosida brunnea Rothsch. = Temnora marginata marginata (Walk.).
Diodosida brunnea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 72 (1894) (Namaqualand).
Darapsa marginata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 185. No. 5 (1856) (Natal).
Type : ?, Little Namaqualand, Cape Colony. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
The series at Tring has been augmented, since 1903, by 4 (5<J, 7 ?? of this
form from Chintriche, Nyassaland ; and Durban, Natal; from G. F. Leigh and
others.
283. Temnora marginata comorana R. & J. = Temiwra marginata comorana.
Temnora marginata ramorana Rothschild & .Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 573. No. 4996. pi. vii,
f, 4 (1903) (Grande Comore).
Type : (J, Grande Comore, Comoro Islands. Received from Mons. R.
Oberthiir.
284. Temnora leighi R. & J. = Temnora leighi.
Temnora leighi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 287. No. 9 (1915) (Anjouan Island).
Type: <J, Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands, July 15, 1911. G. F. Leigh coll.
285. Temnora albilinea R. & J. = Temnora albilinea.
Temnora albilinea Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 436. No. 4 (1904) (Pungo Andongo).
Type : <?, Pungo Andongo, Angola, June 1875. A. von Homeyer coU.
Since 1904 we have received 2 <J(J, 2 ?? of this species from Entebbe, Uganda ;
and the original series from Pungo Andongo consists also of 2 <J(J and 2 ??.
286. Temnora curtula R. & J. = Temnora curtula.
Temnora curtula Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xv. p. 260. No. 5 (1908) (Entebbe).
Type : $, Entebbe, Uganda. F. J. Jackson coll.
This specimen appears so far the only one on record.
t287. Diodosida uniformis Rothsch. = Temnora zantus (Walk.).
Diodosida unijormis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 72 (1894) (Sierra Leone).
Emjo uniformis Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. 3Ius. Part viii. p. U6. No. 7 (1856) (Sierra Leone).
Type : $, Sierra Leone.
The Tring series, since 1903, has been augmented by 9 (J(?, 7 ?? of this
species from Dim broko and Bingerville, Ivory Coast ; Entebbe, Uganda ; Nguelo,
Usambara, German East Africa ; and Luebo, Kassai, Congo ; from J. Dyot,
G. Melon, H. RoUe, Captain H. B. Rattray, and P. Landbeck.
t288. Lophnron maculatum Rothsch. = Temnora phgiata plagiata Walk.
Lophuron maculatum Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 71 (1894) (Natal).
Temnora plagiata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 105. No. 2 (1856) (Natal).
Type : ?, Natal. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
5 cJcJ and an adult larva have been added to the Tring series, since 1903,
from Cafiraria !, Natal, and Cape Colony ; from IVIiss Barrett and G. F. Leigh.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 233
289. Temnora plagiata Juscata R. & J. = Temnora plagiata fuscata.
Temnora plagiata fuscata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 576. No. 5046. pi. vii.
f.2I(1903)(Kikuyu).
Type : ?, Kikuyu Escarpment, British East Africa, 6,500-9,000 ft., January
1901. W. Doherty coll.
This appears to be still unique.
290. Temnora rattrayi Rothsch. = Temnora raftrayi.
Temnnra rattrayi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 437. No. 6 (1904) (Kampala).
Type : c?, Kampala, Uganda. Captain H. B. Rattray coll.
1 (J from Entebbe, Uganda, has come to hand since 1904.
291. Temnora wollastoni R. & J. = Temnora wollastoni.
Temnora wollastoni Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xv. p. 260. No. 3 (1908) (Luluaburg).
Paratype : ?, Luluaburg, Kassai, Congo. P. Landbeck coll.
292. Temnora stigma R. & J. = Temnora stiijma.
Temnora stigma Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 811. No. 769 (between Addis
Abeba and Kismayo).
Type : ?, Between Addis Abeba and Kismayo, Abyssinian Somaliland.
Carlo von Erlanger coll.
This is still unique.
293. Temnora elegans polia R. & J. = Temnora elegans polia.
Temnora elegans polia Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 437. No. 5 (1904) (Pungo Andongo).
Type : S, Pungo Andongo, Angola, July 1875. Major A. von Homeyer coll.
We have received 3 SS from Bihe, Angola and Uganda, from Sir F. Jackson,
since 1904.
294. Temnora palpalis R. & J. = Temnora palpalis.
Temnora palpalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 579. No. 510. pi. vii. f. 19 (1903)
(Antanamb^).
Type : cJ, Antanambe, Bale d'Antongil, Madagascar, March— April 1897.
A. Mocquerys coU.
295. Temnora angulosa R. & J. = Temnora angulosa.
Temnora angulosa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 182. No. 9 (1906) (Kassai).
Type : ?, Luluaburg Kassai, Congo, September 1902 (P. Landbeck coll.).
A second ? has come to hand, since 1906, from Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons,
from L. G. Bates, per W. F. Rosenberg.
234 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 19 9.
t296. Pterogon clementsi Rothsch. = Temnora iapygoides (Holl.).
Ptcrogon clementsi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 69 (1894) (Sierra Leone).
Oc'jton iapygoides Holland, Trans. Amer. Enlom. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 60. No. 8. t. 2. f. 5 (1889) (Benita.
Gaboon).
Type : <J, Sierra Leone, 1892. Dr. Clements coll.
The Tring Museum ha.s received 4 <S<S 7 2? of this species since 1903, from
Takwa, Gold Coast ; and Sierra Leone ; from Major Bainbridge, Captain Berne,
Captain Stevens, and R. E. James ; and from the Sesse Islands, Uganda ; and
Bopoto, Upper Congo ; from Rev. Kenred Smith, etc.
297. Temnora pylades R. & J. = Temnora pykides.
Temnora pylades Rothschild & Jordan, Sov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 583. No. 517 (1903) (Natal).
Type : J, Natal.
We have received 3 o'o and 7 ??, since 1903, from Transkei, Cape Colony ;
George, Cape Colony ; and West Pondoland ; from Miss Barrett, Dr. Brauns,
and H. H. Swinny.
298. Lopburon pseudopylas Rothsch. = Temnora pseudopylas pseiidopylas.
iopAuron pseudopyia* Rothschild, iVor. Zooi. vol. i. p. 71. (1894) (hab. ? ).
Type : ^, Loc. ?
We have added to the Tring series 11 <J(J, 7 ?? from Nairobi, and tlie Kikuyu
Escarpment, Uganda ; Ukami, German East Africa ; Nygeleni Distr., N. Pondo-
land ; and Transkei and other places. Cape Colony ; from Sir F. J. Jackson,
W. Doherty, H. RoUe, H. H. Swinny, and Miss Barrett.
299. Temnora leptis R. & J. = Temnora leptis.
Temnora leptis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 584. No. 519 (1903) (Sierra Leone).
Type : cJ, Sierra Leone.
2 ?? have been added to the Tring series, since 1903, from Sierra Leone;
and Rutiti Torn, tfganda ; from Captain Berne and Dr. Ansorge.
300. Pterogon lasti Rothsch. = Temnoropais kisti.
Pterogon lasti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 70. t. 5. f. 5 (1894) (Madagascar).
Type : <J, S.W. Madagascar. Last coll. Received through Mr. Henley
Grose Smith.
301. Polyptychus eriangeri R. & J. = Polyptychus erkmgeri.
Polyptychus eriangeri Rothschild & Jordan, Nnv. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 811. No. 770 (1903) (Wahe
Mane).
Type: tj, Dahele, Abyssinian Somaliland, April 25, 1901. Carlo von
Erlanger coll.
302. Odontosida eriangeri R. & J. = Odontosida eriangeri.
OdorUosida eriangeri Rothschild & Jordan. Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl p. 811. No. 770 (1903) (Webi
Maki, loc. err.).
Type : <^, Wahi Mane, April 1, 1901. Carlo von Erlanger coll.
In the original description we erroneously gave as locality Webi Maki.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 235
303. Smerinthus pusillus Feld. = Odontosida pusillus.
Smerinthus pusillus Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 82. f. 1 (1874) (Kaffraria).
Type : cJ, Tsomo River, Kaffraria, South Africa. R. Trimen coll. ex coll.
Felder.
t304. Lophuron pulcherrimum Rothsch. = Odontosida pusillus (Feld.).
Lophuron pulcherrimum Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 70 (1894) (Namaqualand).
Smerinthus pusillus Felder, vide antea.
Type : ?, Namaqualand. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
We have received 4 <J(J of Odontosida pusillus, since 1903, from Transkei,
Cape Colony ; from Miss Barrett.
305. Lophuron magniiicum Rothsch. = Odontosida magnificum.
Lophuron magnificvm Rotlischild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 71. t. 5. f. 7 (1894) (Little Namaqualand).
Type : ?, Little Namaqualand, S.W. Africa. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
7 (JcJ, 11 $? of this species have been added to the Tring series since 1903,
from Transkei and Amshaw, Cape Colony ; from ]\Iiss Barrett.
C06. Sphingonaepiopsis ansorgei Rothsch. = Sphingonaepiopsis ansorgei.
Sphingonaepiopsis ansorgei Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 438. No. 7 (1904) (Mikenga).
Type : S, Mikenga, Angola, September 14th, 1903. Dr. Ansorge coll.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1904, 4 SS of this species from N.
West Rhodesia ; and Bihe, Angola ; from H. Dollmann and others.
307. Eurypteryx molucca Feld. = Eurypteryx molucca.
Eurypteryx molucca Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 76. f. 1 (1874) (Ternate).
Type : ?, Ternate, Moluccas, ex coll. Felder.
We have received 1 cJ, 1 ? of this rare specie,s since 1903, from Amboina ;
and Waigeu Island, Papuan Islands ; from Pratt and Waterstradt.
308. Eurypteryx sheliordi R. & J. = Eurypteryx shelfordi.
Eurypteryx shelfordi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 813. No. 772 (1903) (Kuching).
Type : 2, Kuching, Borneo, December 1896. R. Shelford coll.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, a c? of this species from W.
Sumatra, from Herr H. Fruhstorfer.
309. Antinephele lunulata R. & J. = Antinephele lunulata.
Antinephele lunulata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 598. No. 539. pi. vi. B. 16, 17
(1903) (Mikindani).
Type : cJ, Mikindani , German East Africa, January — May 1897. Reimer coll.
1 cJ has reached Tring, since 1903, from Moyambe, Sierra Leone, from
D. Cator.
236 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
310. Hypaedalia butleri Rothsch. = Hypaedalia butleri.
Hypaedalia bulleri Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 69. t. 6. f. 4 (1894) (Aburi).
Type : ?, Aburi, Ashanti, West Africa. Received from Watkins and Don-
caster.
We have received, since 1903, 7 (JcJ, 4 ?? of this species from Entebbe, and
Kampala, Uganda ; from Captain Rattray, and Sir F. H. Jackson.
311. Proserpinus juanita oslari R. & J. = Proserpinus jnanita oslari.
Proserpinus juanita oslari Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. is. Suppl. p. 610. No. 5515 (1903)
(Verde River).
' Type : S, Verde River, Arizona, June 1902. Oslar coll.
S (?(J, 4 ?? have been added to the Tring series from Arizona ; from Oslar.
t312. Macroglossa burmanica Rothsch. = Macroglossum gyians (Walk.).
Macroglossa burmanica Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 68. t. 5. f. 3 (1894) (Minbu).
Macroglossa gijrans Walker, Lisl Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 91. No. 11 (1856) (Madras, etc.).
Type : o, Minbu, Burma. Received from Messrs. Watkins and Doncaster.
8 specimens have come to hand, since 1903, from various localities in India,
from the collection of H. J. Elwes.
313. Macroglossum fruhstorferi latifascia R. & i.^ Macroglossum fruhstorferi
latijascia.
Macroglossum. jrulistorjeri latijascia Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 639. No. 5746.
pi. vi. f. 6(1903)(Obi).
Type : ?, Laiwui, Obi, September 1897. W. Doherty coll.
t314. Macroglossa similis Rothsch. = Macroglossum vacillans (Walk.).
Macroglossa similis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 68 (1894) (Oinainisa).
Macroglossa vacillans Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 27 (1864) (Timor).
Type: S. Oinainisa, Dutch Timor, November — December 1891. W.
Doherty coll.
t315. Macroglossa pseudogyrans Rothsch. = Macroglossum vacillans (Walk.).
Macroglossa vacillans Walk., loc. cil. aniea.
Type : cj, Dili, Portuguese Timor, May 1892. W. Doherty coll.
310. Macroglossum lepidum R. & J. = Macroglossum lepid urn.
Macroglossnm lepidum Rothschild & Jordan, A' of. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 287. pi. x\. £. 5 (1915) (Nias).
Type : cJ, North of Island of Nias.
We have not heard of any others besides the type.
317. Macroglossum castaneum R. & J. = Macroglossum castaneum.
Macroglossum caslanevm, Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Znnl. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 640. No. 576. pi. iii.
f. 16 (1903) (Florida Island).
Type : <J, Florida Island, Solomon Islands, January 1901. A. S. Meek coll.
1 ? from Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands, from A. S. Meek, has been received
at Trmg since 1903.
KOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 19l9. 237
318. Macroglossum insipida papuanum R. & J. = Macroglossum insipida
papuauum.
Macroglossum insipida papuanum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zuol. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 642. No. 5796.
pi. iii. f. 9 (1903) (Fergusson Island).
Type : S, Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, October — November
1894. A. S. Meek coU.
Since 1903 the series at Tring has received 3 (J<J, 1 $ of this form from
Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland ; and Astrolabe Bay, N.E. New Guinea ; from
P. F. Dodd and C. Wahnes.
319. Macroglossum insipida poecilum R. & J. = Macroglossum poecilum.
Macroglossum insipida poecilum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 643. No. 579c.
pi. iii. f. 17 (1903) (Loo Choo Islands).
Type : S, Loo Choo Islands (Riu Kiu Islands).
We have received, since 1903, a third S from Mt. Maropok, Dent Province,
British North Borneo, from the Van de Poll collection, and have come to the
conclusion that poecilum is a distinct species and not a subspecies of insipida.
320. Macroglossum ungues R. & J. = Macroglossum ungues.
Macroglossum ungues Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p, 643. No. 581. pi. iii. f. 7
(1903) (Buru).
Type: <?, Kayeli, Buru, Moluccan Islands, March 1897. W. Doherty coll.
We have received 1 <J, 1 ? of this species since 1903, from Sawangan, North
Celebes ; and Tomia, Toekan Bessi Islands ; from H. Kiihn.
321. Macroglossum stigma R. & J. = Macroglossum stigma.
Macroglossum stigma Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 644. No. 583. pi. iv. f. 15
(1903) (Dorey).
Type : <?, Dorey, Dutch New Guinea, April 1897. W. Doherty coll.
1 ? from Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, from A. S. Meek,
has come to hand since 1903.
322. Macroglossum melas R. & J. = Macroglossum melas.
Macroglossum melas Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 646. No. 585. pi. iii. f. 19
(1903) (Little Kei).
Type : <J, Little Kei, Kei Islands. H. Kiihn coll.
We have received a § from N.E. New Guinea (German New Guinea), from
C. Wahnes, since 1903.
323. Macroglossum moriolum R. & J. = Macroglossum moriolum.
Macroglossum moriolum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 122. No. 15 (1916) (Vella
Lavella).
Type : ?, Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, March 1908. A. S. Meek coll.
324. Macroglossum mediovitta R. & J. = Macroglossum medioviita.
Macroglossum mediovitta Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 647. No. 587. pi. iv. f. 16
(1903) (Okmawa).
Type: (J, Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands, August 1891. Dr. Fritze coll.
23g NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
325. Macroglossum albigutta albigutta R. & J. = Macroglossum albigtitta albigutta.
Macroglossum albigutta albigutta Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. L\. Suppl. p. 647. No. 588a.
pi. iii. f. 2 (1903) (Guadalcanar).
Type : ?, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, March 1901. A. S. Meek coll.
The type remains miique.
326. Macroglossum albigutta floridense R. & J. — Macroglossum albigutta
floridense.
Maoroglossuvi albigutta floridense Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 647. "No. 588!)
(19(13) (Florida Island).
Type : ?, Florida Island , Solomon Islands, January 2nd , 1 90 1 . A. S. Meek coll.
Since 1901 the Tring collection has added 6 <J<J, 3 ?? to the series from
Arawa, Bougainville, Solomon Islands ; from A. S. Meek.
327. Macroglossa dohertyi Rothsch. = Macroglossum dohertyi.
Macroglossa dohertyi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 67. pi. v. f. 2 (1894) (Amboyna).
Type : S, Amboyna, Moluccan Islands, February 1892. W. Doherty coll.
Since 1903 a second <J has come to hand from British New Guinea.
328. Macroglossum hirundo vitiense R. & J. = Macroglossum hirundo vitiense.
Macroglossum hirundo vitiense Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 649. No. 5905
(1903) (Fiji).
Type : cj, Fiji. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
329. Macroglossa lifuensis Rothsch. = Macroglossum hirundo lifuensis.
Macroglossa lifuensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 67 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : 3, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
f330. Ramphoschisma scottiarum Feld. = Macroglossum hirundo errans (Walk.).
Ramphoschisma scottiarum Felder, Beise Novara Lepid. t. 75. f. 8 (1874) (Australia).
Macroglossa errans Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 96. No. 21 (1856) (Moreton Bay).
Type : ?, Rockhampton, ex Museum Godefiroy ex coU. Felder.
t331. Macroglossa belinda Pag. = Macroglossum hirundo errans (SNa^k.).
Macroglossa belinda Pagenstecher, in Chun, Zoologica, vol. x. p. 19. No. 22 (1900) (New Britain).
Macroglossa hirundo Walk., loc. cit. anlea.
Type : ?, Kinigunong, New Britain. Carl Ribbe coU.
332. Macroglossum rectans R. & J. = Macroglossum rectans.
Macroglossum rectans Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 650. No. 591. pi. iv. f. 8
(1903) (Little Kei).
Type : <J, Little Kei, Kei Islands, November 9th, 1897. H. Kiihn coll.
NOVITAtES ZOOLOGICAE XXVT. 1919. 239
t333. Macroglossa inconspicua Rothsch. = Macroglossum jn-ometheus inusitata.
Macroglossa inconspicua Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 68 (1894) (Humboldt Bay).
Macroglossa imisitata Swinh., Cat. Lepid. Het. Oxj. vol. i. p. 6. No. 20 (1892) (Dorey).
Type : ?, Humboldt Bay, N.E. Dutch New Guinea, September— October
1892. W. Doherty coll.
1 ?, from Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland ; from P. F. Dodd, has been added
to the series at Tring since 1903.
334. Macroglossum . nubilum R. & J. = Macroglossum nubilum.
Macroglossum nubilum Rothschild & .Jordan, Nor. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 652. No. 593. pi. iv. f. 17
(1903) (Milne Bay).
Type : S, Mihie Bay, British New Guinea, January 1899. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring Museum, since 1903, has received 2 SS of this species from
Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland ; from P. F. Dodd.
335. Macroglossum variegatum R. & J. = Macroglossum variegatum.
Macroglossum variegatum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 653. No. 594. pi. iii.
f. 13 (1903) (Cherrapunji).
Type : S, Cherrapunji, Assam, ex coll. Swinhoe.
We have added to the Tring series of this species, since 1903, 11 (j(j, 9 $$,
from Perak, Malay Peninsula ; and North Nias, Island of Nias ; from W. Doherty
ex coll. Elwes ; and the Van de Poll collection.
t336. Macroglossa kiushiuensis Rothsch. = Macroglossum saga (Butl.).
Macroglossa kiushiuensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 66 (1894) (Kiushiu).
Type : ?, Kiushiu, Japan. Received from Alfred WaiUey.
337. Macroglossum fritzei R. & J. = Macroglossum fritzei.
Macroglossum fritzei Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 694. No. 597. pi. iii. f. 4 (1903)
(Okinawa).
Type : ?, Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands, July 4th, 1891. Dr. Fritze coll.
This appears to be unique.
338. Macroglossum adustum R. & J. = Macroglossum adustum.
Macroglossum adustum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 122. No. 14 (1916) ( Vella Lavella).
Type : S, Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, March 1908. A. S. Meek coll.
339. Macroglossum semifasciata nigellum R. & J. = Macroglossum semifasciata
nigellum.
Macroglossum semifasciatu nigellum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 122. No. 13 (1916)
(Java).
Type : <J, Java. Piepers coll.
^40 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919,
340. Macroglossum eichhorni R. & J. = Macroglossum eichhorni.
Macroglo3sum eichhorni Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 658. No. 604. pi. iii. f. 14
(1903) (Guadalcanar).
Type : ?, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, March 1901. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring Museum, since 1903, has received 8 (J(J 2 $? of this fine species
from Isabel, Bougainville, and New Georgia Islands, Solomon Islands ; from
A. S. Meek.
341. Macroglossum corythus platyxanthiun R. & J. —Macroglossum corythua
platyxanihum.
Macroglossum corythus platyxanihum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 660. No. 605a.
pi. 4. f. 1(1903) (Okinawa).
Type : S, Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands, August 1891. Dr. Fritze coU.
5 (J (J, 1 $ have come to hand, since 1903, from Ikebata Oshima, Loo Choo
Islands.
342. Macroglossa pylene Feld. = Macroglossum corythus pylene.
Macroglossa pylene Felder, 8itz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xliii. p. 29 (1861) (Amboyna).
Type : ?, Amboyna. DoleschaU coll. ex coU. Felder.
1343. Macroglossa moluccensis Rothsch. = Macroglossum corythus pylene Feld.
Macroglossa moluccensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 67 (1894) (partim ; Batjan).
Macroglossa pylene Felder, loc. cit. antea.
Type : <J, Batjan, Northern Moluccan Islands.
About 20 specimens have been added to the Tring Museum, since 1903,
from Waigeu Island ; Sorong, Dutch New Guinea ; Sudest Island, Louisiade
Islands ; Mount Kebea, S.E. New Guinea ; Stephansort, N.E. New Guinea ;
Ceram, and Batjan, Moluccan Islands ; from E. Stresemann, J. Waterstradt,
A. E. Pratt, and Kunzimann.
344. Macroglossum corythus xanthurus R. & J. = Macroglossum corythus
xanthurus.
Macroglossum corythus xanthurus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. 662. No. 605e
(1903)(Larat).
Type : (J, Larat, Tenimber Islands. H. Kiilin coU.
345. Macroglossum corythus fuscicauda R. & J. = Macroglossum corythus
fuscicauda.
Macroglossum corythus fuscicauda Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 663. No. 605g
(1903) (Lifu).
Type : J, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
346. Macroglossum amoenum R. & J. = Macroglossum amoenum.
Macroglossum amoenum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 121. No. 11 (1916) (Banks
Island).
Type : $, Sungei Liat, Banka Island.
N VITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1913. 241
347. Ramphoschisma rectifascia Feld. = Macroglossum passalus rectifascia.
Ramphoschiama rectifascia Felder, Beise Novara Lepid. t. 75. f. 7 (1874) (Ceylon).
Type : ?, Rambodde, Ceylon. Nietner coll. ex con. Felder.
348. Macroglossum augarra Rothsch. = Macroglossum aiigarra.
Macroglossum augarra Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 438. No. 8 (1904) (Owgarra).
Type : ?, Owgarra, Aroa River, British New Guinea, May 1903. A. S. Meek
coU.
This appears to be still unique.
349. Macroglossum meeki R. & J. = Macroglossum meeki.
Macroglossum meeki Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 666. No. 61 1. pi. iv. f. 2 (1903)
(UOne Bay).
Type : d, Mibie Bay, British New Guinea, February 1899. A. S. Meek coll.
This is still unique.
350. Macroglossum spilonotum R. & J. = Macroglossum spilonotum.
Macroglossum spilonolum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. six. p. 134. No. 6 (1912) (Mt. Goliath).
Type : cj, Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, February 1911.
A. S. Meek coll.
The series at Tring consists of 5 (JcJ.
351. Macroglossum phocinum R. & J. = Macroglossum phocinum.
Macroglossum phocinum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 668. No. 613. pi. iii. f. 1
(1903) (Guadalcanal).
Type : $, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, March 1901. A. S. Meek coll.
So far no further specimens besides the 2 recorded in 1903 have been found.
352. Macroglossum micacea albibase Rothsch. = Macroglossum micacea albibase.
Macroglossum micacea albibase Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xii. p. 79. No. 4 (1905) (Bougainville).
Type : S, Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands, April — May 1904. A. S.
Meek coll.
Since 1905, 1 <J, 1 $ from Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, from A. S. Meek,
have reached Tring. The series from Bougainville consists of 6 (J<?, 3 $$.
The following 6 types have been omitted from their proper sequence.
t353. Tylognathus scriptor Feld. = Aleuron iphis (Walk.).
TylogmUhus scriptor Felder, Beise Novara Lepid. t. 82. f. 4 (1874) (Amazons).
Enyo iphis Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 116. No. 8 (1856) (Brazil).
Type : ?, Amazons. Bates coll. ex coll. Felder.
t354. Daphnis angustans Feld. = Deilephila placida placida (Walk.).
Daphnis angustans Felder, Beise Novara Lepid. t. 76, f. 6 (1874) (Moluccas).
Darapsa placida Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 186. No. 8 (1856) (Sumatra).
Type : cJ, Moluccas. Lorquin coll. ex coll. Felder.
16
242 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
355. Daphnis protrudens Feld. = Deilepkila protritdens.
Daphnis protrudens Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 76. f. 7 (1874) (Moluccas).
Type : ?, Moluccas. Lorquin coll. ex coll. Felder. (In the Erkldrung der
Tafeln, Ixxv. bis cvii. in Reise der Novara, Felder gives the loeaUty of pro-
trudens as Cape of Good Hope (Trimen), but on the specimen is the usual circular
blue label in Felder's writing, " Molucc (Type) Lorquin.")
A ¥ from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, has been added to the Tring
series since 1903.
356. Philampelus dolichoides Feld. = Ampelophuga dolichoides.
Philampdus dolichoides Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 76. f. 8 (1874) (Darjeeling).
Type : ?, Darjeeling, Sikkim. Stoliczka coll. ex coll. Felder.
1 (J, 2 ?? have been added to the series at Tring since 1903, from the Malay
States, etc. ; from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang- Haas, and H. J. Elwes.
357. Sphinx myron Cram. = Ampeloeca myron.
Sphinx myron Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xxi. p. 91. pi. ccxlvii. f. C (1779) (Virginia).
Type : S, Virginia, United States of North America, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius
Van Lennep ex coU. Felder.
t358. Sphinx choerilus Cram. = Darapsa phohis (Cram.).
Sphinx choerilus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xxi. p. 91. pi. ccxlvii. f. A (1779) (Virginia).
tSphinx pholiis Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. fasc. viii. p. 137. pi. Ixxxvii. f. B (1776) (West Indies !).
Type : S, Virginia, United States of North America, ex coll. J. C. Sylvius
Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
t359. Callioma drucei Rothsch. = Xylophanes ploeizi (Moeschler).
Callioma iracet" Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 73 (1894) (Rio Demerara).
Choerocampa (?) ploetzi Moeschler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. xxvi. p. 350. t. 4. f. 35 (1876)
(Surinam).
Type : ?, Rio Demerara, British Guiana. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
The Tring Museum, since 1903, has received 1 S of this rare species from
La Vuelta, Caura River, Venezuela, from S. M. Klages.
360. Tberetra rufescens Rothsch. = Xylophanes rufescens.
Therctra rufescens Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 75. t. vi. f. 1 1 (1894) (British Guiana).
Type : ?, Rio Demerara, British Guiana. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster.
2 cJcJ of this species have been received at Tring, since 1903, from Fonte
Boa, Upper Amazons ; and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru ; from S. M.
Klages and G. Ockenden.
NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXVI. 1919. 243
361. Xylophanes porcus continentalis R. & J. = Xylophanes porcus continentalis.
Xylophanes porcus continerdalis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl, p. 686. No. 631&
(1903) (Rio Dagua).
Type : S, Rio Dagua, Columbia. W. Rosenberg coll.
We have received 17 SS of this species since 1903, from Huatuxco, Vera
Cruz, Mexico ; Tuis and Juan Vinas, Costa Rica ; Zamora, Ecuador ; Caracas,
Venezuela ; and Sapucay and Patino Cue, Paraguay ; from Percy Lathy, WiUiam
Schaus, 0. T. Baron, Watkins and Doncaster, and W. Foster.
362. Darapsa schausi Rothsch. = Xylophanes schaiisi.
Darapsa schausi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 84 (1894) (PetropoUs).
Type : S, Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro. W. Schaus coll.
363. Xylophanes schausi serenus R. & J. = Xylophanes schausi serenus.
Xylophanes schausi serenus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 454. No. 47 (1910) (AUianca).
Type : S, AUianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November —
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
364. Xylophanes juanita R. & J. = Xylophanes jnanita.
Xylophanes juanita Rothschild & Jordan, A'oi;. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 687. No. 634 (1903) (Paso
San Juan).
Type : (J, Paso San Juan, Vera Cruz, Mexico, ex coll. Schaus.
The type and a ? from Bogota have been added to the Tring Museum since
1903.
365. Pergesa fusimacula Feld. = Xylophanes fvsimacula.
Pergesa fusimacula Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. p. 8. t. 76. f. 4 (1874) (Brazil).
Type : ?, Brazil, ex coll. Felder.
We have added, since 1903, .5 SS, 1 9, to the Trmg Museum from Maroni,
French Guiana ; and La Oroya, Rio Inambari ; and La Union, Rio Huacamayo,
S.E. Peru ; from E. Le Moult and G. R. Ockenden.
366. Xylophanes undata R. & J. = Xylopluines undata.
Xylophanes undata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 688. No. 637 (1903) (Chuchuras).
Paratype : ?, Chuchuras, Peru. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas. (This is also paratype of Gonenyo irrorata Rothsch. nom. praeoc. Type
of both names in coU. Staudinger in Mus. Berlin.)
Since 1903 the Tring series has been increased by 11 cJ<J, 4 $$, from Juan
Vinas, Costa Rica ; Muzo, Columbia ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, and La
Union, Rio Huacamayo ; and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru ; from W. Schaus,
A. L. Fassl, S. M. Klages, and G. R. Ockenden.
367. Xylophanes rhodina R. & J. = Xylophanes rhodina.
Xylophanes rhodina Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 689. No. 638. pi. ii. f. 13 (1903)
(Chiriqui).
Type : <?, Chiriqui, Panama.
We have received 2 cJc? of this species since 1903, also from Chiriqui ; from
Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas.
16*
244 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
368. Xylophanes media R. & J. = Xylophanes media.
Xylophanes media Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 691. No. 642. pi. ii. f. 1 (1903)
(Aroa, Venezuela loc. err., Rio Demerara).
Type : ?, Rio Demerara, British Guiana. Received from Watkins and
Doncaster. In our " Revision " in 1903 we erroneously stated that this specimen
was from Aroa, Venezuela.
Since 1903, 2 o <J have been received at TrLng from Santo Domingo, Carabaya,
and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru ; from G. R. Ockenden.
369. Xylophanes guianensis Rothsch. = Xylophanes guianensis.
Xylophanes guianensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 77 (1894) (British Guiana).
Type : ?, Christianburg, British Guiana. W. EUacombe coll. Received
from Watkins and Doncaster.
We have added to the Tring series 4 S3, 3 ??, since 1903, from Kouron, and
Maroni, French Guiana ; Chiriqui, Panama ; Zamora, Ecuador ; and George-
town, British Guiana ; from E. Le Moult, 0. T. Baron, and the Rev. Whitford.
370. Sphinx anubus Cram. = Xylophanes anuhus.
Sphinx amibvs Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xi. p. 46. pi. cxxvii'. f. C (1777) (Surinam).
Cotype : ?, ex coU. J. C. Sylvius Van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
371. Xylophanes amadis meridanus R. & J. = Xylophanes amadis meridanus.
Xylophanes amadis meridanus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 459. No. 7 (1910) (Merida).
Type : cj, Merida, Venezuela, May 1900. Briceno coll.
t372. Theretra staudingeri Rothsch. = Xylophanes a^nadis cyrene (Druce).
Therelra staudingeri Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 76 (1894) (Chiriqui).
Choerocampa cyreneDrace, Biol. Cenlr. Amer. Lepid. Het. vol. i. p. 11. No. 13. t. i. f. 5 (1881) (Chiriqui).
Type : cJ, Chiriqui, Panama. Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas.
2 (?(?, 5 ?? have reached Tring, since 1903, from Juan Vinas, Costa Rica ;
and Chiriqui, Panama ; from W. Schaus, and Watkins.
373. Theretra stuarti Rothsch. = Xylophanes aniadis stuarti.
Theretra stuarti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 665 (1894) (Rio Cachyaco).
Type : ?, Rio Cachyaco Iquitos, Peruvian Amazons. C. Maxwell Stuart coll.
Since 1903 the Trhig Museum has received 5 cJtJ, 3 $? of this form from
Rio Songo, Buenavista ; and Prov. Sara, East BoUvia ; and Chanchamayo and
Rio Tabaconas, Peru ; from A. E. and F. Pratt, Messrs. Staudmger and Bang-
Haas, Jose Steinbach, and A. H. Fassl.
374. Xylophanes acrus R. & J. = Xylophanes acrus.
Xylophones acrus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 458. No. 5 (1910) (Chiriqui).
Type : o, Chiriqui, Panama. Received from Messrs. Staudmger and Bang-
Haas.
1 (J has been added to the coUeotion at Tring from Juan Vinas, Costa Rica ;
from W. Schaus.
NovitATEs ZooLoaicAE XXVI. 1919. 245
375. Xylophanes cosmius R. & J. = Xylophanes cosmius cosmius.
Xylophanes cosmius Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 183. No. 12 (1906) (La Union).
Type : <J, La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 2,000 ft., Novem-
ber 1904. G. R. Ockenden coll.
We have received, since 1906, 5 (J(J of this species from Yahuarmayo and
La Union, Rio Huacamayo, S.E. Peru ; and Rio Tabaconas, N. Peru ; from
A. E. and P. Pratt, G. R. Ockenden, and H. and C. Watldns.
376. Xylophanes cosmius obscurus R. & J. = Xylophanes cosmius obscurus.
Xylophanes cosmius obscurus Rothschild & Jordan, ^ow. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 455. No. 48 (1910) ( AUianca).
Type : ?, Allianca below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November-
December 1907. W. Hoffmanns coll.
Since 1910 we have received 1 $ of this form from Manaos, Brazil ; from
Rev. A. Miles Moss.
377. Xylophanes ockendeni Rothsch. = Xylophanes ockendeni.
Xylophanes ockendeni Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xi. p. 439. No. 9 (1904) (Santo Domingo).
Type : <J, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6,000 ft., October 1902.
G. R. Ockenden coll.
This appears to be still unique.
378. Xolophanes rhodochlora R. & J. = Xylophanes rhodochlora.
Xylophanes rhodochlora Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 700. No. 653 (1903) (Santo
Domingo).
Type : S, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6,000 ft., Jmie 1902.
G. R. Ockenden coll.
14 <J5, 1 ? have been added to the series at Tring from Santo Domingo, and
the Rio Sincuri, S.E. Peru ; from G. R. Ockenden.
379. Xylophanes rhodotiis Rothsch. = Xylophanes rhodotus.
Xylophanes rhodotus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. si. p. 440. No. 10 (1904) (Santo Domingo).
Type : <J, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6,000 ft., July 1902. G. R.
Ockenden coll.
380. Xylophanes resta R. & J. = Xylophanes resta.
Xylophanes resta Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 702. No. 656 (1903) (Merida).
Type : cJ, Merida, Venezuela. Briceno coll.
12 ^<J, 2 ?? have reached Tring, since 1903, from Merida, Venezuela ;
Tucuman ; and Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru ; from G. R. Ockenden,
Jose Steinbach, and Briceno.
381. Xylophanes fosteri R. & J. = Xylophanes fosteri.
Xylophanes fosteri Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 182. No. 10 (1906) (Sapucay).
Type : ^, Sapucay, Paraguay, October 4th, 1903. W. Foster coll.
One ? has been added to the original pair, also from Sapucay, December
1904. W. Foster.
246 NOVITATES ZOOI-OGICAE XXVI. 1919.
382. Xylophanes dolius R. & J. = Xylophanes dolius.
Xylophancs dolius Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 183. No. 11 (1906) (Zamora).
Type : cJ, Zamora, Ecuador, 3,000—4,000 ft. 0. T. Baron coll.
t383. Theretra perviridis Rothsch. = Xylophanes elara (Druce).
Theretra perviridis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 77. t. v. f. 12 (1894) (Aroa).
Choerocatnpa elara Druce, Entom, Mo. Mag. vol. xiv. p. 249 (1878) (Paraguay).
Type : <J, Aroa, Venezuela. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
Since 190;> we have received 4 (Jo, 3 S? of this rare species from Georgetown,
and Potaro, British Guiana ; La Union, Rio Huacamayo, S.E. Peru ; Buenavista,
East Bolivia ; Sapucay, Paraguay ; and JoinviUe, Sta Catharina ; from Rev.
Whitford, S. M. Klages, G. R. Ockenden, Jose Steinbach, and W. Foster.
t384. Theretra olivacea Rothsch. = Xylophanes isaon (Boisd.).
Theretra olivacea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 77 (1894) (Sao Paulo).
Choerocampa isaon Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lepid. Met. vol. i. p. 272. No. 65 (1875) (Brazil).
Type : cJ, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
3 cJtJ, 2 9? have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from Rio Grande
do Sul.
385. Xylophanes pyrrhus R. & J. = Xylophanes pyrrhns.
Xylophanes pyrrhus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 185. No. 15 (1906) (Santo Domingo).
Type : cj, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6,500 ft., January 1903.
G. R. Ockenden coll.
The series at Tring consists of 46 <?<?, 10 $?, from Sto Domingo, Tinguri,
La Oroya, and Oconeque, S.E. Peru ; and Merida, Venezuela ; from Briceno and
G. R. Ockenden.
386. Xylophanes chiron lucianus R. & J. = Xylophanes chiron lucianus.
Xylophones chiron lucianus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 184. No. 13 (1906) (Santa
Lucia).
Type : ?, Santa Lucia, West Indies. Selwyn Branch coll.
387. Xylophanes chiron cubanus R. & J. = Xylophanes chiron cubanus.
Xylophanes chiron cubanus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 185. No. 14 (1906) (Cuba).
Type : <?, Holguin, Cuba. Tollin coU.
The series at Tring at present consists of 27 <S<S, 1 ??, from Holguin and
Bayate, Santiago da Cuba, and Eastern Cuba ; all from Tollin.
388. Chaerocampa hystrix Feld. = Phanoxyla hystrix.
Chaerocampa hystrix Felder, lieise Nomra Lepid. t. 76. f. 5 (1874) (Amazons).
Type : <?, Amazons. Bates coll. ex coll. Felder.
The Tring Museum has received, since 1903, i 3^ from Macas, E. Ecuador ;
Rio Jurua, Amazons ; and Teffe, Amazons ; from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-
Haas, and the Museo Goeldi.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICiLE XXVI. 1919. 247
389. Deilephila wilsoni Rothsch. = Celerio wilsoni.
Deilephila wilsoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 83 (1894) (Hawaii).
Type : ?, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands (Sandwich Islands) (Scott Wilson coll.).
In our " Revision " this specimen was erroneously stated to be a 3.
1 (J has been received at Tring, since 1903, from Hawaii ; from H. Fruhstorfer.
390. Celerio calida hawaiiensis R. & J. = Celerio calida hawaiiensis.
Celerio calida hawaiiensis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 290. No. 12 (1915) (Hawaii).
Type : 9, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands (Sandwich Islands). Henry
Palmer coll.
391. Celerio euphorbiae conspicua R. & J. = Celerio euphorbiae conspicita.
Celerio euphorbiae conspicua Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 720. No. 674e (1903)
(Beirut).
Type : S, Beirut, Syria. Received from Mons. Alfred Wailly.
19 (J (J, 17 ?$ and 2 larvae have been added to the TrLng series from Haifa
and Beirut, Syria ; from F. Lange and others.
t392. Sphinx daucus Cram. = Celerio lineata lineata (Fabr.).
Sphinx daucus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. fasc. xi. p. 41. pi. cxxv. f. D. (1777) (N. America).
Cotype : ? ex coll. J. C. Sylvius van Lennep ex coll. Felder.
393. Chaerocina dohertyi R. & J. = Chaerocina dohertyi.
Chaerocina dohertyi Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 742. No. 692. pi. vi. f. 5 (1903
(Kikuyu).
Type : <J, Kikuyu Escarpment, British East Africa, 6,500—9,000 ft., March
1901. W. Doherty coll.
t394. Panacra pseudovigil Rothsch. = Hippotion velox (Fabr.).
Panacra vigil Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 80 (1894) (hab. ?).
Sphinx velox Fabricius, Entom. Syst. vol. iii. Part 1. p. 378. No. 68 (1793) ( ? ).
Type (J, hab. ?
395. Panacra lifuensis Rothsch. = Hippotion velox (Fabr.) ab. lifuensis.
Panacra Ujuensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool, vol. i. p. 79 (1894) (Liiu).
Type : ?, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
t396. Panacra griseola Rothsch. = Hippotion velox (Fabr.) ab. griseola.
Panacra griseola Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 80 (1894) (Lifu).
Sphinx velox Fabricius, loc. cit. antea.
Type : S, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
397. Panacra rosea Rothsch. = Hippotion velox (Fabr.) ab. rosea.
Panacra rosea Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 79. pi vi. f. 14 (1894) (Lifu).
Type : ?, Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
248 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
398. Hippotion commatum R. & J. = Hippotion commatum.
Hippotion commatum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. sxii. p. 290. No. 13. pi. xx. f. 3 (1915)
(Rook Island).
Type : cJ, Rook Island, Papuan Islands, July 1913. A. S. Meek coll.
399. Hippotion aporodes R. & J. = Hippotion aporodes.
Hippotion aporodes Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xis. p. 135. No. 7 (1912) (Bibianaha).
Paratype : <J, Bibianaha, Gold Coast, West Africa, 70 miles N.W. of Dimkwa,
700 ft., October 23rd, 1909. H. G. F. Spurrell coll.
400. Hippotion aurora R. & J. = Hippotion aurora aurora.
H»ppo<io» aurora Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 812. No. 771 (1903) (Diego Suarez).
Type : ?, Diego Suarez, Madagascar. Received from Mons. H. Donckier.
We received a <J from Diego Suarez from Mons. Donckier some years later.
401. Hippotion dexippus Fawc. = Hippotion dexippus.
Bippotion dexipptis 'Fa.wcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1915, vol. i. p. 108. No. 100. pi. ii. f. 25 (Kedai).
Type : <?, Kedai, British East Africa, November 25th, 1911. W. Feather coll.
The foUowing 2 types were omitted from their correct sequence.
402. Hippotion diyllus Fawc. = Pergesa diyllus.
Hippotion diyllus Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1915, vol. i. p. 109. No. 101. pi. ii. f. 23 (Kedai).
Type: <J, Kedai, British East Africa, November 25, 1911. W. Feather coll.
f403. Theretra ciossi Rothsch. = Hippotion irregularis (Walk.).
Theretra crossi Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. iii. p. 22. No. 3 (1896) (Assaba).
Pergesa irregularis Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 152. No. 4 (1856) (W. Africa).
Type : <J, Assaba, Niger. Dr. Cross coll.
We have received 8 SS, 7 $9 of this species since 1903, from Agberi, Niger ;
East Nigeria ; Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons ; Abonga River, Gaboon ; Upper
Congo ; and Entebbe and Kampala, Uganda ; from Dr. Ansorge, G. L. Bates,
Rev. Bentley, Sir F. Jackson, and Colonel Rattray.
404. Theretra radiosa R. & J. = Theretra radiosa.
Theretra radiosa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiii. p. 263. No. 32 (1916) (Goodenough).
Type : o, Goodenough Island, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, 2,500 — 4,000 ft.
May 1913. A. S. Meek coll.
The Tring series contains 6 (?<?, 11 $?.
1405. Theretra Ufuensis Rothsch. = Theretra clotho celata (Butl.).
'ira lijutnsis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 78 (1894) (Lifu).
■ocampa celata Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1872, p. 472 (Cape York).
Type: (J, Lifu, Lojalty Islands. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 249
406. Theretra incamata R. & J. = Theretra incarnala.
Therelra incamata Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 770. No. 723. pi. vi. f. 12 (1903)
(Sumba).
Type : ?, Sumba Island, Malay Archipelago. Native coU.
t407. Theretra obUterata Rothsch. = Theretra jugurtha (Boisd.).
Theretra obliterata Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 75 (1894) (Sierra Leone).
Chaerocampa jugurtha Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lepid. Het. vol. i. p. 256. No. 39 (1875) (Senegal).
Type : (J, Sierra Leone.
3 (JcJ, 1 ? have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from Prestea,
inland from Sekondi, Gold Coast ; Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons ; and Entebbe,
Uganda ; from Colonel Rattray and L. G. Bates.
408. Theretra eajus perkeo R. & J. = Theretra cajm perkeo.
Theretra cajus perkeo Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 781. No. 735a (1903)
(Ogrugu).
Type : o^, Ogrugu, Niger.
The Trmg Museum has received 9 SS, 7 ?? of this form, since 1903, from
Gambaga, Gold Coast ; Lagos, Nigeria ; Kaolak, Senegal ; and Konakry, French
Guinea ; from Dr. Bury, G. Melon, and others.
t409. Panacra buruensis Rothsch. = Theretra brunnea (Semper).
Panacra buruensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. vi. p. 69. No. 7 (1899) (Mt. Mada).
Chaerocampa brunnea Semper, Schmett. Philip, vol. ti. p. 400. No. 40. t. 52. £. 1 (1896) (S.E. Mindanao).
Type : ?, Mt. Mada, Burn, Moluccan Islands. Dumas coll.
4 (J (J have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from Biagi, Mambare
River, British New Guinea ; Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., and Mt. Goliath, Snow
Mts., Dutch New Guinea ; from A. S. Meek and A. E. Pratt.
410. Theretra insignis kuehni R. & J. = Theretra insignis kuehni.
Theretra insignis kuehni Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 786. No. 7416 (1903)
(Dammer).
Type : <J, Dammer Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malay Archipelago,
December 27th, 1898. H. Kuhn coll.
t411. Panacra natalensis Rothsch. = Theretra orpheus orpheus (Herr.-Sch.).
Panacra natalensis RothschUd, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 79. t. 5. f. 13 (1894) (Natal).
Chaerocampa orpheus Herrich-Schaefier, Ausseur. Schmelt. f. 104 (Cape of Good Hope).
Type : 3, Natal.
412. Theretra orpheus intensa R. & J. = Theretra orpheus interna.
Theretra orpheus intensa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 788. No. 743c (1903)
(Comoro Islands).
Paratype : S, Grande Comore, Comoro Islands, 1894. L. Humblot coll.
Since 1903 we have received 3 cJtJ of this form from Grand Comoro Island,
from G. F. Leigh.
250 NOVITATES ZOOLOOlCAi; XXVI. 1919.
413. Theretra orpheus scotinus R. & J. = Theretra orpheus scotinus.
Theretra orpheus scotinus Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 294. No. 7. pi. xx. f. 6 (1915)
(Nigeria).
Paratype : (J, Ilesha, South Nigeria. (Captain L. E. H. Hiunfrey coll.)
Exchanged from the British Museum.
f414. Panaora butleii Rothsch. = Ehyncholaha actevs (Cram.).
Panacra bulleri Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 80 (1894) (Asia Orien talis).
Sphinx actaeus Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. fasc. xxi. p. 93. pi. ccxiviii. f. A (1779) (Samarang, Java).
Type : ?, As. Or. Coll. Carstanjen = v.
415. Rhagastis rubetra R. & J. = Rhagastis ruhetra.
Rhagastis rubetra Rothscliild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 95. No. 7 (1907) (Nias Island).
Type : (J, Island of Nias.
416. Rhagastis coniusa R. & J. = Rhagastis conjusa.
Rhagastis conjusa Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 795. No. 753. pi. xiv. £. 12 (1903)
(Khasia Hills).
Type : 3, Khasia HiUs, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
14 S3, 4 ?? have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from Sikkim
and DarjeeUng ; from F. Moller and Otto Moller ex coll. Elwes.
t417. Metopsilus aurantiacus Rothsch. = Rhagastis castor (Walk.).
Metopsilus aurantiacus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 78 (1894) (hab. ?).
Pergesa castor Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 153. No. 5 (1850) (Java).
Type : ?, hab. ?, ex coll. Felder.
418. Chaeroacampa lunata Rothsch. = Rhagastis lunata lunata.
Chaerocampa lunata Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. vii. p. 274. No. 3. pi. vi. f. 8 (1900) (Khasia Hills).
Type : cj, Khasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
We have added 2 (J<J from Khasia Hills, Assam, to the Tring series since 1903.
419. Rhagastis lunata sikkimensis R. & J. = Rhagastis lunata sikkimensis.
Rhagastis lunata sikkimensis Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 797. No. 7556
(1903) (Sikkim).
Type : S, Sikkim, May 22, 1889. G. Pilcher coll.
420 . Metopsilus albomarginatus Rothsch. = Rhagastis albomarginatus
alhomarginat us.
Metopsilus albomarginatus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 78 (1894) (Khasia Hills).
Type : S, Khasia Hills, Assam. Received from Watkins and Doncaster.
10 (J (J, 3 ?? have been received at Tring since 1903, from Gopaldhara,
Rungron Valley, Sikkim ; DarjeeUng, Sikldm ; and Shillong, Assam ; from
W. K. Webb, F. Moller, and H. Fruhstorfer.
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 251
421. Rhagastis albcmarginatus everetti R. & J. = Rhagastis albomarginatvx
everetti.
Rhagastis albomarginatus everetti Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 799. No. 7586
(1903) (Kina Balu).
Type : ?, Mount Kina Balu, North Borneo. A. Everett coll.
t422. Theretra catori Rothsch. = Cechenena aegrota (Butl.) ?.
Theretra catori Rothschild, Nov Zool. vol. i. p. 75 (1894) (N. Borneo).
Pergesa aegrota Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1875, p. 246. No. 19 (Silhet).
Type : ?, N. Borneo. D. Cator coll.
1423. Daphnis chimaera Rothsch. = Cechenena aegrota (Butl.) <?.
Daphnis chimaera Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 86. t. 6. f. 16 (1894) (Borneo).
Pergesa aegrota Butler, loc. cit. arUea.
Type : (J, Borneo.
1 ? of Cechenena aegrota has come to hand since 1903, from Malay Peninsula.
t424. Philampelus orientalis Feld. = Cechenena fiehps (Walk.).
Philampelus orientalis Felder, Reise Novara Lepid. t. 77. f. 1 (1874) (Java).
Philampelus helops Walker, List Lepid. Ins . Brit. Mus. Part viii. p. 180. No. 12 (1856) (Natal ! loc. err.).
Type : ?, Java (Van de CapeUen), ex coU. Felder.
We have received 1 (J, 4 ?? of this species since 1903, from Lakimpoor, Assam ;
Central Sumatra, and Perak ; from H. Stevens and others.
425. Cechenena helops papuana R. & J. = Cechenena helops papuana.
Cechenena helops papuana Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. Suppl. p. 802. No. 7626 (1903)
(Milne Bay).
Type : <?, Mibie Bay, British New Guinea, November 1898. A. S. Meek coll.
7 <JcJ, 2 VV of this form have been added to the Tring series since 1903, from
Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea ; and Oetakwa River, Snow Mts.,
and Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea ; from A. S. Meek and A. E.
Pratt.
t426. Theretra striata Rothsch. = Cechenena minor (Butl.).
Theretra striata Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. i. p. 76 (1894) (Japan).
Chaerocampa minor Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1875, p. 249. No. 30 (Masuri).
Type : <J, Japan.
3 <JJ, 1 $ have been received at Tring since 1903, from Sikkim ; from
O. Moller ex coll. Elwes.
Of the 426 types recorded in this hst, 15 are cotypes or paratypes and 66
are types of synonyms.
Those marked with a f before the number are synonyms. The name on
the left after the number is the name under which the insect was described, that
on the right in italics is the correct name.
LEPIDOPTERA
COLLECTED BY THE
British Ornithologists' Union and Woliaston Expeditions in
the Snow Mountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea
WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
(LORD ROTHSCHILD)
PRICE: £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers).
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPH INGIDAE
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
AND
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: £5 (less 20% to Booksellers).
cxixv and 972 pages, with 67 Plates.
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Price of completed Volumes, £1 10s. Volume XXV. and followimj issues, £1 Jos.
(Commission for Booksellers on completed volumes only.)
Communications, etc., may be addressed to
THE EDITORS OF " NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE,"
ZOOLOOICAL MUSEUM,
TRING.
Subscribers should give notice of the non-arrival of any numbers immediately upon receipt
of the succeeding pari, otherv\/ise the missing numbers cannot be replaced free.
rRlKTEJ} BY UAZCLL, WAiniON ANI> visev, LU,, LOMDOM .VND AYLESBUVT.
NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H journal of XooioQ^.
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and Dr. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XXVI.
No. 2.
Pages 253-358.
Plates I.— VI.
Issued -January 20th, 1920, at the Zoological Museu.m, Thing.
I'RINTED BY HAZELL, WATSOK & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1920.
Vol. XXVI.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. II.
PAGES
1. ON NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF i£P/-
DOPTERA PHALAENAE, WITH THE
CHARACTERS OF TWO NEW FAJIILIES
Sir George F. Hampson . 253—282
2. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE
OF THE NEUROPTEROUS INSECTS
OF ALGERIA (Illustrated) . . . Lonyinus Xavas . 283—290
3. SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS SURNI-
CULVS E. C. Stuart Baker . 291—294
4. THE PAPILIOS OF PARA (Plates II -IV) Pev. A. Miles Moss . 295—319
5. A GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE TO SHOW THE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMERICAN
PAPILIOS W.J.Kaye . . 320—355
■6. ALGERIAN LEPIDOPTERA (Explanation
OF Figures on Plate I) . . . Lord Rothschild . 356 — 357
7. EXPLANATIONS OF PLATES V AND VI Ernst Harlert . . 358
<^-^
k5^
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XXVI. JANUARY 1920. No. H.
ON NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA PHA-
LAENAE, WITH THE CHARACTERS OF TWO NEW FAMILIES.
By sir GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Bakt.
AMATIDAE. ,
299c. Paramelisa doUmani n. sp. '>
cj. Head and tegulae creamy white, the latter orange-yellow at base and
tips, the antennae brown, white at base, thorax pale red- brown tinged with
grey ; abdomen with the two basal segments red-brown tinged with grey, the
basal segment with minute subdorsal orange-scarlet spots, the other segments
white, the 4th to 6th with subdorsal orange-scarlet bands edged with black -
behind, the 7th segment edged with orange-scarlet behind, the anal segment
orange ; pectus and fore femora behind orange-yellow, the fore tibiae and tarsi
tinged with red-brown, the mid and hind femora orange above with some scarlet
at extremities, the tibiae at extremities and tarsi, except at base, tinged with
red-brown ; ventral surface of abdomen white, with some scarlet and orange-
yellow at base, a ventral series of small blackish spots, the anal tuft orange-yellow
below (the tuft of hair at extremity of abdomen worn off). Forewing pale red-
brown tinged with grey, the termen white towards tornus. Hindwing white,
slightly tinged with red-brown. Underside of forewing with the costa whitish
towards base, the whole area below the cell and vein 4 white ; hindwing white.
$. Head orange- yellow behind, the tegulae, thorax, and two basal segments
of abdomen dark red-brown, the last with scarlet line at base, the 4th, 5th, and
6th segments grey-brown in front of the bands, and the two terminal segments
grey-brown, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments with some orange- 3'ellow on dorsum,
and the 6th with scarlet spot, the anal tuft tipped with orange ; pectus brown ;
wings uniform dark red- brown, tinged with grey above and below.
Hob. N.-W. Ehodesia, Solwezi (H. Dollman), 1 cJ, 1 $ type. Exp. ^ 38,
$ 44 mill.
p. 178. Xanthyda n. n.
The type of Hydu Wlk. is singularis, and the name has priority over
Chrysostola Herr. Schiiff. 1856.
17 253
254 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
74oa. Dinia invittata n. sp.
Dinia aeagrua Druoe, Biol. Cenlr. Am. Het. i. p. 63 (part) neo Cram.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last with the lateral fringes of hair
and the anal tuft except at base crimson, the tegulae and patagia with some
metallic blue, and the abdomen with sUght metallic blue dorsal streak on basal
segments ; coxae of male white. Forewing hyaUne, the veins, base, and margins
black ; a strong oblique black discoidal bar conjoined to the costal fascia ; the
terminal band with slightly waved inner edge, slightly widening to apex in
male, broadly in female. Hindwing hyaline, the veins and a broad terminal
band black, the latter with waved inner edge.
Hab. Mexico, Guerrero, Tetetlapa (H. H. Smith), 1 J, 1 $ tjrpe, Godman
Salvin Coll. Exp. (J 38, $ 40 mill.
Differs from D. aeagrus in the forewing being without the crimson stripe
on inner margin.
LITHOSIADAE.
ITolinae.
%lg. Nola holoscota n. sp.
$. Head and thorax dark red-brown irrorated with grey-wliite, the palpi
slightly irrorated, the antennae blackish ; abdomen grey sutJused with brown ;
pectus wliitish at sides ; legs red-brown, the tarsi ringed with white ; ventral
surface of abdomen blackish brown. Forewing dark red-brown irrorated with
silvery grey ; an indistinct darker brown bar from costa near base ; tufts of
raised scales in the cell before middle and in its extremity ; antemedial line
indistinct, dark, angled outwards to the tuft of raised scales in end of cell and
very oblique towards costa and inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct, dark,
bent outwards below costa, then very shghtly waved, oblique below vein 4 ;
an indistinct, rather diffused, red-brown subterminal Une defined on outer side
by silvery grey scales, excurved below costa, then waved. Hindwing grey
sufiused with cupreous brown, the cilia red-brown with a fine pale line at base.
Hab. Natal, Karkloff (Piatt), 1 ? type. Exp. 26 mill.
NOCTUIDAE.
Agrotinae.
272a. Euxoa albiorbis n. sp.
(J. Head and thora.x white mixed with dark brown and red-brown, the
tegulae with black line at middle, the patagia with fringe of black scales tipped
with white at base ; antennae with the shaft white, the branches brown ;
abdomen white suffused with red-brown, leaving white segmental hnes towards
extremity ; pectus^ legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with
brown, the tarsi ringed with white. Forewing white mixed with dark brown,
sufiused with red-brown except on marginal areas, the terminal area more sufiused
with dark brown ; double subbasal black bars filled in with white from costa
and cell ; antemedial line double, black tilled in with white, crenulate ; claviform
MOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1911). 255
minute, defined by black, acute at extremity ; orbicular pure white defined by
black and with some black scales in centre, elongate elliptical ; reniform with
blackish centre and white annulus defined by black ; an indistinct sinuous
blackish medial Une ; postmedial hne black defined on outer side by white, bent
outwards below costa, then dentate, oblique below vein 4 ; subterminal line
white, defined on inner side by blackish towards costa, and by dentate black
marks from below vein 6 to below 2, dentate at veins 7, 6, 4, 3, 2 ; a lunulate
black terminal line ; cilia white tinged with red- brown. Hindwing silvery white ;
traces of a dark discoidal striga and of postmedial and subterminal lines ; a fine
dark terminal line ; the underside with the costal area irrorated with brown, a
blackish discoidal point and postmedial shade from costa to discal fold.
Hah. S. Palestine, El Faikhari (Austen), 2 ^ type. Exp. 30 mill.
Eadeninae.
1536a. Hyssia malaphaea n. n.
Byaaia sminlUatis Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (8) xii. p. 593 (1913) nee Hmpsn. 1905.
ZEUOBIAITAE.
3264a. Hypoplezia mictochioa n. sp.
Antennae of female bipectinate with short branches to near apex.
$. Head and thorax purplish red mixed with whitish and black, a black
line behind the tegulae ; antennae black barred with white above ; palpi black-
brown ; abdomen dark brown tinged with grey, the basal crest purplish red ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen black-brown, the tarsi ringed with
white. Forewing purplish red mixed with some black and white, the veins
streaked with leaden grey ; double subbasal black striae from costa, a slight
diffused mark below the cell and oblique shade above inner margin ; ante-
medial line black defined on inner side by white, oblique, waved ; claviform
minute, defined by black ; orbicular purplish red, with whitish annulus defined
by black, round ; reniform leaden grey with incomplete red annulus defined
by black except above ; postmedial line white defined on inner side by black,
and with large patches of black suffusion before it beyond the cell and below
vein 3, bent outwards below costa, then slightly waved, oblique below vein 4,
some white points with black between them beyond it on costa ; subterminal
line white, reduced below vein 6 to points on the veins defined on inner side
by blackish, excurved at vein 6 ; a terminal series of slight black lunules ; cilia
dark leaden grey, chequered with purplish red at tips. Hindwing glossy fuscous
brown tinged with grey ; a curved blackish postmedial Une ; ciha whitish at
base, with blackish Hne at middle and purphsh pink tips. Underside of fore-
wing fuscous, the inner area whitish, the costa and termen irrorated with reddish
and whitish, the postmedial line black, arising below costa and incurved below
vein 4 ; hindwing whitish tinged with purjilish pink and irrorated with black,
a black discoidal spot and ciu-ved postmedial line.
Hah. Natal, Pinetown (Piatt), 1 $ type. Exp. 36 mill.
256 NOTITATES ZOOUIOICAB XXVT. 19111.
Type.
p. 466. Palluperina n. n. dumerili
Luperina Boisd., Ind. ^^elh. p. 77 (1829). non deecr. ; nee Ltiperina Boisd., Oen. and Ind. Meth.
p. 113 (1840) type j€ufop&ieo= Pachetra Guen. (1852) type Uucophaea v. Cat. Lep. Phai.
vol. V. p. 203.
3946a. Atbetis melanomma n. sp.
(?. Head and thorax rufous mixed with some whitish, the antennae white
tinged with rufous, the palpi blackish, the 2nd joint at extremity, and the 3rd
joint whitish ; abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown ; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen red- brown mixed with white, the tibiae at extremities
and the tarsi ringed with white. Forewing rufous irrorated with a few white
scales ; a dark subbasal line from costa to submedian fold, excurved below
costa ; antemedial line dark, obUque towards costa, then indistinct and waved,
orbicular a small round black spot defined by white scales ; reniform faintly
defined by brown, and with some whitish points on its outer edge, a sinuous
brown line from it to inner margin ; postmedial line dark, excurved to vein 4.
then oblique, and with slight black points beyond it on the veins except towards
costa ; subtermLnal Une slight, dark defined on outer side by white scales, angled
outwards below vein 7 ; a terminal series of blackish striae. Hindwing whitish
suffused with red-brown ; an indistinct dark discoidal spot and curved post-
medial line ; cilia white tinged with red-brown ; the underside white, the costal
area slightly irrorated with red-brown, and the apical half of terminal area more
thickly irrorated, a dark-brown discoidal lunule and postmedial fine excurved
below costa and incurved below vein 3.
Natal, Durban (Piatt), 1 <J type. Exp. 38 mill.
4110a. Hypoperigea medionota n. sp.
Badjina alrinola Hnipsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. B.il. viii. p. 528. ^' (nee o).
Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey and some blackish, the
antennae pale ochreous ; abdomen ochreous tinged with rufous, the basal crest
with some blackish ; pectus and legs ochreous tinged with rufous, the tibiae
and tarsi banded with black. Forewing red- brown mixed with grey ; a black
subbasal line from costa to submedian fold, slightly angled outwards below
costa ; antemedial line double black, waved, and rather oblique ; claviform
de'.ined by black ; orbicular and reniform defined by black and witli tlieir centres
defined by black, the former round, a black mark between their lower parts ;
a diffused waved red-brown medial Une ; postmedial Une double, black, bent
outwards below costa, then rather oblique, minutely dentate, and with minute
black points beyond it on the veins, some white points beyond it on costa ;
subterminal line whitish, defined on inner side by diffused red-brown, slightly
excurved below costa and at middle ; the terminal area more suffused with
red-brown ; a terminal series of black points and a striga in submedian interspace.
Hindwing whitish suffused with fuscous brown, the base and inner margin wliiter ;
a fine dark terminal line ; ciUa white tinged with red-brown ; the underside
whitish, the costal half and termen except towards tornus irrorated with red-
brown, a dark postmedial line from costa to vein 5.
Hub. Br. E. Africa, Eb. Urru (Betton), 2 $ (type atrinota ?) ; Nairobi (Ander-
son), 2 cj, 4 $ type. Exp. 28-32 mill.
iJoviTATp;s Zoological XXV'I. 1919. 257
4162. Monodes hypophaea n. n.
Monodes hyposcota Hmpsn., neo. Eriopyga hyposcota Hmpsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. B.M. v. p. 349. pi. xc.
f. 9 (1903), which is a Monodes.
4681a. Arenostola diamesa n. sp.
{J. Head and thorax whitish, the head and tegulae except at base suffused
with rufous, the antennae red-brown, the frons and palpi dark brown ; abdomen
whitish suffused with red-brown ; {pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
dark red-brown, the tarsi ringed with wliite. Forewing grey-white slightly
tinged with rufous, the inner half and interspaces of costal area towards apex
irrorated with black, the veins of costal area and beyond the cell whitish ; a
blackish fascia below the cell and vein 4 to towards termen, diffused below ; a
black discoidal point and small subterminal spots below veins 6 and 2 ; a blackish
terminal Une ; ciHa white with a dark line through them. Hindwing wliitish
suffused with fuscous, the base paler ; cilia white ; the underside white tinged
with fuscous, the costal area and terminal area to vein 2 irrorated with blackish.
Hab. Znluland, Eshowe (Piatt), 1 cJ type. Exp. 28 mill.
4812a. Callyna polychroa n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black-brown tinged with leaden grey and irrorated
with a few white scales, the back of head ochreous tinged with rufous ; abdomen
black-brown, the anal tuft brownish white except above ; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen white mixed with dark brown, the fore tibiae and
the tarsi blackish ringed with white. Forewing black-brown glossed with leaden
grey, the costal area to end of cell and the cell ochreous tinged with rufous, at
base extending to submedian fold, in which there is a slight black streak ; a
curved whitish subbasal striga from costa, the costal edge beyond it dark to the
antemedial line, which is rufous defined on each side by whitish to median nervure
and excurved below costa, then almost obsolete, represented by black and white
scales and dentate ; a small black spot below middle of cell ; orbicular flesh- white,
round, with a black spot between it and the reniform, which is represented by a
rufous bar defined at side by flesh-wliite and with a minute black spot on its
outer edge, its lower extremity produced to a small pure white spot ; postmedial
line obUque and defined on each side by white to vein 4, faint and rufous towards
costa, then blackish, below vein 4 almost erect and formed by black points with
minute dentate white marks on their outer side, a black streak beyond it above
and below vein 5 to near termen, and the costal area beyond it rather darker with
some white points on costa ; a round, pure white apical spot, with a subterminal
series of black points from it to vein 2 except at discal fold ; a fine pale hne at
base of cilia. Hindwing pale brown with a cupreous gloss, the cilia white with
a brown Une at middle ; the underside white irrorated with brown, the costal
area sirffused with brown towards apex, a brown discoidal spot and rather diffused
postmedial line slightly angled outwards at vein 7, a faint subterminal Une.
Hab. Fhilippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling (Baker), 1 c? type. Exj). 38 mill.
48166. Callyna unicolor n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen dark reddish-brown glossed with
grey, the rest of abdomen grey suffused with brown, the antennae black, the
258 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919..
palpi irrorated with white ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white
suffused with brown, the tibiae white at extremities, the tarsi black ringed with
white. Forewing glossy dark reddish-brown shghtly irrorated with black ;
antemedial Une sUght, blackish, faintly defined on inner side by pale brown ;
orbicular and reniform large, faintly defined at sides b}' black, the former round,
the claviform represented by a sUght black mark ; a faint obhque dark lino
from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial hne shght, black defined
on outer side by pale brown, curved, dentate except at costa ; a white subterminal
striga from costa, diffused on outer side, tlien traces of a pale, waved subterminal
hne ; a shght dark terminal line. Hindwing cupreous brown, the cilia with a
wliitish line at base and whitish tips ; the underside white irrorated with red-
brown, especially on costal area, the terminal area more suffused with red-brown
except towards tornus, an indistinct, somewhat dentate red- brown postmedial
line.
Hah. Natal, Durban (Piatt), 1 $ type. Exp. 44 mill.
ERASTBIANAE.
5028(Z. Catoblemma goniaphora n. sp.
cJ. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with some dark brown especially
on head and tegulae, the antennae and palpi dark brown ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white shghtly irrorated with brown, the tarsi
brown ringed with white, the anal tuft ochreous white. Forewing white suffused
in parts with fulvous yellow to the postmedial line, the costa, postmedial and
terminal areas black-brown mixed with some white ; antemedial line fulvous
yellow with dark striae at costa and inner margin, slightly waved, incurved
below the cell ; a slight white discoidal bar ; postmedial line white defined on
inner side by fulvous yellow, oblique and sinuous to vein 5, excurved to vein 3,
then incurved and slightly waved ; a faint, slightly waved, whitish subterminal
line defined on inner side by the dark postmedial area, excurved below costa
and at middle ; a terminal series of small black lunules ; cilia chequered wliitish
and black. Hindwing white tinged with brown ; the underside with rather
diffused curved dark postmedial and subterminal lines.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with some grey ; forewing
dark brown mixed with grey, the area to the postmedial line tinged with fulvous
yellow, especially towards the postmedial line, the postmedial area blackish ;
hindwing dark brown tinged with grey, the cilia with a whitish line at base.
Hab. Philippines, Luzon, Los Baiios (Baker), 1 ^J, 2 $ type. Ex}). 18 mill.
5580a. Hiccoda roseitincta n. sp.
^. Head and thorax creamy white, the vertex of head with black streak,
and the sides of frons with black points, the antennae black, the palpi black,
white in front at base and the extreme tips white ; abdomen pale rufous, the
basal tre.st creamy white; pectus and legs white tinged with rufous, the tibiae
and tarsi banded black and white. Forewing creamy white, the area beyond
the cell suffused with pale pink except at costa, and the area beyond it tinged
with pale olive to just before termen ; some black striae from basal half of costa ;
a quadrate deep black patch in end of cell, extending to the costa, a curved
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. 259
black mark below it in submedian interspace and a slight striga at inner margin ;
postmedial line slight, black, excurved beyond the ceU, then incurved and with
some dark suffusion beyond it towards inner margin ; a fine terminal black line
interrupted by white points at the veins and defined on inner side by white ; cUia
black, chequered with white at tips. Hindwing white tinged with rufous ; a fine
blackish terminal line ; ciha fuscous and white with a white line at base. Under-
side white tinged with rufous except on inner areas ; forewing with the costa
fuscous toward base, a diffused fuscous patch in end of cell with the costa above
it black, a black postinedial bar from the costa followed by some white points ;
hindwing with small black discoidal spot and some black irroration on medial
part of costa, traces of a cm-ved postmedial line ; both wings with terminal series
of black striae.
Hah. "Germ. E. Afi:ioa," Lulanguru (Carpenter), 1 (J type. Exp. 16 mill.
FHLOGOFHORIITAE.
6200a. Bombotelia ethiopica n. sp.
^. Head and thorax red-brown tinged with purphsh grey, the vertex of
head whitish, the tegulae with a few black scales and a black patch at base ;
antennae grey tinged with brown ; palpi white at extreme tips ; abdomen
bright red-brown, the basal crest fiery red, the others tipped with black ; tarsi
black-brown ringed with white. Forewing bright red- brown suffused with
purjjle grey, the terminal area less suffused ; a subbasal black point on costa ;
antemedial line with obhque black bar from costa and double inwardly oblique
deep chocolate brown Une from discal fold to inner margin, the outer line very
sUghtly sinuous and forming a minute black mark in the cell ; reniform with
sap-green centre and white annulus shghtly defined by black, narrow and con-
stricted at middle ; an oblique bright red-brown piedial hne from cell to inner
margin ; postmedial line double, blackish, the outer Une oblique and defined
on outer side by bright red-brown to vein 6, then indistinct, incurved at discal
fold, below which there is a shght red-brown mark on it, incurved and waved
below vein 4, shghtly angled outwards at vein 1, where there is a black point on
its inner side ; a conical chocolate-red mark below costa before the subterminal
line, which is white sUglitly defined on outer side by blacldsh towards costa,
then represented by white scales tinged with sap-green, incurved at discal fold,
below which there is a chocolate-red mark on its inner side, obhque between
veins 4 and 2, then slightly excufved ; a terminal series of chocolate-brown
points and striae with some white scales on their inner side towards apex.
Hindwing grey-white, the terminal lialf sufiused with purple except towards
costa and inner margin ; a subterminal whitish striga at vein 2 connected with
a whitish mark on termen above tornus ; cilia deep purple-red, white at tips.
Underside purple-red, the inner areas white ; forewing with the reniform white,
the postmedial hne dark defined on outer side by whitish, excurved to vein 4,
then incurved, subterminal white striae above and below vein 7 ; hindwing
sUghtly irrorated with blackish, a large black discoidal spot defined by white,
the postmedial hne indistinct, double, curved, and somewhat dentate, a triangular
black-brown subterminal mark above tornus.
260 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XX\a. 1919.
$. Much darker brown, more strongly suffused with purple-grey; the under-
side of hindwing with curved dark medial line and the postmedial line more
distinct.
Hab. Natal, Durban (Piatt), 1 c?, 2 ? type. Exp. 26 mill.
6277a. Chlumetia polymorpha n. sp.
Antennae of male laminate and almost simple.
(J. Head and thorax fuscous black mixed with some grey-white ; lower
part of frons white ; palpi purpUsh red mixed with some white, the tips white ;
abdomen purplish red and white, the basal segment sap-green and white, black
segmental lines, the anal tuft fuscous at tip ; pectus whitish ; legs fuscous and
whitish, the tarsi black, the tibiae at extremities and tarsal joints ringed with
white ; ventral surface of abdomen sap-green with some white at base and
purple-pink at middle. Forewing black suffused with leaden-grey, the medial
area beyond and below the ceU grey tinged with purplish, the postmedial and
terminal areas below vein 4 olive-brown ; antemedial line black shghtly defined
on inner side by whitish to median nervure, then double and filled in with red-
brown, minutely waved, incurved below submedian fold, a white point just
beyond it in the cell ; reniform white, its centre defined by sap-green, narrow ;
a shght, somewhat waved blackish medial hne, excurved just beyond the reniform,
which it touches above and below, then oblique ; postmedial line double filled
in with whitish, the inner Une black, the outer less distinct, oblique and shghtly
sinuous to discal fold, then inwardly oblique and excurved above vein 1, an
oblique, slightly waved, pale line beyond it from costa to discal fold, an oblique
black fascia from it in discal fold to termen below vein 4 ; subterminal line
indistinct, dark, slightly waved, some white before it between veins 4 and 2,
and some white suffusion beyond it at apex ; a waved black terminal line ; cilia
grey-brown with a waved black line at middle and chequered with blackish at
tips. Hindwing purpUsh fuscous, the terminal half of vein 2 with alternating
black and whitish marks ; cilia whitish with strong dark reddish-brown line at
middle. Underside of forewing fuscous, the costal area red-brown irrorated with
white, the terminal area irrorated with white, postmedial line with obhque white
striga from costa, bent outwards below costa, then double, fuscous filled in with
whitish and obliquely curved, an indistinct, shghtly waved, dark red terminal
line : hindwing white mixed with purplish red, a black discoidal spot, minutely
waved blackish medial and postmedial lines and double subterminal hne, a
waved black terminal hne.
Ah. 1. Abdomen pinkish rufous except at base, the anal tuft sap-green, the
forewing with the outer half of medial area whitish tinged with pinkish red, the
lower half of terminal area tinged with green.
$. Forewing more variegated, with whitish tinged with rufous and with
sap-green at costa and lower half of termen.
Ab. 2. Forewing with semicircular black patch on inner area from near
base to near tornus.
Ab. 3. Forewing with the medial area beyond and below the coll white
tinged with pink, the inner half of postmedial and terminal areas pale rufous.
Hab. Transvaal, White R. (Cooke), 1 ? ; Natal, Durban (Piatt), 3 cJ, 3 $
type. Exp. 22-24 mill.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 261
C lichenosa will almost certainly belong to this section, and possibly also
C. carta ; the specimen from the Transvaal recorded as the former, in very bad
condition, belongs to tliis species.
SABBOTHBIFIirAZ:.
6576a. Giaura plumbeofusa n. sp.
$. Head and thorax grey-white tinged with red-brown, the tegulae with
fuscous line near tips, the antennae black-brown ; abdomen whitish suffused
with red-brown ; pectus and legs white, the tibiae and tarsi suffused with red-
brown ; ventral surface of abdomen ochreous. Forewing whitish strongly
suffused with leaden-grey, the basal costal area rufous ; a curved red-brown
subbasal line from costa to vein 1, defined on outer side by ochreous white ; a
narrow ochreous white antemedial band traversed by a slight dark line and
defined on outer side by crimson-red, shghtly excurved to submedian fold, then
rather oblique ; a semicircular ochreous white patch on postmedial part of costa ;
postmedial line double, red-brown, represented by two slightly waved Unes near
the inner edge of the costal patch, then obsolete and arising again from below
the outer edge of the patch, filled in with ochreous, angled inwards at discal
fold, excurved at middle, then slightly waved ; subterminal line ochreous defined
on each side by fuscous, sHghtly excurved below vein 7 ; a fine dark terminal
line ; cilia brown with an ochreous line at base. Hindwing ochreous white
tinged with red-brown ; a fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore-
wing greyish tinged with brown, the costa and inner area wliite ; liindwing
ochreous white.
Hab. Gold Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 $ tj^e. Exp. 24 mill.
Genus Nolatypa nov.
Type ; N. phoenicolepia.
Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obUquely upturned to about middle of
frons and moderately scaled, the 2nd joint shghtly fringed with hair behind at
extremity, the 3rd short ; frons smooth ; eyes large, round ; antennae of male
with fasciculate ciha ; thorax clothed almost entirely with scales and without
crests ; abdomen smoothly scaled and without crests ; tibiae slightly fringed
with hair. Forewing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved and not
crenulate ; the rough scahng shght ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; 6
from below upper angle ; 7 from angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 from cell. Hind-
wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 fuUy developed from above angle ;
0, 7 from upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with the cell to near middle.
In key differs from Gyrtonides in the forewing having vein 7 from the cell
and 8, 9, 10 stalked.
6621a. Nolatypa phoenicolepia n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey mixed with black ; palpi mostly white,
with some black on 2nd joint at sides ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen
mostly white. Forewing grey mixed with fuscous and black and some purpUsh
red, especially on outer half of medial area ; a diffused black streak below basal
262 • NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
part of cell ; an oblique black subbasal streak from costa ; antemedial line black,
excurved from below costa to submedian fold, then incurved and excurved above
inner margin ; medial line black, slightly excurved in the cell ; reniform large,
defined by black ; postmedial line black, angled outwards beyond upper angle
of cell, then obliquely curved to below angle of cell and erect to inner margin ;
an oblique series of three black spots from apex to beyond the angle of the post-
medial hne ; a terminal black line forming minute wedge-shaped marks at the
veins ; cilia with a series of blackish points near base. Hindwing grey suffused
with fuscous brown, the cilia rather whiter, with a series of obscure fuscous
spots near base. Underside white irrorated with fuscous ; forewing with the
disk suffused with fuscous, the postmedial line diffused, excurved just beyond
the cell ; hindwing with rather diffused fuscous discoidal annulus, curved post-
medial line and faint subterminal shade.
Hob. " Germ. E. Africa," Lulanguru (Carpenter), 1 ^ type. Exp. 24 mill.
VESTEBMAITNIANAE.
70146. Goniocaipe heteromorpha n. sp.
S. Head and thorax glos.sy golden rufous ; the metathoracic crest black
tipped with white ; antennae grey-brown ; palpi yellowish white with some
fuscous at sides ; abdomen golden rufous, yellowish white at base, the crest on
3rd segment black tipped with white, the anal tuft black at extremity, the genital
tuft white with some rufous at extremity ; pectus and three basal segments of
ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white ; legs whitish, the tibiae tinged
with rufous and grey-brown. Forewing glossy golden rufous ; a blackish sub-
basal point in the cell ; antemedial line fuscous defined on inner side by whitish,
oblique, waved ; reniform defined by blackish, small, elliptical ; postmedial
line blackish defined on outer side by whitish, oblique to below vein 6, then
inwardly oblique ; a subterminal series of black points, the point below vein 7
further from termen. Hindwing yellowish white, the terminal area suffused
■nith brown to vein 2. Underside of forewing whitish, suffused with brown
except on inner area ; hindwing with slight brown suffusion in the interspaces
at termen to vein 2.
?. Head, thorax, and forewing suffused with sUvery grey and with hardly
any rufous tones, and sparsely irrorated with black scales, the reniform filled
in with rufous, the postmedial Hne less distinct and incurved at submedian fold.
The male has the antennae ciliated, the anal tuft not forked, the forewing with
the termen oblique below vein 4 but not waved ; the female has a forlied anal
tuft and the termen of forewing waved below vein 4.
Hah. Natal, Pinctown (Piatt), 2 cJ, 1 $ type. Exp. 24 mill.
Family Somabracbidae.
Proboscis and palpi absent ; frons with pointed conical corneous process,
channelled and slightly ribbed below and with corneous plate below it ; antennae
of male bipectinate with long branches to apex ; fore femora very short, with
curved corneous spine on outer side from extremity, the mid and hind tibiae
without spurs. Forewing with vein 1 a forked with I h, \ c absent, veins 2, 3,
4, 6 at intervals, 5 from just above angle of cell ; 6 from below middle of disco-
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 263
cellulars in S. aegrota Klug, from just below upper angle of cell in S. infuscata
Klug ; 7 from angle ; 8, 9 stalked, 10 absent ; 11 from cell. Hindwing with
vein 1 a absent, 1 b and c present ; veins 2, 3, 4, 5 at intervals ; 6, 7 shortly
stalked ; 8 coincident with the cell and vein 7 throughout ; the costal and
inner areas very narrow ; the frenulum short and non-functional.
Female wingless.
Larva smooth and much resembUng those of the Epichnopterygidae (Hetero-
gynidae), to which the family is closely allied, forming a cocoon below the soil.
In key differs from the Megalopygidae in the hindwing having veins 6, 7
shortly stalked and 8 coincident with the cell and vein 7 throughout, instead
of vein 6 being widely separated from 7, and 8 anastomosing with the cell to
middle or near extremity, then separate ; and in having the female wingless.
In the Megalopygidae the frons has no process, the forelegs are normal, the
forewing has vein 6 from above the middle of discoceUulars, 7 and 8 bent down-
wards and stalked from 9 and 10, the frenulum may be fully developed, non-
functional, or absent. The larvae are thickly clothed with long spatulate hairs
and form a cocoon attached to the food-plant.
Genus Somabrachys.
Type
Brachysoma Aust., Le Nat. ii. p. 284 (1880) nee Dej. Col. 1821 . codeti (?) = aegrota Klug
Somabrachys Kirby, Cat. Het. p. 930 (1892) codeti
For sjmonomy of species v. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. v. pp. 227-301 (1911) and
xii. pp. 376-428 (1916), and Jordan, Nov. Zool. xxiii. pp. 350-58 (1916).
The range of the genus is from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunis, to Egypt and
Palestine.
Family Teragridae.
Teraijra Wlk., ISiSS, is older than Arhela Moore.
Genus Stenagra nov.
Typo : S. multipunctala.
Antennae of female serrate ; head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with
rough hair. Forewing very narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely
curved, the inner margin lobed near base ; vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5
from above angle ; the discoceUulars very oblique and the upper angle of cell
produced ; vein 6 from the angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from far beyond 9 ; 10,11
from cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from well above
angle ; 6, 7 strongly stalked to near apex ; 8 connected with the cell by an
oblique bar towards its extremity.
Stenagra multipunctata n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown tinged with grey ; legs more
rufous. Forewing red- brown strongly suffused with purple-grey ; a small
antemedial black spot below the cell, a rather triangular spot in the cell above
origin of vein 2, a spot on upper part of discoceUulars, an obhquely curved post-
medial series of seven black spots from costa to below vein 2 near its base, the
2g4 NoriTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXV'I. 1919.
spot at discal fold larger, a subterminal series of five small spots, erect to vein 4,-
then obUque, and a minute spot below vein 3, a minute subapical spot, all slightly
defined by pale grey. Hindwing pale red-brown with a purpUsh gloss.
Hab. N. Nigeria, Baro (Macfie), 1 ? type. Exp. 26 mill.
Selagena albicilia n. sp.
cj. Head and thorax pure white, the head with ridge of rufous scales between
antennae, the tegulae with some bright rufous scales at tips, the patagia mostlj^
bright rufous ; antennae dark red-brown ; abdomen dark greyish brown mixed
with some wliite, the crests on basal segments and the anal tuft bright rufous ;
pectus and legs pure white with a few dark brown scales ; ventral surface of
abdomen white, obscurely banded with brown. Forewing rufous with some
white at base of costal and inner areas ; some irregular marks formed by raised
metallic black scales in the submedian fold below middle of cell and bars on each
side of the discocellulars ; the area beyond the cell with four obscure waved
brown lines, with some black scales on them from below costa to vein 5 ; obscure
black spots before termen above and below vein 7 and an elongate mark below
vein 6. Hindwing black-brown with a sUght cupreous gloss ; cilia pure white,
pale rufous at base. Underside black-brown with a slight cupreous gloss.
Hab. Br. C. Africa. ]\It. Mlanje (Neave), 1 <? type. Exp. 32 mill.
Arbelodes bisinuata n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with grey, the frons dark
reddish brown ; abdomen glossy ochreous whitish suffused with browTi, the
basal crest with dark reddish brown tip. Forewing grey suffused and irrorated
with dark reddish brown ; obscure rounded antemedial reddish brown spots
in and below the cell, separated by a pale streak in submedian fold extending
to below end of cell ; vein 2 with a pale streak on it ; a rounded reddish brown
spot with faint pale outUne at end of cell and another below it above inner margin ;
subterminal Une dark brown, inciu-ved below vein 7, then obhque to vein 4, then
excurved ; a terminal series of slight dark points ; cilia with an ochreous tinge
at base. Hindwing glossy ochreous whitish tinged with reddish brown.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ^ type. Exp. 30 mill.
Nearest to A. obliquifascia Hmpsn.
Arbelodes minima n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, white, and pale ochreous ; frons,
palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral siu-face of abdomen ochreous white, the tibiae
and fore tarsi with some black hairs. Forewing black mixed with rufous and
^ome grey-white, the basal area with more whitish ; indistinct sMghtly waved
black antemedial and medial lines ; a black discoidal spot ; a more distinct
sUghtly waved black Une just beyond the cell, with the area between it and the
medial line mostly rufous ; an indistinct black subterminal line, incurved and
waved between veins 6 and 4, where there is some rufous beyond it. Hindwing
black-brown with a leaden grey gloss, the cilia ochreous yellow. Underside
black-brown with a leaden grey gloss.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje, Luchenya R. (Neave), 1 S type. Exp.
18 mill.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXVI. 1919. 265
Metaibela laguna n. sp.
<J. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with some dark brown and
grey ; abdomen whitish suffused with reddish brown, the basal crests darker
■at tips. Forewing pale rufous, the inner area, a iriangular patch from lower
angle of cell to inner margin, and the terminal area except towards costa whitish
irrorated with brown ; a series of dark brown striae from costa ; an antemedial
dark striga from median nervure with obscure rounded spots defined on outer
side by whitish below it above and below vein 1 ; an oblique dark striga in lower
part of cell confluent at median nervure with the reniform discoidal mark defined
by blackish, indented on outer side at middle and excised above where it is
confluent with two of the dark striae from costa ; the triangular whitish patch
with an elliptical dark mark on it from submedian fold to inner margin, and a
small spot on the margin below the postmedial line, which forms a U-shaped
mark from costa to vein 6, is excurved below veins 4 and 3 and ends below vein 2 •
an elUptical dark brown subterminal mark from vein 7 to 3, a small spot below
vein 3, and a rather pear-shaped mark from vein 2 to tornus ; a terminal series
of minute rather triangular dark spots ; cUia whitish. Hindwing whitish suffused
with reddish brown, the cilia whitish.
Hah. Gold Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 c? type. Ex'p. 28 mill.
Nearest to M. arcifera Hmpsn.
Metarbela bipuncta n. sp.
cj. Head and thorax pale rufous with a few dark hairs ; abdomen dark
reddish brown with greyish segmental lines, the base pale rufous with the basal
crest tipped with black, the anal tuft pale rufous tipped with blackish ; antennae
with the branches dark brown. Forewing with the basal area pale rufous mth
some dark irroration on costa and inner margin, extending on costa to apex
and on inner margin to tornus, the triangular terminal area from median nervure
obliquely to ape.x and tornus dark purplish brown ; two small silvery white
spots with some black suffusion between them below basal half of vein 2 ; a pale
subterminal line, curving inwards from below vein 4 to inner margin ; a fine
pale line at base of cUia. Hindwing glossy dark reddish brown, the costal area
whitish to beyond middle ; ciUa white at tips. Underside uniform red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 (J type. Exp. 30 mill.
Nearest to M. cymophora Hmpsn.
Metarbela cremorna n. sp.
o. Head and thorax creamy white, the head and tegulae with some brown
mixed ; abdomen glossy yellowish white faintly tinged with brown, the anal
tuft red-brown at extremity ; antennae with the branches pale rufous ; frons
dark brown at side ; forelegs with the fringe of hair on outer side tinged with
brown ; ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white. Forewing creamy white
irrorated with a few dark brown scales, the costal area tinged with rufous, ex-
panding on postmedial area to vein 3 ; postmedial line slight, blackish, crenulate,
incurved between veins 7 and 5, bent inwards and almost obsolete at vein 2,
and represented by two striae at inner margin ; subterminal line indicated by
some blackish scales ; a terminal series of minute black spots. Hindwing creamy
266 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
white with a faint rufous tinge. Underside creamy white, the hindwing with
the costal edge rufous.
Hob. Gold Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 c? type. Exp. 32 mill.
Nearest to M. dialeuca Hmpsn.
Metarbela vau-alba n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous mixed ■nith some ochreous and brown^
the large bifid anal tuft deeper rufous ; antennae with the branches black streaked
with whitish above ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen tinged with
grey. Forewing rufous tinged in parts with brown ; a large indistinct oblique
discoidal lunule defined by brown, confluent with a yellowish white, V-shaped
mark on extremity of median nervure and base of vein 2 ; indistinct, shghtly
waved, and closely approximated brown postmedial and subterminal lines,
shghtly incurved at discal fold ; a terminal series of small triangular red-brown
marks on the veins ; cUia grey-brown with a fine brown line at middle. Hindwing
rufous finely irrorated with brown ; cilia grey-brown with whitish tips. Under-
side deep rufous.
Hah. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ^ type. Exp. 30 mill.
Nearest to M. nubifera B. Baker.
Metarbela costistrigata n. sp.
(J. Head blackish mixed with grey, the antennae black, the shaft irrorated
with white and the branches streaked with white above ; thorax and abdomen
grey-white mixed with black-brown. Forewing grey-white suffused with fuscous
brown, the terminal area rather darker and irrorated with blackish ; a series
of black bars from costa from near base to the postmedial line ; an antemedial
black mark in submedian interspace, forking below the fold ; black bars before
and beyond the discocellulars, forming an incomplete, V-shaped mark ; a hoop-
shaped black mark on inner area below end of cell, filled in with black irroration
and with a white bar on its outer side ; postmedial line black, inwardly obUque
to vein 6, then erect and ending at vein 2 ; a terminal series of whitish striae
in the interspaces with small dark spots before them to vein 3 ; cilia grey at
base, chequered blackish and white at tips. Hindwing greyish suffused with
fuscous brown, the ciUa darker. Underside uniform greyish suffused with
fuscous brown.
Hah. Transvaal, Johannesburg (Feltham), 1 o t.'vpe. Exp. 28 miU.
Nearest to M. albitorquata Hmpsn.
Teragra tristicha n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright rufous, the last with a slight golden
gloss except the dorsal crests and anal tuft ; lower part of frons black-brown
at sides. Forewing bright rufous ; a series of slight black marks below costa
from near base to near apex ; a narrow rufous vitta faintly defined by black
in terminal half of lower part of cell, indenting a rounded discoidal spot distinctly
defined by black ; a black antemedial Une from cell to inner margin, dentate
inwards at submedian fold and vein 1 ; a waved black line from origin of vein 2
to inner margin ; some blackish suffusion below lower end of cell ; three silvery
white points defined by black just below middle of vein 2, with another below
them above inner margin and sometimes a shght mark before it on the margin;
NoviTATEs Zooi.oaicAE XXVT. 1919. 267
a waved black subterminal line, incurved between veins 6 and 5 ; some slight
black irroration before termen ; cilia pale with a darker line at middle. Hind-
wing pale red-brown with a slight golden gloss ; cUia yellowish white at tips.
Underside red-brown, the inner area of forewing whitish.
Hah. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 3 <J type. Ex-p. 34 mill.
Nearest to T. neurosticta Hmpsn.
Teiagra althodes n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax fulvous yellow, with a ridge of deep rufous scales
between the antennae and some marks on tegulae and patagia, the frons with
some deep rufous at side ; abdomen silky yellowish white, with some deep
rufous in the dorsal crests and at sides ; pectus and legs yellowish white mixed
with some deep rufous, the forelegs deep rufous. Forewing silky yellowish white,
the area below and beyond the cell with numerous deep rufous lines formed by
striae, the costal area and cell with minute deep rufous and chocolate-brown
spots ; three strong, deep, rufous bars below basal half of cell ; a small chocolate-
brown discoidal spot. Hindwing glossy yellowish white tinged with rufous, the
terminal area faintly striated with rufous. Underside yellowish white tinged
with rufous, both wings with series of small rufous spots on the costa and the
terminal area striated with rufous.
Hab. Transvaal, White R. (Cooke), 1 ^ type. Exp. 40 mill.
Nearest to T. similUma Hmpsn., and much resembles AWm (Arbela), tegula
Dist.
Famtly Engyophlebidae.
Proboscis and palpi absent ; frons rounded ; antennae of male bipectinate
with long branches on basal third, then cUiated ; fore tibiae with the process on
inner side as long as the tibiae, the mid and hind tibiae without spurs. Forewing
with vein 1 a forming a fork with 16, 1 c in male anastomosing with 1 b towards
termen, then separating or becoming coincident with it to termen, in female
separate throughout ; veins 2 and 3 at intervals long before angle of cell ; 4, 5
from angle of cell in male, 5 from just above angle in female ; 6 from far below
upper angle ; 7 from upper angle ; 8, 9 coincident ; 10 from towards angle of
cell ; 1 1 from about middle of cell ; the cell with an almost obsolete veinlet in
discal fold met by a recurved veinlet from beyond origin of vein 3 towards which
it is strongly developed, the discocellulars very strongly angled. Hindwing with
veins \a, b, c present ; the cell very long and rounded at extremity ; veins 2
and 3 at intervals from long before angle of cell ; 4, 5 coincident ; 6 from far
below upper angle ; 7 from angle ; 8 coincident with the cell and vein 7 through-
out ; the female with forked veinlet in the cell ; the male with the costa strongly
lobed at middle ; frenulum fully developed.
In key differs from the M egalopygidae in the hindwing having vein 8 coin-
cident with the cell and vein 7 throughout instead of anastomosing with the
cell to middle or to near extremity, then separate, and from the Soinabrachidae
in having vein 6 from far below the angle of cell instead of shortly stalked with
it, and in having the female winged.
It is closely allied to the Cossidae of the Zeuzera group and the larvae are
certain to be wood-borers.
268 NOVJTATBa ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Genus Engyophlebus
Eulaphonaius Feld., Reis. Nov. p. 4 (1874) non deecr. ..... myrtneUon
Engyophlebtta Karscb, Ent. Nachr. xxvi. p. 2 (1900) ..... myrmdton
Engyophebus myrmeleon.
Eulnphaiwtus myrmeleon Feld., Reis. Nov. pi. 82. f. 9 (1874) $.
Engyophlebu-a obesris Karech, Ent. Nachr. xxvi. p. 3 (1900) J,
Gold Coast ; S. ITis^eria ; C. Colony.
ZTGAENIDAX:.
Himantopterinae.
Doratopteryx steniptera n. sp.
$. Head, tegulae, and abdomen fulvous orange, the thorax dark reddish
brown, the anal tuft fulvous and brown ; antennae black-brown ; pectus and
legs dark reddish brown. Forewing semihyaUne sparsely clothed wth brown
scales, the costa and veins dark reddish brown, the area below the ceU fulvous
orange to beyond middle. Hind\^'ing expanding somewhat near base, then very
narrow, with traces of a lobe at three-fourths ; the basal fourth fulvous orange,
the rest of wing dark reddish brown.
Hab. "Germ. E. Africa," Usambara (Legros), 1 $, Usagara Distr., Kilossa
(Neave), 1 ? type. Exp. 20 mill.
Near D. zopheropa B. Baker.
Semioptila trogoloba n. sp.
:^. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange ; antennae black-brown ;
legs brown. Forewing fulvous orange to near end of cell, its outer edge then
excurved and slightly waved to termen above tornus ; the apical area, costa,
extremity of median nervure, vein 3 and vein 2 towards tornus black- brown ;
a rounded fulvous orange spot beyond the discocellulars. Hindwing expanding
moderately to the lobe, the outer edge of which is strongly excised below the
tail ; fulvous orange to the lobe, then black-brown with a large fulvous orange
lunule before the excised part of extremity of the lobe ; cilia long.
5. Metathorax dark brown ; abdomen dorsaUy suflf used with chocolate-
brown, ventrally black-brown, the anal tuft dark brown and greyish ; fore^^^ng
with the outer edge of the fulvous orange area diffused and indefinite, the terminal
area greyer brown in the interspaces and diffused to the origin of vein 2 in the
cell and below it above vein 2.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 o type, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 2 <?,
1 ?. Exp. 22-26 miU.
Differs from S. papilionaria Wlk, in the strongly excised outer edge of the
lobe of the hindwing.
Semioptila doUcholoba n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange, the last dorsally suffused
with chocolate-brown except the terminal segment ; antennae black- brown ;
legs brown. Forewing fulvous orange below costa to near end of cell, in the
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 269
cell to origin of vein 2 and below vein 2 to termen, the costa and rest of wing
dark brown, leaving a little orange above base of vein 2 and at termen extending
to just below vein 2 ; a round fulvous orange spot beyond the discocellulars -
ciUa brown to near tornus. Hindwing gradually expanding to the large lobe^
the outer edge of which is again gradually rounded off to the rather short and
broad tail ; fulvous orange to the lobe, then black-brown with a large, somewhat
elliptical fulvous orange spot on the lobe, its inner edge produced inwards to a
spur above vein 4.
Hob. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 7 o tyjie. Exp. 24-26 mill.
Differs from S. papilionaria Wlk. in the hindwing gradually expanding to
the lobe, the outer edge of which is gradually rounded off to the taU.
Semioptila latifulva n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange ; antennae black-brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen dark brown. Forewing fulvous
yellow to near end of cell and from thence to termen at vein 2, the costa, terminal
part of median nervure, and apical area dark brown ; a round fulvous yellow
spot beyond the discocellulars ; cUia dark except at tornus. Hindwing expanding
slightly near base, then narrowing into a long slender taU ; fulvous yellow to one
half, then dark brown with a short yellow streak above inner margin at two-thirds,
when it expands shghtly into traces of a lobe.
Hab. "Germ. E. Afi-ica," Usangu Distr., Ft. Kifulufulu (Neave), 2 cJ type.
Exp. 30 mill.
Near S. hilarin Rebel.
Anomoeotes phaeomera n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow ; antennae black-brown,
Forewing thinly scaled ; the costal, apical, and terminal areas pale brown, the
apical area expanding into upper angle of cell axid beyond the cell to vein 4,
the terminal area narrowing to tornus and with dentate inner edge ; the vein.s
brown ; the basal area, except towards costa, fulvous yellow to origin of vein 2
defined on outer side by a pale brown band from the costal area to vein 2 ; the
interspaces between the yeUow area and the brown terminal area white, narrow
in the cell and broad below it. Hindwing thinly scaled, white, the basal area
tinged with fulvous yellow, the veins towards termen, the termen. and ciUa tinged
with brown.
Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), in Coll. Rothschild ; Angola, Ambriz
Monteiro), 1 $ type. Exp. 36 mill.
Staphylinochrous ruficilia n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep brownish rufous ; antennae black-
brown, the shaft bright fulvous red above on basal half. Forewing thinly scaled ;
fulvous red to middle of costa, and thence with rather diffused oblique outer
edge to inner margin near tornus ; the rest of wing red-brown with the veins
and a fine terminal line darker, the costa more rufous, the ciUa rufous with some
brownish at tips. Hindwing fulvous red, the terminal area suffused with reddish
brown from apex to vein 2 ; ciUa fulvous at base, brownish at tips.
Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 2 ^J type. Exp. 24-28 mill.
18
270 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI, 1919.
Staphylinochrous euryphaea n. sp.
o. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange, the last with the anal tuft
dark bro\^Ti ; antennae dark brown. Forewing fulvous orange, the costal area
and the terminal area very widely dark browii, the latter expanding into end of
cell and beyond the cell to vein 4, then narrowing to near tornus and extending
along the inner margin to beyond middle. Hindwing fulvous orange, the terminal
area dark brown, rather broadly so at apex and narrowing to a point at tornus.
Hab. Gold Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 S type ; Abim (Johnson), 1 S ;
Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 26 mill.
Staphylinochrous flavida n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow, the last with the anal tuft
greyish fuscous ; antennae black-brown ; legs reddish brown. Forewing fulvous
yellow to near end of cell, the outer edge of the yellow area almost straight and
erect from costa to tornus, the rest of wing semihyaUne greyish fuscous. Hind-
wing fulvous yellow to beyond the cell, the rest of wing semihyaline greyish
fuscous, rather broad at costa, narrowing to a point on termen above tornus,
its inner edge almost straight.
Hab. Uganda, Entebbe (Mnchin), 1 $ type. Exp. 40 mill.
Staphylinochrous holotherma n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange, the serrations of antennae
dark brown. Wings uniform fulvous orange ; thinly scaled.
Hab. Br. E. Africa, S. Kakumega Forest, Yala R. (Neave), 1 ? type.
Exp. 40 mill.
Thermoohrous melanoneura n. sp.
Anomoealea nigrovenosus Butl., P.Z.S. 1895. p. 266 ; nee Butl. 1893.
(J. Head and thorax ochreous white mixed with brown ; antennae dark
brown ; abdomen whitish tinged with fulvous ; pectus and legs reddish brown..
Wings ochreous white, the costa, veins, and a fine terminal Ime black-brown.
$. Abdomen deeper fulvous ; wings tinged with fulvous yeUow.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Fwambo (Carson), 2 (J, 1 $ type. Exp. $ 30, ? 34 mill.
ZYGAENINAE.
Neurosymploca postrosea n. sp.
$. Head and thorax black, the tegulae orange at sides, the patagia white ;
abdomen dull white, suffused with orange- yellow, except on two basal segments,
a black segmental Une at extremity ; fore coxae with orange-yellow spot in
front. Forewing thinly scaled, dull white to middle, then black-brown ; a
triangular black- brown jiatch on costa from near base to the dark terminal area,
its apex just below the cell ; a large black spot below middle of submedian fold,
not extending below vein 1 ; slight orange-yellow streaks on basal part of median
nervure and vein 1 ; the outer edge of the white area excm-ved below the cell ;
a white patch with some orange-yellow in centre on the discocellulars and a
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 271
subterminal .spot below vein 4. Hindwdng rosy red with a slight orange tinge ;
the costal area white to beyond middle ; a black- brown terminal band to vein 1,
expanding into a large apical patch and into a patch at vein 2. Underside of
forewing with some orange- yellow suffusion below the cell on basal area, in
middle of cell, and above vein 1 bej'ond middle ; hind wing with the red
■extending to the costa.
Hob. Natal, Pinetown (Leigli), 1 $, Durban (Gueinzius, Gooch, Burrows),
5 5 type. Exp. 30-34 mill. Probably belongs to the sect. Euctenia.
Neurosymploca hyalina n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax duU brown mixed with whitish ; antennae black-bro«ni ;
irons white ; abdomen pale fulvous yellow, the anal tuft with black mixed ;
pectus and legs white and dark brown. Forewng thinly scaled ; pale dull
brown, the costal edge black-brown ; diffused white patches below the cell at
base and middle, the latter rather quadrate. Hindwing thinly scaled, white
tinged with dull brown, the cilia darker brown. Underside uniformly tinged
with dull brown.
Hab. Natal, Maritzburg, 2 <S type. Exp. 30 mill. Belongs to the sect.
Euctenia Feld. (non. descr.) with the antennae of male bipectmate.
Neurosymploca meterythra n. sp.
tJ. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown, the frons at sides, palpi, and
tegulae at sides orange-yellow, the patagia at base and tips and the metathorax
behind crimson-red ; femora on inner side and ventral surface of abdomen
orange-yellow. Forewing dull piu'phsh rufous, the costal edge and cilia black ;
a small crimson spot with some black below it below base of costa, and a subbasal
spot above vein 1 with some black on its outer edge ; a black and crimson point
in middle of cell and small crimson spots defined by black below middle of cell
and on the discocellulars. Hindwing orange-scarlet, the inner margin suffused
with black ; a narrow terminal black band, its inner edge sUghtly incurved below
vein 2. Underside of forewing dull scarlet to just beyond the cell.
Hab. Natal, jMaritzburg, 2 (J type. Exp. 30 mill. Nearest to N. pagana
Kirby, in which species, however, and also in N. caffra Linn., the forewing has
vein 7 stalked with 8, 9.
Neurosymploca coniuncta n. sp.
cj. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, glossed with silverjr blue, the tegulae
orange-yellow at sides, the femora above and tibiae below yellow, the abdomen
with lateral yellow sjjots on 2nd segment. Forewing black glossed with metallic
blue, the greater part of wing occupied by orange-yellow patches defined by
white ; the basal area yellow from just below costa to just above mner margin,
separated by a sinuous blue-black hne from a medial yellow patch from below
costa to above inner margin, quadrate to median nervure and below the cell,
expanding into a conical patch to near tornus ; the medial patch conjoined to a
large round discoidal yellow spot, which again is conjoined near its lower edge
to a lunulate subterminal patch between veins 8 and 3. Hindwing rosy red ;
272 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. Ill HI.
a slight black spot at upper angle of cell ; a narrow black terminal band,
expanding at apex and into slight triangular marks at veins 2 and 1.
Hab. Pondoland, Nggeleni (Swinny), 1 ^ type. Exp. 32 mill. Nearest to-
2\ . lateralis Jord.
Pycnoctena melaenella n. sp.
Antennae of male bipectinate with long branches somewhat dilated at
extremity.
cJ. Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Forewing black, the cell except
towards base, a fascia below it, and the interspaces beyond the cell semihyaline.
Hindwing semihyaline, sparsely clothed with fuscous scales, the veins and ciUa
black.
Hah. Brazil, ^linas Geraes, 1 o type. Exp. 16 mill.
Phacusa chalcobasis n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the tegulae golden cupreous, the meta-
tliorax irrorated with golden cupreous scales, the abdomen tinged with blue-green
and with golden cupreous segmental bands, except at extremity ; frons pale
rufous ; proboscis whitish rufous ; pectus, with golden cupreous patches below
the wings. Forewing black glossed with greenish blue ; a golden-cupreous patch
at base, except at inner margin ; a short hyaUne streak above middle of cell,
fasciae above and below discal fold in the cell towards its extremity, fasciae
on medial area above and below submedian fold, the lower extending to towards
termen, and elliptical spots beyond the cell above and below vein 4. Hindwing
black with a slight purple gloss ; a large hyaline patch on inner area from near
base to near tornus, a spot beyond the ceU above vein 3 and slight spot above
vein 4.
Hab. Sumatra, 1 ^ type. Exp. 38 mill.
Phacusa manilensis n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous black, the last dorsally suti'used
with blue ; antennae with a slight bluish gloss ; proboscis whitish. Forewing
fuscous black ; a short hyaline streak above middle of cell, a wedge-shaped
patch in the cell towards its extremity, with elongate marks below it above and
below submedian fold, and elongate spots beyond the cell above veins 6, 4, 3.
Hindwing fuscous black ; hyaline marks on medial area in the interspaces below
the cell, extending above inner margin to near tornus, a spot beyond the cell
al)ove vein 3 and slight spot above vein 4.
Hab. Philippines, Luzon, Alanila, 1 $ type. Exp. 34 mill.
Phacusa nicobarica n. sp.
Forewing with veins 5, 6 stalked ; 7, 8 stalked or coincident, arising from 10.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with metallic blue-green ; antennae
slightly glossed with blue-green ; proboscis pale. Forewing black suffused with
metallic blue-green ; a short hyaUne streak above middle of cell, a wedge-shaped
patch in end of cell bisected by the discal fold, fasciae on medial area below
the cell above and below the submedian fold, the lower extending to towards
XoviTATES Zoological XXVI. 101!l. 273
termen, and elongate spots beyond the cell above veins 6, 5, 4, 3, with a slight
spot above base of vein 2. Hindwing black glossed with blue-green ; a large
hj'aline patch on inner area from near base to near tornus intersected by dark
streaks on the veins, and elongate spots beyond the cell above and below vein 4
with a slight streak above vein 5.
Hah. Nicobars (Rogers), 2 ij, 3 ? tyjie. Exp. 26-30 mill.
Illibeiis endocyanea n. sp.
2. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown glossed with metalUc blue, the
last very strongly suffused with metallic blue on dorsum, the anal tuft brownisli
ochreous ; antennae suffused with metallic blue ; proboscis pale rufous. Fore-
wing hyaline, the veins and margins black-brown ; the basal area, the costal
area to middle, and the inner area below suljmedian fold black-brown, the last
with a rounded patch of metallic blue suffusion at middle ; a slight metallic blue
spot at base of cell, a strong slightly curved black-brown discoidal bar ; the
black-brown on termen sUghtly expanding at apex. Hindwing hyaline, the
veins, margins, costal area and cell black-brown, leaving a hyaUne streak in lower
part of cell from near base. Underside with the costal area of forewing ana
the costal area and cell of hindwing glossed with metallic blue.
Hab. Assam (Badgley), 4 $ tyiJe. Exp. 32-36 mill.
Artona flaviciliata n. sp.
?. Head and thorax black, the former suffused with silvery blue, the palpi,
sides of frons, genae, dorsal and lateral spots on tegulae, spots at base of patagia
and a short streak behind them yellow ; antennae white before tips ; abdomen
chrome- yellow with a black band on penultimate segment ; pectus yellow and
brown ; legs yellow and blackish, the tarsi blackish ringed with yellow ; ventral
surface of abdomen with blackish bands, obsolescent towards the band on penul-
timate segment. Forewing black-brown ; a chrome- yellow streak below base
of costa and short medial fascia below costa, a wedge-shaped patch below base
of cell, a small spot below base of vein 2 with an elongate spot below it, an elliptical
spot beyond upper angle of cell and triangular spot beyond lower angle ; cilia
yellow except at base. Hindwing chrome- yeUow ; a black fascia in the cell ;
a black terminal band expanding on apical area, its inner edge angled inwards
at discal fold to the fascia in the cell, and slightly angled inwards at vein 2 ;
ciUa yellow except at base.
Hab. Sikhim, Raitdong (Tibet Exp.), 1 ? tyi^e. Exp. 26 mill.
Differs from A. fulvida Butl. in the cilia being yellow except at base.
Artona digitata n. sp.
$. Head and thorax black, the head glossed with silver, the palpi white,
a white streak above the eyes, the tegulae with dorsal and lateral white spots,
the patagia and sides of metathorax with white streaks ; abdomen black banded
with pale yellow, the anal tuft white at extremity ; pectus, coxae, and femora
white, the tibiae pale yellow, the tarsi banded fuscous and yellow ; ventral
surface of abdomen white except the anal segment. Forewing black ; a yellowish
white streak below base of costa and wedge-sliaped patch below the cell, a short
;streak below middle of costa, another below base of vein 2 with a rather longer
274 Xo\TTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
streak below it, a trifid spot beyond upper angle of cell and bifid wedge-shaped
spot beyond lower angle indented by dark streaks on the veins. Hindwing
black-brown ; a yellowish white fascia below the cell, expanding into and just
beyond the lower angle of ceU, and a fascia on vein 1 from base to beyond middle ;
cilia whitish at tips.
Hah. Burma, Tenasserim, Dawnat Hills, 1 $ type. Exp. 20 mill.
Differs from A. zebraica Butl. in the forewing having the spots beyond the-
cell indented by dark streaks on the veins.
Artona phaeoxantha n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown, the frons with a silvery
leaden gloss, the eyes suiTOunded by yellow, the palpi yellow and brown, the
tegulae edged with orange-yellow, strongly at sides, the patagia slightly edged
with orange-j^ellow, and the metathorax strongly suffused with orange-j'eUow.
the abdomen with orange-yeUow bands, narrow on ventral surface ; pectus and
legs red-brown and orange-yellow. Forewing dark red-brown ; a subbasal
orange-yellow streak below the costa and wedge-shaped patch below the cell,
an elongate spot lielow middle of costa and anotlier below the submedian fold
beyond middle, a large rounded spot beyond upper angle of cell conjoined basaUy
to a triangular spot beyond lower angle. Hindwing dark red-bro^vn ; an orange-
yellow fascia below the cell, expanding Liito and just beyond lower angle of cell,
anil conjoined at base to a streak on vein 1 extending to beyond middle.
Hab. Madras, Shevaroy Hills (Jlorris), 1 $ type. E.rp. 22 mill.
Closely allied to A. valceri IMoore, from Java.
Tasema fulvithcrax n. sp.
Head, tegulae, and patagia black-brown, the dorsum of thorax fulvous
yellow ; abdomen fulvous yellow with some black-brown hair at base, and the
three terminal segments black-brown ; antennae black with a slight leaden gloss ;
legs fulvous suffused with black-brown ; ventral surface black-bro«ai. Wings
uniform black-brown, slightly semihyaline.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Ft. Mangoche (Neave), 1 cJ, 1 $, Mt. Mlanje (Neave),
2o, 1 ? ; Portuguese E. Africa, Kola Valley (Neave), 2(J, 1 ? type. Exp. cj 18,
$ 22 miU.
Differs from T. iitaea Druce in having tlie dorsum of thorax fulvous yellow..
Metanycles flavibasis n. sp.
Head and thorax black with a slight bluish gloss ; the shoulders with an
orange-yellow stripe ; abdomen orange-yeUow, the two basal segments and
two terminal segments black-browii with a sUght bluish gloss ; antennae with
some yellow on shaft above towards tips, the branches tipped with yeUow to
be\ond middle ; frons, palpi, and fore coxae orange- yellow ; legs yellow, the
femora black-brown on outer side ; ventral surface of abdomen and the anal
tuft below orange-yeUow. Forewing black with a blue-green gloss ; the basal
aifa orange-yellow except at inner margin, its outer edge oblique to middle
of costa, the costal edge yellow to beyond middle ; cilia ochreous except at base.
Hindwing hj-aline tinged with lirown. the costal area and termen suffused with
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919, 275
brown, some yellowish at base of costa, the veins dark ; ciha pale at tips.
Underside of forewing with the yellow diffused into ochreous white extending
to end of cell and on inner area to near temien ; hindwing with the costal area
yellow to beyond middle.
Hah. Br. C. Africa, Ruo VaUey (Neave), 1 ?, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 8 (?, 5 $
type. Exp. cj 16, ? 18 mill.
Clelea microphaea n. sp.
cj. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown with a faint purplish gloss,
the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen paler brown. Wings uniform
dark red-brown with a faint purpUsh gloss.
Hab. Corea, Gensan (Leech), 1 c? type. Exp. 14 mUl.
Clelea syriaca n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark reddish brown with a slight cupreous
gloss, the palpi paler. Forewing uniform dark reddish brown with a slight
cupreous gloss, the cilia whitish except at base. Hindwing dark red-brown,
the ciHa whitish except at base.
Hah. TS. Syria, Shar-Deresy, 1 ^ type. Exp. 20 mill.
Genus Sthenoprocris nov.
Type : >S. malgassica.
Proboscis and palpi minute ; frons smooth and without prominence ; antennae
of male bipectinate with rather long branches to apex ; build slender, the ab-
domen long ; mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Forewing
long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obUquely cm-ved ; the cell long ;
vein 2 from about three-fourths length of cell ; 3 from well before angle ; 4 from
angle ; 5 from well above angle ; 6, 7, 8 well separated ; 9, 10 stalked ; H
from cell. Hindwing narrow, the apex and termen rounded ; vein 2 from about
half length of cell ; 3 from well before angle ; 4 from angle ; 5 from well above
angle ; 6 from well below upper angle ; 7, 8 coincident.
Sthenoprocris malgassica n. sp.
(J. Black-brown, the thorax with orange-yellow band behind the head.
Hab. Madagascar, Tananarive, type (J in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 20 mill.
Genus Chalconycles.
ypo-
Chalconycles Jordan, Entom. xl. p. 123 (1911) veluliiia
Sect. I. — Hindwing with veins 3 and 5 stalked.
(1) Chalconycles albipalpis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown shghtly glossed with blue ;
lower part of frons at sides and palpi dull white, the latter with the 3rd joint
tinged with yellow ; pectus, legs below, and ventral surface of abdomen dvdl
■white, the pectus in front and coxae fulvous yellow. Forewing black-brown
276 XoVITiTES ZOOLOOICAK XX\n. 1919.
glossed witli leaden grey. Hindwing black-brown : the area below the cell
hyaline, extending to just above inner margin towards base and below vein 3
to near termen.
Hab . Ivory Coast, Bingerville (G. Melon), type q i'l C'oll. Rothschild.
Exf. 20 mill.
There is in B.M. another species of this section from Sierra Ijcone not in good
enough condition to describe.
Sect. II. — Hindwing, with veins 3 and 5 from the cell.
(2) Chalconycles chloauges.
Adacxta chloauges HoU., Paijchc. 1893. p. .'$74.
Hob. Gaboon.
(3) Chalconycles vetulina.
Chalccnydes vetulina .lord., Enlmn. xl. p. 124 (1911).
Hob. Uganda.
(4) Chalconycles anhyalea n. sp.
(^. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown, slighth' glossed above with
metallic blue, the antennae white at tips ; the genital tufts white tinged with
fulvous ; wings uniform black-brown, the forewing with a slight leaden gi'ey
gloss.
Hah. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), type q i'l Coll. Rothschild. Exp.
20 mill.
Saliunca fulviceps n. sp.
$. Head and tegulae golden orange, the antennae black glossed with blue
except at base ; thorax and abdomen black glossed metallic blue-green ; pectus
in front golden orange ; ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white except the
two terminal segments. Forewing black- brown suffused with purple-blue, the
cell and area just beyond it with a greenish tinge. Hindwing black-brown suffused
with piu-ple-blue, the interspaces of inner area to the median nervure and vein 2
hyaline.
Hab. Br. E. Africa, N. Kavirondo, Maramas Distr. (Neave), 1 ? type.
Exp. 30 mill.
Differs from <S. ventralis Jord. in the head and tegulae Ijeing golden orange
and not the thorax.
Saliunca cyanea n. sp.
$. Head black suffused with brilliant metallic blue ; thorax golden orange,
the patagia blue-black except the upper edge ; abdomen black suffused with
briUiant metallic blue ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen golden orange ;
legs black glossed with blue. Forewing uniform black suffused wth briUiant
metalhc blue. Hindwing black suffused with brilliant metallic blue, the costal
area broadly suffused with purple ; the interspaces below the cell and vein 1
to near end of cell hvalinc.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 191^ 277
Hah. TTganda, Semliki Valley, Buamba Forest (Xeave), 1 ? type. Exp.
30 mm.
Differs from S. styx Fabr. in the forewing being brilliant metallic blue, the
thorax more golden.
Saliunca metacyanea n. sp.
cJ. Head black glossed with blue ; thorax golden fulvous ; abdomen black
strongly suffused with metaUic blue ; legs black. Forewing uniform deep iron-
brown, with a faint purple gloss. Hindwing black strongly suffused with metalUc
blue, the lower part of cell, the interspaces below it, and spots above bases of
veins 4, 3, 2 hyaline. Underside suffused with purple-blue.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ^ type. Exp. 38 mill.
Differs from 8. styx Fabr. in the hindwing being brilhant metallic blue.
Saliunca aenescens n. sp.
{J. Head dark brown glossed with bronze ; thorax golden fulvous ; abdomen
dark bronze-brown ; legs bronze-brown. Forewing uniform bronze-brown.
Hindwing bronze-brown, the lower part of cell and the interspaces below the
cell thinly scaled.
?. Head and abdomen black glossed with blue.
Hah. Br. E. Africa, Mt. Kenya, 5,000 ft. (Neave), 1 $, Victoria Nyanza,
Kerenge (Betton), 1 (J type ; tTganda, Chagwe, Mabira Forest (Neave), 1 ^,
I ?. Exp. 28-32 mill.
Differs from S. styx Fabr. in the forewing being uniform bronze-brown and
the hindwing having no hyaline.
Saliimca cyanothorax n. sp.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black suffused with brilhant metalhc blue,
the tegulae and patagia except at extremities golden orange ; pectus and ventral
surface of abdomen golden orange ; legs dark brown. Forewing black suffused
with briUiant metalUc blue shading to purple on terminal area. Hindwing
black suffused with brilliant metalhc blue shading to purple on co.stal area, the
interspace below the cell to vein 2 and the interspace below vein 1 hyaline.
Hab. Uganda, Toro, Daro Forest (Neave), 1 $ type. Exp. 26 mill.
Differs from <S. cyanea Hmpsn. in the dorsum of thorax being black suffused
with metaUic blue.
Saliunca sapphirina n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black glossed with brilliant metaUic blue,
the base of tegulae golden fulvous ; pectus golden fulvous at sides ; legs black-
brown. Forewing uniform black strongly suffused with briUiant metalUc blue.
Hindwing black strongly suffused with brilhant metaUic blue, the lower part
•of ceU, the interspaces below it, and spots above bases of veins 4, 3, 2 hyaUne.
Hab. Uganda, Toro, Daro Forest (Neave), 1 ? type. Exp. 34 mUl.
Differs from S. cyanothorax Hmpsn. in the tegulae and patagia being black
suffused with metaUic blue, with only the base of the tegulae golden orange ;
.the hindwing with the hj'aUne extending into and beyond the ceU.
278 NOVITATES ZOOIOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
Saliunca chalconota n. sp.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen black suffused with deep metallic blue,
the metathorax golden cupreous ; pectus at sides with golden cupreous spots.
Forewing black suflfused with brilhant metallic blue, the end of cell and area
just beyond it with a more purple tinge. Hindwing Ijlack suffused with brilliant
metaUic blue, the end of ceD and area just beyond it with a more purple tinge ;
the interspaces below the cell and above base of vein 2 hyaUne sparsely clothed
with hair-like black scales. Underside suffused with deep piu-ple-blue.
Hah. Uganda, E. Busoga, Jiuja (Neave), 1 $ type. Exp. 36 mill.
Differs from S. homochroa Holl. in the wings being suffused with brilliant
metallic blue.
Saliunca cyanopis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black strongly suffused with brilliant metallic
blue, the base of patagia and the metathorax with white spots ; hind coxae
with some white ; ventral surface of abdomen with sublateral white stripes
except at extremity. Forewing fuscous brown with a bluish grey gloss, the
costal area to just beyond the cell and the inner area to middle suffused with
brilliant metaUic blue ; a white stripe in submedian interspace from base to
near origin of vein 2 ; an elhptical white spot in middle of cell ; a large round
white discoidal spot ; the interspaces of terminal area with elongate white spots
between vein 8 and the submedian fold, the spot above vein 2 longer. Hindwing
glossy fuscous-brown ; a white discoidal spot bisected by the dark discocellulars ;
the inner area below submedian fold white with vein 1 dark, and a hyaline patch
above it below base of cell.
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen without the white marldngs ; forewing
black suffused with brilliant metallic blue-green, the white markings absent
except the discoidal spot ; hindwing black sUghtly shot with metallic blue-green;
the whole inner area below the cell hyaUne from near base to towards termen,
underside of both wings suffused with metallic blue, the hindwing with slight
white discoidal spot.
Hub. N. W. Rhodesia, Solweri (H. Dollman), 1 cJ, 1 2 type. Exp. <S 42,
? 38 mill.
A bred series of both sexes in Coll. Dollman.
Saliunca meridionalis n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black suffused vvitli metallic blue-green,
the Irons white, the antennae with the shaft above towards tips and the branches
above on inner side white, the patagia with white spots at base, tlie alxlomen
with dorsal white spots on two basal segments, traces of spots on four following
segments, subdorsal spots and sublateral bars on 2nd to 6th segments. Forewng
black suffused with metallic blue-green ; a white fascia in submedian fold from
near base to middle, a round white discoidal spot and smaller rather elongate
spot between veins 3 and 2. Hindwing black suffused with metallic blue-green,
shading to jnirple on costal area to near apex ; a wedge-shaped hyaline fascia
below the cell and rather elhptical white discoidal spot. Underside with a more
purple tinge, the hindwing with some white in base of cell and the inner margin
suffused with white.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 279
$. Head, thorax, and abdomen without any of the white markings ; forewing
with the white discoidal spot only ; hindwing with the hyaline fascia obsolescent
and without the white discoidal spot or white on underside.
Ab. 1 $. Fore^ving with the discoidal spot obsolescent.
Ab. 2, cJ, $. Hindwing without hyahne fascia below the cell.
Hab. Br. C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 8 cJ, 12 $ type ; Portuguese E.
Africa, Ruo VaUey (Neave), 4 cj, 3 $ ; Mozambique, Beira (Sheppard), 1 cj, 3 $.
Exp. 30-38 mill.
Differs from S. difformis Jord. in being black suffused with metalHc blue-
green instead of brown suffused with bronze-green and purple ; the male with
white dorsal spots on the abdomen, the female with a white discoidal spot. The
sexes were taken in copula by Mr. Neave in Portuguese E. Africa, and by
]Mr. Sheppard at Beira.
Saliunca cupreittncta n. sp.
o. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown suffused with metallic blue-
green, the patagia with white spots at base, the abdomen with subdorsal and
sublateral white spots on 2nd to 6th segments. Forewing black-brown suffused
with purple, with a slight cupreous gloss to end of ceU, the area beyond it suffused
with dull blue-green ; a round white discoidal spot and obsolescent spot between
veins 3 and 2. Hindwing black-brown suffused with purphsh blue ; an ob-
solescent white discoidal spot. Underside suffused with bluish pm'ple ; forewing
with the spot between veins 3 and 2 distinct and eUiptical ; hindwing with the
discoidal spot distinct, a shght white streak in base of submedian fold and the
inner margin suffused with white.
Ab. 1. Forewing of male with the spot between veins 3 and 2 obsolete.
$. Patagia, abdomen, and wings without the white markings.
Hah. Br. E. Africa, Makindu (Neave), 3 (J, 2 ? type, Simba (Neave), 1 S,
\oi (Betton), 2 ? ; Ankole (Neave), 4 ?. Exp. 28-40 mill.
The sexes were taken in copula by Mr. Neave ; possibly an aberration of
'S'. difformis Jord., the male without the white fascia in the submedian fold of
forewing and the hyahne fascia of the hindwing.
Saliunca esmeralda n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen black suffused with metalhc blue-green,
tho antennae with the shaft brilliant metalhc green above, the abdomen with
sul lateral white spots on 2nd to 6th segments. Forewing blackish strongly
KuiTused with brilliant metalhc blue-green ; a round white discoidal spot and
spot between veins 3 and 2. Hindwing blackish suffused with blue-green ; the
interspaces below the cell with hyahne streaks ; an obsolescent white discoidal
spot. Underside suffused with metallic blue-green, the forewing with slight
white streak below vein 2, the hindwing with the discoidal spot distinct.
Ab. 1. Forewing without the white spot between veins 3 and 2 ; hindwing
without the white discoidal spot on underside.
Hab. N. Nigeria, Banchi Prov. Panyam (G. T. Fox), 1 ? ; tTganda, Entebbe
(Gowdey), 1 $ type. E.vp. 40 mill.
280 NOTITATES ZOOIOGICAI: XXVI. 1919.
Salianca chlorotica n. sp.
cj. Head and thorax black-browTi glossed wth metallic green, the proboscis
fulvous yellow ; abdomen black-brown .slightly glossed with green ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen black-broT^Ti glossed with green. Forewing
black-brown glossed with metallic green ; a round white spot on discocellulars
and rather more elliptical spot below end of cell. Hindwing black-brown glossed
with metallic green, the area below the cell hyaline to just above inner margin
and towards termen. Underside of forewing with the spot below end of cell
rather reduced and less well defined ; hindwing with somewhat diffused white
spot on the discocellulars.
Hah. Trench Congo, Fort Crampel, 2 o tyP^ i" Coll. Rothschild. Exp.
26-28 mill.
Genus Caffricola nov.
Crameria avctorum, nee Hiibner.
Type : C. cloet,cneria.
Proboscis aborted and not functional ; palpi porrect, not reaching beyond
the frons and thickly scaled ; frons smooth ; eyes large, round ; antennae of
both sexes bipectinate with rather long branches to apex ; tibiae with all the
sputrs present. Forewing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ;
all the veins present and given off at about equal distances from the cell. Hind-
wing with veins 2, 3, 4 well separated ; 5 from middle of discocellulars ; C, 7
separate ; 8 free.
Cafiricola cloeccneria.
Bomhyx cloeckneria StoU, Cram. Pap. Ezot. iv. pi. 34S. f. a. (1781) ; Kirby, Cat. Lap. Hel. p. 81.
Hab. Gazaland ; Transvaal ; Zalnland ; Natal ; Cape Colony.
CHALCOSIAKAE.
Isbarta unicolOT n. sp.
(J. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous brown tinged with red-brown, the
branches of antennae rather redder brown, the ventral surface of abdomen with
white segmental hues. Forewing ochreous brown uniformly suffused with
red-brown. Hindwing ochreous brown tinged with red-brown, the costal half
more strongly suffused with red-brown. Underside uniformly suffused with
red-brown.
Hab. Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching (Lewis), 1 cJ type. Exp. 40 mUl.
Pintia dolichoptera n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax chocolate-brown suffused with metallic blue-green ;
abdomen deep metallic greenish blue ; frons at sides and palpi at base whitish ;
pectus chocolate-brown and blue-green, with some white below base of wings ;
coxae, femora, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown ; tibiae
and tarsi red-brown, the former suffused with blue-green above. Forewing
produced at apex and with the termen oblique, chocolate-brown ; the costa
to middle, the median nervure, and base of vein 2, vein I, and the inner margin
No\1TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 281
to beyond middle streaked with metallic blue-green ; an oblique postmedial'
series of four elongate white spots irrorated with brown from below the costa
to above vein 3, and a minute spot above base of vein 6. Hindwing deep metallic
blue, the costa chocolate brown, the cilia dark brown. Underside of forewing
chocolate-brown, the costa metallic blue-green to beyond middle with some
white below it towards base, the submedian interspace white to beyond middle
w-ith obhque outer edge, the postmedial spots white ; hindwing chocolate-brown
\\ith some blue-green suffusion on costa and inner margin, a white fascia irrorated
with brown in the ceD, the submedian interspace suffused with white, and white
sjjuts beyond the cell above veins 5 to 2.
Hab. Philippines, Manila (Ledyard), 1 <J type. E.rp. 50 mill.
Nearest to P. Iiecabe Roths.
Campylotes burmana n. sp;
5. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown suffused with leaden blue, the
coxae, femora, and tibiae below orange-yellow, the abdomen with lateral series
of orange-yellow spots, the ventral surface orange-yellow with black segmental
lines. Forewing black-brown with leaden blue suffusion along the veins, discal
and submedian folds, and on inner margin ; a scarlet fascia lielow basal half
of costa bisected by a dark streak on vein 6 except towards base ; a scarlet fascia
in upper part of middle of cell ; orange-yellow streaks above and below the
submedian fold and below vein 1 to beyond middle ; a small wedge-shaped
orange- yellow streak in lower part of cell beyond its middle ; orange-yellow
spots in upper and lower parts of cell towards its extremity, spots beyond the
cell below costa and above veins 6, 5, 2, obliquely placed postmedial spots below
costa and above vein 7, the former minute ; a curved subterminal series above
veins 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, the spot above 7 minute, and short streaks above and below
submedian fold. Hindwing black-brown, the veins, discal and submedian folds
tinged with blue, the termen suffused with metallic blue ; scarlet fasciae in the
cell above and below discal fold, and scarlet and yellow fasciae above and below
submedian fold, and on inner area above and below vein 1 a to beyond middle ;
elongate scarlet marks beyond the cell above and below vein 6, and spots above
veins 5, 3, 2 ; a yellow streak below costa towards apex, and a subterminal series-
of nine yellow spots, the spot below vein 6 minute.
Hab. Burma, S. Kyen Hills, 6,000 ft. (Watson), 1 ? type. Exp. SO mill.
Differs from C. splendida Elwes in the wings having the crimson-red markings
re})laced by scarlet, those on the inner area of the forewing being orange-yellow
and on the hindwing scarlet and yellow.
Amesia viriditincta n. sp.
(J. Head and thorax black-brown, the frons with wliite points at sides above
and below, the vertex of head with slight white streak and the eyes with white
hues behind, the tegulae and patagia with some white scales on their edges ;
abdomen fuscous black glossed with blue-green ; small white spots below the
eyes, the pectus and abdomen with white and metallic blue marks at sides, the
tibiae slightly streaked with white. Forewing black-brown ; the basal area
obliquely with sUght diffused white and blue marks ; small obliquely placed
chrome-yellow antemedial spots below costa and above and below submedian
282 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919
fold, with two spots beyond them in the cell ; an oblique chestnut-red medial
line from subcostal nervnre to vein 1, incurved just below the cell and with tlie
veins and submedian fold beyond it streaked with chestnut-red to near termen ;
a blue and white striga from costa before middle ; small white spots below
middle of costa, in upper end of cell, beyond the ceU in discal fold, a strongly
curved postmedial series from below costa to below vein 2, and a curved sub-
terminal series with the spot above vein 2 rather farther from the termen and
the spot below submedian fold much farther. Hindwing fuscous black suffused
with metaUic blue-green, the costal area, cell to origin of vein 2, a fascia below
the cell, and the terminal area to submedian fold more strongly suifused, and
the inner area very sUghtly suffused ; two small white spots in end of cell, a
curved postmedial series from below costa to above vein 2, and a subterminal
series on veins 6 to 2. Underside dark chocolate-brown with the inner areas
suffused with metaUic blue, the white spots placed on diffused blue marks, the
forewing with two yellow antemedial spots below costa and two in the cell, the
hindwing with sUglit yellow antemedial spot below costa and a larger spot in
upper part of middle of cell.
Hab. rormosa, Horisha (H. J. Elwes), 1 ^ type. Exp. 80 mill.
Differs from A. sangiflua in the hindwing being suffused with blue-green
extending to the base, except on inner area, instead of brilliant blue almost
confined to the terminal area.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 283
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEUROPTEROUS
INSECTS OF ALGERIA.
By R. F. LONGINUS NAVAS, S.I.
THE following list is the result of the study of a small collection of Neuroptera
collected in the year 1913 by Lord Rothschild and Dr. Ernst Hartert, and
in the year 1914 by the same Dr. Hartert and his assistant, Mr. Carl HUgert.
All the species are interesting and worthy of mention, at least for the locaUties.
All the specimens are in my collection, presented to me by Dr. Hartert, to whom
I offer here my warmest thanks.
Family MYRMELEONIDAE.
Tribe Myrmeleonini Banks.
1. Morter alteraans Brull. var. faseiata Nav. Ain Sefra, South Oran, May
1-18, 1913 (VV. R. et E. H.) ; Oued N9a, M'zab country, April 16-30, 19U
(E. H. et C. H.)
2. Loperus fedschenkoi MacLachl. El Alia, between Touggourt and Guerrara,
April 12, 1914 (E. H. et C. H.) ; Oued Nga, M'zab country, April 16-30, 1914
(E. H. et C. H.) ; Ain Sefra, South Oran, May 1-18, 1913 (W. R. et E. H.).
Tribe Pignatellini Nav.
3. Mesonemurus gen. nov.
Similis Macronemuro Latr.
Caput antennis fortibus, thorace brevioribus, clava forti, insertione haud
latius diametro primi articuli distantibus.
Abdomen cyUndricum, in $ ahs brevius, in cj alls multo longius, tertio
segmento leviter inflato ; cercis cylindricis, octavo abdominis segmento multo
brevioribus.
Pedes fortes ; calcaribus jjrimo tarsorum articulo longioribus ; tarsis
articulo primo vix longiore secundo, 2-4 brevibus, subaequalibus, quinto prae-
cedentibus simul sumptis longitudine subaequali.
Alae angustae ; angulo cubiti aperto ; area apicali paucis vel nullis venulis
gradatis instructa.
Ala anterior linea plicata anteriore et posteriore indicatis.
Ala posterior area radiali 2 venulis internis, linea plicata anteriore indicata ;
cJ nulla pilula axillari.
A Macronemuro differt praecipue brevitate cercorum in cj et jirimi articuli
tarsorum, numero venularum radialium internarum in ala posteriore et praesentia
lineae plicatae in eadem ala.
The type of the new genus is the following species.
284 NonTATES ZoOLOGICiE XXVI. 1019.
■i. Mesonemurus harterti sp. nov. (fig. 1).
Caput (tig. l,a) fulvum ; fascia inter antennas, alia transversa in vertice,
duobus punctis in occipite et stria media longitudinali, interdum interrupta (o),
nigiis ; oculis fuscis ; palpis fulvis, ultimo articulo labialium externe macula
nigia notato ; antennis thorace brevioribus, clava forti, fulvis, fusco annulatis.
Prothorax (fig. 1 , a) paulo longior quam latior ($), vel subaeque longus ac
latus ((J), fulvo-testaeeus, pilis lateralibus fulvis ; superne fascia bina longitudi-
FiG. 1. — Mesonemurus harterti Nav.
a. HeaJ anj prothorax. I. Eml of abdomen. (In OoU. Xax-it?.)
iiali, ad sulcum transversum externe angulate emarginata, fusca. Meso- et
metathorax subtoti fusci, striis longitudinalibus parum completis fulvo-testaceis.
Abdomen subtotum fuscum, striis dorsalibus brevibus vel obsoletis testaceis ;
cinereo dense pilosum, in o segmentis 2-4 densius longiusque ; in $ alis brevius,
incjeisdem longius ; cercis o (fig- 1,^) cylindricis, arcuatis, fulvis, nigro longiter
pilosis, ultimo segmento abdominis longioribus ; lamina subgenitali (J longa,
acuta, longiter jjilosa.
Pedes fortes, fulvi, dense fusco punctati ; fusco dense longiterque setosi ;
albido pilosi ; femoribus superne subtotis fuscis ; calcaribus testaceis, ante-
rioribus duos primos, posterioribus primum tarsorum articulum .superantibus ;
tarsorum articulis apice nigris.
Alae angustae, hyalinae, subacutae ; area apicaU paucis venulis gradatis ;
reticulatione plerumque fusca, fulvo varia, cubito subtoto fusco ; stigmate f ulvo,
interne puncto fusco limitato.
Ala anterior 6 venulis radiaUbus internis ; sectore radii 6 ramis ; duabus
striis obliquis fuscis, rhegmali seu externa longiore et distinctiore, cubitali breviore ;
cubito partim anguste fusco marginato.
Ala posterior nuUis venulis limbatis ; duabus venulis radiaUbus internis,
interdum tribus ; sectore radii 5-6 ramis ; procubito subtoto fulvo ; cubito a
basi usque ad divisionem et ulterius in ramo anteriore, toto fusco.
c? ?
Long. Corp. . . . . .38 mm. 24 mm.
Long. al. ant. . . . . . 23 „ 23-5 „
Long. al. post. .... 20-5 „ 21 „
Long. cere. . . . . .3 ,,
From the Oued N^a, Mzab country, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. et C. H.),
NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919. 285
5. Macronemurus platycercns sp. nov. (fig. 2).
Etym. From Gr. TrXary? large and KepKo<; tail ; allusion to the relative
shortness and width of the cerci of <?.
Fulvus, fulvo-ferrugineo mistus.
Caput (fig. 2, a) facie, palpis et duobus primis articulis antennarum flavis ;
vertice plaga lata, occipite linea transversa, fuscis ; palporum labiaUum ultimo
articulo fusiformi elongate, acuto, externe fusco notato ; antennis ferrugineie,
vix fulvo annulatis.
Thorax flavus, fusco longitudinaliter striatus. Prothorax (fig. 2, o) paulo
latior quam longior, antrorsum leviter angustatus ; disco hnea media longitudinaU
pone sulcum, punctis ante sulcum et stria obUqua utrimque prope marginem
Fia. 2. — Macronemurus platycercui S Nav.
a. Hpad and protborax. &. End of abdomen, from side. (Id Coll. Xav^.)
posteriorem, fuscis. Pili laterales albidi. Meso- et metanotum tribus striis
longitudinaUbus fuscis, interruptis, media in duas tresve divisa.
Abdomen fulvum, palUdo breviter pilosum ; inferne fusco-ferrugineum ;
superne linea media longitudinali fusco-ferruginea ; cercis <J fuscis fuscoque
pilosis (fig. 2,6), latitudine abdominis paulo longioribus, sublaminaribus, arcuatis.
Pedes flavo-fulvi, fusco setosi ; apice tibiarum et articulorum tarsorum
fusco ; calcaribus testaceis, modice arcuatis, duos primes tarsorum articulos
aequantibus aut superantibus.
Alae hyalinae, irideae, acutae ; margine externo sub apicem leviter concavo ;
stigmate paUido, vix sensibUi ; reticulatione fulvo-pallida, ad venularum in-
sertionem fusco punctata ; area apicali serie venularum gradatarum instructa.
Pili fusci, densiuscuU, tenues.
Ala anterior 7 venulis radialibus internis ; sectore radii 8-9 ramis.
Ala posterior una venula radiali interna ; sectore radii 9-10 ramis.
Long. Corp. $ . . . . . . .28 mm.
Long. al. arit. ....... 22 „
Long. al. post. ....... 20-6 „
From Hammam Rirha, North Algeria, May 30, 1913 (VV. R. et E. H.).
Tribe Neuroleini Nav.
6. Neuroleon algericus Nav., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Nord Afrique, 1913, p. 216,
f. 3.
From the Oued N9a, M'zab coimtry, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. et C. H.) ; Ain
Sefra, South Oran, May 1-18, 1913 (W. R. et E. H.).
The type in the Vienna Museum being incomplete and the slender shape
19
286 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVT. ini9.
of the wings very remarkable, I give here tiie measurements of tiie specimens.
Length, 21 mm. ; breadth of the frontwing at the pterostigma, 3-5 mm. ; of
the hind wing at the same place, 2-9 mm.
Tribe Megistopini Nav.
7. Megistopus flavicorvis Ross.
From Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 (W. R. et E. H.). A Mediterranean
species, to my knowledge not previously recorded from Algeria.
Tribe Gymnoleini Nav.
8. Maracanda stigmalis Nav.
Oued N9a, M'zab country, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.).
Tribe Creoleini Till.
9. Creoleon aegyptiacus Rambur.
From Ain Sefra, South Oran, May 1-18, 1913 (W. R. and E. H.).
10. Mauroleo gen. nov.
SiMiLis Creoleoni Till.
Caput antennis longis, fere thorace longioribus ; clava baud forti ; insertions
minus latitudine primi articuli distantibus.
Abdomen aUs brevius (saltem in $).
Pedes mediocres ; tibiis anterioribus brevioribus suis femoribus ; calcaribus
fere tres primos tarsorum articulos longitudine aequantibus ; tarsorum articulo
1 brevi, 2-4 brevioribus, inter se aequaUbus, 5 longo, praecedentibus simul
sumptis subaequali.
Alae ad medium leviter dUatatae, manifeste longitudine inaequales, po-
steriore breviore ; margine externo convexo ; area apicali lata, serie venularum
gradatarum instructa ; linea plicata nulla.
Ala anterior sectore radii ultra divisionem cubiti orto ; ramis cubiti inter
se et cum margine posteriore paraUehs ; postcubito longo, margini posteriori
cubiti parallelo et cum eo anastomosi obliqua conjuncto.
This genus differs from the genus Creoleon Till. ( = Creagris Hag., nom
praeocc.) by the form of the wings, which are broader, less acute, with the exterior
margin convex, not emarginated, the liindwing plainly shorter than the front-
wing, etc.
The type is the next species.
II. Mauroleo turbidus sp. nov.
Fulvus, fusco maculatus.
Caput facie straminea ; vertice et occipite ferrugineo dense maculatis ;
oculis fuscis ; palpis flavis, ultimo articulo labialium inflato, externe puncto
fusco notato ; antennis fuscis, fulvo anguste annulatis ; duobus primis articuUs
flavis, superne stria fusca transversa signatis.
Prothorax j)aulo latior quam longior, superne bina stria longitudinal! media
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAi; XXVI. 1919. 287
ferruginea ; alia ad margines laterales pone sulcum transversum fusco-nigra.
Meso- et metathorax abunde vageque fusco notati.
Abdomen fulvum, albido breviter pilosum ; aliquot segmentis ad marginem
posticum fuscescentibus ; pilis spinulisve valvarum $ nigris.
Pedes fulvi, parce fusco punctati ; apice tibia rum et articulorum tarsorum
fusco-ferrugineo ; albo pilosi ; nigro longiterque setosi ; calcaribus testaceis,
parum curvatis, anterioribus tres primos, posterioribus duos primes tarsorum
articulos superantibus.
Alae hyalinae, irideae, apice subacutae, ad tertium apicale leviter dilatatae ;
stigmate albo-flavido, anteriore majore distinctioreque ; reticulatione fulvo-
pallida, fusco striata ; costa pallida.
Ala anterior area radiali 5-6 venulis internis ; sectore radii 7-8 ramis ;
area cubitali simpbce, angusta, ultima areola ad anastomosim divisa ; area post-
oubitaU simplice, angusta ; venis fusco striatis ; venulis fuscis pallidisque,
gradatis apicaUbus fuscis ; paucissimis ferrugineo vix sensibiliter limbatis.
Ala posterior brevior acutiorque ; una venula radiali interna ; sectore
radii 8 ramis ; area cubitali interna angusta, simplice, externa latiore, partim
triareolata. Venae striatae, sed procubitus totus et pleraeque venulae pallidae.
Long. Corp. $ . . . . . . .25 mm.
Long. al. ant. ....... 25-2 ,,
Long. al. post. ....... 22-8 ,,
From the Oued N9a, M'zab country, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.).
Family CHRYSOPIDAE.
Tribe Chrysopini Nav.
12. Chrysopa vulgaris Schn.
Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 (W. R. and E. H.).
13. Chrysopa vulgaris Schn. var. aeauata Nav.
Hammam R'irha, June 1, 1913 (W. R. and E. H.).
14. Chrysopa flavifrons Brau. var. nigropunctata Ed. Pict.
Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 {W. R. and E. H.).
15. Chrysopa euprepia Nav., Bull. Soc. Entom. Suisse, 1916, xii. p. 301,
pi. xxiv. f. 4.
Oued Nga, M'zab country, April 10-30, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.). New for
Algeria ; the type is from Tozeur, Tunisia.
16. Chrysopa pilosella Nav.
Hassi Dinar, south of Touggourt, April 12, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.) , Oued
N9a, M'zab country, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.)
288 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 191!>
17. Chrysopa genei Ramb.
Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 (W. R. and C. H.).
18. Chrysopa venosa Ramb.
Oued N9a, April 16-30, 1914 (E. H. and C. H.).
19. Cintameva iormosa Brau.
Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 (W. R. and E. H.). Already recorded from
Algeria by MacLachlan.
20. SlinTa gen. nov.
Genus Chrysopinorum.
Labrum antice truncatum. Antennae graciles, alis baud longiores.
Prothorax transversus.
Abdomen $ in ovipositorem acutum productum.
Pedes graciles ; unguibus arcuatis, basi baud fortiter dilatatis.
Alae angustae ; stigmate sensibili, in utraque area, costali et subcostali
vennlis instructo ; area procubitali hand angusta.
Ala anterior area costali baud fortiter dilatata ; cubito prope basim in-
crassato de more ; ceUula tertia procubitali indivisa, seu sine venula divisoria ;
vennlis gradatis in duas series dispositis.
Ala posterior postcubito seu ramo instructo ; venulis gradatis una serie,
externa.
The type is the next .species.
21. Minva punctata sp. nov. (fig. 3).
Viridis.
Caput viridi-flavum ; puncto nigro in media fronte, paulo ante antennas
diiobus in vertice, duobus in occipite ; antennis articulo primo viridi, puncto
nigro dorsali prope apicem internum ; secundo articulo_nigro, transverso ; ceteris
fuscis, basim versus fulvescentibus.
Fio. 3. — Minva punctata Nav., Wings.
(In Coll. Navis.)
Prothorax fortiter transversus ; piUs nigris ; margine antico late rotundato ;
lateralibus parallelis ; sulco transverso in tertio posteriore sito ; striola fusca
obliqua utrimque pone sulcum, prope margines laterales.
Abdomen viride, viridi pilosum ; ovipositore ? acuto, basi breviter crassiore,
subuliformi.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1910. 289
Pedes teretes, virides, nigro pilosi ; femoribus pallidioribus ; unguibus
fuscis.
Alae (fig. 3) hyalinae, irideae, angustae, apice subacutae ; retioulatione
viridi ; pilis fimbriisque brevibus, fuscis ; stigmate elongate, viridi-flavo.
Ala anterior venulis gradatis fere 2-4 ; seotore cubiti furcato ; postcubito
simplice.
Ala posterior venulis gradatis 3 ; una venula postcubitali.
Long. Corp. ? 6-5 mm.
Long. al. ant 10 „
Long. al. post 9-4 „
Prom Ain Sefra, South Oran, May 1-18, 1913 (W. R. and C. H.).
Tribe Nothochrysini Nav.
22. Reza gen. nov.
Genus Nothochrisiiiorum.
Caput labro antice emarginato, lobis rotundatis ; antennis baud alls
longioribus.
Abdomen cylindricum, aUs brevius.
Pedes teretes ; tibia posteriore baud compressa neve sulcata ; unguibus
basi fortiter dUatatis.
Alae latae ; stigmate elongate, in area costali venuUs destitute ; venulis
gradatis discalibus saltem in tres series dispositis.
Ala anterior cellula tertia procubitali in duas areolas, venula procubito et
■cubito subparallela, divisa ; vena cubitali prope basim de more incrassata.
The type is the following species.
23. Rexa lordina sp. nov. (fig. 4).
Viridis.
Caput flavum, rubro tinctuni ; oculis in sicco fuscis ; labro antice leviter
emarginato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis, parum prominentibus ; palpis fuscis,
ad articulationes palUdis.
FiQ. 4. — Rexa lordina $ Nav. Frontwing.
(Id Coll. Na743.)
Thorax superne fascia media longitudinali flava. Prothorax latior quara
longior, antrorsum leviter angustatus.
Abdomen viride, viridi pilosum.
Pedes virides, fuaco pilosi ; apice femorum, tibiarum, tarsisque totis flavis.
290 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Alae latae, apice elliptice rotundatae ; hyalinae, irideae ; reticulatione
viridi ; stigmate viridi pallido, parum sensibili.
Ala anterior (fig. 4) disco reticulato, venulis gradatis fere in quatuor series
dispositis ; ramis venulisque marginalibus fere furcatis ; aliquot venulis prope
basim fuscatis.
Ala posterior venulis costalibus et initio sectoris radii fuscato ; venuli*
gradatis in tres series dispositis, media serie paucis venulis, extremis 9-10.
Long. Corp. $ . . . . . . .10 mm.
Long. al. ant. ....... 13-5 „
Long. al. post. ....... 12-2 „
From Hammam R'irha, May 30, 1913 (W. R. and E. H.).
NOVITATES ZOOI.OOICAE XXVI. 1919.
291
SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS SURNICULUS.
By E. C. STUART BAKER, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
IN Volume XX. of Novitates Zoologicae, p. 340 et seq., Stresemann has
dealt at some length with the genus Surniculus, but I cannot agree with
all his conclusions.
He recognises only one species, S. lugubris, which he subdivides into four
geographical races . (1) <S. I. higubris, Java, Bali, and Ceylon ; (2) S. I. brachyurus,
Malay Peninsula and Sumatra and Borneo ; (3) S. I. dicruroides, N. India,
Burma, and Siam ; and (4) S. I. velutinus, Philippines.
In the first place there are, in my opinion, two distinct species, Surniculus
lugubris and Surniculus velutinus. Superficially the adults of the two are very
simUar in general appearance, though the latter has a brighter, deeper blue gloss
on the upper plumage than has the former and the underparts are a velvety black
rather than a brown-black. In velutinus also the white fringes to the tail feathers
are much more developed. The young are, however, entirely different, for whilst
in the lugubris group the young are black profusely spotted with white, the
young in the velutinus group are a rather bright rufous brown all over, with the
white markings, if any, confined to the outer tail feathers. As S. musschenbrocki
Rowley apparently belongs to the same group as velutinus, this takes priority
and the latter becomes a subspecies of the former.
Surniculus lugubris varies considerably in size, as is shown in the accom-
panying table compiled from the collection in the British Museum collection :
Wing Average.
Tail.
Specimens
Northern India .
140-3 mm. (134-147)
100-133 mm.*
27
Assam ....
138-6 mm. (133-144)
106-133 mm.
21
N. and Centr. Burma
135-2 mm. (130-147)
109-133 mm.
9
S. Burma ....
134-0 mm. (129-146)
109-133 mm.
17
Siam ....
13.5-2 mm. (132-137)
112-130 mm.
8
Malay States .
126-1 mm. (117-143)
10.3-132 mm.
21
Java and Bali .
128-2 mm. (121-144)
115-136 mm.
9
Sumatra ....
122-8 mm. (120-126)
99-135 mm.
3
Borneo ....
123-6 mm. (121-126)
102-121 mm.
4
Palawan ....
120-6 mm. (117-126)
10.5-115 mm.
12
Ceylon ....
126-5 mm. (123-131)
126-141 mm.
9
The measurements of this cuckoo are very puzzling ; roughly there seems
to be a big northern form covering India, Burma, and Siam, and a small one
inhabiting peninsular Burma and Siam, the Malay States, and the Islands, and
this division is further confirmed by the comparative length of tail, which averages
much shorter in the southern than in the northern form, and in the former
also, is squarer in shape.
Over nearly the whole area, however, individual birds are obtained which
are absolutely at variance with these conclusions, and it is probable that Surni-
culus, which is known to be partially migratory, sometimes wanders very far
• In the Tring Museum there are specimens with tails up to 147 mm.
292 NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 101!).
from its normal habitat. Xepal, Sikkim, and Northern Burma are seldom visited
by the small southern bird, and the islands, being well separated from the main-
land, have equally few visitors from the north. Possibly, if we could examine
locally breeding birds only our difficulties would mostly disappear.
There is, however, yet another means of differentiation which is to be found
between the Continental and Island forms, and that is on the shape of the wings,
a point I deal with later on. This confirms Stresemann's division of brachyurus
from lugubris, and without it I do not think they could be divided.
The Ceylon bird seems to differ in having a much longer tail than the Malayan
bird, in addition to having a different wing formula. It cannot, of course, be
confounded with the much larger Northern Indian bird.
I cannot separate birds from Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is true
that in the table given the Javan birds seem to average larger, but if we eliminate
two big, long- tailed birds, with wings of 136 and 144 mm. respectively, the
average at once comes down to about that of the others. These two birds,
which also have the northern wing formula, may well be visitors only.
For the present I recognise the following species and subspecies :
1. Sumiculus lugubris.
(o) Sumiculus lugubris lugubris.
Cuculus lugubris Hor-sf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1820), Java.
Cuculus alhopunctalus Drap., Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 570 (1823), Java.
Type Locality. Java.
A small bird with a wing (excluding two specimens) varying between 120
and 128 mm., average 123-8 mm. Tail between 99 and 135 mm.
The two excluded specimens are both Javan, with wings of 136 and 144 mm.
and tails of 132 and 136 mm. respectively. These may be individuals which
have migrated from the north. Javan, Sumatran, and Bornean birds are all
practically the same in size, the wing averages for the three islands being 124,
122-8, and 123-6 mm. respectively. I can see no colour or structural differences,
and retain them all under this name.
The wing formula in this race is : third and fourth primary equal or fouilh
longest ; first primary comparatively small.
Habitat. Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo.
? Sumiculus lugubris barusarum.
Sumiculus lugubris barusarum Oberhober, Smith. Misc. CoU. vol. Ix. No. 7. p. 5 (1912).
Oberholser describes this race as " resembling lugubris but smaller, with the
bill at least relatively larger and with less white on the inner wing quills." " Tana
Bala Island, Batu Island."
As no dimensions are given, it is quite imiDossible to say whether this is a
distinct race or not. The extent of white on the wing quills is very variable,
and probably this subspecies will have to be suppressed.
(6) Surnicvlus lugubris minimus subsp. nov.
Type (J, 19.vi.07, VV. P. Lowe Coll., British Museum, No. 1911. 11.16.127.
Type Locality. Iwahig, Palawan.
A very small bird, wing average only 120' 6 mm. and varying between 117
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 293
and 126 mm. ; tail very square and short, between 105 and 115 mm. The under-
surface is distinctly blacker than in jS. I. lugubris. \Mng formula as in that
bird.
Habitat. Palawan.
(c) Surniculus lugubris brachyurus.
Svmiculns lugubris brachyurus Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx. p. 340 (1913), Pahang.
Similar to S. I. lugubris but rather larger, wing varying between 1 1 7 and 1 43
mm. and averaging 126-1 mm. Tail from 103 to 132 mm. The two smallest
birds of the British Museum series and one in the Tring Museum seem to belong
to the Javan form, with which they agree both in their short, square tails and
the wing formula.
In this race the third primary is generally much longer than the fourth,
the first primary is proportionately larger.
Habitat. Malay Peninsula, Salanga, and peninsular Burma and Siam.
(c) Surniculus lugubris dicruroides.
Pseudomis dicruroides Hodgson, Journal As. Soc. Beng. viii. p. 136 (1S39).
This is the largest of all the races, having a wing varying between 129 and
147 mm. and with an average of 137-4 mm.
The wing formula is the same as in S. I. lugubris.
Habitat. I include under this name birds from the same area as that accepted
by Stresemann, viz. Upper India, Assam, all Burma, and Siam north of the
Peninsula, Hainan, and China.
(d) Surniculus lugubris stewarti subsp. nov.
Type. cJ Legge Coll. British Mus. No. 98. 12.2.297.
Type Locality. Ceylon.
Intermediate in size between C. I. lugubris and C. I. minima ; that is
to say, about the same as C. I. brachyurus, with a wing average of 126-5 mm.
and with a range from 123 to 131 mm. The tail is, however, longer both actually
and comparatively. Bill from nostril to tip 13-5 to 14-1 mm., as against 15-5
to 17-0 mm. in S. I. dicrxiroides.
Wing formula : fourth primary longest, rarely equal to third.
Habitat. Ceylon, Travancore, and as far north as Karwar in the Bombay
Presidency, where it is common.
2. Surniculus musschenbrocki Jleyer.
(e) Surniculus musschenbrocki rnusschenbrocki Meyer, in Eouley's Orn. Mi.^c. iii
p. 164 (1878)
Type Locality. ? Batjan.
From the description of this cuckoo it appears to belong to the velutinus
gi-oup rather than to lugubris. It is described as " S. lugubris (Horsf.) similis sed
major. Underparts black, but velvety not glossy," " wing 140, tail 155, bill 19,
tarsus 16," etc., etc.
Two female specimens in the Museum, both from Mt. Musarong, N. Celebes,
agree with this description, but are smaller ; wings 126 and 127 mm. and talis
294 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
126 and 125 mm. respectively. If measured to include the bony base they
would measure 141 and 134 mm. The white on the edges of the tail feathers is
very conspicuous, though not so much so as in velutinus.
The locality, Batjan, of the type is doubtful. Jleyer says that it was
collected by one of his hunters in that island and Salvadori (Orni. del Pap.
i. p. 257 [1880]) has already pointed out the improbability of this locality.
Habitat. Indrulaman (S. Celebes), Mt. Musarong, N. Celebes (? Batjan).
(/) Surniculus musschenbrocki velutinus Sharpe.
Sumicvlus vdulinus Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. i. p. 320 (1S77).
Type Locality. Philippines.
Adults similar to S. lugubris, but with a brighter, deeper blue gloss above
and with the underparts a velvety black instead of brownish black. The edges
of the rectrices are boldly margined with white.
Wing formula as in S. m. musschenbrocki, third and fourth primaries equal
or the latter longest ; second and fifth about equal.
The young bird is whoUy brown without any spots instead of being similar
to the adult but more profusely spotted as in the S. lugubris group.
It is a much shorter-tailed bird than musschenbrocki, this varjing between
101 and 107 mm. only, whilst the wing ranges from 106 to 118 mm. and averages
114-1 mm.
Habitat. Philippines.
Before leaving this genus of cuckoo it is perhaps right to suggest another
solution of the curiously contradictory measurements of the Surnicxthis lugubris
group. Possibly there are two species found over a great portion of the area
inhabited, one a small bird with a short tail and one a bigger one with a com-
paratively longer tail. Strong support is given to this suggestion by the fact
that small birds in the north and large ones in the south generally have tails and
wing formulae in agreement with their size rather than with the majority of birds
found in those areas.
Again, in Ceylon and South India, which is separated by a wide area from
any other in which Surniculus is common, the local race is much more consistent
both in appearance and size than it is anywhere else.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 295
THE PAPILIOS OF PAEA.
By the rev. a. MILES MOSS, M.A,, F.Z.S., F.E.S., British Chaplain of
Para and the Amazon.
(Plates II.— IV.)
LIST OF THE PAPILIOS OF PARA.
Division I. — Aristolochia Paphjos.
Revision, R. dh J..
2. Aeneas group. Papilio triopas. 13.
,, ,, ,, aeneas marcius. 20 b.
„ „ „ sesostris sesostris. 23 c.
H » ,, vertumnus diceros. 30 d.
„ „ „ ancMses thelios. 35/.
3. Lysander group. „ aglaope. 39.
„ „ ,, lysander. 40.
„ „ „ echemon echemon. 41 a.
,, ,, ,, neophilus ecbolius. 42 d.
4. Polydamas group. „ polydamas polydamas. 51 /.
„ ,, ,, helus belemus. 56 d.
„ ,, „ lycidas. 58.
„ „ ,, crassus. 59.
Division II. — Fluted Papilios.
6. Thoas group. Papilio thoas thoas. 66 e.
androgens androgens. 78 6.
9. Anchisiades group.
10. Torquatus group.
hyppason. 87.
anchisiades anchisiades. 95 6.
isodorus. 96.
torqnatus torquatus. 102 e.
Division III.— Kite Papilios.
14. Lysithous group. Papilio pansanias pausanias. 122 c.
>> >. ,, ariarathes metagenes. 131 d.
16. Protesilaus group. ,, protesilaus nigricornis. 151^.
rpHE Revision of the American Papilios, by Lord Rothschild and Dr. Jordan.
J- published in August 1906, describes some 169 species, together with many
geographical forms or subspecies. This is a large number for one genus, and
is indicative of the wonderful lepidopterous wealth of the continent, especially
in its tropical and sub-tropical regions. By comparison England possesses but
a solitary representative of the genus in P. machaon, and the whole of Europe
only four species.
296 NovtTATES Zooi.oGic.^ XX'Va. 1919.
This work, revealing an immense amount of labour, deals chiefly with the
perfect insect and its range of distribution. In regard to early stages it is
admitted that, in no fewer than 123 cases of the above number, the larvae had
not then been noted, and nothing was known of the food-plants beyond what,
for example, might be reasonably inferred by their close alliance to known species
in Division I, associated with Aristolochia, or to the orange-feeders in Division 1 1.
A great province for original research is thus disclosed ; and though there may
be richer centres than Para, I have found it no mean field for the investigation
of the life-histories of the genus Papilio, as of many other lepidopterous families.
Having settled here as Anglican Chaplain in March 1912, my observations cover
fhe greater part of the seven years following that date. During this period
22 distinct species of Papilio, and the early stages of 18 of these, have befn
discovered in the immediate vicinity of the city ; each larra, as it occurred, being
carefully studied in association with its particular food-plants, figured in water-
colours, and its identity disclosed by the subsequent rearing of the butterflj'.
At the time of going to press, four species only, viz. P. triopas, isodorus,
pausanias, and protesilaus, have baffled all my attempts to elucidate the
mysteries surrounding their origins, and have occurred simply as odd speci-
mens. Of P. torquatiis I have thrice bred the female, and but very occasionally
seen the male on the wing in Para. Though doubtless most, if not all, of the
species here dealt with occur on the adjacent islands, all have now been taken
within three or four miles of the city in grounds more or less cultivated or in the
neighbourhood of forest paths, the Utinga waterworks being a favourite resort.
In searching for the larvae of the Aristolochia Papilios, my first work was
to acquaint myseU with the range and extent of this Order of plant-life near
Para. This resulted in a discovery, hardly less interesting than that which I
sought among the butterflies and their caterpillars, in that, of seven local species
submitted to the authorities at South Kensington, four were found to be new
to science, vide article in the Journal of Botany, vol. liii. (January 1915).
Among the so-called Fluted Papilios, larvae have been obtained from five
or six species of Citrus (none strictly indigenous to the country), from Fagara
rhoifolia (tamanqueira), and from four species of Piper. There are no Umbelliferae
in Para, but for the convenience of collectors I should like here to record the
fact that I used frequently to take the larvae of Papilio paeon near Lima and
in the interior of Peru, feeding on the parsnip, Aracatcha esculenta, as also on the
extremely dissimilar bush Psoralia gkmdvlosa (Leguminosae).
In the Kite Papilios I have only succeeded in tracing the antecedents of
the tailless mimic P. ariarathes, several wild and cultivated species of Anonaceae
being employed, especially Anotui muricata, araticu, Rollinia squamosa, etc.
Among the butterfly baits, as distinct from food-plants proper, may be
mentioned the Zinnia in gardens for P. polydamas, thoas, and anchisiades, wliile
the mauve-flowering herb of the matto called Psychotria colorata, the white-
tasseUed Inga stipulata (chichic), and the chrome-yellow blooms of Palicourea
grandijolia, are all particularly attractive to the Aristolochia groups of Papilios
in general.
As regards times of appearance in Para, where the climatic conditions
throughout the year are extraordinarily uniform — the average shade- temperature
being about 80° P., and both wet and dry seasons being characterised by great
atmospheric humidity — many Papilios are to be found in the larval and imaginal
JC0V[TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI, 1919. 297
states on the same day in any month of the year. This applies more especiaUy
to those of the Aristolochia Division, where there appears to be a constant
succession of broods ; while the same may be said of many other famiUes among
the diurnal and nocturnal lepidoptera of the district.
Not having come across a single case of seasonal dimorphism, I find it
futile, in such instances at least, to record the dates of capture, though naturally
I commenced by keeping all data.
According to the well-known habit, a habit which is none the less strange
and difficult to account for when aU outward conditions appear to be identical,
the pupae of Papilios sometimes, but only rarely, in my experience, " stand over,"
the individual skipping a generation and commingling with the next on emergence.
The utility of this custom, as a safeguard to the health and continuity of a species,
would appear, however, to be a fine provision of nature.
Ordinarily with such butterflies as P. anchises, lysander, and polydanias,
to instance three groups of Division I, the entire metamorphosis is accomplished
in about 55 days, the egg hatching in 7 or 8, the larva being ready to pupate
in 4 weeks, while another 19 days generally suffices for the pupal period. As
pairing and egg-laying foUow emergence without much loss of time, and the
process is repeated, as many as six successive generations are thus shown to be
possible in the course of the twelve months.
A noteworthy feature with the Aristolochia PapUios is that emergence
from the pupal condition almost invariably takes place about 8 or 9 o'clock in
the morning, seldom before 8 or after 11 a.m. No matter how near to the point
of emergence an insect may be during the afternoon or evening, the
semi-transparent pupa-shell always clearly predicting its advent, one may go to
bed with the assurance that it will not emerge till next morning.
What the determining factors are, whereby these marvels of intuition are
enabled to gauge the position of the sun, is a great puzzle, but it is at least obvious
that Ught and heat have very little to do with it. I mention this advisedly, for
I afterwards discovered that the Papilios of Division II were not thus controlled
by any such minute considerations regarding the particular time of day when
they might be expected to put in an appearance.
Sometimes they would emerge in the morning, but I remember thoas " coming
out " after lunch one day, and on another occasion after eight in the evening ;
while with hyppason emergence would seem to take place, more often than not,
well on in the afternoon or even late at night. It certainly seems most natural,
and experience proves that with the majority of butterflies it is the normal habit,
to emerge in the morning, while most night-flying moths emerge in the evening
or during the night, but even here there appear to be exceptions.
Particular times, indeed, seem to be selected by different families of moths,
Sphingids generally emerging between 6 p.m. and midnight, and Notodonts, as
a rule, after midnight.
Reverting to the newly hatched hyppason, I record a note on its excessive
restlessness, which on several occasions resulted in the hopeless battering of its
wings before the fly was even dry enough to kUl and set. Once this occurred
in the dark between 9 p.m. and midnight with a female which emerged in a
Spacious, gauze-covered cage kept in a cool place, but which, after fully expanding
her wings, became dissatisfied with her environment. On another occasion,
about three in the afternoon, a limp-winged female of this species, which I took
298 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 1919.
at large in the matto, managed somehow to break all her pinions to pieces in the
net before I could get her out.
Returning to the Aristolochia Papilios and their mode and time of flight,
my experience, I believe, talUes with that of other observers, for I note that
these butterflies often fly higher in the morning than later in the day ; conse-
quently fewer are seen at that time, unless specially drawn to flowers, and they
are harder to catch. Probably from three to five in the afternoon is the time
when one is likely to meet with the greatest number, though it is true that I have
frequently made good captures earlier in the day.
Another feature of note with the butterflies of this Division is their almost
total disregard at times for a wetting. The absence of sunshine and the approach
of a thunderstorm with fairly heavy rain already faUing seems to make no differ-
ence to them ; and except at intervals, when the rain is at its worst in drenching
torrents, seldom are such butterflies as the Aristolochia Papilios and HeUconias
sent to their homes, if bent on feeding. Under these exact conditions I have
repeatedly caught them, together with the dusk-loving CaUgos and a belated
Morpho, till half an hour before dark, 5.30 or 6 p.m. The comparative regularity
of the afternoon rains throughout the year, and the steady warm temperature
of the forest, even in its most shaded portions, are of course important factors
to remember when we contrast the state of things in Para with what we know
to prevail in Europe.
Any one who has watched Papilios in their easy, graceful flight, circling
round the fragrant blossoms of some forest-tree like those mentioned, and then
noticed their change of demeanour when alarmed, with nervous alacrity and
quickened pace making straight for some dark recess among the thick under-
growth where it is impossible to follow, will come to the conclusion that butterflies
are not quite such foolish creatures as some people imagine, and that if there
is one thing to match the iridescence of their wings and the elegance of their
movements, it is their intelligence.
When feeding in such positions they are frequently out of reach, and it is
sometimes worth the collector's time and patience to stop for an hour or two
beneath a single tree. I have met with success occasionally by affixing my net
to an inordinately long stick, and thus it was that I caught my first triopas and
both sexes of vertumnus, wheeling round the golden blossom of a Palicourea tree,
fully 15 or 20 feet above my head. Now and again, however, a butterfly will
swoop down to be taken at closer quarters, as it momentarily settles upon a cool
green leaf in the shade to digest its fill of nectar. On the other hand, I have never
observed any of the Aristolochia Papilios at puddles of water or sipping the
juices of less delectable substances, so pronounced a feature with the Kite Papilios
and Pieridae and other groups of butterflies and moths on the head-waters of
the Amazon in Peru.
Passing on to the question of oviposition in the Aeneas and Lysander
groups, the eggs are laid singly, frequently on a fresh stem of the plant, sometimes
on the adjacent stalk of another plant or dry stick, but still oftener on the
under-surface of the tender leaves of the particular species of Aristolochia
preferred.
This constitutes an ideal position for the young larva on emergence, for it
is on such leaves that it at first subsists, and under their shade that it secures
protection from sun and rain. As the larva advances, it consumes the crisper
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 299
leaves, and as a rule it is only when approaching maturity that one occasionally
finds it resting on some other object close at hand or on the ground.
Though smaller insects in the main, it is a noteworthy fact that the ova of
these two groups are distinctly larger than those of the Polydamas group and of
a deeper yellow tone. They are somewhat irregularly ribbed with a wax-like
substance, a considerable portion of which, with the shell, the newly hatched
larva consumes for its first meal. It would seem that this material answers to
a kind of concentrated meat-essence, which must come in very handy for the
young caterpillar on those occasions when, through its mother's carelessness or
inability, it has to take a long walk before it can reach such tender leaves as
are designed for its after-nourishment. These newly hatched larvae are at first
all much alike ; and even in the succeeding instars up to full growth, as Plate II
wiU show, the relationship between the two groups and between the individual
species is an exceedingly close one.
In early days some of their fleshy tubercles are crested with a bunch of fine
bristles, so characteristic of other lepidopterous families in later life ; and it is
highly probable that enlarged diagrams made under the lens at this stage would
reveal specific differences which are not apparent to the eye.
I can find only eight of the red and black Aristolochia Papilios in Para.
These vary considerably in their comparative abundance, and show partialities
for some one or other species of Aristolochia and the degree of shade in which that
plant happens to be growing ; but both their ova and larvae are all quite easy
to detect, if present and the plant be thoroughly examined.
The pupae have occasionally been found on the stems of the plant or attached
to some object near ; but, like the grubs of other lepidoptera, PapUio larvae are
capable of taking a long walk, and generally wander far before pupating. These
pupae, with slight differences in the matter of size, are all identical in design in
every particular ; and without having previously seen the caterpillar, it is
impossible to distinguish between them, or do more than formulate a rough guess
as to the precise identity, especially when the chrysalis found has been of the
normal green description.
In six of the eight the pupae seem always to be emerald or blue-green,
the dorsal area being touched with lemon yellow on head, thorax, edges
of wing-cases, and the last two or three abdominal segments, giving them the
appearance of seared leaves and rendering them inconspicuous. In the matter
of design lysander and aglaope are also identical, but their colours are more
variable, lysander being sometimes grey-green and yellow like the foregoing,
or more often of a delicate lavender hue with mere touches of yellow on the
dorsal area, while aglaope is generally darker or browner and more uniform in
tone. By comparison with the pupa of polydamas, the thoracic hump in these
eight cases is reduced to a mere bifid projection, and the wing-cases are less
fianged-out laterally.
As I am chiefly concerned with the early stages, and in indicating those
salient features which differentiate one species from another, I must refer readers
in all cases to the Revision for a description of the perfect insects and their range
of distribution.
300 NOVITATES Z00LOOICA£ XXVI. 1919.
NOTES ON THE SPECIES.
N.B. — Though possibly incorrect from a strict morphological point of
view, larvae are described as possessing 13 segments, the head being the first.
DIVISION I.— ARISTOLOCHIA PAPILIOS.
Aeneas Group.
P. triopas.
Apparently a rare species in Para.
Two male butterflies only in the Utinga district : one at flowers on
September 1st, 1914 ; the second, light brown in ground-colour, caught un-
wittingly. Early stages undiscovered.
The next eight species, though four are classed in the Aeneas group and
four in the Lysander, show so many features in common that it seems best to
begin by describing these, and then proceed to state wherein they differ as species
under their specific headings.
As young larvae they all commence with a deep maroon colour, which
generally clarifies and becomes rosier with advancing growth. In early days,
and especially before moulting, even in the fourth instar, the skin appears taut
and somewhat glossy. The specific markings, moreover, of the adult caterpillar,
if they are anticipated at all, are in most cases vague and ill-defined.
For illustrations of this, compare the figures of the young of aeneas, anchises,
vertumnus, and neophilus on Plate III with their adult forms on Plate 11.
The head, legs, and hard or plated portions are in all cases black and glossy.
Prom the earliest days, in common with all other PapUio larvae, they can, when
disturbed, emit a pungent odour by tlirowing out a couple of snail-like yellow
horns behind the head.
The pointed, fleshy tubercles, with which all these larvae are so prominently
clothed, vary slightly in thickness and altitude as well as in colour in the different
species, but very little in position. Indeed, a careful comparison of all the
figures relating to these eight species — I can say nothing about triopas, never
having seen either larva or pupa — reveals so many details in common between
them that, judging of their classification simply from early stages, I confess to
serious misgivings about the validity of dividing them up into two groups at
all. In representatives of both, for example, there are a pair of dark lunular
marks on the back of aU the middle segments supporting the medio-dorsal line ;
in both again, when some of the dorsal tubercles are maroon or dark-coloured,
they tend to be ochreous and light on segments 3, 8, 11, and 13, being invariably
so in some species, inconstant in others. Compare anchises with all four of the
Lysander group on Plate II. In aeneas the dorsal tubercles are light on 4 and 7
and sometimes 12 in addition to those above, and in sesosti'is they are only light
on 8 and 11, but the same tendency is plainly discernible. Finally, the oblique
yellow side-stripe from the dorsal tubercle on segment 8 to the base of segment 6,
which constitutes so marked a feature in aglaope, lysander, and neophilns, is
equally characteristic of aeneas ; while with anchises and echemon, over which
I have puzzled in vain to determine any constant and reliable differences, the
position of this oblique stripe, though not defined, is always the lightest part
of the lateral area.
N0V^TATE3 ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 301
By way of completing the description of this type of larva, let it be noted
that, in addition to the dorsal tubercles, of which there are a pair on each
segment after the second, another set, generally long and dark in colour, are
situated about the middle of the sides of segments 3, 4, and 5.
There are also a couple of rows of short, thick, sub-spiracular tubercles,
beginning on segment 2 behind the head, and terminating on segment 13 with
what can only be described as a pair of light spots. The tubercles of the upper
row, though variable in size and colour, are always more prominent than those
beneath, and are generally largest and lightest on segments 2, 7, 11, and 12.
Those just above the legs and claspers are mere red or maroon points, conspicuous
only so far as they differ from the prevaUing ground-colour.
The extreme similarity of the pupae, of which sesostris alone is figured (Plate
m, fig. 7), has already been mentioned, and still further emphasises the close
alliance of all these species to one another.
In the butterflies, the Aeneas group possesses touches of white in the black
fringe between the veins especially of the hindwings, anchises and verlumnus
showing this characteristic strongly also in the forewings of bcjth sexes. In
the Lysander group all four species are similarly adorned with pink in the fringes
of the hindwing, while the female of aglaope possesses minute touches of the same
colour in the black fringes of her forewings, visible only on the undersurface.
All the eight butterflies are black, inclining somewhat to brown in the
females of sesostris and anchises, and to blue-black in the male of anchises, the
male of neophilus being thinly scaled and semi-transparent between the cell and
apex of the forewing. The forewings of the males are in all cases adorned with
a patch of blue or green, and of the females with white, the precise position,
shape, and colour of these marks being sufficiently distinct in almost every case
to preclude any doubt as to the identity of the species. Similarly, on the hind-
wings the adornment of red spots, ever different in the two sexes and varying
in tone of colour, form, and exact position with each species, is a sufficiently
pronounced and constant feature, in conjunction with the fringe, to make
identification certain in every case.
P. aeneas marcins (pi. ii. fig. 1, pi. iii. fig. 6).
A comparatively rare species in Para, but evidently widespread.
Localities. Utinga, Murutucu, S. Joaquim, llha das Ongas, etc.
Larvae on isolated plants of Aristolochia burchelli growing in heavy shade
of matto. Females sometimes caught on the sunny paths, males more often
n shaded and wet regions.
Egg with eight regular vertical ribs.
Captured female in muslin net, sleeved on the growing plant, will sometimes
lay, but only sparingly, generally dying after feeding and battering her wings
ior three days, and retaining many healthy ova. From one thus reared the
life-cycle was as foUows :
Egg deposited afternoon of Sejitember 29th, 1915; hatched October 5th.
First ecdysis October 11th, second on the 16th, third on the 22nd, fourth on the
29th, spun up on November 9th, pupated on the llth, emerged a perfect male
on the morning of November 28th, being 60 days in all.
Full-grown larva much like aglaope, but with light oblique stripe more
20
302 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
broken, sometimes with extra light spot below dorsal tubercle on segment 9,
and more light ochre-coloured tubercles.
Pupa apple-green, grey-green dorsaUy, resembling green form of lysander.
Male butterfly characterised by small, nearly round patch of iridescent emerald-
green scales near inner margin of forewing, and four intensely brilliant crimson
spots, grouped together in a triangle of deep magenta on the hindwing.
Abdominal sheath silvery brown with line brown hair.
Female charaoteri-sed by broad forewing, rounded at the apex, and possessing
a large and much-suffused white patch invading the cell. Hindwing adorned with
six well-developed crimson spots, which nevertheless lack the intensity of the
male coloration.
P. sesostris sesostris (pi. ii. fig. 2, pi. iii. fig. 7).
A very elegant species, thought at first to be rare, but frequently observed
since on all sides of Para. The larvae, from which lovely fresh specimens of
both sexes have been reared, have indeed been taken quite commonly, and
have invariably been found feeding on Aristolochia huberiana, a new species closely
aUied to consimilis, and named at South Kensington after the late-lamented
Director of the Para Museum, Dr. Huber.
Localities. The Para Bosque, Canudos, Utinga, Ilha das Ongas, etc. Two
forms of the full-grown larva are figured, the commoner being of a Naples yellow
or ochreous tint, freckled with black, the other a pale maroon with deep maroon
tubercles.
Special features. 1. The dorsal tubercles are thick and blunt, and of dark
coloration, except those on segments 8 and 11, which are invariably light.
2. By way of compensation, the sides of these two segments, 8 and 11, are always
the most heavily marked with black or dark maroon. 3. The dark tubercles
are always darkest in front, and are given the appearance of added height by the
dark streaks which obliquely lead up to them. 4. There is a black triangular
patch on the anal flap, not noted in others of the group.
Male butterfly : forewing broad and of an intense velvety black, with a
large and very brilUant patch of iridescent emerald-green scales near the base,
zigzagged outwardly into three points. Hindwing uniformly black, some speci-
mens only showing vestigial traces of one or even two brilliant crimson spots
in the lowest part of the wing near the fringe. Four plain red spots are revealed
on the undersurface. Abdominal sheath very broad and thickly lined with
cream-white wooUy scales, like a handsome fur cloak. Just above this lies a tuft
of long silvery hair, which on setting readily opens out into the form of a beautiful
plume.
Ground-colour of female dark brown rather than black, with an irregular
and rather small cream-coloured patch, never white, situated near the inner
margin of the forewing far below the cell. Hindwing adorned with four large
cherry-red spots, coalescing to form a single patch near the outer margin, while
two much smaller spots of the same colour are isolated at a distance, breaking
the usual continuity.
P. vertumnus diceros (pi. ii. fig. 3, pi. iii. fig. 5).
Never an abundant species in Para, both sexes having been taken
as often as aeneas, and then generally at the flowers of Inga or Palicoure<i
:^^OVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919. 303
Localities. Utinga, S. Joaquim, etc.
I have only taken the larva on Aristolochia burchelli, once finding three
in the final instar on a small plant growing in an open sandy place, and on another
occasion one in the fourth instar in the Utinga matto. In this stage it is plain
maroon with very tall erect tubercles ; after moulting a much greater change
takes place in this species than with any others of the group, the ground-colour
becoming nearly black and each segment adorned with a broad vertical belt of pale
cadmium yellow, while the tubercles also are yellow. AVith its obvious alliance
to anchises and comparative distance from echemon, it is little short of extra-
ordinary that the larvae of these latter species should so closely resemble one
another, and that vertumnus should be so entirely different in outward design
and colour.
Male butterfly characterised by a large and somewhat square patch of dull
glaucous green on the inner margin of the forewing ; and on the hindwing three
spots of unequal length in juxtaposition, forming a single patch of brilliant
crimson, and possessing a violet and greenish phosphorescence, when viewed
in certain lights. The spot nearest to the abdomen is the longest and most
curved. Abdominal sheath, a lovely white fur cloak, like the former species,
but not quite so large.
Forewing of female contains a broad, irregular, but very clearly defined
patch of pure white in its centre, invading the cell. On the hindwing five spots
coalesce to form a broad and conspicuous patch of cherry-red, with one big spot,
and sometimes also a minute one of the same colour above. AU four wings in
both sexes are prominently marked with white in the fringes.
P. anchises thelios (pi. ii. fig. 4, pi. iii. fig. 4).
A very common species in Para, both sexes of the butterfly occurring at
■ flowers in the open or more shaded parts of the matto. The larva is very
frequently taken at apparently any time of year, feeding on Aristolochia
longicaudata, btirchelli, and lanceolatolorata, a new species, for which it shows
a special preference.
As the larva is very variable, being sometimes of a washed-out ochreous
tint, adorned with a faint grey design, and at others of a warm Naples yellow,
heavily marked with black, grey, and maroon, the colour of its tubercles also
varying from a plain red in some specimens to the approved combination of
dark and light in others, it is as difficult to describe as it is to say wherein lies
its essential difference from echemon. Both are darkest at their two extremities
and lightest about the middle, sometimes suggesting the customary oblique
stripe on segment 8. This stripe, however, is, I believe, a more constant and
recognisable feature in echemon.
Butterfly characters : Apex of forewing somewhat rounded, especially in
the female. Both sexes prominently adorned with white in the fringes of all
four wings, the female occasionally showing an admixture of pink scales with
the white in the lower part of the fringe of the forewing. Patch on forewing of
male glaucous green and triangular, with one or two cream-coloured spots in
its upper portion ; on hindwing five lovely crimson spots of variable and unequ; 1
length, which, like the former species, are opalescent, turning blue when viewed
sideways in the proper light. The female possesses a clearly defined, but not
364 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXV'I. I'Jl'J.
very large round patch of white scales touching the cell, but rarely, if ever^
invading it ; and on the hindwing a uniform series of red and rather small spots.
Lysander Group.
P. aglaope (pi. ii. fig. 5, pi. iii. fig. 2).
AVidespread and not realh' rare about Para, but of spasmodic occurrence,
the female being easily overlooked on account of its extreme likeness to the
much commoner lysander, unless caught and critically examined.
Localities. JVIatto paths in Utinga, Souza, S. Joaquim, Sacramento, etc.
The larva has generally been discovered singly, feeding on Aristolochia longi-
caitdata, and occasionally on three of my newly discovered species, A. huheriana,
didyma, and mossii.
Though a variety of the larva resembling lysander has been met with, it is
usually a much handsomer and more variegated creature, possessing a deep
jjurple colour and a uniform series of bright red tubercles. The oblique stripe
running from the dorsal tubercle on segment 8 to the base of segment 6 stands
out prominently in a rosj- cream colour, and is generally .supported by a series
of more or less connected spots of the same tint, suggesting a parallel stripe on
segment 9. In the lysaivierAike variety, however, these spots are absent, and
are only represented by an elongated light base to the dorsal tubercles on
segment 9. In this case also these tubercles are invariably dark, and light only
on segments 3, 8, 11, and 13. When red, they tend to be light on these .segments,
and to be deepest in colour on segments 6 and 10, especially at their bases.
The medio-lateral tubercles on segments 3, 4, and 5 are dark, and the sub-
spiracular row generally ochreous with reddish tips.
Butterfly characters : Forewing of male compared with lysander somewhat
fuller, the patch on the inner margin being of oblong rather than triangular form,
and of a delicate grey-blue colour with one or even two clear white spots in its
upper part. Hindwing with five or six brilliant red spots, shorter and rounder
than in lysander and more like those of its own female. Abdominal sheath lined
with short cream-coloured down and bordered with some fine greyish hair.
Female ; White patch in centre of forewing generally smaller than lysander
and less often invading the cell ; hindwing simOar to that species with si.x or seven
bright red spots. Fringes pink, not only in the hindwing of both sexes,
but also on the undersurface of the forewing of the female, invariably marking
the lower half in three or four jjlaces, and constituting an outstanding feature of
difference between the two species in this sex.
P. lysander (pi. ii. fig. 6).
Always a common species about Para, the butterfly occurring in all parts
of the matto and on the islands, and the larva being very frequently taken on
the outskirts of the city in more open places, feeding on Aristolochia huheriana.
This larva is the dullest of either group, varying from a mottled vinous brown
to a pale ochreous grey. The oblique light side-stripe from segment 8 to 6 is
always pronounced, and while the dorsal tubercles in the main partake of the
general ground-colour, they are always light on segments 3, 8, 11, and 13. The
8ub-spiracular tubercles are also light on segments 2, 3, 4, 11, and 12, and the
small poiats above the claspers are sometimes light.
KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 305
Butterfly characters : Apex of forewing in male pointed, its uniformly blue
patch on the inner margin being slightly variable in shape and extent, but gener-
■ally forming an isosceles triangle.
Hindwing with four much-elongated and brilliant crimson spots.
Abdominal sheath much the same as in the former species.
Forewing of female somewhat thinly scaled in its outer half, a large and
rather round white patch marking its centre and partly invading the cell. Hind-
wing, like the former, with a regular series of seven red spots. Invariably pink
in the fringes of the hindwing of both sexes, but not to any appreciable extent in
the forewing of either.
P. echemon echemon (pi. ii. fig. 7, pi. iii. fig. 3).
Less common than the last species about Para, but to be obtained apparently
at all times of year and in any part of the matto, both sexes of the butterfly
occurring along with others of the two groups in paths and glades and at forest
flowers.
The larva has been taken on Aristolochia longicaudata and hurchelli, but
more often, like anchises, on A. lanceolatolorata , still further seeming to
emphasise the kinship between two caterpillars which are almost identical, and
adding to the difficulties of discrimination. See description of the larva of
anchises, and compare figures.
Butterfly characters : Forewing of male much pointed at the apex, with
■outer margin slightly concave, giving it a narrow appearance. Blue patch
same as in hjsander, but larger, narrower, and more finely angled at its upper
extremity. Hindwing with pink in fringe and four bright red spots. Abdominal
sheath entirely dark, with fine long blue-black hair. Patch on forewing of
female always below the cell, and, though white and encircled by grey scales
in its lower half, is not round like lysander, but triangular or wedge-shaped like
its own male. Hindwing with pink in the fringe and six red spots.
P. neophilus ecbolius (pi. ii. fig. 8, pi. iii. fig. 1).
This last species of the group, though apparently absent at times, is at others
perhaps the most common in certain parts of the matto, such as S. Joaquim, the
butterfly occurring in great plenty at flowers of Psychotria colorata. Both ova
and larvae have been found sparingly, and always, so far as I can recollect, on
Aristolochia hurchelli. The larva is like a small strongly marked edition of
lysander, but is of a prettier violet hue with rather more sharply pointed tubercles.
These are all deep maroon, except the usual series, as in lysander, which, with the
oblique side-stripe in the middle, are lemon-yeUow rather than ochre. The
four points above the claspers remain dark.
Butterfly characters : Forewing of male, like echemon, much pointed at
apex and slightly concave on the outer margin. Beyond cell semi-transparent,
as though rubbed. An irregular blue-green patch on inner margin culminates
above in two or three white and semi-transparent spots. On the hindwing,
recalling aeneas, four crimson spots' are enclosed in a magenta patch which
■springs from near the base. Abdominal sheath grey with fine hair.
I'orewing distinctly fuller in female than male, but also inclining to trans-
306 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
parency. A white central patch is situated below the cell, sometimes invading
it, and tapers oflf towards the apex.
The six spots on the hindwing are lighter pink than any yet described,
more elongate and nearer to the base than the series marking the female of
lysander. Hindwing of both sexes with pink in fringe, and small touches of
the same in the lower part of the female's forewing.
POLYDAMAS GrOTIP.
p. polydamas polydamas (i 1. iii. fig. 10).
Coming next to the Polydamas group, we reach that species itself, at once
tlie commonest and most widespread of all the South American Aristolochia
PapUios and the most damaging in its ravages upon the plant. It shows no
special preference for any particular species of the Order, except perhaps the
garden species known as Sangue de Christo.
The eggs are of a light straw yellow, ribbed vertically, and for a comparatively
large butterfly distinctly small by comparison with those of the two previous
groups. They are laid, usually five or more at a time, on the tender stalks and
leaves ; and small gregarious batches of the larvae may be found at any time
of year in Para in such positions, nibbling through the flowering stem and con-
suming buds and green capsules as well as leaves. Though not alone in its
destructive propensity, to polydainas must be ascribed the reduction of many
a plant and its failure to flower, a feature often noted with Aristolocliias.
With advancing growth these larvae eat through thicker stalks, and remind
one of slugs in more ways than one by their attempts at concealment during
the day, and by their sleek grey appearance and pair of long fleshy tubercles
branching from the sides of segment 2 behind the head. In the later stages
especially its skin looks taut and glossy, and throughout it is variable in ground-
colour and in the tint of its tubercles. By the particular arrangement and varied
lengths of these, however, there is no mistaking its identity. Besides the pair
on segment 2, the sub-spiracular tubercles on segments 6 and 11 are extra long
and are capable of a quick twitching movement. All the tubercles are thin
compared with those of the last two groups, and are generally light red in colour
with black tips. Its pupa is either emerald green and lemon, or more often pale
red-brown with the central abdominal segments relieved dorsally by cadmium
yellow. The extension of the wing-cases gives a very broad and somewhat
flattened appearance about the middle, and its thoracic hump is large and upright
and slightly thrown back.
As already stated, the butterfly is more at home in the open sunny gardens
and pra9as of the city than its allies of the shaded woodland, and may often
be seen in company with thoas and anchisiades over the flower borders.
P. belus belemus (pi. iii. fig. 9).
A species but rarely seen on the wing, but repeatedly occurring in the larval
form in gregarious batches of a dozen or twenty at a time. Both ova and larvae
in all stages of growth, at difi^erent times of year, have been taken in one place
at Canudos on the north-eastern outskirts of Para, and the larvae have invariably
been found on bushy plants of Aristolochia huberiana, growing in sunny situations.
Indeed, were these plants a little more numerous, and these large voracious-
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 307
larvae less destructive to the few that do exist, under conditions which this
butterfly evidently regards as ideal, it might become a very common species
hereabouts. Too often, however, have my choice hunting-grounds in this case
been despoiled by the natives, who now and again have fits of tidiness, and,
regarding everything growing in proximity to their huts and gardens as " matto,"
cut it down and burn it.
The egg of belns is small and light yellow like the previous species, and its
larva plain black. Even in the fourth instar it is still very dark, a glossy black
maroon in colour with no markings whatever, and possessing notably short
tubercles. In the fifth instar a remarkable change takes place, the tubercles,
though slender, becoming a prominent feature in their full development, with
extensions like the horns of a snail on the sides of segment 2. It commences
this stage with a vinous maroon ground-colour, a series of regular black marks
on the dorsal area and a number of black lines obliquely adorning the sides
After about three days, and while stUl feeding, these colours change like a piece
of fruit approaching maturity, the general tone gradually warming to a strong
cadmium or Indian yellow fully 24 hours before the larva leaves its food-plant
to prepare for pupation. While the head and hard plate on segment 2 remain
as black as polished ebony, the black adornment of the body becomes lustrous
and ruddy in character. Throughout this final instar the larva is possessed of
a silky gloss, which with advancing growth and the clarification of the colour-
design makes it a strildng and handsome object. It was in this condition that
I obtained my first set of 11 full-grown larvae, revelling in hot sunshine on the
top of a thick bushy plant of A. huberiana ; and subsequent experience with
the larva of this species demonstrates the need of the sun-bath, for I lost nearly
aU when sleeved out on perfectly healthy plants, selected for safety in sheltered
and, consequently, sunless positions. The pupa is brown, touched with reddish
cadmium dorsally, and the thoracic hump is very tall, like a hood projected
forwards. I once took it on the plant in nature, coloured grey-green and lemon.
The butterfly is more blue-black in comparison with the bronze colour of
lycidas and varies but little in itself. The fine up-river variety with broad yellow
patches on the forewing, answering to an occasional form of the female of
androgens, does not seem to occur in Para.
P. lycidas (pi. iii. fig. 8).
A rare species locally, the butterfly having only once been caught on the
Ilha das On9as, and bred on some three or four occasions from larvae found
generally in couples, feeding on A. huberiana in four other localities close to
Para : Curro, Sacramento, Utinga, and Canudos. In the last-named place I
once found a healthy, full-fed larva and 6 pupae spun up on a single bush ; but
5 of these produced hymenopterous parasites, small yellow wasps with broad
legs, which emerged from separate holes, about 5 or 6 from each pupa.
The larva, considering its close alliance, is extraordinarily diflerent from
the former species. When young it is yellow with dark tubercles and skin-marks.
In the last instar it is pale grey and rather glossy, with dark maroon dorsal
tubercles, except those on segments 3, 5, 8, and 13, which are distinctly longer
than the rest and of a pale pink colour. Those on segments 6 and 7 are small,
the pair of lateral tubercles on segment 2 behind the head are long, dark at
30g NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXVI. 101 !•.
the tip, light and broad at the base, and on segments 3, 4, and 5 there are small
pink side tubercles. Faint oblique lines mark the sides, the skin-folds below
the spiracles are pale pink and the ventral surface black. The pupa in form
appears to be identical with belus, but is always of a light lemon-green colour.
A butterfly which emerged in the breeding-cage at 12 noon on June 23rd
1914, grew to its full expanse of wing in six minutes.
P. crassus (pi. iii. fig. 11).
For long this species was a puzzle to me, the butterfly being taken or seen
in all the open parts of the matto about Para with sufficient frequency to justify
the term " common," but never till 1917 could I trace the larva. At last it
turned up in a big gregarious batch of some 30 to 40 glossy black caterpillars,
exactly like helus, feeding on Aristolochia didyma, one of my new species, which
occurs in no great abundance here, but for which crassus appears to show a
partiaUty, as I have again found a number on the same plant.
Since then I have also succeeded in rearing a large brood from the ova
of a captured female, which kindly consented to lay me about 80 eggs when
sleeved out on a growing plant of ^. didyma in my garden. As regards the larva,
there is no apparent difference between it and helus up to the day when the
colour changes prior to pupation ; crassus then, in lieu of the rich cadmium belts
of belus, assuming a pleasing steel-grej' colour touched up with small patches
of vermilion.
The pupa also in form appears to be identical with that of belus, and is
only a degree Ughter in general tone.
The species is once more a sun-lover, and in nature is probably often cradled
above one's head in the tree-tops.
From its habits as well as its appearance throughout early stages it so
closely repeats belus that, numerically regarded, it is surely misplaced, lycidas
interrupting the natural sequence. There may be considerations of a more
fundamental nature anatomically, upon which I cannot pronounce, but at least
there are no such connecting links in the early stages of lycidas as those wliich
are so clearly seen to obtain between crassus and belus.
As regards the butterfly, the extent and precise tone of the yellow scales
which adorn the forewing of the male — the female being constant — make crassus
a more varied, if less handsome, species than either of the others.
We come next in order to the Fluted Papilios, which in the Para district
are represented by 3 groups and 6 species : thoas, aridrogeus, hyppason, anchisiades,
isodorus, and torquatus.
DIVISION II.— FLUTED PAPILIOS.
Thoas Group.
P. thoas thoas (pi. ii. fig. 9, pi. iv. fig. 3).
Always a common species in Para, the butterflj' frequenting the city gardens
more than the matto, and the larvae and pupae being readily obtained by
searching the small orange and lemon trees which abound in the vicinity. Food-
plants : Citrus, e.g. locally both sweet and bitter orange, tangerine, lime, lima.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
309
citron, " limdo galego," " tamanqueira," Piper aduncuin, and at least two other
species, but only once on Piper beletnense. Also a Rutaceous herb in gardens
known as " ariida."
The egg of thoas is cadmium yellow and of moderate size, and is laid generally
u^Jon the upper surface of the freshest leaves, where it is easily detected.
As I have it on Dr. Ruber's authority that the entire Citrus genus is an
importation, and that some 400 years ago there was not a single orange or lemon
of any species growing in South America, we are forced to the conclusion that
the many different larvae which now feed on the leaves of Citrus, apparently
by preference, were formerly restricted in their choice of diet afforded by nature
to something less palatable. That a number of Papilios of the country, and
other species like Rothschildia betis frequently taken in Para on orange and
lemon, should show an almost exclusive attachment to a department of plant-life
which is not indigenous, is surely a fact strange enough to require an explanation.
I once made the discovery of thoas feeding in nature on Fagara rhoijolia (taman-
queira), a thorny tree with leaves like the mountain ash, and smelling like lemon ;
and it was significant to learn that this natural alternative pabulum belonged
to the same botanic Order — Rutaceae. Moreover, I had already taken the larvae
of both Rothschildia betis and ericina feeding on the leaves of this tree, and the
combination of circumstances not unnaturally suggests the theory that Fagara
rhoijolia and its allies, together with various species of the Piperaceae Order,
are the original food-plants of the present-day orange feeders.
While on the subject of food-plants, it is worth a passing mention that the
larvae of almost all the Papilios yet found exhibit a certain predilection which
they share in common. I refer to their partiality for odoriferous and even
pungent-scented leaves, such as characterise Aristolochia, Citrus, Fagara, Piper,
Umbelliferous plants like carrots and parsnips, and Anonaceae, all of which are
pre-eminently endowed with essential oils of powerful odour. This particular
adaptation of an extensive lepidopterous family to widely dift'erent representatives
of the vegetable kingdom may, of course, be accidental, and have no real bearing
upon their undoubted association as members of a great genus, but it is at least
noteworthy and interesting.
Returning to thoas, the young white and yellow-brown larva clearly fore-
shadows the adult, except that it has more yellow in its composition, and up
to the final instar is very oily looking. Both then, and even after, it bears a
striking resemblance to a piece of freshly deposited bird's dung. When fidl-
grown it is sometimes to be found on the branch, but is more usually to be
seen resting fully exposed upon the upper surface of a leaf of its food-plant.
Viewed at a certain angle from the front, it bears a distinctly snake-like and
forbidding appearance, the thoracic segments being humped up and exhibiting
a dark eye-like mark on either side.
In the North American Papilio cresphontes this snake-mimicry is carried
to as great a pitch of perfection as in the Sphingid genus Xylophanes ; and
though I am unable to conceive how this can be attributed to " natural selection,"
such parallel instances, together with many others almost equally remote from one
another, yet all obviously designed to imitate a small serpent, surely preclude
the possibility of mere coincidence. Whatever the actuating cause, the effect
without doubt is protection, the disguise being employed as a preventive
measure against birds and lizards.
310 NOVITATES ZoOLOaiOAE XXVI. 1919.
If the caterpUlar of ihcas is thus successful in warding off the foe by one or
other of these diverse methods, the pupa is hardly less successful in its ability
to look wooden and unattractive ; for when formed on the trunk or branch of
the orange tree where the larva has been feeding, it is lost in obscurity, not by
being hidden with leaves, but by its perfect reproduction of the stump of a
broken and half-decayed branch. It is not, however, immune from parasitic
attack, and is often found as a discoloured shell full of holes, from which hymenop-
tera have emerged. These small yellow wasps may be identical with the species
bred from P. lycidas and from the pupae of at least three other local Papilios.
In shape the pupa of thoas is moderately rotund, being swollen in the central
abdominal segments and tapering considerably towards the anal extremity.
By comparison with others it seems small for a butterfly with such an expanse
of wing as thoas possesses, not to mention its tails. The " ears " are stout and
are well projected forwards, and the thorax is surmounted by a short hump
also pointing forwards.
The deep tone of Indian yellow which the butterfly is sometimes seen to
possess, even when on the wing in Para, is a feature worth noting ; and I presume
it is due to atmospheric humidity and sunlight. Experiment shows that the
same deep tone may be produced in a light yellow specimen by kilUng it in an
old and wet cyanide bottle. If left in the fumes of ammonia still longer, a much
heavier tone approaching brown results. As this is not the case with other
yellow butterflies, it is obvious in the present instance that its scales are particu-
larly sensitive to colour change by chemical action, and possibly even during
life by sunlight and moisture in combination.
Twice have I secured good varieties of thoas, one being so heavily blotched
with black that it resembled a distinct species.
P. androgeus androgeus (pi. ii. fig. lf>, pl- iv- fig- 4).
This is a very uncertain species in Para, and at times appears to be entirely
absent. Indeed, for a couple of years I had taken nothing but a single empty
pupa-case on the trunk of a lemon tree at Marco da Legua. In the early part
of 1914, however, the species turned up in sufficient force to reveal its life-history-
and furnish my collection with a perfect series of bred specimens of both sexes.
Where it came from and whither it has since vanished is a mystery. I have,
however, traced it along the railway lines leading both to Pinheiro and Bragan9a,
and taken its larva on the isle of Cafezal and on another island beyond the Eio
(juama.
The egg, larva, and pupa of androgeus are constructed on lines very similar
to thoas, but with certain well-marked specific difierences. Indeed, almost
all that I have said in description of that species and its habits, including
its positions in nature, the measures resorted to for protection, and even
its liability to the attack of the small yellow wasp, applies with equal force to
androgeus.
Noteworthy characteristics are as follows :
Food-plants: Citrus, e.g. lima, lime, ■'limao galego," and tangerine, with
special preference for the last and for young trees. Not found on Piper. Ova Ught
green when first laid, quickly turning deep yeUow ; easily found on the freshest
and tenderest leaves, sometimes five or more on a single bush. Young larva
NOVTTATES ZOOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919. 311
very oily looking, but deep cadmium rather than ochreous white, the dark
portions being glossed with blue. In the final instar whiter than thoas, the
dark parts being olive-green instead of brown, with delicate touches of blue.
Androgens generally grows to larger size, and always possesses a white patch
in the form of a little fish set in the brown about the middle of each side. The
pupa is longer and even more like dead wood, the thoracic hump being an
enormously projected cowl in comparison with thoas. It is often adorned
with a touch of green, simulating lichenous growth on dead wood.
Over a limited period both ova and larvae were freely obtained from the
Souza and Utinga districts, and a fine series of the butterfly in both sexes was bred.
The female was several times seen on bright mornings in the act of ovipositing.
A friend who reared some of the larvae excelled my good fortune by producing
three females with large patches of bright yellow in the bronze-green of the
forewing, whereas my own specimens were only dusted with yellow scales.
Since then, however, I have taken this form exclusively at Manaos, Porto Velho,
and Iquitos, the species appearing to be commoner up-river.
Anchisiades Group.
Passing now to the next group, we reach in P. hyppason a very remarkable
species. I am doubtful as to whether it is rightly placed in this group at all,
for I can see no close features which it shares in common with anchisiades, and
a good many, so far as its early stages are concerned, that connect it with the
Thoas group. In fact, I would put it back over the fence, or give it the honour
01 a Hyppason' group all to itself. As the early stages of hyppason were hitherto
unknown, and I am now fully acquainted with them, perhaps I may be pardoned
for stating my opinion. True, the butterfly of hyppasori bears no outward
resemblance to the yellow-and-black-tailed PapUios which we have so recently
been discussing, and from its general mimicry of such a butterfly as lysander
any novice might be pardoned for placing it in the Aristolochia Division. In
this, however, he would undoubtedly be wrong, for as sure as it is a Papilio at
all it belongs to Division II. My arguments for placing it nearer to thoas than,
to anchisiades are as follows : 1. The egg is large, deep yellow, and deposited
singly. 2. Its food-plant, in Para at any rate, appears to be exclusively Piper
helemense. 3. Its larva, unlUte anchisiades v/liich is brown and lives in large
gregarious batches at the base of orange trees, etc., is of the " bird's dung "
type, and in natural position as well as in colour and design it more reminds
une of thoas and androgens. 4. Its pupa similarly, differing from the squat and
particoloured character of anchisiades, is possessed of well-developed " ears "
and thoracic hump, again approximating more closely to the thoas type. Un-
fortunately, I omitted to figure the pupa of anchisiades, but it may be said to
resemble a heavy edition of torqiiatus without the front projections. Compare
the figures of larvae on Plate II and of pupae on Plate IV.
P. hyppason (pi. ii. fig. 11, pi. iv. fig. 5).
At certain times of year quite a common species about Para, especially
in the larval form in April and May, but not confined to these months.
Though it is impossible to give the exact times of appearance, I have noticed
that a small percentage of pupae " stand over " for several months, while others
■312 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XX^^. 1019.
emerge within three weeks or so. Once the food-plant is known and the season
rightly gauged, an expedition for the ova and larvae of hyppason is always well
rewarded, even in localities where one never sees the butterfly on the wing.
From the first days of April to the middle of May 1913 I took as many as
40 ova and larvae of this species on all sides of Para, the Guama region, Murutucu,
Utinga, Souza, Curro, and on the adjacent Ilha das On9as, but never on any
other plant but Piper belemense. This, as its name indicates, is a local plant
possessing large glossy leaves. It grows plentifully in almost every swampy
district, and is easily rooted up to grow temporarily in a kerosene tin and serve
as a food-supply for one's captured larvae. I find this to be much the best
way in Para for rearing most larvae associated with herbaceous plants, and
invariably keep a stock of Aristolochias and small serviceable trees in the corner
of my backyard and bathroom.
The egg of hyppason is large and yellow, and made to look even larger and
deeper in tone by the imposition of a heavy, wax-like substance capping tlie
top and studding the sides with three circular lobes, which protrude more than
the usual vertical ribs.
It is invariably laid upon the mid-rib and upper surface of one of the tender
green leaves, where it is easily detected ; and the minute accuracy with which
this butterfly always chooses the ideal spot upon which to deposit an egg is
a very beautiful feature.
The young larva shortly after emergence consumes the greater portion
of the egg-shell and its wax-like covering ; it then takes to the leaf, and with
increasing growth is found lower on the plant, eating the larger, darker, and
more matured leaves.
Throughout the first four stages of its larval existence it is of the '" bird's
dung " design and coloration — a yellowish olive-brown with white on the
posterior segments, the dorsal area being doubly intersected in the centre by a
couple of oblique white stripes running parallel to each other, and adorned on
the side with a broad spiracular white band. AVhen young it has prominent
tubercles crested with bristles. In the final stage some of the dorsal tubercles,
though disproportionately small, are still visible ; and the very oUy appearance
which it formerly possessed gives place to a velvety skin of the richest brown
with minute touches of violet. All the light portions now partake of a delicate
tone of lemon-yellow inclining to green towards the middle, and becoming
creamy on approaching pupation. It always lives fuUy exposed upon the upper
surface of a leaf, and in the final instar presents a very striking appearance.
The pupa is like a piece of brown stick, rather long, uniformly tapered off
to the anal extremity, surmounted by a stout thoracic hump, and only less
prominently " eared " than thoas.
A varying amount of pure white and a touch of green mark the abdominal
segments dorsall}^ and once I had a pupa which remained a bright grass green,
a light yellow taking the place of white in the colour scheme. I never found the
pupa at large, so that I cannot give its favoured situations, but they doubtless
correspond to those chosen by Papilio machaon in the Broads of Norfolk and
the Fens of Cambridgeshire. The entire cycle of changes from egg to butterfly
is, like others of the genus, often accomplished in little more than 50 days.
Reverting to the young larvae, living as they do in such exposed positions
upon the upper surfaces of smooth leaves with very little of a foothold of silk,
KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 313'
1 am inclined to believe that many of them in nature get washed off their plants
l)y the torrential rains experienced in this particular part of the world, and
which, judging by the years 1912, 1913, and 1916, are by no means over till well
through the month of May. If this really is the case, it is probably the main
reason why comparatively few reach maturity, and the species is reckoned to
be scarce. Moreover, there is associated with it a fairly large yellow-bodied
hymenopterous parasite ; I bred one from the pupa of the first larva of this
species which I ever found, and I have not seen it since. Of course, at the time,
I was left in the dark as to the identity of the larva which I had just figured.
In the butterfly a few salient features are worthy of note, and constitute
important differences when contrasting hyppason with the black-and-red Papilios
of the Aristolochia groups : e.g. —
1. Patch on forewing of male yellowish rather than white, much liroken
up and suffused and tapering off towards the apex.
2. Forewing of male broad, hindwing in proportion reduced ; red spots
of a violet hue, appearing brick-red in certain lights.
3. Patch on forewing of female pure white, but much suffused by comparison
\\\X\\ lyaander.
4. Eight coloured patches on hindwing of female very unequal in length,
the lower six being endowed with a lovely violet iridescence, the seventh some-
times and the eighth always being cream-coloured.
5. A red spot on base of undersurface of hindwing, and touches of white
in fringe.
6. All black scales thicker in both sexes, giving greater opacity to the wings,
sijecimens in consequence being very easily scratched and spoilt.
7. Neither sex is much subject to variation, save in the extent of the white
or coloured patches.
8. The butterfly haunts exactly those parts of the matto where the Aristo-
lochia species dwell, and has indeed often been taken in company with lysandei\
thus facilitating the deception.
P. anchisiades anchisiades (pi. ii. fig. 12, pi. iv. fig. 1).
A well-known species with a wide range of distribution, and as common
in Para as elsewhere.
Food-plants : Any species of Citrus, and once in nature, according to
expectation, on Fagara rhoifolia, in July 1917.
The eggs, which are yellow and smaller than those of the three previous
species, are found in a batch of 50 or more, compactly deposited on the under-
smiace of an orange or lemon leaf, generally within reach of the hand. Here
at first the young larvae remain, livmg in a gregarious cluster and feeding chiefly
by night.
At this period they are almost repulsive in their similarity to a mass of
oily yellow maggots. As they grow, they become a green- or grey- brown, and
are still exceedingly grub-like and oily in appearance. The full-grown larva
is of a rich freckled brown, with small and ill-defined touches of white, and
it no longer possesses a glazed surface. Generally before reaching this stage
the whole batch betakes itself to the base of the tree-trunk, where, after spinning
a slight silken foothold, the individuals repose side by side during the day,
314 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
and give the appearance of a large thick patch of some lichenous growth. When
taking some of the number and the rest are disturbed, the scent emitted by
their telescopic glands behind the head is unpleasantly powerful.
The pupae, though sometimes formed on the trunk or branches of an orange
or lemon tree, are often found spun up on walls and palings. As the positions
thus chosen at least admit of the growth of lichen, and as the pupa, though
variable in tone and depth of colour, is generally grey- brown with bluish green
abdominal segments, giving it a weathered look, it is admirably obscured and
easily passed by without notice. In form it is thick and blunt, and, though
rough, its " ears " and hump project very slightly.
The butterfly, as is well known, is dimorphic, especially in the extent, or
in the entire absence, of the creamy patch on the forewing, and also in the degree
of cream and lilac pink adorning the hindwing.
One of my Para-bred specimens has some deep cadmium scales supporting
the forewing patch. The fringe between the nervures is always narrow and
white ; and, though not properly taUed, the margin of the wing is prominently
dentated.
P. isodorus.
Of this species I have nothing to record beyond the capture of a single
undated butterfly in Para, carelessly regarding it at the time as only a specimen
of anchisiades. The large suffused white patch in the upper part of the forewing
and the arrangement of the pink marks in the hindwing clearly show that it
is not this.
Doubtless it is an orange-feeder, and from its general similarity as a butterfly
to its close ally it may sometimes have been passed by unnoted, but I am sure
that it is not common.
TOEQtTATUS GeOUP.
P. torquatus torquatus (pi. ii. fig. 13, pi. iv. fig. 2).
This last species of the Fluted PapLLios in Para appears to be very scarce
locally, though doubtless abundant farther afield.
Twice only have I found the larva and once the egg, succeeding on each
■occasion in breeding a female. The egg and a young larva were found on the
fresh green leaves of the lower boughs of a lemon tree in a garden near Souza,
and the other larva was taken on a small tangerine during a hasty walk through
the isle of Cafezal.
I several times caught the male in 1909 in the Perene district of Peru, and
as it is lemon yellow and black, and not easily mistaken for anything else, I
am much surprised to have noticed this sex of the butterfly on but three occasions
in Para. The female, being black like a smaU-tailed anchisiades, with a variable
white patch on the forewing and a lilac splash on the hindwing, may, as with
the former species, have possibly escaped special notice. All these black-and-
red butterflies of Division II, in this case limited to the female sex, are popularly
regarded as mimics of some of the Aristolochia PapiUos, though the resemblances
generally and in points of detail are less striking and wonderful than that
presented by hyppason or ariaraihes, hereafter described. For torquatus always
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 315
has tails (until they get broken off), and its male is always yellow and black,
and so different to its own partner, that no one in advance would ever think
of associating them together as one species.
The egg is small, greenish yellow, and deposited singly.
The young larva, unlike anchisiades, has prominent tubercles, and in its
general colour and design bears points of resemblance to thoas. It is, howevcv,
possessed of a sufficient number of individual features to make discrimination
certain at first glance. Even till later m life its arrangement of well-developed
dorsal tubercles makes it very distinct from other species, as will be gauged by
a comparison of the figures on Plate II. Like the others, it is glossy in surface
until the last instar.
The pupa, like anchisiades, is of a pale greenish-grey colour, but more
slenderly constructed and the anterior projections better developed.
DI\^SION III.— KITE PAPILIOS.
This third and last great Division of the Papilios is, strange to say, but
poorly represented in Para, only one of the true Kites, a subspecies of protesilaus,
occurring here, and that with such rarity as to make one dubious about its
origin.
Seeing that jjrotesilaus and its long- tailed allies are many of them extremely
common in different parts of the Amazon region at no great distance, I incline
to the view that the mere handful of the species named, which have been taken
in Para, are stray immigrants, born and bred elsewhere over the river.
The interest attaching to the Division is, however, sustained and even
heightened by the consideration that Para does, at any rate, possess two other
representatives in pausanias and ariarathes, butterflies which on first sight
appear so heterogeneous as to have entirely lost their bearings.
Lysithous Group.
P. pausanias pausanias.
Unfortunately I have here nothing to record up to date beyond the capture
of a single specimen of the butterfly, taken flying with various Heliconii near
the chief water-tank in Utinga. Of a sheeny blue-black with patches of lemon
on its rounded forewing, it resembles no other Papilio that I know, least of all
the Kites, but becomes, probably for some very good reasbn, the most striking
mimic of a Hdiconius.
This strange resemblance gains emphasis not only from its form and colour
but from the fact that its field of flight is so largely tenanted by several Heliconii
of this particular form and colour ; the assumed reason for it aU being, of course
that these briUiant but lazily flying butterflies fear nothing on account of their
acknowledged distastefulness to the predatory foes of then- kind. It is averred
that birds do not often eat butterflies, but except on those rare occasions when
one has been privileged to witness the phenomenon, I imagme that the contention
is just about as difficult to prove as to disprove. In any case, it cannot be
denied that reptiles, like snakes and lizards, include these winged creatures
in their bill of fare ; and I recall the instance, some years ago in Peru, of a green
316 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
•nake attacking no less formidable a mouthful than a male Morpho didius, as
it sat sipping from a puddle in the road.
It would be interesting to know the early stages of pausanias, but as yet
I have no notion as to what its larva feeds on, and it is evidently a rare species
in Para.
P. ariarathes metagenes (pi. iv. fig. 6). v
A fairly common species about Para, but more restricted to special times
and seasons than some others. Though the butterfly has occasionally been
netted in company with the Aristolochia PapiUos in Utinga, the species has
much more frequently been taken in the larval condition in the same place in
AprU and May, sometimes in other months, such as February and June. It
has also been taken in some numbers in such localities as Canudos, the road
leading from Souza through S. Joaquim to Val de Caes, Pinhetro, and Mosqueiro.
If the last butterfly was noted for its mimicry of a Hdiconius, and hyppason
for its wonderful resemblance to lysander, the species before us now is not one
whit less remarkable in its departure from the approved pattern of its close
allies, and its adoption of the form, design, colour, and even locality of the tail-
less black and red-spotted Papilios of Division I. In fact, we have in ariarathes
of Division III and hyppason of Division II, in aU outward appearances and even
in considerable detail, perfect reproductions of the standard type of those butter-
flies in Division 1. So close, indeed, are these resemblances that one would
still be inclined to doubt the correctness of the classification, were it not a fact
that in all three cases the larvae, pupae, and food-plants are utterly and entirely
distinct from one another, and approximate to other standards. Of course this
is all well known, but not until the early stages of many more species are
unravelled will this strange problem of life show up in its proper proportions
and admit of satisfactory treatment.
The egg of ariarathes is moderate in size, yellow in colour, ribbed vertically,
and is laid singly, sometimes two or three on a plant, on the tender green leaves
of several different species of Anonaceae, the " Biriba," Rollinia squamosa,
the " Oraviola," Amomi mwicata and araticu, and other wUd species with less
pungent-scented leaves.
The larva, though short and stumpy, and of entirely distinct outline from
the Aristolochia caterpillars, has at least this in common with them, that
throughout its stages it is prominently adorned with fleshy tubercles. These,
however, are more erect, and difler greatly in their relative lengths and exact
position.
As there is but little change of colour and design with the successive moults,
the description of the full-grown larva may suffice. This is of a very deep,
reddish-purple colour, with tiny touches of blue and pink above the claspers.
Sometimes in the last stage the ground-colour is lighter, freckled with
purple touches, and showing a broail medio-dorsal band of olive-green, except
on segment 9. This always possesses a broad transverse belt of strong lemon-
yellow and, as though in continuation but at a slightly oblique angle, a similar
band of the same colour marks each side of segment 8. A narrower belt connects
a prominent pair of orange-coloured tubercles on segment 3, while spots of
lemon mark the sides of segments 2, 4, 5, and 6, and the last three. The length
KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. IHIO. 317
of the dorsal tubercles at both extremities is very considerabl», but they rapidly
diminish in ratio towards the centre, being only minute points on 8 and 10, and
unrepresented on 9. They are all very dark maroon except the first and last
pairs, which are of a strong cadmium yellow and much angled outwards.
In the earlier instars its appearance is much the same, only less brilliant
in blend of colours, and never oily looking as in the larvae of the Fluted Papilios.
In full growth it is, like hyppason, a really beautiful object, with a sleek velvety
skin, and always lies fully exposed upon the upper surface of a leaf.
The pupa is extremely different from every other Papilio that I know ;
very short, round and dumpy, with a long curved cremaster, a single prominent
hump on the thorax, and no projecting " ears." I never found it in nature,
but in captivity, except on one occasion, it has always been of a bright emerald-
green colour.
As a butterfly, it is hard to say which of the Aristolochia set ariarathes most
resembles, as in colour and scaling, though perhaps less dense, it most nearly
repeats hyppason, the patch on the forewing of the male being various in shape
and position and yellowish in colour. In the female only it is white, diffused,
and central in position. In the hindwing also the red spots are definitely more
red than pink or crimson, but in arrangement they revert more to the grouping
as exhibited in the female of aeneas.
As it bears touches of white in the fringe of the hindwing it may, on aU
these considerations, be said most nearly to approach this butterfly. If any
advantage is to be gained by looking lUie an Aristolochia Papilio, it is, I presume,
on account of the recognised distastefulness of such butterflies. Certain it
is that the pungent aroma of the Aristolochia plant is often imparted to the
larva feeding on it, and can even be detected in the butterfly on emergence.
Among very important morphological differences, however, may be mentioned
the cui'vature and neuration of the wings, which are true to the form adopted
in Division III ; and, stiU more obvious, the greatly diminished length of the legs
and antennae, which at once strike the observant eye, and are no less characteristic
of the Division.
Protesilatjs Group.
P. protesilaus nigricomis.
As already announced, I have but to record this species and leave it. Two
specimens alone have accrued to my collection from the large tank in Utinga,
that justly-famed Para locality where so many butterflies come for rest and
refreshment.
Of my 22 Papilios, I estimate that I have taken, or at least seen, within a
very few yards of this tank, 14 or 15 species, and I can scarcely doubt that it
is the occasional rendezvous of the remainder, for presumably none of them
live at any distance, and their access to the spot over the tree-tops is, for a
butterfly, simplicity itself.
There are days when the forest is almost oppressive, not so much by its
heat, as by its aspect of total desertion. A deathly stillness pervades all things ;
one sees no birds, no animals, hardly an insect of any kind ; nothing is in motion,
and, moreover, on such an occasion there is often nothing to break the quiet
but one hoUow, echoing sound, strangely repeated at intervals in the hidden
21
318
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
recesses of the wood. It is the bill of the toucan at work, hammering away
at the bole of some lofty forest tree ; and away in the background all the while,
though the ear becomes so satiated with the din as not to notice it, is the
monotonous whistling or " churring " of a thousand cicadas, a concert which
seems only to emphasise the impression of solitude.
But the forest after aU is not dead ; it is but a dormitory of sleeping creatures
well concealed and preparing for the morrow. Another day will come when
the air itself is fuU of life ; and so far as butterflies are concerned, one is bewildered
by their number. If not always caught or tracked to their haunts beyond
those festooned giants, it is, at least, a pure joy to make one's way down to the
tank, for its mesmeric attractions are all-embracing in the endless procession
of aerial flights which are ever and anon mirrored in its still, dark waters.
PLATE II.
1.
Papilio aeneas marcius, full-grown.
2 a & 6.
J
, sesostris sesostris, „
3.
J
, vertummis diceros , ,,
4 a, 6, &
c.
, anchises thelios, „
5.
, aglaope, , ,
6o&6.
, ly Sander, ,,
7.
, echemon echemon, ,,
8.
, neophilus ecbolius, ,,
9.
, thoas thoas, full-grown but slightly reduced.
10.
, androgens, „ „
11.
, hyppason.
12.
„ anchisiades anchisiades, full-grown but slightly reduced
13.
,, torquatus torquatus, 4th instar.
PLATE III.
Aeistolochia Papilios.
1. Papilio neophilus ecbolius, 3rd instar.
2. ,, aglaope ; variety like lysander (rare).
3. ,, echemon echemon ; hardly distinguishable from dark form of anchises.
4. ,, anchises thelios, 3rd instar.
5. ,, vertumnus diceros. 4th instar, showing no yellow stripes.
6. ,, aeneas marcius, 3rd instar.
7. ,, sesostris sesostris, pupa.
8. ,, lycidas.
a. 3rd instar.
6. 5th „
c. Pupa.
9. ,, belus belemus.
a. 4th instar.
b. 5th „
c. Showing colour change prior to pupation about 24 hours
before spinning up.
d. Pupa.
PLATE II.
For explanation of figiu-es, see p. 318.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XXVI. 1919.
PL. II.
^^Wlfefe
6a
^iiite»
6 b
^^^» Static
12
MENPES PRESS, LONDON.
A. Miles Moss piiix.
PLATE III.
For explanation of figures, see pp. 31 S, 319.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XXVI. 1919
Pl. III.
L^
MENPES PRESC. LONDON.
A, Miles Moss pinx.
4^ A
55SiWiA
.^
NOVHATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXVI. 1919.
PL. IV.
MENPES PRESS LONDON
A . Miles Moss pinx.
NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXVI. 1919.
319
10. Papilio polydamaa polydamas.
a. 4th instar.
b&c. 5th „
d. Pupa ; often emerald green and lemon in colour.
il. „ crassus ; o. 1st clasper segment magnified, showing colour change
prior to pupation.
PLATE IV.
Fluted Papilios.
1. Papilio atichisiades anchisiades, &na,l instar.
2. „ torquatus torquatus. a. Final instar.
h. Pupa.
■3. ,, thoas thoas. a. 4th instar.
h. 5th „
c. Dorsal view, showing " eyes."
d. Pupa.
4. ,, androgens androgeus.
a. 3rd instar.
6. 5th „
c. Pupa.
5. „ hyppason. a. 4th instar.
6. At full growth,
c. Puj)a.
Kite Papilios.
•6. ,, ariarathes metagenes.
a. 5th instar ; dorsal view.
h. At full growth.
c. Pupa ; rarely olive in colour.
d. Dorsal view of pupa, showing "eyes."
320 NoTiTATEs Zoological XXVI. 1919
A GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE TO SHOW THE DISTRIBUTION
OF THE AMERICAN PAPILIOS.
By W. J. KAYE, F.E.S.
THE table of papilios arranged geographically now published will draw
attention to blanks and discrepancies in their distribution which call for
further light. The table is based on the " Revision of the American Papilios."
by Rothschild and Jordan, in Novitates Zoologicae, Vol. XIII. (1906). It
was found to be impossible to make the table continuous from end to end ;
and although the utmost has been done to bring contiguous districts together
for comparison, breaks were inevitable. I have thought it best to continue
the United States down through Central America ; Colombia ; Ecuador ;
Peru : Bolivia ; N. Argentina ; crossing to Paraguay ; N.E. Argentina ; E.G.
Argentina ; Uruguay ; S. Brazil, Rio Grande ; S. Brazil, Sta Catharina ;
(S. BrazO. Parana ; S. Brazil, Sao Paulo ; S. Brazil, Rio ; C. Brazil, Goyaz and
;\[atto Grosso ; and N.E. Brazil, Bahia and Ceara. Though all this district is
continuous, yet Goyaz and Matto Grosso do not fit in well, as N.E. Brazil is in
many ways more like Rio, and it would be better to follow the maritime Brazilian
States northwards. However, Goyaz and Matto Grosso must be fitted some-
where, but we are conscious of the impossibility of placing each area in a good
position for comparison. A definite break is made at N.E. Brazil, as the Amazonian
delta contains a different fauna, and also it is possible to take another larger
area under review which is more or less continuous. For this purpose a start
is made with Florida, continuing with the Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti. Jamaica,
Grand Cayman, Porto Rico, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela North, Venezuela
Orinoco, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana, Lower Amazon, Middle
Amazon, and Upper Amazon. Then, as a region sharply divided olT, the whole
of the Pacific slope west of the Andes is treated separately, taking W. Colombia,
VV. Ecuador, W. Peru, and N.W. Chile. No Papilio occurs in the south-west of
Chile, and only one — archidamas — in North Cliile. The aridity of Western Peru
and N. Cliile has caused a lack of vegetation with an inevitable dearth of lepidop-
tera. In Western Ecuador the whole aspect is changed, due to the diversion of
the cold Antarctic Ocean current out to the Galai^agos Island, where again
the aridity is greatly in evidence. With a rich vegetation Western Ecuador
has quite a rich fauna, and we find no less than II species of Papilio. Western
Colombia, also, is well represented with 13 species. One must remember,
liowever, that Colombia stretches through more degrees of latitude and is a much
larger country than Ecuador. In nearly every case the subspecies found on
the west coast of whatever country are different to those on the eastern slope
of the Andes. Western Ecuador even produces a species—epenetus — that is
confined to the west. A comparison of these regions is appended :
Species. Species.
Colombia (West Coast) . .13 Peru (West Coast) . . .1?
Ecuador „ . . .11 N.Chile „ ... 1
KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
321
A comparison of the West Indian islands is interesting, but the paucity
of the smaller islands is at once apparent. Much exploration, no doubt, remains
to be done yet, for if St. Lucia has three species of Papilio, surely Martinique,
Dominica, and Guadeloupe have as many? Again, if Cuba holds 13 species,
Haiti must surely have as many if not more. Porto Rico may contain more
than the four recorded species. It is jjossible that it may not now have as
many, for the island is very highly cultivated and is densely populated. Jamaica
has 6 species, and this is not likely to be increased, as the butterflies of the
island are pretty well known. We have given a column to the small island of
Grand Cayman because it produces a subspecies of its own of andraemon, but
this is the only species there unless polydamas in some form or other occurs,
which is most probable and likely. The fauna of Grenada entomologically is
little known, and it is higlily probable that in such a fertile and weU-wooded
island there is more than the one species — polydamas. Trinidad furnishes nine
species of Papilio, and its near neighbour, Tobago, is so little worked that it is
not certain whether a papilio occurs there at all. D. Longstaff does not record
any species in his paper in the Trans. Ent. Soc. 1908. But it is highly probable
that the widely spread polydamas occurs.' Starting with Florida (which is
much like the West Indies in climate), a comparative list gives the following
result :
Species.
Florida .
Bahamas
Cuba.
Haiti
Jamaica
Grand Cayman
Porto Rico
Antigua .
7
Guadeloupe
2
Dominica
3
Martinique
9
St. Lucia
6
St. Vincent
1
Grenada
4
Tobago .
1
Trinidad
Species.
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
9
In the geographical table, following Trinidad comes Venezuela (North), but
the Orinoco column can equally be comjiared, for Trinidad has species that are
common to both regions. It is instructive to note that while the Orinoco region
has 23 species, the northern area with the mountainous region gives 30 species.
Trinidad in the south is like the Orinoco region, while in the north, owing to
the range of hills (the continuation of the " silla " range in Venezuela), it is
more like the North Venezuela fauna. Continuing the sweep of the coast-Une
from the Orinoco in turn, British, Dutch, and French Guiana are tabulated.
These three areas are remarkably uniform for the numbers of species. Both
Dutch and French Guiana have 27 species, while British has 26. The species,
however, are not identical. For while coelus belongs only to French, phosphorus
is only recorded from the British area ; but as it occurs in the Lower Amazon, it
may be expected to turn up in the intervening country. Lycidas is not yet
recorded from British or French, while it is to be found on the Lower Amazon
as well as in the Orinoco basin, besides Dutch Guiana. Aristeus is absent from
British, but found in Dutch and French. Callias is not found in British or
Dutch, but belongs to French Guiana and the Lower Amazon. Probably, when
^ Since recorded.
522
NoviTATES ZooLoaiCAE XXVI. 1919;
our knowledge is more complete, it will be found that British and Dutch differ-
only from French by not having codus or callias.
The Lower, Middle, and Upper Amazon cannot be compared properly, owing
doubtless to our want of more knowledge from the Middle Amazon. Since
Bates's time surprisingly little has been collected in this region, and it cannot
be true that there are only 22 species in the middle area, while there are 26 ia>
the Lower Amazon and 31 in the Upper Amazon. Such species as aristeus and
molops are almost certain to occur, being found in the Guianas as well as the
Lower Amazon. Lycophron is another species that one would expect from the-
Middle Amazon.
As a continuation of the West Indian chain and its papiUonid figures, it is
striking to see how poor Cuba is to the mainland. The Central American figures-
are even higher than those for the Guianas, due doubtless to variation in elevation,
but are the same for North Venezuela. The Central American and the Venezuela-
Guiana-Amazonian figures are placed in two columns for comparison :
s
pecies.
Species.
Venezuela, North . . .30
Mexico, West . . . .34
Venezuela, Orinoco
23
Mexico, East
37
British Guiana .
26
Guatemala
40
Dutch Guiana .
27
Honduras .
38.
French Guiana .
27
Nicaragua .
31
Lower Amazon
26
Costa Rica.
34
Middle Amazon .
22
Panama
36
Upper Amazon .
31
Colombia, Muzo
43;
Colombia, Sta Martha
17?
Colombia, Cauca VaUey
40
Ecuador, E. Andes
46.
N. Peru, E. Andes
45
C. Peru, Chanchamayo
40
S.E. Peru .
37
Bolivia, Andes
38.
N. Argentina
10
Paraguay .
22
N.E. Argentina
12
E.C. Argentina
6
Uruguay .
»
S. Brazil, Rio Grande .
17
S. Brazil, Sta Catharina
21
S. Brazil, Parana
. 23
S. Brazil, Sao Paulo .
. 28
S. Brazil, Rio
. 27
C. Brazil, Goyaz, Matto Grosso
. 2a
N.E. Brazil, Bal
ia, Ceara
. 10
The figures for the different areas of the Nearctic region clearlj' show the
effect of climate on the papiUos. The middle States of Canada have the poorest
showing, with only 4 species. Eastern Canada is only one better with 5
species. But the Eastern United States have 7. In the much warmer
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919. 323
South- Eastern States there are 8. But Western Canada, with its much more
equable chmate, can show 9 species, and if polyxenes should occur it would
be 10. California, even, can show no more than 9, as while it has philenor
it lacks nitra, which belongs to Western Canada. California, again, has indra,
which is lacking in Canada, but Canada in the extreme north-west has machaon.
Numbers of papihos in the Nearctic region :
Species. Species.
Canada, West .... 9 U.S.A., Middle .... 9
U.S.A., North-West ... 8 Canada, East .... 5
U.S.A., South-West ... 9 U.S.A., North-East ... 7
Canada, Middle .... 4 U.S.A., South-East ... 8
Taking the richest area — Cahfornia — where there are 9 species or possibly
10, it is to be seen how poor it is compared with a country like Mexico, which
produces 37. It is true, Mexico is a large unit to compare and covers many
degrees of latitude, but even for a Umited area the figures are high. Guatemala,
which is quite a small country, has 40 species. It is clear the influence of
the tropics is very marked, for in the hot Gulf States of North America, which
are outside the tropic, there are no more than 9 species.
Ecuador, east of the Andes, is the richest area on the whole American con-
tinent. When one recollects that it has all the elements for Nature to produce
her forms — uniform temperature whether high or low, and great variation of
altitude and a damp atmosphere, it is not surprising. The areas where these
conditions closely approximate the figures are much the same, as while E. Ecuador
has 46 species, N. Peru, east of the Andes, has 45, and the Cauca valley of Colombia
40 .species. The figures we give for the Sta Martha district of Colombia are
probably well under the actual total at 1 7. It would be surprising if another ten
or a dozen species are not added to the list when oiu- knowledge is more complete.
Again, there is only a record of 10 species from N. Argentina, and this must be
well under the total, for in Paraguay there are 22 species. For N.E. Argentina
there are only 12 species recorded, but this cannot apply to the hilly state of
Jli.ssiones, but to the flat district. In the BraziUan State of Rio Grande do Sul
there are 17 species, and as one goes northwards the total steadily increases
till from the State of Sao Paulo there are 28 recorded species. Our knowledge of
Goyaz and Matto Grosso is too small to give any accurate figures. The 23 species
will doubtless be considerably augmented. One of the most astonishing outcomes
of our compilation is that Bahia and Ceara give only 10 recorded papilios.
Both tehis and androgens will almost certainly be added, but it would be difficult
to forecast what other species might be found. The country to the north of
Bahia is very little known entomologicaUy. Even Pernambuco is hardly known.
From the Heliconine forms found there it is clear they belong to the S.E. Brazilian
types, with the transverse yellow bar in the hindwing.
Ordinary Helicon ius erato phyllis occurs that is in no way different from
phyllis over a vast area of S.E. Brazil. Similarly, Heliconius melpomene burchalli
occurs which is characteristic of the country to the north-west of Rio. With
the recorded papilios there is also a marked preponderance of the S.E. Brazilian
element. There is, however, a total absence of representatives of the first two
groups of Aristolochia papilios — the ascanius group and the aeneas group ; while
324 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXVI. 1919.
Rio has three representatives of the first and two of the second. But to
emphasise the strong S.E. Brazihan character of the papiUos one has only to
look at the torquatus group of the second division or fluted papiUos. Here the
.subspecies of torquatus is polyhius, as in the south. Hectorides occurs, which
is a wholly southern species, and himeros, another wholly southern species,
occurs only in a slightly altered subspecies — baia. Another wholly southern
species is scatnander, and this occurs without even subspecific differences. In
the protesilaus group it is curious no representative is recorded, and one might
suspect the occurrence of one or two species. On the whole, there perhaps
may not be much to be discovered, especially in the rather dry district of Ceara,
but to the west of Pcrnambuco, with its more humid air, there must surely be
species to be discovered, while to the south towards Bahia interesting discoveries
will certainly be made.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919.
325
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356 N'OVITATES ZOOLOOICAK XXVI. 1919.
ALGERIAN LEPIDOPTERA.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE I.
By lord ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.
No.
1, 6. Notolophus splendida isolatella (Strand). Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 353.
2, 3, 7, 8. Notoloplnis dubia umbripennis (Strand). Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 353.
4. Notolophus splendida splendida (Ramb.). Faun. Entom. Andal. ii. pi. 15.
£f. 3-6.
5. Notolophus splendida turcica (Led.). Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1852. p. 117.
9, 10, 43. Notolophus dubia dubia (Tauscher). Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, t. 13.
f. 3. 1806. t. i.
42. Notolophus rl. dubia larva.
41. Notolophus algirica (Luc.) ab. josephina (Aust.). Le Natitraliste, 1880. p. 212.
For details of Algerian Notolophus see Nov. Zool. xxiv. pp. 350-5.
11. Procris bellieri prasiyia Rothsoh. Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 345.
12, 13. Zygaena marcouna excelsa Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 340.
14. Cymbalophora poivelli Oberth. $. Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1910. p. 333.
15, 16. Drepana binaria uncinula (Borldi.) aberr. ? Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 393.
17. Drepana binaria uncinula ab. oranaria Strand. Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde,
vol. ii. p. 200.
18. Dysj)essa affinis Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxiv. p. 408.
19. Antitype discalis Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xix. p. 125.
20. Hadula griseola (Rothsch.) Nov. Zool. xx. p. 121.
21. Antitype liagar Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xix. p. 125.
22. Metopoceras morosa Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 326.
23. Oedibrya subplurnbeola (Culot) — Catamecia cinnamomina Rothsch. Noct.
A Geom. d'Eur. p. 125 (1912) ; Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 336 (1914).
24. Tephris verucidella aridella Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xx. p. 136.
25. Procus jarouUi (Rothsch.) = Miana erratricula poivelli Oberth. Nov. Zool.
xxi. p. 333 (1914); Etud. Lepid. Comp. Fasc. xvi. p. 135 (1919).
20. Athetis approximans Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 334.
27. Oederemia precisa (Warr.) = Catamecia subperla Rothsch. Seitz, Gross-
schmett. Erde, vol. iii. p. 23 (1909). Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 336 (1914).
28. Eublemma ? sabulosa Rothsch. (uTong genus). Nov. Zool. xx. p. 127.
29. SuraUha strioliger Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xx. p. 135.
30. Bryophila pseudoperla Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 334.
31. Antitype rosea ab. suffusa Rothsch. = Epunda concolor Oberth. Nov. Zool,
xxi. p. 330 (1914) ; Etud. Lepid. Comp. Fasc. xvi. p. 143 (1919).
32. Bryophila bilineata Rothsch. = Bryophila rosinans Oberth. Nov. Zool.
xxi. p. 333 (1914) ; Etud. Lipid. Comp. Fasc. xvi. p. 10 (1919).
33. Hadula cinnamomeogrisea (Rothsch.) Nov. Zool. xx. p. 121.
34. 35. Grammoscelis magnifies (Rothsch.) Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 328.
36. Lycophofia agrotina (Rothsch.) Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 316.
PLATE I.
For explanation of figures, see pp. 350, o07.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXVI. 1910.
PL. I,
%4 M hi W
WW ™
K>
\ 22 -
2R
■<<ii
.>is/
UENPES PRESS, LONDON.
F. IV. Frohatvk. del.
NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. g57
No.
37. Bryophila albomaculata Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 333.
38. Athetis jacobsi Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxi. p. 335.
39. Athetis flavirena rujostigmata Rothsch. Noik Zool. xxi. p. 335.
10. Eublemiiia ernesti Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxii. p. 232.
O t
358 NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXVI. 1919.-
EXPLANATIONS OF PLATES V AND VL
By ERNST HARTERT.
Plate V, Fio, 1.— Sylvietta neumaimi Rothsch.
Sylvietta neumanni Rothschild, Butt. B.O. Club, xxiii. p. 42, December 1908.
rTNHIS peculiar bird is named in honour of Professor Oscar Neumann. In
-L structure it appears to bo a very typical Sylvietta, but its coloration is
quite singular. Six specimens, four marked (J, two $, were collected by RudoH
Graver in July, November, and December, at elevations of 1,900 and 2,000 m.
in the primeval forests north-west of Baraka and west of Lake Tanganj'ika-
The females are perfectly similar to the males, only a little smaller.
Plate V, Eio. 2. — Pachycephala moroka R. & H.
Pachycephala moroka Rothschild & Hartert, Noi'. Zool. 1903. p. 106.
We described this species from a single luisexed specimen, obtained in
the Moroka district, in the Owen Stanley Mountains, British New Guinea, between
3,000 and 0,000 feet. We did not see another siiccimen until Albert S. Meek
obtained 3 males and 1 female at Owgarra, Angabunga River, in November 1904
and January 1905, at elevations between 6,000 and 8,000 feet. The sexes are
alike. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 472.
Plate V, Fig. 3. — Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothsch.
Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, Bidl. B.O. Cluh, xxix. p. 20. Novembe.- 1911 ; Rothschild &
Hartert, AW. Zool. 1913. p. 508 ; Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1915, Jubilee Supplement, p. 95.
Meek and Eichhorn collected 9 specimens of this very soft-feathered, some-
what aberrant Pachycephala on Mount Goliath, east of the central part of the
Snow Mountains, where the B.O.U. and Wollaston Expeditions collected. C. Boden
Kloss collected a pair on the Utakwa River, 5,500 feet, in February 1913.
Plate VI, Fig. 1.— Melipotes ater Rothsch. & Hart.
Mdipoles ater Rothschild & Hartert, Biill. B.O. Cltt'i, xxix. p. 13 (1911).
All we know of this most remarkable species are 3 slcins collected by the
German missionary, C. Keysser, on tlie Rawlinson Mountains, north of the
Huon Gulf, about 1,500 m. high. Though only one was originally " sexed,"
there can be no doubt that one is a male and the two other females. They agree
all three in colour, but the male is much larger than the two females.
Plate VI, Fig. 2. — Dicaeum nigrilore Hart.
Dicaeum nigrilore Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xv. p. S (October 1904).
John Waterstradt collected not less than 14 specimens, about 3,000 feet
high, on Mount Apo, S. Mindanao, in October 1903. The bird must have been
fairly common, and it is pccuUar that Walter Goodfellow, Avho made larger
collections on the same mountain, did not come across it.
XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. V'OL. XX\'l. Il;ig.
PI. V.
;; (Iroiivol,!. dil
SYLVIETTA NEUMANN! Katitsch-
PACHYCEPHALA MOROKA K. C~ H
PACHYCEPHALA TENEBROSA Kothuh
NoviTATEs ZooLOGiCAE. Vol.. XX\'I. 1919.
PI. VI.
// OriiiivuiJ, ,lcl.
MELIPOTES ATER H. i^ H. <5
DICAEUM NIGRILORE tLiii. 9
LEPIDOPTERA
COLLECTED BY THE
British Ornithologists' Union and Woilaston Expeditions in
the Snow IVIountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea
WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
(LORD ROTHSCHILD)
PRICE : £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers).
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
sphingidae:
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
AND
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: £5 (less 20% to Booksellers).
cxxxv and 972 pages, with 67 Platep.
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PKINTKD BV UAZCLL, WATOOM AND VINEV, LI)., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H 3ounial of ZooioQ^^.
KDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, P.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and Dr. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XXVI.
No. 3.
Pages 359—385
Issued May ISth, 1920, at the Zoological Museum, Tking.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEV, I,D., LONDON AND AYLESBDRY.
1920.
Vol. XXVI.
N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. III.
PAGES
INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI 359—385
TITLE-PAGE, CONTENTS, LIST OF PLATES, AND ERRATA TO VOLUME XXVI
A List of the Contents of the first 25 volumes of NoviUites Zoologicae, 1894-1918,
arranged according to Subjects and Authors, is in course of preparation and will be
ready for publication in the autumn.
INDEX.
abayensis (Lagonostiota), 147.
— (Ploceus), 138.
abdominalis (Lophoceps), 69.
abeaeformis (Toleria), 79.
aby3siniensis (Melittia), 95.
Acanthia, 156 157.
achemon (Pholus), 224.
— (Sphinx), 224.
Acherontia, 193.
Acilia, 19.
AcUoa, 19, 20, 29.
Aoosmeryx, 226.
acoametes {MeUttia), 86.
acraeoides (Castnia), 22.
— (Herrichia), 22.
Acridotheres, 136.
Acrulocercus, 177.
aorua (Hylophanea), 244.
actaeus (Sphinx), 250.
aoteus (Rhyncholaba), 250.
actor (Castnia), 4.
— (Eupalamidea), 4.
Aouaria, 179-84, 189.
acuta (Hemeroplanes), 215.
aoutirostria (Geoapiza), 152.
adamai (Rholua), 224.
Adixoa, 47, 50, 100, 104.
Adixoana, 119.
adustum (Macrogloaaum), 239.
aeagrus (Dinia), 254.
Aegeria, 47, 71-7, 98, 100-3, 110, 118.
Aegerina, 47, 48, 50, 51, 81, 82.
Aegeroaphecia, 47, 50, 79, 80.
Aegintha, 142.
aegrota (Cechenena), 251.
— (Pergeaa), 251.
aegyptiacua (Creleon), 286.
Aeluroedus, 127.
aenea (Aeuigmina), 71.
aeneas (PapUio), 295, 301.
aenescens (Melittia), 94.
— (Saliunca), 277.
Aeuigmina, 47, 49, 71.
aequalia (Paeudodolbiua), 200.
aequata (Chryaopa), 287.
aeatriformis (Synanthedon), 59.
24
aethiopica (Amblyoapiza), 137.
— (Melittia), 86.
Aethiopsar, 136.
affinia (Acuaria), 184.
— (Amauta), 3.
— (Camarhynchua), 153.
— (Castnia), 3, 7.
— (Caatniomera), 7.
— (Cocytiua), 195.
— (Dyspessa), 356.
— (Emberiza), 162.
— (Geospiza), 153.
— (Hemiguathua), 170.
— (Paranthrene), 108.
— (Synhimantus), 184.
afra (Leucophlebia), 207, 208.
africana (.41buna), 104.
— (Macrotaraipus), 58.
— (Mirafra), 164, 165.
— (Paranthrene), 104.
africanus (Acanthia), 156.
— (Carduelia), 156.
agdistiformia (Veismannia), 51.
aglaope (Papilio), 295, 304.
agrotina (Lycophotia), 356.
aharonii (Calandrella), 164.
Ailuroedus, 127.
Alaemon, 163.
alaiana (Haemorrhagia), 220.
alaudinus (Phrygilua), 162.
alaudipes (Alaemon), 163.
albemarlei (Certhidea), 172.
alberti (Theretra), 225.
albeacena (Paradisea), 128.
albibase (Maoroglosaum), 241.
albicincta (Chamanthedon), 65.
— (HomogjTia), 112.
albidua (Anthua), 168.
albifrona (Amblyoapiza), 137,
■ — ■ (Episaimina), 55.
— (Paranthrene), 103.
albigula (Myzomela), 174.
albigutta (Macroglosaum), 238.
albilinea (Temnora), 232.
albiloria (Oriolus), 134.
albiorbis (Euxoa), 254.
3S9
360
albipalpis (Chalconycles), 275.
albipuncta (Macrotarsipua), 58.
albiventris (Conopia), 76.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 76.
— (Sesia), 76.
albofasciata (Castnia), 16.
— (Certhilauda), 163.
— (Sympalamides), 16.
alboinsignita (Castnia), 18.
— (Sehaefferia), 18.
albomaculata (BryophUa), 357.
— (Castnia), 8.
— (Hymenosphecia), 77.
albomarginatus (Rhagastis), 250, 251.
albostigmata (Euryglottis), 199.
Albuna, 100, 104.
Alcathoe, 47, 48, 51.
alenicola (Aegeria), 77.
alenicum (Trochilium), 82.
Aleuron, 216, 241.
alexanderi (Amandina), 148.
— (Galerida), 165.
algericus (Neuroleini), 285.
algirica (Notolophus), 356.
Alist«ranu3, 142.
allaudi (Homogyna) 110, 111.
alleonis, (Emberiza) 161.
Alonina, 47, 49, 78.
Alphitonia, 71.
altera (Manucodia), 128.
alterna (Adixoa), 100.
— (Aegeria), 100.
altemans (Morter), 283.
althodes (Teragra), 267.
amabilia (Polyptychus), 210.
amadis (Xylophanes), 244.
amalleuta (Olegophlebia), 52.
amalthaea (Orthia), 29.
amanda (Callambulyx), 213.
Amandina, 148.
amantium (Erythrospiza), 158.
Amauta, 3, 4, 33.
amazoneusis (Castnia), 2.
— (Cyparissias), 2.
amazonica (Boisduvalia) 25, 32.
— (Castnia), 25.
ambigua (Melittia), 108.
Amblyomis, 127.
Amljlyospiza, 137.
amblyphaea (Melittia), 86.
amboinensis (Melittia), 87, 88.
amboinicus (Marumba), 212.
— (Smerinthus), 212.
Ambulyx, 204, 206, 214, 217.
Amesia, 281.
amethystina (.\mauta), 3.
— (Castnia), 3.
Ammodramus, 162.
Ammomanes, 166, 167.
amoenum (Macroglossum), 240.
amorpha (Chamanthedon), 67.
Ampeloeca, 242.
Ampelophaga, 226, 242.
Amphimoea, 195.
Amphonjx, 195.
Amplypterus, 204, 205.
amycus (Castnia), 18.
— (Sehaefferia), 18.
analis (Meganoton), 193.
— (Pholus), 223.
— (Spbinx), 193.
analoga (Ptilotis), 177,
Anaudia, 47, 50, 112.
anceus (Acosmeryx), 226.
anchlses (Papilio), 295, 303.
anchisiades (Papilio), 295, 313.
ancylus (Polyptj'chus), 209.
andamana (Paranthrene), 108.
andicola (Protoparce), 197.
andraenipennis (Pseudomelittia), 100.
andrepietura (Lepidopoda), 54.
androgens (Papilio), 295, 310.
anerythra (Castnia), 11.
— (Xanthocastnia), 11.
anglica (Loxia), 160.
angolensis (Anthus), 169.
— (Oryzoborus) 154.
— (Serinus), 160.
Angonyx. 227, 228, 229.
angulosa (Temnora), 233.
angusta (Amauta), 33.
angustans (Daplmis), 241.
angustata (Amauta), 4.
— (Castnia), 4.
anhyalea (Chalconycles), 276.
anisozona (Conopia), 75.
— (Sesia), 75.
annectens (Dicnirus), 41, 42.
anochus (Polyptychus) 209.
Anomoeotes, 269, 270.
ansorgei (Diatropura), 146.
— (Lagonosticta), 148.
. — (Nesocharis), 143.
— (Plocepasser), 144.
— (Pyromelaena), 145.
— (Pytelia), 143.
— (Sphingonaepiopsis), 235.
anthedoniformis (Melittia), 88.
anthina (Protoparce) 198.
anthrax (Paranthrene), 101.
Anthrenoptera, 112.
Anthreptes, 174.
anthuris (Acuaria), 179.
Anthus, 168, 169.
Antinephele, 235.
Antitype, 356.
S61
anubus (Sphinx), 244.
— (Xylophanes), 244.
Anypoptua, 120.
aper (Euryglottis), 200.
apicalis (Likoma), 211.
— (Tyrictaca), 114.
apiformis (Aegeria), 81.
— (Trochilium), 81.
Aplonis, 135, 136.
aporodes (Hippotion), 248.
approximans (Athetis), 356.
arabicus (Anthua), 168.
Arbelodes, 264.
Arenostola, 257.
arfakianus (Ailuroedus), 127.
argentauris (Stigmatops), 176.
argentifrons (Tirista), 100.
ariarathes (Papilio), 295, 316.
aridella (Tephria), 356.
armatipes (Protoparce), 199.
annatus (Cephonodes), 222.
arrecta (Melittia), 88.
arthuri (Sphinx), 200.
Artona, 273, 274.
anienaia (Jleliphaga), 176.
— (PtUotia), 176.
asamaenais (Sphecia), 81.
Ascliiatophleps, 47, 48, 52.
asellua, (Hyloicua), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
aaiatica (Melittia), 88.
asitipennis (Fatua), 100.
astaroth (Lenyra), 96.
— (Trochilium), 96.
aatarte (Mellitia), 94.
— (Trochilium), 94.
Astrapia, 129.
aatrapioides (Epimachus), 129.
— (Falcinellua), 129.
Aatrilda, 142.
atcinaoni (Paranthrene), 102.
— (Pramila), 100.
ater (Manucodia), 128.
— (Melioptes), 175, 358.
aterea (Sphecosesia), 77.
Athetis, 256, 356, 357.
athi (Mirafra), 164.
Athis, 11, 12.
atkinsoni (Pramila), 102.
atra (Manucodia), 128.
— (Melanosphecia), 95, 96.
atrata (Myzomela), 173.
atratua (Falcinellua), 130.
atricapilla (EatrUda), 141.
atymniua (Castnia), 5, 6.
— (Castniomera), 5, 6.
aucupum (Steganura), 146.
augarra (Macrogloaaum), 241.
aurania (Synanthedon), 60.
aurantia (Zenodoxus), 118.
aurantiacus (Metopsilue), 250.
aurantius (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
aureata (Temnora), 231.
aureoflavus (Hyphantomis), 140.
— (Ploceus), 140.
aureomaculata (Nephele), 230.
aureosquamata (Melittia), 95.
— (Pansa), 84. 95.
— (Parasa), 84, 95.
auricoUis (Melanosphecia), 95.
— (Melittia), 95.
— (Paranthrene), 104.
auricoUum (Adixoa), 104.
aurifera (Conopia), 73.
— (Paranthrene), 105.
aurigutta (Hyloicus), 200.
auripeiuiis (Seleucides), 130.
auripes (Conopia), 76.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 76.
— (Synanthedon), 62.
auripicta (Cam aegeria), 71, 119.
auriplena (Aegeria), 71.
— (Conopia), 71.
auriplumia (Melittia), 88.
auripyga (.4dixoana), 119.
auritincta (Conopia), 72.
aurociliata (Melittia), 94.
— (Pansa), 94.
auronitens (Seaia), 77.
aurora (Hippotion), 248.
aurulenta (Calliste), 150.
— (Tangara), 150.
australia (Epistor), 217.
austrosundanus (Cephonodes), 221.
axillaris (Urobrachya), 145.
azrael (Melittia), 95.
baeri (Paroaria), 162.
bainbridgei (Libyoclanis), 211.
balteata (Dolophrosyne). 120, 121.
barringtoni (Geospiza), 153.
barusarum (Suniiculus), 292.
basalis (Euryglottis), 199.
batohiana (Melittia), 87.
BathUda, 142.
bathus (Epistor), 217.
batjanenaia (Myzomela), 174.
Batocnema, 205.
bauri (Geospiza), 152.
baxteri (Polyptychus), 210.
becki (Certhidea), 172.
beUordi (Melirrhophetes), 175.
belinda (Macroglossa), 238.
bellieri (ProcrisK 356.
362
belnmuB (Papilio), 295, 306.
belus (Papilio), 295, 306.
Bembecia, 47, 106, 112.
bengalus (Uraeginthus), 140, 141.
benguellensis (Estrilda), 148.
bergi (Protoparce), 199.
berlandi (Pseudomelittia), 100.
berlepschi (Dacnis), 151.
berthelotii (Authus), 168.
bethia (Diludia), 194.
— (Leucomonia), 194.
Bhringa, 42, 43.
bibia (Teleospheoia), 51.
bibiicus (Passer), 158.
bioincta (Aegeria), 102.
— (Paranthrene), 102.
bicolor(Clani3), 211.
— (Eutheia), 154.
— (Libyoolanis), 211.
— (Sura), 99.
— (Trichocerota), 117.
— (Zenodoxus), 117.
bifasciata (Certhidea), 171.
biUneata (BryophUa), 356.
bima (Oxyambulyx), 205.
binaria (Drepaiia), 356.
bindloei (Camarhynchus), 153.
bingbami (Melittia), 88.
bipuncta (Metarbela), 265.
bishopi (Acrulocercus), 177.
— (Moho), 177.
bisinuata (Arbelodes), 264.
blasii (Munia), 143.
boanja (MotacUla), 167.
boavistae (Alaemon), 163.
bolmdorffi (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
boisduvaU (Angonyx), 229.
Boisduvalia, 25, 30, 32, 33.
boisduvalii (Athis), 12.
— (Castnia), 12.
boliviensis (Castnia), 2.
— (Cyparissia), 2.
bombifonnis (Dasysphecia), 79.
— (Sphecia), 79.
Bombotelia, 259.
bombyformis (Deamopoda), 84, 87.
— (Melittia), 87.
bombylifonnis (Melittia), 84, 88.
— (Sphinx), 88.
bonariensis (Molothrus), 137.
Bonia, 119.
bomeensis (Chlorura), 142.
bouleti (Melittia), 87.
bouvieri (Melanosphecia), 95.
brachycera (Cosmotriche), 202.
— (Hopliocnema), 202.
brachyptera (Spheuoaesia), 77.
brachythyra (Trichocerota), 118.
brachyurus (Sumiculus), 293.
bracteatus (Dicrurus), 131, 132, 133.
brandti (Montifringilla), 158.
braailiensis (Protoparce), 197.
brevicauda (Paradigalla), 128.
brevicomis (Melittia), 86.
brevipennis (Acridotherea), 136.
— (Philemon), 177.
breviroatris (Chibia), 45.
— (Oryzoborus), 154.
brevis (Coelonia), 193.
brillians (Chamanthedon), 65.
britannicus (Acanthis), 156.
broderipi (Oriolus), 134.
brunnea (Chaerocampa), 249.
— (Diodosida), 232.
brunnea (Temnora), 232.
— (Theretra), 249.
brunneiceps (Lagonosticta), 147.
Bryophila, 356, 357.
buccoides (Ailuroedus), 127.
Buchanga, 130-1.
buchholzi (Poliana), 203.
bucolica (Mirafra), 165.
burmana (Campylotes), 281.
— (Melittia), 88.
burmanica (Macroglossa), 236.
buruenais (Dicrurus), 133.
— (Panacra), 249.
busiris (Panacra), 227.
Buthraupis, 150.
butleri (Hyaedalia), 236.
— (Panacra), 250.
— (Pyrrhulauda), 167.
butti (Hoplistopus), 194.
Cabirus, 24, 30, 32.
cacica (Amauta), 3.
— (Castnia), 3.
caerulea (Cj'anerpes), 151.
caeruleimicans (Paranthrene), 104.
Caffricola, 280.
caicus (Gramniodia), 225.
— (Sphinx), 225.
caieta (Aegeria), 71.
cajus (Theretra), 249.
calamia (Aegeria), 72.
ealandra (Melanocorypha), 163.
CalandreUa, 163, 164.
calapagensis (Protoparce), 198.
Calasesia, 47, 48, 51.
calcareus (Polyptychus), 209.
calida (Celerio), 247.
caligineus (Hyloicus), 202.
— (Sphinx), 202.
Callambulyx, 213, 214.
363
CaUioma, 215, 216, 242.
calliomenae (Hemeroplanes), 216.
— (Philampilus), 216.
calliptera (Aegerosphecia), 79, 80.
CaUisphecia, 47, 50, 83.
CaUiste, 150, 151.
callosoma (Megalosphecia), 78.
— (Melittia), 92.
Callosphingia, 203.
callusia (Deilephila), 225.
Callyna, 257.
Calomis, 136.
Camaegeria, 71, 119.
Camarh3'nchus, 153.
cambodialis (Paranthrene), 108.
— (Sannina), 108.
camertus (Sphinx), 223.
Campylotes, 281.
canadensis (Pitylus), 155.
eanarensis (Paranthrene), 103.
canariensis (Calandrella), 163.
— (Corvus), 125.
— (Motacilla), 167.
candescens (Monopetalotaxis), 58,
canicapilla (Nigrita), 144.
canicepa (Munia), 143.
cannabina (Acanthis), 157.
— (Carduelis), 157.
cantans (Telespiza), 169.
captus (Anthus), 168.
carbonaria (Chibia), 132.
Cardinalis, 155.
cardinalis (Myzomela), 172.
CardueUs, 156, 157.
carduelis (Acanthis), 156.
— (Carduelis), 156.
caribaeus (Cotumiculus), 162.
carilla (Castnia), 26.
— (Gazera), 26.
carinata (Aleuron), 216.
— (Enyo), 216.
carolae (Parotia), 128.
caroli (Galerida), 166.
carteri (Lophostethus), 213.
— (Protambuly.^), 204.
carulifera (Paranthrene), 108.
carycina (Oxyambulyx), 191, 205.
caryocatactes (Nueifraga), 125.
castanea (Aeosmeryx), 226.
castaneum (Macroglossum), 236.
Castnia, 1-27, 34.
Castniomera, 5-7.
castor (Pergesa), 250.
— (Rhagastis), 250.
Catamecia, 356.
catbarina (Castnia), 20.
— (Imara), 20.
Catoblemma, 258.
catori (Theretra), 251.
caudata (Alcathoe), 51.
cavifer (Epistor), 217.
Cechenena, 251.
celata (Chaerocampa), 248.
— (Theretra), 248.
eelebensis (Compsogene), 205.
— (Marumba), 212.
— (Oriolus), 134.
— (Oxyambulyx), 191, 192, 206.
celebica (Melittia), 88.
— (Paranthrene), 109.
Celerio, 247.
centralis (Hemithraupis), 149.
— (Nemosia), 149.
Cephonodes, 220, 221, 222.
Ceratocorema, 115.
cerceris (Vespanthedon), 77.
Ceretes, 14, 31.
Ceridia, 212.
Certhidea, 171, 172.
Certhilauda, 163.
cerulipes (Conopia), 75.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 75.
Chaerocampa, 223, 246, 248-51.
Chaerocina, 247.
chalciformis (Sesia). 88.
chalciphora (Monopetalotaxis), 59.
chalciptera (Triclochana), 83.
chalcobasis (Phacusa), 272.
chalcoehlora (Paranthrene), 101.
chalconota (Melittia), 90.
— (Saliunca), 278.
Chalconycles, 275, 276.
chalybea (Aegeria), 73.
— (Conopia), 73.
— (Episannina), 55.
— (Sura), 99.
chalybescens (Melittia), 92.
chalybeus (Lamprocolius), 134.
ehalypsa (Chamanthedon), 67.
Chamaesphecia, 47, 49, 68, 69.
Chamanthedon, 47, 48, 64, 68.
chantanayi (Pseudalcathoe), 51.
charlesi (Paranthrene), 107.
chatbamensis (Anthus), 168.
chazaliei (Loxigilla), 156.
— (Pyrrhulagra), 156.
chelone (Sj-mpalamides), 16.
cherriei (Cyanerpes), 151.
chersis (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
Chevreuxia, 179.
Chibia, 44, 45, 132.
chimaera (Daphnis), 251.
chinense (Sciapteron), 102.
chinensis (Paranthrene), 102.
— (Polyptychua), 208.
364
chiriquensis (Castnia), 22.
— (Cyanostola), 22.
chiron (Xylophanes), 246.
Chlaenogramma, 199.
chloauges (Chalconycles), 276.
Chloris, 154.
Chlorodrepania, 171.
chloropterus (Lamprooolius), 134.
chlorotiea (Saliunca), 280.
Chlorura, 142.
Chlumetia, 260.
chmer (Melittia), 93.
choerilu3 (Sphinx), 242.
Choerocampa, 242, 244, 246.
Chromis, 225.
chrysidiformis (Pyropteron), 51.
chrysobapta (Melittia), 86.
chrysoohloris (Paranthrene), 105.
— (Trilochana), 105.
chryaogaster (.Melittia), 87.
chrysonotus (Rhamphocelua), 150.
Chrysopa, 287,288.
chrysopasta (Chamanthedon), 65.
chrysophanea (Conopia), 71.
— (Sesia), 71.
chrysoptera (Aegeria), 82.
chryaopterus (Rhamphocelua), 150.
chrysotia (Ptilotia), 177.
cia (Emberiza), 162.
Cibdelo3e3, 121, 122.
Cicinnurua, 128.
Cicinoaoelia, 78.
cimbioiformia (Haemorrhagia), 220.
— (Seaia), 220.
cinctura (.immomanea), 166.
oinctua (Aliateranua), 142.
Cinderella (Eatrilda), 141.
cineraceua (Dicrurus), 130.
cinerascens (Caatnia), 17.
— (Certhidea), 171.
— (Ypanema), 17.
cinerea (Calandrella), 163.
— (Chlaenogramma), 199.
— (Tephrocorys), 163.
cinereovinacea (Eatrilda), 141.
cinnamomeogrisea (Hadula), 356.
cinnamomina (Calamecia), 356.
— (Galerida), 166.
cinnamominua (Ploceua), 140.
Cintameva, 288.
circa (Calloaphingia), 203.
— (Dovania), 203.
oirtenaia (Coloeua), 127.
Ciaaa, 124.
ciasi (Philampelua), 224.
— (Pholua), 224.
citrinelloides (Carduelia), 156.
— (Spinua), 156.
Cizara, 229.
Clania, 206, 207, 210.
clareacena (Aegintha), 142.
— (Bathilda). 142.
olarionenaia (C'orvua), 126.
clarki (Protoparce), 197.
clavicomis (Aegeria), 77.
— (Conopia), 77.
clavipea (Seaia), 220.
Clelea, 275.
clementai (Pterogon), 234.
olitarcha (Acilia), 19.
— (Castnia), 19.
cloeccneria (Caffricola), 280.
clotho (Theretra), 248.
cluentius (Cocytius), 203.
— (Sphinx), 203.
coccinea (Calaaeaia), 51.
— (Loxops), 170, 171.
coccineifrona (Cicinnurua), 128.
cochrua (Castnia), 20.
— (Prometheus), 20.
cocytioides (Meganoton), 193.
Cocytiua, 195, 203.
coeleba (Fringilla), 155, 156.
Coelonia, 193.
Coereba. 152.
coeruleonitens (Sphecia), 99.
Coliuspasser, 145.
coUaris (Sataspes), 222.
Coloeus, 127.
Columbiana (Boiaduvalia), 25.
— (Castnia), 25.
— (Sicalis). 160.
columbica (Stenosphccia), 71.
commatum (Hippotion), 248.
comorana (Batocnema), 205.
— (Maassenia), 229.
— (Pseudoclanis). 207.
— (Temnora), 232.
compressirostris (Camarhynohus), 153.
Compsogene, 205.
concavifascia (Conopia), 75.
— ■ (Synanthedon), 75.
concolor (Epunda), 356.
conformis (Erinnyia), 215.
confu.sa (Rhagastis), 250.
congoana (Melittia), 90.
congruena (Melittia), 87.
conimacula (Nephele), 229.
coniroatris (Geospiza), 152.
conjuncta (Neuroaymploca), 271.
connectena (Corvus), 126.
Conopia, 47, .50, 71-7.
Conopsia, 119.
Conopyga, 119.
conaimilis (Kentrochrysalis), 202.
— (Polyptychua), 209.
365
conspicua (Castnia), 2.
— (Celerio), 247.
— (Cyparissias), 2.
constricta (Tinthia), 116.
— (Trichocerota), 116.
contaminata (Glossosphecia), 83.
— (Sphecia), 83.
contiaentalis (Xylophanes), 243.
continentis (Nephele), 230.
continua {Nyceryx), 218.
contracta (Anthrenoptera), 112.
— (Bembecia). 112.
— (Sphecia), 112.
contraria (Polyptychus), 210.
coquereli (Batocnema), 205.
cora.x (Corvus), 125, 126.
comingii (Castnia), 22.
— (Haemonides), 22.
Comipalpus, 222.
Corvus, 125-7.
Corybantes, 4, 5, 28.
coryndoni (Polyptychus), 209.
corythus (Macroglossum), 240.
cosmius (Xylophanes), 245.
Cosmocephalus, 186-8.
Cosmotriche, 202.
cossoides (Sphinx), 200.
costistrigata (Metarbela), 266.
Cotumiculus, 162.
crabroniformis (Sphecia), 80.
crantor (Sphinx), 224.
crassirostris (Malimbus), 140.
crassus (Papilio), 295, 308.
cratera (Nyceryx), 218.
crathis (Acherontia), 193.
Craya, 11.
cremoma (Metarbela), 265.
crenata (Likoma), 211.
Creoleon, 286.
Crinipus, 47, 49, 53, 54.
cristata (Galerida), 37, 165, 166.
— (Oligophlebia), 52.
cristatella (Acridotheres), 136.
cristatellus (Aethiopsar), 136.
oristatus (Tachyphonus), 149.
critheis (Chamanthedon), 68.
crocata (Hyphantornis), 138.
crocatus (Hyphanturgus), 138.
— (Ploceus), 138.
eronida (Castnia), 22.
— (Haemonides), 22.
cronis (Castnia), 22.
— (Haemonides), 22.
crossi (Theretra), 248.
cruentata (Heterospheoia), 53.
Cryptomima, 47, 51, 100.
crystallina (Parasesia), 51.
cubauus (AmplypteniB), 204.
cubanus (Xylophanes), 246.
cuoullatus (Hyphantornis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
culuana (Melittia), 89.
cuprealis (Soronia), 115, 116.
— (Tinthia), 116.
cupreifascia (Synanthedon), 61.
cupreipennis (Aegeria), 118.
— (Trichocerota), 118.
cupreitincta (Saliunca), 279.
cupreivitta (Paranthrene), 105.
— (Soiapteron), 105.
cuprescens (Paranthrene), 106.
curtula (Temnora), 232.
curvirostra (Loxia), 160.
cyanea (Aegerosphecia), 80.
— (Saliunca), 276.
— (Sura), 99.
Cyanerpes, 151.
cyanescens (Couopia), 76.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 76.
cyaniris (Lophoceps), 70.
Cyanocompsa, 154.
cyanopasta (Chamaesphecia), 69.
cyanopis (Paranthrene), 105.
— (Saliunca), 278.
Cyanostola, 21,22.
cyanothorax (Saliimca), 277.
cyanotis (Entomyza), 177.
cycna (Castnia), 26.
— (Gazera), 26.
Cymbalophora, 356.
Cypa, 213.
Cyparissias, 1,2,
Cypsnagra, 149.
cyrene (Choerocampa), 244.
— (Hylophanes), 244.
Dacnis, 151.
daguana (Castnia), 26.
— (Gazera), 26.
dalica (Protoparce), 198.
dalmannii (Castnia), 11.
— (Craya), 11.
danum (Sphinx), 223.
Daphnis, 225, 226, 241, 242, 251.
Darapsa, 232, 241-3.
dariensis (Amplypterus), 205.
darwini (Geospiza), 152.
Dasysphecia, 47, 50, 79.
daucus (Sphinx), 247.
davidi (Paranthrene), 106.
debUis (Passer), 159.
decolor (Cypa), 213.
decussata (Castnia), 17, 18.
— (Ypanema), 17, 18.
dedalus (Castnia), 1, 2,
366
dedalus (Cyparissias), 1 , 2.
Degmaptera, 213.
DeUephUa, 225, 226, 241, 242, 247.
dejecta (Chibia), 132.
dejectus (Dicrunis), 132.
deltae (Galerida), 105.
demolini (Lophostethus), 213.
Dendrocitta, 124.
deningeri (Stigmatops), 176.
densoi (Nephele), 230.
— (Zonilia), 230.
densus (Dicrurus), 132.
deppei (Psittirostra), 170.
deserti (Ammomanea), 167.
Desmopoda, 84, 87.
dexippus (Hippotion), 248.
diabolica (Nigrita), 144.
diamesa (Arenostola), 257.
Diatropura, 146.
Dicaeum, 358.
diceros (Papilio), 295, 302.
dichroipus (Melittia), 90.
dieruroides (Sumiculus), 293.
Dicruropsis, 131, 132.
Dicrurus, 130-3.
did.v'ma (Nephele), 229.
diffissa (Protoparce), 196.
difformis (Alonina), 78.
diffusa (Leucorhampha), 215.
diffusus (Polyptychus), 210.
digitata (Artona), 273.
Diglossa, 152.
dilucida (Protoparce), 195.
Diludia, 194.
Dinia, 254.
Diodosida, 232.
dionaea (C'astnia), IG.
— (Sympalamides), 16.
Dipsosphecia, 47, 49, 63.
discalis (Antitype), 356.
discifera (Nephele), 230.
Dispharynx, 181.
Dissemurus, 130.
dissiniilis (Phyllosphingia), 214.
distincta (Melittia), 87.
distinctum (Jleganoton), 194.
diva (C'astnia), 21,22.
— (Cyanostola), 21, 22.
diyllus (Hippotion), 248.
— (Pergesa), 248.
dizona (Trichocerota), 117.
doddi (Melittia), 88.
dognini (Euryglottis), 199.
dohertyi (Ambulyx), 206.
— (Chaerocina), 247.
— (Daphnis), 225.
— (DeUephUa), 225.
— IDicrurus), 132.
dohertyi (Ichnemnenoptera), 105.
— (Macroglossum), 238.
— (Melanosphecia), 96.
— (Mirafra), 164.
— (Nigrita), 144.
— (Oxyambulyx), 206.
— (Panacra), 227.
— (Paranthrene), 105.
Dolbina, 202.
dolei (Palmeria), 171.
doleriformis (Monopetalotaxis), 58.
dolichoides (Ampelophaga), 242.
— (PhUampelus), 242.
dolicholoba (SemioptUa), 268.
doUchoptera (Pintia), 280.
dolius (Xylophanes), 246.
dollmani (Paramelisa), 253.
Dolophrosyne, 120, 121.
dolopia (Corybantes), 28.
dolopis (Cibdeloses), 121, 122.
domestica (Passer), 158.
domesticus (Passer), 159.
domingonis (Dupo), 223.
donckieri (Sesia), 77.
donysa (Amblypterus), 205.
Doratopteryx, 268.
dorsatifoncis (Jlelittia), 87.
Dovania, 194, 203.
dracones (Polyptychus), 208.
Drepana, 356.
drownei (Certhidea), 172.
drucei (Callioma), 242.
— (Castnia), 7.
— (Castniomera), 7.
— (Pachygonia), 217.
— (Pholus), 224.
dubia (Geospiza), 152.
— (Notolophus), 356.
dubiosus (Coliuspasser), 145.
duivenbodei (Parotia), 128.
dunstaUi (Pvhamphocoelus), 149.
Dupo, 223.
duponchel (Amphonyx), 195.
— (Cocytius), 195.
dybousei (Paranthrene), 104.
dybowskii (Albuua), 104.
Dyspessa, 356.
ecbolius (PapUio), 295, 305.
echemon (PapUio), 295, 306.
Echidgnathia, 47, 50, 97.
Echinmia, 179, 180, 189.
eotothyris (Melittia), 94.
ecuadorensis (Castnia), 6.
— (Castniomera), 6.
edentata (Leucophlebia), 207.
editba (Parauthrenopsis), 118,
367
editha (Tinthia), 119.
— (Zenodus), 119.
eichhomi (Macroglossum), 240.
— (Myzomela), 173.
elaea (Melittia), 89.
elara (Choerocampa), 246.
elara (Xylophanes), 246.
elegans (Dolbina), 202.
— (Temnora), 233.
elegantissima (Euphonia), 151.
elegantulus (Panacra), 228.
— (Thyreus), 228.
Elina, 13, 14, 30.
ellacombei (Callioma), 216.
Ellenbeckia, 194.
ellenbergii (Episannina), 99.
ellenbergi (Sura), 99.
ellioti (Pseudaatrapia), 129.
elougata (RusgunieUa), 185.
elymais (Chamaiithedon), 64.
Emberiza, 161, 162.
Emberizoides, 162.
emiliae (Calliste), 151.
emiui (Othyphantes), 138.
— (Plooeua), 138.
— (Pytelia), 143.
— (Sycobrotus), 138.
empiformis (Chamaespheoia), 68.
endelechia (Castnia), 13.
— (Elina), 13.
endocyanea (lUiberis), 273.
endopyra (Homogyna), 111.
— (Tinthia), 111.
endoxantha (Melittia), 85.
Engyophlebus, 268.
Enicospila, 23.
Enpinanga, 229.
Entomyza, 177.
Enyo, 216, 222, 232, 241.
Eophona, 154.
Epimachus, 129.
Episannina, 47, 49, 50, 55, 56, 99.
Epistor, 216, 217, 223.
Epunda, 356.
eques (Myzomela), 173.
Eremopteryx, 167.
erikssoni (Certhilauda), 163.
Erinnyis, 214, 215.
erlangeri (Galerida), 166.
— (Odontosida), 234.
— (Polyptychus), 210, 234.
— (Tephrocorys), 163.
emesti (Eublemma), 357.
errans (Macroglossum), 238.
erratricula (Miana), 356.
erythreae (Lagonosticta), 147.
Erythrocastnia, 9, 33.
erythromraa (Synanthedon), 60.
Erythrospiza, 158.
Erythrothlypis, 148.
Erythrura, 142.
esmeralda (Saliunca), 279.
Estrilda, 141, 142, 148.
ethiopica (Bombotelia), 259.
ethiopica (Chamaespheoia), 68.
Eublemma, 356, 357.
Eublepharis, 84, 94.
eudesmia (Castnia), 14.
— (Elina), 14.
Euetheia, 154.
Eubagena, 47, 49, 64.
Eumallopoda, 84, S8.
eumeniformis (Sincara), 51.
Eupalamides, 4.
Euphonia, 151.
euphorbiae (Celerio), 247.
euphrosyne (Castnia), 11.
— (Xanthocastnia), 11.
euprepia (Chrysopa), 287.
Eupyrrhoglossum, 219.
euroa (Clanis), 207.
— (Cypa), 213.
euryalus (Protambulyx), 203.
eurycles (Ambulyx), 204.
Euryglottis, 199, 200.
euryphaea (Staphylinochrous), 270.
Euryphrissa, 47, 49, 51.
Eurypteryx, 235.
eurysthenes (Amblypterus), 204.
— (Ambulyx), 204.
eurytion (Melittia), 91, 92.
Euxoa, 254.
evalthe (Castnia), 10, 11.
— (Xanthocastnia), 10, 11.
evalthoides (Castnia), 10.
— (Xanthocastnia), 10.
evalthonida (Castnia), 10.
— (Zanthocastnia), 10.
everetti (Rhagastis), 251.
excellens (Angonyx), 228.
— (Panacra), 228.
excelsa (Alphitonia), 71.
— (Zygaena), 356.
eximia (Nyceryx), 218.
exitiosa (Sanninoidea), 71.
exochiformis (Synanthedon), 62.
fabricii (Athis), 12.
fabricii (Castnia), 12.
falcatus (Polyptychus), 209.
FalcineUus, 129, 130.
faroulti (Procus), 356.
fasciata (Aegerosphecia), 80.
— (Amandina), 148.
— (Melittia), 80.
368
fasciata (Morter), 283.
faaciatus (Herse), 193.
— (Sphinx), 193.
fatigata (Geospiza), 153.
Fatua, 100.
fedschenkoi (Lopeni8), 283.
fegeus (Sphinx), 223.
felderi (Anaudia), 112.
fenestrata (Tephrostola), 32.
ferale (Sciapteron), 106.
feralis (Paranthrene), 106.
ferax (Poliana), 194.
fergussonis (MelUestes), 175.
— (Toxorhynchus), 175.
femiginea (Osminia), 71.
festiva (Tipulamima), 57.
finachi (Oriolus), 133.
fixseni (Sphecia), 112.
flammans (Paranthrene), 101, 110.
— (Sciapteron), 101.
flammipea (Tipulamima), 56.
flava (Aegeria), 72.
— (Conopia), 72.
— (Motacilla), 167.
flavacastanea (Leptaegeria), 71.
flavibasis (Metanycles), 274.
flavicaudata (Aegeria), 75.
— (Conopia), 75.
flaviceps (Rhodacanthis), 169.
flaviciliata (Artona), 273.
fiavicincta (Conopia), 72.
— (Episannina), 55.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 72.
— (Zenodoxus), 119.
flavicollis (G.vmnoris), 158.
— (Hemitliraupis), 149.
— (Nemosia), 149.
— (Sphecia), 80.
— (Sphecodoptera), 80.
flavicorvis (Megistopus), 286.
flavida (StaphyHnochrous), 270.
flavifrons (Amblyornis), 127.
— (Chrysopa), 287.
— (Paranthrene), 103.
— (Tipulamima), .57.
flavipalpis (Synanthedon), 62.
flavipalpus (Conopia), 72.
— • (Ichneumenoptera), 72.
flavipectus (Conopia), 76.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 76.
fiavipes (Chamanthedon), 65.
flarirena (Athetis), 357.
flavirostris (Acanthis), 157.
— (Carduelis), 157.
flavissima (Telespiza), 169.
flavissimus (Ploceus), 145.
flariventer (Xanthotis), 177.
flaviventris (Melilestes), 175.
flaviTentris (Melittia), 92.
— (Toxorhynchus), 175.
flavocinctus (Oriolus), 134.
floridense (Macroglossum), 238.
fo (Pseudodolbina), 200.
— (ZonUia), 200.
foersteri (Melirrhophetes), 175.
fonscolombei (Athis), 11.
— (Castnia), 11.
formosa (Cintameva), 288.
formosae (Dendrocitta), 124.
formosana (Melittia), 93.
formosanus (Aethiopsar), 136.
forresti (Meliphaga), 177.
— (PtUotis), 177.
fosteri (Protoparce), 198.
— (Xylophanes), 245.
Foudia, 137.
fraithii (Himatione), 171.
franciscana (Pyromelana), 144.
frater (Ploceus), 138.
{rater (Sitagra), 138.
friedrichseni (Pyromelaena), 145.
Fringilla, 155, 156.
fritzei (Macroglossum), 239.
frontalis (Eremopteryx), 167.
— (Pitylus), 155.
— (Pyrrhulauda), 167.
frugilegus (Corvus), 127.
fruhstorferi (Macroglossum), 236.
fulgidus (Onychognathus), 135.
fulgurans (Polyptychus), 210.
fuliginosa (Geospiza), 152.
fulviceps (Saliunca), 276.
fulvicrissa (Euphonia), 151.
fulvipes (Chamanthedon), 67.
fulvipyga (Castnia), 18.
— (Ypanema), 18.
fulvistriga (Trichocerota), 117.
fulvithorax (Tasema), 274.
fulviventris (Aegerosphecia), 80.
funebris (Melanosphecia), 95.
— (Melittia), 95.
— (Nephele), 229, 230.
funerea (Hypochaera), 143.
fuscata (Temnora), 233.
fuscatus (Enyo), 216.
— (Pholus), 224.
fuscicauda (Macroglossum), 240.
fusimacula (Pergesa), 243.
— (Hylophanes), 243.
futilis (Castnia), 6.
— • (Castniomera), 6.
gabunensis (Pyrenestes), 144.
gabuna (Conopia), 75.
— (Seaia), 75.
369
Gaea, 47, 49, 63.
Galerida, 36, 165, 166.
galinthias (Castnia), 20.
— (Spilopastes), 20.
gallarum (Mirafra), 164.
gannascus (Amplypterus), 204.
garbei (Castnia), 21.
— (Prometheus), 21, 32.
Garrulus, 123, 124.
Gazera, 25, 26.
Gazzola, 125.
geminus (Hyloicus), 200.
— (Sphinx), 200.
genei (Chrysopa), 288.
Geospiza, 152, 153.
Giaura, 261.
giflfardi (Heliocorys), 165.
gigantea (Clanis), 206.
— (Melittia), 90.
gigantipes (Megalosphecia), 78, 79.
githaginea (Erythrospiza), 158.
glandarius (Garrulus), 123, 124.
gloriosa (Daphnis), 226.
— (Sphecia), 80.
Glossecia, 47, 113.
Glossosphecia, 47, 50, 83.
godarti (Castnia), 17.
— (Ypanema), 17.
goliathi (Melioptes), 175.
goniaphora (Catoblemma), 258,
Goniocalpe, 262.
Goodfellowia, 136.
goodsoni (Calliste), 150.
— (Tanagra), 150.
gordius (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
gorgon (Epistor), 223.
— (Sphinx), 223.
govara (Castnia), 5.
— (Corybantes), 5.
gracilis (Conopia), 75.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 75.
— (Paranthrene), 109.
— (Sciapteron), 109.
gracillima (Ceretes), 31.
Gracupica, 136.
gramivora (Castnia), 23.
— (.Jephrostola), 23.
— (Tephrostola), 23.
Grammodia, 225.
Grammoscelis, 356.
Granatellua, 172.
grandidieri (Paeudoclanis), 207.
— (Tipulamima), 56.
grandis (Castnia), 2.
— (Cyparissias), 2.
— (Melittia), 89.
grsnti (Stumus), 136.
graueri (Estrilda), 141.
— (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Lagonosticta), 141.
— (Ploceus), 139.
— (Poliospiza), 159.
— (Serinus), 159.
gravis (Paradoxecia), 114.
grisea (Perigonia), 219.
griseirostris (Melirrhophetes), 175.
griseola (Hadula), 356.
— (Hippotion), 247.
— (Panacra), 247.
grisescens (Callioma), 215.
— (Hemeroplanes). 215.
— (Myzomela), 173.
grotei (Paranthrene), 104.
— (Pseudosesia), 104.
Grypopalpia, 47, 48, 52, 53.
guianensis (Xylophanes), 244.
guillemardi (Dicruropsis), 132.
— (Dicrurus), 132.
guineabia (Aegeria). 77.
Guiraca, 154.
gusti (Aplonis), 135.
guttiventris (Euryglottis), 200.
gymnops (Melioptes), 175.
Gymnoris, 158.
gyrans (Macroglossa), 236.
— (Macroglossum), 236.
habeli (Camarh_vnchus), 153.
Hadula, 356.
haematina (Spermospiza), 137.
haematochrodes (Heterosphecia), 53.
Haemonides, 22.
Haemorrhagia, 220.
haemtopis (Melittia), 84.
hagar (Antitype), 356.
hahneli (Castnia), 26.
— (Gazera), 26.
hainanus (Corvus), 127.
haliotipennis (Sophona), 51.
hamiltoni (Panacra), 228.
hampsoni (Cryptomima), 100.
— (Melittia), 89.
hannibal (Protoparoe), 225.
— (Sphmx), 225.
hararensis (Anthus), 169.
harmandi (Paranthrenopsis), 119,
harterti (Entomyza), 177.
— (Galerida), 166.
— (Geospiza), 153.
— (Hypargos), 146.
— (Mesonemurus), 284.
— (Mirafra), 164.
— (Phlegethontius), 198.
— (Protoparoe), 198.
370
hartlaubi (Penthetria), 145.
haugi (Tipulamima), 57.
hawaiieusis (Celerio), 247.
hector (Aegeria), 75.
— (Conopia), 75.
begemon (Athis), 11.
— (Castnia), 11.
Heliocorys, 165.
heliodes (Chromis), 225.
hellmayri (Anthus), 168.
helops (Cechenena), 251.
Hemeroplanes. 215, 216.
Hemignathus, 170.
Hemithraupis, 148, 149.
henrici (Paranthrene), 109.
Herrichia, 22.
Herse, 193.
hesperus (Polyptychus), 210.
heterogyna (Lepidopoda), 54.
heteromorpha (Goniocalpe), 262.
Hetserosphecia, 47, 48, 53.
Heterrorhynchus, 170.
heuglini (Ceridia), 212.
— (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
— (Smerinthus), 212.
heydeni (Maassenia), 229.
hibemicus (Garrulus), 123.
Hiccoda, 258.
hilariformis (Chamanthedon), 66.
hilgerti (Galerida), 166.
Himatione, 171.
Hippotion, 247, 248.
hinindinacea (Cypsnagra), 149.
binindo (Macroglossa), 238.
— (Macroglossum), 238.
hispaniolensis (Passer), 159.
hispanus (Corrus), 125.
hoUandi (Polyptychus), 210.
holosoota (Nola), 254.
holotherma (Staphylinochrous), 270.
holoxanthus (Ploceus), 140.
hombergi (Rodolphia), 70.
Homogyna, 47, 110-12.
Hopliocnema, 202.
Hoplistopus, 194.
hottentotta (Chibia), 44, 45.
hottentottus (Dicrurus), 132.
houlberti (Castnia), 21.
— (Melittia), 95.
— (Prometheus), 21.
howqua (Aegeria), 75.
— (Conopia), 75.
hiibner (Castnia), 16.
— (Ypanema), 16.
humboldti (Castnia), 6.
— (Castniomera), 6.
humerosa (Melittia), 90.
Hyaedalia, 236.
hyalina (Neurosymploca), 271.
hyaloptera (Hj'pomelittia), 96.
hyloicoides (Meganoton), 193.
Hyloicus, 200-202.
Hymenosphecia, 47, 48, 77.
Hypanthedon, 47, 49, 62.
Hypargos, 14(1.
hypermetra (Mirafra), 164.
hyperythra (Chlorura), 142.
Hyphantomis, 138^40.
Hyphanturgus, 138.
Hypochaera, 143.
hypochalcia (Synanthedon), 60.
hypochondriacus (Emberizoides), 162.
hypochroma (Chamanthedon), 64, 65.
Hypomelittia, 47, 50, 96.
Hypoperigea, 256.
hypophcea (Mouodes), 257.
Hypoplexia, 255.
hyposticta (Ambulyx), 217.
— (Nyceryx), 217.
hypothous (Deilephila), 226.
hyppason (Papilio), 295, 311.
Hyssia, 255.
hystrix (Chaerocampa), 246.
— (Phanoxyla), 246.
iapygoides (Ocyton), 234.
— (Pterogon), 234.
icaroides (Castnia), 13.
— (Elina), 13.
icarus (Castnia), 13, 14.
— (Elina), 13, 14, 30.
Ichneumenoptera, 71-7, 105.
ichneumoniformis (Dipsosphecia), 6S,
Icterus, 136, 137.
icterus (Icterus), 137.
ignicauda (Conopia), 74.
— (Sura). 99.
— (Trilochana), 99.
ignicolle (Trochilium), 80.
ignicollis (Sphecia), 80.
ignidiscata (Melittia), 85.
ignifera (Conopia), 74.
— (Ichneumenoptera), 74.
igniflua (Glossecia), 113.
— (Sesia), 113.
ignivittata (Homogyna), 110.
ignotus (Seleucides), 130.
iliolophus (Toxorhynchus), 175.
Illiberis, 273.
illustris (Typhosia), 211.
Imara, 20.
immaculatus (Saltator), 155.
imperator (Pachysphinx), 214.
371
impunctata (Erinnyis), 214.
inca (AcUoa), 19.
— (Castnia), 19.
incamata (Theretra), 249.
incerta (Geospiza), 153.
incertus (Camarhynchus), 153.
inconspicua (Macroglossa), 239.
indica (Melittia), 91.
indicus (Oriolus), 134.
— (Passer), 159.
indiatincta (Phlegethontius), 195.
— (Stigmatops), 175.
inexpectatus (Rhamphocoelua), 149.
infortimatus (Ploceus), 137.
innotata (Nephele), 230.
inomatum (Lophuron), 231.
insignis (Ploceus), 138.
— (Scoliomima), 83.
— (Sitagra), 138.
— (Tachyphonus), 149.
— (Theretra), 249.
insulae (Dendrooitta), 124.
insularis (Castnia), 8.
— (Pachylia), 215.
— (Pseudosetia), 100, 104.
intensa (Theretra), 249.
intermedis (Castnia), 11.
— (Chlorura), 142.
— (Petronia), 158.
— (Xanthocastnia), 11.
intermedins (Onychognathus), 135.
interposita (Cyanopica), 124.
— (Myzomela), 173.
intervenata (Trichocerota), 117.
intricatus (Ammodramus), 162.
inusitata (Macroglossa), 239.
— (Macroglossum), 239.
inuus (Hemeroplanes), 216.
invaginatus (Synhimantus), 184.
invaria (Castnia), 14.
— (Elina), 14.
invittata (Dinia), 254.
iphis (Aleuron), 241.
— (Eye), 241.
iridescens (Grypopalpia), 53.
iridisquama (Melittia), 95.
iris (Conopia), 76.
— (Synanthedon), 76.
irregularis (Hippotion), 248.
— (Pergesa), 248.
isabellae (Oriolus), 134.
Isbarta, 280.
isodorus (Papilio), 295-314.
Isognathus, 214.
isolatella (Notolophus), 356.
isozana (Parauthrene), 104.
— (Sesia), 104.
ispidida (Macroglossum), 237.
iatar (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
Jaboribia, 203.
jacobsi (Athetis), 357.
jamaicensis (Perigonia), 219.
janira (Protoparce), 197.
Janthothorax, 130.
janus (Cephonodes), 221.
japix (Enyo), 222.
— (Sphinx), 222.
japona (Melittia), 91.
japonica (Ambulyx), 206.
— (Oxyambulyx), 206.
japonicus (Nucifraga), 125.
javana (Conopia), 76.
— (Melittia), 88.
— (Paranthrene), 108.
javanica (Mirafra), 165.
javanus (Synanthedon), 76.
jeiferyi (Cissa), 124.
jobiensis (Aeluroedus), 127.
— (Paradisea), 129.
johannae (CaUiste), 150.
johni (Dissemurus), 130.
jordoni (Castnia), 13.
— (Elina), 13.
josephina (Notolophus), 356.
juanita (Proserpinus), 236.
— • (Xylophaues), 243.
jucunda (Sciapteron), 109.
jugurtha (Chaeroeampa), 249.
— (Theretra), 249.
jutumia (Castnia) 14.
— (Elina), 14.
juvencus (Mai-umba), 211.
katsumatae (Cissa), 124.
Kentrochrysalis, 202.
khasiana (Ampelophaga), 226.
khmer (Melittia), 93.
kikuyenais (Carduelis), 156.
— (Spiiius), 156.
kiushiuensis (Macroglossa), 239.
kleinschmidti (Anthus), 168.
koenigi (FringiUa), 156.
kuehni (Calomis), 136.
— (Myzomela), 174.
— (Theretra), 249.
kiihni (Dicrurus), 132.
kulluana (Melittia), 89.
kumusii (Munia), 143.
kunzei (Paohysphinx), 214.
laboissierei (Melittia), 88.
labuana (Enpinanga), 229.
372
lacteidorsalis (Pyrrhulauda), 167.
Lagonosticta, 141, 146, 147, 148.
laguna (Metarbela), 265.
lambomella (Tinthia), 118.
— (Trichocerota), 118.
LamprocoUus, 134, 135.
lampropoda (Aschistophleps), 52.
lanaiensis (Hemignathus), 170.
lanceolata (Sphinx), 201.
Langla, 213.
laniremis (Eumallopoda), 84, 88.
— (Melittia), 88.
leiotensis (Marumba), 212.
laplantei (Acuaria), 181, 182, 183.
— (Dispharj-nx), 181, 183.
lasicera (Euhagena), 64.
lasiocera (Similipepsis), 114.
lassauxi (Eriniiyis), 214.
lasti (Pterogon), 234.
— (Temnoropais), 234.
laticeps (SjTihimantus), 183.
latifascia (Macroglossmn), 236.
latifulva (Semioptila), 269.
latipennis (Epistor), 216.
— (Lophorina), 128.
lativittata (Castnia), 20.
— (Imara), 20.
lavinia (Tangara), 151.
lecerfi (Paranthrene), 109.
leiaeformis (Aegeria), 118.
— (Trichocerota), 118.
leighi (Temnora), 232.
lemoulti (Myrmecosphecia), 118.
Icntistriata (Melittia), 93.
Lenyra, 47, 50, 96.
leonina (Spermospiza), 137.
leopoldiua (Athis), 12.
— (Castnia), 12.
leopoldinae (Sicalis), 160.
Lepidopoda, 47, 49, 54, 55, 97.
lepidum (Macroglossum), 236.
Leptaegeria, 71.
leptis (Temnora), 234.
Leptoclanis, 207.
leptorrhynchus (Aplonis), 135.
leucocera (Chamanthedon), 66.
— (Paranthrene), 107.
leucogaster (Cephonodes), 221.
■ — (Conopia), 76.
— (Melittia), 90.
leucomelas (Poliana), 194.
Leucomonia, 194.
leucophaea (Praedora), 195.
Leucophlebia, 207, 208.
leucophrys (Anthus), 168, 169.
leucopleura (Chamanthedon), 67.
Leucopsar, 136.
leucoptera (Protoparce), 196.
lcucopu8 (Perigonia), 219.
leucopygius (Serinus), 160.
Leucorhampha, 215.
leucotis (Eremopteryx), 167.
leucozona (Gaea), 63.
leucozonipus (Crinipua), 53, 54
Libyoclanes, 211.
licoidella (Castnia), 8.
licoides (Castnia), 7-9.
licus (Castnia), 7.
liiuense (Meganoton), 194.
— (Psilogramma), 194.
lifuensis (Cephonodes), 222.
— (Hippotion), 247.
— (Macroglossa), 238.
— (Macroglossmn), 238.
— (Panacra), 247.
— (Theretra), 248.
ligustri (Sphinx), 222.
Likoma, 211.
lineata (Celerio), 247.
linoides (Castnia), 26.
— (Gazera), 26.
linus (Cabirus), 24.
— (Castnia), 24.
lixi (Phlegethontius), 193.
lobata (Pseudastrapia), 129.
Loboparadisea, 127.
Loborhamphus, 129.
lombardi (Castnia), 15.
longipes (Alonina), 78.
— (Cieinoscelis), 78.
— (Conopia), 73.
— (Macroscelesia), 84.
— (Sesia), 73.
— (Teinotarsina), 71.
longirostris (Anthus), 169.
Loperus, 283.
Lophoceps, 47, 48, 69, 70.
Lophorina, 128.
Lophostethus, 213.
Lophuron, 231-5.
lordina (Rexa), 289.
lorentzi (Ptiloprora), 176.
louisiadensis (Myzomela), 174.
Loxia, 160.
Loxigilla, 156.
Loxops, 170, 171.
lucetius (Protoparce), 196.
lucianus (Xylophanes), 246.
lucidus (Heterorhynchus), 170.
lucifer (Cocytius), 195.
luctifera (Herse), 193.
— (Macrosila), 193.
lugubris (Epistor), 216, 223.
— (Sphinx), 223.
— (Sumiculus), 292, 293.
luisae (Cephonodes), 221.
373
lunaris (Nyceryx), 217.
lunata (Chaerocampa), 250.
— (Rhagastis), 250.
lunulata (Antinephele), 235.
Luperina, 256.
lusca (Perigonia), 219.
luteatus (Polyptychus), 208.
luteola (Certhidea), 172.
• — (Coereba), 152.
lycidus (PapUio), 295, 307.
Lyoophotia, 356.
lyctus (Sphinx), 223.
lysander (Papilio), 295, 304.
Maassenia, 229.
Macroglossa, 220, 236-40.
Macroglossum, 221, 236-41.
macrorhynchus (Corvus), 126.
Macroscelesia, 47, 50, 84.
Macrosila, 193.
Macrotarsipus, 47, 49, 50, 58.
macrourus (Emberizoides), 162.
maculatum (Lophuron), 232.
maculipes (Zeuodoxus), 118.
maculiventris (Conopia), 70.
— (Synanthedon), 76.
maculosa (Nephele), 229, 230.
madaraszi (Corvus), 126.
— (PtUotis), 177.
— (Xanthotis), 177.
madeirae (Tachyphonus), 149.
madeirensis (Anthus), 168.
Madoryx, 215.
madureae (Melittia), 88.
magna (Nyceryx), 218.
— (Perigonia), 218.
magnifica (Grammoscelis), 356.
maguilicum (Lophuron), 235.
— (Odontosida), 235.
magnificua (Amphonyx), 195.
magnirostris (Eophoua), 154.
mahali (Plocepasser), 144.
major (Libyoclanis), 211.
malaphaea (Hyssia), 255.
malayana (Ampelophaga), 226.
— (Panacra), 227.
— (Marumba), 211.
malensis (Hj'phanturgus), 138.
— (Ploceus), 138.
malgassica (Sthenoprocris), 275.
— (Zonilia), 230.
malimba (Tipulamima), 57.
malimbica (Malimbus), 140.
Malimbus, 140.
maltae (Passer), 159.
mandarina (Sphecia), 80.
Mandingoa, 147.
manilensis (Phacusa), 272.
Manucodia, 128.
manumeten (Dicrunis), 132.
Maracanda, 286.
marangana (Melittia), 87.
marcel-serresi (Castnia), 14.
— (Ceretes), 14.
marcius (Papilio), 295, 301.
marcouna (Zygaena), 356.
marcus (Castnia), 23.
— (EnicoapUa), 23.
marginata (Bembecia), 112.
— (Darapsa), 232.
— (Temnora), 232.
marina (Panacra), 227.
marisa (Hypanthedoii), 62.
marmorata (Poliana), 203.
— (Sphinx), 202.
— (Synoecha), 202.
marshalli (Praedora), 195.
Marumba, 211,212.
massaica (Gymnoris), 158.
mathani (Castnia), 4.
— (Corybantes), 4.
Mauroleo, 286.
maxwelli (Nyceryx), 218.
— (Pachygonia), 218.
meadewaldoi (Acanthis), 157.
— (Carduelis), 157.
mechowi (Urobrachya), 145.
media (Calliste), 150.
— (Xylophanes), 244.
raedionota (Hypoperigea), 256.
mediovitta (Macroglossum), 237.
meeci (Paranthrene), 108.
meeki (Angonyx), 228.
— (Anthreptea), 174.
— (Chromis), 225.
— (Corvus), 125.
— (Dicrurus), 132.
— (Macrogloasum), 241.
— (Melittia), 88.
— (Myzomela), 174.
— (Oedistoma), 174.
— (Oxyambulyx), 206.
— (Parotia), 128.
— (Sciapteron), 108.
meekiana (Ptiloprora), 176.
— (Ptilotis), 176.
Megalosphecia, 47, 48, 78, 79.
Meganoton, 193, 194.
Megistopini, 286.
Megiatopus, 286.
melaena (Sphinx), 201.
melaenella (Pycnoctena), 272.
melanobrephos (Malimbus), 140.
melanocephala (Eremopteryx), 167.
melanocera (Conopia), 71.
374
melanochalcia (Epesatmina), 99.
— (Sura), 99.
Melanocorypha, 163.
melanoleuca (Hoplioonema), 202.
melanolimbata (Boisduvalia), 25.
— (Castnia), 25.
melanomma (Athetis), 256.
melanoneura (Thermochrous), 270.
melanoptera (Gracupica), 136.
Melanopteryx, 140.
Melanosphecia, 47, 50, 95, 96.
melanotia (Ailuroedus), 127.
melanoxanthus (Ploceus), 138.
melanura (Eophona), 154.
melas (Macroglossum), 237.
melessus (Boisduvalia), 25, 30.
— (Castnia), 25.
Melilestes, 175.
Melioptes, 175, 358.
Meliphaga, 176, 177.
Melirrhophetes, 175.
melissoides (Heterosphecia), 53.
Melittia, 47, 50, 84-95, 104, 108.
Melopi,Trha, 154.
Memjiihrus, 100.
menephron (Psilogramma), 194.
menetriesi (Athis),,r2.
— (Castnia), 12.
mentalis (Certhidea), 172.
— (Ploceus), 139.
— (Symplectes), 139.
nieridanus (Xylophanes), 244.
meridionalis (Oriolus), 134.
— (Saliunca), 278.
mesochoriformis (Synanthedon), 61.
Jlesonemurus, 283.
mesosa (Protoparce), 196, 197.
mesothyris (Paranthrene), 107.
metachryseis (Aschistophleps), 52,
metacyanea (Saliunca), 277.
metagenes (PapUio), 295, 316.
metallescens (Conopyga), 119.
metallica (Paranthrene), 110.
— (Sciapteron), 105.
metallicum (Sciapteron), 110.
Metanycles, 274.
Metarbela, 265, 266.
Metasphecia, 47, 50, 82.
metaxantha (Paranthrene), 109.
metazonata (Thyranthrene), 97.
meterythra (Neurosymploea), 271.
methyalina (Micrecia), 113.
Metopoceras, 356.
Metopsilus, 250.
mexicana (Calliste), 150.
mexicanus (Hyloioua), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
Miana, 356.
micarea (Macroglossum), 241.
micha (Cabirus), 24, 30.
— (Castnia), 24.
micholitzi (Panacra), 227.
micra (Poliana), 193.
Micrecia, 47, 113.
Microlophia, 229.
microphaea (Clelea), 275.
Microsphecia, 116.
microsticta (Castnia), 8.
microthyris (Macrotarsipus), 58.
— (Paranthrene), 108.
miotochroa (Hypoplexia), 255.
migrator (Oriolus), 134.
migratoria (Eophona), 154.
mimica (Castnia), 23.
— (Xanthospila), 23.
mimon (Castnia). 14.
— (Sympalamides), 14.
minima (Arbelodes), 264.
minimus (Sumiculus), 292.
minor (Aplonis), 136.
— (Calandrella), 163, 164.
— (Castnia), 26.
— (Cechenena), 251.
— (Chaerocampa), 251.
— (Gazera), 26.
— (Geospiza), 152.
— (Lophorina), 128.
— (Paradisea), 128, 129.
minuta (Paranthrene), 105.
— (Pramila), 105.
Minva, 288.
mira (Ceridia), 212.
mirabilia (Cypa), 213.
— (Degmaptera), 213.
— (Janthothorax), 130.
— (Palmeria), 171.
— (Paradisea), 130.
Mirafra, 164, 165.
miranda (Goodfellowia), 136.
modesta (Episannina), 56.
— (Heliocorys), 165.
— (Pachysphinx), 214.
Moho, 177.
molitor (Isognathus), 214.
Molothrus, 137.
molucca (Eurypteryx), 235.
moluccaenis (Melittia), 89.
moluccensis (Macroglossa), 240.
molybdoceps (Aegeria), 82.
monachus (Oriolus), 134.
monedula (Coloeus), 127.
Monodes, 257.
Monopetalotaxis, 47, 49, 58, 59.
monospila (Ellenbeckia), 194.
monozana (Aegeria), 76.
— (Conopia), 76.
375
montana (Coereba), 152.
— (Passer), 159.
montanellu3 (Carduelis), 157.
monticola (Stigmatops), 176.
Montifringilla, 157, 158.
mentis (Dipsosphecia), 63.
mono (Hyloicus), 202.
— (Sphinx), 202.
moriolum (JIacroglossum), 237.
moroka (Pachycephala), 358.
morosa (Jletopoceras), 356.
morpheus (Sphinx), 229.
Morter, 283.
mortuorum (Cocytius), 195.
mortyana (Myzomela), 173.
mossi (Protoparce), 196.
Motacilla, 167.
multipunctata (Stenagra), 263.
Mmiia, 143.
murinus (Polyptychua), 209.
muscosa (Protoparce), 198.
musschenbrocki (Sumiculus), 293, 294.
mya (Ammomanes), 167.
mydou (Panacra), 228.
mygdon (Castnia), 15, 16.
— (Sympalamides), 15, 16.
Myrmecosphecia, 118.
myrmeleon (Engyophlebus), 268,
Myrmeleouini, 283.
myron (Ampeloeca), 242.
— (Sphinx), 242.
mysolica (Aegerosphecia), 80.
— (Melittia), 80.
myticus (Heterosphecia), 53.
Myzomela, 172-4.
namaqua (Temnora), 231.
Nasca, 26, 27.
natalensis (Melittia), 94.
— (Panacra), 249.
— (PoUana), 194.
— (Theretra), 249.
nawai (Langia), 213.
nebrascae (Euhagena), 64.
neglectum (Aleuron), 216.
neglectus (Hyphantomis), 139,
— (Ploceus), 139.
Nemosia, 148, 149.
Neogene, 200.
neophilus (Papilio), 295, 305.
Neotinthia, 47, 51, 115.
nepeha (MeUttia), 87.
Nephele, 229, 230.
Nesooharis, 143.
neuburgeri (Pholus), 224.
neumanni (LeucopiUebia), 208.
— (Sylvietta), 358.
25
Neuroleini, 285.
Neurosymploca, 270, 271.
neyara (Melittia), 90.
newara (Melittia), 90.
newmauui (Castnia), 6.
— (Castuiomera), 6.
newtoni (Himatione), 171.
— (Oreomystis), 171.
nicholsoni (Anthus), 169.
nicobarica (Phacusa), 272.
nicolli (Calandrella), 164.
nictitans (Nyceryx), 218.
nigeUimi (Macroglossmn), 239.
nigerrima (Munia), 143.
nigra (Melopyrrha), 154.
nigralba (Oligophebia), 51, 52.
nigricans (Galerida), 165.
nigriceps (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
— (Tipulamima), 57.
nigricollis (Hyphanturgiis), 138.
— (Ploceus), 138.
nigricomis (Papilio), 295, 317.
nigrilore (Dicaeum), 358.
uigriplaga (Polyptychus), 210.
Nigrita, 144.
nigrita (Myzomela), 174.
— (Protoparce), 198.
nigritergum (Ptilotis), 176.
nigropuuctata (C'hrysopa), 287.
nigrotecta (Poephila), 142.
nigrotectus (Alisteranus), 142.
nigrovenosus (Anomoeates), 270.
nihonica (Synanthedon), 72.
nipalensis (Pyrrhula), 160, 161.
nisseni (Sphinx), 222.
nitidula (Lagonosticta), 146.
nobilis (Euhagena), 64.
— (Loborhamphus), 129.
noblei (Paranthrene), 109.
— (Sciapteron), 109.
noctis (P}TThulagra), 156.
noctuae (Acuaria), 181.
— (Dispharynx), 181.
Nola, 254.
Nolatypa, 261.
nonnula (Astrilda), 142.
— (Estrilda), 142.
nordmamii (Lamprocolius), 135.
notabilis (Melittia), 90.
Nothochrisinorum, 289.
Notolophus, 356.
novaeguineae (MeUlestes), 175.
— (PhUemou), 177, 178.
— (Toxorh\iichus), 175.
novaezealandiae (Anthus), 168.
nuba (Conopia), 75,
— (Sesia), 75.
376
nubica (Galerida), 37.
nubila (Protoparce), 196.
nubilum (Macroglossum), 239.
Nucifraga, 125.
numosae (Polyptychus), 210.
nupta (Stigmatops), 175.
nyanga (SjTianthedon), 62.
Nyceryx, 217, 218.
Nyctaegeria, 119.
nymani (Myzomela), 173.
oberthueri (Hyloicug), 202.
— (Sphinx), 202.
oberthiiri (Callisphecia), 83.
oberthuri (Paranthrene), 104, 109.
— (Phlagothauma), 104.
— (Sphecia), 80.
oberthiiri (Triclochana), 83.
obesus (Engyophlebus), 268.
obidonus (Cabirus), 24.
— (Castnia), 24.
obliquizona (Lepidopoda), 97.
— (Thyranthrene), 97.
obliquus (Pholus), 224.
obliterata (Theretra), 249.
obscura (Erinnyis), 215,
— (Megalosphecia), 79.
— (Myzomela), 173, 174.
obaourata (CerthUauda), 163.
obscarus (Hemignathus), 170.
— (Xylophanes), 245.
obvelatus (C'osmocephalus), 186, 187, 188.
occidentalis (MeHttia), 94.
— (Molothrus), 137.
— (Pseudoclanis), 207.
occulta (Protoparce), 196.
oceanica (Enpeuanga), 229.
ochracea (Chamanthedon), 65.
• — ■ (Loxops), 170.
ookendeni (Protambulyx), 203,
— (Xylophaues), 245.
ooularius (Hyphaaturgus), 138.
— (Plooeus), 138.
ocypete (Epistor), 223.
— (Sphinx), 223.
Ocyton, 234.
Odontosida, 234, 235.
odyneripennis (Bembeoia), 112.
Oederemia, 356.
Oedibrya, 356.
oedipoides (Melittia), 85.
oedipus (Melittia), 85.
Oedistoma, 174
oenopion (Nephele), 230.
oiclus (Madoryx), 215.
— (Sphinx), 215.
olenda (Conopia), 76.
olenda (Sesia), 76.
Oligophebia, 47, 48, 51, 52.
olivacea (Certhidea), 172.
— (Cypa), 213.
— (Degmaptera), 213.
— (Psttirostra), 170.
olivaceus (Carduelis), 157.
— (Spinus), 157.
ombriosa (Fringilla), 155.
omissa (Acosmeryx), 226.
• — (Euphonia), 151.
— (Foudia), 137.
omissus (Cabirus), 24.
— (Castnia), 24.
ommatiaeformis (Aegeria), 81.
— (Trochilium), 81.
omoensis (Anthus), 169.
— (Emberiza), 162.
— (Pachyphantes), 139.
Onychognathus, 135.
oorti (Ailuroedus), 127.
opalescens (Paranthrene), 104.
opalimargo (Tipulamima), 56.
opalizans (Conopia), 74.
opima (Protoparce), 198.
oppidana (Psittirostra), 170.
oranaria (Drepana), 356.
Oreomystis, 171.
Oreomj'za, 171.
Orestes (Athis), 12.
— (Castnia), 12.
orientalis (Philampelua), 251.
Oriolus, 133, 134.
orizabensis (Aciloa), 19.
— (Castnia), 19.
ornatus (Hemeroplanes), 215.
— (Leucorhampha), 215.
orpheus (Chaerooampa), 249.
— (Theretra), 249, 250.
Orthia, 21, 29.
orthographua ( PolyptychuB), 208.
Oryzoborus, 154.
osai (Corvus), 126.
oscillans (Oriolus), 134.
oslari (Hyloicus), 201. '
• — (Proserpiiius), 236.
— (Sphinx), 201.
Osminia, 71.
ostrinus (Pyrenestes), 144.
Othyphantes, 138.
ottonis (Haemorrhagia), 220.
ovifera (Nephele), 230.
ovina (Aegerina), 51.
owstoni (Pyrrhula), 160.
Oxyambulyx, 190-92, 205, 206.
ozyptera (Temnora), 231.
Pachyoephala, 358.
377
Pachygonia, 217.
Paohylia, 215.
Pachyphantes, 139.
Pachysphlnx, 214.
palatinus (Aciloa), 19.
— (Castoia), 19.
palawanensis (Buchanga), 130.
pallasi (Emberiza), 162.
pallasia (Castnia), 20.
— (Imara), 20.
pallesoens (Deilephila), 226.
— (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
pallida (Geospiza), 153.
— (Gymnoris), 158.
— (Perigonia), 219.
pallidiceps (Philemon), 178.
pallidicrissa (Lagonstiota), 147.
pallidigula (Cypsnagra), 149.
pallidior (Emberiza), 162.
— (Myzomela), 174.
Palluperina, 256.
pahneri (Rhodaoanthis), 169.
Palmeria, 171.
Palmia, 71.
palpalis (Temnora), 233.
paludicola (Estrilda), 148.
Panaora, 227, 228, 247-50.
panyasis (Aegeria), 71.
— (Conopia), 71.
panayensis (Aplonis), 135.
panopus (Compsogene), 205.
Pansa, 84, 94.
papagaya (Athis), 12.
— ■ (Castnia), 12.
Papilio, 295-319.
papilionaris (Amauta), 3.
— (Castnia), 3.
papuana (Angonyx), 228.
— (Cechenena), 251.
— (Erythrura), 142.
papuanum (Macroglosaum), 237.
par (Emberiza), 162.
Paradisea, 128, 129, 130.
— (Steganura), 146.
paradiseua (Dissemurus), 130. .
Paradoxeoia, 47, 51, 114.
paraensis (Granatellus), 172.
paraguayensis (Elina), 13.
parambae (Castnia), 5.
— (Corybantes), 5.
Paiamelisa, 253,
Paranthrene, 47, 48, 50, 51, 100-10, 115.
Paranthreuopsia, 118, 119.
Parasa, 84, 95.
Parasesia, 47, 51,
Parharmouia, 47, 48, 49, 51.
Paroaria, 162,
25*
Parotia, 128.
paaealus (Macrogloseum), 241.
Passer, 158, 159.
passerinus (Ploceus), 137.
patasiwa (Stigmatops), 176.
pauper (Conopia), 76.
— (Sylphidia), 76.
pausanias (Papilio), 295, 315.
pectoralis (Diglossa), 152.
pedunculata (Ichneumenoptera), 77.
— (Sphecosesia), 77.
pelasgua (Castnia), 26.
— (Haemorrhagia), 220.
— (Nasca), 26.
— (Sphinx), 220.
pellecta (Melittia), 93.
pellenia (Protoparce), 197.
pellonia (Boisduvalia), 25.
— (Castnia), 25.
pelopia (Westwoodia), 30.
pelzelni (Granatellus), 172.
penelope (Castnia), 13.
— (Elina), 13.
peneua (Nephele), 230.
Pennisetia, 112.
penricei (HopUstopus), 194.
pensilis (Aegeria), 73.
— (Conopia), 73.
pentazona (Conopia), 73.
— (Sesia), 73.
pentazonata (Paranthrene), 102.
Penthetria, 145.
peracensis (Bhringer), 43.
perakana (Panacra), 228.
perelegans (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphinx), 201.
Pergesa, 243, 248, 250, 251.
Perigonia, 218, 219.
periophthalmica (Buchanga), 131.
— (Dicrurua), 131.
perkeo (Theretra), 249.
perkinsi (Oreomystis), 171.
— ■ (Oreomyza), 171.
perlucida (Episannina), 55.
permiatua (Oriolus), 134.
pemix (Bembecia), 106.
— (Paranthrene), 106.
perpaUidus (Uraeginthua), 140.
perplexa (Protoparce), 197.
personata (Boisduvalia), 33.
— (Eophona), 154.
peruviana (Cabirus), 32.
perversa (Cypa), 213,
— (Smerinthulus), 213.
perviridis (Theretra), 246.
Petronia, 158.
petronia (Petronia), 158.
petuuiae (Protoparce), 196,
378
Phacusa, 272.
phaeomera (Anomoeotes), 2B9.
phaeoxantha (Artona), 274.
phalaria (Castnia), 34.
— (Ox.yambulyx), 190, 191, 205.
— (Sympalamides), 31, 34.
Phanoxyla, 246.
phasiaeformis (Aegeria), 71.
— (Conopia), 71.
phUampeloides (Tylognathus), 216.
Philampelus, 216, 224, 242, 251.
PhUemon, 177, 178.
Phlegethontius, 193, 195-8.
Phlogothauma, 100, 104, 107.
phocinum (Maoroglo8sum), 241.
phoenica (Sura), 99.
phoenicae (Urobrachya), 145.
phoeniceu3 (Cardiiialis), 155.
phoenicolepia (Nolatypa), 261.
phoenicoptera (Pytelia), 143.
phoenicopteri (Eehinuria), 189.
phoenicura (Aramomaiies), 166.
Pholus, 223, 224.
pholus (Sphinx), 242.
phorcus (Melittia), 88.
PhrygUu3, 162.
phyllis (Platysphinx), 207.
Phyllosphingia, 214.
pietipea (Lepidopoda), 54.
pieus (Cephonodes), 222.
— (Sphinx), 222.
Pignatellini, 283.
pilosella (Chrysopa), 2S7.
pinaiae (Erythrura), 142.
pinastri (Hyloicus), 202.
— (Sphinx), 202.
pini (Parharmonia), 51.
Pintia, 280.
pispoletta (Calaudrella), 163.
Pitylus, 155.
placida (Darapsa), 241.
— (DeUephila), 225, 22G, 241.
plagiata (Temnora), 232, 233.
platycercus (Mesonemurus), 285.
Platysphinx, 207.
platyuriformis (Aegoria), 76.
— (Conopia), 76.
platyxanthum (Macroglossum), 240.
Plocepasser, 144.
Ploceus, 1,37-40, 145.
ploetzi (Choerocampa), 242.
— (Xylophanes), 242.
plumbeofusa (Giaura), 261.
plumipes (Euryphrissa), 51.
Podosesia, 47, 49, 63.
poecila (Dovania), 194.
poeoilum (Macroglossum), 237.
poecilus (Ambulyx), 214.
poeoilus (Callambulyx), 214.
PoephUa, 142.
polatzeki (C'alandrolla), 163.
— (Cialerida), 166.
— (Fringilla), 155.
polia (Temnora), 233.
Poliana, 193, 194, 203.
Poliodes, 212.
Poliospiza, 159.
polychroa (CalljTia), 257.
polydamas (Papilio), 295, 306.
polymorpha (Chlumetia), 260.
Polyptychus, 208-10, 234.
porcus (Xylophanes), 243.
postcristata (Ceratocorema), 115.
— (Tinthia), 115.
postica (Pseudoclanis), 207.
postrosea (Neurosymplooa), 270.
powelli (Cymbalophora), 356.
— (Miana), 356.
praecedens (PaUuia). 71.
praccipua (Ptiloprora), 176.
— (PtUotis), 176.
Praedora, 195.
Praegeria, 47, 51.
praelongus (Hyloicus), 201.
— (Sphuix), 201.
Pramila, 100, 102, 105.
prasina (Procris), 356.
precisa (Oederemia), 356.
prionites (Polyjatychus), 209.
Proaegeria, 119.
Procarduclis, 156.
procera (Amauta), 3.
— (Castnia), 3.
Procris, 356.
Procus, 356.
productalis (Melittia), 104.
productus (Camarhynchus), 153.
progne (Diatropura), 146.
Prometheus, 20, 21, 32.
— (Macroglossum), 239.
prorainons (Aleuron), 216.
promixa (Trichocerota), 118.
pronoe (Enyo), 216.
propinqua (Geospiza), 152.
propyria (Paranthrenc), 101.
prosorpina (Melittia), 92.
Proserpinus, 236.
prostesilaus (Papilio), 295, 317.
Protambulyx, 203, 204.
Protoparce, 195-99, 225.
protrudens (Daphnis), 242.
— (DeilephUa), 242.
proxima (Melittia), 91.
— (Zenodoxus), 118.
pryeri (Sura), 99.
psammochroa (Melanocorypha), 163.
5t&
Pseudalcanthoe, 47, 49, 61.
Peeudastrapia, 129.
Pseudoclanis, 207.
Paeudodolbina, 200.
pseudogyrans (Maeroglossa), 236.
Pseudomelittia, 47, 50, 100.
Pseudouestor, 170.
pseudoperla (Brj'ophila), 356.
pseudopylas (Lophuron), 234.
Pseudosesia, 104.
Pseudosetia, 100, 104.
pseudovigil (Panacra), 247.
Psilogramma, 194.
psittacea (Psittirostra), 170.
psittacula (Geospiza), 153.
Psittirostra, 170.
Pterogon, 234.
Ptiloprora, 176.
PtUotia, 170, 177.
pulchella (Panacra), 227.
pulcherrimum (Lophuron). 235.
pulchra (Leptoclanis), 207.
puichripennis (Paranthrene), 108.
— (Sannina), 108.
punctata (Minva), 288.
punctimargo (Castnia), 25.
— (Boisduvalia), 25.
punctulata (Munia), 143.
purpurascens (Euphonia), 151.
pusiUa (Pyramelana), 144.
pusillus (Odontosida), 235.
— (Smerinthus), 235.
Pycnoctena, 272.
pygmaeum (Oedistoma), 174.
pylades (Castnia), 4.
— (Corybantes), 4.
— (Temnora), 234.
pylene (Maeroglossa), 240.
— (Macroglossum), 240.
pyramidaUs (Albuna), 100.
Pyrenestes, 144.
pyretbra (Synanthedon), 59.
pyrgita (Gymnoris), 158.
pyrocera (Sura), 98.
pyrocraspis (Monopetalotaxis), 58.
pyrodisca (Synanthedon), 01.
Pyromelana, 144, 145.
pyrophora (Homogyna), HI.
pyropis (Melittia), 84.
Pyropteron, 47, 49, 51.
pyrosema (Synanthedon), 01.
pyrosoma (Tipulamima), 56.
pyrrhina (Oxyambulyx), 200.
Pyrrhula, 160, 161.
Pyrrhulagra, 156.
Pyrrhulauda, 167.
pyrrhuloides (Emberiza), 162.
pyrrhus (Xylophanea), 246.
Pytelia, 143.
pythes (Aegeria), 110.
— (Paranthrene), 110.
quadrata (Castnia), 10.
— (Xanthocastnia), 10.
quanzae (Urobrachya), 145.
quercus (Couopia), 72.
— (Sesia), 72.
quinquecincta (Chamanthedon), 67.
quinquemaculatus (Protoparce), 196
— (Sphinx), 196.
quinquepuncta (Lophoceps), 70.
radians (Trichocerota), 116.
radiosa (Theretra), 248.
Ramphoschisma, 238, 241.
rangoonensis (Paranthrene), 103.
rattraya (Nephele), 230.
rattrayi (Temnora), 233.
rebaptizatus (Dicrurus), 130.
rectans (Macroglossum), 238.
rectifascia (Macroglossum), 241.
— (Ramphoschisma), 241.
reevi (Hyloicus), 200.
— (Neogene), 200.
regale (Sciapteron), 102.
regalis (Pachysphijix), 214.
— (Paranthrene), 102.
regius (Cicinnurus), 128.
reiseri (Emberiza), 161.
remifer (Bhrmga), 42, 43.
remipes (Tarsapoda), 51.
rendalli (Lagonosticta), 147.
repanda (Sphecia), 81.
— (Sphecodoptera), 80.
resta (Xylophanes), 245.
retusus (Polyptychus), 209.
revoluta (Chevreuxia), 179.
Rexa, 289.
rex (Hyphantomis), 139.
— (Ploceus), 139.
Rhagastis, 250, 251.
Rhamphocoelus, 149, 150.
Rhodacanthis, 169.
rhodia (Chamaesphecia), 69.
rhodina (Xylophanes), 243.
rhodochlora (Xylophanes), 245.
rhodopareia (Lagonosticta), 148.
rhodothictis (Conopia), 74.
— (Sesia), 74.
rhodotus (Xylophanes), 245.
rhynchiiformis (Alonina), 78.
rhynchioides (Aegeria), 81
— (Sphecia), 81.
Rhynoholaba, 250.
380
richardi (Anthus), 168.
ridgwayi (Certhidea), 172.
— (Icterus), 137.
riggenbachi (Galerida), 165.
— (Serinus), 160.
rimosa (Isognathus), 214.
Rodolphia, 47, 49, 50, 70.
rohani (Nyctaegeria), 119.
romanovi (Aegerosphecia), 79.
— (Sphecia), 79.
rothschildi (Astrapia), 129.
— (Buthraupis), 150.
— (Cyanocompsa), 154.
— (Guiraca), 154.
— (Leucopsar), 136.
— (Nucifraga), 125.
— (Pyrenestes), 144.
rosacea (Daplmis), 226.
rosea (Antitype), 356.
— (Hippotion), 247.
— (Panacra), 247.
roseicomis (Poliodes), 212.
roseitincta (Hiccoda), 258.
rosenbergi (Nemosia), 148.
rosinans (Bryophila), 356.
rosulenta (Leucophlebia), 208.
rubescens (Procarduelis), 156.
rubetra (Rhagastes), 250.
rubiginosus (Melanopteryx), 140.
— (Ploceus), 140.
rubra (Foudia), 137.
rubricosa (Callambulyx), 213.
rubripes (Conopia), 73.
— (Sesia), 73.
rubripicta (Synanthedon), 61,
rubrophalaris (Castnia), 16.
— (Sympalamides), 16.
rudoia (Estrilda), 141.
rufa (Loxops), 171.
rufescens (Calandrella), 163.
— (Meganoton), 193.
— (Mirafra), 165.
— (Theretra), 242.
— (Xylophanes), 242.
ruficauda (Aegeria), 98.
— (Aegintha), 142.
— (BathUda), 142.
— (Sura), 98.
ruficeps (Calandrella), 163.
ruficilia (Staphylinochrous), 269.
ruficincta (Eublepharis), 84, 94.
— (Melittia), 94.
— (Trichocerota), 116, 117.
ruficoUaris (Paranthrene), 115.
— (Tinthia), 115.
— (Cypsnagra), 149.
— (Montifringilla), 157.
ruficrista (Aschistophleps), 52.
rufifinis (Paranthrene), 109.
— (Sanniiia), 109.
rufitergum (Gamilus), 123.
rufitibia (Sura), 98.
rufodorsa (Jlelittia), 89.
rufostigmata (Athetis), 357.
Rusguniella, 184, 185.
rustica (Protoparce), 198.
rutila (Aciloa), 19.
— (Castnia), 19.
rutilans (Passer), 159.
rutilipes (Melittia), 87.
sabulosa (Eublemma), 356.
saga (Macroglossum), 239.
sagittirostris (Viridonia), 171.
Saliunca, 276-80.
salmoni (Erytlirothlypis), 148.
— (Hemithraupis), 148.
salomonis (Deilephila), 225.
— (Oxyambulyx), 206.
Saltator, 155.
salvadorii (PtUotis), 176.
— (Xanthotis), 176.
salvini (Certhidea), 172.
sangaica (Melittia), 90.
sanguicosta (Homogyna), 111.
sanguinea (Hematione), 171.
sanguinolenta (Myzomela), 174.
Sannina, 47, 49-51, 108, 109.
Sanninoidea, 71.
saphiroi (Anthus), 169.
sapphirina (Saliunca), 277.
Sataspes, 222.
satellitia (Pholus), 223.
satrapes (Castnia), 20.
— (Imara), 20.
saturata (Nyceryx), 218.
eaturatior (Ptilotis), 177.
— (Xanthotis), 177.
satyriniformis (Melittia), 95.
savannarum (Ammodramus), 162.
— (Cotumiculus), 162.
scandens (Geospiza), 153.
schausi (Ambulyx), 204.
— (Darapsa), 243.
— (Xylophanes), 243.
Bchistacea (Nigrita), 144.
echliiteri (Galerida), 166.
schoanus (Uraeginthus), 140.
schoeniclus (Emberiza), 162.
schraderi (LamprocoUus), 134.
schreibersi (Castnia), 4.
— (Eupalamides), 4.
Sciapteron, 100, 101, 102, 110.
scintillans (Paranthrene), 107.
— (Phlogothauma), 100, 107.
381
scolioides (Trichoohana), 83.
scoliomima, 83.
scotinus (Theretra), 250.
soottiarum (Ramphoachisma), 238.
scribal (Aegeria), 82.
— (sphecia), 82.
scriptor (Tylognathus), 241.
sculpta (Cizara), 229.
— (Miorolophia), 229.
scutata (Protoparce), 197.
Selagena, 264.
Seleucides, 130.
semifasciata (Macroglossum), 239.
semifervens (Oxyambulyx), 192, 206.
semihyalina (Neothinthia), 115.
Semioptila, 268, 269.
semirufa (Synanthedon), 59, 60.
senegala (Lagonosticta), 147.
separatus (Sphinx), 201.
septentrionalis (Geospiza), 153.
sequoiae (Vespamima), 71.
serenus (Xylophanes), 243.
sericea (Loboparadisea), 127.
Serinus, 159, 160.
Sesia, 71, 88, 104, 113, 220.
sesiiformis (Paranthrene), 106.
sesostris (Papilio), 295, 302.
sesquiplex (Protoparce), 198.
setodiformis (Sesia), 77.
Seuratia, 186.
severina (Macrosila), 193.
— (Meganotoii), 193.
sexualis (Tipulamima), 57.
sharpei (Eutheia), 154.
— (Meliphaga), 176.
— (PtUotis), 176.
shelfordi (Eurypteryx), 235.
shipleyi (Seuratia), 186.
siamensis (Dicrurus), 42.
siamica (Melittia) 88.
Sicalis, 160.
siccima (Paranthrene), 109.
signata (Castnia), 34.
— (Sympalamides), 34.
— (Tanagrella), 151.
sikkima (Sciapteron), 109.
sikkimensis (Rhagastis), 250.
SimUipepsis, 47, 51, 114.
similis (Macroglossa), 236.
simillima (Geospiza), 152.
— (Motacilla), 167.
simoia (Aegeria), 73.
— (Conopia), 73.
simplex (Cephonodes), 221.
— (Myzomela), 173.
Sincara, 47, 51.
sinensis (Dendrocitta), 124.
— (Monopetalotaxis), 69,
sinensis (Rhyllosphingia), 214.
— (Sphecia), 79.
— (Toleria), 79.
sinica (Chloris), 154.
— (Dendrocitta), 124.
sinicus (Hyloicus), 202.
— (Sphinx), 202.
sinuata (Panacra), 227.
Sitagra, 138.
smerinthoides (Tylognathus), 216.
Smerinthulua, 213.
Smerinthus, 212, 235.
sckotrae (Anthus), 168.
solituda (Gaea), 63.
Somabrachys, 263.
somereni (Serinus), 160.
songata (Boisduvalia), 25.
— (Castnia), 25.
sonora (Meliphaga), 177.
sophax (Tipulamima), 57.
Sophona, 47, 61.
sera (Castnia), 15.
— (Sympalamides), 15, 29.
sordidus (Anthus), 168, 169.
Soronia, 115, 116.
soror (Adixoa), 100.
spadicicorpus (Homogyna), 112.
sparsimguttata (Nigrita), 144.
spectabilis (Marumba), 211.
Spermospiza, 137.
Sphecia, 47, 50, 79-83, 99, 112, 120.
Sphecodoptera, 80.
Sphecosesia, 47, 49, 77.
sphenurus (Emberizoides), 162.
Sphingonaepiopsis, 235.
Sphinx, 88, 95, 193, 196-203, 215, 220-225, 242-
247.
spilogastra (Triehocerota), 117.
spilonotum (Macroglossum), 241.
Spilopastes, 20.
spinoletta (Anthus), 168.
Spinus, 156, 157.
spiralis (Acuaria), 181, 182.
— (Dispharynx), 181.
splendens (Angonyx), 227.
— (Panacra), 227.
splendida (Myzomela), 172.
— (Notolophus), 356.
splendidissima (Astrapia), 129.
spodiogenys (Fringilla), 156.
Staphylinochrous, 209, 270.
staudingeri (Aciloa), 29.
— (Haemorrbagia), 220.
— (Melittia), 91.
— (Theretra), 244.
Stenagra, 263.
Steganura, 146.
steniptera (Doratopteryx), 268,
98^
Stenolophia, 219.
stenosema (Clanis), 207.
Stenosphecia, 71.
stevensi (Temnora), 2.')1.
stewarti (Sumiculus), 293.
Sthenoprocris. 27.').
stictica (Nephele), 230.
stigma (Macroglossum), 237.
— (Temnora), 233.
stigmalis (Maracanda), 2SG.
Stigmatops, 175, 176.
— (Dicmrus), 131.
stoliczkae (Acantlus), 157.
stomoxyfomiis (Conopia), 71.
Styx (Acherontia), 193.
strandi (Castnia), 22.
— (Haemonides), 22.
strenua (C'haerocampa), 223.
— (Dupo), 223.
— (Pholus), 223.
striata (Theretra), 251.
striatus (Falcinellus), 130.
— (Oriolus), 133.
strigata (Castnia), 17.
— (Ypanema), 17.
strigipennis (Melittia), 92.
striolatus (Poliospiza), 159.
— (Serinus), 159.
strioliger (Surattha), 35G.
stuarti (Pachygonia), 218.
— (Phlegethontius), 197.
— (Protoparce), 197.
— (Theretra), 244.
— (Xylophanes), 244.
Stumus, 136.
subapicalis (Oligophebia), 52.
— (Temnora), 231.
subauratus (Synanthedon), 71.
subcastanea (Munia), 143.
subcoerulea (Castnia), 18.
subcoerulea (SchaetTeria), 18.
subdentata (Acosmeryx), 226.
subocellata (Ambulyx), 206.
— (Oxyambulyx), 206.
subperla (Catamecia), 356.
subplumbeola (Oedibrya), 356.
substrigilis (Oxyambulyx), 192, 205.
subtuberosus (Philemon), 177.
subvaria (Castnia), 16.
— (Sympalamides), 16.
succiuctus (Cornipalpus), 222.
suffusa (Antitype), 356.
sulphurea (Ambulyx), 204.
— (Protambulyx), 204.
suluensis (Dicrurus), 132.
sumatrana (Melittia), 88.
superba (Aciloa), 20.
— (Castnia), 20.
superba (Lophorina), 128.
superciliosus (Pachyphantos), 139.
Sura, 47, 51, 98,99.
Surattha, 356.
surinamus (Tachyphonus), 149.
Sumiculus, 291-294.
surodes (Podosesia), 63.
swainsoni (Isognathus), 214.
swinhoei (C^'anopica), 124.
syces (Paehylia), 215.
sycobius (Lamprocolius), 135.
Sycobrotus, 138.
Sylphidia, 76.
s\'lphina (Lepidopoda), 65.
Sylvietta, 358.
Sympalamides, 14-16, 29, 31, 34.
Symplectes, 139.
Synanthedon, 47, 49, 59-62. 71-76.
Synhimantus, 183, 184.
SjTioecha, 202.
sj-phax (Castnia), 9.
— (Erythrocastnia), 9, 33.
syriaca (Clelea), 275.
syringae (Podosesia), 63.
tabaniformis (Memythrus), 100.
— (Paranthrene), 100.
— (Sciapteron), 100.
tabanus (Melittia), 89.
Taehyplionus, 149.
taedium (Epistor), 217.
tagalica (Sataspes), 222.
tagulanus (Philemon), 178.
taivanensis (Passer), 159.
TanagreUa, 151.
Tangara, 150, 151.
tantalus (Sesia), 220.
tapeina (Chamanthcdon), 67.
tarapotensis (Boisduvalia), 25.
— (Castnia), 25.
tardinata (Galerida), 166.
tarentolae (Acuaria), 189.
Tarsa, 100.
Tarsopoda, 47, 49, 51.
Tasema, 274.
tattina (Oxyambulyx), 192, 205.
taylori (Melopj'rrha), 154.
tectirostris (Bhringa), 43.
Teinotarsina, 71.
Teleosphecia, 47, 48, 51.
Telespiza, 169.
Temnora, 231-234.
Temnoropais, 234.
tenebrosa (Pacliycephala), 358.
— (Perigonia), 219.
— (Stenolophia), 219.
tenuimarginata (Lepidopoda), 54.
383
tenuis (Aegeria), 75.
— (Conopia), 75.
tenuiventris (Conopia), 75.
— (Synanthedon), 75.
Tephris, 356.
Tephrocorys, 163.
Tephrostola, 23, 32.
Teragra, 266, 267.
tenuiniflava (Conopsia), 119.
tertia (Gracupica), 136.
testacea (Angonj'.x), 228.
tetrazona (Lophoceps), 70.
teydea (FringiUa), 155.
thais (Castaia), 14.
— (Ceretes), 14.
thalassina (Parantlirene), 101.
theklae (Galerida), 166.
theUos (PapUio), 295, 303.
therapon (Castaia), 21.
— (Orthia), 21.
Theretra, 225, 242, 244, 240, 248, 249, 250.
Thermochrous, 270.
thoas (Papilio), 295, 308.
thoracica (Sataspes), 222.
Thyranthrene, 47, 50, 97.
Thyreus, 228.
thysbe (Haemorrhagia), 220.
tibialis (Sphinx), 95.
tigrina (Amblypteriis), 204.
— (Ambulyx), 204.
timora (Maruiuba), 212
timoriensia (Philemon), 178
tineiformis (.Microsphecia), 110.
Tinthia, 47, 51, 97, 111, 115-19.
Tipulamima, 48, 49, 56, 57.
tiresa (Chamthedon), 68.
Tirista, 100
titan (Cephonodes), 222
— (Clanis), 207.
tityus (Haemorrhagia), 220.
Toleria, 47T 50, 79.
tomentosa (Adixoa), 100.
torquatus (Papilio), 295, 314.
torrenia (Daphnis), 226.
— (Deilephila), 226.
ToxorhjTichus, 175.
Tradescanticola, 47, 48, 64.
transfuga (Gymnoris), 158.
transvaalensis (Mirafra), 165.
triangulum (Pholus), 223.
Trichocerota, 47, 51, 116-118.
Triclochana, 83.
trichroa (Erythrura), 142.
trieincta (Aegeria), 76.
— (Conopia), 76.
— (Paranthrene), 102.
— (Tipulamima), 57.
tricolor (Anypoptus), 120.
tricolor (Castnia), 22.
— (Cyanostola), 22.
— (Sphecia), 120.
trilineatus (Polyptychus), 208.
Trilochana, 47, 49, 99, 105.
trimacula (Protoparce), 198.
trinitatis (Icterus), 130.
triopas (Papilio), 295, 300.
triptolemus (Sphinx), 215.
tristis (Paranthrene), 106.
tritonias (C'hamaespliecia), 68.
trizonata (Paranthrene), 104.
— (Sciapteron), 104.
Trochilium, 80, 81, 82, 94, 96.
trochUus (Cephonodes), 221.
— (Macroglossum), 221.
trogoloba (Semioptila), 268.
tropica (Chamanthedon), 65.
tropicalis (Mirafra), 164.
— (Praedora), 195.
— (Protoparce), 196.
trothae (Melanopteryx), 140.
— (Ploceus), 140.
tschusii (Corvus), 127.
tucuniana (Protoparce), 197.
turbidus (Mauroleo), 286.
turcica (Notolophus), 356.
Tylognathus, 216, 241.
Typhosia, 211.
typica (Similipcpsis), 114.
— (V'espaegeria), 114.
Tyreotacea, 47, 51, 114.
ugandae (Uraegiiithus), 141.
umbripermis (Notolophus), 356.
uncinata (Echinuria), 180.
uncinula (Drepana), 356.
undata (Chlaenogramma), 199.
— (Xylophanes), 243.
undatus (Polyptychus), 208.
undulosa (Clanis), 206.
ungues (JIacroglossum), 237.
miiciiicta (Conojna), 73.
— (Diglossa), 152.
— (Sesia), 73.
uiiicolor (Bonia), 119.
— (CaUyua), 257.
— (Cephonodes), 221.
— (Gazzola), 125.
— (Isbarta), 280.
— (Teleosphecia), 51.
unifasciata (Castnia), 27.
— (Nasca), 27.
uniformis (Diodosida), 232.
— (Enyo), 232.
— (Tra<iescanticola), 64.
univitta (Trichocerota), 118.
384
iinooingulata (Conopia), 75.
— (Synanthedon), 75.
Uraeginthus, 140, 141.
Urobrachya, 145.
uroceriformis (Sannina), 51.
ursipes (Melittia), 86.
uruguayaaa (Castnia), 16, 17.
^ (Ypauema), 16, 17.
usambara (Melittia), 93.
ussuriensis (Chloria), 154.
vacillans (Macroglossa), 236.
— (Macroglossum), 236.
variegata (Athis), 11.
— (Gaea), 63.
— (Panacra), 228.
variegatum (Macroglossum), 239.
variolosa (Panacra), 228.
Taripes (Tinthia), 115, 116.
vassei (Synanthedon), 62.
vau-alba (Metarbela), 266.
Veismannia, 47, 49, 51.
velia (Tanagrella), 151.
velox (Conopia), 75.
— (Hippotion), 247.
— (Sesia), 75.
— (Sphinx), 247.
veloxina (Pseudodolbina), 200.
velutina (Amauta), 3.
— (Castnia), 3.
velutinus (Surniculus), 294.
venata (Haemorrhagia), 220.
— (Macroglossa), 220.
venosa (Chrysopa), 288.
venturii (Phrygilus), 162.
venustum (Eupyrrhoglossum) 219.
veraguana (Castnia), 5,
— (Gorybantes), 5.
versicolor (Conopia), 74.
— (.Synanthedon), 74.
vertumnus (Papilio), 295.
veruculella (Tephris), 356.
Vespaegeria, 114.
Vespamima, 71.
Vespanthedon, 47, 49, 77.
vespiformis (Bembecia), 112.
— (Pennisetia), 112.
vetulina (Chalconycles), 275, 276.
vicina (Libyoclanis), 211.
— (Meliphaga), 177.
— (PtUotis), 177.
victrix (Melittia), 86.
vigil (Panacra), 247.
vincens (Euphonia), 151.
violacea (Similipepsis), 114.
violaceus (Similipepsis), 114.
viridinitens (Dicruropsis), 131.
viridinitens (Dicrurus), 131.
viriditincta (Amesia), 281.
Viridonia, 171.
viryi (Castnia), 11.
— (Xanthocastnia), 11.
visi (Ptilotis), 177.
— (Xanthotis), 177.
vitiense (Macroglossum), 238.
vitis (Pholus), 224.
vitrifasciata (Echidgnathia), 97.
— (Tenthia), 97.
vitrinus (Cocytius), 195.
volatilis (Melittia), 93.
vouauxi (Proaegeria), 119.
vuiUeti (Metasphecia), 82.
vulgaris (Chrysopa), 287.
— (Sturnus), 136.
wagneri (Castnia), 11.
— ■ (Xanthocastnia), 11.
wahnesi (Parotia), 128.
walkeri (Amphimoea), 195.
— (Amphonyx), 195.
walteri (MontifringUla), 158.
waterstradti (Pyrrhula), 161.
Westwoodia, 30.
whitakeri (Ammomanes), 167.
— (Garrulus), 124.
wildei (Oxyambulyx), 191.
wilemani (Oxyambulyx), 205.
wilsoni (Celerio), 247.
— (DeilephUa), 247.
— (Heterorhynchus), 170.
— (Himatione), 171.
— (Hypochaera), 143.
wintgensi (Jaboribia), 203.
— (Poliana), 203.
woUastoni (Temnora), 233.
wolstenholmei (Loxops), 171.
woodfordi (Cephonodes), 220, 221.
— (Erythrura), 142.
Xanthocastnia, 9-11.
xanthogaster (Melittia), 94.
xanthogyna (Lepidopoda), 54.
xanthopasta (Chamanthedon), 66.
xanthophora (Homogyna), Ul.
— (Tinthia), Ul.
xanthophrys (Pseudonestor), 170.
xanthopleura (Chamanthedon), 65.
xanthopyga (Paranthrene), 101.
— (Sesia), 77.
xanthomus (Icterus), 136.
xanthosoma (Ichneumenoptera), 72.
xanthosoma (Paranthrene), 106.
(Sciapterou), 106.
385
Xanthospila, 23.
xanthospila (Tinthia), 115.
xanthostiota (Conopia), 73.
— (Sesia), 73.
Xanthotis, 176, 177.
xanthozonata (Synanthedon), 62.
xaathurus (Macroglossum), 240.
xanthus (Cephonodes), 221,
— (Protambulyx), 203.
Xanthyda, 253.
xylina (Nephele), 229.
xylocopiformis (Sura), 98, 99.
Xylophaues, 242, 243-246.
yezoensis (Aegeria), 81.
Ypanema, I6-1S.
ypsilon (Amplyptenis), 204.
zagraea (Castnia), 2.5, 26.
— (Qazera), 25, 26.
zantus (Temnora), 232.
zarudnyl (Ammomanes), 166.
zedlitzi (Erythrospiza), 158.
Zenodoxus, 47, 51, 117-119.
zenzeroides (Langia), 213.
zerynthia (Castnia), 4.
— (Eupalamides), 4.
zoneiventris (Paranthrene), 106.
Zonilia, 200, 230.
Zygaena, 356.
zygophora (Paranthrene), 109.
PriiU'.dby tiazsU, W(Usi.it £ Viney, Ld,, London ana Aytesbury.
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