Observations on bats from Trinidad, with a checklist of species occuring on the island

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

THE MUSEUM

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

NUMBER 72

9 JANUARY 1981

OBSERVATIONS ON BATS FROM TRINIDAD,
WITH A CHECKLIST OF SPECIES OCCURRING
ON THE ISLAND

Catherine H. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways,
Robert S. Loregnard, and Robert J. Baker

In their comprehensive treatment of the bats of Trinidad,
Goodwin and Greenhall (1961) reported 58 species from the
island. Subsequent authors (Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962, 1964;
Genoways et al., 1973a; LaVal, 1973a, 19735) have added some
species to the list and changed the status of others so that the
known chiropteran fauna of Trinidad now comprises 64 species:
five emballonurids, one noctilionid, four mormoopids, 36 phyllo-
stomids (see Handley, 1980, for family-group names), one natalid,
one furipterid, one thyropterid, seven vespertilionids, and eight
molossids. Among the phyllostomids, the subfamilies Phyllosto-
minae (15) and Stenodermatinae (14) are the best represented,
whereas only a few species of the other three subfamilies—
Glossophaginae (four), Carolliinae (one), and Desmodontinae
(two)—are present.

In this paper, we report additional data on 55 species. These
data add to the available information concerning distribution,
reproduction, and molt. Where appropriate, we have included
taxonomic comments on the status of Trinidadian populations.
Material reported here is the result of three collecting trips to
Trinidad led by R.J. Baker.

Methods and Materials

Specimens reported herein all are deposited in The Museum,
Texas Tech University, except those marked CM, which are

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OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

housed in the Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural
History. External measurements, except length of forearm, are
those recorded by the collector on the specimen labels; length of
forearm and cranial measurements were taken by means of dial
calipers. Methods of taking these later measurements follow
Genoways and Williams (1979). All measurements are given in
millimeters.

Reproductive condition was determined by gross dissection of
specimens in the field or by later dissection of fluid-preserved
animals in the laboratory. Fetus length is given as crown-rump
measurement; testicular size is denoted by total length. Presence of
molt was determined by examination of those individuals pre¬
pared as standard museum study specimens.

Accounts of Species
Peropteryx macrotis trinitatus Miller

Specimen examined (1).— St, George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1.

The specimen is an adult female that evinced no reproductive
activity or molt when taken on 14 August.

Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied)

Specimens examined (10).— St. George Co. : Blanchisseuse, 10.

Pregnant females, each carrying a single fetus, were taken on
the following dates: 13 July (21 crown-rump length); 6 August; 14
August (two individuals, crown-rump lengths 15 and 16). One
female taken on 14 August was not pregnant. Testicular mea¬
surements of three males taken on 6 August were 3, 3, and 3. Molt
was observed in individuals taken on 13 July (1) and 14 August
(two of four specimens).

Husson (1962) has presented the reason for use of the generic
name Rhynchonycteris instead of Rhynchiscus, as employed by
Goodwin and Greenhall (1961).

Saccopteryx bilineata bilineata (Temminck)

Specimens examined (14).— St, George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; Caura Valley, 3;
Las Cuevas, 2; San Rafael, 2 (1 CM); 2 mi. E San Rafael, 2. Mayaro C.o.: Guaya-
guayare, 4.

All specimens examined were taken in August. None of the 11
females was pregnant and only one of 11 was lactating. Two
males taken on 7 August had testes that were 2 and 3 in length.

CARTER ET AL.,— BATS FROM TRINIDAD

3

Of nine specimens examined for molt, five were molting on the
following dates: 8 August (2); 10 August; 14 August; 19 August.

Husson (1962) did not think that S. b. perspicillifer , used by
Goodwin and Green hall (1961), could be separated from S. b.
bihneata at the subspecific level. Subsequently, Alvarez (1968) has
recognized S. b. centralis as a valid taxon; therefore, the appro¬
priate trinomial for the Trinidadian specimens would be S. b.
bilmeata.

Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber)

Specimens examined (5).— St. George Co.: Blanch me use, 3: Caura Valley, 2.

A female taken on 8 August was not pregnant. Two specimens
collected on 14 August and one taken 15 August showed signs of
molting.

Noctilio leporinus mastivus (Vahl)

Specimens examined (1).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseu.se, 2; Las Cuevas, 2.

Nonpregnant females were taken on 12 July and 5 August. Molt
was recorded from one specimen taken on 12 July, two taken on 5
August, and one taken on 14 August. We follow Davis (1973) in
use of the subspecific name mastivus for populations on
Trinidad.

Mormoops megalophylla tumidiceps Miller

Specimens examined (3).— St. George Co.: Las Cuevas, 2. St. David Co. : Zagaya
Cave, 1 (CM).

Testes of two males taken on 2 and 8 August each measured 2.
A specimen captured on 5 August revealed evidence of molt.

Pteronotus davyi davyi Gray

Specimens examined (1),— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; Caura Valley, 1.
May am Co.: Guayaguayare, 2,

Our four specimens are nonpregnant females taken on 12 July,
8 August, 10 August, and 14 August. The first three specimens
were undergoing molt when captured. These are the first speci¬
mens of this species to be recorded from Mayaro County.

Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus (Wagner)

Specimens examined (33).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, I t; Caura Valley, I;
Las Cuevas, 7; Marat as Valley, 2 mi. N (by road) Si. Joseph, 3; San Rafael, 6 (2
CM). St. Andrew Co.: Tamana Cave, 1. Mayaro Co. : Guayaguayare, 1.

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OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

The females examined were collected between 3 to 7 August.
None was pregnant, but four were lactating. The following tes¬
ticular measurements were recorded for adult males (date of cap¬
ture in parentheses): 4 (2 August); 3 (3 August); 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
4, and 5 (6 August); 4 (7 August). Of 21 specimens obtained
between 10 July and 21 August that were examined for molt, 17
were actively molting.

We follow Smith (1972) in use of the above name combination
in place of Chilonyctens rubiginosa fusca used by Goodwin and
Greenhall (1961).

Pteronotus personatus personatus (Wagner)

Specimen examined (1).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1.

A nonpregnant female was taken on 6 August. We follow Smith
(1972) in the use of the current name combination.

Lonchorhina aurita aurita Tomes

Specimens examined (14).— St. George Co.: island near Las Cuevas, 5; Saut
d’Eau Cave, 9.

Nonpregnant females were taken on 13 July (two), 14 July
(one), and 20 August (three). All of our specimens were taken in
July and August and all were undergoing molt. External and
cranial measurements of eight specimens are given in Table 1.

Micronycteris brachyotis (Dobson)

Specimens examined (4).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 2; Maracas Valley, 1.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, !.

Nonpregnant females were taken on 5, 11, and 14 August.
Three individuals evincing molt were collected on the latter two
dates. Our specimen from Mayaro is the first recorded from that
county. Measurements of three specimens are given in Table 1.

Micronycteris hirsuta (Peters)

Specimens examined (4).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; Las Cuevas, 1.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 2.

A female obtained on 19 August was not pregnant. Molt was
recorded on three specimens collected on 15 and 19 August. Our
specimens from Mayaro are the first reported from that county.
Measurements of these specimens are given in Table 1.

Table 1. — External and cranial measurements of 10 species of phyllostomines from Trinidad.

CARTER ET AL — BATS FROM TRINIDAD

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Tabi.e 1.— Continued.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

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Table 1.— Continued.

CARTER ET AL., — BATS FROM TRINIDAD

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OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Micronycteris megalotis megalotis (Gray)

Specimens examined (13).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 3; Las Cuevas, 5;
Maracas, 2. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1. Narwa Co.: 5 mi. mark
Plum Mitan Road, 1. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 1.

Two females obtained on 2 and 8 August were not pregnant.
Testicular measurements for adult males were as follows (dates of
capture in parentheses): 1 (2 August); 2 (5 August); 2, 3 (6
August); 1 (8 August). Bats evincing molt were taken on 8 July, 5
August, 15 August, and 18 August. Our specimen from Nariva is
the first recorded in that county. Measurements for five specimens
are given in Table 1.

Micronycteris minuta (Gervais)

Specimens examined (14).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 3; Las Cuevas, 3;
Maracas Valley, 2; San Rafael, 1. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 4.

No fetuses were found in nine females collected between 3 to 10
August. Molt was observed on 10 specimens obtained between 5 to
19 August. Measurements of nine specimens are given in Table 1.

Micronycteris nicefori Sanborn

Specimens examined (26).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseusc, 2; Caura Valley, 2;
Las Cuevas, L St. Andrew Co.: Sangre Grande, 12; 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 2.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 7.

No fetuses were found in six females taken on 13 July, three on
5 August, two on 8 August, or two on 19 August. Two males with
testes measuring 2 and 2 were collected on 5 August. Twenty-one
specimens obtained between 10 July and 19 August were undergo¬
ing molt. All specimens reported by Goodwin and Greenhall
(1961) were from St. Patrick County. Measurements of 10 speci¬
mens are given in Table L

Mimon crenulatum crenulatum (E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire)

Specimens examined (11).— St. George Co.: Blanchrsseuse, 2; Caura Valley, 1;
Las Cuevas, 3; Maracas, 2; San Rafael. 1; 2 mi. E San Rafael, 1. Mayaro Co.:
Guayaguayare, 1.

All specimens examined were taken between 4 to 8 August.
Four of these were nonpregnant females; one was lactating, how¬
ever. Testicular measurements were 3 for one male (5 August) and
2 for another (7 August). No molt was recorded from three speci¬
mens collected on 5 August and one on 6 August, but molt was

CARTER ET AL.,— BATS FROM TRINIDAD

9

observed on two specimens taken on 4 August and one on 8
August. Only four specimens of this species have been recorded
from Trinidad previously (Goodwin and Greenhall, 1964). The
specimen from Mayaro is the first to be recorded from that
county. Measurements of six specimens are given in Table 1.

Phylloderma stenops stenops (Peters)

Specimens examined (3).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; Maracas, 1. St.
Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1.

Our three specimens are nonpregnant females taken on 5, 8,
and 14 August. The specimen taken on the last date was molting.
Only two specimens from Arima, St. George County, of this rare
species have been recorded previously from Trinidad (Goodwin
and Greenhall, 1964). Measurements of one specimen are given in
Table 1.

Handley (1966) considered this to be a monotypic genus with
all South American specimens assignable to this subspecies.

Phyllostomus discolor discolor Wagner

Specimens examined (25).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 2; Las Cuevas, 8;
Maracas, 9; Maracas Valley, 2 mi. (by road) N St. Joseph, 1 (CM); San Rafael, I.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 4 (1 CM).

Ten nonpregnant females were collected between 2 to 8 August.
Testicular measurements for adult males were as follows (dates of
capture in parentheses): 4, 5, 11 (2 August); 12 (4 August); 3 (5
August); 4, 4 (6 August); 4, 5, 5 (8 August). Seven of nine speci¬
mens taken in August were undergoing molt. Our specimens from
Mayaro are the first reported from southeastern Trinidad.
Although Power and Tamsitt (1973) suggested that P. discolor is
monotypic, we have chosen to recognize subspecies until more
data are available.

Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus (Pallas)

Specimens examined (15).—St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 4; Las Cuevas, 8 (2
CM); Maracas, 2. Mayaro C.o.: Guayaguayare, 1.

No fetuses were found in 10 females collected between 7 July
and 12 August. Testicular measurements for adult males were as
follows (dates of capture in parentheses): 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7 (2
August); 4, 4 (6 August); 5 (8 August). An individual taken on 5
August was molting. No molt was observed on 20 other individu¬
als taken between 2 to 18 August. Our specimen from Mayaro is
the first recorded from that county.

10

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Tonatia bidens bidens (Spix)

Specimens examined (12).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 3; Caura Valley. I;
Las Cuevas, 7. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, ].

Nonpregnant females were taken on 12 July (one specimen), 2
August (three), and 5 August (two). The testes of a male taken on
2 August measured 3, and for one taken on 5 August they mea¬
sured 2. Molt was recorded from individuals taken on 12 July, 5
August, and 10 August. Our specimens are the first recorded from
St. George and St. Andrew counties. Measurements for six speci¬
mens are given in Table 1. Koopman (1976) first applied the tri¬
nomial T. b. bidens to Recent specimens of this species.

Tonatia brasiliense Peters

Specimens examined (7).— St. George Co.: Mannas Valley, 2; Santa Maria, 1. St.
Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayaie, 3.

Single, nonpregnant females were taken on 5 and 11 August.
Molt was observed between 10 July and 19 August. Our specimens
from Mayaro are the first recorded from that county. Measure¬
ments of six specimens are given in Table 1. We follow Gardner
(1976) and other recent authors (Handley, 1976; Koopman, 1978)
in using the specific name brasiliense for all small South and
Middle American members of the genus; we are uncertain as to
whether or not subspecies should be recognized.

Trachops cirrhosus cirrhosus (Spix)

Specimens examined (3),— St. George Co.: Blanchisscuse, 3.

Two females collected on 12 July were not pregnant. These two
specimens plus another taken on this date were undergoing molt.
Our specimens are the first to be recorded from St. George
County. We follow Jones and Carter (1976) in the use of the sub-
specific name.

Vampyrum spectrum (Linnaeus)

Specimens examined (4).— St. George Co.: Santa Maria, 1. Si. Andrew Co.: San-
gre Grande, 3.

No reproductive data are available for our specimens. Three
obtained on 14 and 15 July exhibited molt. The species has not
been recorded previously from St. Andrew County. Measurements
of four specimens are listed in Table 1. Husson (1962) and Hand-
ley (1966) have considered this species to be monotypic.

CARTER ET AT.,— BATS FROM TRINIDAD

Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi Gray

Specimens examined (41).— St, George Co.: Blanthisseust 1 , 3; Las Cuevas, 7;
Maratas Valley, 1; San Rafael, 5. St. Andrew Co.: Ml Taniana Cave, 19 (2 CM);
Valent ia, 5. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 1,

No fetuses were found in 13 females collected on 5 and 6
August. The mean testicular length of 18 males collected from 2
to 6 August was 5.9 (range, 2-7). Molt was observed on 31 speci¬
mens collec ted between 7 July and 15 August. The specimen from
Mayaro is the first recorded from that county.

Choeroniscus intermedius (J. A. Allen and Chapman)

Specimens examined (44). — St. George Co.: Blanthisseust 1 , 5; Las Cuevas, 16;
Maratas Valley, 1; San Rafael, 7; 2 im. F San Rafael, 1. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N. 2
mi. F, Valencia, L Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 13.

No fetuses were found in six females taken between 2 to 7
August. Molt was observed on 13 of 37 individuals taken between
7 July and 21 August. An extensive analysis of nongeographic
variation in this sample was presented by Genoways et al. (19735).

Glossophaga soricina soricina (Pallas)

Specimens examined (80).— St. George Co.: Blant hisseust', 18; Las Cuevas, 10 (2
CM); Maratas Valley, 3; San Rafael, 10. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. F Valencia,
7. Narwa Co.: 5 mi. mark Plum Mitan Road, 4. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 28.

No fetuses were found in 43 females caught between 2 to 18
August. One female taken on 2 August and another captured on 5
August were lactating. The mean testicular length of 18 males
taken between 2 and 6 August was 3.7 (range, 2-5).

Carollia perspicillata perspicillata (Linnaeus)

Specimens examined (232).—St. George Co.: Blanthisseust 1 , 90 (2 CM); Caura
Valley, 10; Las Cuevas, 63 (2 CM); Maratas Valley, 1; San Rafael, 20 (4 CM). St.
Andrexo Co.: Tamana Cave, 2; 2 mi. N, 2 mi. F Valencia, 20. Narwa Co.: 5 mi.
mark Plum Mitan Roatl, 1. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 23.

Females all containing single fetuses were taken on the follow¬
ing dates (mean crown-rump length, range in parentheses, and
sample site): 2 August, 18.0 (13-22) 5; 5 August, 20.0 (12-26) 4; 6
August, 24.4 (18-33) 10; 7 August, 20; 21 August, 21. A female car¬
rying minute twin embryos was taken on 6 August. Four lactating
females were taken on 6 August and three were taken on 7
August. Females exhibiting enlarged uteri were obtained on 2
August (two individuals), 4 August (one), 5 August (three), and 6

12

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

August (one). The mean length of testes for 88 adult males taken
between 2 to 7 August was 4.1 (range, 2-7). Individuals exhibiting
molt were taken on the following dates (number molting followed
by total number examined in parentheses): 7 July, 2 (2); 2 August,
8 (8); 3 August, 1 (1); 4 August, 5 (5); 5 August, 21 (22); 6 August,
71 (88); 7 August, 15 (19); 18 August, 1 (1); 19 August, 3 (5); 21
August, 11 (15). Although Pine (1972) did not formally recognize
subspecies in this species, we continue to use this trinomial.

Ametrida centurio Gray

Specimens examined (93).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 15 (1 CM); Caura Val¬
ley, 1; Las Cuevas, 70; Maracas Valley, 1; 2 mi. E San Rafael, 2. St. Andrew Co.: 2
rni. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 4.

Of 49 females taken on 7 July, 17 contained single fetuses that
averaged 21.2 (12-29) in crown-rump length. Other pregnant
females were taken on the following dates (crown-rump length in
parentheses): 8 July (19, 29); 2 August (9); 6 August (6); 11 August
(27). Testicular measurements were 2 for a male taken on 5
August and 3 for one taken on 6 August. Molt was observed on 67
specimens collected between 7 July and 18 August, whereas 16
taken on 7 July and one taken 8 July were not molting. Only four
specimens have been reported from Trinidad previously (Goodwin
and Greenhall, 1964) and our material from St. Andrew is the first
to be recorded from that county. Our material will form the basis
of a forthcoming report on variation in this species. Peterson
(1965) has shown that Ametrida is a monotypic genus.

Artibeus cinereus cinereus (Gervais)

Specimens examined (113).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 13; Caura Valley, 2;
Las Cuevas, 48 (4 CM); Maracas Valley, 3 (1 CM); San Rafael, 17 (1 CM). St.
Andrew Co.: 2 mi, N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 8. Nariva Co.: 5 mi. mark Plum Milan
Road, 2. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 20.

Females carrying single fetuses were taken on the following
dates (crown-rump lengths in parentheses): 7 July (21); 2 August
(11, 13, 19, 23, 31); 6 August (27). Mean length of testes for 22
males taken between 2 to 7 August was 3.8 (range, 2-6). Molt was
observed on 61 of 93 specimens examined from the period 7 July
to 21 August. We follow Jones and Carter (1976) in the use of tri¬
nomials for this species.

CARTER ET AL., —BATS FROM TRINIDAD

13

Artibeus jamaicensis trinitis Andersen

Specimens examined (182).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 49; Caura Valley, 10;
Las Cuevas, 27; Maracas Valley, 60 (6 CM); San Rafael, 13 (7 CM). St. Andrew Co.:
2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 2 (1 CM). Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 21.

Pregnant females were collected on the following dates (crown-
rump length of fetuses in parentheses); 2 August (21, 50, 55); 3
August (24, 28); 5 August (35); 6 August (33, 55). Lactating
females were obtained on 3 August (two individuals), 6 August
(eight), 10 August (two). Mean length of testes for 63 males taken
between 2 to 7 August was 6.3 (range, 2-12). Molt was observed on
111 specimens taken between 8 July and 21 August. Our speci¬
mens from St. Andrew and Mayaro are the first recorded from
those counties.

Artibeus lituratus palmarum J. A. Allen and Chapman

Specimens examined (43).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 12; Las Cuevas, 8;
Maracas Valley, 16. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 2. Mayaro Co.:
Guyaguayare, 5.

Two females obtained on 2 August contained single fetuses
measuring 47 and 52 in crown-rump length, whereas one taken
on 21 August possessed an embryo measuring 12. Three females
taken on 3 August were lactating as were single females netted on
6 and 8 August. Mean length of testes for 20 males taken between
2 to 8 August was 6.2 (range, 4-8). Molt was observed on one spec¬
imen taken on 8 July and 23 taken between 3 to 8 August. Our
specimens from St. Andrew and Mayaro are the first to be
recorded from those counties.

Centurio senex greenhalli Paradiso

Specimens examined (4).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1. St. Andrew Co.: 2
mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 2. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 1.

Two females collected on 5 August were not pregnant. A spec¬
imen taken on 10 August exhibited molt. This subspecies was
described by Paradiso (1967) based upon material from Trinidad.

Chiroderma trinitatum trinitatum Goodwin

Specimens examined (14).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 3; Las Cuevas, 3; 2
mi. E San Rafael, 3 (1 CM). St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1. Mayaro
Co.: Guayaguayare, 4.

Single fetuses were found in females taken on 6 August (crown-
rump length, 29) and 10 August (30). Nonpregnant females were

14

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

taken on 2 August (one individual), 7 August (three), 10 August
(two), and 19 August (one). Testes measurements were 3 and 4 for
males obtained on 5 and 6 August, respectively. Five specimens
exhibiting molt were taken between 5 and 19 August. Only six
specimens have been reported from Trinidad previously (Goodwin
and Greenhall, 1964) and our specimens from Mayaro are the first
recorded from that county. Currently, two subspecies (Barriga-
Bonilla, 1965; Handley, 1966) are recognized within this species;
however, an analysis of variation within species will form the
basis of another report.

Chiroderma villosum villosum Peters

Specimens examined (28).— St. George Co.. Blanrhisseuse, 4; Caura Valley, 1:
Las Cuevas, 6; Marat as Valley, 1; San Rafael, 4. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 ini. E
Valencia, 3 (1 CM). Narwa Co.: 5 mi. mark Plum Milan Road, 1. Mayaro Co.:
Guayaguayare. 8.

A female obtained on 6 August carried a single fetus, whereas
none of 12 females collected between 4 to 21 August was preg¬
nant. Mean length of testes for seven males taken between 2 to 10
August was 3.4 (range, 1-5). Only four specimens have been
reported previously from Trinidad and all of ours, except those
from St. George, represent new county records. Measurements of
nine specimens are listed in Table 2.

Enchisthenes hartii (Thomas)

Specimens examined (2).— St. George Co.: Blatichisseuse, 1; Maracas Valley, 1.

A female taken on 15 August was not pregnant and was molt¬
ing. A male taken on 11 August was not undergoing molt.
Apparently, these are the first specimens of this species to be
reported (Baker and Lopez, 1968) from Trinidad since it was orig¬
inally described on the basis of a single specimen from the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain (Thomas, 1892). Measurements of
our specimens are listed in Table 2.

Mesophylla macconnelli flavescens Goodwin and Greenhall

Specimens examined (52).— St. George Co.: Las Cuevas, 2; 2 mi. E San Rafael, 4.
Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayaie, 46 (2 CM),

Females carrying single fetuses were taken on the following
dates (crown-rump lengths of embryos in parentheses): 4 August
(13, 15); 18 August (19, 22, 23, 25); 19 August (17). Lactating
females were obtained on 4 August (one specimen), 7 August

Tabi.f. 2. —External and cranial measurements of six species of stenodermahnes and two species of desmodontmes from Trinidad.

CARTER ET AL .,—BATS FROM TRINIDAD

15

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Table 2.— Continued.

16 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

CARTER ET AL .,—BATS FROM TRINIDAD

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18

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS LECH UNIVERSITY

(one), 10 August (one), and 18 August (two). Testicular measure¬
ments for adult males were as follows (dates of capture in paren¬
theses): 1 (10 July); 1, 4 (4 August); 1 (5 August); 3 (7 August); 1,
5, 6 (19 August). Molt was observed on 31 of 34 specimens
obtained between 8 July and 19 August (nonmolting individuals
captured on 8 July, 10 August, and 18 August). This subspecies
originally was described by Goodwin and Green ha 11 (1962) based
on a single specimen from Talparo. They (Goodwin and Green-
hall, 1964) subsequently reported five additional specimens from
the island. We recognize the genus Mesophylla as distinct from
Ectophylla based on morphological and karyological considera¬
tions (Greenbaum el ai, 1975).

Sturnira lilium lilium (E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire)

Specimens examined (40;).— Si. George Co. : Blanc hisseuse, 10(1 CM); Caura Val¬
ley, Las Cuevas, 13 (1 CM); Mataeas Valley, 4; San Rafael, 2. Si. Andrew Co.: 2
mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 2. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 4.

Three females taken on 2 August possessed fetuses measuring 20
and 25 in crown-rump length, whereas embryos measuring 15 and
23 were found in two females taken on 6 August. Mean testicular
length of 11 adult males obtained between 2 and 6 August was 3.7
(range, 1-6). Twenty-six specimens captured between 2 and 21
August exhibited molt. Measurements of 10 specimens are given
in Table 2.

Sturnira tildae de la T on e

Specimens examined (17).— St. George Co.: Blanehisseuse, 9 (1 CM); Caura Val¬
ley, 2; Las Cuevas, 2; Mataeas Valley, 1; San Rafael, ]. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2
mi. E Valenc ia, L Mayaro Co. : Guayaguayare, 1.

Pregnant females were taken on 2 August (crown-rump length,
7) and 6 August (crown-rump lengths 10, 11, 14, 41). A lac rating
female was captured on 15 August. Testicular lengths of 2 were
recorded lot males taken on 5 and 6 August. Molt was observed
on 11 specimens taken between 3 and 15 August. Our specimen
from St. Andrew is the first recorded from that county. Measure¬
ments of nine spec imens are given in Table 2.

Uroderma bilobatum trinitatum Davis

Specimens examined (48).— St. George Co. : Blanehisseuse, 10; Caura Valley, 2;
Las Cuevas, 16; Mataeas Valley, 2 (1 CM); San Rafael, 6. Mayaro Co.: Guaya-
g nay are, 12(1 CM).

CARTER ET AI^.. —BATS FROM TRINIDAD

19

Females carrying single embryos were taken on the following
dates (crown-rump length of embryos in parentheses): 2 August
(25, 27); 3 August (27); 6 August (22). Mean testicular length for
17 adult males taken between 2 and 7 August was 3.5 (range, 2-6).
Twenty-one specimens captured between 7 July and 9 August
were in the process of molting. Measurements of eight specimens
are listed in Table 2. Davis (1968) revised this species and de¬
scribed the subspecies tnnitatum, which is restricted to Trinidad.

Vampyrodes caraccioloi caraccioloi (Thomas)

Specimens examined (7).— St, George Co.: Blanc hisseuse, 2; Las Cuevas, 1; Mar-
acas Valley, 1; San Rafael, 1. Mayaro Co.: Guavaguayare, 1; Santa Maria, 1.

No embryos were found in three females captured between 6 and
19 August. Molt was observed on specimens taken on 3, 6, 15, and
21 August. Our specimen from Mayaro is the first to be reported
from southeastern Trinidad. Measurements of six specimens are
given in Table 2.

Vampyrops helleri Peters

Specimens examined (83).— St. George Co.: Blanrhisseusv, 6; Caura Valley, 2;
Las Cuevas, 19 (1 CM); Maraeas Valley, 4; San Rafael, 24 (3 CM). S. Andrew Co.:
2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valenc ia, 4. Mayaro Co.: Guavaguayare, 24.

Females containing single embryos were taken on the following
dates (crown-rump length of embryos in parentheses): 10 July (no
measurements taken); 2 August (20, 25); 3 August (20); 4 August
(27, 30, 32); 5 August (25, 28, 30); 6 August (15, 20); 7 August (18,
23). A female captured on 21 August was lactating. Mean testicu¬
lar length of 19 adult males taken between 2 and 7 August was 3.3
(range, 2-5). Of the 66 specimens examined for molt that were
captured between 8 July and 21 August, 59 were molting. Our
three specimens from Guavaguayare are the first to be reported
from southeastern Trinidad.

Desmodus rotundus rotundas (E. Geoff roy St.-Hi la ire)

Specimens examined (15).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 2; Las Cuevas, 3 (1
CM); Maraeas Valley, 4 (1 CM); San Rafael, 2. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E
Valencia, I. Mayaro Co.: Guavaguayare, 3.

Of the two females examined, one was lactating when captured
on 3 August. Mean testicular length of 11 adult males captured
between 2 and 8 August was 5.6 (range, 4-7). Molt was observed
on five individuals collected between 2 and 10 August. Our spec-

20

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

imens from St. Andrew and Mayaro are the first reported from
those counties. Measurements of two males are given in Table 2.

Diaemus youngii (Jentink)

Specimens examined (6).— St. George Co.: Las Cuevas, 1; Maracas Valley, 3. St.
Patrick Co.: La Brea, 2 (1 CM).

No embryos were found in single females taken on 3 and 8
August. The testes of a male taken on 8 August measured 7. Six
specimens obtained between 3 and 19 August were all undergoing
molt. Our specimens are the first recorded from St. George
County. D. youngii currently is considered to be monotypic
(Jones and Carter, 1976).

Natalus tumidirostris haymani Goodwin

Specimens examined (76).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; Las Cuevas, 6; Saul
d’Eau Cave, 3. St. Andrew C.o.: Mt. Tamana Cave, 66 (8 CM).

Three females collected on 2 August and 39 taken on 6 August
were not pregnant; however, three were lactating on 6 August.
Mean testicular length of 19 adult males taken on 2 and 6 August
was 2.0 (range, 1-3). Molt was recorded from three specimens
taken on 14 July, two on 5 August, and 28 on 6 August.

Thyroptera tricolor tricolor Spix

Specimens examined (3).— St. George Co. : Las Cuevas, 2; Maracas, 1.

A female captured on 5 August and one taken on 8 August were
not pregnant. One specimen obtained on 5 August was undergo¬
ing molt. Measurements of a male and female are listed in Table
3.

Eptesicus brasiliensis melanopterus (Jentink)

Specimens examined (3).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1; 2 mi. E San Rafael,
1. St. Andrew Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 1.

A female obtained on 6 August was not pregnant. Testes of a
male captured on 7 August measured 4. This species first was
recorded from Trinidad by Genoways et al. (1973a) based on the
specimen listed above from Blanchisseuse. We have followed
Davis (1966) in assigning specimens to subspecies.

Myotis keaysi pilosatiabilis LaVal

Specimen examined (1).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1.

CARTER ET AL .,—BATS FROM TRINIDAD

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22

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Our specimen is a nonpregnant female taken on 15 August that
was molting. This specimen formed the basis of LaVal’s (1973a)
earlier report of this species from Trinidad.

Myotis nigricans nigricans (Schinz)

Specimens examined (4).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1. St. Andrew Co.: 2
mi. N, 2 mi. E Valencia, 3.

Three nonpregnant females were taken on 5-6 August. Testicu¬
lar measurements of an adult captured on 5 August were 3.

Myotis riparius Handley

Specimen examined (1).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 1.

Our one individual is a nonpregnant female taken on 14
August. It evinced no molt. This specimen formed the basis for
the report of this species from Trinidad by LaVal (1973a).

Rhogeessa tumida riparia Goodwin

Specimens examined (3).— St. George Co.: Maracas Valley, 2; San Rafael, 1.

All specimens are nonpregnant females captured between 3 and
11 August. All were molting. LaVal (19736) has shown that only
one species of Rhogeessa occurs on the island of Trinidad. Kary¬
otypic data presented by Bickham and Baker (1977) support his
contention that this is the species tumida.

Eumops auripendulus auripendulus Shaw

Specimens examined (9).— St. George Co.: Maracas Valley, 8 (1 CM); Port-of-
Spain, 1.

Seven females collected between 2 and 18 August were not
pregnant. Testes measured 5 for a male taken on 2 August and 7
for one taken on 3 August. Molt was observed on five of the seven
specimens collected between 3 to 18 August. The species was
recorded first from Trinidad by Genoways et al. (1973a). Eger
(1977) recently reviewed this species and used the above trinomial
for specimens from Trinidad.

Molossops greenhalli greenhalli (Goodwin)

Specimens examined (5).— St. George Co.: Blanchisseuse, 5.

One female taken on 12 July possessed a single embryo,
whereas two females obtained on 6 August were not pregnant. All
specimens previously recorded from Trinidad were from Port-of-
Spain, which is the type locality of this taxon (Goodwin, 1958).

CARTER ET AL .,—BATS FROM TRINIDAD

23

Molossus ater ater E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire

Specimens examined (17).— St. George Co.: Blanc hisseusc, 5; Las Cuevas, 1;
Maracas Valley, 2; Por i-of-Spain, 7; San Rafael, 2.

A female raptured on 18 August carried a single embryo
measuring 35. None of the specimens (taken between 12 July and
18 August) was molting.

Molossus molossus (Pallas)

Specimens examined (120).— St. George Co.: Blanchi.sseuse, 8; Las Cuevas, 5;
Mannas Valley, 85 (5 CM); Pou-of-Spain, 7; San Rafael, 13 (2 CM). St. Andrew
Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. K Valencia, 1. Mayaro Co.: Guayaguayare, 1.

Females carrying single embryos were taken on the following
dates (crown-rump length of fetuses in parentheses): 15 July (19);
3 August (24, 24, 29); 6 August (3, minute embryos); 13 August
(18). Lariating females were captured on 2 August (one
individual), 3 August (14), and 13 August (two). Mean testicular
length of 24 males taken on 2 and 3 August was 4.8 (range, 3-6).
Molt was recorded as occurring on 80 specimens taken between 13
July and 18 August. Our specimens from St. Andrew and Mayaro
are the first to be recorded from those counties. We follow Husson
(1962) in use of this name, but await application of a subspecific
name until geographic variation in the species is thoroughly
studied.

Promops centralis centralis Thomas

Specimens examined (6).— St. George Co.: Taraiigna, 6.

None of four females captured on 11 August was pregnant but
one was lactating. All specimens w r ere molting. Measurement of
these specimens are listed in Table 3.

Checklist of the Bats of T rinidad

Below is a checklist of the bat fauna of Trinidad as it is currently
known. Citations indicate the bases lor changes from Goodwin

and Green hall (1961).

Fmbai.i.oniridae
Peroptcryx macrotis trinitatus
Rhynchonyctens naso —Husson, 1962.
Saccopteryx bihneata bihneata —
Husson, 1962; Alvarcv, 1968.
Saccopteryx leptura
I)u hduru.s albus

NoeTII.IONJDAE

Nocttlm leponnus mastivus — Davis,

1973.

Mormoopidaf.

Mormoops megalophylla tumidiceps
Pteronolus dai'\i dui'yi

24

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Pteronotus parnella rubiginosus —
Smith, 1972.

Pteronotus personatus personatus —
Smith, 1972.

Phyllostomidae
Phyllostominae
Lonchorhma aunta aunta
Micronycteris brachyotis
Micronyctens hirsuta
Micronycteris megalotis megalotis
Micronyctens minula
Micronycteris nicefon
Micronycteris minuta
Mimon crenulatum crenulatum
Phyiloderma stenops stenops —
Goodwin and Greenhall, 1964;
Handley, 1966.

Phyllostomus discolor discolor
Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus
Tonatia bidens bidens —Koopman,

1976.

Tonatia brastliense —Gardner, 1976;

Handley, 1976; Koopman, 1978.
Trachops cirrhosus cirrhosus —Jones
and Carter, 1976.

Vampyrum 0ftctrum — Husson, 1962;
Handley, 1966.

Gi.ossophaginae
Anoura geoffroyi geofjroyi
CJioeroniscus intermedius
Glossophaga longirostris major
Glossophaga soncina soncina

Caroli.iinae

Carolha perspicillata perspicillata
Stenodermatinae
Ametnda centurio —Goodwin and
Greenhall, 1964; Peterson, 1965.
Artibeus cinereus cinereus
Artibeus jamaicensis trmitis
Artibeus lituratus palmarum
Centurio sen ex greenhalh —Paradiso,
1967.

Chiroderma tnnitatum tnmtatum —
Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; Handley, 1966.
Chiroderma villosum villosum
Enchisthenes hartii

Mesophylla macconnelli jlavescens —
Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962;
Greenbaum et at, 1975.

Sturmra lilium lihum
Sturmra tildae

Uroderma bilobatum tnnitatum —
Davis, 1968.

Vampyrodes caraccioloi caraccioloi
Vampyrops helleh

Desmodontinae
Desmodus rotundus rotundus
Diaemus youngii

Natalidae

Natalus tumidirostns haymani

Furipteridae

Funpterus horrens

Thyropteridae

Thyroptera tricolor tricolor

Vespertilionidae

Eptesicus brasihensis melanopterus —
Genoways et al., 1973a.

Lasiurus borealis frantzn
Lasiurus ega panamen$is-~ Handley,
I960.

Myotis keaysi pilosatiabilis —LaVal,
1973a.

Myotis nigricans nigricans
Myotis riparius —LaVal, 1973a.
Rhogeessa tumida nparia —LaVal,
19735.

Molossidae

Eumops aunpendulus aunpendulus —
Genoways et al., 1973a; Eger, 1977.
Molossops greenhalh greenhalh —Jones
and Genoways, 1967.

Molossus ater ater
Molossus molossus —Husson, 1962.
Molossus sinaloae tnmtatus —Handley,
1966.

Promops centralis centralis —Ojasti and
Linares, 1971; Koopman, 1978.
Promops nasutus downsi —Goodwin
and Greenhall, 1962.

Tadanda europs

CARTER ET AL., —BATS FROM TRINIDAD

25

Acknowledgments

We thank Nanti Latchman, Patsy Allick, Dr. Jack Price, Dr.
Pierre Andoine, Dr. Farouk Muridali, Genaro Lopez, Larry
Deaven, Frances Arrighi, John Bickham, and John Patton for
assistance. Collecting permits for Trinidad were issued by Mr.
Selwyn Dardaine, Chief Game Warden, Forest Division. Our work
in Trinidad spanned several years and our field parties always
were treated cordially by inhabitants of the island; we extend our
appreciation to the people of Trinidad for their friendship during
our stay. Field and Laboratory studies were supported by NSF
GB-8120, GN-29132X1, GB-41105, and DEB-76-20580, and the
Institute of Museum Research, Texas Tech University.

Literature Cited

Alvarez, T. 1968. Notas sobre una coleccion de mamiferos de la region Costera
del Rio Balsas entre Michoacan y Guerrero. Rev. Sot. Mexican a Hist.
Nat., 29:21-35.

Baker, R. J., and G. Lopez. 1968. Notes on some bats of Tamaulipas.
Southwestern Nat., 13:353-372.

Barriga-Bonilla, E. 1965. Estudios mastozoologicos Colombianas, 1. Chirop-
tera. Caldasia, 9:241-268.

Bickham, J. W., and R. J. Baker. 1977. Implications of chromosomal variation
in Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J. Mamm., 58:448-453.

Davis, W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus.
Southwestern Nat., 11:245-274.

-. 1968. Review of the genus Uroderma (Chiroptera). J. Mamm., 49:

676-698.

-. 1973. Geographic variation in the fishing bat, Noctiho leporinus. J.

Mamm., 54:862-874.

Eger, J. L. 1977. Systematics of the genus Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae).

Life Sci. Contrib., Royal Ontario Mus., 1 10:1-69.

Gardner, A. L. 1976. The distributional status of some Peruvian mammals.

Occas. Papers Mus. Zoo]., Louisiana State Univ., 48:1-18.

Genoways, H. H., R. J. Baker, and R. S. Loregnard. 1973a. Two species of
bats new to the fauna of Trinidad. Mammalia, 37:362-363.

Genoways, H. H., R. J. Baker, and W. B. Wyatt. 19735. Non-geographic vari¬
ation in the long-nosed bat Choeroniscus intermedium. Bull. Southern
California Acad. Sci., 72:106-107.

Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams. 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chi¬
roptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 18:323-335.

Goodwin, G. G. 1958. Three new bats from Trinidad. Amer. Mus. Novit.,
1877:1-6.

Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall. 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad
and Tobago* Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 122:187-301.

-. 1962. Two new bats from Trinidad with comments on the status of the

genus Mesophylla. Amer. Mus. Novit., 2080:1-18.

26

OCCASIONAL PAPERS Ml'SECM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

-. 1961. New records of bats from Trinidad and eominem.s on the status oi

Molossus trimtatus Goodwin. Amer. Mus, Novit.. 2195:1-23.

Grf.enbaum, I. V., R. J. Baker, and D. E. Wilson. 1975, Evolutionary implica¬
tions of the karyotypes of the stenoderimne genera Ardops, Ariteus, Phyl-
lops and Ectophylla. I nil. Southern California Acad. Sci,, 74:156-159.

Handi.f.y, C. O,, Jr, 1960. Descriptions of new bats from Panama. Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 112:459-479.

-. 1966. Checklist of the mammals of Panama. Pp. 753-795, m Ec topara¬
sites of Panama (R. L. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton, eds.), Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Chicago, Illinois.

-. 1976. Mammals of the Smithsonian Venezuelan Project. Brigham Young

Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser., 20:1-89.

-. 1980. Inconsistent ies in formation of family-group and subfamily-group

names in Chiroptera. Pp. 9-13, in Proc. Fifth Internal. Bat Res. Conf.
(D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas lech Press, Lubbock, 434

pp.

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-. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role

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fostomatidae. Life Sc i. Contrib., Royal Ontario Mus., 65:1-12.

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Sta., T ech. Monogr., 8:1-125.

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(Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Canadian J. 7,ool., 51:461-468.

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CARTER ET AL .,—BATS FROM TRINIDAD

27

Addresses of Authors: C. H. Carter, Mississippi Museum of Natural Sciences,
111 North Jefferson Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39202; H. H. Genoways, Carnegie
Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213;
R. S. Loregnard, Department of Biology, The University of West Indies, St. Au¬
gustine, Trinidad, West Indies; R. J. Baker, The Museum, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, 79409. Received 1 November 1979, accepted 5 May 1980.

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